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Yang S, Wei T, Jin F. When metal clusters meet carbon cages: endohedral clusterfullerenes. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:5005-5058. [PMID: 28681052 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00498a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Fullerenes have the characteristic of a hollow interior, and this unique feature triggers intuitive inspiration to entrap atoms, ions or clusters inside the carbon cage in the form of endohedral fullerenes. In particular, upon entrapping an otherwise unstable metal cluster into a carbon cage, the so-called endohedral clusterfullerenes fulfil the mutual stabilization of the inner metal cluster and the outer fullerene cage with a specific isomeric structure which is often unstable as an empty fullerene. A variety of metal clusters have been reported to form endohedral clusterfullerenes, including metal nitrides, carbides, oxides, sulfides, cyanides and so on, making endohedral clusterfullerenes the most variable and intriguing branch of endohedral fullerenes. In this review article, we present an exhaustive review on all types of endohedral clusterfullerenes reported to date, including their discoveries, syntheses, separations, molecular structures and properties as well as their potential applications in versatile fields such as biomedicine, energy conversion, and so on. At the end, we present an outlook on the prospect of endohedral clusterfullerenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, China.
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Adjizian JJ, Vlandas A, Rio J, Charlier JC, Ewels CP. Ab initio infrared vibrational modes for neutral and charged small fullerenes (C20, C24, C26, C28, C30 and C60). PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2016; 374:rsta.2015.0323. [PMID: 27501975 PMCID: PMC4978747 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2015.0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We calculate the infrared (IR) absorption spectra using DFT B3LYP(6-311G) for a range of small closed-cage fullerenes, Cn, n=20, 24, 26, 28, 30 and 60, in both neutral and multiple positive and negative charge states. The results are of use, notably, for direct comparison with observed IR absorption in the interstellar medium. Frequencies fall typically into two ranges, with C-C stretch modes around 1100-1500 cm(-1) (6.7-9.1 μm) and fullerene-specific radial motion associated with under-coordinated carbon at pentagonal sites in the range 600-800 cm(-1) (12.5-16.7 μm). Notably, negatively charged fullerenes show significantly stronger absorption intensities than neutral species. The results suggest that small cage fullerenes, and notably metallic endofullerenes, may be responsible for many of the unassigned interstellar IR spectral lines.This article is part of the themed issue 'Fullerenes: past, present and future, celebrating the 30th anniversary of Buckminster Fullerene'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Joseph Adjizian
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Chemin des Étoiles 8, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Alexis Vlandas
- BioMEMS, Université Lille, CNRS, ISEN, UMR 8520-IEMN, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Jeremy Rio
- Institut des Materiaux Jean Rouxel, CNRS, University of Nantes, UMR6502, 2 Rue de la Houssiniere, BP32229, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Charlier
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Chemin des Étoiles 8, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Chris P Ewels
- Institut des Materiaux Jean Rouxel, CNRS, University of Nantes, UMR6502, 2 Rue de la Houssiniere, BP32229, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
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Guo YJ, Zhao X, Zhao P, Yang T. Theoretical Insight into Sc2O@C84: Interplay between Small Cluster and Large Carbon Cage. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:10428-39. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b07336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tao Yang
- Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Popov
- Department of Electrochemistry and Conducting Polymers, Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden , D-01171 Dresden, Germany
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Zheng H, Zhao X, Wang WW, Yang T, Nagase S. Sc2@C70 rather than Sc2C2@C68: Density functional theory characterization of metallofullerene Sc2C70. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:014308. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4731343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Mamone S, Chen JYC, Bhattacharyya R, Levitt MH, Lawler RG, Horsewill AJ, Rõõm T, Bačić Z, Turro NJ. Theory and spectroscopy of an incarcerated quantum rotor: The infrared spectroscopy, inelastic neutron scattering and nuclear magnetic resonance of H2@C60 at cryogenic temperature. Coord Chem Rev 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2010.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Dunsch L, Yang S, Zhang L, Svitova A, Oswald S, Popov AA. Metal sulfide in a C82 fullerene cage: a new form of endohedral clusterfullerenes. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:5413-21. [PMID: 20345137 DOI: 10.1021/ja909580j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The row of endohedral fullerenes is extended by a new type of sulfur-containing clusterfullerenes: the metal sulfide (M(2)S) has been stabilized within a fullerene cage for the first time. The new sulfur-containing clusterfullerenes M(2)S@C(82)-C(3v)(8) have been isolated for a variety of metals (M = Sc, Y, Dy, and Lu). The UV-vis-NIR, electrochemical, and FTIR spectroscopic characterization and extended DFT calculations point to a close similarity of the M(2)S@C(82) cage isomeric and electronic structure to that of the carbide clusterfullerenes M(2)C(2)@C(2n). The bonding in M(2)S@C(82) is studied in detail by molecular orbital analysis as well as with the use of quantum theory of atom-in-molecules (QTAIM) and electron localization function (ELF) approaches. The metal sulfide cluster formally transfers four electrons to the carbon cage, and metal-sulfur and metal-carbon cage bonds with a high degree of covalency are formed. Molecular dynamics simulations show that Sc(2)S cluster exhibits an almost free rotation around the C(3) axis of the carbon cage, resulting thus in a single line (45)Sc NMR spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lothar Dunsch
- Department of Electrochemistry and Conducting Polymers and Institute of Complex Materials, Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, D-01171 Dresden, Germany.
