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Cascales-Sandoval MA, Hierro-Rodriguez A, Ruiz-Gómez S, Skoric L, Donnelly C, Niño MA, McGrouther D, McVitie S, Flewett S, Jaouen N, Belkhou R, Foerster M, Fernandez-Pacheco A. Determination of optimal experimental conditions for accurate 3D reconstruction of the magnetization vector via XMCD-PEEM. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2024; 31:336-342. [PMID: 38372673 PMCID: PMC10914169 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577524001073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
This work presents a detailed analysis of the performance of X-ray magnetic circular dichroism photoemission electron microscopy (XMCD-PEEM) as a tool for vector reconstruction of magnetization. For this, 360° domain wall ring structures which form in a synthetic antiferromagnet are chosen as the model to conduct the quantitative analysis. An assessment is made of how the quality of the results is affected depending on the number of projections that are involved in the reconstruction process, as well as their angular distribution. For this a self-consistent error metric is developed which allows an estimation of the optimum azimuthal rotation angular range and number of projections. This work thus proposes XMCD-PEEM as a powerful tool for vector imaging of complex 3D magnetic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Cascales-Sandoval
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
- Institute of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8–10, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - A. Hierro-Rodriguez
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo, 33007 Oviedo, Spain
- CINN, CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo, 33940 El Entrego, Spain
| | - S. Ruiz-Gómez
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - L. Skoric
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - C. Donnelly
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - M. A. Niño
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Facility, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain
| | - D. McGrouther
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S. McVitie
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S. Flewett
- Instituto de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Universidad 330, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - N. Jaouen
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, 91192 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - R. Belkhou
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, 91192 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - M. Foerster
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Facility, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain
| | - A. Fernandez-Pacheco
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
- Institute of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8–10, 1040 Vienna, Austria
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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2
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Xu L, Jia H, Zhang C, Yin B, Yao J. Magnetically controlled assembly: a new approach to organic integrated photonics. Chem Sci 2023; 14:8723-8742. [PMID: 37621424 PMCID: PMC10445431 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01779f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hierarchical self-assembly of organic molecules or assemblies is of great importance for organic photonics to move from fundamental research to integrated and practical applications. Magnetic fields with the advantages of high controllability, non-contact manipulation, and instantaneous response have emerged as an elegant way to prepare organic hierarchical nanostructures. In this perspective, we outline the development history of organic photonic materials and highlight the importance of organic hierarchical nanostructures for a wide range of applications, including microlasers, optical displays, information encoding, sensing, and beyond. Then, we will discuss recent advances in magnetically controlled assembly for creating organic hierarchical nanostructures, with a particular focus on their potential for enabling the development of integrated photonic devices with unprecedented functionality and performance. Finally, we present several perspectives on the further development of magnetically controlled assembly strategies from the perspective of performance optimization and functional design of organic integrated photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Hao Jia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Chuang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Baipeng Yin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
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3
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Anastaziak B, Andrzejewska W, Schmidt M, Matczak M, Soldatov I, Schäfer R, Lewandowski M, Stobiecki F, Janzen C, Ehresmann A, Kuświk P. Magnetic patterning of Co/Ni layered systems by plasma oxidation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22060. [PMID: 36543839 PMCID: PMC9772314 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26604-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the structural, chemical, and magnetic properties of Ti/Au/Co/Ni layered systems subjected to plasma oxidation. The process results in the formation of NiO at the expense of metallic Ni, as clearly evidenced by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, while not affecting the surface roughness and grain size of the Co/Ni bilayers. Since the decrease of the thickness of the Ni layer and the formation of NiO increase the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, oxidation may be locally applied for magnetic patterning. Using this approach, we created 2D heterostructures characterized by different combinations of magnetic properties in areas modified by plasma oxidation and in the regions protected from oxidation. As plasma oxidation is an easy to use, low cost, and commonly utilized technique in industrial applications, it may constitute an improvement over other magnetic patterning methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Błażej Anastaziak
