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Li Y, Zuo P, Li R, Huo H, Ma Y, Du C, Gao Y, Yin G, Weatherup RS. Formation of an Artificial Mg 2+-Permeable Interphase on Mg Anodes Compatible with Ether and Carbonate Electrolytes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:24565-24574. [PMID: 34009930 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rechargeable Mg-ion batteries typically suffer from either rapid passivation of the Mg anode or severe corrosion of the current collectors by halogens within the electrolyte, limiting their practical implementation. Here, we demonstrate the broadly applicable strategy of forming an artificial solid electrolyte interphase (a-SEI) layer on Mg to address these challenges. The a-SEI layer is formed by simply soaking Mg foil in a tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether solution containing LiTFSI and AlCl3, with Fourier transform infrared and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy measurements revealing spontaneous reaction with the Mg foil. The a-SEI is found to mitigate Mg passivation in Mg(TFSI)2/DME electrolytes with symmetric cells exhibiting overpotentials that are 2 V lower compared to when the a-SEI is not present. This approach is extended to Mg(ClO4)2/DME and Mg(TFSI)2/PC electrolytes to achieve reversible Mg plating and stripping, which is not achieved with bare electrodes. The interfacial resistance of the cells with a-SEI protected Mg is found to be two orders of magnitude lower than that with bare Mg in all three of the electrolytes, indicating the formation of an effective Mg-ion transporting interfacial structure. X-ray absorption and photoemission spectroscopy measurements show that the a-SEI contains minimal MgCO3, MgO, Mg(OH)2, and TFSI-, while being rich in MgCl2, MgF2, and MgS, when compared to the passivation layer formed on bare Mg in Mg(TFSI)2/DME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Li
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K
- Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Didcot OX11 0FA, U.K
| | - Pengjian Zuo
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ruinan Li
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Hua Huo
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yulin Ma
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Chunyu Du
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - YunZhi Gao
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Geping Yin
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Robert S Weatherup
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, U.K
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K
- Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Didcot OX11 0FA, U.K
- The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, U.K
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Weber I, Kim J, Buchner F, Schnaidt J, Behm RJ. Surface Science and Electrochemical Model Studies on the Interaction of Graphite and Li-Containing Ionic Liquids. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:2589-2601. [PMID: 32196973 PMCID: PMC7317785 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The process of solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation is systematically investigated along with its chemical composition on carbon electrodes in an ionic liquid-based, Li-containing electrolyte in a combined surface science and electrochemical model study using highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) and binder-free graphite powder electrodes (Mage) as model systems. The chemical decomposition process is explored by deposition of Li on a pre-deposited multilayer film of 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([BMP][TFSI]) under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. Electrochemical SEI formation is induced by and monitored during potential cycling in [BMP][TFSI]+0.1 m LiTFSI. The chemical composition of the resulting layers is characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), both at the surface and in deeper layers, closer to the electrode|SEI interface, after partial removal of the film by Ar+ ion sputtering. Clear differences between chemical and electrochemical SEI formation, and also between SEI formation on HOPG and Mage electrodes, are observed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Weber
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy StorageHelmholtzstraße 1189081UlmGermany
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and CatalysisUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 4789081UlmGermany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)P.O. Box 364076021KarlsruheGermany
| | - Jihyun Kim
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and CatalysisUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 4789081UlmGermany
| | - Florian Buchner
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and CatalysisUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 4789081UlmGermany
| | - Johannes Schnaidt
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy StorageHelmholtzstraße 1189081UlmGermany
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and CatalysisUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 4789081UlmGermany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)P.O. Box 364076021KarlsruheGermany
| | - R. Jürgen Behm
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy StorageHelmholtzstraße 1189081UlmGermany
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and CatalysisUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 4789081UlmGermany
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