1
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Youden B, Yang D, Carrier A, Oakes K, Servos M, Jiang R, Zhang X. Speciation Analysis of Metals and Metalloids by Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39250346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c06906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
The presence of metalloids and heavy metals in the environment is of critical concern due to their toxicological impacts. However, not all metallic species have the same risk level. Specifically, the physical, chemical, and isotopic speciation of the metal(loids) dictate their metabolism, toxicity, and environmental fate. As such, speciation analysis is critical for environmental monitoring and risk assessment. In the past two decades, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has seen significant developments regarding trace metal(loid) sensing due to its ultrahigh sensitivity, readiness for in situ real-time applications, and cost-effectiveness. However, the speciation of metal(loid)s has not been accounted for in the design and application of SERS sensors. In this Perspective, we examine the potential of SERS for metal(loid) speciation analysis and highlight the advantages, progress, opportunities, and challenges of this application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Youden
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Dongchang Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Breton University, Sydney, Nova Scotia B1P 6L2, Canada
| | - Andrew Carrier
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Breton University, Sydney, Nova Scotia B1P 6L2, Canada
| | - Ken Oakes
- Department of Biology, Cape Breton University, Sydney, Nova Scotia B1P 6L2, Canada
| | - Mark Servos
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Runqing Jiang
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Medical Physics, Grand River Regional Cancer Centre, Kitchener, Ontario N2G 1G3, Canada
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Breton University, Sydney, Nova Scotia B1P 6L2, Canada
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2
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Wang K, Choyal S, Schultz JF, McKenzie J, Li L, Liu X, Jiang N. Borophene: Synthesis, Chemistry, and Electronic Properties. Chempluschem 2024:e202400333. [PMID: 39031807 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
As a neighbor of carbon in the periodic table, boron exhibits versatile structural and electronic configurations, with its allotropes predicted to possess intriguing structures and properties. Since the experimental realization of two-dimensional (2D) boron sheets (borophene) on Ag(111) substrates in 2015, the experimental study of the realization and characteristics of borophene has drawn increasing interest. In this review, we summarize the synthesis and properties of borophene, which are mainly based on experimental results. First, the synthesis of borophene on different substrates, as well as borophane and bilayer borophene, featuring unique phases and properties, are discussed. Next, the chemistry of borophene, such as oxidation, hydrogenation, and its integration into heterostructures with other materials, is summarized. We also mention a few works focused on the physical properties of borophene, specifically its electronic properties. Lastly, the brief outlook addresses challenges toward practical applications of borophene and possible solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Shilpa Choyal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Jeremy F Schultz
- Nanoscale Device Characterization Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - James McKenzie
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Stavropoulos Center for Complex Quantum Matter, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Linfei Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Stavropoulos Center for Complex Quantum Matter, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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3
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Lei YJ, Zhao L, Lai WH, Huang Z, Sun B, Jaumaux P, Sun K, Wang YX, Wang G. Electrochemical coupling in subnanometer pores/channels for rechargeable batteries. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:3829-3895. [PMID: 38436202 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs01043k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Subnanometer pores/channels (SNPCs) play crucial roles in regulating electrochemical redox reactions for rechargeable batteries. The delicately designed and tailored porous structure of SNPCs not only provides ample space for ion storage but also facilitates efficient ion diffusion within the electrodes in batteries, which can greatly improve the electrochemical performance. However, due to current technological limitations, it is challenging to synthesize and control the quality, storage, and transport of nanopores at the subnanometer scale, as well as to understand the relationship between SNPCs and performances. In this review, we systematically classify and summarize materials with SNPCs from a structural perspective, dividing them into one-dimensional (1D) SNPCs, two-dimensional (2D) SNPCs, and three-dimensional (3D) SNPCs. We also unveil the unique physicochemical properties of SNPCs and analyse electrochemical couplings in SNPCs for rechargeable batteries, including cathodes, anodes, electrolytes, and functional materials. Finally, we discuss the challenges that SNPCs may face in electrochemical reactions in batteries and propose future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Jie Lei
- Centre for Clean Energy Technology, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Lingfei Zhao
- Institute for Superconducting & Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, Squires Way, North Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Wei-Hong Lai
- Institute for Superconducting & Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, Squires Way, North Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Zefu Huang
- Centre for Clean Energy Technology, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Bing Sun
- Centre for Clean Energy Technology, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Pauline Jaumaux
- Centre for Clean Energy Technology, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Kening Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, P. R. China.
| | - Yun-Xiao Wang
- Institute of Energy Materials Science (IEMS), University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, P. R. China.
