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Kim H, Kang C, Jang D, Roh Y, Lee SH, Lee JW, Sung JH, Lee SK, Kim KY. Ionizing terahertz waves with 260 MV/cm from scalable optical rectification. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:118. [PMID: 38802347 PMCID: PMC11130333 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01462-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) waves, known as non-ionizing radiation owing to their low photon energies, can actually ionize atoms and molecules when a sufficiently large number of THz photons are concentrated in time and space. Here, we demonstrate the generation of ionizing, multicycle, 15-THz waves emitted from large-area lithium niobate crystals via phase-matched optical rectification of 150-terawatt laser pulses. A complete characterization of the generated THz waves in energy, pulse duration, and focal spot size shows that the field strength can reach up to 260 megavolts per centimeter. In particular, a single-shot THz interferometer is employed to measure the THz pulse duration and spectrum with complementary numerical simulations. Such intense THz pulses are irradiated onto various solid targets to demonstrate THz-induced tunneling ionization and plasma formation. This study also discusses the potential of nonperturbative THz-driven ionization in gases, which will open up new opportunities, including nonlinear and relativistic THz physics in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongmun Kim
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
- Department of Physics and Optoelectronics Convergence Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Chul Kang
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Korea.
| | - Dogeun Jang
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Yulan Roh
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Sang Hwa Lee
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Joong Wook Lee
- Department of Physics and Optoelectronics Convergence Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Jae Hee Sung
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Seong Ku Lee
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Ki-Yong Kim
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics; Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA.
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2
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Wang L, Zhang Z, Chen S, Chen Y, Hu X, Zhu M, Yan W, Xu H, Sun L, Chen M, Liu F, Chen L, Zhang J, Sheng Z. Millijoule Terahertz Radiation from Laser Wakefields in Nonuniform Plasmas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:165002. [PMID: 38701476 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.165002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
We report the experimental measurement of millijoule terahertz (THz) radiation emitted in the backward direction from laser wakefields driven by a femtosecond laser pulse of few joules interacting with a gas target. By utilizing frequency-resolved energy measurement, it is found that the THz spectrum exhibits two peaks located at about 4.5 and 9.0 THz, respectively. In particular, the high frequency component emerges when the drive laser energy exceeds 1.26 J, at which electron acceleration in the forward direction is detected simultaneously. Theoretical analysis and particle-in-cell simulations indicate that the THz radiation is generated via mode conversion from the laser wakefields excited in plasma with an up-ramp profile, where radiations both at the local electron plasma frequency and its harmonics are produced. Such intense THz sources may find many applications in ultrafast science, e.g., manipulating the transient states of matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linzheng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Laser and Plasma (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhelin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Laser and Plasma (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Laser and Plasma (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yanping Chen
- Key Laboratory for Laser and Plasma (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xichen Hu
- Key Laboratory for Laser and Plasma (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Mingyang Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Laser and Plasma (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wenchao Yan
- Key Laboratory for Laser and Plasma (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Key Laboratory for Laser and Plasma (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lili Sun
- Key Laboratory for Laser and Plasma (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Min Chen
- Key Laboratory for Laser and Plasma (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Laser and Plasma (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Liming Chen
- Key Laboratory for Laser and Plasma (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Laser and Plasma (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhengming Sheng
- Key Laboratory for Laser and Plasma (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
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3
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Roussel E, Szwaj C, Di Pietro P, Adhlakha N, Cinquegrana P, Veronese M, Evain C, Di Mitri S, Perucchi A, Bielawski S. Single-shot terahertz time-domain spectrometer using 1550 nm probe pulses and diversity electro-optic sampling. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:31072-31081. [PMID: 37710635 DOI: 10.1364/oe.498726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Classical terahertz spectroscopy usually requires the use of Fourier transform or Time-Domain Spectrometers. However, these classical techniques become impractical when using recent high peak power terahertz sources - based on intense lasers or accelerators - which operate at low repetition rate. We present and test the design of a novel Time-Domain Spectrometer, that is capable of recording a whole terahertz spectrum at each shot of the source, and that uses a 1550 nm probe fiber laser. Single-shot operation is obtained using chirped-pulse electro-optic sampling in Gallium Arsenide, and high bandwidth is obtained by using the recently introduced Diversity Electro-Optic Sampling (DEOS) method. We present the first real-time measurements of THz spectra at the TeraFERMI Coherent Transition Radiation source. The system achieves 2.5 THz bandwidth with a maximum dynamic range reaching up to 25 dB. By reducing the required measurement time from minutes to a split-second, this strategy dramatically expands the application range of high power low-repetition rate THz sources.
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4
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Kuratov AS, Brantov AV, Kovalev VF, Bychenkov VY. Powerful laser-produced quasi-half-cycle THz pulses. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:035201. [PMID: 36266787 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.035201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Maxwell equations-based 3D-analytical solution for the terahertz (THz) half-cycle electromagnetic wave transition radiation pulse has been found. This solution describes generation and propagation of transition radiation into free space from laser-produced relativistic electron bunch which crosses a target-vacuum interface as a result of ultrashort laser pulse interaction with a thin high-conductivity target. The analytical solution found complements the theory of laser initiated transition radiation. It describes the THz wave half-cycle pulse at the arbitrary distance from a target surface including near-field zone rather than its standard far-field characterization. The analytical research has also been supplemented with the 3D simulations using the finite-difference time-domain method, which makes it possible for description of much wider spatial domain as compared to that from the particle-in-cell approach. The presented result sheds light fundamentally on the interference of the electron bunch field and the generated THz field of broadband transition radiation from laser-plasma interaction. The latter is studied for a long time in the experiments with solid density plasma and the theory developed may inspire to targeted measurements and investigations of unique super intense half-cycle THz radiation waves near the laser target.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Kuratov
- P. N. Lebedev Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Leninskii Prospect 53, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Center for Fundamental and Applied Research, Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics (VNIIA), Moscow 127055, Russia
| | - A V Brantov
- P. N. Lebedev Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Leninskii Prospect 53, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Center for Fundamental and Applied Research, Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics (VNIIA), Moscow 127055, Russia
| | - V F Kovalev
- P. N. Lebedev Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Leninskii Prospect 53, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 125047, Russia
| | - V Yu Bychenkov
- P. N. Lebedev Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Leninskii Prospect 53, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Center for Fundamental and Applied Research, Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics (VNIIA), Moscow 127055, Russia
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5
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Chen M, de Oliveira TVAG, Ilyakov I, Nörenberg T, Kuschewski F, Deinert JC, Awari N, Ponomaryov A, Kuntzsch M, Kehr SC, Eng LM, Gensch M, Kovalev S. Terahertz-slicing - an all-optical synchronization for 4 th generation light sources. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:26955-26966. [PMID: 36236877 DOI: 10.1364/oe.454908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A conceptually new approach to synchronizing accelerator-based light sources and external laser systems is presented. The concept is based on utilizing a sufficiently intense accelerator-based single-cycle terahertz pulse to slice a thereby intrinsically synchronized femtosecond-level part of a longer picosecond laser pulse in an electro-optic crystal. A precise synchronization of the order of 10 fs is demonstrated, allowing for real-time lock-in amplifier signal demodulation. We demonstrate successful operation of the concept with three benchmark experiments using a 4th generation accelerator-based terahertz light source, i.e. (i) far-field terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, (ii) terahertz high harmonic generation spectroscopy, and (iii) terahertz scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy.