- grid.413454.30000 0001 1958 0162Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smoluchowskiego 17, Poznań, Poland ,grid.5633.30000 0001 2097 3545NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, Poznań, Poland
| | - Weronika Andrzejewska
- grid.5633.30000 0001 2097 3545NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marek Schmidt
- grid.413454.30000 0001 1958 0162Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smoluchowskiego 17, Poznań, Poland
| | - Michał Matczak
- grid.25588.320000 0004 0620 6106Faculty of Physics, University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Ivan Soldatov
- grid.14841.380000 0000 9972 3583Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW), Helmholtzstraße 20, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rudolf Schäfer
- grid.14841.380000 0000 9972 3583Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW), Helmholtzstraße 20, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mikołaj Lewandowski
- grid.5633.30000 0001 2097 3545NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, Poznań, Poland
| | - Feliks Stobiecki
- grid.413454.30000 0001 1958 0162Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smoluchowskiego 17, Poznań, Poland
| | - Christian Janzen
- grid.5155.40000 0001 1089 1036Institute of Physics and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT), University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Arno Ehresmann
- grid.5155.40000 0001 1089 1036Institute of Physics and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT), University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Piotr Kuświk
- grid.413454.30000 0001 1958 0162Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smoluchowskiego 17, Poznań, Poland
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4
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Singh B, Ravishankar R, Otálora JA, Soldatov I, Schäfer R, Karnaushenko D, Neu V, Schmidt OG. Direct imaging of nanoscale field-driven domain wall oscillations in Landau structures. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:13667-13678. [PMID: 36082910 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03351h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Linear oscillatory motion of domain walls (DWs) in the kHz and MHz regime is crucial when realizing precise magnetic field sensors such as giant magnetoimpedance devices. Numerous magnetically active defects lead to pinning of the DWs during their motion, affecting the overall behavior. Thus, the direct monitoring of the domain wall's oscillatory behavior is an important step to comprehend the underlying micromagnetic processes and to improve the magnetoresistive performance of these devices. Here, we report an imaging approach to investigate such DW dynamics with nanoscale spatial resolution employing conventional table-top microscopy techniques. Time-averaged magnetic force microscopy and Kerr imaging methods are applied to quantify the DW oscillations in Ni81Fe19 rectangular structures with Landau domain configuration and are complemented by numeric micromagnetic simulations. We study the oscillation amplitude as a function of external magnetic field strength, frequency, magnetic structure size, thickness and anisotropy and understand the excited DW behavior as a forced damped harmonic oscillator with restoring force being influenced by the geometry, thickness, and anisotropy of the Ni81Fe19 structure. This approach offers new possibilities for the analysis of DW motion at elevated frequencies and at a spatial resolution of well below 100 nm in various branches of nanomagnetism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balram Singh
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz IFW Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
- Nanophysics, Faculty of Physics, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Rachappa Ravishankar
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz IFW Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Jorge A Otálora
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Católica del Norte, Avenida Angamos 0610, Casilla 1280, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Ivan Soldatov
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz IFW Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Rudolf Schäfer
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz IFW Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
- Institute for Materials Science, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniil Karnaushenko
- Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany.
| | - Volker Neu
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz IFW Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Oliver G Schmidt
- Nanophysics, Faculty of Physics, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany.
