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Bhavnani D, Lilley T, Rathouz PJ, Beaudenon-Huibregtse S, Davis MF, McCormack MC, Keet CA, Balcer-Whaley S, Newman M, Matsui EC. Indoor allergen exposure and its association to upper respiratory infections and pulmonary outcomes among children with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024:S0091-6749(24)00827-3. [PMID: 39168187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Certain environmental allergen exposures are more common in disadvantaged communities and may contribute to differences in susceptibility to upper respiratory infections (URIs). OBJECTIVES We examined associations between indoor allergens and: (1) URI; (2) URI + cold symptoms; (3) URI + cold symptoms + pulmonary eosinophilic inflammation (fraction of exhaled nitric oxide ≥20 ppb); and (4) URI + cold symptoms + reduced lung function (percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second of <80%). METHODS We used data from the Environmental Control as Add-on Therapy for Childhood Asthma (ECATCh) study. Allergen concentrations were measured in air (mouse) and settled dust (mouse, cockroach, dog, and cat). URI was determined by testing nasal mucus for upper respiratory viruses. We evaluated associations between allergen concentrations and URI-associated outcomes accounting for age, sex, study month, season, health insurance, and household size. RESULTS Ninety participants (92% Black, 92% public insurance) with 192 observations were included; 52 (27%) of observations were positive for URI. A doubling in cockroach allergen concentration increased the odds of a URI with cold symptoms by 18% (odds ratio [OR] = 1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.99-1.40), the odds of a URI + cold symptoms + pulmonary eosinophilic inflammation by 31% (OR = 1.31, 95% CI, 1.10-1.57), and the odds of a URI + cold symptoms + reduced lung function by 45% (OR = 1.45, 95% CI, 1.13-1.85). Mouse allergen concentrations were positively associated with all outcomes. Associations were suggestively stronger among children sensitized to pest allergens. CONCLUSIONS Cockroach and mouse, but not dog or cat, allergen exposure may predispose children with asthma to URIs with colds and lower respiratory outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darlene Bhavnani
- Department of Population Health, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Tex.
| | - Travis Lilley
- Department of Statistics and Data Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Tex
| | - Paul J Rathouz
- Department of Population Health, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Tex
| | | | - Meghan F Davis
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md; Department of Environmental Health & Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md
| | - Meredith C McCormack
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Corinne A Keet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Susan Balcer-Whaley
- Department of Population Health, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Tex
| | - Michelle Newman
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Md
| | - Elizabeth C Matsui
- Department of Population Health, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Tex
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2
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Zhang Y, Mei Y, Yu W, Guo M, Li B, Zhou H, Wang C, Du C. Association of indoor dampness indicators with rheumatic diseases/symptoms in older adults: A comparative cross-sectional study in Chongqing and Beijing. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:11633-11646. [PMID: 38221562 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-31971-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Dampness is strongly associated with rheumatic diseases, which particularly affect the older adults. Tackling dampness is therefore important, especially given that climate change is expected to exacerbate rheumatic diseases; however, limited studies have compared the risk of rheumatic diseases in older adults based on humidity levels across different regions. To explore this, a comparative cross-sectional study was conducted to collect information on the residential characteristics, lifestyles, and health outcomes of 2000 individuals aged 60-74 years from Chongqing and Beijing. From this data, we tested for an association between six indoor dampness indicators and rheumatic related diseases/symptoms. The results showed that the risk values for joint pain were higher in Chongqing than in Beijing. Moreover, the risk of joint stiffness increased more strongly in Chongqing than in Beijing as the cumulative number of dampness exposure indicators increased. The key indoor dampness indicators affecting rheumatic diseases were different for Chongqing and Beijing. Overall, this study compared the risk of rheumatic diseases in older adults in the north and south of China because of dampness exposure and, from these, provided suggestions for modifying the indoor environments to prevent or reduce rheumatic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
- National Centre for International Research of Low-Carbon and Green Buildings, Ministry of Science and Technology), Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Yong Mei
- Institute of Defense Engineering, AMS, Beijing, 100036, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
- National Centre for International Research of Low-Carbon and Green Buildings, Ministry of Science and Technology), Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
| | - Miao Guo
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
- National Centre for International Research of Low-Carbon and Green Buildings, Ministry of Science and Technology), Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Baizhan Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
- National Centre for International Research of Low-Carbon and Green Buildings, Ministry of Science and Technology), Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Haixia Zhou
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
- National Centre for International Research of Low-Carbon and Green Buildings, Ministry of Science and Technology), Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Chenyang Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
- National Centre for International Research of Low-Carbon and Green Buildings, Ministry of Science and Technology), Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Chenqiu Du
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
- National Centre for International Research of Low-Carbon and Green Buildings, Ministry of Science and Technology), Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
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3
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Pan Y, Ikoma K, Matsui R, Nakayama A, Takemura N, Saitoh T. Dasatinib suppresses particulate-induced pyroptosis and acute lung inflammation. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1250383. [PMID: 37705538 PMCID: PMC10495768 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1250383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Humans are constantly exposed to various industrial, environmental, and endogenous particulates that result in inflammatory diseases. After being engulfed by immune cells, viz. Macrophages, such particulates lead to phagolysosomal dysfunction, eventually inducing pyroptosis, a form of cell death accompanied by the release of inflammatory mediators, including members of the interleukin (IL)-1 family. Phagolysosomal dysfunction results in the activation of the nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, an immune complex that induces pyroptosis upon exposure to various external stimuli. However, several particulates induce pyroptosis even if the NLRP3 inflammasome is inhibited; this indicates that such inhibition is not always effective in treating diseases induced by particulates. Therefore, discovery of drugs suppressing particulate-induced NLRP3-independent pyroptosis is warranted. Methods: We screened compounds that inhibit silica particle (SP)-induced cell death and release of IL-1α using RAW264.7 cells, which are incapable of NLRP3 inflammasome formation. The candidates were tested for their ability to suppress particulate-induced pyroptosis and phagolysosomal dysfunction using mouse primary macrophages and alleviate SP-induced NLRP3-independent lung inflammation. Results: Several Src family kinase inhibitors, including dasatinib, effectively suppressed SP-induced cell death and IL-1α release. Furthermore, dasatinib suppressed pyroptosis induced by other particulates but did not suppress that induced by non-particulates, such as adenosine triphosphate. Dasatinib reduced SP-induced phagolysosomal dysfunction without affecting phagocytosis of SPs. Moreover, dasatinib treatment strongly suppressed the increase in IL-1α levels and neutrophil counts in the lungs after intratracheal SP administration. Conclusion: Dasatinib suppresses particulate-induced pyroptosis and can be used to treat relevant inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixi Pan
- Laboratory of Bioresponse Regulation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenta Ikoma
- Laboratory of Bioresponse Regulation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Risa Matsui
- Laboratory of Bioresponse Regulation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Nakayama
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Naoki Takemura
- Laboratory of Bioresponse Regulation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Saitoh
- Laboratory of Bioresponse Regulation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Diseases for Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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4
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Shimoda M, Morimoto K, Hosoya M, Osugi A, Mitarai S, Tanaka Y, Fujiwara K, Yoshimori K, Ohta K. Causative antigens of humidifier lung in vapor from a humidifier: A case report. Respir Med Case Rep 2023; 43:101851. [PMID: 37124058 PMCID: PMC10139932 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2023.101851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A 68-year-old man exhibited fever and cough three weeks prior to hospital admission after three months of ultrasonic humidifier usage. Chest computed tomography showed bilateral ground-glass opacities, lymphocyte levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were elevated (60.8%), and the histological examination of a transbronchial lung biopsy showed lymphocytic alveolitis. He gradually improved without medication after he stopped using the humidifier. Accordingly, humidifier lung was the diagnosis. Humidifier water and vapor collected from the patient's humidifier were investigated. Humidifier vapor was obtained by collecting the condensed moisture. Laboratory examinations exhibited gram-negative rods and a high concentration of endotoxin and (1 → 3)-β-D-glucan in both vapor and water. The serum-precipitating antibodies showed a stronger reaction against humidifier vapor than against humidifier water. 16S rRNA metagenomic analysis revealed a high percentage of sequences of Spirosoma lacussanchae and Sphingomonas spp. in both the humidifier vapor and water. The percentages of sequence reads were lower in humidifier vapor than in water; conversely, sequences of Pseudomonas spp. and Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium were more concentrated in the humidifier vapor than in humidifier water. Although the reason for the different bacterial ratios between humidifier vapor and water is uncertain, the bacteria that were more concentrated in humidifier vapor than in humidifier water might have been the causative antigen underlying the humidifier lung diagnosis. This is the first report to indicate the presence of causative antigens in humidifier vapor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Shimoda
- Respiratory Disease Center, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Kiyose City, Tokyo, Japan
- Corresponding author. Respiratory Disease Center, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, 3-1-24 Mastuyama, Kiyose City, Tokyo, 204-8522, Japan.
| | - Kozo Morimoto
- Respiratory Disease Center, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Kiyose City, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Clinical Research, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Kiyose City, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Mycobacteriosis, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Makiko Hosoya
- Department of Mycobacterium Reference and Research, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Kiyose City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asami Osugi
- Department of Mycobacterium Reference and Research, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Kiyose City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Mitarai
- Department of Mycobacterium Reference and Research, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Kiyose City, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Basic Mycobacteriosis, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tanaka
- Respiratory Disease Center, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Kiyose City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiji Fujiwara
- Respiratory Disease Center, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Kiyose City, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Mycobacterium Reference and Research, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Kiyose City, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Basic Mycobacteriosis, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kozo Yoshimori
- Respiratory Disease Center, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Kiyose City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Ohta
- Respiratory Disease Center, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Kiyose City, Tokyo, Japan
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Nasal Administration of Lipopolysaccharide Exacerbates Allergic Rhinitis through Th2 Cytokine Production from Mast Cells. ALLERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/allergies1040020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Microbial infection or exposure to endotoxin later in life exacerbates established asthma. Mast cells are involved in the exacerbation of asthma. This exacerbation involves a toll-like receptor (TLR)–mediated response of mast cells. In the clinical practice of otolaryngology, otolaryngologists experience an exacerbation of nasal congestion when infectious rhinitis develops in patients with allergic rhinitis, but the mechanisms are unknown. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on allergic rhinitis using a mouse allergic rhinitis model. Methods: Female BALB/c mice, TLR4 gene mutant C3H/HeJ mice or mast cell–deficient WBB6F1-W/Wv mice were sensitized intraperitoneally with ovalbumin (OVA)/alum, and were intranasal challenged with OVA and/or LPS. Nasal symptoms and histologic changes were examined. Cytokines in nasal tissue were examined by Western blot. The effects of LPS on degranulation and cytokine production of bone marrow–derived mast cells (BMMCs) were investigated. Results: Nasal administration of LPS together with the antigen exacerbated nasal symptoms, eosinophil infiltration of the nasal mucosa, and increased IL-5 production in the nasal mucosa. It was not observed in C3H/HeJ mice and WBB6F1-W/Wv mice. The addition of LPS increased the production of IL-5 from BMMCs in a dose-dependent manner, but no effect on degranulation was observed. Conclusions: Intranasal administration of LPS exacerbates allergic rhinitis through Th2 cytokine production from mast cells. This observation provides clues to the mechanism of exacerbation of allergic rhinitis caused by an infection in daily clinical practice.
