1
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Zhou P, Juanes MA. Confocal Laser Scanning Imaging of Cell Junctions in Human Colon Cancer Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2650:245-259. [PMID: 37310637 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3076-1_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium is formed by a single layer of cells. These cells originate from self-renewal stem cells that give rise to various lineages of cells: Paneth, transit-amplifying, and fully differentiated cells (as enteroendocrine, goblet cells, and enterocytes). Enterocytes, also known as absorptive epithelial cells, are the most abundant cell type in the gut. Enterocytes have the potential to polarize as well as form tight junctions with neighbor cells which altogether serve to ensure both the absorption of "good" substances into the body and the blockage of "bad" substances, among other functions. Culture cell models such as the Caco-2 cell line have been proved to be valuable tools to study the fascinating functions of the intestine. In this chapter we outline some experimental procedures to grow, differentiate, and stain intestinal Caco-2 cells, as well as image them using two modes of confocal laser scanning microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixun Zhou
- School of Health and Life Science, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
- National Horizons Centre, Teesside University, Darlington, UK
| | - M Angeles Juanes
- School of Health and Life Science, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK.
- National Horizons Centre, Teesside University, Darlington, UK.
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain.
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2
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Brasselet S. Fluorescence polarization modulation super-resolution imaging provides refined dynamics orientation processes in biological samples. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:322. [PMID: 36336677 PMCID: PMC9637731 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-01018-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Combining polarization modulation Fourier analysis and spatial information in a joint reconstruction algorithm for polarization-resolved fluorescence imaging provides not only a gain in spatial resolution but also a sensitive readout of anisotropy in cell samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Brasselet
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, F-13013, Marseille, France.
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3
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Arbizzani F, Mavrakis M, Hoya M, Ribas JC, Brasselet S, Paoletti A, Rincon SA. Septin filament compaction into rings requires the anillin Mid2 and contractile ring constriction. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110722. [PMID: 35443188 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Septin filaments assemble into high-order molecular structures that associate with membranes, acting as diffusion barriers and scaffold proteins crucial for many cellular processes. How septin filaments organize in such structures is still not understood. Here, we used fission yeast to explore septin filament organization during cell division and its cell cycle regulation. Live-imaging and polarization microscopy analysis uncovered that septin filaments are initially recruited as a diffuse meshwork surrounding the acto-myosin contractile ring (CR) in anaphase, which undergoes compaction into two rings when CR constriction is initiated. We found that the anillin-like protein Mid2 is necessary to promote this compaction step, possibly acting as a bundler for septin filaments. Moreover, Mid2-driven septin compaction requires inputs from the septation initiation network as well as CR constriction and the β(1,3)-glucan synthase Bgs1. This work highlights that anillin-mediated septin ring assembly is under strict cell cycle control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manos Mavrakis
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, UMR 7249, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Marta Hoya
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica and Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Ribas
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica and Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sophie Brasselet
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, UMR 7249, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Anne Paoletti
- Institut Curie, PSL University, CNRS UMR 144, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Sergio A Rincon
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica and Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
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4
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Blanchard A, Combs JD, Brockman JM, Kellner AV, Glazier R, Su H, Bender RL, Bazrafshan AS, Chen W, Quach ME, Li R, Mattheyses AL, Salaita K. Turn-key mapping of cell receptor force orientation and magnitude using a commercial structured illumination microscope. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4693. [PMID: 34344862 PMCID: PMC8333341 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24602-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many cellular processes, including cell division, development, and cell migration require spatially and temporally coordinated forces transduced by cell-surface receptors. Nucleic acid-based molecular tension probes allow one to visualize the piconewton (pN) forces applied by these receptors. Building on this technology, we recently developed molecular force microscopy (MFM) which uses fluorescence polarization to map receptor force orientation with diffraction-limited resolution (~250 nm). Here, we show that structured illumination microscopy (SIM), a super-resolution technique, can be used to perform super-resolution MFM. Using SIM-MFM, we generate the highest resolution maps of both the magnitude and orientation of the pN traction forces applied by cells. We apply SIM-MFM to map platelet and fibroblast integrin forces, as well as T cell receptor forces. Using SIM-MFM, we show that platelet traction force alignment occurs on a longer timescale than adhesion. Importantly, SIM-MFM can be implemented on any standard SIM microscope without hardware modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Blanchard
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J Dale Combs
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joshua M Brockman