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
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5
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Li JF, Soldatov IV, Tang XC, Sun BY, Schäfer R, Liu SL, Yan YQ, Ke HB, Sun YH, Orava J, Bai HY. Metallic Mimosa pudica: A 3D biomimetic buckling structure made of metallic glasses. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm7658. [PMID: 35921409 PMCID: PMC9348804 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm7658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metallic Mimosa pudica, a three-dimensional (3D) biomimetic structure made of metallic glass, is formed via laser patterning: Blooming, closing, and reversing of the metallic M. pudica can be controlled by an applied magnetic field or by manual reshaping. An array of laser-crystallized lines is written in a metallic glass ribbon. Changes in density and/or elastic modulus due to laser patterning result in an appropriate size mismatch between the shrunken crystalline regions and the glassy matrix. The residual stress and elastic distortion energy make the composite material to buckle within the elastic limit and to obey the minimum elastic energy criterion. This work not only provides a programming route for constructing buckling structures of metallic glasses but also provides clues for the study of materials with automatic functions desired in robotics, electronic devices, and, especially, medical devices in the field of medicine, such as vessel scaffolds and vascular filters, which require contactless expansion and contraction functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Feng Li
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ivan-V. Soldatov
- IFW Dresden, Institute for Metallic Materials, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Xiao-Chang Tang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Bo-Yang Sun
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rudolf Schäfer
- IFW Dresden, Institute for Metallic Materials, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Song-Ling Liu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu-Qiang Yan
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Hai-Bo Ke
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Yong-Hao Sun
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Jiri Orava
- Faculty of Environment, Jan Evangelista Purkyne University in Usti nad Labem, Pasteurova 3632/15, Usti nad Labem 400 96, Czech Republic
| | - Hai-Yang Bai
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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6
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Wang WH, Pan CY, Liu CM, Lin WC, Jiang PH. Chirality-Induced Noncollinear Magnetization and Asymmetric Domain-Wall Propagation in Hydrogenated CoPd Thin Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:20151-20158. [PMID: 35468278 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Array-patterned CoPd-based heterostructures are created through e-beam lithography and plasma pretreatment that induces oxidation with depth gradient in the CoPd alloy films, breaking the central symmetry of the structure. Effects on the magnetic properties of the follow-up hydrogenation of the thin film are observed via magneto-optic Kerr effect microscopy. The system exhibits a strong vertical and lateral antiferromagnetic coupling in the perpendicular component between the areas with and without plasma pretreatment, and asymmetric domain-wall propagation in the plasma-pretreated areas during magnetization reversal. These phenomena exhibit evident magnetic chirality and can be interpreted with the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida coupling and the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI). The sample processing demonstrated in this study allows easy incorporation of lithography techniques that can define areas with or without DMI to create intricate magnetic patterns on the sample, which provides an avenue toward more sophisticated control of canted spin textures in future spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsiang Wang
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yang Pan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Chak-Ming Liu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chin Lin
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsun Jiang
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
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7
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Xu J, Xia J, Zhang X, Zhou C, Shi D, Chen H, Wu T, Li Q, Ding H, Zhou Y, Wu Y. Exchange-Torque-Triggered Fast Switching of Antiferromagnetic Domains. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:137201. [PMID: 35426702 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.137201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The antiferromagnet is considered to be a promising hosting material for the next generation of magnetic storage due to its high stability and stray-field-free property. Understanding the switching properties of the antiferromagnetic (AFM) domain state is critical for developing AFM spintronics. By utilizing the magneto-optical birefringence effect, we experimentally demonstrate the switching rate of the AFM domain can be enhanced by more than 2 orders of magnitude through applying an alternating square-wave field on a single crystalline Fe/CoO bilayer. The observed extraordinary speed can be much faster than that triggered by a constant field with the same amplitude. The effect can be understood as the efficient suppression of the pinning of AFM domain walls by the strong exchange torque triggered by the reversal of the Fe magnetization, as revealed by spin dynamics simulations. Our finding opens up new opportunities to design the antiferromagnet-based spintronic devices utilizing the ferromagnet-antiferromagnet heterostructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xu
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute of Physics, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Jing Xia
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Xichao Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute of Physics, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Dong Shi
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Haoran Chen
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qian Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
| | - Haifeng Ding
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Yizheng Wu
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
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8
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Magneto-Electronic Hydrogen Gas Sensors: A Critical Review. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10020049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Devices enabling early detection of low concentrations of leaking hydrogen and precision measurements in a wide range of hydrogen concentrations in hydrogen storage systems are essential for the mass-production of fuel-cell vehicles and, more broadly, for the transition to the hydrogen economy. Whereas several competing sensor technologies are potentially suitable for this role, ultra-low fire-hazard, contactless and technically simple magneto-electronic sensors stand apart because they have been able to detect the presence of hydrogen gas in a range of hydrogen concentrations from 0.06% to 100% at atmospheric pressure with the response time approaching the industry gold standard of one second. This new kind of hydrogen sensors is the subject of this review article, where we inform academic physics, chemistry, material science and engineering communities as well as industry researchers about the recent developments in the field of magneto-electronic hydrogen sensors, including those based on magneto-optical Kerr effect, anomalous Hall effect and Ferromagnetic Resonance with a special focus on Ferromagnetic Resonance (FMR)-based devices. In particular, we present the physical foundations of magneto-electronic hydrogen sensors and we critically overview their advantages and disadvantages for applications in the vital areas of the safety of hydrogen-powered cars and hydrogen fuelling stations as well as hydrogen concentration meters, including those operating directly inside hydrogen-fuelled fuel cells. We believe that this review will be of interest to a broad readership, also facilitating the translation of research results into policy and practice.
