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Tsaur I, van den Bergh RCN, Soeterik T, Thomas A, Brandt MP, Zattoni F, Dal Moro F, Morlacco A, Collavino J, Ploussard G, Surcel C, Mirvald C, Carmona O, Rosenzweig B, Ruckes C, Heisinger T, Heidegger I, Gandaglia G, Dotzauer R. Predictors of Unfavorable Pathology in Patients with Incidental (pT1a-T1b) Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol Focus 2022; 8:1599-1606. [PMID: 35317972 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incidental prostate cancer (IPCa) is encountered in 10% of surgical procedures for benign prostatic obstruction (BPO). Identification of patients with underlying detrimental prostate cancer is paramount for tailored treatment decision-making, but guideline recommendations for this setting are lacking. OBJECTIVE To highlight clinical and histological characteristics related to BPO surgery that may predict IPCa with unfavorable pathology. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We included men with IPCa who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) in the short term after IPCa diagnosis. Two cohorts were built according to final pathology for the RP specimen: unfavorable pathology (International Society of Urological Pathology [ISUP] grade group [GG] ≥3 and/or ≥pT3a and/or pN1) versus favorable pathology. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS We performed multivariate regression analysis for the endpoint, which was unfavorable pathology for the RP specimen. Using the model estimates for prostate-specific antigen (PSA), ISUP GG, age, and prostate volume, we established a model for estimating the risk of unfavorable histopathology. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Overall, 112 patients were included in the final assessment. On multivariate analysis, PSA (odds ratio [OR] 1.083, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.003-1.170; p = 0.042), ISUP GG for the specimen from BPO surgery (OR 3.090; 95% CI 1.129-8.457; p = 0.028), and age (OR 1.121, 95% CI 1.026-1.225; p = 0.012) were independent predictors for unfavorable histopathology. On receiver operating characteristic analysis, the area under the curve was 0.751. A novel calculator was developed to predict adverse pathology for men with IPCa. The study is limited by its retrospective design. CONCLUSIONS For men with IPCa, PSA before surgery for BPO, ISUP GG, and age are independent predictors of unfavorable disease. Our results might improve preoperative risk assessment for patient counseling. PATIENT SUMMARY We developed a novel calculator to estimate the risk of underlying detrimental disease in men diagnosed with prostate cancer at surgery for benign prostatic obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Tsaur
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medicine Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | | | - Timo Soeterik
- Department of Urology, St Antonius Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anita Thomas
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medicine Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Maximilian P Brandt
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medicine Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Fabio Zattoni
- Department Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Urologic Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Dal Moro
- Department Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Urologic Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandro Morlacco
- Department Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Urologic Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Jeanlou Collavino
- Department Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Urologic Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Guillaume Ploussard
- Department of Urology, La Croix du Sud Hospital, Toulouse, France; Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Christian Surcel
- Center of Urologic Surgery, Dialysis and Renal Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Christian Mirvald
- Center of Urologic Surgery, Dialysis and Renal Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Orel Carmona
- Department of Urology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Barak Rosenzweig
- Department of Urology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Christian Ruckes
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Trials, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tatjana Heisinger
- Department of Urology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Isabel Heidegger
- Department of Urology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Giorgio Gandaglia
- Division of Oncology/Unit of Urology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Robert Dotzauer
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medicine Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Bardis M, Houshyar R, Chantaduly C, Tran-Harding K, Ushinsky A, Chahine C, Rupasinghe M, Chow D, Chang P. Segmentation of the Prostate Transition Zone and Peripheral Zone on MR Images with Deep Learning. Radiol Imaging Cancer 2021; 3:e200024. [PMID: 33929265 DOI: 10.1148/rycan.2021200024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To develop a deep learning model to delineate the transition zone (TZ) and peripheral zone (PZ) of the prostate on MR images. Materials and Methods This retrospective study was composed of patients who underwent a multiparametric prostate MRI and an MRI/transrectal US fusion biopsy between January 2013 and May 2016. A board-certified abdominal radiologist manually segmented the prostate, TZ, and PZ on the entire data set. Included accessions were split into 60% training, 20% validation, and 20% test data sets for model development. Three convolutional neural networks with a U-Net architecture were trained for automatic recognition of the prostate organ, TZ, and PZ. Model performance for segmentation was assessed using Dice scores and Pearson correlation coefficients. Results A total of 242 patients were included (242 MR images; 6292 total images). Models for prostate organ segmentation, TZ segmentation, and PZ segmentation were trained and validated. Using the test data set, for prostate organ segmentation, the mean Dice score was 0.940 (interquartile range, 0.930-0.961), and the Pearson correlation coefficient for volume was 0.981 (95% CI: 0.966, 0.989). For TZ segmentation, the mean Dice score was 0.910 (interquartile range, 0.894-0.938), and the Pearson correlation coefficient for volume was 0.992 (95% CI: 0.985, 0.995). For PZ segmentation, the mean Dice score was 0.774 (interquartile range, 0.727-0.832), and the Pearson correlation coefficient for volume was 0.927 (95% CI: 0.870, 0.957). Conclusion Deep learning with an architecture composed of three U-Nets can accurately segment the prostate, TZ, and PZ. Keywords: MRI, Genital/Reproductive, Prostate, Neural Networks Supplemental material is available for this article. © RSNA, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Bardis
- From the Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, 101 The City Drive South, Building 55, Suite 201, Orange, CA 92868 (M.B., R.H., K.T.H., C. Chahine, M.R.); Center for Artificial Intelligence in Diagnostic Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, Calif (C. Chantaduly, D.C., P.C.); and Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (A.U.)