| | - Guoxiu Wang
- Centre for Clean Energy Technology, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
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4
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Hardy M, Goldberg Oppenheimer P. 'When is a hotspot a good nanospot' - review of analytical and hotspot-dominated surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy nanoplatforms. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:3293-3323. [PMID: 38273798 PMCID: PMC10868661 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05332f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Substrate development in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) continues to attract research interest. In order to determine performance metrics, researchers in foundational SERS studies use a variety of experimental means to characterize the nature of substrates. However, often this process would appear to be performed indiscriminately without consideration for the physical scale of the enhancement phenomena. Herein, we differentiate between SERS substrates whose primary enhancing structures are on the hundreds of nanometer scale (analytical SERS nanosubstrates) and those whose main mechanism derives from nanometric-sized gaps (hot-spot dominated SERS substrates), assessing the utility of various characterization methods for each substrate class. In this context, characterization approaches in white-light spectroscopy, electron beam methods, and scanning probe spectroscopies are reviewed. Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, wavelength-scanned SERS studies, and the impact of surface hydrophobicity are also discussed. Conclusions are thus drawn on the applicability of each characterization technique regarding amenability for SERS experiments that have features at different length scales. For instance, while white light spectroscopy can provide an indication of the plasmon resonances associated with 10 s-100 s nm-scale structures, it may not reveal information about finer surface texturing on the true nm-scale, critical for SERS' sensitivity, and in need of investigation via scanning probe techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Hardy
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
- Centre for Quantum Materials and Technologies, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK.
| | - Pola Goldberg Oppenheimer
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
- Healthcare Technologies Institute, Institute of Translational Medicine, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
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5
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Wang CF, Krayev AV, El-Khoury PZ. Subnanometer Visualization of Spatially Varying Local Field Resonances that Drive Tip-Enhanced Optical Spectroscopy. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:9114-9118. [PMID: 37751571 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Our knowledge of the electromagnetic fields that power modern nanoscale optical measurements, including (non)linear tip-enhanced Raman and photoluminescence, chiefly stems from numerical simulations. Aside from idealized in silico vs heterogeneous (nano)structures in the laboratory, challenges in quantitative descriptions of nanoscale light-matter interactions more generally stem from the very nature of the problem, which lies at the interface of classical and quantum theories. This is particularly the case in ultrahigh spatial resolution measurements that are sensitive to local optical field variations that take place on subnanometer length scales. This work approaches this challenge through extinction-based spectral nanoimaging experiments. We demonstrate <1 nm spatial resolution in hyperspectral extinction measurements that track spatially varying plasmon resonances. We describe the principles behind our experiments and highlight more general implications of our observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Feng Wang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Andrey V Krayev
- Horiba Instruments, Inc., 359 Bel Marin Keys Blvd., Suite 18, Novato, California 94949, United States
| | - Patrick Z El-Khoury
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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6
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El-Khoury PZ. High spatial resolution ambient tip-enhanced (multipolar) Raman scattering. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:3536-3541. [PMID: 36852462 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00434a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
This article summarizes lessons learnt from ambient tip-enhanced Raman (TER) mapping of molecules interacting with plasmonic nanostructures. It is shown that numerous physical and chemical phenomena contribute to high-resolution TER spectral images. As a result, selectively tracking interfacial chemical transformations via TERS is more challenging than currently appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Z El-Khoury
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
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7
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El-Khoury PZ. Tip-Enhanced Raman Chemical and Chemical Reaction Imaging in H 2O with Sub-3-nm Spatial Resolution. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:6639-6642. [PMID: 36919918 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Reproducible chemical and chemical reaction nanoimaging at solid-liquid interfaces remains challenging, particularly when resolutions on the order of a few nanometers are sought. In this work, we demonstrate the latter through liquid-tip-enhanced Raman (TER) measurements that target gold nanoplates functionalized with 4-mercaptobenzonitrile (MBN). In addition to chemical imaging and local optical field nanovisualization with high spatial resolution, we observe the signatures of 4-mercaptobenzoic acid, which forms as a result of plasmon-induced hydrolysis of MBN. Evidently, the solvent leads to distinct plasmon-induced/enhanced chemical reaction pathways that have not been documented. This work shows that such reactions that take place at solid-liquid interfaces can be tracked with a record sub-3-nm spatial resolution via TER spectral nanoimaging in liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Z El-Khoury
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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8
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Mahapatra S, Jiang N. Precise tracking of tip-induced structural variation at the single-chemical-bond limit. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:21. [PMID: 36627289 PMCID: PMC9832007 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-01055-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sub-nanometer-resolved TERS provides a systematic way for investigating tip-molecule interaction and molecular motions, enabling a promising approach to examine on-surface reaction mechanisms and catalysis at the microscopic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantan Mahapatra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
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9