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6
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Awasthi S, Kumar G, Ramani V, Awasthi V, Rodgers KK, Xie J, Beierle J, Kyere-Davies G, Singh B, Rahman N, Chowdhury AA, Chataut N. Mechanism of Anti-Inflammatory Activity of TLR4-Interacting SPA4 Peptide. Immunohorizons 2021; 5:659-674. [PMID: 34429343 PMCID: PMC8673433 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2100067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The TLR4-interacting SPA4 peptide suppresses inflammation. We assessed the structural and physicochemical properties and binding of SPA4 peptide to TLR4-MD2. We also studied the changes at the whole transcriptome level, cell morphology, viability, secreted cytokines and chemokines, and cell influx in cell systems and mouse models challenged with LPS and treated with SPA4 peptide. Our results demonstrated that the SPA4 peptide did not alter the cell viability and size and only moderately affected the transcriptome of the cells. Computational docking and rendering suggested that the SPA4 peptide intercalates with LPS-induced TLR4-MD2 complex. Results with alanine mutations of D-2 amino acid and NYTXXXRG-12-19 motif of SPA4 peptide suggested their role in binding to TLR4 and in reducing the cytokine response against LPS stimulus. Furthermore, therapeutically administered SPA4 peptide significantly suppressed the secreted levels of cytokines and chemokines in cells and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of LPS-challenged mice. The results suggest that the SPA4 peptide intercalates with LPS-induced TLR4 complex and signaling for the suppression of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanjana Awasthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK;
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Vijay Ramani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Vibhudutta Awasthi
- Research Imaging Facility, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK; and
| | - Karla K Rodgers
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Jacob Beierle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Gertrude Kyere-Davies
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Bhupinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Negar Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Asif Alam Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Neha Chataut
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
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7
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Vijayakumar R, Abdulaziz Alfaiz F, Al-Malki ES, Sandle T. Assessment of airborne endotoxin in sandstorm dust and indoor environments using a novel passive sampling device in Al Zulfi city, Saudi Arabia - Establishing threshold exposure levels. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:1257-1266. [PMID: 33613055 PMCID: PMC7878821 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of sandstorm dust events affects local air quality and public health. These issues are becoming of greater concern in Saudi Arabia. There is a significant lack of research on airborne endotoxin exposure and analysis in the Middle East countries and no coherent body of research exists focusing on sandstorm dust in worldwide. In this study, we used a novel design of an aluminum foil plate (AFP) electrostatic dust cloth (EDC) for the passive air sampling of sandstorm dust. A total of 38 sandstorm dust samples were collected during sandstorm episodes occurring between January and April 2020 in both indoor (7 days, n = 20) and outdoor environments (24 h, n = 18). After exposure, and following an extraction procedure, bacterial endotoxin levels were measured using the Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate (LAL) gel clot method. The study highlights that the airborne endotoxin level observed was between 10 and 200 EU/m2 in both indoor and outdoor environments, during a sandstorm event. Agricultural activities and farmhouses observed higher airborne endotoxin levels. In general, increased endotoxin levels were related to the severity of the sandstorms. Given that the observed values were high as per existing guidelines for respiratory health, we recommend the setting an occupational airborne exposure limit for bacterial endotoxin. This is the first report and further studies across various sandstorm-hit regions will need to be undertaken, together with various sampling methods, in order to assess for seasonal and geographic trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendran Vijayakumar
- Department of Biology, College of Science in Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author at: Department of Biology, College of Science in Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Faiz Abdulaziz Alfaiz
- Department of Biology, College of Science in Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam S. Al-Malki
- Department of Biology, College of Science in Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tim Sandle
- Head of Microbiology, Risk Management and Sterility Assurance, Bio Products Laboratory, Elstree, United Kingdom
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van Leenen K, Jouret J, Demeyer P, Vermeir P, Leenknecht D, Van Driessche L, De Cremer L, Masmeijer C, Boyen F, Deprez P, Cox E, Devriendt B, Pardon B. Particulate matter and airborne endotoxin concentration in calf barns and their association with lung consolidation, inflammation, and infection. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:5932-5947. [PMID: 33612235 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Agricultural operations are important sources of organic dust containing particulate matter (PM) and endotoxins, which have possible negative health consequences for both humans and animals. Dust concentrations and composition in calf barns, as well as the potential health effects for these animals, are scarcely documented. The objective of this study was to measure PM fractions and endotoxin concentrations in calf barns and study their associations with lung consolidation, respiratory tract inflammation, and infection in group-housed calves. In this cross-sectional study, samples from 24 dairy farms and 23 beef farms were collected in Belgium from January to April 2017. PM1.0, PM2.5 and PM10 (defined as particulate matter passing through a size-selective inlet with a 50% efficiency cut-off at a 1.0-μm, 2.5-μm, and 10-μm aerodynamic diameter, respectively) were sampled during a 24-h period using a Grimm aerosol spectrometer (Grimm Aerosol Technik Ainring GmbH & Co. KG). Endotoxin concentration was measured in the PM10 fraction. Thoracic ultrasonography was performed and broncho-alveolar lavage fluid was collected for cytology and bacteriology. Average PM concentrations were 16.3 µg/m3 (standard deviation, SD: 17.1; range: 0.20-771), 25.0 µg/m3 (SD: 25.3; range: 0.50-144.9), and 70.3 µg/m3 (SD: 54.5; range: 1.6-251.2) for PM1.0, PM2.5, and PM10, respectively. Mean endotoxin in the PM10 fraction was 4.2 endotoxin units (EU)/µg (SD: 5.50; range: 0.03-30.3). Concentrations in air were 205.7 EU/m3 (SD: 197.5; range: 2.32-901.0). Lung consolidations with a depth of ≥1, ≥3, and ≥6 cm were present in 43.1% (146/339), 27.4% (93/339), and 15.3% (52/339) of the calves, respectively. Exposure to fine (PM1.0) PM fractions was associated with increased odds of lung consolidations of ≥1 cm (odds ratio, OR: 3.3; confidence interval (CI): 1.5-7.1), ≥3 cm (OR: 2.8; CI: 1.2-7.1), and ≥6 cm (OR: 12.3; CI: 1.2-125.0). The odds of having lung consolidations of ≥1 cm (OR: 13.9; CI: 3.4-58.8) and ≥3 cm (OR: 6.7; 1.7-27.0) were higher when endotoxin concentrations in the dust mass exceeded 8.5 EU/µg. Broncho-alveolar lavage fluid neutrophil percentage was positively associated with PM10 concentration, and epithelial cell percentage was negatively associated with this fraction. Concentration of PM2.5 was positively associated with epithelial cell percentage and isolation of Pasteurella multocida. Although concentrations of fine dust are lower in calf barns than in poultry and pig housings, in this study they were associated with pneumonia in calves. Dust control strategies for reducing fine dust fractions in calf barns may benefit human and animal respiratory health.
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Affiliation(s)
- K van Leenen
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - J Jouret
- Belgian Center for Occupational Hygiene, Tramstraat 59, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - P Demeyer
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Burgemeester van Gansberghelaan 115 Bus1, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - P Vermeir
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - D Leenknecht
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - L Van Driessche
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - L De Cremer
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - C Masmeijer
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - F Boyen
- Laboratory for Veterinary Bacteriology, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - P Deprez
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - E Cox
- Laboratory for Immunology, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - B Devriendt
- Laboratory for Immunology, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - B Pardon
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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9
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Liu G, Lu Y, Shi L, Ren Y, Kong J, Zhang M, Chen M, Liu W. TLR4-MyD88 signaling pathway is responsible for acute lung inflammation induced by reclaimed water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 396:122586. [PMID: 32315938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Previous research found that inhalation exposure of reclaimed water could cause severe pulmonary inflammation, and the endotoxin was proposed to be the key risk factor. To further support this view, the toxic effects of different reclaimed water induced by acute inhalation exposure were compared between wildtype C57BL/6J and TLR4 signaling pathway defect mice. It was found that reclaimed water with high levels of endotoxin could induce strong inflammation in wildtype mice, but not in Tlr4-/- and MyD88-/- mutants. The mixed bacterial culture from the reclaimed water showed very weak response in wildtype mice and no response in TLR4-signaling pathway deficient mice, which further suggested that the cell-bound endotoxins contribute little in the inflammation induced by reclaimed water. In addition, conditional knockout of the Tlr4 gene in myeloid cells resulted in a significant reduction of sensitivity to the reclaimed water in mutants, which indicates that myeloid cells play the most important role in the defensive immune system against the pollutants in the water. In general, this study demonstrated that the TLR4-MyD88 signaling pathway is responsible for the acute lung inflammation induced by reclaimed water, which excludes the possibility of other signaling pathway dependent inflammation inducers in reclaimed water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yun Lu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Liangliang Shi
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yunru Ren
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jiayang Kong
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Mengyu Zhang
- School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Menghao Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wanli Liu
- School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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10
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Viegas C, Almeida B, Monteiro A, Paciência I, Rufo J, Aguiar L, Lage B, Diogo Gonçalves LM, Caetano LA, Carolino E, Gomes AQ, Twarużek M, Kosicki R, Grajewski J, Teixeira JP, Viegas S, Pereira C. Exposure assessment in one central hospital: A multi-approach protocol to achieve an accurate risk characterization. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 181:108947. [PMID: 31767353 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The bioburden in a Hospital building originates not only from patients, visitors and staff, but is also disseminated by several indoor hospital characteristics and outdoor environmental sources. This study intends to assess the exposure to bioburden in one central Hospital with a multi-approach protocol using active and passive sampling methods. The microbial contamination was also characterized through molecular tools for toxigenic species, antifungal resistance and mycotoxins and endotoxins profile. Two cytotoxicity assays (MTT and resazurin) were conducted with two cell lines (Calu-3 and THP-1), and in vitro pro-inflammatory potential was assessed in THP-1 cell line. Out of the 15 sampling locations 33.3% did not comply with Portuguese legislation regarding bacterial contamination, whereas concerning fungal contamination 60% presented I/O > 1. Toxigenic fungal species were observed in 27% of the sampled rooms (4 out of 15) and qPCR analysis successfully amplified DNA from the Aspergillus sections Flavi and Fumigati, although mycotoxins were not detected. Growth of distinct fungal species was observed on Sabouraud dextrose agar with triazole drugs, such as Aspergillus section Versicolores on 1 mg/L VORI. The highest concentrations of endotoxins were found in settled dust samples and ranged from 5.72 to 23.0 EU.mg-1. While a considerable cytotoxic effect (cell viability < 30%) was observed in one HVAC filter sample with Calu-3 cell line, it was not observed with THP-1 cell line. In air samples a medium cytotoxic effect (61-68% cell viability) was observed in 3 out of 15 samples. The cytokine responses produced a more potent average cell response (46.8 ± 12.3 ρg/mL IL-1β; 90.8 ± 58.5 ρg/mL TNF-α) on passive samples than air samples (25.5 ± 5.2 ρg/mL IL-1β and of 19.4 ± 5.2 ρg/mL TNF-α). A multi-approach regarding parameters to assess, sampling and analysis methods should be followed to characterize the biorburden in the Hospital indoor environment. This study supports the importance of considering exposure to complex mixtures in indoor environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Viegas
- H&TRC- Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Portugal; NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Portugal; Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Portugal.