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9
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Rivkin B, Becker C, Singh B, Aziz A, Akbar F, Egunov A, Karnaushenko DD, Naumann R, Schäfer R, Medina-Sánchez M, Karnaushenko D, Schmidt OG. Electronically integrated microcatheters based on self-assembling polymer films. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabl5408. [PMID: 34919439 PMCID: PMC8682992 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl5408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Existing electronically integrated catheters rely on the manual assembly of separate components to integrate sensing and actuation capabilities. This strongly impedes their miniaturization and further integration. Here, we report an electronically integrated self-assembled microcatheter. Electronic components for sensing and actuation are embedded into the catheter wall through the self-assembly of photolithographically processed polymer thin films. With a diameter of only about 0.1 mm, the catheter integrates actuated digits for manipulation and a magnetic sensor for navigation and is capable of targeted delivery of liquids. Fundamental functionalities are demonstrated and evaluated with artificial model environments and ex vivo tissue. Using the integrated magnetic sensor, we develop a strategy for the magnetic tracking of medical tools that facilitates basic navigation with a high resolution below 0.1 mm. These highly flexible and microsized integrated catheters might expand the boundary of minimally invasive surgery and lead to new biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Rivkin
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (Leibniz IFW Dresden), 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Becker
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (Leibniz IFW Dresden), 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Balram Singh
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (Leibniz IFW Dresden), 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Azaam Aziz
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (Leibniz IFW Dresden), 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Farzin Akbar
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (Leibniz IFW Dresden), 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Aleksandr Egunov
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (Leibniz IFW Dresden), 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dmitriy D. Karnaushenko
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (Leibniz IFW Dresden), 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ronald Naumann
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Transgenic Core Facility, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Rudolf Schäfer
- Institute for Metallic Materials, Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (Leibniz IFW Dresden), 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mariana Medina-Sánchez
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (Leibniz IFW Dresden), 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Corresponding author. (M.M.-S.); (D.K.); (O.G.S.)
| | - Daniil Karnaushenko
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (Leibniz IFW Dresden), 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Corresponding author. (M.M.-S.); (D.K.); (O.G.S.)
| | - Oliver G. Schmidt
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (Leibniz IFW Dresden), 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Rosenbergstraße 6, TU Chemnitz, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
- Nanophysics, Faculty of Physics, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Corresponding author. (M.M.-S.); (D.K.); (O.G.S.)
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10
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Neu V, Soldatov I, Schäfer R, Karnaushenko DD, Mirhajivarzaneh A, Karnaushenko D, Schmidt OG. Creating Ferroic Micropatterns through Geometrical Transformation. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:9889-9895. [PMID: 34807625 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The functionality of a ferroic device is intimately coupled to the configuration of domains, domain boundaries, and the possibility for tailoring them. Exemplified with a ferromagnetic system, we present a novel approach which allows the creation of new, metastable multidomain patterns with tailored wall configurations through a self-assembled geometrical transformation. By preparing a magnetic layer system on a polymeric platform including swelling layer, a repeated self-assembled rolling into a multiwinding tubular structure and unrolling of the functional membrane is obtained. When polarizing the rolled-up 3D structure in a simple homogeneous magnetic field, the imprinted configuration translates into a regularly arranged multidomain configuration once the tubular structure is unwound. The process is linked to the employed magnetic anisotropy with respect to the surface normal, and the geometrical transformation connects the angular with the lateral degrees of freedom. This combination offers unparalleled possibilities for designing new magnetic or other ferroic micropatterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Neu
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz IFW Dresden, 01069Dresden, Germany
| | - Ivan Soldatov
- Institute for Metallic Materials, Leibniz IFW Dresden, 01069Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematic, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg620075, Russia
| | - Rudolf Schäfer
- Institute for Metallic Materials, Leibniz IFW Dresden, 01069Dresden, Germany
- Institute for Materials Science, TU Dresden, D-01062Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Daniil Karnaushenko
