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Zhu J, Pan S, Chai H, Zhao P, Feng Y, Cheng Z, Zhang S, Wang W. Microfluidic Impedance Cytometry Enabled One-Step Sample Preparation for Efficient Single-Cell Mass Spectrometry. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310700. [PMID: 38483007 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Single-cell mass spectrometry (MS) is significant in biochemical analysis and holds great potential in biomedical applications. Efficient sample preparation like sorting (i.e., separating target cells from the mixed population) and desalting (i.e., moving the cells off non-volatile salt solution) is urgently required in single-cell MS. However, traditional sample preparation methods suffer from complicated operation with various apparatus, or insufficient performance. Herein, a one-step sample preparation strategy by leveraging label-free impedance flow cytometry (IFC) based microfluidics is proposed. Specifically, the IFC framework to characterize and sort single-cells is adopted. Simultaneously with sorting, the target cell is transferred from the local high-salinity buffer to the MS-compatible solution. In this way, one-step sorting and desalting are achieved and the collected cells can be directly fed for MS analysis. A high sorting efficiency (>99%), cancer cell purity (≈87%), and desalting efficiency (>99%), and the whole workflow of impedance-based separation and MS analysis of normal cells (MCF-10A) and cancer cells (MDA-MB-468) are verified. As a standalone sample preparation module, the microfluidic chip is compatible with a variety of MS analysis methods, and envisioned to provide a new paradigm in efficient MS sample preparation, and further in multi-modal (i.e., electrical and metabolic) characterization of single-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Siyuan Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Huichao Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yongxiang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Sichun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Julius LAN, Akgül D, Krishnan G, Falk F, Korvink J, Badilita V. Portable dielectrophoresis for biology: ADEPT facilitates cell trapping, separation, and interactions. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2024; 10:29. [PMID: 38434587 PMCID: PMC10907756 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-024-00654-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Dielectrophoresis is a powerful and well-established technique that allows label-free, non-invasive manipulation of cells and particles by leveraging their electrical properties. The practical implementation of the associated electronics and user interface in a biology laboratory, however, requires an engineering background, thus hindering the broader adoption of the technique. In order to address these challenges and to bridge the gap between biologists and the engineering skills required for the implementation of DEP platforms, we report here a custom-built, compact, universal electronic platform termed ADEPT (adaptable dielectrophoresis embedded platform tool) for use with a simple microfluidic chip containing six microelectrodes. The versatility of the open-source platform is ensured by a custom-developed graphical user interface that permits simple reconfiguration of the control signals to address a wide-range of specific applications: (i) precision positioning of the single bacterium/cell/particle in the micrometer range; (ii) viability-based separation by achieving a 94% efficiency in separating live and dead yeast; (iii) phenotype-based separation by achieving a 96% efficiency in separating yeast and Bacillus subtilis; (iv) cell-cell interactions by steering a phagocytosis process where a granulocyte engulfs E. coli RGB-S bacterium. Together, the set of experiments and the platform form a complete basis for a wide range of possible applications addressing various biological questions exploiting the plug-and-play design and the intuitive GUI of ADEPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Albina Nirupa Julius
- Department, Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344 Baden-Württemberg Germany
| | - Dora Akgül
- Department, Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344 Baden-Württemberg Germany
| | - Gowri Krishnan
- Department, Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344 Baden-Württemberg Germany
| | - Fabian Falk
- Department, Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344 Baden-Württemberg Germany
| | - Jan Korvink
- Department, Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344 Baden-Württemberg Germany
| | - Vlad Badilita
- Department, Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344 Baden-Württemberg Germany
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3
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Hu R, Li Y, Yang Y, Liu M. Mass spectrometry-based strategies for single-cell metabolomics. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:67-94. [PMID: 34028064 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Single cell analysis has drawn increasing interest from the research community due to its capability to interrogate cellular heterogeneity, allowing refined tissue classification and facilitating novel biomarker discovery. With the advancement of relevant instruments and techniques, it is now possible to perform multiple omics including genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics or even proteomics at single cell level. In comparison with other omics studies, single-cell metabolomics (SCM) represents a significant challenge since it involves many types of dynamically changing compounds with a wide range of concentrations. In addition, metabolites cannot be amplified. Although difficult, considerable progress has been made over the past decade in mass spectrometry (MS)-based SCM in terms of processing technologies and biochemical applications. In this review, we will summarize recent progress in the development of promising MS platforms, sample preparation methods and SCM analysis of various cell types (including plant cell, cancer cell, neuron, embryo cell, and yeast cell). Current limitations and future research directions in the field of SCM will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunhuang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Maili Liu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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4
