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Ladrova M, Martinek R, Nedoma J, Hanzlikova P, Nelson MD, Kahankova R, Brablik J, Kolarik J. Monitoring and Synchronization of Cardiac and Respiratory Traces in Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Review. IEEE Rev Biomed Eng 2021; 15:200-221. [PMID: 33513108 DOI: 10.1109/rbme.2021.3055550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Synchronization of human vital signs, namely the cardiac cycle and respiratory excursions, is necessary during magnetic resonance imaging of the cardiovascular system and the abdominal cavity to achieve optimal image quality with minimized artifacts. This review summarizes techniques currently available in clinical practice, as well as methods under development, outlines the benefits and disadvantages of each approach, and offers some unique solutions for consideration.
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Li YY, Zhang P, Rashid S, Cheng YJ, Li W, Schapiro W, Gliganic K, Yamashita AM, Grgas M, Haag E, Cao JJ. Real-time exercise stress cardiac MRI with Fourier-series reconstruction from golden-angle radial data. Magn Reson Imaging 2020; 75:89-99. [PMID: 33098934 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2020.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can measure cardiac response to exercise stress for evaluating and managing heart patients in the practice of clinical cardiology. However, exercise stress cardiac MRI have been clinically limited by the ability of available MRI techniques to quantitatively measure fast and unstable cardiac dynamics during exercise. The presented work is to develop a new real-time MRI technique for improved quantitative performance of exercise stress cardiac MRI. This technique seeks to represent real-time cardiac images as a sparse Fourier-series along the time. With golden-angle radial acquisition, parallel imaging and compressed sensing can be integrated into a linear system of equations for resolving Fourier coefficients that are in turn used to generate real-time cardiac images from the Fourier-series representation. Fourier-series reconstruction from golden-angle radial data can effectively address data insufficiency due to MRI speed limitation, providing a real-time approach to exercise stress cardiac MRI. To demonstrate the feasibility, an exercise stress cardiac MRI experiment was run to investigate biventricular response to in-scanner biking exercise in a cohort of sixteen healthy volunteers. It was found that Fourier-series reconstruction from golden-angle radial data effectively detected exercise-induced increase in stroke volume and ejection fraction in a healthy heart. The presented work will improve the applications of exercise stress cardiac MRI in the practice of clinical cardiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Y Li
- St. Francis Hospital, DeMatteis Center for Research and Education, Cardiac Imaging, 101 Northern Blvd, Greenvale, NY 11548, USA.
| | - Pengyue Zhang
- St. Francis Hospital, DeMatteis Center for Research and Education, Cardiac Imaging, 101 Northern Blvd, Greenvale, NY 11548, USA
| | - Shams Rashid
- St. Francis Hospital, DeMatteis Center for Research and Education, Cardiac Imaging, 101 Northern Blvd, Greenvale, NY 11548, USA.
| | - Yang J Cheng
- St. Francis Hospital, DeMatteis Center for Research and Education, Cardiac Imaging, 101 Northern Blvd, Greenvale, NY 11548, USA.
| | - Wenhui Li
- St. Francis Hospital, DeMatteis Center for Research and Education, Cardiac Imaging, 101 Northern Blvd, Greenvale, NY 11548, USA
| | - William Schapiro
- St. Francis Hospital, DeMatteis Center for Research and Education, Cardiac Imaging, 101 Northern Blvd, Greenvale, NY 11548, USA.
| | - Kathleen Gliganic
- St. Francis Hospital, DeMatteis Center for Research and Education, Cardiac Imaging, 101 Northern Blvd, Greenvale, NY 11548, USA.
| | - Ann-Marie Yamashita
- St. Francis Hospital, DeMatteis Center for Research and Education, Cardiac Imaging, 101 Northern Blvd, Greenvale, NY 11548, USA.
| | - Marie Grgas
- St. Francis Hospital, DeMatteis Center for Research and Education, Cardiac Imaging, 101 Northern Blvd, Greenvale, NY 11548, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Haag
- St. Francis Hospital, DeMatteis Center for Research and Education, Cardiac Imaging, 101 Northern Blvd, Greenvale, NY 11548, USA.
| | - J Jane Cao
- St. Francis Hospital, DeMatteis Center for Research and Education, Cardiac Imaging, 101 Northern Blvd, Greenvale, NY 11548, USA.
