1
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Lieberherr AZ, Gori-Giorgi P, Giesbertz KJH. Optimal Transport Distances to Characterize Electronic Excitations. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:5635-5642. [PMID: 38874479 PMCID: PMC11238536 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the character of electronic excitations is important in computational and reaction mechanistic studies, but their classification from simulations remains an open problem. Distances based on optimal transport have proven very useful in a plethora of classification problems and, therefore, seem a natural tool to try to tackle this challenge. We propose and investigate a new diagnostic Θ based on the Sinkhorn divergence from optimal transport. We evaluate a k-NN classification algorithm on Θ, the popular Λ diagnostic, and their combination, and assess their performance in labeling excitations, finding that (i) the combination only slightly improves the classification, (ii) Rydberg excitations are not separated well in any setting, and (iii) Θ breaks down for charge transfer in small molecules. We then define a length-scale-normalized version of Θ and show that the result correlates closely with Λ for results obtained with Gaussian basis functions. Finally, we discuss the orbital dependence of our approach and explore an orbital-independent version. Using an optimized combination of the optimal transport and overlap diagnostics together with a different metric is in our opinion the most promising for future classification studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annina Z. Lieberherr
- Department
of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K.
| | - Paola Gori-Giorgi
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular
and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Microsoft
Research AI for Science, Evert van de Beekstraat 354, 1118CZ Schiphol, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas J. H. Giesbertz
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular
and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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2
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Saridakis I, Riomet M, Belleza OJV, Coussanes G, Singer NK, Kastner N, Xiao Y, Smith E, Tona V, de la Torre A, Lopes EF, Sánchez-Murcia PA, González L, Sitte HH, Maulide N. PyrAtes: Modular Organic Salts with Large Stokes Shifts for Fluo-rescence Microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318127. [PMID: 38570814 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The deployment of small-molecule fluorescent agents plays an ever-growing role in medicine and drug development. Herein, we complement the portfolio of powerful fluorophores, reporting the serendipitous discovery and development of a novel class with an imidazo[1,2-a]pyridinium triflate core, which we term PyrAtes. These fluorophores are synthesized in a single step from readily available materials (>60 examples) and display Stokes shifts as large as 240 nm, while also reaching NIR-I emissions at λmax as long as 720 nm. Computational studies allow the development of a platform for the prediction of λmax and λEm. Furthermore, we demonstrate the compatibility of these novel fluorophores with live cell imaging in HEK293 cells, suggesting PyrAtes as potent intracellular markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iakovos Saridakis
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margaux Riomet
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver J V Belleza
- Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstraße 17A, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Guilhem Coussanes
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadja K Singer
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nina Kastner
- Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstraße 17A, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yi Xiao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elliot Smith
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronica Tona
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Aurélien de la Torre
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eric F Lopes
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pedro A Sánchez-Murcia
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leticia González
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald H Sitte
- Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstraße 17A, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Hourani Center for Applied Scientific Research, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, 19328, Amman, Jordan
- Center for Addiction Research and Science - AddRess, Medical University Vienna, Währinger Strasse 13 A, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nuno Maulide
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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3
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Fraiponts M, Maes W, Champagne B. Earth Mover's Charge Transfer Distance: A General and Robust Approach for Describing Excited State Locality. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:2751-2760. [PMID: 38407044 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
A novel approach for assessing the extent of electron displacement in optical transitions is proposed by implementing the Earth Mover's Distance (EMD) method, which quantifies the spatial dissimilarity between ground and excited state electron density distributions. In contrast to previous descriptors, this index provides a representative and intuitively understandable distance under a robust and computationally efficient scheme for all possible forms of locality, even in the most difficult to dissect topological cases. The theoretical differences among the existing indices and our method are first illustrated with the help of a simplified model system, followed by a benchmarking of several partial atomic charge models using experimentally relevant push-pull compounds with diverse symmetries. These same molecules are finally employed to further demonstrate the principal advantages of the EMD index and its capabilities in rationalizing charge transfer phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Fraiponts
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry (LCT), Theoretical and Structural Physical Chemistry Unit, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
- Design & Synthesis of Organic Semiconductors (DSOS), Hasselt University, Agoralaan 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- IMEC, Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Wouter Maes
- Design & Synthesis of Organic Semiconductors (DSOS), Hasselt University, Agoralaan 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- IMEC, Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Benoît Champagne
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry (LCT), Theoretical and Structural Physical Chemistry Unit, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
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4
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Herbert JM. Visualizing and characterizing excited states from time-dependent density functional theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:3755-3794. [PMID: 38226636 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04226j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) is the most widely-used electronic structure method for excited states, due to a favorable combination of low cost and semi-quantitative accuracy in many contexts, even if there are well recognized limitations. This Perspective describes various ways in which excited states from TD-DFT calculations can be visualized and analyzed, both qualitatively and quantitatively. This includes not just orbitals and densities but also well-defined statistical measures of electron-hole separation and of Frenkel-type exciton delocalization. Emphasis is placed on mathematical connections between methods that have often been discussed separately. Particular attention is paid to charge-transfer diagnostics, which provide indicators of when TD-DFT may not be trustworthy due to its categorical failure to describe long-range electron transfer. Measures of exciton size and charge separation that are directly connected to the underlying transition density are recommended over more ad hoc metrics for quantifying charge-transfer character.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Herbert
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
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5
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Ma L, Yu Y, Zhong D, Zhu C, Yang X, Feng Z, Zhou G, Wu Z. Tailoring D-π-A architectures with hybridized local and charge transfer fluorophores exhibiting high electroluminescence exciton utilization and low threshold amplified spontaneous emission. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:25838-25849. [PMID: 37724577 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01423a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Novel amorphous compounds which could simultaneously use 25% singlet excitons and 75% triplet excitons as the energy source for light amplification enable the reduction of the threshold current density for electrically pumped organic semiconductor laser diodes (OSLDs); however, there is always a trade-off between the high radiative decay rate of the local excited (LE) state that is required for amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) and high exciton utilization benefiting from the charge-transfer (CT) state during electroluminescence (EL). Herein, we have explored a delicate balance to achieve both low ASE threshold and high EL exciton utilization by adopting a carefully tailored hybridized local and charge-transfer (HLCT) molecular design. A series of donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) molecules (SBz-1, SBz-2 and SBz-3) are synthesized, and the structural change mainly refers to the spatial distance between D and A which could regulate the excited-state character via adjusting the CT length. Notably, the ASE phenomenon with a low threshold (2.97 μJ cm-2) and a high exciton utilization of 57.6% are achieved at the same time for SBz-2 with an appropriate CT length. The results provide guidance for molecular design toward harvesting triplet excitons in organic laser materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ma
- School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, P. R. China.