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Zare Harofte S, Soltani M, Siavashy S, Raahemifar K. Recent Advances of Utilizing Artificial Intelligence in Lab on a Chip for Diagnosis and Treatment. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2203169. [PMID: 36026569 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, artificial intelligence (AI) creates numerous promising opportunities in the life sciences. AI methods can be significantly advantageous for analyzing the massive datasets provided by biotechnology systems for biological and biomedical applications. Microfluidics, with the developments in controlled reaction chambers, high-throughput arrays, and positioning systems, generate big data that is not necessarily analyzed successfully. Integrating AI and microfluidics can pave the way for both experimental and analytical throughputs in biotechnology research. Microfluidics enhances the experimental methods and reduces the cost and scale, while AI methods significantly improve the analysis of huge datasets obtained from high-throughput and multiplexed microfluidics. This review briefly presents a survey of the role of AI and microfluidics in biotechnology. Also, the incorporation of AI with microfluidics is comprehensively investigated. Specifically, recent studies that perform flow cytometry cell classification, cell isolation, and a combination of them by gaining from both AI methods and microfluidic techniques are covered. Despite all current challenges, various fields of biotechnology can be remarkably affected by the combination of AI and microfluidic technologies. Some of these fields include point-of-care systems, precision, personalized medicine, regenerative medicine, prognostics, diagnostics, and treatment of oncology and non-oncology-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Zare Harofte
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, 19967-15433, Iran
| | - Madjid Soltani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, 19967-15433, Iran
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CBB), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Advanced Bioengineering Initiative Center, Multidisciplinary International Complex, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, 14176-14411, Iran
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14197-33141, Iran
| | - Saeed Siavashy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, 19967-15433, Iran
| | - Kaamran Raahemifar
- Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Program, College of Information Sciences and Technology (IST), Penn State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
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5
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Recent advances in integrated microfluidics for liquid biopsies and future directions. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 217:114715. [PMID: 36174359 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liquid biopsies have piqued the interest of researchers as a new tumor diagnosis technique due to their unique benefits of non-invasiveness, sensitivity, and convenience. Recent advances in microfluidic technology have integrated separation, purification, and detection, allowing for high-throughput, high-sensitivity, and high-controllability detection of specific biomarkers in liquid biopsies. With the increasing demand for tumor detection and individualized treatment, new challenges are emerging for the ever-improving microfluidic technology. The state-of-the-art microfluidic design and fabrications have been reviewed in this manuscript, and how this technology can be applied to liquid biopsies from the point of view of the detection process. The primary discussion objectives are circulating tumor cells (CTCs), exosomes, and circulating nucleic acid (ctDNA). Furthermore, the challenges and future direction of microfluidic technology in detecting liquid biomarkers have been discussed.
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He S, Wei J, Ding L, Yang X, Wu Y. State-of-the-arts techniques and current evolving approaches in the separation and detection of circulating tumor cell. Talanta 2021; 239:123024. [PMID: 34952370 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.123024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cancer cells that shed from the primary tumor and then enter the circulatory system, a small part of which may evolve into metastatic cancer under appropriate microenvironment conditions. The detection of CTCs is a truly noninvasive, dynamic monitor for disease changes, which has considerable clinical implications in the selection of targeted drugs. However, their inherent rarity and heterogeneity pose significant challenges to their isolation and detection. Even the "gold standard", CellSearch™, suffers from high expenses, low capture efficiency, and the consumption of time. With the advancement of CTCs analysis technologies in recent years, the yield and efficiency of CTCs enrichment have gradually been improved, as well as detection sensitivity. In this review, the isolation and detection strategies of CTCs have been completely described and the potential directions for future research and development have also been highlighted through analyzing the challenges faced by current strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitian He
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Jinlan Wei
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Lihua Ding
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xiaonan Yang
- School of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Yongjun Wu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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7