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anna V Kellner
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Roxanne Glazier
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hanquan Su
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Wenchun Chen
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - M Edward Quach
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Renhao Li
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alexa L Mattheyses
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Khalid Salaita
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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5
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Differential Polarization Imaging of Plant Cells. Mapping the Anisotropy of Cell Walls and Chloroplasts. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147661. [PMID: 34299279 PMCID: PMC8306740 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern light microscopy imaging techniques have substantially advanced our knowledge about the ultrastructure of plant cells and their organelles. Laser-scanning microscopy and digital light microscopy imaging techniques, in general—in addition to their high sensitivity, fast data acquisition, and great versatility of 2D–4D image analyses—also opened the technical possibilities to combine microscopy imaging with spectroscopic measurements. In this review, we focus our attention on differential polarization (DP) imaging techniques and on their applications on plant cell walls and chloroplasts, and show how these techniques provided unique and quantitative information on the anisotropic molecular organization of plant cell constituents: (i) We briefly describe how laser-scanning microscopes (LSMs) and the enhanced-resolution Re-scan Confocal Microscope (RCM of Confocal.nl Ltd. Amsterdam, Netherlands) can be equipped with DP attachments—making them capable of measuring different polarization spectroscopy parameters, parallel with the ‘conventional’ intensity imaging. (ii) We show examples of different faces of the strong anisotropic molecular organization of chloroplast thylakoid membranes. (iii) We illustrate the use of DP imaging of cell walls from a variety of wood samples and demonstrate the use of quantitative analysis. (iv) Finally, we outline the perspectives of further technical developments of micro-spectropolarimetry imaging and its use in plant cell studies.
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6
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Wang X, Zhou W, Xu D, Yin J. Analysis and verification of fluorescence super-resolution microscopy via polarization modulation in reciprocal space. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2021; 38:337-343. [PMID: 33690462 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.406029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Based on the polarization property of fluorescent dipoles, fluorescence super-resolution microscopy recently has been proposed by modulating the polarization of the excitation light. In this technique, the super-resolution image is reconstructed by processing the polarization-modulated fluorescence image stack with an iteration algorithm. However, the mechanism of resolution improvement by polarization modulation has been questioned. In this paper, the mechanism of resolution enhancement by polarization modulation is analyzed in reciprocal space. The mathematical model and the reconstruction algorithm of fluorescence super-resolution microscopy via polarization modulation are proposed in reciprocal space. The corresponding simulation results and analysis show that polarization modulation can enlarge the highest detected spatial frequency of fluorescence microscopy to achieve super resolution, which verifies the role of polarization modulation in resolution improvement and provides a useful reference to study fluorescence super-resolution microscopy via polarization modulation in reciprocal space.
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7
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Zhanghao K, Liu W, Li M, Wu Z, Wang X, Chen X, Shan C, Wang H, Chen X, Dai Q, Xi P, Jin D. High-dimensional super-resolution imaging reveals heterogeneity and dynamics of subcellular lipid membranes. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5890. [PMID: 33208737 PMCID: PMC7674432 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19747-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid membranes are found in most intracellular organelles, and their heterogeneities play an essential role in regulating the organelles' biochemical functionalities. Here we report a Spectrum and Polarization Optical Tomography (SPOT) technique to study the subcellular lipidomics in live cells. Simply using one dye that universally stains the lipid membranes, SPOT can simultaneously resolve the membrane morphology, polarity, and phase from the three optical-dimensions of intensity, spectrum, and polarization, respectively. These high-throughput optical properties reveal lipid heterogeneities of ten subcellular compartments, at different developmental stages, and even within the same organelle. Furthermore, we obtain real-time monitoring of the multi-organelle interactive activities of cell division and successfully reveal their sophisticated lipid dynamics during the plasma membrane separation, tunneling nanotubules formation, and mitochondrial cristae dissociation. This work suggests research frontiers in correlating single-cell super-resolution lipidomics with multiplexed imaging of organelle interactome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Zhanghao
- UTS-SUStech Joint Research Centre for Biomedical Materials & Devices, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
| | - Wenhui Liu
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Meiqi Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Zihan Wu
- UTS-SUStech Joint Research Centre for Biomedical Materials & Devices, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Xingye Chen
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyan Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Haoqian Wang
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Qionghai Dai
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Xi
- UTS-SUStech Joint Research Centre for Biomedical Materials & Devices, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
| | - Dayong Jin
- UTS-SUStech Joint Research Centre for Biomedical Materials & Devices, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China.