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6
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Lei HY, Sun FZ, Wang TZ, Chen H, Wang D, Wei YY, Ma JL, Liao GQ, Li YT. Highly efficient generation of GV/m-level terahertz pulses from intense femtosecond laser-foil interactions. iScience 2022; 25:104336. [PMID: 35602940 PMCID: PMC9118729 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The terahertz radiation from ultraintense laser-produced plasmas has aroused increasing attention recently as a promising approach toward strong terahertz sources. Here, we present the highly efficient production of millijoule-level terahertz pulses, from the rear side of a metal foil irradiated by a 10-TW femtosecond laser pulse. By characterizing the terahertz and electron emission in combination with particle-in-cell simulations, the physical reasons behind the efficient terahertz generation are discussed. The resulting focused terahertz electric field strength reaches over 2 GV/m, which is justified by experiments on terahertz strong-field-driven nonlinearity in semiconductors. Ultraintense laser-foil interactions generate a 2.1-mJ strong terahertz pulse Nearly 1% generation efficiency originates from optimized laser-plasma conditions 2-GV/m high THz fields induce absorption bleaching and impact ionization
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yi Lei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fang-Zheng Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tian-Ze Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan-Yu Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing-Long Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guo-Qian Liao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu-Tong Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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7
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Terahertz Emission Enhanced by a Laser Irradiating on a T-Type Target. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12094464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The generation of high field terahertz emission based on the interaction between an ultra-intense laser and solid targets has been widely studied in recent years because of its wide potential applications in biological imaging and material science. Here, a novel scheme is proposed to enhance the terahertz emission, in which a linearly polarized laser pulse irradiates a T-type target including a longitudinal target followed by a transverse target. By using two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, we find that the electron beam, modulated by the direct laser acceleration via the interaction of the laser with the longitudinal solid target, plays a crucial role in enhancing the intensity of terahertz emission and controlling its spatial distribution. Compared with the single-layer target, the maximum radiated electromagnetic field’s intensity passing through the spatial probe point is enhanced by about one order of magnitude, corresponding to the terahertz emission power increasing by two orders of magnitude or so. In addition, the proposed scheme is robust with respect to the thickness and length of the target. Such a scheme may provide important theoretical and data support for the enhancement of terahertz emission efficiency based on the ultra-intense laser irradiation of solid targets.
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8
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Peak Shift of Coherent Edge Radiation Spectrum Depending on Radio Frequency Field Phase of Accelerator. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12020626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Spectra of coherent edge radiation (CER) were observed at the S-band linac facility of Kyoto University Free Electron Laser. A local maximum was observed in the CER spectrum on-crest operation of the radio frequency (RF) field. As the phase of the RF field was shifted from the crest, the frequency of the maximum decreased, and the CER spectrum approached a spectrum of Gaussian-distributed electrons in a bunch. It was found that this strange spectrum can be explained by a model in which a satellite pulse exists around a main pulse in the electron bunch. Furthermore, it demonstrated that CER is an effective tool for monitoring the shape of the electron bunch.
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9
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Li W, Qi F, Liu P, Wang Y, Liu Z. Cascaded effect in a high-peak-power terahertz-wave parametric generator. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:178-181. [PMID: 34951912 DOI: 10.1364/ol.441786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate megawatt-level terahertz (THz)-wave generation via a Stokes-seed-injected THz-wave parametric generator and study the cascaded effect. The optical-to-THz conversion efficiency was 1.72 × 10-3, and the peak power was conservatively estimated to be 1.09 MW using the pulse width of the pump. More than 80% of the THz-wave energy came from primary parametric generation, with the rest coming from high-order parametric amplification. Clear cascaded Stokes spots of second to fourth order were observed, and the factors affecting the high-order parametric process are discussed. The cascaded parametric effect is beneficial for achieving a higher optical-to-THz conversion efficiency, thereby improving the performance of high-peak-power THz-wave parametric sources.