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Bryche JF, Vega M, Tempez A, Brulé T, Carlier T, Moreau J, Chaigneau M, Charette PG, Canva M. Spatially-Localized Functionalization on Nanostructured Surfaces for Enhanced Plasmonic Sensing Efficacy. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3586. [PMID: 36296775 PMCID: PMC9609756 DOI: 10.3390/nano12203586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This work demonstrates the enhancement in plasmonic sensing efficacy resulting from spatially-localized functionalization on nanostructured surfaces, whereby probe molecules are concentrated in areas of high field concentration. Comparison between SERS measurements on nanostructured surfaces (arrays of nanodisks 110 and 220 nm in diameter) with homogeneous and spatially-localized functionalization with thiophenol demonstrates that the Raman signal originates mainly from areas with high field concentration. TERS measurements with 10 nm spatial resolution confirm the field distribution profiles predicted by the numerical modeling. Though this enhancement in plasmonic sensing efficacy is demonstrated with SERS, results apply equally well to any type of optical/plasmonic sensing on functionalized surfaces with nanostructuring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Bryche
- Laboratoire Nanotechnologies Nanosystèmes (LN2-IRL 3463)-CNRS, Université de Sherbrooke, 3000 Boulevard de l’Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K OA5, Canada
- Institut Interdisciplinaire d’Innovation Technologique (3IT), 3000 Boulevard de l’Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K OA5, Canada
| | - Marlo Vega
- Laboratoire Nanotechnologies Nanosystèmes (LN2-IRL 3463)-CNRS, Université de Sherbrooke, 3000 Boulevard de l’Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K OA5, Canada
- Institut Interdisciplinaire d’Innovation Technologique (3IT), 3000 Boulevard de l’Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K OA5, Canada
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry—Institut d’Optique Graduate School, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | | | | | | | - Julien Moreau
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry—Institut d’Optique Graduate School, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | | | - Paul G. Charette
- Laboratoire Nanotechnologies Nanosystèmes (LN2-IRL 3463)-CNRS, Université de Sherbrooke, 3000 Boulevard de l’Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K OA5, Canada
- Institut Interdisciplinaire d’Innovation Technologique (3IT), 3000 Boulevard de l’Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K OA5, Canada
| | - Michael Canva
- Laboratoire Nanotechnologies Nanosystèmes (LN2-IRL 3463)-CNRS, Université de Sherbrooke, 3000 Boulevard de l’Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K OA5, Canada
- Institut Interdisciplinaire d’Innovation Technologique (3IT), 3000 Boulevard de l’Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K OA5, Canada
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10
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Zhang P, Chen L, Sheng S, Hu W, Liu H, Ma C, Liu Z, Feng B, Cheng P, Zhang Y, Chen L, Zhao J, Wu K. Melamine self-assembly and dehydrogenation on Ag(111) studied by tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:204301. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0091353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The adsorption and self-assembly structures of melamine molecules on an Ag(111) surface are studied by low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) combined with tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS). Two ordered self-assembly phases of melamine molecules on Ag(111) were studied by STM and TERS, combining with first-principles simulations. The α-phase consists of flat-lying melamine molecules, while the β-phase consists of mixed up-standing/tilted melamine molecules. Moreover, dehydrogenation of melamine can be controlled by annealing the sample as well as by a tip-enhanced photo-catalytic effect. Our work demonstrates TERS as a powerful tool not only for investigating the configuration and vibration properties of molecules on a metal surface with high spatial resolution but also for manipulating the chemical reactions with tip and photo-induced effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Linjie Chen
- Department of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shaoxiang Sheng
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wenqi Hu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Huiru Liu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chen Ma
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zijia Liu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Baojie Feng
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yiqi Zhang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lan Chen
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Physics, CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Kehui Wu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
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11
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Pienpinijtham P, Kitahama Y, Ozaki Y. Progress of tip-enhanced Raman scattering for the last two decades and its challenges in very recent years. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:5265-5288. [PMID: 35332899 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr00274d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) has recently attracted remarkable attention as a novel nano-spectroscopy technique. TERS, which provides site-specific information, can be performed on any material surface regardless of morphology. Moreover, it can be applied in various environments, such as ambient air, ultrahigh vacuum (UHV), solutions, and electrochemical environments. This review reports on one hand progress of TERS for the last two decades, and on the other hand, its challenges in very recent years. Part of the progress of TERS starts with the prehistory and history of TERS, and then, the characteristics and advantages of TERS are described. Significant emphasis is put on the development of TERS instrumentation and equipment such as ultrahigh vacuum TERS, liquid TERS, electrochemical-TERS, and tip-preparations. Applications of TERS, particularly those with nanocarbons, biological materials, and surface and interface analysis, are mentioned in some detail. In the part on challenges, we focus on the very recent advances in TERS; progress in spatial resolution to the angstrom scale is the hottest topic. Recent TERS studies performed under UHV, for example chemical imaging at the angstrom scale and Raman detection of bond breaking and making of a chemisorbed up-standing single molecules at single-bond level, are reviewed. Of course, there is no clear border between the two parts. In the last part the perspective of TERS is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prompong Pienpinijtham
- Sensor Research Unit (SRU), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
- National Nanotechnology Center of Advanced Structural and Functional Nanomaterials, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Bioactive Resources for Innovative Clinical Applications, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Yasutaka Kitahama
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Yukihiro Ozaki
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan.
