1
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Ten A, Lomonosov V, Boukouvala C, Ringe E. Magnesium Nanoparticles for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering and Plasmon-Driven Catalysis. ACS NANO 2024; 18:18785-18799. [PMID: 38963330 PMCID: PMC11256891 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c06858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Nanostructures of some metals can sustain localized surface plasmon resonances, collective oscillations of free electrons excited by incident light. This effect results in wavelength-dependent absorption and scattering, enhancement of the incident electric field at the metal surface, and generation of hot carriers as a decay product. The enhanced electric field can be utilized to amplify the spectroscopic signal in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), while hot carriers can be exploited for catalytic applications. In recent years, cheaper and more earth abundant alternatives to traditional plasmonic Au and Ag have gained growing attention. Here, we demonstrate the ability of plasmonic Mg nanoparticles to enhance Raman scattering and drive chemical transformations upon laser irradiation. The plasmonic properties of Mg nanoparticles are characterized at the bulk and single particle level by optical spectroscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy coupled with electron energy-loss spectroscopy and supported by numerical simulations. SERS enhancement factors of ∼102 at 532 and 633 nm are obtained using 4-mercaptobenzoic acid and 4-nitrobenzenethiol. Furthermore, the reductive coupling of 4-nitrobenzenethiol to 4,4'-dimercaptoazobenzene is observed on the surface of Mg nanoparticles under 532 nm excitation in the absence of reducing agents, indicating a plasmon-driven catalytic process. Once decorated with Pd, Mg nanostructures display an enhancement factor of 103 along with an increase in the rate of catalytic coupling. The results of this study demonstrate the successful application of plasmonic Mg nanoparticles in sensing and plasmon-enhanced catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Ten
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom
| | - Vladimir Lomonosov
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Boukouvala
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom
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2
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Lomonosov V, Yang J, Fan Y, Hofmann S, Ringe E. Stability of Plasmonic Mg-MgO Core-Shell Nanoparticles in Gas-Phase Oxidative Environments. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:7084-7090. [PMID: 38814251 PMCID: PMC11177309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Magnesium is a recent addition to the plasmonic toolbox: nanomaterials that efficiently utilize photons' energy due to their ability to sustain localized surface plasmon resonances. Magnesium nanoparticles protected by a native oxide shell can efficiently absorb light across the solar spectrum, making them a promising photocatalytic material. However, their inherent reactivity toward oxidation may limit the number of reactions in which Mg-MgO can be used. Here, we investigate the stability of plasmonic Mg-MgO core-shell nanoplates under oxidative conditions. We demonstrate that the MgO shell stabilizes the metallic Mg core against oxidation in air at up to 400 °C. Furthermore, we show that the reactivity of Mg-MgO nanoplates with water vapor (3.5 vol % in N2) decreases with temperature, with no oxidation of the Mg core detected from 200 to 400 °C. This work unravels the potential of Mg-MgO nanoparticles for a broad range of catalytic transformations occurring in oxidative environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Lomonosov
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom
| | - Jinfeng Yang
- Department
of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, U.K.
| | - Ye Fan
- Department
of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, U.K.
| | - Stephan Hofmann
- Department
of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, U.K.