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Zhou WM, Yan YY, Guo QR, Ji H, Wang H, Xu TT, Makabel B, Pilarsky C, He G, Yu XY, Zhang JY. Microfluidics applications for high-throughput single cell sequencing. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:312. [PMID: 34635104 PMCID: PMC8507141 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01045-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The inherent heterogeneity of individual cells in cell populations plays significant roles in disease development and progression, which is critical for disease diagnosis and treatment. Substantial evidences show that the majority of traditional gene profiling methods mask the difference of individual cells. Single cell sequencing can provide data to characterize the inherent heterogeneity of individual cells, and reveal complex and rare cell populations. Different microfluidic technologies have emerged for single cell researches and become the frontiers and hot topics over the past decade. In this review article, we introduce the processes of single cell sequencing, and review the principles of microfluidics for single cell analysis. Also, we discuss the common high-throughput single cell sequencing technologies along with their advantages and disadvantages. Lastly, microfluidics applications in single cell sequencing technology for the diagnosis of cancers and immune system diseases are briefly illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Min Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology , The State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Yan Yan
- School of Medicine, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao-Ru Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology , The State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology , The State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics/Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Tian Xu
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics/Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, People's Republic of China
| | - Bolat Makabel
- Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, Urumqi, 830004, People's Republic of China
| | - Christian Pilarsky
- Department of Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gen He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology , The State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xi-Yong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology , The State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian-Ye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology , The State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Huang L, Feng Y, Liang F, Zhao P, Wang W. Dual-fiber microfluidic chip for multimodal manipulation of single cells. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2021; 15:014106. [PMID: 33537113 PMCID: PMC7846294 DOI: 10.1063/5.0039087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
On-chip single-cell manipulation is imperative in cell biology and it is desirable for a microfluidic chip to have multimodal manipulation capability. Here, we embedded two counter-propagating optical fibers into the microfluidic chip and configured their relative position in space to produce different misalignments. By doing so, we demonstrated multimodal manipulation of single cells, including capture, stretching, translation, orbital revolution, and spin rotation. The rotational manipulation can be in-plane or out-of-plane, providing flexibility and capability to observe the cells from different angles. Based on out-of-plane rotation, we performed a 3D reconstruction of cell morphology and extracted its five geometric parameters as biophysical features. We envision that this type of microfluidic chip configured with dual optical fibers can be helpful in manipulating cells as the upstream process of single-cell analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yongxiang Feng
- Department of Precision Instrument, State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fei Liang
- Department of Precision Instrument, State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Precision Instrument, State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- Department of Precision Instrument, State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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9
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Ye S, Feng S, Huang L, Bian S. Recent Progress in Wearable Biosensors: From Healthcare Monitoring to Sports Analytics. BIOSENSORS 2020; 10:E205. [PMID: 33333888 PMCID: PMC7765261 DOI: 10.3390/bios10120205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in lab-on-a-chip technology establish solid foundations for wearable biosensors. These newly emerging wearable biosensors are capable of non-invasive, continuous monitoring by miniaturization of electronics and integration with microfluidics. The advent of flexible electronics, biochemical sensors, soft microfluidics, and pain-free microneedles have created new generations of wearable biosensors that explore brand-new avenues to interface with the human epidermis for monitoring physiological status. However, these devices are relatively underexplored for sports monitoring and analytics, which may be largely facilitated by the recent emergence of wearable biosensors characterized by real-time, non-invasive, and non-irritating sensing capacities. Here, we present a systematic review of wearable biosensing technologies with a focus on materials and fabrication strategies, sampling modalities, sensing modalities, as well as key analytes and wearable biosensing platforms for healthcare and sports monitoring with an emphasis on sweat and interstitial fluid biosensing. This review concludes with a summary of unresolved challenges and opportunities for future researchers interested in these technologies. With an in-depth understanding of the state-of-the-art wearable biosensing technologies, wearable biosensors for sports analytics would have a significant impact on the rapidly growing field-microfluidics for biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Ye
- Microfluidics Research & Innovation Laboratory, School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China;
- Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shilun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China;
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Liang Huang