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Valencia R, Rodríguez-Fortea A, Poblet JM. Large fullerenes stabilized by encapsulation of metallic clusters. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:4161-3. [PMID: 17925962 DOI: 10.1039/b709548a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Structures are proposed for six endohedral metallofullerenes with large carbon cages (from C(92) to C(100)) on the basis of sizeable (LUMO-4)-(LUMO-3) gap and the formal transfer of six electrons to the cages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Valencia
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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Iiduka Y, Wakahara T, Nakajima K, Nakahodo T, Tsuchiya T, Maeda Y, Akasaka T, Yoza K, Liu MTH, Mizorogi N, Nagase S. Experimental and Theoretical Studies of the Scandium Carbide Endohedral Metallofullerene Sc2C2@C82 and Its Carbene Derivative. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:5562-4. [PMID: 17579910 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200701049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Iiduka
- Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
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Iiduka Y, Wakahara T, Nakajima K, Nakahodo T, Tsuchiya T, Maeda Y, Akasaka T, Yoza K, Liu M, Mizorogi N, Nagase S. Experimental and Theoretical Studies of the Scandium Carbide Endohedral Metallofullerene Sc2C2@C82 and Its Carbene Derivative. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200701049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Yang S, Dunsch L. Di- and tridysprosium endohedral metallofullerenes with cages from C94 to C100. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 45:1299-302. [PMID: 16416477 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200502417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shangfeng Yang
- Group of Electrochemistry and Conducting Polymers, Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, 01171 Dresden, Germany.
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Krause M, Ziegs F, Popov AA, Dunsch L. Entrapped bonded hydrogen in a fullerene: the five-atom cluster Sc3CH in C80. Chemphyschem 2007; 8:537-40. [PMID: 17274090 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200600363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterisation of the new endohedral cluster fullerene Sc(3)CH@C(80) is reported. The encapsulation of the first hydrocarbon cluster inside a fullerene was achieved by the arc burning method in a reactive CH(4) atmosphere. The extensive characterisation by mass spectrometry (MS), high- pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), (45)Sc NMR, electron spin resonance (ESR), UV/Vis-NIR and Raman spectroscopy provided the experimental evidence for the caging of the five-atom Sc(3)CH cluster inside the C(80) cage isomer with icosahedral symmetry. The proposed new structure was confirmed by DFT calculations, which gave a closed shell and large energy gap structure. Thus a pyramidal Sc(3)CH cluster and the I(h)-C(80) cage were shown to be the most stable configuration for Sc(3)CH@C(80) whereas alternative structures give a smaller bonding energy as well as a smaller energy gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Krause
- Group of Electrochemistry and Conducting Polymers, Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, P.O. Box 270116, 01171 Dresden, Germany
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Popov AA, Krause M, Yang S, Wong J, Dunsch L. C78 Cage Isomerism Defined by Trimetallic Nitride Cluster Size: A Computational and Vibrational Spectroscopic Study. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:3363-9. [PMID: 17388509 DOI: 10.1021/jp068661r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Molecular structures of Dy(3)N@C(78) and Tm(3)N@C(78) clusterfullerenes are addressed by the IR and Raman vibrational spectroscopic studies and density functional theory (DFT) computations. First, extensive semiempirical calculations of 2927 isomers of C(78) hexaanions followed by DFT optimization were applied to establish their relative stability. Then, DFT calculations of a series of M(3)N@C(78) (M = Sc, Y, Lu, La) isomers were performed which have shown that the stability order of the isomers depends on the cluster size. While the Sc(3)N cluster is planar in the earlier reported Sc(3)N@C(78) (D(3)h: 24,109) clusterfullerenes, relatively large Y(3)N and Lu(3)N clusters would be forced to be pyramidal inside this cage, which would result in their destabilization. Instead, these clusters remain planar in the nonisolated pentagon rule (non-IPR) C(2): 22,010 isomer making Y(3)N@C(78) and Lu(3)N@C(78) clusterfullerenes with this cage structure the most stable ones. Finally, on the basis of a detailed analysis of their IR and Raman spectra supplemented with DFT vibrational calculations, the recently isolated Tm(3)N@C(78) and the major isomer of Dy(3)N@C(78) are assigned to the non-IPR C(2): 22,010 cage structure. A detailed assignment of their experimental and computed IR and Raman spectra is provided to support this conclusion and to exclude other cage isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Popov
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia.