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom
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3
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Wayman TR, Lomonosov V, Ringe E. Capping Agents Enable Well-Dispersed and Colloidally Stable Metallic Magnesium Nanoparticles. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2024; 128:4666-4676. [PMID: 38533241 PMCID: PMC10961833 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Mg nanoparticles are an emerging plasmonic material due to Mg's abundance and ability to sustain size- and shape-dependent localized surface plasmon resonances across a broad range of wavelengths from the ultraviolet to the near infrared. However, Mg nanoparticles are colloidally unstable due to their tendency to aggregate and sediment. Nanoparticle aggregation can be inhibited by the addition of capping agents that impart surface charges or steric repulsion. Here, we report that the common capping agents poly(vinyl) pyrrolidone (PVP), polyethylene glycol (PEG), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) interact differently and have varied effects on the aggregation and colloidal stability of Mg nanoparticles. Nanoparticles synthesized in the presence of PVP showed improvements in colloidal stability and reduced aggregation, as observed by electron microscopy and optical spectroscopy. The binding of PVP was confirmed through infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The influence of PVP on the reduction of di-n-butyl magnesium was evaluated through analysis of particle size distribution and Mg yield as a function of reaction time, reducing agent, and temperature. Furthermore, the presence of PVP drastically changes the growth pattern of metallic Mg structures obtained from the reduction of the Grignard reagents butylmagnesium chloride and phenylmagnesium chloride by lithium naphthalenide: large polycrystalline aggregates and well-separated faceted nanoparticles grow without and with PVP, respectively. This study provides new synthetic routes that generate colloidally stable and well-dispersed Mg nanoparticles for plasmonic and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas
M. R. Wayman
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom
| | - Vladimir Lomonosov
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom
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4
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West C, Lomonosov V, Pehlivan ZS, Ringe E. Plasmonic Magnesium Nanoparticles Are Efficient Nanoheaters. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:10964-10970. [PMID: 38011145 PMCID: PMC10722534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Understanding and guiding light at the nanoscale can significantly impact society, for instance, by facilitating the development of efficient, sustainable, and/or cost-effective technologies. One emergent branch of nanotechnology exploits the conversion of light into heat, where heat is subsequently harnessed for various applications including therapeutics, heat-driven chemistries, and solar heating. Gold nanoparticles are overwhelmingly the most common material for plasmon-assisted photothermal applications; yet magnesium nanoparticles present a compelling alternative due to their low cost and superior biocompatibility. Herein, we measured the heat generated and quantified the photothermal efficiency of the gold and magnesium nanoparticle suspensions. Photothermal transduction experiments and optical and thermal simulations of different sizes and shapes of gold and magnesium nanoparticles showed that magnesium is more efficient at converting light into heat compared to gold at near-infrared wavelengths, thus demonstrating that magnesium nanoparticles are a promising new class of inexpensive, biodegradable photothermal platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire
A. West
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - Vladimir Lomonosov
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - Zeki Semih Pehlivan
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
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5
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Patil S, Lomonosov V, Ringe E, Kurouski D. Tip-Enhanced Raman Imaging of Plasmon-Driven Coupling of 4-Nitrobenzenethiol on Au-Decorated Magnesium Nanostructures. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:7702-7706. [PMID: 37483685 PMCID: PMC10359025 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c01345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium nanoparticles (MgNPs) exhibit localized surface plasmon resonances across the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared parts of electromagnetic spectrum and are attracting increasing interest due to their sustainability and biocompatibility. In this study, we used tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) to examine the photocatalytic properties of MgNP protected by a thin native oxide layer and their Au-modified bimetallic analogs produced by partial galvanic replacement, Au-MgNPs. We found no reduction of 4-nitrobenzenethiol (4-NBT) to p,p'-dimercaptoazobisbenzene (DMAB) when a Au-coated tip was placed in contact with a self-assembled monolayer of 4-NBT molecules adsorbed on MgNPs alone. However, decorating Mg with Au made these bimetallic structures catalytically active. The DMAB signal signature of photocatalytic activity was more delocalized around AuNPs attached to Mg than around AuNPs on a Si substrate, indicating coupling between the Mg core and Au decorations. This report on photocatalytic activity of a bimetallic structure including plasmonic Mg paves the way for further catalyst architectures benefiting from Mg's versatility and abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati
J. Patil
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M
University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Vladimir Lomonosov
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom
| | - Dmitry Kurouski
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M
University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
- The
Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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6