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10
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Xu X, Cesar DB, Corde S, Yakimenko V, Hogan MJ, Joshi C, Marinelli A, Mori WB. Generation of Terawatt Attosecond Pulses from Relativistic Transition Radiation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:094801. [PMID: 33750158 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.094801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
When a femtosecond duration and hundreds of kiloampere peak current electron beam traverses the vacuum and high-density plasma interface, a new process, that we call relativistic transition radiation (RTR), generates an intense ∼100 as pulse containing ∼1 terawatt power of coherent vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) radiation accompanied by several smaller femtosecond duration satellite pulses. This pulse inherits the radial polarization of the incident beam field and has a ring intensity distribution. This RTR is emitted when the beam density is comparable to the plasma density and the spot size much larger than the plasma skin depth. Physically, it arises from the return current or backward relativistic motion of electrons starting just inside the plasma that Doppler up shifts the emitted photons. The number of RTR pulses is determined by the number of groups of plasma electrons that originate at different depths within the first plasma wake period and emit coherently before phase mixing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlu Xu
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - David B Cesar
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Sébastien Corde
- LOA, ENSTA Paris, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91762 Palaiseau, France
| | - Vitaly Yakimenko
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Mark J Hogan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Chan Joshi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | | | - Warren B Mori
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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11
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Observation of terahertz coherent edge radiation amplified by infrared free-electron laser oscillations. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3433. [PMID: 33564006 PMCID: PMC7873250 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82898-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A coupling device, which can extract coherent edge radiation (CER) from an optical cavity for a free-electron laser (FEL) without damaging the FEL due to diffraction loss, was developed at Nihon University. We successfully observed the CER beam with a power of 1 mW or more in the terahertz range during FEL oscillation. It is revealed that the CER power changed with the detuning of the optical cavity and the dependence of the CER power on the detuning length differs from that of the FEL power. The measured CER spectra indicate that the longitudinal electron distribution in a bunch is modulated by the FEL oscillation with a period corresponding to the FEL slippage length. We herein report the characteristics of the CER with FEL oscillation in detail. These results demonstrate that the CER is excellent tool to reveal the overall effect of FEL interaction on electron distribution in a bunch.
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12
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Ovchinnikov AV, Chefonov OV, Agranat MB, Fortov VE, Jazbinsek M, Hauri CP. Generation of strong-field spectrally tunable terahertz pulses. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:33921-33936. [PMID: 33182871 DOI: 10.1364/oe.405545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The ideal laser source for nonlinear terahertz spectroscopy offers large versatility delivering both ultra-intense broadband single-cycle pulses and user-selectable multi-cycle pulses at narrow linewidths. Here we show a highly versatile terahertz laser platform providing single-cycle transients with tens of MV/cm peak field as well as spectrally narrow pulses, tunable in bandwidth and central frequency across 5 octaves at several MV/cm field strengths. The compact scheme is based on optical rectification in organic crystals of a temporally modulated laser beam. It allows up to 50 cycles and central frequency tunable from 0.5 to 7 terahertz, with a minimum width of 30 GHz, corresponding to the photon-energy width of ΔE=0.13 meV and the spectroscopic-wavenumber width of Δ(λ-1)=1.1 cm-1. The experimental results are excellently predicted by theoretical modelling. Our table-top source shows similar performances to that of large-scale terahertz facilities but offering in addition more versatility, multi-colour femtosecond pump-probe opportunities and ultralow timing jitter.
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13
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Zhang Z, Fisher AS, Hoffmann MC, Jacobson B, Kirchmann PS, Lee WS, Lindenberg A, Marinelli A, Nanni E, Schoenlein R, Qian M, Sasaki S, Xu J, Huang Z. A high-power, high-repetition-rate THz source for pump-probe experiments at Linac Coherent Light Source II. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2020; 27:890-901. [PMID: 33565997 PMCID: PMC7336180 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577520005147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Experiments using a THz pump and an X-ray probe at an X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) facility like the Linac Coherent Light Source II (LCLS II) require frequency-tunable (3 to 20 THz), narrow bandwidth (∼10%), carrier-envelope-phase-stable THz pulses that produce high fields (>1 MV cm-1) at the repetition rate of the X-rays and are well synchronized with them. In this paper, a two-bunch scheme to generate THz radiation at LCLS II is studied: the first bunch produces THz radiation in an electromagnet wiggler immediately following the LCLS II undulator that produces X-rays from the second bunch. The initial time delay between the two bunches is optimized to compensate for the path difference in THz transport. The two-bunch beam dynamics, the THz wiggler and radiation are described, as well as the transport system bringing the THz pulses from the wiggler to the experimental hall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. Zhang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - A. S. Fisher
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - M. C. Hoffmann
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - B. Jacobson
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - P. S. Kirchmann
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - W.-S. Lee
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - A. Lindenberg
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - A. Marinelli
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - E. Nanni
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - R. Schoenlein
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - M. Qian
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - S. Sasaki
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - J. Xu
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Z. Huang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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14
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Chen M, Deinert JC, Green B, Wang Z, Ilyakov I, Awari N, Bawatna M, Germanskiy S, de Oliveira TVAG, Geloni G, Tanikawa T, Gensch M, Kovalev S. Pulse- and field-resolved THz-diagnostics at 4 t h generation lightsources. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:32360-32369. [PMID: 31684450 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.032360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Multi-color pump-probe techniques utilizing modern accelerator-based 4th generation light sources such as X-ray free electron lasers or superradiant THz facilities have become important science drivers over the past 10 years. In this type of experiments the precise knowledge of the properties of the involved accelerator-based light pulses crucially determines the achievable sensitivity and temporal resolution. In this work we demonstrate and discuss the powerful role pulse- and field-resolved- detection of superradiant THz pulses can play for improving the precision of THz pump - femtosecond laser probe experiments at superradiant THz facilities in particular and at 4th generation light sources in general. The developed diagnostic scheme provides real-time information on the properties of individual pulses from multiple accelerator based THz sources and opens a robust way for sub femtosecond timing. Correlations between amplitude and phase of the pulses emitted from different superradiant THz sources furthermore provide insides into the properties of the driving electron bunches and is of general interest for the ultra-fast diagnostics at 4th generation light sources.