| | - Roozbeh Houshyar
- From the Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, 101 The City Drive South, Building 55, Suite 201, Orange, CA 92868 (M.B., R.H., K.T.H., C. Chahine, M.R.); Center for Artificial Intelligence in Diagnostic Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, Calif (C. Chantaduly, D.C., P.C.); and Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (A.U.)
| | - Chanon Chantaduly
- From the Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, 101 The City Drive South, Building 55, Suite 201, Orange, CA 92868 (M.B., R.H., K.T.H., C. Chahine, M.R.); Center for Artificial Intelligence in Diagnostic Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, Calif (C. Chantaduly, D.C., P.C.); and Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (A.U.)
| | - Karen Tran-Harding
- From the Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, 101 The City Drive South, Building 55, Suite 201, Orange, CA 92868 (M.B., R.H., K.T.H., C. Chahine, M.R.); Center for Artificial Intelligence in Diagnostic Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, Calif (C. Chantaduly, D.C., P.C.); and Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (A.U.)
| | - Alexander Ushinsky
- From the Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, 101 The City Drive South, Building 55, Suite 201, Orange, CA 92868 (M.B., R.H., K.T.H., C. Chahine, M.R.); Center for Artificial Intelligence in Diagnostic Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, Calif (C. Chantaduly, D.C., P.C.); and Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (A.U.)
| | - Chantal Chahine
- From the Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, 101 The City Drive South, Building 55, Suite 201, Orange, CA 92868 (M.B., R.H., K.T.H., C. Chahine, M.R.); Center for Artificial Intelligence in Diagnostic Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, Calif (C. Chantaduly, D.C., P.C.); and Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (A.U.)
| | - Mark Rupasinghe
- From the Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, 101 The City Drive South, Building 55, Suite 201, Orange, CA 92868 (M.B., R.H., K.T.H., C. Chahine, M.R.); Center for Artificial Intelligence in Diagnostic Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, Calif (C. Chantaduly, D.C., P.C.); and Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (A.U.)
| | - Daniel Chow
- From the Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, 101 The City Drive South, Building 55, Suite 201, Orange, CA 92868 (M.B., R.H., K.T.H., C. Chahine, M.R.); Center for Artificial Intelligence in Diagnostic Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, Calif (C. Chantaduly, D.C., P.C.); and Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (A.U.)
| | - Peter Chang
- From the Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, 101 The City Drive South, Building 55, Suite 201, Orange, CA 92868 (M.B., R.H., K.T.H., C. Chahine, M.R.); Center for Artificial Intelligence in Diagnostic Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, Calif (C. Chantaduly, D.C., P.C.); and Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (A.U.)
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Prostate minimally invasive procedures: complications and normal vs. abnormal findings on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI). ABDOMINAL RADIOLOGY (NEW YORK) 2021; 46:4388-4400. [PMID: 33977352 PMCID: PMC8346422 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-021-03097-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Minimally invasive alternatives to traditional prostate surgery are increasingly utilized to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia and localized prostate cancer in select patients. Advantages of these treatments over prostatectomy include lower risk of complication, shorter length of hospital stay, and a more favorable safety profile. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) has become a widely accepted imaging modality for evaluation of the prostate gland and provides both anatomical and functional information. As prostate mpMRI and minimally invasive prostate procedure volumes increase, it is important for radiologists to be familiar with normal post-procedure imaging findings and potential complications. This paper reviews the indications, procedural concepts, common post-procedure imaging findings, and potential complications of prostatic artery embolization, prostatic urethral lift, irreversible electroporation, photodynamic therapy, high-intensity focused ultrasound, focal cryotherapy, and focal laser ablation.