| | - Yue Yu
- School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, P. R. China.
| | - Daokun Zhong
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.
| | - Chunrong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.
| | - Zhao Feng
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.
| | - Guijiang Zhou
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.
| | - Zhaoxin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.
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6
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Seidler B, Tran JH, Hniopek J, Traber P, Görls H, Gräfe S, Schmitt M, Popp J, Schulz M, Dietzek‐Ivanšić B. Photophysics of Anionic Bis(4H-imidazolato)Cu I Complexes. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202697. [PMID: 36148551 PMCID: PMC10092831 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the photophysical behavior of four panchromatically absorbing, homoleptic bis(4H-imidazolato)CuI complexes, with a systematic variation in the electron-withdrawing properties of the imidazolate ligand, were studied by wavelength-dependent time-resolved femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. Excitation at 400, 480, and 630 nm populates metal-to-ligand charge transfer, intraligand charge transfer, and mixed-character singlet states. The pump wavelength-dependent transient absorption data were analyzed by a recently established 2D correlation approach. Data analysis revealed that all excitation conditions yield similar excited-state dynamics. Key to the excited-state relaxation is fast, sub-picosecond pseudo-Jahn-Teller distortion, which is accompanied by the relocalization of electron density onto a single ligand from the initially delocalized state at Franck-Condon geometry. Subsequent intersystem crossing to the triplet manifold is followed by a sub-100 ps decay to the ground state. The fast, nonradiative decay is rationalized by the low triplet-state energy as found by DFT calculations, which suggest perspective treatment at the strong coupling limit of the energy gap law.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Seidler
- Institute of Physical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHelmholtzweg 407743JenaGermany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (Leibniz-IPHT)Albert-Einstein-Str. 907745JenaGermany
| | - Jens H. Tran
- Institute of Physical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHelmholtzweg 407743JenaGermany
| | - Julian Hniopek
- Institute of Physical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHelmholtzweg 407743JenaGermany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (Leibniz-IPHT)Albert-Einstein-Str. 907745JenaGermany
- Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP)Albert-Einstein-Str. 607745JenaGermany
| | - Philipp Traber
- Institute of Physical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHelmholtzweg 407743JenaGermany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstr. 807743JenaGermany
| | - Stefanie Gräfe
- Institute of Physical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHelmholtzweg 407743JenaGermany
- Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP)Albert-Einstein-Str. 607745JenaGermany
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Institute of Physical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHelmholtzweg 407743JenaGermany
- Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP)Albert-Einstein-Str. 607745JenaGermany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Institute of Physical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHelmholtzweg 407743JenaGermany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (Leibniz-IPHT)Albert-Einstein-Str. 907745JenaGermany
- Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP)Albert-Einstein-Str. 607745JenaGermany
| | - Martin Schulz
- Institute of Physical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHelmholtzweg 407743JenaGermany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (Leibniz-IPHT)Albert-Einstein-Str. 907745JenaGermany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek‐Ivanšić
- Institute of Physical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHelmholtzweg 407743JenaGermany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (Leibniz-IPHT)Albert-Einstein-Str. 907745JenaGermany
- Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP)Albert-Einstein-Str. 607745JenaGermany
- Centre for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC-Jena)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 7a07743JenaGermany
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7
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Plasser F, Krylov AI, Dreuw A. libwfa: Wavefunction analysis tools for excited and open‐shell electronic states. WIRES COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Plasser
- Department of Chemistry Loughborough University Loughborough UK
| | - Anna I. Krylov
- Department of Chemistry University of Southern California California Los Angeles USA
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing Ruprecht‐Karls University Heidelberg Germany
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8
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Chen CG, Nardi AN, Giustini M, D'Abramo M. Absorption behavior of doxorubicin hydrochloride in visible region in different environments: a combined experimental and computational study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:12027-12035. [PMID: 35536553 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05182b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The experimental absorption measurements in the interval 350-600 nm (Vis), molecular dynamics simulations, quantum-mechanics calculations and an advanced molecular treatment of simulation data are here combined to provide a complete picture of the absorption behavior in the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum of the doxorubicin hydrochloride (DX) molecule in different environments. By such an approach, we have shown that it is possible to characterize the effect of the environment on the DX absorption behavior - including the vibronic contributions - as well as to interpret such differences in terms of molecular electronic excited states, which are found to be strongly influenced by the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mauro Giustini
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Marco D'Abramo
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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9
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Kumar C, Luber S. Robust ΔSCF calculations with direct energy functional minimization methods and STEP for molecules and materials. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:154104. [PMID: 35459303 DOI: 10.1063/5.0075927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The direct energy functional minimization method using the orbital transformation (OT) scheme in the program package CP2K has been employed for Δ self-consistent field (ΔSCF) calculations. The OT method for non-uniform molecular orbitals occupations allows us to apply the ΔSCF method for various kinds of molecules and periodic systems. Vertical excitation energies of heteroaromatic molecules and condensed phase systems, such as solvated ethylene and solvated uracil obeying periodic boundary conditions, are reported using the ΔSCF method. In addition, a Re-phosphate molecule attached to the surface of anatase (TiO2) has been investigated. Additionally, we have implemented a recently proposed state-targeted energy projection ΔSCF algorithm [K. Carter-Fenk and J. M. Herbert, J. Chem. Theory Comput. 16(8), 5067-5082 (2020)] for diagonalization based SCF in CP2K. It is found that the OT scheme provides a smooth and robust SCF convergence for all investigated excitation energies and (non-)periodic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Luber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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10
