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Choo JJY, McMillan CLD, Young PR, Muller DA. Microarray patches: scratching the surface of vaccine delivery. Expert Rev Vaccines 2023; 22:937-955. [PMID: 37846657 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2023.2270598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Microneedles are emerging as a promising technology for vaccine delivery, with numerous advantages over traditional needle and syringe methods. Preclinical studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of MAPs in inducing robust immune responses over traditional needle and syringe methods, with extensive studies using vaccines targeted against different pathogens in various animal models. Critically, the clinical trials have demonstrated safety, immunogenicity, and patient acceptance for MAP-based vaccines against influenza, measles, rubella, and SARS-CoV-2. AREAS COVERED This review provides a comprehensive overview of the different types of microarray patches (MAPs) and analyses of their applications in preclinical and clinical vaccine delivery settings. This review also covers additional considerations for microneedle-based vaccination, including adjuvants that are compatible with MAPs, patient safety and factors for global vaccination campaigns. EXPERT OPINION MAP vaccine delivery can potentially be a game-changer for vaccine distribution and coverage in both high-income and low- and middle-income countries. For MAPs to reach this full potential, many critical hurdles must be overcome, such as large-scale production, regulatory compliance, and adoption by global health authorities. However, given the considerable strides made in recent years by MAP developers, it may be possible to see the first MAP-based vaccines in use within the next 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovin J Y Choo
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Christopher L D McMillan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul R Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David A Muller
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Ju J, Li L, Regmi S, Zhang X, Tang S. Microneedle-Based Glucose Sensor Platform: From Vitro to Wearable Point-of-Care Testing Systems. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12080606. [PMID: 36005002 PMCID: PMC9405967 DOI: 10.3390/bios12080606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Significant advanced have recently been made in exploiting microneedle-based (MN-based) diabetes devices for minimally invasive wearable biosensors and for continuous glucose monitoring. Within this emerging class of skin-worn MN-based sensors, the ISF can be utilized as a rich biomarker source to diagnose diabetes. While initial work of MN devices focused on ISF extraction, the recent research trend has been oriented toward developing in vivo glucose sensors coupled with optical or electrochemical (EC) instrumentation. This outlook highlights the essential characteristics of the sensing mechanisms, rational design, sensing properties, and applications. Finally, we describe the opinions about the challenge and prospects of optical and EC MN-based device platforms for the fabrication of wearable biosensors and their application potential in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ju
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China
- Oujiang Lab, Wenzhou 325001, China
- Correspondence: (J.J.); (S.T.)
| | - Lin Li
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Sagar Regmi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China
| | - Shixing Tang
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Correspondence: (J.J.); (S.T.)
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3
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Cho YH, Park YG, Kim S, Park JU. 3D Electrodes for Bioelectronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005805. [PMID: 34013548 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent studies related to bioelectronics, significant efforts have been made to form 3D electrodes to increase the effective surface area or to optimize the transfer of signals at tissue-electrode interfaces. Although bioelectronic devices with 2D and flat electrode structures have been used extensively for monitoring biological signals, these 2D planar electrodes have made it difficult to form biocompatible and uniform interfaces with nonplanar and soft biological systems (at the cellular or tissue levels). Especially, recent biomedical applications have been expanding rapidly toward 3D organoids and the deep tissues of living animals, and 3D bioelectrodes are getting significant attention because they can reach the deep regions of various 3D tissues. An overview of recent studies on 3D bioelectronic devices, such as the use of electrical stimulations and the recording of neural signals from biological subjects, is presented. Subsequently, the recent developments in materials and fabrication processing to 3D micro- and nanostructures are introduced, followed by broad applications of these 3D bioelectronic devices at various in vitro and in vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo Han Cho
- Nano Science Technology Institute, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Geun Park
- Nano Science Technology Institute, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumin Kim
- Nano Science Technology Institute, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Ung Park