- School of Instrument Science and Opto–Electronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China;
| | - Shengtai Bian
- Microfluidics Research & Innovation Laboratory, School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China;
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10
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On-chip simultaneous rotation of large-scale cells by acoustically oscillating bubble array. Biomed Microdevices 2020; 22:13. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-020-0470-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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11
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Fan L, Zhao Z, Tao Y, Wu X, Yan Q, Zhe J, Zhao L. Enhanced viscoelastic focusing of particle in microchannel. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:973-982. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang‐Liang Fan
- School of Mechanical EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Zhi Zhao
- School of Mechanical EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Yi‐Yi Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Xu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Qing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Jiang Zhe
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Akron Akron OH USA
| | - Liang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
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12
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Huang L, Liang F, Feng Y, Zhao P, Wang W. On-chip integrated optical stretching and electrorotation enabling single-cell biophysical analysis. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2020; 6:57. [PMID: 34567668 PMCID: PMC8433418 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-020-0162-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cells have different intrinsic markers such as mechanical and electrical properties, which may be used as specific characteristics. Here, we present a microfluidic chip configured with two opposing optical fibers and four 3D electrodes for multiphysical parameter measurement. The chip leverages optical fibers to capture and stretch a single cell and uses 3D electrodes to achieve rotation of the single cell. According to the stretching deformation and rotation spectrum, the mechanical and dielectric properties can be extracted. We provided proof of concept by testing five types of cells (HeLa, A549, HepaRG, MCF7 and MCF10A) and determined five biophysical parameters, namely, shear modulus, steady-state viscosity, and relaxation time from the stretching deformation and area-specific membrane capacitance and cytoplasm conductivity from the rotation spectra. We showed the potential of the chip in cancer research by observing subtle changes in the cellular properties of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) A549 cells. The new chip provides a microfluidic platform capable of multiparameter characterization of single cells, which can play an important role in the field of single-cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Huang
- Department of Precision Instrument, State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Fei Liang
- Department of Precision Instrument, State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongxiang Feng
- Department of Precision Instrument, State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Precision Instrument, State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- Department of Precision Instrument, State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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13
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Salvianti F, Costanza F, Sonnati G, Pinzani P. Detection and Characterization of Circulating Tumor Cells by Quantitative Real-Time PCR. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2065:139-151. [PMID: 31578693 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9833-3_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We propose two different approaches involving the use of quantitative real-time PCR for the detection or analysis of circulating tumor cells. In one case cells are indirectly identified through the expression of a marker mRNA, while in the other one cells are enriched by size prior to be submitted to mutational analysis for a specific target. Both methods have been successfully applied to the study of circulating melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Salvianti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Filomena Costanza
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gemma Sonnati
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Pamela Pinzani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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15
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Xuan X. Recent Advances in Continuous-Flow Particle Manipulations Using Magnetic Fluids. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E744. [PMID: 31683660 PMCID: PMC6915689 DOI: 10.3390/mi10110744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic field-induced particle manipulation is simple and economic as compared to other techniques (e.g., electric, acoustic, and optical) for lab-on-a-chip applications. However, traditional magnetic controls require the particles to be manipulated being magnetizable, which renders it necessary to magnetically label particles that are almost exclusively diamagnetic in nature. In the past decade, magnetic fluids including paramagnetic solutions and ferrofluids have been increasingly used in microfluidic devices to implement label-free manipulations of various types of particles (both synthetic and biological). We review herein the recent advances in this field with focus upon the continuous-flow particle manipulations. Specifically, we review the reported studies on the negative magnetophoresis-induced deflection, focusing, enrichment, separation, and medium exchange of diamagnetic particles in the continuous flow of magnetic fluids through microchannels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangchun Xuan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0921, USA.