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Gharib AM, Hadigan C. Imaging to End Points: Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment in HIV. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2017; 10:CIRCIMAGING.117.007120. [PMID: 29021266 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.117.007120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Gharib
- From the Biomedical and Metabolic Imaging Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (A.M.G.) and Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (C.H.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Colleen Hadigan
- From the Biomedical and Metabolic Imaging Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (A.M.G.) and Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (C.H.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
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Li Y, Wang H, Tkach J, Roach D, Woods J, Dumoulin C. Wavelet-space correlation imaging for high-speed MRI without motion monitoring or data segmentation. Magn Reson Med 2015; 74:1574-86. [PMID: 25470230 PMCID: PMC4452472 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to (i) develop a new high-speed MRI approach by implementing correlation imaging in wavelet-space, and (ii) demonstrate the ability of wavelet-space correlation imaging to image human anatomy with involuntary or physiological motion. METHODS Correlation imaging is a high-speed MRI framework in which image reconstruction relies on quantification of data correlation. The presented work integrates correlation imaging with a wavelet transform technique developed originally in the field of signal and image processing. This provides a new high-speed MRI approach to motion-free data collection without motion monitoring or data segmentation. The new approach, called "wavelet-space correlation imaging", is investigated in brain imaging with involuntary motion and chest imaging with free-breathing. RESULTS Wavelet-space correlation imaging can exceed the speed limit of conventional parallel imaging methods. Using this approach with high acceleration factors (6 for brain MRI, 16 for cardiac MRI, and 8 for lung MRI), motion-free images can be generated in static brain MRI with involuntary motion and nonsegmented dynamic cardiac/lung MRI with free-breathing. CONCLUSION Wavelet-space correlation imaging enables high-speed MRI in the presence of involuntary motion or physiological dynamics without motion monitoring or data segmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Imaging Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Imaging Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jean Tkach
- Imaging Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - David Roach
- Imaging Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jason Woods
- Imaging Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Charles Dumoulin
- Imaging Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Improvement in B1+ Homogeneity and Average Flip Angle Using Dual-Source Parallel RF Excitation for Cardiac MRI in Swine Hearts. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139859. [PMID: 26436658 PMCID: PMC4593605 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac MRI may benefit from increased polarization at high magnetic field strength of 3 Tesla but is challenged by increased field inhomogeneity. Initial human studies have shown that the radiofrequency (RF) excitation field (B1+) used for signal excitation in the heart is both inhomogeneous and significantly lower than desired, potentially leading to image artifacts and biased quantitative measures. Recently, multi-channel transmit systems have been introduced allowing localized patient specific RF shimming based on acquired calibration B1+ maps. Some prior human studies have shown lower than desired mean flip angles in the hearts of large patients even after RF shimming. Here, 100 cardiac B1+ map pairs before and after RF shimming were acquired in 55 swine. The mean flip angle and the coefficient of variation (CV) of the flip angle in the heart were determined before and after RF shimming. Mean flip angle, CV, and RF shim values (power ratio and phase difference between the two transmit channels) were tested for correlation with cross sectional body area and the Right-Left/Anterior-Posterior ratio. RF shimming significantly increased the mean flip angle in swine heart from 74.4±6.7% (mean ± standard deviation) to 94.7±4.8% of the desired flip angle and significantly reduced CV from 0.11±0.03 to 0.07±0.02 (p<<1e-10 for both). These results compare well with several previous human studies, except that the mean flip angle in the human heart only improved to 89% with RF shimming, possibly because the RF shimming routine does not consider safety constraints in very large patients. Additionally, mean flip angle decreased and CV increased with larger cross sectional body area, however, the RF shimming parameters did not correlate with cross sectional body area. RF shim power ratio correlated weakly with Right-Left/Anterior-Posterior ratio but phase difference did not, further substantiating the need for subject specific cardiac RF shimming.