- Nano Science Technology Institute, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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Haroun A, Le X, Gao S, Dong B, He T, Zhang Z, Wen F, Xu S, Lee C. Progress in micro/nano sensors and nanoenergy for future AIoT-based smart home applications. NANO EXPRESS 2021. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/abf3d4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Self-sustainable sensing systems composed of micro/nano sensors and nano-energy harvesters contribute significantly to developing the internet of things (IoT) systems. As one of the most promising IoT applications, smart home relies on implementing wireless sensor networks with miniaturized and multi-functional sensors, and distributed, reliable, and sustainable power sources, namely energy harvesters with a variety of conversion mechanisms. To extend the capabilities of IoT in the smart home, a technology fusion of IoT and artificial intelligence (AI), called the artificial intelligence of things (AIoT), enables the detection, analysis, and decision-making functions with the aids of machine learning assisted algorithms to form a smart home based intelligent system. In this review, we introduce the conventional rigid microelectromechanical system (MEMS) based micro/nano sensors and energy harvesters, followed by presenting the advances in the wearable counterparts for better human interactions. We then discuss the viable integration approaches for micro/nano sensors and energy harvesters to form self-sustainable IoT systems. Whereafter, we emphasize the recent development of AIoT based systems and the corresponding applications enabled by the machine learning algorithms. Smart home based healthcare technology enabled by the integrated multi-functional sensing platform and bioelectronic medicine is also presented as an important future direction, as well as wearable photonics sensing system as a complement to the wearable electronics sensing system.
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Korkmaz E, Balmert SC, Carey CD, Erdos G, Falo LD. Emerging skin-targeted drug delivery strategies to engineer immunity: A focus on infectious diseases. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 18:151-167. [PMID: 32924651 PMCID: PMC9355143 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1823964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infectious pathogens are global disrupters. Progress in biomedical science and technology has expanded the public health arsenal against infectious diseases. Specifically, vaccination has reduced the burden of infectious pathogens. Engineering systemic immunity by harnessing the cutaneous immune network has been particularly attractive since the skin is an easily accessible immune-responsive organ. Recent advances in skin-targeted drug delivery strategies have enabled safe, patient-friendly, and controlled deployment of vaccines to cutaneous microenvironments for inducing long-lived pathogen-specific immunity to mitigate infectious diseases, including COVID-19. AREAS COVERED This review briefly discusses the basics of cutaneous immunomodulation and provides a concise overview of emerging skin-targeted drug delivery systems that enable safe, minimally invasive, and effective intracutaneous administration of vaccines for engineering systemic immune responses to combat infectious diseases. EXPERT OPINION In-situ engineering of the cutaneous microenvironment using emerging skin-targeted vaccine delivery systems offers remarkable potential to develop diverse immunization strategies against pathogens. Mechanistic studies with standard correlates of vaccine efficacy will be important to compare innovative intracutaneous drug delivery strategies to each other and to existing clinical approaches. Cost-benefit analyses will be necessary for developing effective commercialization strategies. Significant involvement of industry and/or government will be imperative for successfully bringing novel skin-targeted vaccine delivery methods to market for their widespread use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrullah Korkmaz
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stephen C. Balmert
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Cara Donahue Carey
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Geza Erdos
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Louis D. Falo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,The McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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7
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Ji S, Yang L, Hu Y, Ni J, Du W, Li J, Zhao G, Wu D, Chu J. Dimension-Controllable Microtube Arrays by Dynamic Holographic Processing as 3D Yeast Culture Scaffolds for Asymmetrical Growth Regulation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1701190. [PMID: 28696538 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201701190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Transparent microtubes can function as unique cell culture scaffolds, because the tubular 3D microenvironment they provide is very similar to the narrow space of capillaries in vivo. However, how to realize the fabrication of microtube-arrays with variable cross-section dynamically remains challenging. Here, a dynamic holographic processing method for producing high aspect ratio (≈20) microtubes with tunable outside diameter (6-16 µm) and inside diameter (1-10 µm) as yeast culture scaffolds is reported. A ring-structure Bessel beam is modulated from a typical Gaussian-distributed femtosecond laser beam by a spatial light modulator. By combining the axial scanning of the focused beam and the dynamic display of holograms, dimension-controllable microtube arrays (straight, conical, and drum-shape) are rapidly produced by two-photon polymerization. The outside and inside diameters, tube heights, and spatial arrangements are readily tuned by loading different computer-generated holograms and changing the processing parameters. The transparent microtube array as a nontrivial tool for capturing and culturing the budding yeasts reveals the significant effect of tube diameter on budding characteristics. In particular, the conical tube with the inside diameter varying from 5 to 10 µm has remarkable asymmetrical regulation on the growth trend of captured yeasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyun Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Liang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Yanlei Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