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Lomonosov V, Wayman TMR, Hopper ER, Ivanov YP, Divitini G, Ringe E. Plasmonic magnesium nanoparticles decorated with palladium catalyze thermal and light-driven hydrogenation of acetylene. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:7420-7429. [PMID: 36988987 PMCID: PMC10134437 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00745f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Bimetallic Pd-Mg nanoparticles were synthesized by partial galvanic replacement of plasmonic Mg nanoparticles, and their catalytic and photocatalytic properties in selective hydrogenation of acetylene have been investigated. Electron probe studies confirm that the Mg-Pd structures mainly consist of metallic Mg and sustain several localized plasmon resonances across a broad wavelength range. We demonstrate that, even without light excitation, the Pd-Mg nanostructures exhibit an excellent catalytic activity with selectivity to ethylene of 55% at 100% acetylene conversion achieved at 60 °C. With laser excitation at room temperature over a range of intensities and wavelengths, the initial reaction rate increased up to 40 times with respect to dark conditions and a 2-fold decrease of the apparent activation energy was observed. A significant wavelength-dependent change in hydrogenation kinetics strongly supports a catalytic behavior affected by plasmon excitation. This report of coupling between Mg's plasmonic and Pd's catalytic properties paves the way for sustainable catalytic structures for challenging, industrially relevant selective hydrogenation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Lomonosov
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK
| | - Thomas M R Wayman
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK
| | - Elizabeth R Hopper
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Yurii P Ivanov
- Electron Spectroscopy and Nanoscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Divitini
- Electron Spectroscopy and Nanoscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK
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7
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Deriu C, Thakur S, Tammaro O, Fabris L. Challenges and opportunities for SERS in the infrared: materials and methods. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:2132-2166. [PMID: 37056617 PMCID: PMC10089128 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00930g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In the wake of a global, heightened interest towards biomarker and disease detection prompted by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) positions itself again at the forefront of biosensing innovation. But is it ready to move from the laboratory to the clinic? This review presents the challenges associated with the application of SERS to the biomedical field, and thus, to the use of excitation sources in the near infrared, where biological windows allow for cell and through-tissue measurements. Two main tackling strategies will be discussed: (1) acting on the design of the enhancing substrate, which includes manipulation of nanoparticle shape, material, and supramolecular architecture, and (2) acting on the spectral collection set-up. A final perspective highlights the upcoming scientific and technological bets that need to be won in order for SERS to stably transition from benchtop to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Deriu
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino 10129 Turin Italy
| | - Shaila Thakur
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino 10129 Turin Italy
| | - Olimpia Tammaro
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino 10129 Turin Italy
| | - Laura Fabris
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino 10129 Turin Italy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rutgers University Piscataway NJ 08854 USA
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8
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Elabbadi M, Boukouvala C, Hopper ER, Asselin J, Ringe E. Synthesis of Controllable Cu Shells on Au Nanoparticles with Electrodeposition: A Systematic in Situ Single Particle Study. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:5044-5053. [PMID: 36960102 PMCID: PMC10026066 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c08910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bimetallic Cu on Au nanoparticles with controllable morphology and optical properties were obtained via electrochemical synthesis. In particular, multilobed structures with good homogeneity were achieved through the optimization of experimental parameters such as deposition current, charge transfer, and metal ion concentration. A hyperspectral dark field scattering setup was used to characterize the electrodeposition on a single particle level, with changes in localized surface plasmon resonance frequency correlated with deposition charge transfer and amount of Cu deposited as determined by electron microscopy. This demonstrated the ability to tune morphology and spectra through electrochemical parameters alone. Time-resolved in situ measurements of single particle spectra were obtained, giving an insight into the kinetics of the deposition process. Nucleation of multiple cubes of Cu initially occurs preferentially on the tips of Au nanoparticles, before growing and coalescing to form a multilobed, lumpy shell. Modifying the surface of Au nanoparticles by plasma treatment resulted in thicker and more uniform Cu shells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Elabbadi
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB3 0FS
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB2 3EQ
| | - Christina Boukouvala
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB3 0FS
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB2 3EQ
| | - Elizabeth R. Hopper
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB3 0FS
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB2 3EQ
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, West Cambridge Site, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB3 0AS
| | - Jérémie Asselin
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB3 0FS
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB2 3EQ
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB3 0FS
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB2 3EQ
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9