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz IFW Dresden, 01069Dresden, Germany
| | - Oliver G Schmidt
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz IFW Dresden, 01069Dresden, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, TU Chemnitz, 09107Chemnitz, Germany
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), TU Chemnitz, 09126Chemnitz, Germany
- Nanophysics, Faculty of Physics, TU Dresden, 01062Dresden, Germany
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11
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Operational Parameters for Sub-Nano Tesla Field Resolution of PHMR Sensors in Harsh Environments. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21206891. [PMID: 34696103 PMCID: PMC8539847 DOI: 10.3390/s21206891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The resolution of planar-Hall magnetoresistive (PHMR) sensors was investigated in the frequency range from 0.5 Hz to 200 Hz in terms of its sensitivity, average noise level, and detectivity. Analysis of the sensor sensitivity and voltage noise response was performed by varying operational parameters such as sensor geometrical architectures, sensor configurations, sensing currents, and temperature. All the measurements of PHMR sensors were carried out under both constant current (CC) and constant voltage (CV) modes. In the present study, Barkhausen noise was revealed in 1/f noise component and found less significant in the PHMR sensor configuration. Under measured noise spectral density at optimized conditions, the best magnetic field detectivity was achieved better than 550 pT/√Hz at 100 Hz and close to 1.1 nT/√Hz at 10 Hz for a tri-layer multi-ring PHMR sensor in an unshielded environment. Furthermore, the promising feasibility and possible routes for further improvement of the sensor resolution are discussed.
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12
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Zhu XD, Ullah R, Taufour V. Oblique-incidence Sagnac interferometric scanning microscope for studying magneto-optic effects of materials at low temperatures. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:043706. [PMID: 34243365 DOI: 10.1063/5.0042574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We describe an oblique-incidence zero-area Sagnac interferometric microscope for studying spatial and temperature dependence of magneto-optic (MO) effects in samples under cryogenic conditions. The microscope is capable of independently measuring Kerr effects from three Cartesian components of a magnetization and thus can be used to map out the magnetization vector across the sample. For illustration, we present MO Kerr effect images of magnetic domains at 77 K of a LaCrGe3 crystal terminated with an a-c plane (the plane that contains the lattice a-axis and c-axis). We further present measurements of magnetization in these domains from 90 to 77 K during zero-field cooling and field cooling in an external magnetic field from 20 to 150 Oe. The inherently high sensitivity and the capability of detecting a magnetization without external modulation makes such a Sagnac interferometric microscope particularly useful for studying magnetic effects in novel materials at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- X D Zhu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - R Ullah
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - V Taufour
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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13
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He Y, Fecher GH, Fu C, Pan Y, Manna K, Kroder J, Jha A, Wang X, Hu Z, Agrestini S, Herrero-Martín J, Valvidares M, Skourski Y, Schnelle W, Stamenov P, Borrmann H, Tjeng LH, Schaefer R, Parkin SSP, Coey JMD, Felser C. A New Highly Anisotropic Rh-Based Heusler Compound for Magnetic Recording. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2004331. [PMID: 33029834 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The development of high-density magnetic recording media is limited by superparamagnetism in very small ferromagnetic crystals. Hard magnetic materials with strong perpendicular anisotropy offer stability and high recording density. To overcome the difficulty of writing media with a large coercivity, heat-assisted magnetic recording was developed, rapidly heating the media to the Curie temperature Tc before writing, followed by rapid cooling. Requirements are a suitable Tc , coupled with anisotropic thermal conductivity and hard magnetic properties. Here, Rh2 CoSb is introduced as a new hard magnet with potential for thin-film magnetic recording. A magnetocrystalline anisotropy of 3.6 MJ m-3 is combined with a saturation magnetization of μ0 Ms = 0.52 T at 2 K (2.2 MJ m-3 and 0.44 T at room temperature). The magnetic hardness parameter of 3.7 at room temperature is the highest observed for any rare-earth-free hard magnet. The anisotropy is related to an unquenched orbital moment of 0.42 μB on Co, which is hybridized with neighboring Rh atoms with a large spin-orbit interaction. Moreover, the pronounced temperature dependence of the anisotropy that follows from its Tc of 450 K, together with a thermal conductivity of 20 W m-1 K-1 , make Rh2 CoSb a candidate for the development of heat-assisted writing with a recording density in excess of 10 Tb in.-2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangkun He
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, D-01187, Germany
| | - Gerhard H Fecher
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, D-01187, Germany
| | - Chenguang Fu
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, D-01187, Germany
| | - Yu Pan
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, D-01187, Germany
| | - Kaustuv Manna