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Kimber P, Goddard P, Wright IA, Plasser F. The role of excited-state character, structural relaxation, and symmetry breaking in enabling delayed fluorescence activity in push-pull chromophores. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:26135-26150. [PMID: 34792045 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03792g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) is a current promising route for generating highly efficient light-emitting devices. However, the design process of new chromophores is hampered by the complicated underlying photophysics. In this work, four closely related donor-π-acceptor-π-donor systems are investigated, two of which were synthesised previously, with the aim of elucidating their varying effectiveness for TADF. We outline that the frontier orbitals are insufficient for discriminating between the molecules. Subsequently, a detailed analysis of the excited states at a correlated ab initio level highlights the presence of a number of closely spaced singlet and triplet states of varying character. Results from five density functionals are compared against this reference revealing dramatic changes in, both, excited state energies and wavefunctions following variations in the amount of Hartree-Fock exchange included. Excited-state minima are optimised in solution showing the crucial role of structural variations and symmetry breaking for producing a strongly emissive S1 state. The adiabatic singlet-triplet gaps thus obtained depend strongly on the range separation parameter used in the hybrid density functional calculations. More generally, this work highlights intricate differences present between singlet and triplet excited state wavefunctions and the challenges in describing them accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Kimber
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Pooja Goddard
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Iain A Wright
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Felix Plasser
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.
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11
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Mokkath JH. Delocalized exciton formation in C60 linear molecular aggregates. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:21901-21912. [PMID: 34558570 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02430b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Organic semiconducting materials containing C60 molecules are efficient acceptors for planar perovskite solar cells. In this work, we theoretically investigate the optical and excitonic properties of C60 linear molecular aggregates (composed of 1 to 7 C60 molecules) via the real-time-propagation rt-TDDFT technique. In the case of a single C60 molecule, the photoabsorption peaks are dominated by localized molecular excitons. We furthermore demonstrate that, in the case of linear molecular aggregates, the photoabsorption peaks are contributed by localized molecular excitons, charge transfer excitons, and Wannier-like delocalized excitons. This result is different to the accepted theory that only localized molecular excitons or charge transfer excitons can be produced in organic semiconducting materials. This work provides additional insights into the exciton formation in C60 molecular aggregates and may help in the rational design of efficient solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junais Habeeb Mokkath
- Quantum Nanophotonics Simulations Lab, Department of Physics, Kuwait College of Science And Technology, Doha Area, 7th Ring Road, P.O. Box 27235, Kuwait.
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12
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Sami S, Menger MFSJ, Faraji S, Broer R, Havenith RWA. Q-Force: Quantum Mechanically Augmented Molecular Force Fields. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:4946-4960. [PMID: 34251194 PMCID: PMC8359013 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The quality of molecular
dynamics simulations strongly depends
on the accuracy of the underlying force fields (FFs) that determine
all intra- and intermolecular interactions of the system. Commonly,
transferable FF parameters are determined based on a representative
set of small molecules. However, such an approach sacrifices accuracy
in favor of generality. In this work, an open-source and automated
toolkit named Q-Force is presented, which augments these transferable
FFs with molecule-specific bonded parameters and atomic charges that
are derived from quantum mechanical (QM) calculations. The molecular
fragmentation procedure allows treatment of large molecules (>200
atoms) with a low computational cost. The generated Q-Force FFs can
be used at the same computational cost as transferable FFs, but with
improved accuracy: We demonstrate this for the vibrational properties
on a set of small molecules and for the potential energy surface on
a complex molecule (186 atoms) with photovoltaic applications. Overall,
the accuracy, user-friendliness, and minimal computational overhead
of the Q-Force protocol make it widely applicable for atomistic molecular
dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selim Sami
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maximilian F S J Menger
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Shirin Faraji
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ria Broer
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Remco W A Havenith
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-(S3), B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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13
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Opata MR, Dreuw A. Embelin's Versatile Photochemistry Makes It a Potent Photosensitizer for Photodynamic Therapy. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:3527-3537. [PMID: 33821648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Embelin, a natural product isolated from Embelia ribes, is a promising small-molecular drug for photodynamic anticancer therapy. Using modern quantum chemical methodology, embelin is shown to possess a versatile photochemistry comprising the capability of singlet oxygen generation, excited-state proton transfer, and oxidation. In particular, the detailed molecular mechanisms of singlet oxygen generation and proton transfer upon excitation are studied in great detail. While excited-state proton transfer can damage the protein itself, it also mediates intersystem crossing along its reaction pathway, thus facilitating singlet oxygen generation. When embelin is bound to proteins, all these processes can lead to protein damage and the desired phototoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rogo Opata
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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14
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Chong Y, Zhang X, Chen B, Liu R, Wu Z, Zhang G, Jiang J, Mukamel S, Zhang G. Modulating Charge Separation and Intersystem Crossing in Donor-Switch-Acceptor Systems: A Computational Study. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:3088-3094. [PMID: 33830768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Charge separation and intersystem crossing play critical roles in various applications of organic long persistent luminescence materials, including light-emitting diodes, chemical sensors, theranostics, and many biomedical and information applications. Using first-principles calculations, we demonstrate that an azobenzene acting as a photoswitch can be used for altering the configuration of a donor-switch-acceptor (D-S-A) molecular system to ensure charge separation and promote intersystem crossing upon photoexcitation. The trans to cis photoisomerization of an azobenzene switch creates an electron trap that stabilizes the charge-separated state. The cis conformation further facilitates the singlet to triplet intersystem crossing in the excited state. Our theoretical study of the D-S-A system may help the design of long persistent luminescent organic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Chong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Biao Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Ran Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Organic OptoElectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Ziye Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.,School of Information, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Guozhen Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
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15