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Castilla-Amorós L, Schouwink P, Oveisi E, Okatenko V, Buonsanti R. Tailoring Morphology and Elemental Distribution of Cu-In Nanocrystals via Galvanic Replacement. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18286-18295. [PMID: 36173602 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The compositional and structural diversity of bimetallic nanocrystals (NCs) provides a superior tunability of their physico-chemical properties, making them attractive for a variety of applications, including sensing and catalysis. Nevertheless, the manipulation of the properties-determining features of bimetallic NCs still remains a challenge, especially when moving away from noble metals. In this work, we explore the galvanic replacement reaction (GRR) of In NCs and a copper molecular precursor to obtain Cu-In bimetallic NCs with an unprecedented variety of morphologies and distribution of the two metals. We obtain spherical Cu11In9 intermetallic and patchy phase-segregated Cu-In NCs, as well as dimer-like Cu-Cu11In9 and Cu-In NCs. In particular, we find that segregation of the two metals occurs as the GRR progresses with time or with a higher copper precursor concentration. We discover size-dependent reaction kinetics, with the smaller In NCs undergoing a slower transition across the different Cu-In configurations. We compare the obtained results with the bulk Cu-In phase diagram and, interestingly, find that the bigger In NCs stabilize the bulk-like Cu-Cu11In9 configuration before their complete segregation into Cu-In NCs. Finally, we also prove the utility of the new family of Cu-In NCs as model catalysts to elucidate the impact of the metal elemental distribution on the selectivity of these bimetallics toward the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction. Generally, we demonstrate that the GRR is a powerful synthetic approach beyond noble metal-containing bimetallic structures, yet that the current knowledge on this reaction is challenged when oxophilic and poorly miscible metal pairs are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Castilla-Amorós
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry for Energy (LNCE), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Sion CH-1950, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Schouwink
- Institute of Chemical Science and Engineering (ISIC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Sion CH-1950, Switzerland
| | - Emad Oveisi
- Interdisciplinary Center for Electron Microscopy (CIME), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Valery Okatenko
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry for Energy (LNCE), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Sion CH-1950, Switzerland
| | - Raffaella Buonsanti
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry for Energy (LNCE), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Sion CH-1950, Switzerland
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10
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Hopper E, Boukouvala C, Asselin J, Biggins JS, Ringe E. Opportunities and Challenges for Alternative Nanoplasmonic Metals: Magnesium and Beyond. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2022; 126:10630-10643. [PMID: 35836479 PMCID: PMC9272400 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c01944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Materials that sustain localized surface plasmon resonances have a broad technology potential as attractive platforms for surface-enhanced spectroscopies, chemical and biological sensing, light-driven catalysis, hyperthermal cancer therapy, waveguides, and so on. Most plasmonic nanoparticles studied to date are composed of either Ag or Au, for which a vast array of synthetic approaches are available, leading to controllable size and shape. However, recently, alternative materials capable of generating plasmonically enhanced light-matter interactions have gained prominence, notably Cu, Al, In, and Mg. In this Perspective, we give an overview of the attributes of plasmonic nanostructures that lead to their potential use and how their performance is dictated by the choice of plasmonic material, emphasizing the similarities and differences between traditional and emerging plasmonic compositions. First, we discuss the materials limitation encapsulated by the dielectric function. Then, we evaluate how size and shape maneuver localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) energy and field distribution and address how this impacts applications. Next, biocompatibility, reactivity, and cost, all key differences underlying the potential of non-noble metals, are highlighted. We find that metals beyond Ag and Au are of competitive plasmonic quality. We argue that by thinking outside of the box, i.e., by looking at nonconventional materials such as Mg, one can broaden the frequency range and, more importantly, combine the plasmonic response with other properties essential for the implementation of plasmonic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth
R. Hopper
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United
Kingdom
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Boukouvala
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United
Kingdom
| | - Jérémie Asselin
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United
Kingdom
| | - John S. Biggins
- Department
of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United
Kingdom
- . Phone: +44 (0)1223 334330
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11
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Ghildiyal P, Biswas P, Herrera S, Xu F, Alibay Z, Wang Y, Wang H, Abbaschian R, Zachariah MR. Vaporization-Controlled Energy Release Mechanisms Underlying the Exceptional Reactivity of Magnesium Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:17164-17174. [PMID: 35390252 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium nanoparticles (NPs) offer the potential of high-performance reactive materials from both thermodynamic and kinetic perspectives. However, the fundamental energy release mechanisms and kinetics have not been explored due to the lack of facile synthetic routes to high-purity Mg NPs. Here, a vapor-phase route to surface-pure, core-shell nanoscale Mg particles is presented, whereby controlled evaporation and growth are utilized to tune particle sizes (40-500 nm), and their size-dependent reactivity and energetic characteristics are evaluated. Extensive in situ characterizations shed light on the fundamental reaction mechanisms governing the energy release of Mg NP-based energetic composites across particle sizes and oxidizer chemistries. Direct observations from in situ transmission electron microscopy and high-speed temperature-jump/time-of-flight mass spectrometry coupled with ignition characterization reveal that the remarkably high reactivity of Mg NPs is a direct consequence of enhanced vaporization and Mg release from their high-energy surfaces that result in the accelerated energy release kinetics from their composites. Mg NP composites also demonstrate mitigated agglomeration and sintering during reaction due to rapid gasification, enabling complete energy extraction from their oxidation. This work expands the compositional possibilities of nanoscale solid fuels by highlighting the critical relationships between metal volatilization and oxidative energy release from Mg NPs, thus opening new opportunities for strategic design of functional Mg-based nanoenergetic materials for tunable energy release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Ghildiyal