| | - Beatriz Almeida
- H&TRC- Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Monteiro
- H&TRC- Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Portugal; Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1600-560, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Inês Paciência
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal & Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciência e Inovação em Engenharia Mecânica e Engenharia Industrial, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Rufo
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal & Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lívia Aguiar
- INSA - Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruna Lage
- INSA - Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lídia Maria Diogo Gonçalves
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Liliana Aranha Caetano
- H&TRC- Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Portugal; Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Carolino
- H&TRC- Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Anita Quintal Gomes
- H&TRC- Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Portugal; University of Lisbon Institute of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Magdalena Twarużek
- Kazimierz Wielki University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Experimental Biology, Department of Physiology and Toxicology, Chodkiewicza 30, 85-064, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Robert Kosicki
- Kazimierz Wielki University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Experimental Biology, Department of Physiology and Toxicology, Chodkiewicza 30, 85-064, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jan Grajewski
- Kazimierz Wielki University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Experimental Biology, Department of Physiology and Toxicology, Chodkiewicza 30, 85-064, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - João Paulo Teixeira
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; INSA - Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Viegas
- H&TRC- Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Portugal; NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Portugal; Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Portugal
| | - Cristiana Pereira
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; INSA - Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Porto, Portugal
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11
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Son JH, Kim JH, Chang HS, Park JS, Park CS. Relationship of Microbial Profile With Airway Immune Response in Eosinophilic or Neutrophilic Inflammation of Asthmatics. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2020; 12:412-429. [PMID: 32141256 PMCID: PMC7061157 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2020.12.3.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Different characteristics of airway microbiome in asthmatics may lead to differential immune responses, which in turn cause eosinophilic or neutrophilic airway inflammation. However, the relationships among these factors have yet to be fully elucidated. METHODS Microbes in induced sputum samples were subjected to sequence analysis of 16S rRNA. Airway inflammatory phenotypes were defined as neutrophils (>60%) and eosinophils (>3%), and inflammation endotypes were defined by levels of T helper (Th) 1 (interferon-γ), Th2 (interleukin [IL]-5 and IL-13), Th-17 (IL-17), and innate Th2 (IL-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin) cytokines, inflammasomes (IL-1β), epithelial activation markers (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and IL-8), and Inflammation (IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α) cytokines in sputum supernatants was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The numbers of operational taxonomic units were significantly higher in the mixed (n = 21) and neutrophilic (n = 23) inflammation groups than in the paucigranulocytic inflammation group (n = 19; p < 0.05). At the species level, Granulicatella adiacens, Streptococcus parasanguinis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Veillonella rogosae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, and Neisseria perflava levels were significantly higher in the eosinophilic inflammation group (n = 20), whereas JYGU_s levels were significantly higher in the neutrophilic inflammation group compared to the other subtypes (p < 0.05). Additionally, IL-5 and IL-13 concentrations were correlated with the percentage of eosinophils (p < 0.05) and IL-13 levels were positively correlated with the read counts of Porphyromonas pasteri and V. rogosae (p < 0.05). IL-1β concentrations were correlated with the percentage of neutrophils (p < 0.05). had a tendency to be positively correlated with the read count of JYGU_s (p = 0.095), and was negatively correlated with that of S. pneumoniae (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Difference of microbial patterns in airways may induce distinctive endotypes of asthma, which is responsible for the neutrophilic or eosinophilic inflammation in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Son
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korean Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hun Soo Chang
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Korea.
| | - Jong Sook Park
- Genome Research Center and Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea.
| | - Choon Sik Park
- Genome Research Center and Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
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12
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Shen F, Zheng Y, Niu M, Zhou F, Wu Y, Wang J, Zhu T, Wu Y, Wu Z, Hu M, Zhu T. Characteristics of biological particulate matters at urban and rural sites in the North China Plain. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 253:569-577. [PMID: 31330349 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Depending on their concentrations, sizes, and types, particulate matters of biological origins (bioPM) significantly affect human health. However, for different air environments, they are not well characterized and can vary considerably. As an example, we investigated the bioPM differences at an urban (Beijing) site and a rural (Wangdu) site in the North China Plain (NCP) using an online monitoring instrument, an ultraviolet aerodynamic particle sizer (UV-APS), the limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay, and a high-throughput sequencing method. Generally, lower concentrations of viable bioPM (hourly mean: 1.3 × 103 ± 1.6 × 103 m-3) and endotoxin (0.66 ± 0.16 EU/m3) in Beijing were observed compared to viable bioPM (0.79 × 105 ± 1.4 × 105 m-3) and endotoxin (15.1 ± 23.96 EU/m3) at the Wangdu site. The percentage of viable bioPM number concentration in the total PM was 3.1% in Beijing and 6.4% in Wangdu. Approximately 80% of viable bioPM was found to be in the range from 1 to 2.5 μm. Nevertheless, the size distribution patterns for viable bioPM at the Beijing and Wangdu sites differed and were affected by PM pollution, leading to distinct lung deposition profiles. Moreover, the distinct diurnal variations in viable bioPM on clean days were dimmed by the PM pollution at both sites. Distinct bacterial community structures were found in the air from the Beijing and Wangdu sites. The bacterial community in urban Beijing was dominated by genus Lactococcus (49.5%) and Pseudomonas (15.1%), while the rural Wangdu site was dominated by Enterococcus (65%) and Paenibacillus (10%). Human-derived genera, including Myroides, Streptococcus, Propionibacterium, Dietzia, Helcococcus, and Facklamia, were higher in Beijing, suggesting bacterial emission from humans in the urban air environment. Our results show that different air harbors different biological species, and people residing in different environments thus could have very different biological particle exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangxia Shen
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Yunhao Zheng
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Mutong Niu
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yan Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 250100, China
| | - Junxia Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yusheng Wu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhijun Wu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Min Hu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Tianle Zhu
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 102206, China
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13
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Influence of Socioeconomic Factors on Self-Reported Prevalence of Allergic Diseases Among Female University Students. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1020:17-24. [PMID: 28236123 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2017_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Until recently, most studies report an increasing prevalence of allergy and asthma. The research suggests that the increase may have to do with changes in lifestyle and living conditions. This study seeks to determine the prevalence and changes in allergic diseases in relation to socioeconomic status (SES) 6 years apart. The research material consisted of data collected in two cross-sectional surveys conducted among university female students in 2009 and 2015 (respectively, 702 and 1305 subjects). The surveys evaluated the incidence of allergic conditions and socio-economic status. The occurrence of allergy was determined on the basis of answers to the questions whether the allergy and specific allergens were defined on the basis of medical work-up. The prevalence of allergic diseases increased from 14.0% to 22.3% over a 6-year period. In both cohorts, allergic diseases were more prevalent among females with high SES than with low SES. In 2009, significant differences were noted in relation to urbanization of the place of living and the number of siblings. In 2015, all socioeconomics factors significantly bore on the prevalence of allergy.
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14
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Ball DH, Al-Riyami L, Harnett W, Harnett MM. IL-33/ST2 signalling and crosstalk with FcεRI and TLR4 is targeted by the parasitic worm product, ES-62. Sci Rep 2018. [PMID: 29540770 PMCID: PMC5852134 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22716-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
ES-62 is a secreted parasitic worm-derived immunomodulator that exhibits therapeutic potential in allergy by downregulating aberrant MyD88 signalling to normalise the inflammatory phenotype and mast cell responses. IL-33 plays an important role in driving mast cell responses and promoting type-2 allergic inflammation, particularly with respect to asthma, via MyD88-integrated crosstalk amongst the IL-33 receptor (ST2), TLR4 and FcεRI. We have now investigated whether ES-62 targets this pathogenic network by subverting ST2-signalling, specifically by characterising how the functional outcomes of crosstalk amongst ST2, TLR4 and FcεRI are modulated by the worm product in wild type and ST2-deficient mast cells. This analysis showed that whilst ES-62 inhibits IL-33/ST2 signalling, the precise functional modulation observed varies with receptor usage and/or mast cell phenotype. Thus, whilst ES-62’s harnessing of the capacity of ST2 to sequester MyD88 appears sufficient to mediate its inhibitory effects in peritoneal-derived serosal mast cells, downregulation of MyD88 expression appears to be required to dampen the higher levels of cytokine production typically released by bone marrow-derived mucosal mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimity H Ball
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, Scotland
| | - Lamyaa Al-Riyami
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, Scotland
| | - William Harnett
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, Scotland
| | - Margaret M Harnett
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, Scotland.
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15
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Tripathi PM, Kant S, Yadav RS, Kushwaha RAS, Prakash V, Rizvi SHM, Parveen A, Mahdi AA, Ahmad I. Expression of Toll-like Receptor 2 and 4 in Peripheral Blood Neutrophil Cells from Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Oman Med J 2017; 32:477-485. [PMID: 29218124 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2017.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality around the world. Preliminary studies have evaluated the association between innate immunity including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and airway samples of patients with COPD. The role of TLRs in peripheral blood neutrophils is poorly understood. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the role of TLR2 and TLR4 in peripheral blood neutrophils of COPD patients. Methods A total of 101 COPD cases and an equal number of healthy controls participated in this case-control study. Peripheral blood neutrophils were isolated from all participants and cultured for 24 hours through lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. The gene expressions of TLR2 and TLR4 were assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The protein levels of interleukin (IL)-8 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 were measured in neutrophils cell culture supernatants using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The levels of IL-8 and MMP-9 were significantly higher in patients with COPD compared to healthy controls. Similarly, the gene expression of TLR2 and TLR4 were increased in LPS stimulated peripheral blood neutrophils of patients with COPD. Smoke pack years was positively correlated with IL-8 levels and negatively correlated with forced expiratory volume in the first second % (r = -0.33; p = 0.023) and FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) (r = -0.27; p = 0.011). Conclusions The increased expression of TLR2 and TLR4 suggests its role in disease pathogenesis of COPD. Smoke pack years was negatively associated with spirometric parameters in COPD patients. This may help to predict the smokers without COPD who risk developing the condition in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Mani Tripathi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Surya Kant
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi Shanker Yadav
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ram Awadh Singh Kushwaha
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ved Prakash
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Arshiya Parveen
- Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abbas Ali Mahdi
- Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Iqbal Ahmad
- Fibre Toxicology Division, CSIR Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Lee AJ, Ro M, Cho KJ, Kim JH. Lipopolysaccharide/TLR4 Stimulates IL-13 Production through a MyD88-BLT2-Linked Cascade in Mast Cells, Potentially Contributing to the Allergic Response. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:409-417. [PMID: 28600286 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1602062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In an experimental asthma model, the activation of TLR4 by bacterial LPS occasionally exacerbates allergic inflammation through the production of Th2 cytokines, and mast cells have been suggested to play a central role in this response. However, the detailed mechanism underlying how LPS/TLR4 stimulates the production of Th2 cytokines, especially IL-13, remains unclear in mast cells. In the current study, we observed that the expression levels of leukotriene B4 receptor-2 (BLT2) and the synthesis of its ligands were highly upregulated in LPS-stimulated bone marrow-derived mast cells and that BLT2 blockade with small interfering RNA or a pharmacological inhibitor completely abolished IL-13 production, suggesting a mediatory role of the BLT2 ligand-BLT2 axis in LPS/TLR4 signaling to IL-13 synthesis in mast cells. Moreover, we demonstrated that MyD88 lies upstream of the BLT2 ligand-BLT2 axis and that this MyD88-BLT2 cascade leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species through NADPH oxidase 1 and the subsequent activation of NF-κB, thereby mediating IL-13 synthesis. Interestingly, we observed that costimulation of LPS/TLR4 and IgE/FcεRI caused greatly enhanced IL-13 synthesis in mast cells, and blockading BLT2 abolished these effects. Similarly, in vivo, the IL-13 level was markedly enhanced by LPS administration in an OVA-induced asthma model, and injecting a BLT2 antagonist beforehand clearly attenuated this increase. Together, our findings suggest that a BLT2-linked cascade plays a pivotal role in LPS/TLR4 signaling for IL-13 synthesis in mast cells, thereby potentially exacerbating allergic response. Our findings may provide insight into the mechanisms underlying how bacterial infection worsens allergic inflammation under certain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Jin Lee
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea; and
| | - MyungJa Ro
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea; and
| | - Kyung-Jin Cho
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea; and
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17