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16
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Yue WQ, Tan Z, Li XP, Liu FF, Wang C. Micro/nanofluidic technologies for efficient isolation and detection of circulating tumor cells. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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17
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Abstract
Precision medicine is emerging as a cornerstone of future cancer care with the objective of providing targeted therapies based on the molecular phenotype of each individual patient. Traditional bulk-level molecular phenotyping of tumours leads to significant information loss, as the molecular profile represents an average phenotype over large numbers of cells, while cancer is a disease with inherent intra-tumour heterogeneity at the cellular level caused by several factors, including clonal evolution, tissue hierarchies, rare cells and dynamic cell states. Single-cell sequencing provides means to characterize heterogeneity in a large population of cells and opens up opportunity to determine key molecular properties that influence clinical outcomes, including prognosis and probability of treatment response. Single-cell sequencing methods are now reliable enough to be used in many research laboratories, and we are starting to see applications of these technologies for characterization of human primary cancer cells. In this review, we provide an overview of studies that have applied single-cell sequencing to characterize human cancers at the single-cell level, and we discuss some of the current challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Rantalainen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels Vag 12A, Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Fraser LA, Cheung YW, Kinghorn AB, Guo W, Shiu SCC, Jinata C, Liu M, Bhuyan S, Nan L, Shum HC, Tanner JA. Microfluidic Technology for Nucleic Acid Aptamer Evolution and Application. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 3:e1900012. [PMID: 32627415 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201900012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The intersection of microfluidics and aptamer technologies holds particular promise for rapid progress in a plethora of applications across biomedical science and other areas. Here, the influence of microfluidics on the field of aptamers, from traditional capillary electrophoresis approaches through innovative modern-day approaches using micromagnetic beads and emulsion droplets, is reviewed. Miniaturizing aptamer-based bioassays through microfluidics has the potential to transform diagnostics and embedded biosensing in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis A Fraser
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Yee-Wai Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Andrew B Kinghorn
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Simon Chi-Chin Shiu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Chandra Jinata
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Mengping Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Soubhagya Bhuyan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Lang Nan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Ho Cheung Shum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Julian A Tanner
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
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19
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Xuan X. Recent advances in direct current electrokinetic manipulation of particles for microfluidic applications. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:2484-2513. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangchun Xuan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Clemson University; Clemson SC USA
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20
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Wu J, Lin JM. Microfluidic Technology for Single-Cell Capture and Isolation. MICROFLUIDICS FOR SINGLE-CELL ANALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9729-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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21
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Yao J, Chen J, Cao X, Dong H. Combining 3D sidewall electrodes and contraction/expansion microstructures in microchip promotes isolation of cancer cells from red blood cells. Talanta 2018; 196:546-555. [PMID: 30683404 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell sorting from heterogeneous organisms and tissues composed of multi-type cells is of great importance in biological and clinical applications. As promising cell sorting methods, dielectrophoresis (DEP) and hydrodynamics are attracting much attention in recent years. In this paper, we report a novel strategy by coupling DEP unit (3D sidewall electrodes) and hydrodynamic unit (microchannels with contraction/expansion structures) together in one microfluidic chip. Depending on the relative positions of 3D sidewall electrodes and contraction/expansion structure, three microchips (full-coupling, semi-coupling and non-coupling) are developed and their cell sorting performance are compared by isolating lung cancer cells (PC-9 cells) from red blood cells (RBCs). Both finite element simulation and practical cell sorting prove that high cell sorting efficiency (recovery of PC-9 cells: 90.21%, recovery of RBCs: 94.35%) can be achieved in full-coupling microchip, mainly owing to the synergistic effects between DEP sorting and hydrodynamic sorting. i.e., the positive DEP force generated by 3D sidewall electrodes can simultaneously act as an additional shear gradient lift force and thus trigger secondary flow even at low flow velocity. Live/dead cell staining, hemolysis ratio, fluorescence images and CCK-8 assay prove that RBCs and PC-9 cells show no significance difference in cell viability before and after cell sorting. The proposed coupling platform for cell sorting brings on a new pathway to construct integrated microfluidic chips for effective cell sorting and separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yao
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction (NERC-TRR), Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingxuan Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction (NERC-TRR), Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaodong Cao
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction (NERC-TRR), Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hua Dong
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction (NERC-TRR), Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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22
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Fan L, Zhu X, Yan Q, Zhe J, Zhao L. A passive microfluidic device for continuous microparticle enrichment. Electrophoresis 2018; 40:1000-1009. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang‐Liang Fan
- School of Food Equipment Engineering and Science Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