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Michel KH, Verberck B, Hulman M, Kuzmany H, Krause M. Superposition of quantum and classical rotational motions in Sc2C2@C84 fullerite. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:064304. [PMID: 17313212 DOI: 10.1063/1.2434175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The superposition of the quantum rotational motion (tunneling) of the encapsulated Sc(2)C(2) complex with the classical rotational motion of the surrounding C(84) molecule in a powder crystal of Sc(2)C(2)@C(84) fullerite is investigated by theory. Since the quantum rotor is dragged along by the C(84) molecule, any detection method which couples to the quantum rotor (in casu the C(2) bond of the Sc(2)C(2) complex) also probes the thermally excited classical motion (uniaxial rotational diffusion and stochastic meroaxial jumps) of the surrounding fullerene. The dynamic rotation-rotation response functions in frequency space are obtained as convolutions of quantum and classical dynamic correlation functions. The corresponding Raman scattering laws are derived, and the overall shape of the spectra and the width of the resonance lines are studied as functions of temperature. The results of the theory are confronted with experimental low-frequency Raman spectra on powder crystals of Sc(2)C(2)@C(84) [M. Krause et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 137403 (2004)]. The agreement of theory with experiment is very satisfactory in a broad temperature range.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Michel
- Departement Fysica, Universiteit Antwerpen, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
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Popov AA, Senyavin VM, Boltalina OV, Seppelt K, Spandl J, Feigerle CS, Compton RN. Infrared, Raman, and DFT Vibrational Spectroscopic Studies of C60F36 and C60F48. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:8645-52. [PMID: 16836425 DOI: 10.1021/jp060697w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
IR and Raman spectra of two fluorofullerenes, C60F48 and C60F36, are thoroughly studied. Assignment of the experimental spectra is provided on the basis of density functional theory (DFT) computations. Perfect correspondence between experimental and computed spectra enabled us to confirm that the major isomer of C60F48 has D3 symmetry. It was found that as-synthesized samples of C60F36 consist mainly of C3 and C1 isomers in ca. 2:1 ratio and 2-3% of T-symmetric structures. Extensive AM1 and DFT computations have shown that all three structures are the most stable isomers of C60F36. Previous structural assignment of the C3 isomer (Gakh, A. A.; Tuinman, A. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 2001, 42, 7137-7139) was confirmed by the vibrational data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Popov
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119992 Moscow, Russia.
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Iiduka Y, Wakahara T, Nakajima K, Tsuchiya T, Nakahodo T, Maeda Y, Akasaka T, Mizorogi N, Nagase S. 13C NMR spectroscopic study of scandium dimetallofullerene, Sc2@C84 vs. Sc2C2@C82. Chem Commun (Camb) 2006:2057-9. [PMID: 16767274 DOI: 10.1039/b601738j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although Sc2C84 has been widely believed to have the form Sc2@C84, the present 13C NMR study reveals that it is a scandium carbide metallofullerene, Sc2C2@C82, which has a C82(C(3v)) cage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Iiduka
- Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
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Yang S, Dunsch L. Endohedrale Di- und Tridysprosiumfullerene mit Käfigen von C94 bis C100. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200502417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Guha S, Nakamoto K. Electronic structures and spectral properties of endohedral fullerenes. Coord Chem Rev 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2004.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kuzmany H, Pfeiffer R, Hulman M, Kramberger C. Raman spectroscopy of fullerenes and fullerene-nanotube composites. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2004; 362:2375-2406. [PMID: 15482984 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2004.1446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of fullerenes in 1985 opened a completely new field of materials research. Together with the single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) discovered later, these curved carbon networks are a playground for pure as well as applied science. We present a review of Raman spectroscopy of fullerenes, SWCNTs and composite materials. Beginning with pristine C(60), we discuss intercalated C(60) compounds and polymerized C(60), as well as higher and endohedral fullerenes. Concerning SWCNTs, we show how the diameter distribution can be obtained from the Raman spectra and how doping modifies the spectra. Finally, the Raman response of C(60) encapsulated into SWCNTs (C(60) peapods) is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Kuzmany