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15
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Yi L, Fülöp T. Coherent Diffraction Radiation of Relativistic Terahertz Pulses from a Laser-Driven Microplasma Waveguide. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:094801. [PMID: 31524442 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.094801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We propose a method to generate isolated relativistic terahertz (THz) pulses using a high-power laser irradiating a microplasma waveguide (MPW). When the laser pulse enters the MPW, high-charge electron bunches are produced and accelerated to ∼100 MeV by the transverse magnetic modes. A substantial part of the electron energy is transferred to THz emission through coherent diffraction radiation as the electron bunches exit the MPW. We demonstrate this process with three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. The frequency of the radiation is determined by the incident laser duration, and the radiated energy is found to be strongly correlated to the charge of the electron bunches, which can be controlled by the laser intensity and microengineering of the MPW target. Our simulations indicate that 100 mJ level relativistic-intense THz pulses with tunable frequency can be generated at existing laser facilities, and the overall efficiency reaches 1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longqing Yi
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tünde Fülöp
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
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16
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Huang R, Zhang H, Li W, He Z, Wang L, Jia Q, Lu Y. Proposition of a femtosecond pulse radiolysis with terahertz probe pulses. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Thiele I, Siminos E, Fülöp T. Electron Beam Driven Generation of Frequency-Tunable Isolated Relativistic Subcycle Pulses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:104803. [PMID: 30932636 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.104803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We propose a novel scheme for frequency-tunable subcycle electromagnetic pulse generation. To this end a pump electron beam is injected into an electromagnetic seed pulse as the latter is reflected by a mirror. The electron beam is shown to be able to amplify the field of the seed pulse while upshifting its central frequency and reducing its number of cycles. We demonstrate the amplification by means of 1D and 2D particle-in-cell simulations. In order to explain and optimize the process, a model based on fluid theory is proposed. We estimate that using currently available electron beams and terahertz pulse sources, our scheme is able to produce millijoule-strong midinfrared subcycle pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Thiele
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - E Siminos
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - T Fülöp
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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18
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Multimillijoule coherent terahertz bursts from picosecond laser-irradiated metal foils. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:3994-3999. [PMID: 30760584 PMCID: PMC6410825 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1815256116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) radiation, with frequencies spanning from 0.1 to 10 THz, has long been the most underdeveloped frequency band in electromagnetic waves, mainly due to the dearth of available high-power THz sources. Although the last decades have seen a surge of electronic and optical techniques for generating intense THz radiation, all THz sources reported until now have failed to produce above-millijoule (mJ) THz pulses. We present a THz source that enables a THz pulse energy up to tens of mJ, by using an intense laser pulse to irradiate a metal foil. Ultrahigh-power terahertz (THz) radiation sources are essential for many applications, for example, THz-wave-based compact accelerators and THz control over matter. However, to date none of the THz sources reported, whether based upon large-scale accelerators or high-power lasers, have produced THz pulses with energies above the millijoule (mJ) level. Here, we report a substantial increase in THz pulse energy, as high as tens of mJ, generated by a high-intensity, picosecond laser pulse irradiating a metal foil. A further up-scaling of THz energy by a factor of ∼4 is observed when introducing preplasmas at the target-rear side. Experimental measurements and theoretical models identify the dominant THz generation mechanism to be coherent transition radiation, induced by the laser-accelerated energetic electron bunch escaping the target. Observation of THz-field-induced carrier multiplication in high-resistivity silicon is presented as a proof-of-concept application demonstration. Such an extremely high THz energy not only triggers various nonlinear dynamics in matter, but also opens up the research era of relativistic THz optics.
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19
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Coherent THz Emission Enhanced by Coherent Synchrotron Radiation Wakefield. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11661. [PMID: 30076346 PMCID: PMC6076281 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30125-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate that emission of coherent transition radiation by a ∼1 GeV energy-electron beam passing through an Al foil is enhanced in intensity and extended in frequency spectral range, by the energy correlation established along the beam by coherent synchrotron radiation wakefield, in the presence of a proper electron optics in the beam delivery system. Analytical and numerical models, based on experimental electron beam parameters collected at the FERMI free electron laser (FEL), predict transition radiation with two intensity peaks at ∼0.3 THz and ∼1.5 THz, and extending up to 8.5 THz with intensity above 20 dB w.r.t. the main peak. Up to 80-µJ pulse energy integrated over the full bandwidth is expected at the source, and in agreement with experimental pulse energy measurements. By virtue of its implementation in an FEL beam dump line, this work promises dissemination of user-oriented multi-THz beamlines parasitic and self-synchronized to EUV and x-ray FELs.
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20
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Mishra PK, Bettaque V, Vendrell O, Santra R, Welsch R. Prospects of Using High-Intensity THz Pulses To Induce Ultrafast Temperature-Jumps in Liquid Water. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:5211-5222. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b00828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kr. Mishra
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestraße 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vincent Bettaque
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Jungiusstraße 9, D-20355 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oriol Vendrell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Robin Santra
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestraße 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Jungiusstraße 9, D-20355 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Welsch
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestraße 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
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21
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Chen M, Kovalev S, Awari N, Wang Z, Germanskiy S, Green B, Deinert JC, Gensch M. Towards femtosecond-level intrinsic laser synchronization at fourth generation light sources. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:2213-2216. [PMID: 29714793 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.002213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, the proof of principle for a scheme providing intrinsic femtosecond-level synchronization between an external laser system and fourth generation light sources is presented. The scheme is applicable at any accelerator-based light source that is based on the generation of coherent radiation from ultrashort electron bunches such as superradiant terahertz (THz) facilities or X-FELs. It makes use of a superradiant THz pulse generated by the accelerator as an intrinsically synchronized gate signal for electro-optical slicing. We demonstrate that the scheme enables a reduction of the timing instability by more than 2 orders of magnitude. This demonstration experiment thereby proves that intrinsically synchronized time-resolved experiments utilizing laser and accelerator-based radiation pulses on few tens of femtosecond (fs) to few fs timescales are feasible.
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22
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Bisesto FG, Castellano M, Chiadroni E, Cianchi A. Zemax simulations describing collective effects in transition and diffraction radiation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:5075-5082. [PMID: 29475349 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.005075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Transition and diffraction radiation from charged particles is commonly used for diagnostics purposes in accelerator facilities as well as THz sources for spectroscopy applications. Therefore, an accurate analysis of the emission process and the transport optics is crucial to properly characterize the source and precisely retrieve beam parameters. In this regard, we have developed a new algorithm, based on Zemax, to simulate both transition and diffraction radiation as generated by relativistic electron bunches, therefore considering collective effects. In particular, unlike other previous works, we take into account electron beam physical size and transverse momentum, reproducing some effects visible on the produced radiation, not observable in a single electron analysis. The simulation results have been compared with two experiments showing an excellent agreement.