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Pacholewska A, Marti E, Leeb T, Jagannathan V, Gerber V. LPS-induced modules of co-expressed genes in equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:34. [PMID: 28056766 PMCID: PMC5217269 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3390-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin, LPS) is a strong inducer of the innate immune response. It is widespread in our environment, e.g. in house dust and contributes to asthma. Compared to humans, horses are even more sensitive to LPS. However, data on LPS effects on the equine transcriptome are very limited. Using RNA-seq we analysed LPS-induced differences in the gene expression in equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells at the gene and gene-network level in two half-sib families and one group of unrelated horses. RESULTS 24 h-LPS challenge of equine immune cells resulted in substantial changes in the transcriptomic profile (1,265 differentially expressed genes) showing partial overlap with human data. One of the half-sib families showed a specific response different from the other two groups of horses. We also identified co-expressed gene modules that clearly differentiated 24 h-LPS- from non-stimulated samples. These modules consisted of 934 highly interconnected genes and included genes involved in the immune response (e.g. IL6, CCL22, CXCL6, CXCL2), however, none of the top ten hub genes of the modules have been annotated as responsive to LPS in gene ontology. CONCLUSIONS Using weighted gene co-expression network analysis we identified ten co-expressed gene modules significantly regulated by in vitro stimulation with LPS. Apart from 47 genes (5%) all other genes highly interconnected within the most up- and down-regulated modules were also significantly differentially expressed (FDR < 0.05). The LPS-regulated module hub genes have not yet been described as having a role in the immune response to LPS (e.g. VAT1 and TTC25).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Pacholewska
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, and Agroscope, Länggassstrasse 124, 3012, Bern, Switzerland. .,Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109A, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Eliane Marti
- Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Division of Experimental Clinical Research, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 124, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tosso Leeb
- Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109A, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vidhya Jagannathan
- Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109A, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Gerber
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, and Agroscope, Länggassstrasse 124, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
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18
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Chang HS, Lee TH, Jun JA, Baek AR, Park JS, Koo SM, Kim YK, Lee HS, Park CS. Neutrophilic inflammation in asthma: mechanisms and therapeutic considerations. Expert Rev Respir Med 2016; 11:29-40. [PMID: 27918221 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2017.1268919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neutrophilic airway inflammation represents a pathologically distinct form of asthma and frequently appears in symptomatic adulthood asthmatics. However, clinical impacts and mechanisms of the neutrophilic inflammation have not been thoroughly evaluated up to date. Areas covered: Currently, distinct clinical manifestations, triggers, and molecular mechanisms of the neutrophilic inflammation (namely Toll-like receptor, Th1, Th17, inflammasome) are under investigation in asthma. Furthermore, possible role of the neutrophilic inflammation is being investigated in respect to the airway remodeling. We searched the related literatures published during the past 10 years on the website of Pub Med under the title of asthma and neutrophilic inflammation in human. Expert commentary: Epidemiologic and experimental studies have revealed that the neutrophilic airway inflammation is induced by a wide variety of stimuli including ozone, particulate matters, cigarette smoke, occupational irritants, endotoxins, microbial infection and colonization, and aeroallergens. These triggers provoke diverse immune and inflammatory responses leading to progressive and sometimes irreversible airway obstruction. Clinically, neutrophilic airway inflammation is frequently associated with severe asthma and poor response to glucocorticoid therapy, indicating the need for other treatment strategies. Accordingly, therapeutics will be targeted against the main mediators behind the underlying molecular mechanisms of the neutrophilic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hun Soo Chang
- a Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major , Soonchunhyang Graduate School , Bucheon , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyeong Lee
- a Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major , Soonchunhyang Graduate School , Bucheon , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Ae Jun
- a Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major , Soonchunhyang Graduate School , Bucheon , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Rin Baek
- b Division of Allergy and Respiratory Disease , Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital , Bucheon , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sook Park
- b Division of Allergy and Respiratory Disease , Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital , Bucheon , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea
| | - So-My Koo
- c Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine , Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Yang-Ki Kim
- c Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine , Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Sung Lee
- d Division of Respiratory Medicine , Soonchunhyang University CheonAn Hospital , Cheonan , Chungcheongnam-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Sik Park
- b Division of Allergy and Respiratory Disease , Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital , Bucheon , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Endotoxin significantly contaminates house dust and is an enhancing factor for asthma severity. Natural exposure to endotoxin in early life could influence immune development and protect from the risk of developing atopy. This article will focus on published data showing that home environmental contamination by endotoxin can participate in chronic airways diseases, in particular asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Michel
- Clinic of Allergology and Respiratory Diseases, Saint-Pierre University Hospital, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium,
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20
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Abstract
This review deals with endotoxin in the environment and its relation to disease among exposed persons. Data are presented on levels of endotoxin in different environments with maximum values of several μg/m3. The cellular reactions of importance for inhalation exposure effects are attachment to lipopolysaccharide binding protein, CD14 cell surface protein and TLR-4 receptors. The internalisation of endotoxin in macrophages and endothelial cells results in local production of inflammatory cytokines with subsequent migration of inflammatory cells into the lung and the penetration of cytokines into the blood. These events orchestrate clinical effects in terms of toxic pneumonitis, airways' inflammation and systemic symptoms. Inhalation challenges with pure endotoxin and field studies confirm the relation between these effects and exposure to dusts containing endotoxin. It is possible that polymorphism in genes determining endotoxin reactivity, particularly TLR-4, influences the risk for disease after environmental exposures. Some data suggest that the inflammation caused by inhaled endotoxin may decrease the risk for atopic sensitisation among children and lung cancer among workers exposed to organic dust. Additional research is needed to clarify the role of other environmental agents that are present in connection with endotoxin, particularly (1→3)-β-D-glucan from mold cell walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragnar Rylander
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden,
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21
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Adalimumab ameliorates OVA-induced airway inflammation in mice: Role of CD4(+) CD25(+) FOXP3(+) regulatory T-cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 786:100-108. [PMID: 27262379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory heterogeneous disorder initiated by a dysregulated immune response which drives disease development in susceptible individuals. Though T helper 2 (TH2) biased responses are usually linked to eosinophilic asthma, other Th cell subsets induce neutrophilic airway inflammation which provokes the most severe asthmatic phenotypes. A growing evidence highlights the role of T regulatory (Treg) cells in damping abnormal Th responses and thus inhibiting allergy and asthma. Therefore, strategies to induce or augment Treg cells hold promise for treatment and prevention of allergic airway inflammation. Recently, the link between Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and Treg has been uncovered, and TNF-α antagonists are increasingly used in many autoimmune diseases. Yet, their benefits in allergic airway inflammation is not clarified. We investigated the effect of Adalimumab, a TNF-α antagonist, on Ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic airway inflammation in CD1 mice and explored its impact on Treg cells. Our results showed that Adalimumab treatment attenuated the OVA-induced increase in serum IgE, TH2 and TH1 derived inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IFN-γ, respectively) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, suppressed recruitment of inflammatory cells in BAL fluid and lung, and inhibited BAL fluid neutrophilia. It also ameliorated goblet cell metaplasia and bronchial fibrosis. Splenocytes flow cytometry revealed increased percentage of CD4(+) CD25(+) FOXP3(+) Treg cells by Adalimumab that was associated with increase in their suppressive activity as shown by elevated BAL fluid IL-10. We conclude that the beneficial effects of Adalimumab in this CD1 neutrophilic model of allergic airway inflammation are attributed to augmentation of Treg cell number and activity.
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Nishihara F, Nakagome K, Kobayashi T, Noguchi T, Araki R, Uchida Y, Soma T, Nagata M. Trans-basement membrane migration of eosinophils induced by LPS-stimulated neutrophils from human peripheral blood in vitro. ERJ Open Res 2015; 1:00003-2015. [PMID: 27730145 PMCID: PMC5005110 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00003-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In the airways of severe asthmatics, an increase of neutrophils and eosinophils is often observed despite high-dose corticosteroid therapy. We previously reported that interleukin-8-stimulated neutrophils induced trans-basement membrane migration (TBM) of eosinophils, suggesting the link between neutrophils and eosinophils. Concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the airway increase in severe asthma. As neutrophils express Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 and can release chemoattractants for eosinophils, we investigated whether LPS-stimulated neutrophils modify eosinophil TBM. Neutrophils and eosinophils were isolated from peripheral blood of healthy volunteers and severe asthmatics. Eosinophil TBM was examined using a modified Boyden's chamber technique. Eosinophils were added to the upper compartment, and neutrophils and LPS were added to the lower compartment. Migrated eosinophils were measured by eosinophil peroxidase assays. LPS-stimulated neutrophils induced eosinophil TBM (about 10-fold increase), although LPS or neutrophils alone did not. A leukotriene B4 receptor antagonist, a platelet-activating factor receptor antagonist or an anti-TLR4 antibody decreased eosinophil TBM enhanced by LPS-stimulated neutrophils by almost half. Neutrophils from severe asthmatics induced eosinophil TBM and lower concentrations of LPS augmented neutrophil-induced eosinophil TBM. These results suggest that the combination of neutrophils and LPS leads eosinophils to accumulate in the airways, possibly involved the pathogenesis of severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyumi Nishihara
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Nakagome
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takehito Kobayashi
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toru Noguchi
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Araki
- Community Health Science Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Uchida
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Soma
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Makoto Nagata
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
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23
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Hadebe S, Kirstein F, Fierens K, Chen K, Drummond RA, Vautier S, Sajaniemi S, Murray G, Williams DL, Redelinghuys P, Reinhart TA, Fallert Junecko BA, Kolls JK, Lambrecht BN, Brombacher F, Brown GD. Microbial Ligand Costimulation Drives Neutrophilic Steroid-Refractory Asthma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134219. [PMID: 26261989 PMCID: PMC4532492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease whose etiology is poorly understood but is likely to involve innate responses to inhaled microbial components that are found in allergens. The influence of these components on pulmonary inflammation has been largely studied in the context of individual agonists, despite knowledge that they can have synergistic effects when used in combination. Here we have explored the effects of LPS and β-glucan, two commonly-encountered microbial agonists, on the pathogenesis of allergic and non-allergic respiratory responses to house dust mite allergen. Notably, sensitization with these microbial components in combination acted synergistically to promote robust neutrophilic inflammation, which involved both Dectin-1 and TLR-4. This pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation was corticosteroid-refractory, resembling that found in patients with severe asthma. Thus our results provide key new insights into how microbial components influence the development of respiratory pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabelo Hadebe
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Frank Kirstein
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology and Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kaat Fierens
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, University Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kong Chen
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Rebecca A. Drummond
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Simon Vautier
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sara Sajaniemi
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Graeme Murray
- Pathology, Division of Applied Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - David L. Williams
- Department of Surgery and Center for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Pierre Redelinghuys
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Todd A. Reinhart
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Beth A. Fallert Junecko
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jay K. Kolls
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Bart N. Lambrecht
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, University Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, ErasmusMC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Brombacher
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology and Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gordon D. Brown
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa
- * E-mail:
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24
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Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure differently affects allergic asthma exacerbations and its amelioration by intranasal curcumin in mice. Cytokine 2015; 76:334-342. [PMID: 26239413 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is ubiquitous in the environment and can therefore, exacerbate allergic responses. Studies have suggested immunoregulatory effects of LPS according to route, dose and stage of exposure. Present study has examined whether dose and stage of LPS exposure (during sensitization and challenge with OVA) exacerbates airway inflammations, antigen specific-IgE level, histamine release, Th1/Th2 cytokine response. Further, anti-asthmatic potential of curcumin, through intranasal route has been evaluated for the first time in LPS induced airway inflammation in an ovalbumin (OVA)-challenged mouse asthma model. METHODS Balb/c mice were first sensitized with OVA on 1st and 8th day and exposed to two LPS doses (0.1/1.0 μg) separately on 2nd day and then further exposed to LPS with OVA-aerosol (from 9 to 14 day). Further, lower LPS dose (0.1 μg) was chosen for OVA exposed mouse model of asthma exacerbation study. Intranasal curcumin was administered from 9th to 14th day before every LPS exposure. RESULTS Exposure to LPS (0.1 μg) exacerbates airway inflammations in terms of IgE level, Th2-cytokine response (IL-4 and IL-5), histamine release, EPO and MPO activities and oxidative stress. Intranasal curcumin has effectively ameliorated airway exacerbations whereas dexamethasone, a known glucocorticosteroid, was not promising as compared to intranasal curcumin. CONCLUSION Schedule and dose of LPS exposure determines asthma exacerbations and intranasal curcumin could be better immunomodulatory agent in LPS exposed asthma exacerbations.