- Toyota Physical and Chemical Research Institute, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
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12
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Chemically identifying single adatoms with single-bond sensitivity during oxidation reactions of borophene. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1796. [PMID: 35379784 PMCID: PMC8979967 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29445-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe chemical interrogation of individual atomic adsorbates on a surface significantly contributes to understanding the atomic-scale processes behind on-surface reactions. However, it remains highly challenging for current imaging or spectroscopic methods to achieve such a high chemical spatial resolution. Here we show that single oxygen adatoms on a boron monolayer (i.e., borophene) can be identified and mapped via ultrahigh vacuum tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (UHV-TERS) with ~4.8 Å spatial resolution and single bond (B–O) sensitivity. With this capability, we realize the atomically defined, chemically homogeneous, and thermally reversible oxidation of borophene via atomic oxygen in UHV. Furthermore, we reveal the propensity of borophene towards molecular oxygen activation at room temperature and phase-dependent chemical properties. In addition to offering atomic-level insights into the oxidation of borophene, this work demonstrates UHV-TERS as a powerful tool to probe the local chemistry of surface adsorbates in the atomic regime with widespread utilities in heterogeneous catalysis, on-surface molecular engineering, and low-dimensional materials.
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13
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Schultz JF, Li L, Mahapatra S, Jiang N. Chemically imaging nanostructures formed by the covalent assembly of molecular building blocks on a surface with ultrahigh vacuum tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:204008. [PMID: 35196263 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac57d8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Surface-bound reactions have become a viable method to develop nanoarchitectures through bottom-up assembly with near atomic precision. However, the bottom-up fabrication of nanostructures on surfaces requires careful consideration of the intrinsic properties of the precursors and substrate as well as the complex interplay of any interactions that arise in the heterogeneous two-dimensional (2D) system. Therefore, it becomes necessary to consider these systems with characterization methods sensitive to such properties with suitable spatial resolution. Here, low temperature ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) were used to investigate the formation of 2D covalent networks via coupling reactions of tetra(4-bromophenyl)porphyrin (Br4TPP) molecules on a Ag(100) substrate. Through the combination of STM topographic imaging and TERS vibrational fingerprints, the conformation of molecular precursors on the substrate was understood. Following the thermally activated coupling reaction, STM and TERS imaging confirm the covalent nature of the 2D networks and suggest that the apparent disorder arises from molecular flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy F Schultz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States of America
| | - Linfei Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States of America
| | - Sayantan Mahapatra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States of America
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States of America
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14
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Mahapatra S, Schultz JF, Li L, Zhang X, Jiang N. Controlling Localized Plasmons via an Atomistic Approach: Attainment of Site-Selective Activation inside a Single Molecule. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:2051-2055. [PMID: 34978804 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chemical reactions such as bond dissociation and formation assisted by localized surface plasmons (LSPs) of noble metal nanostructures hold promise in solar-to-chemical energy conversion. However, the precise control of localized plasmons to activate a specific moiety of a molecule, in the presence of multiple chemically equivalent parts within a single molecule, is scarce due to the relatively large lateral distribution of the plasmonic field. Herein, we report the plasmon-assisted dissociation of a specific molecular site (C-Si bond) within a polyfunctional molecule adsorbed on a Cu(100) surface in the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) junction. The molecular site to be activated can be selected by carefully positioning the tip and bringing the tip extremely close to the molecule (atomistic approach), thereby achieving plasmonic nanoconfinement at the tip apex. Furthermore, multiple reactive sites are activated in a sequential manner at the sub-molecular scale, and different sets of products are created and visualized by STM topography and density functional theory (DFT) modeling. The illustration of site-selective activation achieved by localized surface plasmons implies the realization of molecular-scale resolution for bond-selected plasmon-induced chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantan Mahapatra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Jeremy F Schultz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Linfei Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University, Northridge, California 91330, United States