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Rathnachalam S, Menger MFS, Faraji S. Influence of the Environment on Shaping the Absorption of Monomeric Infrared Fluorescent Proteins. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:2231-2240. [PMID: 33626280 PMCID: PMC7957859 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c10466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Infrared fluorescent proteins (iRFPs) are potential candidates for deep-tissue in vivo imaging. Here, we provide molecular-level insights into the role of the protein environment in the structural stability of the chromophore within the protein binding pocket through the flexible hydrogen-bonding network using molecular dynamics simulation. Furthermore, we present systematic excited-state analysis to characterize the nature of the first two excited states and the role of the environment in shaping the nature of the chromophore's excited states within the hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics framework. Our results reveal that the environment red-shifts the absorption of the chromophore by about 0.32 eV compared to the isolated counterpart, and besides the structural stability, the protein environment does not alter the nature of the excited state of the chromophore significantly. Our study contributes to the fundamental understanding of the excited-state processes of iRFPs in a complex environment and provides a design principle for developing iRFPs with desired spectral properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivasudhan Rathnachalam
- Theoretical Chemistry
Group,
Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747AG, The Netherlands
| | - Maximilian F. S.
J. Menger
- Theoretical Chemistry
Group,
Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747AG, The Netherlands
| | - Shirin Faraji
- Theoretical Chemistry
Group,
Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747AG, The Netherlands
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16
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Besalú-Sala P, Voityuk AA, Luis JM, Solà M. Evaluation of charge-transfer rates in fullerene-based donor-acceptor dyads with different density functional approximations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:5376-5384. [PMID: 33645598 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06510b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The shift towards renewable energy is one of the main challenges of this generation. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), based on donor-acceptor architectures, can help in this transition as they present excellent photovoltaic efficiencies yet cheap and simple manufacturing. For molecular heterojunction DSSCs, donor-acceptor pairs are linked in a covalent manner, which facilitates their tailoring and rational design. Nevertheless, reliable computational characterization of charge transfer rate constants (kCT) is needed to speed this development process up. In this context, the performance of time-dependent density functional theory for the calculation of kCT values in donor-acceptor fullerene-based dyads has not been benchmarked yet. Herein, we present a detailed analysis on the performance of seven well-known density functional approximations (DFAs) for this type of system, focusing on several parameters such as the reorganization energies (λ), electronic couplings (VDA), and Gibbs energies (ΔG0CT), as well as the final rate constants. The amount of exact exchange at short range (SR) and long range (LR) electron-electron distances (and the transition from the SR to LR) turned out to be key for the success of the prediction. The tuning of these parameters improves significantly the performance of current DFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Besalú-Sala
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Alexander A Voityuk
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain. and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Josep M Luis
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
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17
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Aguilar Suarez LE, de Graaf C, Faraji S. Influence of the crystal packing in singlet fission: one step beyond the gas phase approximation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:14164-14177. [PMID: 33988190 PMCID: PMC8284770 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00298h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Singlet fission (SF), a multiexciton generation process, has been proposed as an alternative to enhance the performance of solar cells. The gas phase dimer model has shown its utility to study this process, but it does not always cover all the physics and the effect of the surrounding atoms has to be included in such cases. In this contribution, we explore the influence of crystal packing on the electronic couplings, and on the so-called exciton descriptors and electron–hole correlation plots. We have studied three tetracene dimers extracted from the crystal structure, as well as several dimers and trimers of the α and β polymorphs of 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF). These polymorphs show different SF yields. Our results highlight that the character of the excited states of tetracene depends on both the mutual disposition of molecules and inclusion of the environment. The latter does however not change significantly the interpretation of the SF mechanism in the studied systems. For DPBF, we establish how the excited state analysis is able to pinpoint differences between the polymorphs. We observe strongly bound correlated excitons in the β polymorph which might hinder the formation of the 1TT state and, consequently, explain its low SF yield. Singlet fission (SF), a multiexciton generation process, has been proposed as an alternative to enhance the performance of solar cells.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Enrique Aguilar Suarez
- Theoretical Chemistry Group, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Coen de Graaf
- Theoretical Chemistry Group, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands. and Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescelades, C. Marcel lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain and ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Shirin Faraji
- Theoretical Chemistry Group, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
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18
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A Unified Strategy for the Chemically Intuitive Interpretation of Molecular Optical Response Properties. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:7709-7720. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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19
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Nagy Á. Information theoretical and thermodynamic view of the excited-state density functional theory of Coulomb systems. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:154103. [PMID: 33092360 DOI: 10.1063/5.0015611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Excited states of Coulomb systems are studied within density functional theory with information theoretical quantities. The Ghosh-Berkowitz-Parr thermodynamic transcription is extended to excited states, and the concept of the local temperature is introduced. It is shown that extremization of information entropy or Fisher information results in a constant temperature. For Coulomb systems, there is a simple relation between the total energy and phase-space Fisher information. The phase-space fidelity between excited states is proportional to the position-space fidelity, with a factor of proportionality depending on total energies. The phase-space relative entropy is equal to the position-space relative entropy plus a term depending only on the total energies. The relationship between the phase-space fidelity susceptibility and Fisher information is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Á Nagy
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Debrecen, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
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20