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23
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Lu J, Li X, Zhang Y, Hwang HY, Ofori-Okai BK, Nelson KA. Two-Dimensional Spectroscopy at Terahertz Frequencies. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2018; 376:6. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-018-0185-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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24
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Su X, Wang D, Yan L, Tian Q, Liang Y, Niu L, Du Y, Huang W, Tang C. Measurement of pre-bunched beam's longitudinal form factor based on radiation from a tunable-gap undulator. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:013304. [PMID: 29390668 DOI: 10.1063/1.5010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The form factor, representing the statistical characteristics of a bunch's longitudinal distribution, is one of the most essential properties of a pre-bunched electron beam and is used for many types of frontier accelerator applications. We demonstrated the measurement of a pre-bunched beam's longitudinal form factor component based on coherent radiation from a widely tunable-gap undulator. The radiation energy from bunches with different longitudinal properties was measured as a function of undulator gap. The root-mean-square length of a 60 pC ultrashort quasi-Gaussian bunch generated by linac and chicane compression ranged from 75 fs to 240 fs, as obtained by fitting the radiation energy curve. Furthermore, the form factor component of the bunch train based on nonlinear longitudinal space charge oscillation was measured, and a higher-order harmonic component was observed with the proposed method than with the widely used coherent transition radiation method. The proposed method may satisfy the requirements of sub-fs bunch length measurement with proper undulator design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Su
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lixin Yan
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qili Tian
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yifan Liang
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lujia Niu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yingchao Du
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenhui Huang
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chuanxiang Tang
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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25
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Mondal S, Hafez HA, Ropagnol X, Ozaki T. MV/cm terahertz pulses from relativistic laser-plasma interaction characterized by nonlinear terahertz absorption bleaching in n-doped InGaAs. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:17511-17523. [PMID: 28789242 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.017511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a tabletop intense broadband terahertz (THz) source in the medium frequency range (≤ 20 THz) based on the interaction of a high-intensity femtosecond laser with solid targets at relativistic laser intensities. When an unpolished copper target is irradiated with a high-intensity femtosecond laser, a maximum of ~2.2 μJ of THz pulse energy is collected and detected with a calibrated pyroelectric detector. The THz spectrum was measured by using a series of bandpass filters, showing a bandwidth of ~7.8 THz full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) with a peak at ~6 THz. With tight focusing to reach high field strengths, we have demonstrated THz nonlinearity exemplified by THz absorption bleaching in a heavily n-doped InGaAs thin film, which enabled us to estimate the peak electric field of the THz pulses. We simulated the experimentally observed bleaching by employing a THz pulse having a bandwidth similar to that measured in our experiments and a temporal profile recoded in single-shot electro-optic detection. Through the simulations, we estimate a peak electric field associated with the THz pulses to be 2.5 MV/cm.
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26
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Nasari H, Abrishamian MS. Terahertz bistability and multistability in graphene/dielectric Fibonacci multilayer. APPLIED OPTICS 2017; 56:5313-5322. [PMID: 29047485 DOI: 10.1364/ao.56.005313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Here, we benefit from the strong nonlinear response of graphene and the rich variety of resonances provided by a graphene/dielectric Fibonacci multilayer to realize bistability and multistability in the terahertz (THz) frequency range. Toward this pursuit, we employ the nonlinear transfer matrix method. We examine the suitability of resonances in the Fibonacci multilayer for the bi/multistability purposes and determine the proper working point. We report various switching up/down manners via single or stepwise jumps between states of the same or different contrasts upon increasing followed by decreasing the intensity of the incident wave. We show that graphene samples of high quality are preferred for bi/multistable switching in terms of reducing the switch-up/-down thresholds and widening the multistable region. We also explore the possibility of tuning the bi/multistable behavior via the frequency and angle of the incident wave as well as the graphene Fermi level. We envision precious applications in THz switching, realizing logic gates, and so on for this system.
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27
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Nakajima K. Novel efficient THz undulator using a laser-driven wire. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2017; 6:e17063. [PMID: 30167255 PMCID: PMC6062190 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2017.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa Nakajima
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju 61005, Korea
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28
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Thiele I, Nuter R, Bousquet B, Tikhonchuk V, Skupin S, Davoine X, Gremillet L, Bergé L. Theory of terahertz emission from femtosecond-laser-induced microplasmas. Phys Rev E 2017; 94:063202. [PMID: 28085420 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.94.063202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We present a theoretical investigation of terahertz (THz) generation in laser-induced gas plasmas. The work is strongly motivated by recent experimental results on microplasmas, but our general findings are not limited to such a configuration. The electrons and ions are created by tunnel ionization of neutral atoms, and the resulting plasma is heated by collisions. Electrons are driven by electromagnetic, convective, and diffusive sources and produce a macroscopic current which is responsible for THz emission. The model naturally includes both ionization current and transition-Cherenkov mechanisms for THz emission, which are usually investigated separately in the literature. The latter mechanism is shown to dominate for single-color multicycle laser pulses, where the observed THz radiation originates from longitudinal electron currents. However, we find that the often discussed oscillations at the plasma frequency do not contribute to the THz emission spectrum. In order to predict the scaling of the conversion efficiency with pulse energy and focusing conditions, we propose a simplified description that is in excellent agreement with rigorous particle-in-cell simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Thiele
- Univ. Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, UMR 5107, 33405 Talence, France
| | - R Nuter
- Univ. Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, UMR 5107, 33405 Talence, France
| | - B Bousquet
- Univ. Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, UMR 5107, 33405 Talence, France
| | - V Tikhonchuk
- Univ. Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, UMR 5107, 33405 Talence, France
| | - S Skupin
- Univ. Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, UMR 5107, 33405 Talence, France
| | - X Davoine
- CEA, DAM, DIF, 91297 Arpajon, France
| | | | - L Bergé
- CEA, DAM, DIF, 91297 Arpajon, France
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29