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Ahmed HM, Ebeed AE, Hamdy A, El-Ghar MA, Razek AAKA. Interobserver agreement of Prostate Imaging–Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS–v2). THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43055-020-00378-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
A retrospective study was conducted on 71 consecutive patients with suspected prostate cancer (PCa) with a mean age of 56 years and underwent mp-MRI of the prostate at 3 Tesla MRI. Two readers recognized all prostatic lesions, and each lesion had a score according to Prostate Imaging–Reporting and Data System version 2 (PI-RADS-v2).
Purpose of the study
To evaluate the interobserver agreement of PI-RADS-v2 in characterization of prostatic lesions using multiparametric MRI (mp-MRI) at 3 Tesla MRI.
Results
The overall interobserver agreement of PI-RADS-v2 for both zones was excellent (k = 0.81, percent agreement = 94.9%). In the peripheral zone (PZ) lesions are the interobserver agreement for PI-RADS II (k = 0.78, percent agreement = 83.9%), PI-RADS III (k = 0.66, percent agreement = 91.3 %), PI-RADS IV (k = 0.69, percent agreement = 93.5%), and PI-RADS V (k = 0.91, percent agreement = 95.7 %). In the transitional zone (TZ) lesions are the interobserver agreement for PI-RADS I (k = 0.98, percent of agreement = 96%), PI-RADS II (k = 0.65, percent agreement = 96%), PI-RADS III (k = 0.65, percent agreement = 88%), PI-RADS IV (k = 0.83, percent agreement = 96%), and PI-RADS V (k = 0.82, percent agreement = 92%).
Conclusion
We concluded that PI-RADS-v2 is a reliable and a reproducible imaging modality for the characterization of prostatic lesions and detection of PCa.
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Mazzone E, Stabile A, Pellegrino F, Basile G, Cignoli D, Cirulli GO, Sorce G, Barletta F, Scuderi S, Bravi CA, Cucchiara V, Fossati N, Gandaglia G, Montorsi F, Briganti A. Positive Predictive Value of Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System Version 2 for the Detection of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Eur Urol Oncol 2020; 4:697-713. [PMID: 33358543 DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The variability of the positive predictive value (PPV) represents a significant factor affecting the diagnostic performance of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI). OBJECTIVE To analyze published studies reporting mpMRI PPV and the reasons behind the variability of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) detection rates on targeted biopsies (TBx) according to Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) version 2 categories. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A search of PubMed, Cochrane library's Central, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Scopus databases, from January 2015 to June 2020, was conducted. The primary and secondary outcomes were to evaluate the PPV of PI-RADS version 2 in detecting csPCa and any prostate cancer (PCa), respectively. Individual authors' definitions for csPCa and PI-RADS thresholds for positive mpMRI were accepted. Detection rates, used as a surrogate of PPV, were pooled using random-effect models. Preplanned subgroup analyses tested PPV after stratification for PI-RADS scores, previous biopsy status, TBx technique, and number of sampled cores. PPV variation over cancer prevalence was evaluated. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Fifty-six studies, with a total of 16 537 participants, were included in the quantitative synthesis. The PPV of suspicious mpMRI for csPCa was 40% (95% confidence interval 36-43%), with large heterogeneity between studies (I2 94%, p < 0.01). PPV increased according to PCa prevalence. In subgroup analyses, PPVs for csPCa were 13%, 40%, and 69% for, respectively, PI-RADS 3, 4, and 5 (p < 0.001). TBx missed 6%, 6%, and 5% of csPCa in PI-RADS 3, 4, and 5 lesions, respectively. In biopsy-naïve and prior negative biopsy groups, PPVs for csPCa were 42% and 32%, respectively (p = 0.005). Study design, TBx technique, and number of sampled cores did not affect PPV. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis underlines that the PPV of mpMRI is strongly dependent on the disease prevalence, and that the main factors affecting PPV are PI-RADS version 2 scores and prior biopsy status. A substantially low PPV for PI-RADS 3 lesions was reported, while it was still suboptimal in PI-RADS 4 and 5 lesions. Lastly, even if the added value of a systematic biopsy for csPCa is relatively low, this rate can improve patient risk assessment and staging. PATIENT SUMMARY Targeted biopsy of Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System 3 lesions should be considered carefully in light of additional individual risk assessment corroborating the presence of clinically significant prostate cancer. On the contrary, the positive predictive value of highly suspicious lesions is not high enough to omit systematic prostate sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elio Mazzone
- Division of Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
| | - Armando Stabile
- Division of Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Pellegrino
- Division of Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Basile
- Division of Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Cignoli
- Division of Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ottone Cirulli
- Division of Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sorce
- Division of Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Barletta
- Division of Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Scuderi
- Division of Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Andrea Bravi
- Division of Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Vito Cucchiara