- Department of Precision Machinery and Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Jincheng Ni
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Wenqiang Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Jiawen Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Dong Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
- Department of Precision Machinery and Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Jiaru Chu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
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8
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Lin YH, Lee IC, Hsu WC, Hsu CH, Chang KP, Gao SS. Rapid fabrication method of a microneedle mold with controllable needle height and width. Biomed Microdevices 2017; 18:85. [PMID: 27565822 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-016-0113-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The main issue of transdermal drug delivery is that macromolecular drugs cannot diffuse through the stratum corneum of skin. Many studies have pursued micro-sized needles encapsulated with drugs to overcome this problem, as these needles can pierce the stratum corneum and allow drugs to enter the circulatory system of the human body. However, most microneedle fabrication processes are time-consuming and require expensive equipment. In this study, we demonstrate a rapid method for fabricating a microneedle mold using drawing lithography and a UV-cured resin. The mold was filled with a water-soluble material, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), which was then demolded to produce a water-soluble microneedle array. The results of an in vitro skin insertion test using PVP microneedles and pig ear skin demonstrated the feasibility of the microneedle mold. In addition, by controlling the viscosity of the UV-cured resin through various heat treatments, microneedles with different heights and aspect ratios were produced. Compared with other methods, this technology significantly simplifies and accelerates the mold fabrication process. In addition, the required equipment is relatively simple and inexpensive. Through this technology, we can rapidly fabricate microneedle molds with controllable dimensions for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Heng Lin
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Medical Mechatronics, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan. .,Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.
| | - I-Chi Lee
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chieh Hsu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hong Hsu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Ping Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Syuan Gao
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
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Leone M, Mönkäre J, Bouwstra JA, Kersten G. Dissolving Microneedle Patches for Dermal Vaccination. Pharm Res 2017; 34:2223-2240. [PMID: 28718050 PMCID: PMC5643353 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2223-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The dermal route is an attractive route for vaccine delivery due to the easy skin accessibility and a dense network of immune cells in the skin. The development of microneedles is crucial to take advantage of the skin immunization and simultaneously to overcome problems related to vaccination by conventional needles (e.g. pain, needle-stick injuries or needle re-use). This review focuses on dissolving microneedles that after penetration into the skin dissolve releasing the encapsulated antigen. The microneedle patch fabrication techniques and their challenges are discussed as well as the microneedle characterization methods and antigen stability aspects. The immunogenicity of antigens formulated in dissolving microneedles are addressed. Finally, the early clinical development is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Leone
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - J Mönkäre
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - J A Bouwstra
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - G Kersten
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Analytical Development and Formulation, Intravacc, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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Yang L, Ji S, Xie K, Du W, Liu B, Hu Y, Li J, Zhao G, Wu D, Huang W, Liu S, Jiang H, Chu J. High efficiency fabrication of complex microtube arrays by scanning focused femtosecond laser Bessel beam for trapping/releasing biological cells. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:8144-8157. [PMID: 28380921 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.008144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a focused femtosecond laser Bessel beam scanning technique for the rapid fabrication of large-area 3D complex microtube arrays. The femtosecond laser beam is converted into several Bessel beams by two-dimensional phase modulation using a spatial light modulator. By scanning the focused Bessel beam along a designed route, microtubes with variable size and flexible geometry are rapidly fabricated by two-photon polymerization. The fabrication time is reduced by two orders of magnitude in comparison with conventional point-to-point scanning. Moreover, we construct an effective microoperating system for single cell manipulation using microtube arrays, and demonstrate its use in the capture, transfer, and release of embryonic fibroblast mouse cells as well as human breast cancer cells. The new fabrication strategy provides a novel method for the rapid fabrication of functional devices using a flexibly tailored laser beam.