- School of Mechanical Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Liang Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Akron Akron OH USA
| | - Qing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Jiang Zhe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Akron Akron OH USA
| | - Liang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
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23
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Huang L, He W, Wang W. A cell electro-rotation micro-device using polarized cells as electrodes. Electrophoresis 2018; 40:784-791. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument; Department of Precision Instrument; Tsinghua University; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Weihua He
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument; Department of Precision Instrument; Tsinghua University; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument; Department of Precision Instrument; Tsinghua University; Beijing P. R. China
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter E. Oomen
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
| | - Mohaddeseh A. Aref
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
| | - Ibrahim Kaya
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal Hospital, House V3, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden
- The Gothenburg Imaging Mass Spectrometry (Go:IMS) Laboratory, University of Gothenburg and Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
| | - Nhu T. N. Phan
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
- The Gothenburg Imaging Mass Spectrometry (Go:IMS) Laboratory, University of Gothenburg and Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
- University of Göttingen Medical Center, Institute of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Göttingen 37073, Germany
| | - Andrew G. Ewing
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
- The Gothenburg Imaging Mass Spectrometry (Go:IMS) Laboratory, University of Gothenburg and Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
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25
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Lee DH, Li X, Jiang A, Lee AP. An integrated microfluidic platform for size-selective single-cell trapping of monocytes from blood. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2018; 12:054104. [PMID: 30271519 PMCID: PMC6145860 DOI: 10.1063/1.5049149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Reliable separation and isolation of target single cells from bodily fluids with high purity is of great significance for an accurate and quantitative understanding of the cellular heterogeneity. Here, we describe a fully integrated single-blood-cell analysis platform capable of size-selective cell separation from a population containing a wide distribution of sizes such as diluted blood sample and highly efficient entrapment of single monocytes. The spiked single U937 cells (human monocyte cell line) are separated in sequence by two different-sized microfilters for removing large cell clumps, white blood cells, and red blood cells and then discriminated by dielectrophoretic force and isolated individually by downstream single-cell trapping arrays. When 2% hematocrit blood cells with a final ratio of 1:1000 U937 cells were introduced under the flow rate of 0.2 ml/h, 400 U937 cells were trapped sequentially and deterministically within 40 s with single-cell occupancy of up to 85%. As a proof-of-concept, we also demonstrated single monocyte isolation from diluted blood using the integrated microfluidic device. This size-selective, label-free, and live-cell enrichment microfluidic single blood-cell isolation platform for the processing of cancer and blood cells has a myriad of applications in areas such as single-cell genetic analysis, stem cell biology, point-of-care diagnostics, and cancer diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92967, USA
| | - Alan Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92967, USA
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26
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Dixit C, Kadimisetty K, Rusling J. 3D-printed miniaturized fluidic tools in chemistry and biology. Trends Analyt Chem 2018; 106:37-52. [PMID: 32296252 PMCID: PMC7158885 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
3D printing (3DP), an additive manufacturing (AM) approach allowing for rapid prototyping and decentralized fabrication on-demand, has become a common method for creating parts or whole devices. The wide scope of the AM extends from organized sectors of construction, ornament, medical, and R&D industries to individual explorers attributed to the low cost, high quality printers along with revolutionary tools and polymers. While progress is being made but big manufacturing challenges are still there. Considering the quickly shifting narrative towards miniaturized analytical systems (MAS) we focus on the development/rapid prototyping and manufacturing of MAS with 3DP, and application dependent challenges in engineering designs and choice of the polymeric materials and provide an exhaustive background to the applications of 3DP in biology and chemistry. This will allow readers to perceive the most important features of AM in creating (i) various individual and modular components, and (ii) complete integrated tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.K. Dixit
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, United States
| | - K. Kadimisetty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, United States
| | - J. Rusling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, United States
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3136, United States
- Department of Surgery and Neag Cancer Centre, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, United States
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland at Galway, Galway, Ireland
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27
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Ren X, Foster BM, Ghassemi P, Strobl JS, Kerr BA, Agah M. Entrapment of Prostate Cancer Circulating Tumor Cells with a Sequential Size-Based Microfluidic Chip. Anal Chem 2018; 90:7526-7534. [PMID: 29790741 PMCID: PMC6830444 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are broadly accepted as an indicator for early cancer diagnosis and disease severity. However, there is currently no reliable method available to capture and enumerate all CTCs as most systems require either an initial CTC isolation or antibody-based capture for CTC enumeration. Many size-based CTC detection and isolation microfluidic platforms have been presented in the past few years. Here we describe a new size-based, multiple-row cancer cell entrapment device that captured LNCaP-C4-2 prostate cancer cells with >95% efficiency when in spiked mouse whole blood at ∼50 cells/mL. The capture ratio and capture limit on each row was optimized and it was determined that trapping chambers with five or six rows of micro constriction channels were needed to attain a capture ratio >95%. The device was operated under a constant pressure mode at the inlet for blood samples which created a uniform pressure differential across all the microchannels in this array. When the cancer cells deformed in the constriction channel, the blood flow temporarily slowed down. Once inside the trapping chamber, the cancer cells recovered their original shape after the deformation created by their passage through the constriction channel. The CTCs reached the cavity region of the trapping chamber, such that the blood flow in the constriction channel resumed. On the basis of this principle, the CTCs will be captured by this high-throughput entrapment chip (CTC-HTECH), thus confirming the potential for our CTC-HTECH to be used for early stage CTC enrichment and entrapment for clinical diagnosis using liquid biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ren