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Speiser U, Quick S, Haas D, Youssef A, Waessnig NK, Ibrahim K, Strasser RH, Schoen S. 3-T magnetic resonance for determination of aortic valve area: A comparison to echocardiography. SCAND CARDIOVASC J 2014; 48:176-83. [DOI: 10.3109/14017431.2014.906646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Fodi E, McAreavey D, Abd-Elmoniem KZ, Ohayon J, Saba M, Elagha A, Pettigrew RI, Gharib AM. Pulmonary vein morphology by free-breathing whole heart magnetic resonance imaging at 3 Tesla versus breathhold multi-detector computed tomography. J Magn Reson Imaging 2013; 37:846-52. [PMID: 23172711 PMCID: PMC3584192 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.23865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare pulmonary vein and left atrial anatomy using three-dimensional free-breathing whole-heart magnetic resonance imaging (MR) at 3 Tesla (T) and multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-three subjects (19 male, age 49 ± 12 years) underwent free-breathing 3T MR and contrast-enhanced MDCT during inspiratory breath hold. Pulmonary vein parameters (ostial areas, diameters, angles) were measured. RESULTS All pulmonary veins and anomalies were identified by 3T MR and by MDCT. The right-sided pulmonary veins were directed more posteriorly, the right superior pulmonary vein more inferiorly, and the right inferior pulmonary vein more superiorly by 3T MR when compared with MDCT. The cross-sectional area, perimeters and minimum diameters of right-sided pulmonary vein ostia were significantly larger by MR, as were the maximum diameters of right and left inferior pulmonary veins. There were no significant differences between techniques in distance to first pulmonary vein branch. CONCLUSION Pulmonary vein measurements demonstrated significant differences in angulations and dimensions when 3T MR is compared with MDCT. These differences likely represent hemodynamic and respiratory variation during free-breathing with MR versus breath-holding with MDCT. MR imaging at 3T during free-breathing offers an alternate method to define pulmonary vein and left atrial anatomy without exposure to radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Fodi
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Akçakaya M, Shaw JL, Hauser TH, Nezafat R. Utility of respiratory-navigator-rejected k-space lines for improved signal-to-noise ratio in three-dimensional cardiac MR. Magn Reson Med 2012; 70:1332-9. [PMID: 23233381 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 10/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop and evaluate a technique that uses the k-space lines rejected by prospective respiratory navigator (NAV) to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) without increasing the scan time. METHODS In conventional image reconstruction, the motion-corrupted k-space lines rejected by the NAV are not used. In this study, a set of translational motion parameters for the NAV-rejected lines and a phase-corrected average for the k-space line are estimated jointly using a maximum-likelihood approach and the information from the corresponding accepted k-space lines. Left coronary artery images were acquired in 10 healthy adult subjects, and the proposed approach incorporating the NAV-rejected lines was compared with the conventional dataset with NAV-accepted lines only, as well as a simple average of all k-space lines, in terms of SNR, normalized vessel sharpness and qualitative image scores on a four-point scale (1 = poor, 4 = excellent). Late gadolinium enhancement images of the left atrium were also acquired in 21 patients with atrial fibrillation pre- or post-pulmonary vein isolation. Images reconstructed with the proposed, conventional, and simple averaging methods were compared in terms of SNR, and subjective image quality on a four-point scale. RESULTS For coronary MRI, there was a significant improvement in SNR with the proposed technique, but no significant difference in normalized vessel sharpness or qualitative image scores were observed with respect to the conventional method. Simple averaging resulted in an SNR gain, but significant loss in vessel sharpness and image quality. For late gadolinium enhancement, there was a significant increase in SNR, but no significant differences were observed in subjective image quality scores between the proposed and conventional methods. There was an SNR gain, but image quality loss for simple averaging, when compared with the conventional technique. In both coronary MRI and late gadolinium enhancement, the SNR gain of the proposed method was not significantly different than the maximum theoretical SNR gain. CONCLUSION The proposed technique improves SNR using the additional information from NAV-rejected k-space lines, while providing similar image quality to standard reconstruction using motion-free k-space data only, with no increase in scan time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Akçakaya