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Wang H, Pastorin G, Lee C. Toward Self-Powered Wearable Adhesive Skin Patch with Bendable Microneedle Array for Transdermal Drug Delivery. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2016; 3:1500441. [PMID: 27711262 PMCID: PMC5039970 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201500441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A wearable adhesive skin patch for transdermal drug delivery is developed with bendable microneedles, dry adhesive and triboelectric energy harvester (TEH). The bendable microneedle array can overcome the needle breakage issue. The dry adhesive can realize a conformal attachment. The TEH can generate power when attached on flat skin or joint to power active components to be integrated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringNational University of Singapore4 Engineering Drive 3Singapore117576Singapore
- Center for Sensors and MEMSNational University of Singapore4 Engineering Drive 3Singapore117576Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SiNAPSE)National University of Singapore28 Medical Drive, #05‐CORSingapore117456Singapore
- NUS Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI)Suzhou Industrial ParkSuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Giorgia Pastorin
- Pharmacy Department National University of SingaporeSingapore117543Singapore
- NanoCoreFaculty of EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117576Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and EngineeringCentre for Life Sciences (CeLS)Singapore117456Singapore
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringNational University of Singapore4 Engineering Drive 3Singapore117576Singapore
- Center for Sensors and MEMSNational University of Singapore4 Engineering Drive 3Singapore117576Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SiNAPSE)National University of Singapore28 Medical Drive, #05‐CORSingapore117456Singapore
- NUS Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI)Suzhou Industrial ParkSuzhou215123P. R. China
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12
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Zhou P, Zhou L, Zhu C, Guo Q, Pan G, Yang H, Cui W, Li B. Nanogel-electrospinning for controlling the release of water-soluble drugs. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:2171-2178. [PMID: 32263184 DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00023a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Application of electrospun fibers for the purpose of loading and controlled release of water-soluble drugs remains a challenge due to their low carrying effect as well as quick and unstable drug release. In this study, we have developed a novel nanogel-electrospinning technology through which more stable loading and prolonged release of water-soluble drugs was achieved. In brief, nanogel particles synthesized from a chloroquine (CQ)-loaded bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution were prepared and then combined with genipin, a crosslinking agent. The nanogel solution was then crosslinked to prepare an electrospinning solution with an inner mesh structure. Finally, the microfibrous membranes were fabricated by electrospinning the solution. Uniform BSA nanogel particles were wrapped in the fiber membrane and the number of particles increased with the increase of BSA and genipin concentrations. In addition to being loaded within the BSA nanogel particles, CQ was distributed in the fibers as well, which could be clearly identified using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). The physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of nanogel-electrospun microfibers were similar to those of microfibers formed through a conventional electrospinning approach. The drug release tests indicated that with the same number of BSA nanogel particles, increased CQ loading resulted in increased initial release of the same. The duration of a single drug release cycle lasted up to 40 days. In conclusion, findings from this study have indicated that nanogel-electrospinning is a convenient and effective technology to achieve controlled long-term release of water-soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinghui Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P. R. China.