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Mondal S, Wei Q, Ding WJ, Hafez HA, Fareed MA, Laramée A, Ropagnol X, Zhang G, Sun S, Sheng ZM, Zhang J, Ozaki T. Aligned copper nanorod arrays for highly efficient generation of intense ultra-broadband THz pulses. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40058. [PMID: 28071764 PMCID: PMC5223118 DOI: 10.1038/srep40058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate an intense broadband terahertz (THz) source based on the interaction of relativistic-intensity femtosecond lasers with aligned copper nanorod array targets. For copper nanorod targets with a length of 5 μm, a maximum 13.8 times enhancement in the THz pulse energy (in ≤20 THz spectral range) is measured as compared to that with a thick plane copper target under the same laser conditions. A further increase in the nanorod length leads to a decrease in the THz pulse energy at medium frequencies (≤20 THz) and increase of the electromagnetic pulse energy in the high-frequency range (from 20–200 THz). For the latter, we measure a maximum energy enhancement of 28 times for the nanorod targets with a length of 60 μm. Particle-in-cell simulations reveal that THz pulses are mostly generated by coherent transition radiation of laser produced hot electrons, which are efficiently enhanced with the use of nanorod targets. Good agreement is found between the simulation and experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mondal
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique - Centre Energie, Matériaux et Télécommunications (INRS-EMT), 1650 Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Q Wei
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique - Centre Energie, Matériaux et Télécommunications (INRS-EMT), 1650 Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - W J Ding
- A*STAR Institute of High Performance Computing, Singapore 138632
| | - H A Hafez
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique - Centre Energie, Matériaux et Télécommunications (INRS-EMT), 1650 Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada.,Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.,Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, 11792, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M A Fareed
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique - Centre Energie, Matériaux et Télécommunications (INRS-EMT), 1650 Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - A Laramée
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique - Centre Energie, Matériaux et Télécommunications (INRS-EMT), 1650 Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - X Ropagnol
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique - Centre Energie, Matériaux et Télécommunications (INRS-EMT), 1650 Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - G Zhang
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique - Centre Energie, Matériaux et Télécommunications (INRS-EMT), 1650 Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - S Sun
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique - Centre Energie, Matériaux et Télécommunications (INRS-EMT), 1650 Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Z M Sheng
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK.,Laboratory for Laser Plasmas and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - J Zhang
- Laboratory for Laser Plasmas and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - T Ozaki
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique - Centre Energie, Matériaux et Télécommunications (INRS-EMT), 1650 Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
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30
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Single-cycle surface plasmon polaritons on a bare metal wire excited by relativistic electrons. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13769. [PMID: 28008908 PMCID: PMC5196230 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) pulses are applied in areas as diverse as materials science, communication and biosensing. Techniques for subwavelength concentration of THz pulses give access to a rapidly growing range of spatial scales and field intensities. Here we experimentally demonstrate a method to generate intense THz pulses on a metal wire, thereby introducing the possibility of wave-guiding and focussing of the full THz pulse energy to subwavelength spotsizes. This enables endoscopic sensing, single-shot subwavelength THz imaging and study of strongly nonlinear THz phenomena. We generate THz surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) by launching electron bunches onto the tip of a bare metal wire. Bunches with 160 pC charge and ≈6 ps duration yield SPPs with 6–10 ps duration and 0.4±0.1 MV m−1 electric field strength on a 1.5 mm diameter aluminium wire. These are the most intense SPPs reported on a wire. The SPPs are shown to propagate around a 90° bend. Here, the authors demonstrate how ultra-short bunches of relativistic electrons produce coherent transition radiation at the tip of a thin wire. The radiation then propagates as a powerful surface plasmon polariton along the wire, illustrating the potential of this technique for terahertz plasmonics.
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31
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Nasari H, Abrishamian MS. Nonlinear terahertz frequency conversion via graphene microribbon array. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:305202. [PMID: 27306039 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/30/305202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
By exploiting the interesting trait of graphene to have electrically tunable first- and third-order conductivities besides its capability to support plasmonic resonances at terahertz frequencies, here, through the nonlinear finite-difference time-domain numerical technique we developed, we demonstrate a noticeable improvement in the conversion efficiency of third-harmonic generation (THG) from a graphene microribbon array by more than five orders of magnitude compared to an infinite graphene sheet, under normal illumination of terahertz waves. As the Fermi level and period length of the ribbon array increase, the transmission obviously manifests a blue shift but denotes a red shift with an increase in ribbon width. The quality factor of resonance (and so the THG efficiency) also shows improvement with an increase in graphene Fermi level, carrier mobility and period length and is degraded by an increase in ribbon width. Generating new frequencies, terahertz signal processing, spectroscopy and so on are among the plethora of valuable potential applications envisioned to be developed based on the findings reported here.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nasari
- Department of Electrical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, 141371419, Iran
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32
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Ding WJ, Sheng ZM. Sub GV/cm terahertz radiation from relativistic laser-solid interactions via coherent transition radiation. Phys Rev E 2016; 93:063204. [PMID: 27415374 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.93.063204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Broadband terahertz (THz) radiation with extremely high peak power, generated by the interaction of a femtosecond laser with a thin solid target, has been investigated via particle-in-cell simulations. The spatial (angular) and temporal profiles of the THz radiation reveal that it is caused by the coherent transition radiation emitted when laser-produced hot electrons pass through the front or rear surface of the target. Dependence of the THz radiation on laser and target parameters is studied; it is shown to have a strong correlation with hot electron production. The THz radiation conversion efficiency can be as high as a few times 10^{-3}. This radiation is not only a potentially high power THz source, but may also be used as a unique diagnostic of hot electron generation and transport in relativistic laser-solid interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Ding
- A*STAR Institute of High Performance Computing, Singapore 138632
| | - Z M Sheng
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom.,Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MoE) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Chen ZY, Pukhov A. Polarization-tunable terahertz radiation in the high-field regime. OPTICS LETTERS 2016; 41:2660-2663. [PMID: 27244439 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.002660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Polarization control of terahertz (THz) pulses in the high-field regime is a challenging subject. Here we propose and numerically demonstrate an all-optical scheme to generate a polarization-tunable high-field THz source based on relativistic laser plasma interactions. By adjusting the polarization state of the driving laser, collective oscillation of the plasmas can be steered. Phase difference between the laser field components is inherited in the plasma dynamics, as well as in the resulting THz generation process. Single-cycle extremely intense THz pulses with field strength ∼ GV/cm can be generated. The THz polarization state can be tuned from linear through elliptical to circular by changing the polarization state of the driving laser.