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Zhong J, Urch B, Speck M, Coull BA, Koutrakis P, Thorne PS, Scott J, Liu L, Brook RD, Behbod B, Gibson H, Silverman F, Mittleman MA, Baccarelli AA, Gold DR. Endotoxin and β-1,3-d-Glucan in Concentrated Ambient Particles Induce Rapid Increase in Blood Pressure in Controlled Human Exposures. Hypertension 2015; 66:509-16. [PMID: 26123683 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.05342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Short-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) is associated with increased blood pressure (BP) in epidemiological studies. Understanding the impact of specific PM components on BP is essential in developing effective risk-reduction strategies. We investigated the association between endotoxin and β-1,3-d-Glucan-two major biological PM components-and BP. We also examined whether vascular endothelial growth factor, a vasodilatory inflammatory marker, modified these associations. We conducted a single-blind, randomized, crossover trial of controlled human exposure to concentrated ambient particles with 50 healthy adults. Particle-associated-endotoxin and β-1,3-d-Glucan were sampled using polycarbonate-membrane-filters. Supine resting systolic BP and diastolic BP were measured pre-, 0.5-hour post-, and 20-hour postexposure. Urine vascular endothelial growth factor concentration was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay and creatinine-corrected. Exposures to endotoxin and β-1,3-d-Glucan for 130 minutes were associated with increases in BPs: at 0.5-hour postexposure, every doubling in endotoxin concentration was associated with 1.73 mm Hg higher systolic BP (95% confidence interval, 0.28, 3.18; P=0.02) and 2.07 mm Hg higher diastolic BP (95% confidence interval, 0.74, 3.39; P=0.003); every doubling in β-1,3-d-Glucan concentration was associated with 0.80 mm Hg higher systolic BP (95% confidence interval, -0.07, 1.67; P=0.07) and 0.88 mm Hg higher diastolic BP (95% confidence interval, 0.09, 1.66; P=0.03). Vascular endothelial growth factor rose after concentrated ambient particle endotoxin exposure and attenuated the association between endotoxin and 0.5-hour postexposure diastolic BP (Pinteraction=0.02). In healthy adults, short-term endotoxin and β-1,3-d-Glucan exposures were associated with increased BP. Our findings suggest that the biological PM components contribute to PM-related cardiovascular outcomes, and postexposure vascular endothelial growth factor elevation might be an adaptive response that attenuates these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhong
- From the Department of Environmental Health (J.Z., P.K., B.B., H.G., A.A.B., D.R.G.), Department of Biostatistics (B.A.C.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.A.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Occupational & Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health (J.S., F.S.), Department of Medicine (B.U., J.S., F.S.), and Divisions of Occupational and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine (F.S.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa (P.S.T.); Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (L.L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (R.D.B.); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (F.S.), St Michael's Hospital (M.S., J.S., F.S.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Southern Ontario Center for Atmospheric Aerosol Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.S.); and Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.R.G.).
| | - Bruce Urch
- From the Department of Environmental Health (J.Z., P.K., B.B., H.G., A.A.B., D.R.G.), Department of Biostatistics (B.A.C.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.A.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Occupational & Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health (J.S., F.S.), Department of Medicine (B.U., J.S., F.S.), and Divisions of Occupational and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine (F.S.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa (P.S.T.); Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (L.L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (R.D.B.); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (F.S.), St Michael's Hospital (M.S., J.S., F.S.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Southern Ontario Center for Atmospheric Aerosol Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.S.); and Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.R.G.)
| | - Mary Speck
- From the Department of Environmental Health (J.Z., P.K., B.B., H.G., A.A.B., D.R.G.), Department of Biostatistics (B.A.C.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.A.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Occupational & Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health (J.S., F.S.), Department of Medicine (B.U., J.S., F.S.), and Divisions of Occupational and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine (F.S.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa (P.S.T.); Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (L.L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (R.D.B.); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (F.S.), St Michael's Hospital (M.S., J.S., F.S.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Southern Ontario Center for Atmospheric Aerosol Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.S.); and Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.R.G.)
| | - Brent A Coull
- From the Department of Environmental Health (J.Z., P.K., B.B., H.G., A.A.B., D.R.G.), Department of Biostatistics (B.A.C.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.A.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Occupational & Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health (J.S., F.S.), Department of Medicine (B.U., J.S., F.S.), and Divisions of Occupational and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine (F.S.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa (P.S.T.); Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (L.L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (R.D.B.); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (F.S.), St Michael's Hospital (M.S., J.S., F.S.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Southern Ontario Center for Atmospheric Aerosol Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.S.); and Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.R.G.)
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- From the Department of Environmental Health (J.Z., P.K., B.B., H.G., A.A.B., D.R.G.), Department of Biostatistics (B.A.C.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.A.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Occupational & Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health (J.S., F.S.), Department of Medicine (B.U., J.S., F.S.), and Divisions of Occupational and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine (F.S.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa (P.S.T.); Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (L.L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (R.D.B.); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (F.S.), St Michael's Hospital (M.S., J.S., F.S.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Southern Ontario Center for Atmospheric Aerosol Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.S.); and Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.R.G.)
| | - Peter S Thorne
- From the Department of Environmental Health (J.Z., P.K., B.B., H.G., A.A.B., D.R.G.), Department of Biostatistics (B.A.C.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.A.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Occupational & Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health (J.S., F.S.), Department of Medicine (B.U., J.S., F.S.), and Divisions of Occupational and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine (F.S.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa (P.S.T.); Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (L.L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (R.D.B.); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (F.S.), St Michael's Hospital (M.S., J.S., F.S.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Southern Ontario Center for Atmospheric Aerosol Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.S.); and Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.R.G.)
| | - James Scott
- From the Department of Environmental Health (J.Z., P.K., B.B., H.G., A.A.B., D.R.G.), Department of Biostatistics (B.A.C.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.A.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Occupational & Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health (J.S., F.S.), Department of Medicine (B.U., J.S., F.S.), and Divisions of Occupational and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine (F.S.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa (P.S.T.); Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (L.L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (R.D.B.); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (F.S.), St Michael's Hospital (M.S., J.S., F.S.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Southern Ontario Center for Atmospheric Aerosol Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.S.); and Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.R.G.)
| | - Ling Liu
- From the Department of Environmental Health (J.Z., P.K., B.B., H.G., A.A.B., D.R.G.), Department of Biostatistics (B.A.C.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.A.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Occupational & Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health (J.S., F.S.), Department of Medicine (B.U., J.S., F.S.), and Divisions of Occupational and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine (F.S.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa (P.S.T.); Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (L.L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (R.D.B.); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (F.S.), St Michael's Hospital (M.S., J.S., F.S.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Southern Ontario Center for Atmospheric Aerosol Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.S.); and Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.R.G.)
| | - Robert D Brook
- From the Department of Environmental Health (J.Z., P.K., B.B., H.G., A.A.B., D.R.G.), Department of Biostatistics (B.A.C.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.A.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Occupational & Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health (J.S., F.S.), Department of Medicine (B.U., J.S., F.S.), and Divisions of Occupational and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine (F.S.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa (P.S.T.); Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (L.L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (R.D.B.); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (F.S.), St Michael's Hospital (M.S., J.S., F.S.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Southern Ontario Center for Atmospheric Aerosol Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.S.); and Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.R.G.)
| | - Behrooz Behbod
- From the Department of Environmental Health (J.Z., P.K., B.B., H.G., A.A.B., D.R.G.), Department of Biostatistics (B.A.C.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.A.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Occupational & Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health (J.S., F.S.), Department of Medicine (B.U., J.S., F.S.), and Divisions of Occupational and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine (F.S.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa (P.S.T.); Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (L.L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (R.D.B.); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (F.S.), St Michael's Hospital (M.S., J.S., F.S.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Southern Ontario Center for Atmospheric Aerosol Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.S.); and Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.R.G.)
| | - Heike Gibson
- From the Department of Environmental Health (J.Z., P.K., B.B., H.G., A.A.B., D.R.G.), Department of Biostatistics (B.A.C.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.A.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Occupational & Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health (J.S., F.S.), Department of Medicine (B.U., J.S., F.S.), and Divisions of Occupational and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine (F.S.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa (P.S.T.); Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (L.L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (R.D.B.); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (F.S.), St Michael's Hospital (M.S., J.S., F.S.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Southern Ontario Center for Atmospheric Aerosol Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.S.); and Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.R.G.)
| | - Frances Silverman
- From the Department of Environmental Health (J.Z., P.K., B.B., H.G., A.A.B., D.R.G.), Department of Biostatistics (B.A.C.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.A.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Occupational & Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health (J.S., F.S.), Department of Medicine (B.U., J.S., F.S.), and Divisions of Occupational and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine (F.S.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa (P.S.T.); Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (L.L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (R.D.B.); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (F.S.), St Michael's Hospital (M.S., J.S., F.S.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Southern Ontario Center for Atmospheric Aerosol Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.S.); and Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.R.G.)
| | - Murray A Mittleman
- From the Department of Environmental Health (J.Z., P.K., B.B., H.G., A.A.B., D.R.G.), Department of Biostatistics (B.A.C.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.A.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Occupational & Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health (J.S., F.S.), Department of Medicine (B.U., J.S., F.S.), and Divisions of Occupational and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine (F.S.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa (P.S.T.); Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (L.L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (R.D.B.); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (F.S.), St Michael's Hospital (M.S., J.S., F.S.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Southern Ontario Center for Atmospheric Aerosol Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.S.); and Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.R.G.)
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- From the Department of Environmental Health (J.Z., P.K., B.B., H.G., A.A.B., D.R.G.), Department of Biostatistics (B.A.C.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.A.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Occupational & Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health (J.S., F.S.), Department of Medicine (B.U., J.S., F.S.), and Divisions of Occupational and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine (F.S.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa (P.S.T.); Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (L.L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (R.D.B.); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (F.S.), St Michael's Hospital (M.S., J.S., F.S.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Southern Ontario Center for Atmospheric Aerosol Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.S.); and Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.R.G.)
| | - Diane R Gold
- From the Department of Environmental Health (J.Z., P.K., B.B., H.G., A.A.B., D.R.G.), Department of Biostatistics (B.A.C.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.A.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Occupational & Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health (J.S., F.S.), Department of Medicine (B.U., J.S., F.S.), and Divisions of Occupational and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine (F.S.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa (P.S.T.); Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (L.L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (R.D.B.); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (F.S.), St Michael's Hospital (M.S., J.S., F.S.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Southern Ontario Center for Atmospheric Aerosol Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.S.); and Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.R.G.)
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27
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Aleman MM, Mills K, Almond M, Todoric K, Zhang H, Zhou H, Peden DB, Hernandez ML. Reply: To PMID 25195169. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 135:836-7. [PMID: 25576080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Aleman
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, & Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Katherine Mills
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, & Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Martha Almond
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, & Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Krista Todoric
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, & Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Haibo Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - David B Peden
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Michelle L Hernandez
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, & Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
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Kim TH, Kim DJ, Park JH, Park JH. TRIF Deficiency does not Affect Severity of Ovalbumin-induced Airway Inflammation in Mice. Immune Netw 2014; 14:249-54. [PMID: 25360076 PMCID: PMC4212086 DOI: 10.4110/in.2014.14.5.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a chronic pulmonary inflammatory disease characterized by reversible airway obstruction, hyperresponsiveness and eosinophils infiltration. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) signaling are closely associated with asthma and have emerged as a novel therapeutic target in allergic disease. The functions of TLR3 and TLR4 in allergic airway inflammation have been studied; however, the precise role of TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF), the adaptor molecule for both TLR3 and TLR4, is not yet fully understood. To investigate this, we developed a mouse model of OVA-induced allergic airway inflammation and compared the severity of allergic airway inflammation in WT and TRIF-/- mice. Histopathological assessment revealed that the severity of inflammation in airway inflammation in TRIF-deficient mice was comparable to that in WT mice. The total number of cells recovered from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid did not differ between WT and TRIF-deficient mice. Moreover, TRIF deficiency did not affect Th1 and Th2 cytokine production in lung tissue nor the level of serum OVA-specific IgE, IgG1 and IgG2c. These findings suggest that TRIF-mediated signaling may not be critical for the development of allergic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hyoun Kim
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Dong-Jae Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-718, Korea
| | - Jae-Hak Park
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Park
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
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29
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Hernandez ML, Mills K, Almond M, Todoric K, Aleman MM, Zhang H, Zhou H, Peden DB. IL-1 receptor antagonist reduces endotoxin-induced airway inflammation in healthy volunteers. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 135:379-85. [PMID: 25195169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma with neutrophil predominance is challenging to treat with corticosteroids. Novel treatment options for asthma include those that target innate immune activity. Recent literature has indicated a significant role for IL-1β in both acute and chronic neutrophilic asthma. OBJECTIVE This study used inhaled endotoxin (LPS) challenge as a model of innate immune activation to (1) assess the safety of the IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra in conjunction with inhaled LPS and (2) to test the hypothesis that IL-1 blockade will suppress the acute neutrophil response to challenge with inhaled LPS. METHODS In a phase I clinical study 17 healthy volunteers completed a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study in which they received 2 daily subcutaneous doses of 1 mg/kg anakinra (maximum dose, 100 mg) or saline (placebo). One hour after the second treatment dose, subjects underwent an inhaled LPS challenge. Induced sputum was assessed for neutrophils 4 hours after inhaled LPS. The effect of anakinra compared with placebo on airway neutrophil counts and airway proinflammatory cytokine levels after LPS challenge was compared by using a linear mixed-model approach. RESULTS Anakinra pretreatment significantly diminished airway neutrophilia compared with placebo. LPS-induced IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 levels were significantly reduced during the anakinra treatment period compared with those seen after placebo. Subjects tolerated the anakinra treatment well without an increased frequency of infections attributable to anakinra treatment. CONCLUSIONS Anakinra effectively reduced airway neutrophilic inflammation and resulted in no serious adverse events in a model of inhaled LPS challenge. Anakinra is a potential therapeutic candidate for treatment of asthma with neutrophil predominance in diseased populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Hernandez
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, & Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.