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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15
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Lee YR, Huang CC, Huang WY, Chen CT, Huang PT, Wang JK. Nanometer-scaled landscape of polymer: fullerene blends mapped with visible s-SNOM. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:165702. [PMID: 34963107 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac46b5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bulk heterojunction is one key concept leading to breakthrough in organic photovoltaics. The active layer is expectantly formed of distinct morphologies that carry out their respective roles in photovoltaic performance. The morphology-performance relationship however remains stymied, because unequivocal morphology at the nanoscale is not available. We used scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy operating with a visible light source (visibles-SNOM) to disclose the nanomorphology of P3HT:PCBM and pBCN:PCBM blends. Donor and acceptor domain as well as intermixed phase were identified and their intertwined distributions were mapped. We proposed energy landscapes of the BHJ active layer to shed light on the roles played by these morphologies in charge separation, transport and recombination. This study shows that visibles-SNOM is capable of profiling the morphological backdrop pertaining to the operation of high performance organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Rong Lee
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chia Huang
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yu Huang
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Ti Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Tsung Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Juen-Kai Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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16
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Li X, Ge H, Xue R, Wu M, Chi L. Anchoring and Reacting On-Surface to Achieve Programmability. JACS AU 2022; 2:58-65. [PMID: 35098221 PMCID: PMC8790738 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis has developed into a modern method to fabricate low-dimensional molecular nanostructures with atomic precision. It impresses the chemistry community mostly via its simplicity, selectivity, and programmability during the synthesis. However, an insufficient mechanistic understanding of on-surface reactions and the discriminations in methodologies block it out from the conventional cognition of reaction and catalysis, which inhibits the extensive implication of on-surface synthesis. In this Perspective, we summarize the empirical paradigms of conceptually appealing programmability in on-surface synthesis. We endeavor to deliver the message that the impressive programmability is related to chemical heterogeneity which can also be coded at the molecular level and deciphered by the catalytic surfaces in varying chemical environments as specific chemical selectivity. With the assistance of structure-sensitive techniques, it is possible to recognize the chemical heterogeneity on surfaces to provide insight into the programmable on-surface construction of molecular nanoarchitectures and to reshape the correlation between the mechanistic understanding in on-surface synthesis and conventional chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechao Li
- Institute of Functional Nano &
Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional
Materials and Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of
Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Haitao Ge
- Institute of Functional Nano &
Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional
Materials and Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of
Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Renjie Xue
- Institute of Functional Nano &
Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional
Materials and Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of
Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Minghui Wu
- Institute of Functional Nano &
Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional
Materials and Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of
Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Institute of Functional Nano &
Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional
Materials and Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of
Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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17
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Abstract