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices (IBMD), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
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8
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Chen L, Chen X, Yang X, He C, Wang M, Xi P, Gao J. Advances of super-resolution fluorescence polarization microscopy and its applications in life sciences. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:2209-2216. [PMID: 32952935 PMCID: PMC7476067 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence polarization microscopy (FPM) analyzes both intensity and orientation of fluorescence dipole, and reflects the structural specificity of target molecules. It has become an important tool for studying protein organization, orientational order, and structural changes in cells. However, suffering from optical diffraction limit, conventional FPM has low orientation resolution and observation accuracy, as the polarization information is averaged by multiple fluorescent molecules within a diffraction-limited volume. Recently, novel super-resolution FPMs have been developed to break the diffraction barrier. In this review, we will introduce the recent progress to achieve sub-diffraction determination of dipole orientation. Biological applications, based on polarization analysis of fluorescence dipole, are also summarized, with focus on chromophore-target molecule interaction and molecular organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics; Bioinformatics Division, Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, BNRist; Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Xingye Chen
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Xusan Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chao He
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK
| | - Miaoyan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peng Xi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Juntao Gao
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics; Bioinformatics Division, Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, BNRist; Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
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9
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Blanchard AT, Brockman JM, Salaita K, Mattheyses AL. Variable incidence angle linear dichroism (VALiD): a technique for unique 3D orientation measurement of fluorescent ensembles. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:10039-10061. [PMID: 32225599 PMCID: PMC7340377 DOI: 10.1364/oe.381676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental challenge with fluorophore orientation measurement is degeneracy, which is the inability to distinguish between multiple unique fluorophore orientations. Techniques exist for the non-degenerate measurement of the orientations of single, static fluorophores. However, such techniques are unsuitable for densely labeled and/or dynamic samples common to biological research. Accordingly, a rapid, widefield microscopy technique that can measure orientation parameters for ensembles of fluorophores in a non-degenerate manner is desirable. We propose that exciting samples with polarized light and multiple incidence angles could enable such a technique. We use Monte Carlo simulations to validate this approach for specific axially symmetric ensembles of fluorophores and obtain optimal experimental parameters for its future implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron T. Blanchard
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Joshua M. Brockman
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Khalid Salaita
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Alexa L. Mattheyses
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
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10
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Gajdos T, Hopp B, Erdélyi M. Hot-Band Anti-Stokes Fluorescence Properties of Alexa Fluor 568. J Fluoresc 2020; 30:437-443. [PMID: 32112289 PMCID: PMC7250809 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-020-02496-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hot-band absorption and anti-Stokes emission properties of an organic fluorescent dye, Alexa Fluor 568, were characterized and compared with those of Rhodamine 101. The comparison of the properties (e.g., quantum efficiency, spectral distribution, thermal properties, and fluorescence lifetime) between the two dyes confirms that both dyes undergo the same process when excited in the red spectral region. Possible undesirable crosstalk effects and applications in dSTORM microscopy were demonstrated and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Gajdos
- Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9., Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Béla Hopp
- Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9., Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Miklós Erdélyi
- Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9., Szeged, 6720, Hungary.