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, D-01187, Germany
| | - Johannes Kroder
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, D-01187, Germany
| | - Ajay Jha
- School of Physics, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Xiao Wang
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, D-01187, Germany
| | - Zhiwei Hu
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, D-01187, Germany
| | - Stefano Agrestini
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Javier Herrero-Martín
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08290, Spain
| | - Manuel Valvidares
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08290, Spain
| | - Yurii Skourski
- Dresden High Magnetic Field Laboratory (HLD-EMFL), Helmholtz-zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, 01328, Germany
| | - Walter Schnelle
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, D-01187, Germany
| | | | - Horst Borrmann
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, D-01187, Germany
| | - Liu Hao Tjeng
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, D-01187, Germany
| | - Rudolf Schaefer
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden, Helmholtz strasse 20, Dresden, D-01069, Germany
- Institute for Materials Science, TU Dresden, Dresden, D-01062, Germany
| | - Stuart S P Parkin
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, 06120, Germany
| | | | - Claudia Felser
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, D-01187, Germany
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14
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Borisenko S, Evtushinsky D, Gibson Q, Yaresko A, Koepernik K, Kim T, Ali M, van den Brink J, Hoesch M, Fedorov A, Haubold E, Kushnirenko Y, Soldatov I, Schäfer R, Cava RJ. Time-reversal symmetry breaking type-II Weyl state in YbMnBi 2. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3424. [PMID: 31366883 PMCID: PMC6668437 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11393-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Spectroscopic detection of Dirac and Weyl fermions in real materials is vital for both, promising applications and fundamental bridge between high-energy and condensed-matter physics. While the presence of Dirac and noncentrosymmetric Weyl fermions is well established in many materials, the magnetic Weyl semimetals still escape direct experimental detection. In order to find a time-reversal symmetry breaking Weyl state we design two materials and present here experimental and theoretical evidence of realization of such a state in one of them, YbMnBi2. We model the time-reversal symmetry breaking observed by magnetization and magneto-optical microscopy measurements by canted antiferromagnetism and find a number of Weyl points. Using angle-resolved photoemission, we directly observe two pairs of Weyl points connected by the Fermi arcs. Our results not only provide a fundamental link between the two areas of physics, but also demonstrate the practical way to design novel materials with exotic properties. Candidate materials containing magnetic Weyl fermions remain rare. Here, the authors report evidence of a magnetic Weyl state and observe the surface Fermi arcs in YbMnBi2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Borisenko
- Institute for Solid State Research, Leibniz IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Daniil Evtushinsky
- Institute for Solid State Research, Leibniz IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany.,Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Federale Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Quinn Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZX, UK
| | - Alexander Yaresko
- Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Klaus Koepernik
- Institute for Theoretical Solid State Physics, Leibniz IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Timur Kim
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Mazhar Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Jeroen van den Brink
- Institute for Theoretical Solid State Physics, Leibniz IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany.,Institute for Solid State Physics, TU Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Moritz Hoesch
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK.,Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Photon Science, Hamburg, 22607, Germany
| | - Alexander Fedorov
- Institute for Solid State Research, Leibniz IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Erik Haubold
- Institute for Solid State Research, Leibniz IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yevhen Kushnirenko
- Institute for Solid State Research, Leibniz IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ivan Soldatov
- Institute for Metallic Materials, Leibniz IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Ural Federal University, 620002, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Rudolf Schäfer
- Institute for Metallic Materials, Leibniz IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert J Cava
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
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15