Historically, molecular spectroscopists have focused their attention to the right-hand side of the Schrödinger equation. Our major goal had and still has to do with determining a (bio)molecular system's Hamiltonian operator. From a theoretical spectroscopist's perspective, this entails varying the parameters of a model Hamiltonian until the predicted observables agree with their experimental analogues. In this context, less emphasis has been put on the left-hand side of the equation, where the interplay between a system and its immediate local environment is described. The latter is particularly meaningful and informative in modern applications of optical microscopy and spectroscopy that take advantage of surface plasmons to enhance molecular scattering cross-sections and to increase the attainable spatial resolution that is classically limited by diffraction. Indeed, the manipulation of light near the apex of a metallic nanotip has enabled single molecule detection, identification, and imaging. The distinct advantages of the so-called tip-enhanced optical nanospectroscopy/nanoimaging approaches are self-evident: ultrahigh spatial resolution (nanometer or better) and ultimate sensitivity (down to yoctomolar) are both attainable, all while retaining the ability to chemically fingerprint one molecule at a time (e.g., through Raman scattering). An equally interesting aspect of the same approach stems from using the properties of a single molecule to characterize the local environment in which it resides. This concept of single molecule spectroscopy on the left-hand side of the Schrödinger equation is certainly not novel and has been discussed in pioneering single molecule studies that ultimately led to a Nobel prize in chemistry. That said, local environment mapping through ultrasensitive optical spectroscopy acquires a unique flavor when executed using tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS). This is the subject of this Account.In a series of recent reports, our group utilized TERS to characterize different properties of nanolocalized and enhanced optical fields. The platforms that were used to this end consist of chemically functionalized plasmonic nanostructures and nanoparticles imaged using visible-light-irradiated gold- or silver-coated probes of an atomic force microscope. Through a detailed analysis of the recorded spectral nanoimages, we found that molecular Raman spectra may be used to track the magnitudes, resonances, spatiotemporal gradients, and even vector components of optical fields with nanometer spatial resolution under ambient conditions. On the other side of the equation, understanding how spatially varying optical fields modulate molecular nano-Raman spectra is of utmost importance to emerging areas of nanophotonics. For instance, tracking plasmon-enhanced chemical transformations via TERS necessitates a deeper fundamental understanding of the optical signatures of molecular reorientation and multipolar Raman scattering, both of which may be driven by local optical field gradients that are operative in TERS. We illustrate these concepts and introduce the readers to the generally less appreciated and equally exciting world of TERS on the left-hand side of the Schrödinger equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Z. El-Khoury
- Chemical Physics and Analysis Group, Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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18
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Serebrennikova KV, Berlina AN, Sotnikov DV, Zherdev AV, Dzantiev BB. Raman Scattering-Based Biosensing: New Prospects and Opportunities. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:512. [PMID: 34940269 PMCID: PMC8699498 DOI: 10.3390/bios11120512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The growing interest in the development of new platforms for the application of Raman spectroscopy techniques in biosensor technologies is driven by the potential of these techniques in identifying chemical compounds, as well as structural and functional features of biomolecules. The effect of Raman scattering is a result of inelastic light scattering processes, which lead to the emission of scattered light with a different frequency associated with molecular vibrations of the identified molecule. Spontaneous Raman scattering is usually weak, resulting in complexities with the separation of weak inelastically scattered light and intense Rayleigh scattering. These limitations have led to the development of various techniques for enhancing Raman scattering, including resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS) and nonlinear Raman spectroscopy (coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy and stimulated Raman spectroscopy). Furthermore, the discovery of the phenomenon of enhanced Raman scattering near metallic nanostructures gave impetus to the development of the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) as well as its combination with resonance Raman spectroscopy and nonlinear Raman spectroscopic techniques. The combination of nonlinear and resonant optical effects with metal substrates or nanoparticles can be used to increase speed, spatial resolution, and signal amplification in Raman spectroscopy, making these techniques promising for the analysis and characterization of biological samples. This review provides the main provisions of the listed Raman techniques and the advantages and limitations present when applied to life sciences research. The recent advances in SERS and SERS-combined techniques are summarized, such as SERRS, SE-CARS, and SE-SRS for bioimaging and the biosensing of molecules, which form the basis for potential future applications of these techniques in biosensor technology. In addition, an overview is given of the main tools for success in the development of biosensors based on Raman spectroscopy techniques, which can be achieved by choosing one or a combination of the following approaches: (i) fabrication of a reproducible SERS substrate, (ii) synthesis of the SERS nanotag, and (iii) implementation of new platforms for on-site testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Boris B. Dzantiev
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (K.V.S.); (A.N.B.); (D.V.S.); (A.V.Z.)