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11
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Wang X, Zhang Y, Zhou W, Xu D, Yin J. Mapping the dipole orientation distribution within a super-resolution scale via fluorescence polarization modulation. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2020; 37:353-360. [PMID: 32118917 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.380805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Conventional fluorescence polarization microscopy has been largely used to monitor the orientation and the structural information of biomolecules labeled with fluorescence dipoles but suffers from the optical diffraction limit. Here, we put forward a novel algorithm to simultaneously acquire the super-resolution image and the effective orientation distribution information of dipole clusters at corresponding super-resolution. In this paper, the orientation distribution of dipole clusters is statistically modeled by its mean orientation and orientation deviation, which are, respectively, represented by the middle direction and the opening angle of a sector shape. According to this model and microscopy imaging theory, the joint reconstruction algorithm is deduced mathematically in detail based on the conjugate gradient least-squares method. By applying this algorithm to different samples, the reconstructed results prove more than twice the resolution of wide-field images and the orientation distribution information at corresponding spatial resolution. Furthermore, the high accuracy of this algorithm in reconstructing super-resolution orientation distribution information is verified by Monte Carlo simulations.
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12
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Juanes MA, Isnardon D, Badache A, Brasselet S, Mavrakis M, Goode BL. The role of APC-mediated actin assembly in microtubule capture and focal adhesion turnover. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:3415-3435. [PMID: 31471457 PMCID: PMC6781439 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201904165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin assembly by APC maintains proper organization and dynamics of F-actin at focal adhesions. This, in turn, impacts the organization of other molecular components and the responsiveness of focal adhesions to microtubule capture and autophagosome-induced disassembly. Focal adhesion (FA) turnover depends on microtubules and actin. Microtubule ends are captured at FAs, where they induce rapid FA disassembly. However, actin’s roles are less clear. Here, we use polarization-resolved microscopy, FRAP, live cell imaging, and a mutant of Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC-m4) defective in actin nucleation to investigate the role of actin assembly in FA turnover. We show that APC-mediated actin assembly is critical for maintaining normal F-actin levels, organization, and dynamics at FAs, along with organization of FA components. In WT cells, microtubules are captured repeatedly at FAs as they mature, but once a FA reaches peak maturity, the next microtubule capture event leads to delivery of an autophagosome, triggering FA disassembly. In APC-m4 cells, microtubule capture frequency and duration are altered, and there are long delays between autophagosome delivery and FA disassembly. Thus, APC-mediated actin assembly is required for normal feedback between microtubules and FAs, and maintaining FAs in a state “primed” for microtubule-induced turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Isnardon
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France
| | - Ali Badache
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France
| | - Sophie Brasselet
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
| | - Manos Mavrakis
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
| | - Bruce L Goode
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA
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13
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Fluorescence-detected linear dichroism imaging in a re-scan confocal microscope equipped with differential polarization attachment. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2019; 48:457-463. [PMID: 30982120 PMCID: PMC6647120 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-019-01365-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Confocal laser scanning microscopy is probably the most widely used and one of the most powerful techniques in basic biology, medicine and material sciences that is employed to elucidate the architecture of complex cellular structures and molecular macro-assemblies. It has recently been shown that the information content, signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of such microscopes (LSMs) can be improved significantly by adding different attachments or modifying their design, while retaining their user-friendly features and relatively moderate costs. Differential polarization (DP) attachments, using high-frequency modulation/demodulation circuits, have made LSMs capable of high-precision 2D and 3D mapping of the anisotropy of microscopic samples—without interfering with their ‘conventional’ fluorescence or transmission imaging (Steinbach et al. in Methods Appl Fluoresc 2:015005, 2014). The resolution and the quality of fluorescence imaging have been enhanced in the recently constructed Re-scan confocal microscopy (RCM) (De Luca et al. in Biomed Opt Express 4:2644–2656, 2013). In this work, we developed the RCM technique further, by adding a DP-attachment modulating the exciting laser beam via a liquid crystal (LC) retarder synchronized with the data acquisition system; by this means, and with the aid of a software, fluorescence-detected linear dichroism (FDLD), characteristic of the anisotropic molecular organization of the sample, could be recorded in parallel with the confocal fluorescence imaging. For demonstration, we show FDLD images of a plant cell wall (Ginkgo biloba) stained with Etzold’s staining solution.