- The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Brittni M. Foster
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Parham Ghassemi
- The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Jeannine S. Strobl
- The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Bethany A. Kerr
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Masoud Agah
- The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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28
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Alhammadi F, Waheed W, El-Khasawneh B, Alazzam A. Continuous-Flow Cell Dipping and Medium Exchange in a Microdevice using Dielectrophoresis. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9050223. [PMID: 30424156 PMCID: PMC6187335 DOI: 10.3390/mi9050223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Medium exchange is the process of changing the suspension medium of cells/particles, and has applications in washing, surface modifications, nutrient replenishment, or simply changing the environment of the target entities. Dipping involves diverting the path of target cells in the carrying fluid to immerse them in another fluid for a short duration, and pushing them again into the original medium. In this paper, a simple microfluidic platform is introduced that employs dielectrophoresis to achieve medium exchange and dipping of micro-objects in a continuous manner. The essential feature of the platform is a microchannel that includes two arrays of microelectrodes that partly enter the bottom surface from both sides. In the first step, numerous finite element-based parametric studies are carried out to obtain the optimized geometrical and operational parameters ensuring successful dipping and medium exchange processes. The results of those studies are utilized to fabricate the platform using standard photolithography techniques. The electrodes are patterned on a glass substrate, while the channel, made out of polydimethylsiloxane, is bonded on top of the glass. Trajectories of blood cells from numerical studies and experimentations are reported, and both results exhibited close agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falah Alhammadi
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE.
| | - Waqas Waheed
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE.
| | - Bashar El-Khasawneh
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE.
| | - Anas Alazzam
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE.
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29
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Salvianti F, Pinzani P. The diagnostic potential of mutation detection from single circulating tumor cells in cancer patients. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2017; 17:975-981. [PMID: 28931314 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2017.1381561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have gained importance in the oncology field as biomarkers of tumor development. The most relevant observation that emerged from the recent studies on CTCs is their heterogeneity, which can be investigated by new technologies for single cell analysis. Areas covered: This review considers the most recent advances (limited to the last two years) in the mutational analysis of single CTCs with a critical point of view on the technical challenges still to be faced and the steps needed to reach a standardization of the procedures able to translate these new approaches into clinical practice. Expert commentary: CTCs represent a surrogate tumor sample obtained by a minimally invasive procedure allowing the serial monitoring of the patient during the follow-up period or after treatment. Notwithstanding that, the analysis of CTCs is not so widespread; in fact, a limited number of centers can be equipped and possess the expertise for the development of workflows able to identify, enrich and isolate CTCs from blood. Moreover, the lack of standardized procedures and guidelines limits the study of CTCs to 'research use only' approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Salvianti
- a Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio' , University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Pamela Pinzani
- a Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio' , University of Florence , Florence , Italy
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30
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Wang C, Liu W, Tan M, Sun H, Yu Y. An open-pattern droplet-in-oil planar array for single cell analysis based on sequential inkjet printing technology. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2017; 11:044106. [PMID: 28794816 PMCID: PMC5519398 DOI: 10.1063/1.4995294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cellular heterogeneity represents a fundamental principle of cell biology for which a readily available single-cell research tool is urgently required. Here, we present a novel method combining cell-sized well arrays with sequential inkjet printing. Briefly, K562 cells with phosphate buffer saline buffer were captured at high efficiency (74.5%) in a cell-sized well as a "primary droplet" and sealed using fluorinated oil. Then, piezoelectric inkjet printing technology was adapted to precisely inject the cell lysis buffer and the fluorogenic substrate, fluorescein-di-β-D-galactopyranoside, as a "secondary droplet" to penetrate the sealing oil and fuse with the "primary droplet." We thereby successfully measured the intracellular β-galactosidase activity of K562 cells at the single-cell level. Our method allows, for the first time, the ability to simultaneously accommodate the high occupancy rate of single cells and sequential addition of reagents while retaining an open structure. We believe that the feasibility and flexibility of our method will enhance its use as a universal single-cell research tool as well as accelerate the adoption of inkjet printing in the study of cellular heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hongbo Sun
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
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