| | - Katherine Mills
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, & Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Martha Almond
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, & Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Krista Todoric
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, & Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Maria M Aleman
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, & Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Haibo Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - David B Peden
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, & Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
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30
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Torii I, Shimizu S, Daimon T, Shinohara Y, Kudo T, Sato A, Tsujimura T. Exposure to High Doses of Lipopolysaccharide during Ovalbumin Sensitization Prevents the Development of Allergic Th2 Responses to a Dietary Antigen. J Toxicol Pathol 2014; 27:205-15. [PMID: 25378805 PMCID: PMC4217231 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2014-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Food allergies are driven by aberrant T helper (Th) 2 cells. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
influences the development of Th2-mediated diseases, but its role in food allergy and
tolerance remains unclear. To address this issue, we established mouse models presenting
allergic or tolerant responses to ovalbumin (OVA). Mice sensitized with crude OVA
developed Th2 responses including acute diarrhea, increases in serum OVA-specific IgE,
dominant production of serum OVA-specific IgG1, increases in Th2-type cytokines and
proliferation of mast cells in duodenal and colonic tissues. Sensitization of mice with
crude OVA and LPS abrogated Th2-type responses observed in allergic mice. The level of
OVA-specific proliferation in mesenteric lymph node CD4+ T cells was comparable
in allergic and tolerant mice, indicating that the tolerance is not caused by anergy and
apoptosis of antigen-primed T cells. Expression of Th1- and Th2-type cytokines was
suppressed in whole spleen cells and/or purified spleen CD4+ T cells of
tolerant mice, indicating that the tolerance was not caused by the shift from Th2 to Th1.
On the other hand, interleukin (IL)-10, a regulatory cytokine produced by regulatory T
cells, was upregulated in whole spleen cells and purified spleen CD4+ T cells
of tolerant mice. Furthermore, spleen CD4+ T cells from tolerant mice
suppressed the growth of CD4+ T cells from DO11.10 mice in co-culture. These
results indicate that tolerance is induced in allergic mice by simultaneous exposure to
LPS during sensitization with OVA and that a population of T cells producing IL-10 plays
an important role in the tolerance induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuko Torii
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Shigeki Shimizu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Daimon
- Department of Biostatistics, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Shinohara
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoo Kudo
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Ayuko Sato
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Tohru Tsujimura
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
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31
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Ramsey CP, Tansey MG. A survey from 2012 of evidence for the role of neuroinflammation in neurotoxin animal models of Parkinson's disease and potential molecular targets. Exp Neurol 2014; 256:126-32. [PMID: 23726958 PMCID: PMC3823748 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative movement disorder that results from the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). The specific molecular events that cause PD are currently not known; however, progress to better understand PD pathogenesis has been made using various animal models of the disease. In this review, we have highlighted reports from 2012 in which neurochemical/neurotoxins have been used in rodents to specifically address the role of neuroinflammation in the development and/or progression of PD-like pathology and in particular nigral degeneration. A number of studies have been summarized in which plausible pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, or therapeutic agents targeting inflammatory pathways were introduced and/or investigated by various groups for neuroprotective effects. From these studies, it is clear that neuroinflammation acts to exacerbate the toxic outcomes that are set in motion within neurons following exposure to neurotoxins. Additionally, it is noted that future work is still needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms mediating the neuroinflammatory and neurotoxic phenotypes reported in rodent models of PD-like pathology to maximize the translation potential of these interventions to the clinic to prevent and/or delay PD onset and/or progression in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenere P Ramsey
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - Malú G Tansey
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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32
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Allergic diseases: the price of civilisational progress. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2014; 31:77-83. [PMID: 25097472 PMCID: PMC4112251 DOI: 10.5114/pdia.2014.40936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic disorders are a major global health problem. The prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis has been increasing over the last four decades, both in the industrialized and developing countries. It seems to be related to changes in the social structure, increasing industrialization, pollution and dietary changes. Many hypotheses link the allergy epidemic to stringent hygiene, dominance of a westernized lifestyle and an accelerated pace of life. Dietary antioxidants, lipids, sodium, vitamin D seem also to be implicated. We endeavour to review the most relevant theories with a special emphasis on the hygiene, antioxidative, lipid and air pollution hypotheses. It is however important to note that none of them explains all the aspects of unprecedented rise in the prevalence of allergic disorders. A complex interplay between host's immune response, invading pathogens, diversity of environmental factors and genetic background seems to be of a particular importance. Current allergy epidemic is multifactorial and basic and epidemiologic studies are warranted to further our understanding of this phenomenon.
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33
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Brasier AR. Identification of innate immune response endotypes in asthma: implications for personalized medicine. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2013; 13:462-8. [PMID: 23793609 PMCID: PMC3778047 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-013-0363-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is an idiopathic disease characterized by episodic inflammation and reversible airway obstruction triggered by exposure to environmental agents. Because this disease is heterogeneous in onset, exacerbations, inflammatory states, and response to therapy, there is intense interest in developing personalized approaches to its management. Of focus in this review, the recognition that a component of the pathophysiology of asthma is mediated by inflammation has implications for understanding its etiology and individualizing its therapy. Despite understanding how Th2 polarization mediates asthma exacerbations by aeroallergen exposure, we do not yet fully understand how RNA virus infections produce asthmatic exacerbations. This review will summarize the explosion of information that has revealed how patterns produced by RNA virus infection trigger the innate immune response (IIR) in sentinel airway cells. When the IIR is triggered, these cells elaborate inflammatory cytokines and protective mucosal interferons whose actions activate long-lived adaptive immunity and limit organismal replication. Recent work has shown the multifaceted way that dysregulation of the IIR is linked to viral-induced exacerbation, steroid insensitivity, and T helper polarization of adaptive immunity. New developments in quantitative proteomics now enable accurate identification of subgroups of individuals that demonstrate activation of IIR ("innate endotype"). Potential applications to clinical research are proposed. Together, these developments open realistic prospects for how identification of the IIR endotype may inform asthma therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan R Brasier
- Institute for Translational Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, 8.128 Medical Research Building, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, 77555-1060, USA,
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34
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Hernandez ML, Wagner JG, Kala A, Mills K, Wells HB, Alexis NE, Lay JC, Jiang Q, Zhang H, Zhou H, Peden DB. Vitamin E, γ-tocopherol, reduces airway neutrophil recruitment after inhaled endotoxin challenge in rats and in healthy volunteers. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 60:56-62. [PMID: 23402870 PMCID: PMC3654053 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies suggest that dietary vitamin E is an important candidate intervention for asthma. Our group has shown that daily consumption of vitamin E (γ-tocopherol, γT) has anti-inflammatory actions in both rodent and human phase I studies. The objective of this study was to test whether γT supplementation could mitigate a model of neutrophilic airway inflammation in rats and in healthy human volunteers. F344/N rats were randomized to oral gavage with γT versus placebo, followed by intranasal LPS (20μg) challenge. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung histology were used to assess airway neutrophil recruitment. In a phase IIa clinical study, 13 nonasthmatic subjects completed a double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover study in which they consumed either a γT-enriched capsule or a sunflower oil placebo capsule. After 7 days of daily supplementation, they underwent an inhaled LPS challenge. Induced sputum was assessed for neutrophils 6 h after inhaled LPS. The effect of γT compared to placebo on airway neutrophils post-LPS was compared using a repeated-measures analysis of variance. In rats, oral γT supplementation significantly reduced tissue infiltration (p<0.05) and accumulation of airway neutrophils (p<0.05) that are elicited by intranasal LPS challenge compared to control rats. In human volunteers, γT treatment significantly decreased induced sputum neutrophils (p=0.03) compared to placebo. Oral supplementation with γT reduced airway neutrophil recruitment in both rat and human models of inhaled LPS challenge. These results suggest that γT is a potential therapeutic candidate for prevention or treatment of neutrophilic airway inflammation in diseased populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Hernandez
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, & Lung Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA.
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35
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The role of lectins in allergic sensitization and allergic disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 132:27-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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36
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Varga A, Budai MM, Milesz S, Bácsi A, Tőzsér J, Benkő S. Ragweed pollen extract intensifies lipopolysaccharide-induced priming of NLRP3 inflammasome in human macrophages. Immunology 2013; 138:392-401. [PMID: 23278511 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ragweed pollen extract (RWE) possesses intrinsic NADPH oxidase activity that induces oxidative stress by initiating the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). The ROS are important contributors to the manifestation of allergic inflammation; furthermore, concomitant exposure to an allergen and an endotoxin trigger a stronger inflammatory response. One of the main pro-inflammatory cytokines produced in inflammatory responses is interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and its production is associated with caspase-1-containing inflammasome complexes. Intracellular ROS have been implicated in NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL-1β production, therefore, we aimed to study whether RWE influences the function of NLRP3 inflammasome. Here we describe that, in the presence of NADPH, RWE significantly elevates lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-1β production of THP-1 cells as well as human primary macrophages and dendritic cells. We also demonstrate that increased IL-1β production is mediated through NLRP3 inflammasome in THP-1 macrophages. We provide evidence that RWE elevates cytosolic ROS level in these cells, and ROS inhibitors abolish IL-1β production. Furthermore, we show that RWE enhances lipopolysaccharide-induced gene transcription/expression of pro-IL-1β and key components of the inflammasome via a ROS-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliz Varga
- Department of Immunology, Medical and Health Science Centre, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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37
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Influence of age, past smoking, and disease severity on TLR2, neutrophilic inflammation, and MMP-9 levels in COPD. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:462934. [PMID: 23606791 PMCID: PMC3628212 DOI: 10.1155/2013/462934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common and serious respiratory disease, particularly in older individuals, characterised by fixed airway obstruction and persistent airway neutrophilia. The mechanisms that lead to these features are not well established. We investigated the contribution of age, prior smoking, and fixed airflow obstruction on sputum neutrophils, TLR2 expression, and markers of neutrophilic inflammation. Induced sputum from adults with COPD (n = 69) and healthy controls (n = 51) was examined. A sputum portion was dispersed, total, differential cell count and viability recorded, and supernatant assayed for CXCL8, matrix metalloproteinase- (MMP-) 9, neutrophil elastase, and soluble TLR2. Peripheral blood cells (n = 7) were stimulated and TLR2 activation examined. TLR2 levels were increased with ageing, while sputum neutrophils and total sputum MMP-9 levels increased with age, previous smoking, and COPD. In multivariate regression, TLR2 gene expression and MMP-9 levels were significant independent contributors to the proportion of sputum neutrophils after adjustment for age, prior smoking, and the presence of airflow obstruction. TLR2 stimulation led to enhanced release of MMP-9 from peripheral blood granulocytes. TLR2 stimulation activates neutrophils for MMP-9 release. Efforts to understand the mechanisms of TLR2 signalling and subsequent MMP-9 production in COPD may assist in understanding neutrophilic inflammation in COPD.