- Division of Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Fossati
- Division of Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gandaglia
- Division of Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Montorsi
- Division of Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Briganti
- Division of Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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A 3D-2D Hybrid U-Net Convolutional Neural Network Approach to Prostate Organ Segmentation of Multiparametric MRI. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2020; 216:111-116. [PMID: 32812797 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.19.22168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men in the United States with more than 200,000 new cases in 2018. Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) is increasingly used for prostate cancer evaluation. Prostate organ segmentation is an essential step of surgical planning for prostate fusion biopsies. Deep learning convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are the predominant method of machine learning for medical image recognition. In this study, we describe a deep learning approach, a subset of artificial intelligence, for automatic localization and segmentation of prostates from mpMRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study included patients who underwent prostate MRI and ultrasound-MRI fusion transrectal biopsy between September 2014 and December 2016. Axial T2-weighted images were manually segmented by two abdominal radiologists, which served as ground truth. These manually segmented images were used for training on a customized hybrid 3D-2D U-Net CNN architecture in a fivefold cross-validation paradigm for neural network training and validation. The Dice score, a measure of overlap between manually segmented and automatically derived segmentations, and Pearson linear correlation coefficient of prostate volume were used for statistical evaluation. RESULTS The CNN was trained on 299 MRI examinations (total number of MR images = 7774) of 287 patients. The customized hybrid 3D-2D U-Net had a mean Dice score of 0.898 (range, 0.890-0.908) and a Pearson correlation coefficient for prostate volume of 0.974. CONCLUSION A deep learning CNN can automatically segment the prostate organ from clinical MR images. Further studies should examine developing pattern recognition for lesion localization and quantification.
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Bardis MD, Houshyar R, Chang PD, Ushinsky A, Glavis-Bloom J, Chahine C, Bui TL, Rupasinghe M, Filippi CG, Chow DS. Applications of Artificial Intelligence to Prostate Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI): Current and Emerging Trends. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1204. [PMID: 32403240 PMCID: PMC7281682 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate carcinoma is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) is a non-invasive tool that can improve prostate lesion detection, classification, and volume quantification. Machine learning (ML), a branch of artificial intelligence, can rapidly and accurately analyze mpMRI images. ML could provide better standardization and consistency in identifying prostate lesions and enhance prostate carcinoma management. This review summarizes ML applications to prostate mpMRI and focuses on prostate organ segmentation, lesion detection and segmentation, and lesion characterization. A literature search was conducted to find studies that have applied ML methods to prostate mpMRI. To date, prostate organ segmentation and volume approximation have been well executed using various ML techniques. Prostate lesion detection and segmentation are much more challenging tasks for ML and were attempted in several studies. They largely remain unsolved problems due to data scarcity and the limitations of current ML algorithms. By contrast, prostate lesion characterization has been successfully completed in several studies because of better data availability. Overall, ML is well situated to become a tool that enhances radiologists' accuracy and speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle D. Bardis
- Department of Radiology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA 92868-3201, USA; (R.H.); (P.D.C.); (J.G.-B.); (C.C.); (T.-L.B.); (M.R.); (D.S.C.)
| | - Roozbeh Houshyar
- Department of Radiology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA 92868-3201, USA; (R.H.); (P.D.C.); (J.G.-B.); (C.C.); (T.-L.B.); (M.R.); (D.S.C.)
| | - Peter D. Chang
- Department of Radiology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA 92868-3201, USA; (R.H.); (P.D.C.); (J.G.-B.); (C.C.); (T.-L.B.); (M.R.); (D.S.C.)
| | - Alexander Ushinsky
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| | - Justin Glavis-Bloom
- Department of Radiology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA 92868-3201, USA; (R.H.); (P.D.C.); (J.G.-B.); (C.C.); (T.-L.B.); (M.R.); (D.S.C.)
| | - Chantal Chahine
- Department of Radiology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA 92868-3201, USA; (R.H.); (P.D.C.); (J.G.-B.); (C.C.); (T.-L.B.); (M.R.); (D.S.C.)
| | - Thanh-Lan Bui
- Department of Radiology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA 92868-3201, USA; (R.H.); (P.D.C.); (J.G.-B.); (C.C.); (T.-L.B.); (M.R.); (D.S.C.)
| | - Mark Rupasinghe
- Department of Radiology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA 92868-3201, USA; (R.H.); (P.D.C.); (J.G.-B.); (C.C.); (T.-L.B.); (M.R.); (D.S.C.)
| | | | - Daniel S. Chow
- Department of Radiology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA 92868-3201, USA; (R.H.); (P.D.C.); (J.G.-B.); (C.C.); (T.-L.B.); (M.R.); (D.S.C.)
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