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14
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Kalita R, Goutam Buddha SS, Boruah BR. A laser scanning microscope executing intraframe polarization switching of the illumination beam. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:093705. [PMID: 30278735 DOI: 10.1063/1.5042155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The polarization of the illumination beam in a beam scanning microscope such as the confocal microscope plays an important role in extracting the orientational information of the molecules in the specimen. In this paper, we present the development of a beam scanning microscope comprising a custom designed optical arrangement to obtain images of the same target with different polarizations of the illumination beam. The optical arrangement, based on a ferroelectric liquid crystal spatial light modulator (FELCSLM), can generate homogeneous as well as non-homogeneous user defined polarization profiles over the cross-sectional area of the illumination beam. Here, we employ a computer generated holography technique and exploit the programmability of the FELCSLM display to considerably reduce the time gap between two successive illuminations of each location of the specimen with two different polarizations. We demonstrate the working of the beam scanning microscope where the polarization profile of the illumination beam is switched at the end of every line scanned, in contrast to a conventional beam scanning microscope where the polarization can be switched at the end of every frame scanned. Preliminary experimental results obtained using a polarization sensitive target confirm the feasibility of the proposed scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan Kalita
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - S S Goutam Buddha
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Bosanta R Boruah
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
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15
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Loison O, Weitkunat M, Kaya-Çopur A, Nascimento Alves C, Matzat T, Spletter ML, Luschnig S, Brasselet S, Lenne PF, Schnorrer F. Polarization-resolved microscopy reveals a muscle myosin motor-independent mechanism of molecular actin ordering during sarcomere maturation. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2004718. [PMID: 29702642 PMCID: PMC5955565 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2004718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomeres are stereotyped force-producing mini-machines of striated muscles. Each sarcomere contains a pseudocrystalline order of bipolar actin and myosin filaments, which are linked by titin filaments. During muscle development, these three filament types need to assemble into long periodic chains of sarcomeres called myofibrils. Initially, myofibrils contain immature sarcomeres, which gradually mature into their pseudocrystalline order. Despite the general importance, our understanding of myofibril assembly and sarcomere maturation in vivo is limited, in large part because determining the molecular order of protein components during muscle development remains challenging. Here, we applied polarization-resolved microscopy to determine the molecular order of actin during myofibrillogenesis in vivo. This method revealed that, concomitantly with mechanical tension buildup in the myotube, molecular actin order increases, preceding the formation of immature sarcomeres. Mechanistically, both muscle and nonmuscle myosin contribute to this actin order gain during early stages of myofibril assembly. Actin order continues to increase while myofibrils and sarcomeres mature. Muscle myosin motor activity is required for the regular and coordinated assembly of long myofibrils but not for the high actin order buildup during sarcomere maturation. This suggests that, in muscle, other actin-binding proteins are sufficient to locally bundle or cross-link actin into highly regular arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuela Weitkunat
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Muscle Dynamics Group, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Aynur Kaya-Çopur
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Muscle Dynamics Group, Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - Till Matzat
- Institute of Neurobiology and Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 – CiM), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Maria L. Spletter
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Muscle Dynamics Group, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stefan Luschnig
- Institute of Neurobiology and Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 – CiM), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sophie Brasselet
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
| | | | - Frank Schnorrer
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IBDM, Marseille, France
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Muscle Dynamics Group, Martinsried, Germany
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16
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Zhanghao K, Chen L, Yang XS, Wang MY, Jing ZL, Han HB, Zhang MQ, Jin D, Gao JT, Xi P. Super-resolution dipole orientation mapping via polarization demodulation. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2016; 5:e16166. [PMID: 30167126 PMCID: PMC6059828 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2016.