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Pavord ID. Complex airway disease: an approach to assessment and management. THE LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2012; 1:84-90. [PMID: 24321807 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(12)70049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Research into new treatments for airway disease focuses on severe disease because morbidity, mortality, and health-care costs are substantial and the unmet need is greatest. One reason why outcomes are poor in these patients could be that the clinical expression of disease is heterogeneous and difficult to classify. As a result, guideline-based management algorithms fail. Additionally, difficulties with disease classification and misconceptions about the relation between different aspects of severe airway disease have hindered new drug development. A potential solution is to use a new approach to assess severe airway disease, which moves the diagnostic focus from categorisation of patients to identification and characterisation of the main drivers of disease. This approach will help rather than hinder identification of clinically important phenotypes of disease and will facilitate the development of new phenotype-specific treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian D Pavord
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Institute for Lung Health, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK.
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Lawson JA, Dosman JA, Rennie DC, Beach JR, Newman SC, Crowe T, Senthilselvan A. Endotoxin as a determinant of asthma and wheeze among rural dwelling children and adolescents: a case-control study. BMC Pulm Med 2012; 12:56. [PMID: 22966977 PMCID: PMC3545854 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2466-12-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between endotoxin exposure and asthma is complex and has been associated with rural living. We examined the relationship between domestic endotoxin and asthma or wheeze among rural school-aged children (6-18 years) and assessed the interaction between endotoxin and other characteristics with these outcomes. METHODS Between 2005 and 2007 we conducted a case-control study of children 6-18 years in the rural region of Humboldt, Canada. Cases (n = 102) reported doctor-diagnosed asthma or wheeze in the past year. Controls (n = 208) were randomly selected from children without asthma or wheeze. Data were collected to ascertain symptoms, asthma history and indoor environmental exposures (questionnaire), endotoxin (dust collection from the play area floor and child's mattress), and tobacco smoke exposure (saliva collection). Statistical testing was completed using multiple logistic regression to account for potential confounders and to assess interaction between risk factors. A stratified analysis was also completed to examine the effect of personal history of allergy. RESULTS Among children aged 6-12 years, mattress endotoxin concentration (EU/mg) and load (EU/m2) were inversely associated with being a case [odds ratio (OR) = 0.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.20-0.98; and OR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.20-0.75, respectively]. These associations were not observed in older children or with play area endotoxin. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that endotoxin exposure might be protective for asthma or wheeze. The protective effect is found in younger school-aged, non-allergic children. These results may help explain the inconsistencies in previous studies and suggest that the protective effects of endotoxin in the prevention of atopy and asthma or wheeze are most effective earlier in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Lawson
- Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture & Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture Royal University Hospital University of Saskatchewan, 3641-103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0 W8, Canada
| | - James A Dosman
- Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Donna C Rennie
- Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture, University of Saskatchewan, and the College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Jeremy R Beach
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Stephen C Newman
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Trever Crowe
- College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Ambikaipakan Senthilselvan
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Public Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Shin YS, Sohn JH, Kim JY, Lee JH, Cho SH, Hong SJ, Lee JS, Hong CS, Park JW. Endotoxin is not essential for the development of cockroach induced allergic airway inflammation. Yonsei Med J 2012; 53:593-602. [PMID: 22477005 PMCID: PMC3343443 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2012.53.3.593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Cockroach (CR) is an important inhalant allergen and can induce allergic asthma. However, the mechanism by which CR induces airway allergic inflammation and the role of endotoxin in CR extract are not clearly understood in regards to the development of airway inflammation. In this study, we evaluated whether endotoxin is essential to the development of CR induced airway allergic inflammation in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Airway allergic inflammation was induced by intranasal administration of either CR extract, CR with additional endotoxin, or endotoxin depleted CR extract, respectively, in BALB/c wild type mice. CR induced inflammation was also evaluated with toll like receptor-4 (TLR-4) mutant (C3H/HeJ) and wild type (C3H/HeN) mice. RESULTS Intranasal administration of CR extracts significantly induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), eosinophilic and neutrophilic airway inflammation, as well as goblet cell hyperplasia in a dose-dependent manner. The addition of endotoxin along with CR allergen attenuated eosinophilic inflammation, interleukin (IL)-13 level, and goblet cell hyperplasia of respiratory epithelium; however, it did not affect the development of AHR. Endotoxin depletion in CR extract did not attenuate eosinophilic inflammation and lymphocytosis in BAL fluid, AHR and IL-13 expression in the lungs compared to CR alone. The attenuation of AHR, eosinophilic inflammation, and goblet cell hyperplasia induced by CR extract alone was not different between TLR-4 mutant and the wild type mice. In addition, heat inactivated CR extract administration induced attenuated AHR and eosinophilic inflammation. CONCLUSION Endotoxin in CR extracts may not be essential to the development of airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Seob Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seou, Korea
| | - Jung-Ho Sohn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seou, Korea
- Department of Life Science, Biomedical Research Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo-Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seou, Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seou, Korea
| | - Sang-Heon Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Jong Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo-Shil Lee
- Center for Immunology and Pathology, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongwon, Korea
| | - Chein-Soo Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seou, Korea
| | - Jung-Won Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seou, Korea
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Thaikoottathil JV, Martin RJ, Di PY, Minor M, Case S, Zhang B, Zhang G, Huang H, Chu HW. SPLUNC1 deficiency enhances airway eosinophilic inflammation in mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2012; 47:253-60. [PMID: 22499853 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0064oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Short palate, lung and nasal epithelium clone 1 (SPLUNC1) is enriched in normal airway lining fluid, but is significantly reduced in airway epithelium exposed to a Th2 cytokine milieu. The role of SPLUNC1 in modulating airway allergic inflammation (e.g., eosinophils) remains unknown. We used SPLUNC1 knockout (KO) and littermate wild-type (C57BL/6 background) mice and recombinant SPLUNC1 protein to determine the impact of SPLUNC1 on airway allergic/eosinophilic inflammation, and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. An acute ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and challenge protocol was used to induce murine airway allergic inflammation (e.g., eosinophils, eotaxin-2, and Th2 cytokines). Our results showed that SPLUNC1 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of OVA-challenged wild-type mice was significantly reduced (P < 0.05), which was negatively correlated with levels of lung eosinophilic inflammation. Moreover, SPLUNC1 KO mice demonstrated significantly higher numbers of eosinophils in the lung after OVA challenges than did wild-type mice. Alveolar macrophages isolated from OVA-challenged SPLUNC1 KO versus wild-type mice had higher concentrations of baseline eotaxin-2 that was amplified by LPS (a known risk factor for exacerbating asthma). Human recombinant SPLUNC1 protein was applied to alveolar macrophages to study the regulation of eotaxin-2 in the context of Th2 cytokine and LPS stimulation. Recombinant SPLUNC1 protein attenuated LPS-induced eotaxin-2 production in Th2 cytokine-pretreated murine macrophages. These findings demonstrate that SPLUNC1 inhibits airway eosinophilic inflammation in allergic mice, in part by reducing eotaxin-2 production in alveolar macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti V Thaikoottathil
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
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May S, Romberger DJ, Poole JA. Respiratory health effects of large animal farming environments. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2012; 15:524-41. [PMID: 23199220 PMCID: PMC4001716 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2012.744288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
With increases in large animal-feeding operations to meet consumer demand, adverse upper and lower respiratory health effects in exposed agriculture workers are a concern. The aim of this study was to review large animal confinement feeding operational exposures associated with respiratory disease with a focus on recent advances in the knowledge of causative factors and cellular and immunological mechanisms. A PubMed search was conducted with the keywords airway, farm, swine, dairy, horse, cattle inflammation, organic dust, endotoxin, and peptidoglycan, among items were published between 1980 and now. Articles were selected based on their relevance to environmental exposure and reference to airway diseases. Airway diseases included rhinitis, sinusitis, mucus membrane inflammation syndrome, asthma, chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and organic dust toxic syndrome. There is lower prevalence of immunoglobulin (Ig) E-mediated asthma and atopy in farmers and their children, but organic dust worsens existing asthma. Multiple etiologic factors are linked to disease, including allergens, organic dusts, endotoxins, peptidoglycans, and gases. Large animal confinement feeding operations contain a wide diversity of microbes with increasing focus on gram-positive bacteria and archaebacteria as opposed to gram-negative bacteria in mediating disease. Toll-like receptors (TLR) and nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)-like innate immune pathways respond to these exposures. Finally, a chronic inflammatory adaptation, tolerance-like response in chronically exposed workers occurs. Large animal confinement farming exposures produce a wide spectrum of upper and lower respiratory tract diseases due to the complex diversity of organic dust, particulates, microbial cell wall components, and gases and resultant activation of various innate immune receptor signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara May
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division; Department of Internal Medicine,; University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985300 The Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5300
| | - Debra J. Romberger
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division; Department of Internal Medicine,; University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985300 The Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5300
- Veterans Administration Nebraska Western Iowa Healthcare System, Omaha, NE, 4101 Woolworth Ave., 68105
| | - Jill A. Poole
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division; Department of Internal Medicine,; University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985300 The Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5300
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Regulatory role of antigen-induced interleukin-10, produced by CD4(+) T cells, in airway neutrophilia in a murine model for asthma. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 677:154-62. [PMID: 22209878 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
It has been suggested that interleukin (IL)-10 exerts immunosuppressive effects on allergic inflammation, including asthma, mainly through inhibition of Th2 cell-mediated eosinophilic airway inflammation. In a model of experimental asthma utilizing multiple intratracheal antigen challenges in sensitized mice, IL-10 production as well as eosinophilia and neutrophilia in the lung were induced by the multiple challenges. In this study, we set out to reveal the cellular source of endogenously produced IL-10, and the roles of IL-10 in airway leukocyte inflammation using an anti-IL-10 receptor monoclonal antibody. Balb/c mice were sensitized i.p. with ovalbumin+Al(OH)(3), and then challenged by intratracheal administration of ovalbumin 4 times. Flow cytometric analyses revealed that the cellular source of IL-10 was CD4(+) T cells lacking the transcription factor, forkhead box P3. Treatment with anti-IL-10 receptor monoclonal antibody prior to the 4th challenge significantly augmented airway neutrophilia as well as the production of IL-1β, and CXC chemokines, keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC) and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2, but not airway eosinophilia, Th2 cytokine (IL-4 and IL-5) production, or a late-phase increase in specific airway resistance. Approximately 40% of IL-10 receptor(+) cells expressed the macrophage marker F4/80, whereas only 3-4% of the IL-10 receptor(+) cells were granulocyte differentiation antigen (Gr)-1(high) cells (neutrophils). In conclusion, multiple airway antigen challenges induced the proliferation of IL-10-expressing CD4(+) T cells in regulating airway neutrophilia. Systemic blockade of IL-10 function coincided with increases in IL-1β and CXC chemokines. Thus, IL-1β and CXC chemokines may be targets for development of novel pharmacotherapy for neutrophilic asthma.