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19
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Li L, Schultz JF, Mahapatra S, Liu X, Shaw C, Zhang X, Hersam MC, Jiang N. Angstrom-Scale Spectroscopic Visualization of Interfacial Interactions in an Organic/Borophene Vertical Heterostructure. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:15624-15634. [PMID: 34369773 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional boron monolayers (i.e., borophene) hold promise for a variety of energy, catalytic, and nanoelectronic device technologies due to the unique nature of boron-boron bonds. To realize its full potential, borophene needs to be seamlessly interfaced with other materials, thus motivating the atomic-scale characterization of borophene-based heterostructures. Here, we report the vertical integration of borophene with tetraphenyldibenzoperiflanthene (DBP) and measure the angstrom-scale interfacial interactions with ultrahigh-vacuum tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (UHV-TERS). In addition to identifying the vibrational signatures of adsorbed DBP, TERS reveals subtle ripples and compressive strains of the borophene lattice underneath the molecular layer. The induced interfacial strain is demonstrated to extend in borophene by ∼1 nm beyond the molecular region by virtue of 5 Å chemical spatial resolution. Molecular manipulation experiments prove the molecular origins of interfacial strain in addition to allowing atomic control of local strain with magnitudes as small as ∼0.6%. In addition to being the first realization of an organic/borophene vertical heterostructure, this study demonstrates that UHV-TERS is a powerful analytical tool to spectroscopically investigate buried and highly localized interfacial characteristics at the atomic scale, which can be applied to additional classes of heterostructured materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfei Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Jeremy F Schultz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Sayantan Mahapatra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Chasen Shaw
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, California 91330, United States
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, California 91330, United States
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Applied Physics Graduate Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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20
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Marini M, Legittimo F, Torre B, Allione M, Limongi T, Scaltrito L, Pirri CF, di Fabrizio E. DNA Studies: Latest Spectroscopic and Structural Approaches. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12091094. [PMID: 34577737 PMCID: PMC8465297 DOI: 10.3390/mi12091094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This review looks at the different approaches, techniques, and materials devoted to DNA studies. In the past few decades, DNA nanotechnology, micro-fabrication, imaging, and spectroscopies have been tailored and combined for a broad range of medical-oriented applications. The continuous advancements in miniaturization of the devices, as well as the continuous need to study biological material structures and interactions, down to single molecules, have increase the interdisciplinarity of emerging technologies. In the following paragraphs, we will focus on recent sensing approaches, with a particular effort attributed to cutting-edge techniques for structural and mechanical studies of nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Marini
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (F.L.); (B.T.); (T.L.); (L.S.); (C.F.P.); (E.d.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-090-43-22
| | - Francesca Legittimo
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (F.L.); (B.T.); (T.L.); (L.S.); (C.F.P.); (E.d.F.)
| | - Bruno Torre
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (F.L.); (B.T.); (T.L.); (L.S.); (C.F.P.); (E.d.F.)
| | - Marco Allione
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Livorno 60, 10144 Torino, Italy;
| | - Tania Limongi
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (F.L.); (B.T.); (T.L.); (L.S.); (C.F.P.); (E.d.F.)
| | - Luciano Scaltrito
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (F.L.); (B.T.); (T.L.); (L.S.); (C.F.P.); (E.d.F.)
| | - Candido Fabrizio Pirri
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (F.L.); (B.T.); (T.L.); (L.S.); (C.F.P.); (E.d.F.)
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Livorno 60, 10144 Torino, Italy;
| | - Enzo di Fabrizio
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (F.L.); (B.T.); (T.L.); (L.S.); (C.F.P.); (E.d.F.)
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21
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Su HS, Feng HS, Wu X, Sun JJ, Ren B. Recent advances in plasmon-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for catalytic reactions on bifunctional metallic nanostructures. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:13962-13975. [PMID: 34477677 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr04009j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metallic nanostructures exhibit superior catalytic performance for diverse chemical reactions and the in-depth understanding of reaction mechanisms requires versatile characterization methods. Plasmon-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (PERS), including surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS), and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), appears as a powerful technique to characterize the Raman fingerprint information of surface species with high chemical sensitivity and spatial resolution. To expand the range of catalytic reactions studied by PERS, catalytically active metals are integrated with plasmonic metals to produce bifunctional metallic nanostructures. In this minireview, we discuss the recent advances in PERS techniques to probe the chemical reactions catalysed by bifunctional metallic nanostructures. First, we introduce different architectures of these dual-functionality nanostructures. We then highlight the recent works using PERS to investigate important catalytic reactions as well as the electronic and catalytic properties of these nanostructures. Finally, we provide some perspectives for future PERS studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Sheng Su
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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22