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Coden M, De Checchi P, Fresch B. Spectral shift, electronic coupling and exciton delocalization in nanocrystal dimers: insights from all-atom electronic structure computations. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:18124-18136. [PMID: 32852028 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr05601d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Delocalization of excitons promoted by electronic coupling between clusters or quantum dots (QD) changes the dynamical processes in nanostructured aggregates enhancing energy transport. A spectroscopic shift of the absorption spectrum upon QD aggregation is commonly observed and ascribed to quantum mechanical coupling between neighbouring dots but also to exciton delocalization over the sulphur-based ligand shell or to other mechanisms as a change in the dielectric constant of the surrounding medium. We address the question of electronic coupling and exciton delocalization in nanocrystal aggregates by performing all-atom electronic structure calculations in models of colloidal QD dimers. The relation between spectral shift, interdot coupling and exciton delocalization is investigated in atomistic detail in models of dimers formed by CdSe clusters kept together by bridging organic ligands. Our results support the possibility of obtaining exciton delocalization over the dimer and point out the crucial role of the bridging ligand in enhancing interdot electronic coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Coden
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Pietro De Checchi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Barbara Fresch
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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21
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Carter-Fenk K, Herbert JM. State-Targeted Energy Projection: A Simple and Robust Approach to Orbital Relaxation of Non-Aufbau Self-Consistent Field Solutions. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:5067-5082. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Carter-Fenk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - John M. Herbert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Enrique Aguilar Suarez
- Theoretical Chemistry Group, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Maximilian F. S. J. Menger
- Theoretical Chemistry Group, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Shirin Faraji
- Theoretical Chemistry Group, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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23
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Campetella M, Sanz García J. Following the evolution of excited states along photochemical reaction pathways. J Comput Chem 2020; 41:1156-1164. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Campetella
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, UMR7588 F‐75005 Paris France
| | - Juan Sanz García
- Sorbonne Université, Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, UPMC Paris 06, UMR7616 F‐75005 Paris France
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24
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Rupp S, Plasser F, Krewald V. Multi‐Tier Electronic Structure Analysis of Sita's Mo and W Complexes Capable of Thermal or Photochemical N
2
Splitting. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201901304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Severine Rupp
- Fachbereich Chemie Theoretische Chemie Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich‐Weiss‐Str. 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Felix Plasser
- Department of Chemistry Loughborough University Loughborough LE11 3TU United Kingdom
| | - Vera Krewald
- Fachbereich Chemie Theoretische Chemie Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich‐Weiss‐Str. 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
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25
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Plasser F. TheoDORE: A toolbox for a detailed and automated analysis of electronic excited state computations. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:084108. [PMID: 32113349 DOI: 10.1063/1.5143076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of ever more powerful excited-state electronic structure methods has led to a tremendous increase in the predictive power of computation, but it has also rendered the analysis of these computations much more challenging and time-consuming. TheoDORE tackles this problem through providing tools for post-processing excited-state computations, which automate repetitive tasks and provide rigorous and reproducible descriptors. Interfaces are available for ten different quantum chemistry codes and a range of excited-state methods implemented therein. This article provides an overview of three popular functionalities within TheoDORE, a fragment-based analysis for assigning state character, the computation of exciton sizes for measuring charge transfer, and the natural transition orbitals used not only for visualization but also for quantifying multiconfigurational character. Using the examples of an organic push-pull chromophore and a transition metal complex, it is shown how these tools can be used for a rigorous and automated assignment of excited-state character. In the case of a conjugated polymer, we venture beyond the limits of the traditional molecular orbital picture to uncover spatial correlation effects using electron-hole correlation plots and conditional densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Plasser
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
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26
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Narsaria AK, Poater J, Fonseca Guerra C, Ehlers AW, Hamlin TA, Lammertsma K, Bickelhaupt FM. Distortion-Controlled Redshift of Organic Dye Molecules. Chemistry 2020; 26:2080-2093. [PMID: 31815315 PMCID: PMC7027851 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
It is shown, quantum chemically, how structural distortion of an aromatic dye molecule can be leveraged to rationally tune its optoelectronic properties. By using a quantitative Kohn-Sham molecular orbital (KS-MO) approach, in combination with time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT), the influence of various structural and electronic tuning parameters on the HOMO-LUMO gap of a benzenoid model dye have been investigated. These parameters include 1) out-of-plane bending of the aromatic core, 2) bending of the bridge with respect to the core, 3) the nature of the bridge itself, and 4) π-π stacking. The study reveals the coupling of multiple structural distortions as a function of bridge length and number of bridges in benzene to be chiefly responsible for a decreased HOMO-LUMO gap, and consequently, red-shifting of the absorption wavelength associated with the lowest singlet excitation (λ≈560 nm) in the model cyclophane systems. These physical insights together with a rational approach for tuning the oscillator strength were leveraged for the proof-of-concept design of an intense near-infrared (NIR) absorbing cyclophane dye at λ=785 nm. This design may contribute to a new class of distortion-controlled NIR absorbing organic dye molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayush K. Narsaria
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for, Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jordi Poater
- ICREAPg. Lluís Companys 2308010BarcelonaSpain
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica & IQTCUBUniversitat de BarcelonaMartí i Franquès 1-1108028BarcelonaSpain
| | - Célia Fonseca Guerra
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for, Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Gorlaeus LaboratoriesLeiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden UniversityEinsteinweg 552333 CCLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Andreas W. Ehlers
- van't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of JohannesburgAuckland ParkJohannesburg2006South Africa
| | - Trevor A. Hamlin
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for, Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Koop Lammertsma
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for, Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of JohannesburgAuckland ParkJohannesburg2006South Africa
| | - F. Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for, Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Institute of Molecules and Materials (IMM)Radboud University NijmegenHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
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27
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Kimber P, Plasser F. Toward an understanding of electronic excitation energies beyond the molecular orbital picture. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:6058-6080. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00369g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Can we gain an intuitive understanding of excitation energies beyond the molecular picture?
