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Kang TL, Huo HF, Xiang H. Dynamics and optimal control of tuberculosis model with the combined effects of vaccination, treatment and contaminated environments. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2024; 21:5308-5334. [PMID: 38872537 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2024234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis has affected human beings for thousands of years, and until today, tuberculosis still ranks third among 29 infectious diseases in China. However, most of the existing mathematical models consider a single factor, which is not conducive to the study of tuberculosis transmission dynamics. Therefore, this study considers the combined effects of vaccination, treatment, and contaminated environments on tuberculosis, and builds a new model with seven compartments of $ SVEITRW $ based on China's tuberculosis data. The study shows that when the basic reproduction number $ R_{0} $ is less than 1, the disease will eventually disappear, but when $ R_{0} $ is greater than 1, the disease may persist. In the numerical analysis part, we use Markov-chain Monte-Carlo method to obtain the optimal parameters of the model. Through the next generation matrix theory, we calculate that the $ R_{0} $ value of tuberculosis in China is $ 2.1102 $, that is, if not controlled, tuberculosis in China will not disappear over time. At the same time, through partial rank correlation coefficients, we find the most sensitive parameter to the basic reproduction number $ R_{0} $. On this basis, we combine the actual prevalence of tuberculosis in China, apply Pontryagin's maximum principle, and perform cost-effectiveness analysis to obtain the conditions required for optimal control. The analysis shows that four control strategies could effectively reduce the prevalence of TB, and simultaneously controlling $ u_{2}, u_{3}, u_{4} $ is the most cost-effective control strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao-Li Kang
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Hai-Feng Huo
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Department of Mathematics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Hong Xiang
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
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Mustajoki M, Eriksson JG, Forsén T. Health behaviour among bilingual Swedish speaking patients in the Finnish healthcare setting. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:4045-4052. [PMID: 33110808 PMCID: PMC7586555 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_317_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We assessed the prevalence and consequences of discordant language communication between bilingual Swedish speaking emergency patients and general practitioners (GPs) in Finnish healthcare. We compared the results with Finnish speaking emergency patients provided with language concordant healthcare. MATERIALS AND METHODS A researcher-designed questionnaire was used to collect data about both Swedish and Finnish speaking emergency patients' health and socioeconomic status, reason for emergency visits and use of healthcare. Furthermore, the Swedish speakers' nonnative language proficiency and preferred communication language were examined. The study was performed in 16 healthcare centers and outpatient departments in bilingual regions in Finland. RESULTS The Swedish speakers (n = 139) visited healthcare centers less than the Finnish speakers (n = 736) (P = 0.001) and communicated less frequently with the GP in their native language (P < 0.001). The Swedish speakers more often planned to revisit their assigned GP (P < 0.001) after the emergency visit. No differences in health conditions and socioeconomic status between the language groups were observed. CONCLUSION Although Swedish and Finnish speaking emergency patients report a similar prevalence of chronic noncommunicable diseases, Swedish speakers make fewer annual visits to a physician. We suggest that discordant language communication might relate to decreased healthcare visits among bilingual Swedish speaking emergency patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Mustajoki
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johan G. Eriksson
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tom Forsén
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Ahmed S, Salim H, Steed L, Pinnock H. Blue inhalers: blowing hot and cold. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med 2017; 27:6. [PMID: 28138131 PMCID: PMC5434783 DOI: 10.1038/s41533-016-0008-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Salina Ahmed
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Hani Salim
- Department of Family Medicine, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Liz Steed
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - Hilary Pinnock
- Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Usher Institute of Population Health and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Leong AB, Ramsey CD, Celedón JC. The challenge of asthma in minority populations. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2013; 43:156-83. [PMID: 21538075 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-011-8263-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The burden and disparity of asthma in race/ethnic minorities present a significant challenge. In this review, we will evaluate data on asthma epidemiology in minorities, examine potential reasons for asthma disparities, and discuss strategies of intervention and culturally sensitive care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albin B Leong
- Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy, Roseville Kaiser Medical Center, 1600 Eureka Road, Roseville, CA 95661, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine ethnic and site differences in quality of life (QOL) in a sample of Latino (Puerto Rican [PR] and Dominican) and non-Latino white caregivers of children with asthma in mainland US and Island PR. We also investigated ethnic and site differences in associations between caregiver QOL and indicators of asthma morbidity. METHOD Seven hundred and eighty-seven children with asthma (7-16 years of age) and their primary caregivers participated in the study. Primary caregivers completed a measure of QOL, child asthma control, and emergency department utilization, among other measures. RESULTS Ethnic and site differences were found on total QOL scores (ΔF(1,783) = 29.46, p < .001). Island PR caregivers reported worse QOL scores than Rhode Island (Rl) Latino and non-Latino white caregivers; Rl Latino caregivers reported significantly worse QOL scores than non-Latino white caregivers. In Rl Latino and Island PR children, worse caregiver QOL was associated with asthma that was not in control and with one or more emergency department visits. CONCLUSION Latino caregivers may be experiencing a greater level of burden related to their child's asthma than non-Latino white caregivers. Caregiver QOL in pediatric asthma may be a reflection of broader contextual stress that some Latino caregivers experience on a daily basis (e.g., cultural beliefs, acculturation). Future research should continue to investigate mechanisms that explain the burden associated with pediatric asthma in Latino families, as well as whether QOL assessments should consider the impact of everyday stressors on caregiver QOL in pediatric asthma.