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Wang HL, You EM, Panneerselvam R, Ding SY, Tian ZQ. Advances of surface-enhanced Raman and IR spectroscopies: from nano/microstructures to macro-optical design. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:161. [PMID: 34349103 PMCID: PMC8338991 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00599-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Raman and infrared (IR) spectroscopy are powerful analytical techniques, but have intrinsically low detection sensitivity. There have been three major steps (i) to advance the optical system of the light excitation, collection, and detection since 1920s, (ii) to utilize nanostructure-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) since 1990s, and (iii) to rationally couple (i) and (ii) for maximizing the total detection sensitivity since 2010s. After surveying the history of SERS and SEIRA, we outline the principle of plasmonics and the different mechanisms of SERS and SEIRA. We describe various interactions of light with nano/microstructures, localized surface plasmon, surface plasmon polariton, and lightning-rod effect. Their coupling effects can significantly increase the surface sensitivity by designing nanoparticle-nanoparticle and nanoparticle-substrate configuration. As the nano/microstructures have specific optical near-field and far-field behaviors, we focus on how to systematically design the macro-optical systems to maximize the excitation efficiency and detection sensitivity. We enumerate the key optical designs in particular ATR-based operation modes of directional excitation and emission from visible to IR spectral region. We also present some latest advancements on scanning-probe microscopy-based nanoscale spectroscopy. Finally, prospects and further developments of this field are given with emphasis on emerging techniques and methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - En-Ming You
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | | | - Song-Yuan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zhong-Qun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfei Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
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24
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Li L, Mahapatra S, Liu D, Lu Z, Jiang N. On-Surface Synthesis and Molecular Engineering of Carbon-Based Nanoarchitectures. ACS NANO 2021; 15:3578-3585. [PMID: 33606498 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis via covalent coupling of adsorbed precursor molecules on metal surfaces has emerged as a promising strategy for the design and fabrication of novel organic nanoarchitectures with unique properties and potential applications in nanoelectronics, optoelectronics, spintronics, catalysis, etc. Surface-chemistry-driven molecular engineering (i.e., bond cleavage, linkage, and rearrangement) by means of thermal activation, light irradiation, and tip manipulation plays critical roles in various on-surface synthetic processes, as exemplified by the work from the Ernst group in a prior issue of ACS Nano. In this Perspective, we highlight recent advances in and discuss the outlook for on-surface syntheses and molecular engineering of carbon-based nanoarchitectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfei Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Sayantan Mahapatra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Dairong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Zhongyi Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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25
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Wang H, González-Fialkowski JM, Li W, Xie Q, Yu Y, Xu XG. Liquid-Phase Peak Force Infrared Microscopy for Chemical Nanoimaging and Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2021; 93:3567-3575. [PMID: 33573375 PMCID: PMC7988711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Peak force infrared (PFIR) microscopy is an emerging atomic force microscopy that bypasses Abbe's diffraction limit in achieving chemical nanoimaging and spectroscopy. The PFIR microscopy mechanically detects the infrared photothermal responses in the dynamic tip-sample contact of peak force tapping mode and has been applied for a variety of samples, ranging from soft matters, photovoltaic heterojunctions, to polaritonic materials under the air conditions. In this article, we develop and demonstrate the PFIR microscopy in the liquid phase for soft matters and biological samples. With the capability of controlling fluid compositions on demand, the liquid-phase peak force infrared (LiPFIR) microscopy enables in situ tracking of the polymer surface reorganization in fluids and detecting the product of click chemical reaction in the aqueous phase. Both broadband spectroscopy and infrared imaging with ∼10 nm spatial resolution are benchmarked in the fluid phase, together with complementary mechanical information. We also demonstrate the LiPFIR microscopy on revealing the chemical composition of a budding site of yeast cell wall particles in water as an application on biological structures. The label-free, nondestructive chemical nanoimaging and spectroscopic capabilities of the LiPFIR microscopy will facilitate the investigations of soft matters and their transformations at the solid/liquid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haomin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 E Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | | | - Wenqian Li
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Qing Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 E Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Xiaoji G Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 E Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
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26
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Dong ZC. Scanning Raman picoscopy: Ångström-resolved tip-enhanced Raman spectromicroscopy. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp2102027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhen-chao Dong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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27
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Sartin MM, Su HS, Wang X, Ren B. Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for nanoscale probing of dynamic chemical systems. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:170901. [PMID: 33167627 DOI: 10.1063/5.0027917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamics are fundamental to all aspects of chemistry and play a central role in the mechanism and product distribution of a chemical reaction. All dynamic processes are influenced by the local environment, so it is of fundamental and practical value to understand the structure of the environment and the dynamics with nanoscale resolution. Most techniques for measuring dynamic processes have microscopic spatial resolution and can only measure the average behavior of a large ensemble of sites within their sampling volumes. Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) is a powerful tool for overcoming this limitation due to its combination of high chemical specificity and spatial resolution that is on the nanometer scale. Adapting it for the study of dynamic systems remains a work in progress, but the increasing sophistication of TERS is making such studies more routine, and there are now growing efforts to use TERS to examine more complex processes. This Perspective aims to promote development in this area of research by highlighting recent progress in using TERS to understand reacting and dynamic systems, ranging from simple model reactions to complex processes with practical applications. We discuss the unique challenges and opportunities that TERS presents for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Sartin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hai-Sheng Su
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Bin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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