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Prithwish Biswas
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Steven Herrera
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Feiyu Xu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Zaira Alibay
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Yujie Wang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Haiyang Wang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Reza Abbaschian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Michael R Zachariah
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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12
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Hopper E, Wayman TMR, Asselin J, Pinho B, Boukouvala C, Torrente-Murciano L, Ringe E. Size Control in the Colloidal Synthesis of Plasmonic Magnesium Nanoparticles. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2022; 126:563-577. [PMID: 35059097 PMCID: PMC8762659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c07544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles of plasmonic materials can sustain oscillations of their free electron density, called localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs), giving them a broad range of potential applications. Mg is an earth-abundant plasmonic material attracting growing attention owing to its ability to sustain LSPRs across the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared wavelength range. Tuning the LSPR frequency of plasmonic nanoparticles requires precise control over their size and shape; for Mg, this control has previously been achieved using top-down fabrication or gas-phase methods, but these are slow and expensive. Here, we systematically probe the effects of reaction parameters on the nucleation and growth of Mg nanoparticles using a facile and inexpensive colloidal synthesis. Small NPs of 80 nm were synthesized using a low reaction time of 1 min and ∼100 nm NPs were synthesized by decreasing the overall reaction concentration, replacing the naphthalene electron carrier with biphenyl or using metal salt additives of FeCl3 or NiCl2 at longer reaction times of 17 h. Intermediate sizes up to 400 nm were further selected via the overall reaction concentration or using other metal salt additives with different reduction potentials. Significantly larger particles of over a micrometer were produced by reducing the reaction temperature and, thus, the nucleation rate. We showed that increasing the solvent coordination reduced Mg NP sizes, while scaling up the reaction reduced the mixing efficiency and produced larger NPs. Surprisingly, varying the relative amounts of Mg precursor and electron carrier had little impact on the final NP sizes. These results pave the way for the large-scale use of Mg as a low-cost and sustainable plasmonic material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth
R. Hopper
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United
Kingdom
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas M. R. Wayman
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United
Kingdom
| | - Jérémie Asselin
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United
Kingdom
| | - Bruno Pinho
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Boukouvala
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United
Kingdom
| | - Laura Torrente-Murciano
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United
Kingdom
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13
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Koya A, Zhu X, Ohannesian N, Yanik AA, Alabastri A, Proietti Zaccaria R, Krahne R, Shih WC, Garoli D. Nanoporous Metals: From Plasmonic Properties to Applications in Enhanced Spectroscopy and Photocatalysis. ACS NANO 2021; 15:6038-6060. [PMID: 33797880 PMCID: PMC8155319 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The field of plasmonics is capable of enabling interesting applications in different wavelength ranges, spanning from the ultraviolet up to the infrared. The choice of plasmonic material and how the material is nanostructured has significant implications for ultimate performance of any plasmonic device. Artificially designed nanoporous metals (NPMs) have interesting material properties including large specific surface area, distinctive optical properties, high electrical conductivity, and reduced stiffness, implying their potentials for many applications. This paper reviews the wide range of available nanoporous metals (such as Au, Ag, Cu, Al, Mg, and Pt), mainly focusing on their properties as plasmonic materials. While extensive reports on the use and characterization of NPMs exist, a detailed discussion on their connection with surface plasmons and enhanced spectroscopies as well as photocatalysis is missing. Here, we report on different metals investigated, from the most used nanoporous gold to mixed metal compounds, and discuss each of these plasmonic materials' suitability for a range of structural design and applications. Finally, we discuss the potentials and limitations of the traditional and alternative plasmonic materials for applications in enhanced spectroscopy and photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiangchao Zhu
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa
Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Nareg Ohannesian
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston Texas 77204, United States
| | - A. Ali Yanik
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa
Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Alessandro Alabastri
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Remo Proietti Zaccaria
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
- Cixi
Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Materials
Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Zhejiang 315201, China
| | - Roman Krahne
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Wei-Chuan Shih
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa
Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Denis Garoli
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
- Faculty of
Science and Technology, Free University
of Bozen, Piazza Università
5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
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14