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Kimber
- Department of Chemistry
- Loughborough University
- Loughborough
- UK
| | - Felix Plasser
- Department of Chemistry
- Loughborough University
- Loughborough
- UK
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28
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Li C, Hu J, Tashiro K, Ren Z, Yan S. Synthesis and Cyclization-Induced Charge Transfer of Rectangular Bisterthiophenesiloxanes. Chemistry 2019; 25:13701-13704. [PMID: 31441560 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cyclization-modified terthiophene displays the change of emission behavior from locally excited (LE) to the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) state. The rectangular bisterthiophenesiloxanes (DSiTh) was successfully prepared by π-π-stacking-aided hydrogen-bonding interactions. Cyclization-induced ICT in DSiTh could be observed, which was confirmed by absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra, and quantum chemistry analysis. The cyclization produces a strong intramolecular electron redistribution of a highly packed π-conjugated terthiophene. Thus, a distinctive variation of the dipole moment and a through-space ICT happen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chensen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jian Hu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Kohji Tashiro
- Department of Future Industry-Oriented Basic Science and Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Toyota Technological Institute, Tempaku, Nagoya, 468-8511, Japan
| | - Zhongjie Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Shouke Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
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29
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de Wergifosse M, Seibert J, Champagne B, Grimme S. Are Fully Conjugated Expanded Indenofluorenes Analogues and Diindeno[n]thiophene Derivatives Diradicals? A Simplified (Spin-Flip) Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory [(SF-)sTD-DFT] Study. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:9828-9839. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b08474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc de Wergifosse
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Beringstrasse 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jakob Seibert
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Beringstrasse 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Benoît Champagne
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, Département de Chimie, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Beringstrasse 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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30
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Hoffmann M, Mewes SA, Wieland S, Popp C, Dreuw A. Electron-Hole Correlation as Unambiguous and Universal Classification for the Nature of Low-Lying ππ* States of Nitrogen Heterocycles. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:6112-6117. [PMID: 31573203 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The 1La and 1Lb classification of electronically excited states of cata-condensed hydrocarbons proposed by Platt in 1949 ( Platt , J. R. J. Chem. Phys. 1949 , 17 , 484 ) is challenged by investigating a series of N-heteronaphthalenes and comparison of their low-lying ππ* excited states to those of naphthalene. The breakdown of Platt's classification scheme for N-heterocycles is highlighted, and a reliable and versatile alternative using exciton analyses is presented. The strength of electron-hole correlation turns out to be the most reliable distinguishing feature, and thus, an alternative nomenclature of 1Lw (weakly correlated) and 1Ls (strongly correlated) is proposed. Furthermore, fundamental guidelines for their property modulation through N-atom substitution patterns are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Hoffmann
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing , Ruprecht-Karls University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 205A , D-69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Stefanie A Mewes
- Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, New Zealand Institute for Advanced Studies , Massey University Albany , Private Bag 102904, Auckland 0632 , New Zealand
| | - Sonja Wieland
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing , Ruprecht-Karls University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 205A , D-69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Christoph Popp
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing , Ruprecht-Karls University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 205A , D-69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing , Ruprecht-Karls University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 205A , D-69120 Heidelberg , Germany
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31
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Charge-transfer excitons of metal intercalated pentacene dimers. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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32
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Katari M, Carmichael D, Jacquemin D, Frison G. Structure of Electronically Reduced N-Donor Bidentate Ligands and Their Heteroleptic Four-Coordinate Zinc Complexes: A Survey of Density Functional Theory Results. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:7169-7179. [PMID: 31117621 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b03549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The role of Hartree-Fock exchange in describing the structural changes occurring upon reduction of bipyridine-based ligands and their complexes is investigated within the framework of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. A set of four free ligands in their neutral and radical anionic forms, and two of their zinc complexes in their dicationic and monocationic radical forms, is used to compare a large panel of pure, conventional, and long-range corrected hybrid DFT functionals; coupled cluster single and double calculations are used alongside experimental results as benchmarks. Particular attention has been devoted to the magnitude of the change, upon reduction, of the Δ-parameter, which measures the difference between the Cpy-Cpy and the C-N bond lengths in bipyridine ligand and is known to experimentally correlate with the charge of the ligands. Our results indicate that the structural changes significantly depend on the amount of exact exchange included in the functional. A progressive evolution is observed for the free ligands, whereas two distinct sets of results are obtained for the complexes. Functionals with a small degree of HF exchange, e.g., B3LYP, do not adequately describe geometric changes for the considered species, and, quite surprisingly, the same holds for the CC2 method. The best agreement to experimental and CCSD values is obtained with functionals that include a significant but not excessive part of exact exchange, e.g., CAM-B3LYP, M06-2X, and ωB97X-D. The calculated localization of the added electron after reduction, which depends on the self-interaction error, is used to rationalize these outcomes. Static correlation is also shown to play a role in the accurate description of the electronic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Duncan Carmichael
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique , IP Paris , F-91128 Palaiseau , France
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- University of Nantes , CNRS, CEISAM (UMR 6230), 2 chemin de la Houssinière , 44322 Nantes , Cedex 03 , France
| | - Gilles Frison
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique , IP Paris , F-91128 Palaiseau , France
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Plasser
- Department of ChemistryLoughborough University Loughborough LE11 3TU United Kingdom
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34
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Mewes SA, Dreuw A. Density-based descriptors and exciton analyses for visualizing and understanding the electronic structure of excited states. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:2843-2856. [PMID: 30687866 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07191h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Analysis and interpretation of the electronic structure of excited electronic states are prerequisites for developing a fundamental understanding of photochemistry and optical properties of molecular systems and an everyday task for a computational photochemist. Hence, wavefunction-based and density-based analysis tools have been devised over the last decades, and most recently also a family of quantitative exciton-wavefunction based descriptors has been developed. While the latter represent the main focus of this perspective, they are also discussed in the context of other existing analysis methods. Exciton analysis bridges the gap between the physically intuitive exciton picture and complex quantum-chemical wavefunctions by yielding insightful quantitative descriptors like exciton size, hole and electron size, electron-hole distance and exciton correlation. Thereby, not only a comprehensive characterization of the electronic structure is provided, but moreover, the formalism is automatizable and thus also optimally suited for benchmarking excited-state electronic structure methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie A Mewes