- Institute of Materials Physics, University of Vienna, Strudlhofgasse 4, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Krause M, Hulman M, Kuzmany H, Dubay O, Kresse G, Vietze K, Seifert G, Wang C, Shinohara H. Fullerene quantum gyroscope. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 93:137403. [PMID: 15524757 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.137403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of quantized rotational states of a diatomic C2 unit in solid endohedral fullerene C(2)Sc(2)@C(84). The rotational transitions induce a periodic line pattern in the low energy Raman spectrum. The rotational constant B and the C-C distance were found to be 1.73 cm(-1) and 0.127 nm, respectively. Density functional calculations revealed an intrinsic rotational barrier of the order of only a few meV for the C2 unit. The Schrödinger equation involving the potential barrier was solved and the Raman tensor matrix elements were calculated, yielding good quantitative agreement with the experiment. To our best knowledge this is the first intrinsic rotational spectrum of a diatomic plane molecular rotor.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Krause
- Institut für Materialphysik der Universität Wien, Wien, Austria
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Krause M, Popov VN, Inakuma M, Tagmatarchis N, Shinohara H, Georgi P, Dunsch L, Kuzmany H. Multipole induced splitting of metal-cage vibrations in crystalline endohedral D2d-M2@C84 dimetallofullerenes. J Chem Phys 2004; 120:1873-80. [PMID: 15268320 DOI: 10.1063/1.1632899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal-carbon cage vibrations of crystalline endohedral D2d-M2@C84 (M=Sc,Y,Dy) dimetallofullerenes were analyzed by temperature dependent Raman scattering and a dynamical force field model. Three groups of metal-carbon cage modes were found at energies of 35-200 cm(-1) and assigned to metal-cage stretching and deformation vibrations. They exhibit a textbook example for the splitting of molecular vibrations in a crystal field. Induced dipole-dipole and quadrupole-quadrupole interactions account quantitatively for the observed mode splitting. Based on the metal-cage vibrational structure it is demonstrated that D2d-Y2@C84 dimetallofullerene retains a monoclinic crystal structure up to 550 K and undergoes a transition from a disordered to an ordered orientational state at a temperature of approximately 150 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Krause
- Institut fur Materialphysik, Universitat Wien, Strudlhofgasse 4, A-1090 Wien, AustriaLeibniz-Institut fur Festkorper- und Werkstofforschung Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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Shimotani H, Ito T, Iwasa Y, Taninaka A, Shinohara H, Nishibori E, Takata M, Sakata M. Quantum Chemical Study on the Configurations of Encapsulated Metal Ions and the Molecular Vibration Modes in Endohedral Dimetallofullerene La2@C80. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 126:364-9. [PMID: 14709103 DOI: 10.1021/ja038208i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The configuration of La ions of La(2)@C(80) in the [80]fullerene cage was investigated by use of quantum chemical calculations. We found that the D(3)(d)() configuration is the global minimum in total energy, being more stable by 1.9 kcal/mol than the D(2)(h)() configuration, which has been considered to be the most stable. The potential energy surface calculation clarified that La ions travel between 10 equivalent D(3)(d)() positions through D(2)(h)() positions and consequently form pentagonal dodecahedral trajectory, which is in good agreement with the previous synchrotron radiation structural study. The experimental and theoretical investigation of the Raman spectrum revealed that the symmetry of molecular vibration is dramatically reduced simply by encapsulation of two La ions, and resulting vibrational modes were successfully assigned. The Raman peak at 163 cm(-)(1) was interpreted as the in-phase synchronously coupled mode of the [80]fullerene cage elongation and the La-La stretching, rather than a conventional and naive assignment as a metal-to-cage vibration mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Shimotani
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
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KOBAYASHI KAORU, NAGASE SHIGERU. Theoretical calculations of vibrational modes in endohedral metallofullerenes: La@C82and Sc2@C84. Mol Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970210162871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ténégal F, Petcu S, Herlin-Boime N, Armand X, Mayne M, Reynaud C. Effect of the C/O ratio on the C60 and C70 formation rates in soot synthesised by laser pyrolysis of benzene-based mixtures. Chem Phys Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(01)00043-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Inakuma M, Shinohara H. Temperature-Dependent EPR Studies on Isolated Scandium Metallofullerenes: Sc@C82(I, II) and Sc@C84. J Phys Chem B 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0003508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masayasu Inakuma
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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Inakuma M, Yamamoto E, Kai T, Wang CR, Tomiyama T, Shinohara H, Dennis TJS, Hulman M, Krause M, Kuzmany H. Structural and Electronic Properties of Isomers of Sc2@C84(I, II, III): 13C NMR and IR/Raman Spectroscopic Studies. J Phys Chem B 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp000438l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - T. John S. Dennis
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary & Westfield College, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
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