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Ringe E. Shapes, Plasmonic Properties, and Reactivity of Magnesium Nanoparticles. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2020; 124:15665-15679. [PMID: 32905178 PMCID: PMC7467285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c03871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Localized surface plasmon resonances have attracted much attention due to their ability to enhance light-matter interactions and manipulate light at the subwavelength level. Recently, alternatives to the rare and expensive noble metals Ag and Au have been sought for more sustainable and large-scale plasmonic utilization. Mg supports plasmon resonances, is one of the most abundant elements in earth's crust, and is fully biocompatible, making it an attractive framework for plasmonics. This feature article first reports the hexagonal, folded, and kite-like shapes expected theoretically from a modified Wulff construction for single crystal and twinned Mg structures and describes their excellent match with experimental results. Then, the optical response of Mg nanoparticles is overviewed, highlighting Mg's ability to sustain localized surface plasmon resonances across the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared electromagnetic ranges. The various resonant modes of hexagons, leading to the highly localized electric field characteristic of plasmonic behavior, are presented numerically and experimentally. The evolution of these modes and the associated field from hexagons to the lower symmetry folded structures is then probed, again by matching simulations, optical, and electron spectroscopy data. Lastly, results demonstrating the opportunities and challenges related to the high chemical reactivity of Mg are discussed, including surface oxide formation and galvanic replacement as a synthetic tool for bimetallics. This Feature Article concludes with a summary of the next steps, open questions, and future directions in the field of Mg nanoplasmonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Ringe
- Department of Materials Science
and Metallurgy, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB2 3EQ
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15
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Cortés E, Govorov AO, Misawa H, Willets KA. Special topic on emerging directions in plasmonics. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:010401. [PMID: 32640808 DOI: 10.1063/5.0017914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmonics enables a wealth of applications, including photocatalysis, photoelectrochemistry, photothermal heating, optoelectronic devices, and biological and chemical sensing, while encompassing a broad range of materials, including coinage metals, doped semiconductors, metamaterials, 2D materials, bioconjugates, and chiral assemblies. Applications in plasmonics benefit from the large local electromagnetic field enhancements generated by plasmon excitation, as well as the products of plasmon decay, including photons, hot charge carriers, and heat. This special topic highlights recent work in both theory and experiment that advance our fundamental understanding of plasmon excitation and decay mechanisms, showcase new applications enabled by plasmon excitation, and highlight emerging classes of materials that support plasmon excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Cortés
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat (LMU), 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander O Govorov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - Hiroaki Misawa
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan and Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Katherine A Willets
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
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16
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Asselin J, Boukouvala C, Hopper ER, Ramasse QM, Biggins JS, Ringe E. Tents, Chairs, Tacos, Kites, and Rods: Shapes and Plasmonic Properties of Singly Twinned Magnesium Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2020; 14:5968-5980. [PMID: 32286792 PMCID: PMC7254836 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructures of some metals can sustain light-driven electron oscillations called localized surface plasmon resonances, or LSPRs, that give rise to absorption, scattering, and local electric field enhancement. Their resonant frequency is dictated by the nanoparticle (NP) shape and size, fueling much research geared toward discovery and control of new structures. LSPR properties also depend on composition; traditional, rare, and expensive noble metals (Ag, Au) are increasingly eclipsed by earth-abundant alternatives, with Mg being an exciting candidate capable of sustaining resonances across the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared spectral ranges. Here, we report numerical predictions and experimental verifications of a set of shapes based on Mg NPs displaying various twinning patterns including (101̅1), (101̅2), (101̅3), and (112̅1), that create tent-, chair-, taco-, and kite-shaped NPs, respectively. These are strikingly different from what is obtained for typical plasmonic metals because Mg crystallizes in a hexagonal close packed structure, as opposed to the cubic Al, Cu, Ag, and Au. A numerical survey of the optical response of the various structures, as well as the effect of size and aspect ratio, reveals their rich array of resonances, which are supported by single-particle optical scattering experiments. Further, corresponding numerical and experimental studies of the near-field plasmon distribution via scanning transmission electron microscopy electron-energy loss spectroscopy unravels a mode nature and distribution that are unlike those of either hexagonal plates or cylindrical rods. These NPs, made from earth-abundant Mg, provide interesting ways to control light at the nanoscale across the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared spectral ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Asselin
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB3 0FS
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB2 3EQ
| | - Christina Boukouvala
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB3 0FS
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB2 3EQ
| | - Elizabeth R. Hopper
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB3 0FS
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB2 3EQ
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB3 0AS
| | - Quentin M. Ramasse
- School
of Chemical and Process Engineering, University
of Leeds, 211 Clarendon
Road, Leeds, United Kingdom, LS2 9JT
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Leeds, Woodhouse, Leeds, United Kingdom, LS2 9JS
- SuperSTEM, SciTech Daresbury Science and Innovation Campus, Keckwick Lane, Warrington, United Kingdom, WA4 4AD
| | - John S. Biggins
- Department
of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB2 1PZ
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB3 0FS
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB2 3EQ
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