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Xiang Z, Liu J, Lee C. A flexible three-dimensional electrode mesh: An enabling technology for wireless brain-computer interface prostheses. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2016; 2:16012. [PMID: 31057819 PMCID: PMC6444742 DOI: 10.1038/micronano.2016.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The neural interface is a key component in wireless brain-computer prostheses. In this study, we demonstrate that a unique three-dimensional (3D) microneedle electrode on a flexible mesh substrate, which can be fabricated without complicated micromachining techniques, is conformal to the tissues with minimal invasiveness. Furthermore, we demonstrate that it can be applied to different functional layers in the nervous system without length limitation. The microneedle electrode is fabricated using drawing lithography technology from biocompatible materials. In this approach, the profile of a 3D microneedle electrode array is determined by the design of a two-dimensional (2D) pattern on the mask, which can be used to access different functional layers in different locations of the brain. Due to the sufficient stiffness of the electrode and the excellent flexibility of the mesh substrate, the electrode can penetrate into the tissue with its bottom layer fully conformal to the curved brain surface. Then, the exposed contact at the end of the microneedle electrode can successfully acquire neural signals from the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuolin Xiang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, #05-COR, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- NUS Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jingquan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Department of Micro/NanoElectronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, #05-COR, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- NUS Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
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Lee FW, Hung WH, Ma CW, Yang YJ. Polymer-based disposable microneedle array with insertion assisted by vibrating motion. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:011905. [PMID: 26858811 PMCID: PMC4723397 DOI: 10.1063/1.4939948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a disposable polymer-based microneedle array that carries out insertions by mimicking the vibrating motion of a mosquito's proboscis. The proposed device, which comprises a 10:1 high-aspect-ratio parylene microneedle array and a chamber structure, was monolithically realized using a novel fabrication process. The vibrating motion of the microneedles was generated using a piezoelectric actuator. This device can be potentially applied to extract and collect blood by puncturing the dermis layer of human skin. The fabricated device is advantageous because of its biocompatibility, simple fabrication process, and low associated costs. Additionally, the graph of the measured extraction flow rate versus the pressure drop that is presented shows an agreement with the results predicted by analytical models. A 40% reduction of insertion force was demonstrated when the microneedle insertion was assisted by actuator-induced vibratory motions. Buckling analyses for estimating the maximum loads that the microneedle can sustain before failure occurs were also evaluated. Finally, the relationship between the insertion force and the vibration frequency was demonstrated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- F-W Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - W-H Hung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - C-W Ma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Y-J Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Yi Y, Zaher A, Yassine O, Kosel J, Foulds IG. A remotely operated drug delivery system with an electrolytic pump and a thermo-responsive valve. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2015; 9:052608. [PMID: 26339328 PMCID: PMC4514716 DOI: 10.1063/1.4927436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Implantable drug delivery devices are becoming attractive due to their abilities of targeted and controlled dose release. Currently, two important issues are functional lifetime and non-controlled drug diffusion. In this work, we present a drug delivery device combining an electrolytic pump and a thermo-responsive valve, which are both remotely controlled by an electromagnetic field (40.5 mT and 450 kHz). Our proposed device exhibits a novel operation mechanism for long-term therapeutic treatments using a solid drug in reservoir approach. Our device also prevents undesired drug liquid diffusions. When the electromagnetic field is on, the electrolysis-induced bubble drives the drug liquid towards the Poly (N-Isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) valve that consists of PNIPAM and iron micro-particles. The heat generated by the iron micro-particles causes the PNIPAM to shrink, resulting in an open valve. When the electromagnetic field is turned off, the PNIPAM starts to swell. In the meantime, the bubbles are catalytically recombined into water, reducing the pressure inside the pumping chamber, which leads to the refilling of the fresh liquid from outside the device. A catalytic reformer is included, allowing more liquid refilling during the limited valve's closing time. The amount of body liquid that refills the drug reservoir can further dissolve the solid drug, forming a reproducible drug solution for the next dose. By repeatedly turning on and off the electromagnetic field, the drug dose can be cyclically released, and the exit port of the device is effectively controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yi
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia (UBC) , Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Amir Zaher
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia (UBC) , Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Omar Yassine
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jurgen Kosel
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Development of cup shaped microneedle array for transdermal drug delivery. Biointerphases 2015; 10:021008. [PMID: 25956180 DOI: 10.1116/1.4919779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microneedle technology is one of the attractive methods in transdermal drug delivery. However, the clinical applications of this method are limited owing to: complexity in the preparation of multiple coating solutions, drug leakage while inserting the microneedles into the skin and the outer walls of the solid microneedle can hold limited quantity of drug. Here, the authors present the fabrication of an array of rectangular cup shaped silicon microneedles, which provide for reduced drug leakage resulting in improvement of efficiency of drug delivery and possibility of introducing multiple drugs. The fabricated solid microneedles with rectangular cup shaped tip have a total height of 200 μm. These cup shaped tips have dimensions: 60 × 60 μm (length × breadth) with a depth of 60 μm. The cups are filled with drug using a novel in-house built drop coating system. Successful drug dissolution was observed when the coated microneedle was used on mice. Also, using the above method, it is possible to fill the cups selectively with different drugs, which enables simultaneous multiple drug delivery.