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence polarization microscopy (FPM) aims to detect the dipole orientation of fluorophores and to resolve structural information for labeled organelles via wide-field or confocal microscopy. Conventional FPM often suffers from the presence of a large number of molecules within the diffraction-limited volume, with averaged fluorescence polarization collected from a group of dipoles with different orientations. Here, we apply sparse deconvolution and least-squares estimation to fluorescence polarization modulation data and demonstrate a super-resolution dipole orientation mapping (SDOM) method that resolves the effective dipole orientation from a much smaller number of fluorescent molecules within a sub-diffraction focal area. We further apply this method to resolve structural details in both fixed and live cells. For the first time, we show that different borders of a dendritic spine neck exhibit a heterogeneous distribution of dipole orientation. Furthermore, we illustrate that the dipole is always perpendicular to the direction of actin filaments in mammalian kidney cells and radially distributed in the hourglass structure of the septin protein under specific labelling. The accuracy of the dipole orientation can be further mapped using the orientation uniform factor, which shows the superiority of SDOM compared with its wide-field counterpart as the number of molecules is decreased within the smaller focal area. Using the inherent feature of the orientation dipole, the SDOM technique, with its fast imaging speed (at sub-second scale), can be applied to a broad range of fluorescently labeled biological systems to simultaneously resolve the valuable dipole orientation information with super-resolution imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Zhanghao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Bioinformatics Division, TNLIST, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xu-San Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Miao-Yan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhen-Li Jing
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Bioinformatics Division, TNLIST, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hong-Bin Han
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Michael Q Zhang
- Bioinformatics Division, TNLIST, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Systems Biology, The University of Texas, Dallas 800 West Campbell Road, RL11, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dayong Jin
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Jun-Tao Gao
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Bioinformatics Division, TNLIST, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- ;, ;,
| | - Peng Xi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
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17
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Cleff C, Gasecka A, Ferrand P, Rigneault H, Brasselet S, Duboisset J. Direct imaging of molecular symmetry by coherent anti-stokes Raman scattering. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11562. [PMID: 27189667 PMCID: PMC4873966 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonlinear optical methods, such as coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering and stimulated Raman scattering, are able to perform label-free imaging, with chemical bonds specificity. Here we demonstrate that the use of circularly polarized light allows to retrieve not only the chemical nature but also the symmetry of the probed sample, in a single measurement. Our symmetry-resolved scheme offers simple access to the local organization of vibrational bonds and as a result provides enhanced image contrast for anisotropic samples, as well as an improved chemical selectivity. We quantify the local organization of vibrational bonds on crystalline and biological samples, thus providing information not accessible by spontaneous Raman and stimulated Raman scattering techniques. This work stands for a symmetry-resolved contrast in vibrational microscopy, with potential application in biological diagnostic. Coherent Raman imaging is a high fidelity technique to obtain chemical-sensitive images, however sub-diffraction molecular organization information is still missing. Here, the authors exploit molecular bond symmetries to access the microscopic organization of molecules in a single image acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Cleff
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, UMR 7249, Domaine Universitaire de Saint Jérôme, Avenue Escadrille Normandie Niemen, Marseille, F-13397, France
| | - Alicja Gasecka
- Quebec Mental Health Institute Research Center, Laval University, Québec, Quebec, Canada G1J 2G3.,Centre d'Optique, Photonique et Laser (COPL), Laval University, Québec, Quebec, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Patrick Ferrand
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, UMR 7249, Domaine Universitaire de Saint Jérôme, Avenue Escadrille Normandie Niemen, Marseille, F-13397, France
| | - Hervé Rigneault
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, UMR 7249, Domaine Universitaire de Saint Jérôme, Avenue Escadrille Normandie Niemen, Marseille, F-13397, France
| | - Sophie Brasselet
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, UMR 7249, Domaine Universitaire de Saint Jérôme, Avenue Escadrille Normandie Niemen, Marseille, F-13397, France
| | - Julien Duboisset
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, UMR 7249, Domaine Universitaire de Saint Jérôme, Avenue Escadrille Normandie Niemen, Marseille, F-13397, France
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18
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Abrahamsson S, McQuilken M, Mehta SB, Verma A, Larsch J, Ilic R, Heintzmann R, Bargmann CI, Gladfelter AS, Oldenbourg R. MultiFocus Polarization Microscope (MF-PolScope) for 3D polarization imaging of up to 25 focal planes simultaneously. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:7734-54. [PMID: 25837112 PMCID: PMC5802244 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.007734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We have developed an imaging system for 3D time-lapse polarization microscopy of living biological samples. Polarization imaging reveals the position, alignment and orientation of submicroscopic features in label-free as well as fluorescently labeled specimens. Optical anisotropies are calculated from a series of images where the sample is illuminated by light of different polarization states. Due to the number of images necessary to collect both multiple polarization states and multiple focal planes, 3D polarization imaging is most often prohibitively slow. Our MF-PolScope system employs multifocus optics to form an instantaneous 3D image of up to 25 simultaneous focal-planes. We describe this optical system and show examples of 3D multi-focus polarization imaging of biological samples, including a protein assembly study in budding yeast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Abrahamsson