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Lawson JA, Dosman JA, Rennie DC, Beach J, Newman SC, Senthilselvan A. The association between endotoxin and lung function among children and adolescents living in a rural area. Can Respir J 2011; 18:e89-94. [PMID: 22187693 PMCID: PMC3267627 DOI: 10.1155/2011/290261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND⁄ OBJECTIVES Knowledge of the effects of domestic endotoxin on children's lung function is limited. The association between domestic endotoxin and asthma or wheeze and lung function among school-age children (six to 18 years of age) was examined. The interaction between endotoxin and other personal and environmental characteristics and lung function was also assessed. METHODS A case-control study was conducted in and around the rural community of Humboldt, Saskatchewan, between 2005 and 2007. Parents of cases reported either doctor-diagnosed asthma or wheeze in the previous year. Controls were randomly selected from those not reporting these conditions. Data were collected by questionnaire to ascertain symptoms and conditions, while spirometry was used to measure lung function including forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 s. Dust collected from the child's play area floor and the child's mattress was used to quantify endotoxin, and saliva was collected to quantify cotinine levels and assess tobacco smoke exposure. RESULTS There were 102 cases and 207 controls included in the present study. Lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s was associated with higher mattress endotoxin load among female cases (beta=-0.25, SE=0.07 [P<0.01]). There was a trend toward lower forced vital capacity, which was associated with higher play area endotoxin load among cases with high tobacco smoke exposure (beta=-0.17, SE=0.09 [P<0.10]). CONCLUSIONS Findings indicated that high endotoxin levels present in common household areas of rural children with asthma or wheeze may also affect their lung function. These associations may be potentiated by tobacco smoke exposure and female sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Lawson
- Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
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Peden DB. The role of oxidative stress and innate immunity in O(3) and endotoxin-induced human allergic airway disease. Immunol Rev 2011; 242:91-105. [PMID: 21682740 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2011.01035.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ozone (O(3)) and endotoxin are common environmental contaminants that cause asthma exacerbation. These pollutants have similar phenotype response characteristics, including induction of neutrophilic inflammation, changes in airway macrophage immunophenotypes, and ability to enhance response to inhaled allergen. Evoked phenotyping studies of volunteers exposed to O(3) and endotoxin were used to identify the response characteristics of volunteers to these pollutants. New studies support the hypotheses that similar innate immune and oxidant processes modulate response to these agents. These include TLR4 and inflammasome-mediated signaling and cytokine production. Innate immune responses are also impacted by oxidative stress. It is likely that continued discovery of common molecular processes which modulate response to these pollutants will occur. Understanding the pathways that modulate response to pollutants will also allow for discovery of genetic and epigenetic factors that regulate response to these pollutants and determine risk of disease exacerbation. Additionally, defining the mechanisms of response will allow rational selection of interventions to examine. Interventions focused on inhibition of Toll-like receptor 4 and inflammasome represent promising new approaches to preventing pollutant-induced asthma exacerbations. Such interventions include specific inhibitors of innate immunity and antioxidant therapies designed to counter the effects of pollutants on cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Peden
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Okamoto M, Takeda K, Lucas JJ, Joetham A, Yasutomo K, Gelfand EW. Low-dose lipopolysaccharide affects lung allergic responses by regulating Jagged1 expression on antigen-pulsed dendritic cells. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2011; 157:65-72. [PMID: 21912175 PMCID: PMC3180653 DOI: 10.1159/000324836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Notch signaling pathways govern immune function and the regulation of Th1 and Th2 differentiation. We previously demonstrated essential interactions between Notch on CD4+ T cells and Jagged1 on antigen-presenting cells in Th2 differentiation for the full development of allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and allergic airway inflammation. METHODS Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) were differentiated and incubated with different preparations of ovalbumin (OVA), including lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-depleted and LPS-spiked preparations. In some experiments recipient mice also received soluble Jagged1-Fc in addition to allergen-pulsed BMDCs. Ten days following transfer of BMDCs, mice were exposed to three airway challenges with OVA, and airway responsiveness to inhaled methacholine, airway inflammation and cytokine production were monitored 48 h later. Notch ligand expression was assessed by real-time PCR. RESULTS Induction of Jagged1 expression on antigen-pulsed BMDCs was dependent on low-dose endotoxin. In vivo, transfer of endotoxin-free, antigen-pulsed BMDCs failed to induce AHR or airway eosinophilia on allergen challenge. However, administration of exogenous Jagged1-Fc together with endotoxin-free, allergen-pulsed BMDCs fully restored the responses to allergen challenge. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that LPS regulates the expression of Jagged1 on BMDCs, which is essential for the full development of lung allergic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Okamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cell Biology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo., USA
| | - Katsuyuki Takeda
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cell Biology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo., USA
| | - Joseph J. Lucas
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cell Biology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo., USA
| | - Anthony Joetham
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cell Biology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo., USA
| | - Koji Yasutomo
- Department of Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Erwin W. Gelfand
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cell Biology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo., USA
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Bjornsdottir US, Holgate ST, Reddy PS, Hill AA, McKee CM, Csimma CI, Weaver AA, Legault HM, Small CG, Ramsey RC, Ellis DK, Burke CM, Thompson PJ, Howarth PH, Wardlaw AJ, Bardin PG, Bernstein DI, Irving LB, Chupp GL, Bensch GW, Bensch GW, Stahlman JE, Karetzky M, Baker JW, Miller RL, Goodman BH, Raible DG, Goldman SJ, Miller DK, Ryan JL, Dorner AJ, Immermann FW, O'Toole M. Pathways activated during human asthma exacerbation as revealed by gene expression patterns in blood. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21902. [PMID: 21779351 PMCID: PMC3136489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma exacerbations remain a major unmet clinical need. The difficulty in obtaining airway tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage samples during exacerbations has greatly hampered study of naturally occurring exacerbations. This study was conducted to determine if mRNA profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) could provide information on the systemic molecular pathways involved during asthma exacerbations. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Over the course of one year, gene expression levels during stable asthma, exacerbation, and two weeks after an exacerbation were compared using oligonucleotide arrays. For each of 118 subjects who experienced at least one asthma exacerbation, the gene expression patterns in a sample of peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected during an exacerbation episode were compared to patterns observed in multiple samples from the same subject collected during quiescent asthma. Analysis of covariance identified genes whose levels of expression changed during exacerbations and returned to quiescent levels by two weeks. Heterogeneity among visits in expression profiles was examined using K-means clustering. Three distinct exacerbation-associated gene expression signatures were identified. One signature indicated that, even among patients without symptoms of respiratory infection, genes of innate immunity were activated. Antigen-independent T cell activation mediated by IL15 was also indicated by this signature. A second signature revealed strong evidence of lymphocyte activation through antigen receptors and subsequent downstream events of adaptive immunity. The number of genes identified in the third signature was too few to draw conclusions on the mechanisms driving those exacerbations. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE This study has shown that analysis of PBMCs reveals systemic changes accompanying asthma exacerbation and has laid the foundation for future comparative studies using PBMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unnur S. Bjornsdottir
- Department of Allergy/Clinical Immunology, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Stephen T. Holgate
- University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (MOT); (STH)
| | | | - Andrew A. Hill
- Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | | | - Amy A. Weaver
- Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Holly M. Legault
- Wyeth Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United Sates of America
| | - Clayton G. Small
- Wyeth Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United Sates of America
| | | | - Debra K. Ellis
- Wyeth Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United Sates of America
| | | | - Philip J. Thompson
- Lung Institute of WA and Centre for Asthma, Allergy & Respiratory Research, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | | | | | | | - David I. Bernstein
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | | | - Geoffrey L. Chupp
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - George W. Bensch
- Bensch Clinical Research, Stockton, California, United States of America
| | - Gregory W. Bensch
- Bensch Clinical Research, Stockton, California, United States of America
| | - Jon E. Stahlman
- Allergy and Asthma Center, Conyers, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Monroe Karetzky
- Newark Beth Israel Medical Center, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - James W. Baker
- Baker Allergy, Asthma and Dermatology, Lake Oswego, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Rachel L. Miller
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Brad H. Goodman
- Coastal Allergy and Asthma, Savannah, Georgia, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - John L. Ryan
- Wyeth Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United Sates of America
| | - Andrew J. Dorner
- Wyeth Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United Sates of America
| | | | - Margot O'Toole
- Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MOT); (STH)
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Abstract
Common lung diseases such as asthma, COPD, and pulmonary fibrosis cause significant morbidity and mortality in the U.S. and worldwide. Research investigating the mechanisms of disease etiology has clearly indicated that genetic attributes and environmental exposures each play important roles in the development of these diseases. Emerging evidence underscores the importance of the interplay between genetic predisposition and environmental factors in fully understanding the development of lung disease. Herein we discuss recent advances in knowledge and technology surrounding the role of genetics, the environment, and gene-environment interactions in these common lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max A Seibold
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA.
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Guizani M, Kato H, Funamizu N. Assessing the removal potential of soil-aquifer treatment system (soil column) for endotoxin. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING : JEM 2011; 13:1716-22. [PMID: 21566853 DOI: 10.1039/c1em10071h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Soil-aquifer treatment (SAT) of wastewater is an increasingly valued practice for replenishing aquifers due to ease of operation and low maintenance needs and therefore low cost. In this study, we investigated the fate of endotoxins through laboratory-scale SAT soil columns over a four month period. The effluent of rapid sand filtration was run through the columns under gravity flow conditions. Four SAT columns were packed with four different filter materials (fine sand, medium sand, coarse sand and very coarse sand). The effluent of rapid sand filtration (average dissolved organic carbon (DOC) = 4 mg l(-1) and average endotoxin concentration = 4 EU ml(-1)) was collected from a domestic wastewater treatment plant in Sapporo, Japan. DOC removal ranged from 12.5% to greater than 22.5% during the study, with DOC levels averaging 3.1 and 3.5 mg l(-1) for the SAT columns packed with different soils. Endotoxin transformation exhibited different profiles, depending on the time and soil type. Reduction in endotoxin concentration averaged 64.3% and was as high as 86.7% across the soil columns 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. While DOC removal was gradual, the reductions in endotoxin levels were rather rapid and most of the removal was achieved in the top layers. Soil with a larger grain size had lower efficiency in removing endotoxin. Tests were performed to evaluate the transformation of organic matter showing endotoxicity and to determine the mechanisms responsible for changes in the structural and size properties of dissolved organic matter (OM) during SAT. Dissolved OM was fractionated using Sep-Pack C18 Cartridges into hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractions. Dialysis tubes with different molecular weight cut-offs were used to perform size fractions of OM showing endotoxicity. Evaluation of the transformation of organic matter showing endotoxicity during SAT indicated that both hydrophobic and large molecules were reduced. Moreover, experimental findings showed that adsorption test data fit to the Freundlich isotherm and were affected by the particle grain size with higher adsorption capacity for fine and medium sand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mokhtar Guizani
- Environmental Engineering Department, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan.
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Lawson JA, Dosman JA, Rennie DC, Beach J, Newman SC, Senthilselvan A. Relationship of endotoxin and tobacco smoke exposure to wheeze and diurnal peak expiratory flow variability in children and adolescents. Respirology 2011; 16:332-9. [PMID: 21138498 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2010.01911.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The relationship between endotoxin exposure and asthma severity (wheeze and airways obstruction) is not well described. The effects of endotoxin and tobacco smoke exposure on self-reported wheeze and diurnal PEF variability (DV-PEF) were examined in children aged 6-18 years with asthma or wheeze. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed in a rural area. From this study, children who reported wheeze in the previous 12 months or a physician diagnosis of asthma (n = 98) were selected for a case-control study. These subjects, who were the basis for the present analysis, completed: (i) a home environmental assessment, including dust collection to measure endotoxin levels: (ii) a clinic visit, including saliva collection to measure cotinine levels; and (iii) 2 week monitoring of twice daily symptom records, including wheeze, and PEF to calculate DV-PEF. RESULTS Among these children, 22.4% reported wheeze during the monitoring period. Greater DV-PEF was associated with higher endotoxin loads in play areas (P < 0.05). The association between salivary cotinine levels and high DV-PEF was modified by gender. In females, higher cotinine levels were associated with an increased risk of high DV-PEF compared with lower cotinine levels (P < 0.05), but this was not observed among males. CONCLUSIONS Higher endotoxin exposure was associated with greater DV-PEF among children with asthma or wheeze. While previous studies have suggested that endotoxin exposure protects against the development of asthma, individuals with the disease should avoid high exposure levels to limit exacerbations. The effect of tobacco smoke exposure on lung health may differ between male and female children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Lawson
- Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture, Department of Medicine College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
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