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Liao GQ, Li YT, Zhang YH, Liu H, Ge XL, Yang S, Wei WQ, Yuan XH, Deng YQ, Zhu BJ, Zhang Z, Wang WM, Sheng ZM, Chen LM, Lu X, Ma JL, Wang X, Zhang J. Demonstration of Coherent Terahertz Transition Radiation from Relativistic Laser-Solid Interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:205003. [PMID: 27258873 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.205003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Coherent transition radiation in the terahertz (THz) region with energies of sub-mJ/pulse has been demonstrated by relativistic laser-driven electron beams crossing the solid-vacuum boundary. Targets including mass-limited foils and layered metal-plastic targets are used to verify the radiation mechanism and characterize the radiation properties. Observations of THz emissions as a function of target parameters agree well with the formation-zone and diffraction model of transition radiation. Particle-in-cell simulations also well reproduce the observed characteristics of THz emissions. The present THz transition radiation enables not only a potential tabletop brilliant THz source, but also a novel noninvasive diagnostic for fast electron generation and transport in laser-plasma interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qian Liao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yu-Tong Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yi-Hang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xu-Lei Ge
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MoE) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Su Yang
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MoE) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wen-Qing Wei
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MoE) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MoE) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yan-Qing Deng
- College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Bao-Jun Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wei-Min Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zheng-Ming Sheng
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MoE) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
- Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Li-Ming Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jing-Long Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MoE) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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35
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High-Field High-Repetition-Rate Sources for the Coherent THz Control of Matter. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22256. [PMID: 26924651 PMCID: PMC4770290 DOI: 10.1038/srep22256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrashort flashes of THz light with low photon energies of a few meV, but strong electric or magnetic field transients have recently been employed to prepare various fascinating nonequilibrium states in matter. Here we present a new class of sources based on superradiant enhancement of radiation from relativistic electron bunches in a compact electron accelerator that we believe will revolutionize experiments in this field. Our prototype source generates high-field THz pulses at unprecedented quasi-continuous-wave repetition rates up to the MHz regime. We demonstrate parameters that exceed state-of-the-art laser-based sources by more than 2 orders of magnitude. The peak fields and the repetition rates are highly scalable and once fully operational this type of sources will routinely provide 1 MV/cm electric fields and 0.3 T magnetic fields at repetition rates of few 100 kHz. We benchmark the unique properties by performing a resonant coherent THz control experiment with few 10 fs resolution.
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36
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Tailoring of Highly Intense THz Radiation Through High Brightness Electron Beams Longitudinal Manipulation. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/app6020056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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37
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Nasari H, Abrishamian MS. Electrically tunable, plasmon resonance enhanced, terahertz third harmonic generation via graphene. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra08086c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate how field enhancement due to plasmonic resonances can noticeably improve the efficiency of third harmonic generation (THG) from graphene sheets on a grating substrate under normal illumination of terahertz (THz) waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Nasari
- Department of Electrical Engineering
- K. N. Toosi University of Technology
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - M. S. Abrishamian
- Department of Electrical Engineering
- K. N. Toosi University of Technology
- Tehran
- Iran
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38
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Murgida GE, Arranz FJ, Borondo F. Quantum control of isomerization by robust navigation in the energy spectrum. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:214305. [PMID: 26646880 DOI: 10.1063/1.4936424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we present a detailed study on the application of the quantum control technique of navigation in the energy spectrum to chemical isomerization processes, namely, CN-Li⇆ Li-CN. This technique is based on the controlled time variation of a Hamiltonian parameter, an external uniform electric field in our case. The main result of our work establishes that the navigation involved in the method is robust, in the sense that quite sizable deviations from a pre-established control parameter time profile can be introduced and still get good final results. This is specially relevant thinking of a experimental implementation of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Murgida
- Centro Atómico Constituyentes, GIyA, CNEA, San Martín, and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, C1033AAJ Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F J Arranz
- Grupo de Sistemas Complejos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - F Borondo
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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39
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LaRue JL, Katayama T, Lindenberg A, Fisher AS, Öström H, Nilsson A, Ogasawara H. THz-Pulse-Induced Selective Catalytic CO Oxidation on Ru. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:036103. [PMID: 26230806 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.036103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the use of intense, quasi-half-cycle THz pulses, with an associated electric field component comparable to intramolecular electric fields, to direct the reaction coordinate of a chemical reaction by stimulating the nuclear motions of the reactants. Using a strong electric field from a THz pulse generated via coherent transition radiation from an ultrashort electron bunch, we present evidence that CO oxidation on Ru(0001) is selectively induced, while not promoting the thermally induced CO desorption process. The reaction is initiated by the motion of the O atoms on the surface driven by the electric field component of the THz pulse, rather than thermal heating of the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry L LaRue
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Tetsuo Katayama
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Aaron Lindenberg
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- SIMES Institute for Materials and Energy Science, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Alan S Fisher
- Accelerator Directorate, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Henrik Öström
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Nilsson
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hirohito Ogasawara
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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40
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Weathersby SP, Brown G, Centurion M, Chase TF, Coffee R, Corbett J, Eichner JP, Frisch JC, Fry AR, Gühr M, Hartmann N, Hast C, Hettel R, Jobe RK, Jongewaard EN, Lewandowski JR, Li RK, Lindenberg AM, Makasyuk I, May JE, McCormick D, Nguyen MN, Reid AH, Shen X, Sokolowski-Tinten K, Vecchione T, Vetter SL, Wu J, Yang J, Dürr HA, Wang XJ. Mega-electron-volt ultrafast electron diffraction at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2015; 86:073702. [PMID: 26233391 DOI: 10.1063/1.4926994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast electron probes are powerful tools, complementary to x-ray free-electron lasers, used to study structural dynamics in material, chemical, and biological sciences. High brightness, relativistic electron beams with femtosecond pulse duration can resolve details of the dynamic processes on atomic time and length scales. SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory recently launched the Ultrafast Electron Diffraction (UED) and microscopy Initiative aiming at developing the next generation ultrafast electron scattering instruments. As the first stage of the Initiative, a mega-electron-volt (MeV) UED system has been constructed and commissioned to serve ultrafast science experiments and instrumentation development. The system operates at 120-Hz repetition rate with outstanding performance. In this paper, we report on the SLAC MeV UED system and its performance, including the reciprocal space resolution, temporal resolution, and machine stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Weathersby
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - G Brown
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Centurion
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 855 N 16th Street, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - T F Chase
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R Coffee
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J Corbett
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J P Eichner
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J C Frisch
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - A R Fry
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Gühr
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - N Hartmann
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - C Hast
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R Hettel
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R K Jobe
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - E N Jongewaard
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J R Lewandowski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R K Li
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - A M Lindenberg
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - I Makasyuk
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J E May
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - D McCormick
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M N Nguyen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - A H Reid
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - X Shen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | | | - T Vecchione
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S L Vetter
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J Wu
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J Yang
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 855 N 16th Street, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - H A Dürr
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - X J Wang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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41
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Spectrally intense terahertz source based on triangular Selenium. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8059. [PMID: 25622750 PMCID: PMC4307012 DOI: 10.1038/srep08059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The intensity of a nonlinear terahertz (THz) source is primarily given by its spectral density. In this letter, we introduce triangular Selinium (Se) as a novel THz emitter and show numerically its superior properties to the currently used crystals for intense THz generation. The excellent phase matching enables the applicability of elongated Se crystals which results in very high spectral flatness and broad THz bandwidth (0.5–3.5 THz), high conversion efficiency and THz pulse energy.The spectral THz density produced by optical rectification in Selenium exceeds those from contemporary crystal-based THz sources.