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Tu C, Chu ZQ, Spetzler B, Hayes P, Dong CZ, Liang XF, Chen HH, He YF, Wei YY, Lisenkov I, Lin H, Lin YH, McCord J, Faupel F, Quandt E, Sun NX. Mechanical-Resonance-Enhanced Thin-Film Magnetoelectric Heterostructures for Magnetometers, Mechanical Antennas, Tunable RF Inductors, and Filters. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12142259. [PMID: 31337062 PMCID: PMC6679207 DOI: 10.3390/ma12142259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The strong strain-mediated magnetoelectric (ME) coupling found in thin-film ME heterostructures has attracted an ever-increasing interest and enables realization of a great number of integrated multiferroic devices, such as magnetometers, mechanical antennas, RF tunable inductors and filters. This paper first reviews the thin-film characterization techniques for both piezoelectric and magnetostrictive thin films, which are crucial in determining the strength of the ME coupling. After that, the most recent progress on various integrated multiferroic devices based on thin-film ME heterostructures are presented. In particular, rapid development of thin-film ME magnetometers has been seen over the past few years. These ultra-sensitive magnetometers exhibit extremely low limit of detection (sub-pT/Hz1/2) for low-frequency AC magnetic fields, making them potential candidates for applications of medical diagnostics. Other devices reviewed in this paper include acoustically actuated nanomechanical ME antennas with miniaturized size by 1–2 orders compared to the conventional antenna; integrated RF tunable inductors with a wide operation frequency range; integrated RF tunable bandpass filter with dual H- and E-field tunability. All these integrated multiferroic devices are compact, lightweight, power-efficient, and potentially integrable with current complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology, showing great promise for applications in future biomedical, wireless communication, and reconfigurable electronic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Tu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Zhao-Qiang Chu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Benjamin Spetzler
- Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiserstraße 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Patrick Hayes
- Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiserstraße 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Cun-Zheng Dong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xian-Feng Liang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Huai-Hao Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yi-Fan He
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yu-Yi Wei
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ivan Lisenkov
- Winchester Technologies LLC, Burlington, MA 01803, USA
| | - Hwaider Lin
- Winchester Technologies LLC, Burlington, MA 01803, USA
| | - Yuan-Hua Lin
- Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jeffrey McCord
- Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiserstraße 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Franz Faupel
- Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiserstraße 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Eckhard Quandt
- Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiserstraße 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Nian-Xiang Sun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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16
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Lange M, Guénon S, Lever F, Kleiner R, Koelle D. A high-resolution combined scanning laser and widefield polarizing microscope for imaging at temperatures from 4 K to 300 K. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2017; 88:123705. [PMID: 29289195 DOI: 10.1063/1.5009529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polarized light microscopy, as a contrast-enhancing technique for optically anisotropic materials, is a method well suited for the investigation of a wide variety of effects in solid-state physics, as, for example, birefringence in crystals or the magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE). We present a microscopy setup that combines a widefield microscope and a confocal scanning laser microscope with polarization-sensitive detectors. By using a high numerical aperture objective, a spatial resolution of about 240 nm at a wavelength of 405 nm is achieved. The sample is mounted on a 4He continuous flow cryostat providing a temperature range between 4 K and 300 K, and electromagnets are used to apply magnetic fields of up to 800 mT with variable in-plane orientation and 20 mT with out-of-plane orientation. Typical applications of the polarizing microscope are the imaging of the in-plane and out-of-plane magnetization via the longitudinal and polar MOKE, imaging of magnetic flux structures in superconductors covered with a magneto-optical indicator film via the Faraday effect, or imaging of structural features, such as twin-walls in tetragonal SrTiO3. The scanning laser microscope furthermore offers the possibility to gain local information on electric transport properties of a sample by detecting the beam-induced voltage change across a current-biased sample. This combination of magnetic, structural, and electric imaging capabilities makes the microscope a viable tool for research in the fields of oxide electronics, spintronics, magnetism, and superconductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lange
- Physikalisches Institut-Experimentalphysik II and Center for Quantum Science (CQ) in LISA, Universität Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - S Guénon
- Physikalisches Institut-Experimentalphysik II and Center for Quantum Science (CQ) in LISA, Universität Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - F Lever
- Physikalisches Institut-Experimentalphysik II and Center for Quantum Science (CQ) in LISA, Universität Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - R Kleiner
- Physikalisches Institut-Experimentalphysik II and Center for Quantum Science (CQ) in LISA, Universität Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - D Koelle
- Physikalisches Institut-Experimentalphysik II and Center for Quantum Science (CQ) in LISA, Universität Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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