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205 A, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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35
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Campetella M, Perfetto A, Ciofini I. Quantifying partial hole-particle distance at the excited state: A revised version of the DCT index. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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36
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Diagnosis of two evaluation paths to density-based descriptors of molecular electronic transitions. ADVANCES IN QUANTUM CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aiq.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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37
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Narsaria AK, Poater J, Fonseca Guerra C, Ehlers AW, Lammertsma K, Bickelhaupt FM. Rational design of near-infrared absorbing organic dyes: Controlling the HOMO-LUMO gap using quantitative molecular orbital theory. J Comput Chem 2018; 39:2690-2696. [PMID: 30515900 PMCID: PMC6587560 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Principles are presented for the design of functional near-infrared (NIR) organic dye molecules composed of simple donor (D), spacer (π), and acceptor (A) building blocks in a D-π-A fashion. Quantitative Kohn-Sham molecular orbital analysis enables accurate fine-tuning of the electronic properties of the π-conjugated aromatic cores by effecting their size, including silaaromatics, adding donor and acceptor substituents, and manipulating the D-π-A torsional angle. The trends in HOMO-LUMO gaps of the model dyes correlate with the excitation energies computed with time-dependent density functional theory at CAMY-B3LYP. Design principles could be developed from these analyses, which led to a proof-of-concept linear D-π-A with a strong excited-state intramolecular charge transfer and a NIR absorption at 879 nm. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Computational Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayush K. Narsaria
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jordi Poater
- ICREABarcelonaSpain
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry and IQTCUBUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Célia Fonseca Guerra
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus LaboratoriesLeiden University, LeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Andreas W. Ehlers
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 904, 1098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of JohannesburgAuckland Park, Johannesburg2006South Africa
| | - Koop Lammertsma
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of JohannesburgAuckland Park, Johannesburg2006South Africa
| | - F. Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Institute of Molecules and MaterialsRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
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38
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Hermann G, Marsoner Steinkasserer LE, Paulus B, Tremblay JC. Dipole-Induced Transition Orbitals: A Novel Tool for Investigating Optical Transitions in Extended Systems. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:6624-6630. [PMID: 30376337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Optical absorption spectra for nanostructures and solids can be obtained from the macroscopic dielectric function within the random phase approximation. While experimental spectra can be reproduced with good accuracy, important properties, such as the charge-transfer character associated with a particular transition, are not retrievable. This contribution presents a computationally inexpensive method for the analysis of optical and excitonic properties for extended systems based on solely their electronic ground-state structure. We formulate a perturbative orbital transformation theory based on dipole-induced transition moments between orbitals, which yields correlated pairs of particle and hole functions. To demonstrate the potency of this new transformation formalism, we investigate the nature of excitations in inorganic molecular complexes and in extended systems. With our method, it is possible to extract mechanistic insights from the transitions observed in the optical spectrum, without requiring explicit calculation of the many-electron excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunter Hermann
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustraße 3 , D-14195 Berlin , Germany
| | | | - Beate Paulus
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustraße 3 , D-14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Jean Christophe Tremblay
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustraße 3 , D-14195 Berlin , Germany
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques , CNRS-Université de Lorraine , UMR 7019, ICPM, 1 Bd Arago , 57070 Metz , France
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39
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Fletcher K, Krämer M, Bunz UH, Dreuw A. The π-conjugation length determines the fluorescence quenching mechanism of aromatic aldehydes in water. Chem Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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40
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Scheurer M, Herbst MF, Reinholdt P, Olsen JMH, Dreuw A, Kongsted J. Polarizable Embedding Combined with the Algebraic Diagrammatic Construction: Tackling Excited States in Biomolecular Systems. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:4870-4883. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Scheurer
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Michael F. Herbst
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Reinholdt
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Jógvan Magnus Haugaard Olsen
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jacob Kongsted
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
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41
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Wang X, Liu X, Cook C, Schatschneider B, Marom N. On the possibility of singlet fission in crystalline quaterrylene. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:184101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5027553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Xingyu Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Cameron Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State Polytechnic University at Pomona, Pomona, California 91768, USA
| | - Bohdan Schatschneider
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State Polytechnic University at Pomona, Pomona, California 91768, USA
| | - Noa Marom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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42
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Mai S, Plasser F, Dorn J, Fumanal M, Daniel C, González L. Quantitative wave function analysis for excited states of transition metal complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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43
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Fujita T, Mochizuki Y. Development of the Fragment Molecular Orbital Method for Calculating Nonlocal Excitations in Large Molecular Systems. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:3886-3898. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuji Mochizuki
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Smart Molecules, Faculty of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
- Institute for Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
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44
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Mewes SA, Plasser F, Krylov A, Dreuw A. Benchmarking Excited-State Calculations Using Exciton Properties. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:710-725. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b01145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie A. Mewes
- Interdisciplinary
Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205A, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre
for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, The New Zealand Institute for
Advanced Study (NZIAS), Massey University Albany, Private Bag 102904, Auckland 0745, New Zealand
| | - Felix Plasser
- Institute
for Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingstrasse 17, A-1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Anna Krylov
- University of Southern California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, United States
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary
Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205A, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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45
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Acharya A, Chaudhuri S, Batista VS. Can TDDFT Describe Excited Electronic States of Naphthol Photoacids? A Closer Look with EOM-CCSD. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:867-876. [PMID: 29298059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b01101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The 1Lb and 1La excited states of naphthols are characterized by using time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT), configuration interaction with singles (CIS), and equation-of-motion coupled cluster singles and doubles (EOM-CCSD) methods. TDDFT fails dramatically at predicting the energy and ordering of the 1La and 1Lb excited states as observed experimentally, while EOM-CCSD accurately predicts the excited states as characterized by natural transition orbital analysis. The limitations of TDDFT are attributed to the absence of correlation from doubly excited configurations as well as the inconsistent description of excited electronic states of naphthol photoacids revealed by excitation analysis based on the one-electron transition density matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Acharya
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Subhajyoti Chaudhuri
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Victor S Batista
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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46
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Sanz García J, Maschietto F, Campetella M, Ciofini I. Using Density Based Indexes and Wave Function Methods for the Description of Excited States: Excited State Proton Transfer Reactions as a Test Case. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:375-382. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b10033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Sanz García
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research
University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Federica Maschietto
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research
University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Marco Campetella
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research
University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Ilaria Ciofini
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research
University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, F-75005 Paris, France
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47
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Maitra NT. Charge transfer in time-dependent density functional theory. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:423001. [PMID: 28766507 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa836e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Charge transfer plays a crucial role in many processes of interest in physics, chemistry, and bio-chemistry. In many applications the size of the systems involved calls for time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) to be used in their computational modeling, due to its unprecedented balance between accuracy and efficiency. However, although exact in principle, in practise approximations must be made for the exchange-correlation functional in this theory, and the standard functional approximations perform poorly for excitations which have a long-range charge-transfer component. Intense progress has been made in developing more sophisticated functionals for this problem, which we review. We point out an essential difference between the properties of the exchange-correlation kernel needed for an accurate description of charge-transfer between open-shell fragments and between closed-shell fragments. We then turn to charge-transfer dynamics, which, in contrast to the excitation problem, is a highly non-equilibrium, non-perturbative, process involving a transfer of one full electron in space. This turns out to be a much more challenging problem for TDDFT functionals. We describe dynamical step and peak features in the exact functional evolving over time, that are missing in the functionals currently used. The latter underestimate the amount of charge transferred and manifest a spurious shift in the charge transfer resonance position. We discuss some explicit examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neepa T Maitra
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hunter College and the Physics Program at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, NY 10065, United States of America
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48
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Plasser F, Mewes SA, Dreuw A, González L. Detailed Wave Function Analysis for Multireference Methods: Implementation in the Molcas Program Package and Applications to Tetracene. J Chem Theory Comput 2017; 13:5343-5353. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b00718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Plasser
- Institute
for Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie A. Mewes
- Interdisciplinary
Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205 A, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre
for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, The New Zealand Institute for
Advanced Study (NZIAS), Massey University Albany, Private Bag 102904, Auckland 0745, New Zealand
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary
Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205 A, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leticia González
- Institute
for Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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49
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Fazzi D, Barbatti M, Thiel W. Hot and Cold Charge-Transfer Mechanisms in Organic Photovoltaics: Insights into the Excited States of Donor/Acceptor Interfaces. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:4727-4734. [PMID: 28903560 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of the excited-state manifold in organic D/A aggregates (e.g., the prototypical P3HT/PCBM) is investigated through a bottom-up approach via first-principles calculations. We show how the excited-state energies, the charge transfer (CT) states, and the electron-hole density distributions are strongly influenced by the size, the orientation, and the position (i.e., on-top versus on-edge phases) of P3HT/PCBM domains. We discuss how the structural order influences the excited-state electronic structure, providing an atomistic interpretation of the photophysics of organic blends. We show how the simultaneous presence of on-top and on-edge phases does not alter the optical absorption spectrum of the blend but does affect the photophysics. Photovoltaic processes such as (i) the simultaneous charge generation obtained from hot and cold excitations, (ii) the instantaneous and delayed charge separation, and (iii) the pump-push-probe charge generation can be interpreted based on our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Fazzi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung , Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | | | - Walter Thiel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung , Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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50
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Li C, Verma P, Hannon KP, Evangelista FA. A low-cost approach to electronic excitation energies based on the driven similarity renormalization group. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:074107. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4997480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Li
- Department of Chemistry and Cherry Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Prakash Verma
- Department of Chemistry and Cherry Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Kevin P. Hannon
- Department of Chemistry and Cherry Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Francesco A. Evangelista
- Department of Chemistry and Cherry Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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