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42
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Shalaby M, Hauri CP. Demonstration of a low-frequency three-dimensional terahertz bullet with extreme brightness. Nat Commun 2015; 6:5976. [PMID: 25591665 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The brightness of a light source defines its applicability to nonlinear phenomena in science. Bright low-frequency terahertz (<5 THz) radiation confined to a diffraction-limited spot size is a present hurdle because of the broad bandwidth and long wavelengths associated with terahertz (THz) pulses and because of the lack of THz wavefront correctors. Here using a present-technology system, we employ a wavefront manipulation concept with focusing optimization leading to spatio-temporal confinement of THz energy at its physical limits to the least possible three-dimensional light bullet volume of wavelength-cubic. Our scheme relies on finding the optimum settings of pump wavefront curvature and post generation beam divergence. This leads to a regime of extremely bright PW m(-2) level THz radiation with peak fields up to 8.3 GV m(-1) and 27.7 T surpassing by far any other system. The presented results are foreseen to have a great impact on nonlinear THz applications in different science disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Shalaby
- Paul Scherrer Institute, SwissFEL, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Christoph P Hauri
- 1] Paul Scherrer Institute, SwissFEL, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland [2] Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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43
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Goodfellow J, Fuchs M, Daranciang D, Ghimire S, Chen F, Loos H, Reis DA, Fisher AS, Lindenberg AM. Below gap optical absorption in GaAs driven by intense, single-cycle coherent transition radiation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:17423-17429. [PMID: 25090555 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.017423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Single-cycle terahertz fields generated by coherent transition radiation from a relativistic electron beam are used to study the high field optical response of single crystal GaAs. Large amplitude changes in the sub-band-gap optical absorption are induced and probed dynamically by measuring the absorption of a broad-band optical beam generated by transition radiation from the same electron bunch, providing an absolutely synchronized pump and probe geometry. This modification of the optical properties is consistent with strong-field-induced electroabsorption. These processes are pertinent to a wide range of nonlinear terahertz-driven light-matter interactions anticipated at accelerator-based sources.
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44
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Vafaei-Najafabadi N, Marsh KA, Clayton CE, An W, Mori WB, Joshi C, Lu W, Adli E, Corde S, Litos M, Li S, Gessner S, Frederico J, Fisher AS, Wu Z, Walz D, England RJ, Delahaye JP, Clarke CI, Hogan MJ, Muggli P. Beam loading by distributed injection of electrons in a plasma wakefield accelerator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:025001. [PMID: 24484020 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.025001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We show through experiments and supporting simulations that propagation of a highly relativistic and dense electron bunch through a plasma can lead to distributed injection of electrons, which depletes the accelerating field, i.e., beam loads the wake. The source of the injected electrons is ionization of the second electron of rubidium (Rb II) within the wake. This injection of excess charge is large enough to severely beam load the wake, and thereby reduce the transformer ratio T. The reduction of the average T with increasing beam loading is quantified for the first time by measuring the ratio of peak energy gain and loss of electrons while changing the beam emittance. Simulations show that beam loading by Rb II electrons contributes to the reduction of the peak accelerating field from its weakly loaded value of 43 GV/m to a strongly loaded value of 26 GV/m.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Vafaei-Najafabadi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - K A Marsh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - C E Clayton
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - W An
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - W B Mori
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA and Department of Physics and astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | | | - W Lu
- Department of Physics and astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA and Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - E Adli
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA and Department of Physics, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - S Corde
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Litos
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Li
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Gessner
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J Frederico
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - A S Fisher
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Z Wu
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - D Walz
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R J England
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J P Delahaye
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - C I Clarke
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M J Hogan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - P Muggli
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany
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45
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Antipov S, Jing C, Schoessow P, Kanareykin A, Yakimenko V, Zholents A, Gai W. High power terahertz radiation source based on electron beam wakefields. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2013; 84:022706. [PMID: 23464188 DOI: 10.1063/1.4790432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A table top device for producing high peak power (tens of megawatts to a gigawatt) T-ray beams is described. An electron beam with a rectangular longitudinal profile is produced out of a photoinjector via stacking of the laser pulses. The beam is also run off-crest of the photoinjector rf to develop an energy chirp. After passing through a dielectric loaded waveguide, the beam's energy becomes modulated by its self-wake. In a chicane beamline following the dielectric energy-bunching section this energy modulation is converted to a density modulation-a bunch train. The density modulated beam can be sent through a power extraction section, like a dielectric loaded accelerating structure, or simply can intercept a foil target, producing THz radiation of various bandwidths and power levels.
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