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Lulu and Anthony Wang Laboratory of Neural Circuits and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Molly McQuilken
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | | | - Amitabh Verma
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Johannes Larsch
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Lulu and Anthony Wang Laboratory of Neural Circuits and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Current address: Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Rob Ilic
- Cornell NanoScale Science and Technology Facility (CNF), Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Current address: Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Rainer Heintzmann
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Shiller University, Jena, Germany
- King’s College London, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, London, UK
| | - Cornelia I. Bargmann
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Lulu and Anthony Wang Laboratory of Neural Circuits and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Amy S. Gladfelter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
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19
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Ferrand P, Gasecka P, Kress A, Wang X, Bioud FZ, Duboisset J, Brasselet S. Ultimate use of two-photon fluorescence microscopy to map orientational behavior of fluorophores. Biophys J 2015; 106:2330-9. [PMID: 24896112 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The orientational distribution of fluorophores is an important reporter of the structure and function of their molecular environment. Although this distribution affects the fluorescence signal under polarized-light excitation, its retrieval is limited to a small number of parameters. Because of this limitation, the need for a geometrical model (cone, Gaussian, etc.) to effect such retrieval is often invoked. In this work, using a symmetry decomposition of the distribution function of the fluorescent molecules, we show that polarized two-photon fluorescence based on tunable linear dichroism allows for the retrieval of this distribution with reasonable fidelity and without invoking either an a priori knowledge of the system to be investigated or a geometrical model. We establish the optimal level of detail to which any distribution can be retrieved using this technique. As applied to artificial lipid vesicles and cell membranes, the ability of this method to identify and quantify specific structural properties that complement the more traditional molecular-order information is demonstrated. In particular, we analyze situations that give access to the sharpness of the angular constraint, and to the evidence of an isotropic population of fluorophores within the focal volume encompassing the membrane. Moreover, this technique has the potential to address complex situations such as the distribution of a tethered membrane protein label in an ordered environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Ferrand
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel UMR 7249, Marseille, France.
| | - Paulina Gasecka
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel UMR 7249, Marseille, France
| | - Alla Kress
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel UMR 7249, Marseille, France
| | - Xiao Wang
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel UMR 7249, Marseille, France
| | - Fatma-Zohra Bioud
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel UMR 7249, Marseille, France
| | - Julien Duboisset
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel UMR 7249, Marseille, France
| | - Sophie Brasselet
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel UMR 7249, Marseille, France
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20
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Mapping the local organization of cell membranes using excitation-polarization-resolved confocal fluorescence microscopy. Biophys J 2014; 105:127-36. [PMID: 23823231 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence anisotropy and linear dichroism imaging have been widely used for imaging biomolecular orientational distributions in protein aggregates, fibrillar structures of cells, and cell membranes. However, these techniques do not give access to complete orientational order information in a whole image, because their use is limited to parts of the sample where the average orientation of molecules is known a priori. Fluorescence anisotropy is also highly sensitive to depolarization mechanisms such as those induced by fluorescence energy transfer. A fully excitation-polarization-resolved fluorescence microscopy imaging that relies on the use of a tunable incident polarization and a nonpolarized detection is able to circumvent these limitations. We have developed such a technique in confocal epifluorescence microscopy, giving access to new regions of study in the complex and heterogeneous molecular organization of cell membranes. Using this technique, we demonstrate morphological changes at the subdiffraction scale in labeled COS-7 cell membranes whose cytoskeleton is perturbed. Molecular orientational order is also seen to be affected by cholesterol depletion, reflecting the strong interplay between lipid-packing regions and their nearby cytoskeleton. This noninvasive optical technique can reveal local organization in cell membranes when used as a complement to existing methods such as generalized polarization.
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