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Oshinski JN, Delfino JG, Sharma P, Gharib AM, Pettigrew RI. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance at 3.0 T: current state of the art. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2010; 12:55. [PMID: 20929538 PMCID: PMC2964699 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-12-55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There are advantages to conducting cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) studies at a field strength of 3.0 Telsa, including the increase in bulk magnetization, the increase in frequency separation of off-resonance spins, and the increase in T1 of many tissues. However, there are significant challenges to routinely performing CMR at 3.0 T, including the reduction in main magnetic field homogeneity, the increase in RF power deposition, and the increase in susceptibility-based artifacts.In this review, we outline the underlying physical effects that occur when imaging at higher fields, examine the practical results these effects have on the CMR applications, and examine methods used to compensate for these effects. Specifically, we will review cine imaging, MR coronary angiography, myocardial perfusion imaging, late gadolinium enhancement, and vascular wall imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- John N Oshinski
- Department of Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1364 Clifton Road, Room AG34, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and the Georgia Institute of Technology, 101 Woodruff Circle Woodruff Memorial Building, Suite 2001, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Jana G Delfino
- Department of Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1364 Clifton Road, Room AG34, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Puneet Sharma
- Department of Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1364 Clifton Road, Room AG34, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ahmed M Gharib
- Laboratory of Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Clinical Research Center, Bldg. 10, Rm. 3-5340, MSC 1263, 10 Center Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Roderic I Pettigrew
- Laboratory of Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Clinical Research Center, Bldg. 10, Rm. 3-5340, MSC 1263, 10 Center Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Versluis MJ, Tsekos N, Smith NB, Webb AG. Simple RF design for human functional and morphological cardiac imaging at 7tesla. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2009; 200:161-6. [PMID: 19595618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2009.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2009] [Revised: 05/22/2009] [Accepted: 06/17/2009] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Morphological and functional cardiac MRI can potentially benefit greatly from the recent advent of commercial high-field (7tesla and above) MRI systems. However, conventional hardware configurations at lower field using a body-coil for homogeneous transmission are not available at these field strengths. Sophisticated multiple-transmit-channel systems have been shown to be able to image the human heart at 7tesla but such systems are currently not widely available. In this paper, we empirically optimize the design of a simple quadrature coil for cardiac imaging at 7tesla. The size, geometry, and position have been chosen to produce a B(1) field with no tissue-induced signal voids within the heart. Standard navigator echoes for gating were adapted for operation at the heart/lung interface, directly along the head-foot direction. Using this setup, conventional and high-resolution cine functional imaging have been successfully performed, as has morphological imaging of the right coronary artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Versluis
- C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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[Update on cardiac imaging techniques: echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance, and multidetector computed tomography]. Rev Esp Cardiol 2009; 62 Suppl 1:129-50. [PMID: 19174056 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-8932(09)70047-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This article contains a review of the most important publications on cardiac imaging that have appeared during 2008. During the year, we assisted with the clinical implementation of three-dimensional real-time transesophageal echocardiography, with the use of echocardiography for selecting patients for and monitoring those who underwent percutaneous aortic valve replacement (the majority of centers performing the technique were still in the learning phase), and with the emergence in the clinic of techniques for studying myocardial deformation. Also reviewed are the most significant developments in the application of echocardiography to coronary heart disease and cardiac resynchronization therapy and in 2 other techniques whose use is constantly increasing: cardiac magnetic resonance and multidetector cardiac computed tomography. The review ends with a description of the current state of the art in contrast echocardiography, with particular emphasis on safety in the context of recommendations made by the US Food and Drug Administration at the end of 2007.
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