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17
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Xiang Z, Yen SC, Sheshadri S, Xue N, Lee SH, Wang J, Thakor NV, Lee C. Flexible and self-adaptive neural ribbon with three-dimensional electrodes for sciatic nerve recording. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2015; 2015:3157-3160. [PMID: 26736962 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2015.7319062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Various peripheral nerve interfaces have been developed in the last decades and transferred into neuroscientific researches or clinical applications. In this study, we present a novel flexible neural ribbon electrode that can achieve self-adaption to nerves in various diameters and have three dimensional (3D) contacts. Impedance spectroscopy of the neural ribbon electrode was carried out to determine its electrochemical characteristics during the recording. The recording capability of the neural ribbon on sciatic nerves with different diameter was demonstrated by successful signal acquisitions.
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Arscott S. SU-8 as a material for lab-on-a-chip-based mass spectrometry. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:3668-3689. [PMID: 25029537 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00617h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This short review focuses on the application of SU-8 for the microchip-based approach to the miniaturization of mass spectrometry. Chip-based mass spectrometry will make the technology commonplace and bring benefits such as lower costs and autonomy. The chip-based miniaturization of mass spectrometry necessitates the use of new materials which are compatible with top-down fabrication involving both planar and non-planar processes. In this context, SU-8 is a very versatile epoxy-based, negative tone resist which is sensitive to ultraviolet radiation, X-rays and electron beam exposure. It has a very wide thickness range, from nanometres to millimetres, enabling the formation of mechanically rigid, very high aspect ratio, vertical, narrow width structures required to form microfluidic slots and channels for laboratory-on-a-chip design. It is also relatively chemically resistant and biologically compatible in terms of the liquid solutions used for mass spectrometry. This review looks at the impact and potential of SU-8 on the different parts of chip-based mass spectrometry - pre-treatment, ionization processes, and ion sorting and detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Arscott
- Institut d'Electronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN), CNRS UMR8520, The University of Lille, Cité Scientifique, Avenue Poincaré, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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Xiang Z, Wang H, Pant A, Pastorin G, Lee C. Development of vertical SU-8 microneedles for transdermal drug delivery by double drawing lithography technology. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2013; 7:66501. [PMID: 24396551 PMCID: PMC3869848 DOI: 10.1063/1.4843475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Polymer-based microneedles have drawn much attention in transdermal drug delivery resulting from their flexibility and biocompatibility. Traditional fabrication approaches are usually time-consuming and expensive. In this study, we developed a new double drawing lithography technology to make biocompatible SU-8 microneedles for transdermal drug delivery applications. These microneedles are strong enough to stand force from both vertical direction and planar direction during penetration. They can be used to penetrate into the skin easily and deliver drugs to the tissues under it. By controlling the delivery speed lower than 2 μl/min per single microneedle, the delivery rate can be as high as 71%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuolin Xiang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, Singapore 117576 ; Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 24, Singapore, Singapore 117543
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, Singapore 117576
| | - Aakanksha Pant
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 24, Singapore, Singapore 117543
| | - Giorgia Pastorin
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 24, Singapore, Singapore 117543
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, Singapore 117576
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