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McQuaid EL, Everhart RS, Seifer R, Kopel SJ, Mitchell DK, Klein RB, Esteban CA, Fritz GK, Canino G. Medication adherence among Latino and non-Latino white children with asthma. Pediatrics 2012; 129:e1404-10. [PMID: 22566417 PMCID: PMC3362901 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2011-1391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Latino children of Caribbean descent remain at high risk for poorly controlled asthma. Controller medications improve asthma control; however, medication adherence remains suboptimal, particularly among minorities. This study assessed socioeconomic, family-based, and parent factors in medication adherence among children with asthma from Rhode Island (RI; Latino and non-Latino white [NLW]) and Puerto Rico. METHODS Data collection occurred as part of a multicenter study of asthma disparities. Our sample included children (ages 7-16) prescribed objectively monitored controller medications (n = 277; 80 island Puerto Rico, 114 RI Latino, 83 RI NLW). Parents completed questionnaires regarding family background and beliefs about medications. Families participated in an interview regarding asthma management. Multilevel analyses (maximum likelihood estimates) accounting for children being nested within site and ethnic group assessed the contribution of social context, family, and parent variables to medication adherence. RESULTS Medication adherence differed by ethnic group (F(2, 271) = 7.46, P < .01), with NLW families demonstrating the highest levels of adherence. Multilevel models indicated that parental beliefs about medication necessity and family organization regarding medication use were significant predictors of adherence, even for families below the poverty threshold. With family factors in the model, a substantial improvement in model fit occurred (Akaike Information Criterion change of 103.45). CONCLUSIONS Adherence to controller medications was lower among Latino children in our sample. Targeted interventions that capitalize on existing family resources, emphasize structure, and address parental beliefs about the importance of medications may be of benefit to families from different cultural backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Robert B. Klein
- Hasbro Children’s Hospital/Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; and
| | - Cynthia A. Esteban
- Hasbro Children’s Hospital/Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; and
| | | | - Glorisa Canino
- Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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Kennedy J, Wang CC, Wu CH. Patient Disclosure about Herb and Supplement Use among Adults in the US. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2008; 5:451-6. [PMID: 18955213 PMCID: PMC2586312 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nem045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2006] [Accepted: 04/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Analyses of 2002 National Health Interview supplement on complementary and alternative medicine (NHI%AM) indicate that approximately 38 million adults in the US (18.9% of the population) used natural herbs or supplements in the preceding 12 months, but only one-third told their physician about this use. The objectives of this study are: (i) to determine subpopulation rates of patient-physician communication about herbal product and natural supplement use and (ii) to identify the relative influence of patient factors and interaction factors associated with patient-physician communication about herb and supplement use. Logistic secondary analysis was done by using the complementary and alternative medicine supplement of the 2002 National Health Interview Survey. Subjects were a random stratified sample of US adults who used herbs in the past 12 months (n = 5 196) and self-reported rates of disclosure to physicians about herb and supplement use. Results show that disclosure rates were significantly lower for males, younger adults, racial and ethnic minorities and less intensive users of medical care. Across subpopulations, disclosure was the exception rather than the norm. Given the potential risks of delayed or inappropriate treatment and adverse drug reactions and interactions, physicians should be aware of herb and supplement use and counsel patients on the potential risks and benefits of these treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Kennedy
- Department of Health Policy and Administration, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, PO Box 1495, Spokane, WA 99210-1495. E-
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Silk HJ, Weber CM. A Cultural Home Visit Training Experience in Medical School. HOME HEALTH CARE MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE 2008. [DOI: 10.1177/1084822307310764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Home visits are an important aspect of the art and science of medicine. The home visit experience during the third year family medicine clerkship at the University of Connecticut School of Medicine is designed to help students gain a richer understanding of where patients “are calling from” to quote the American writer Raymond Carver. It challenges them to enhance their appreciation of the cultural diversity of patients and how a broadly defined culture affects their health. Students conduct a home visit, post reflections of the visit online for their colleagues and mentors to read, and participate in an end of rotation wrap-up discussion. The results show an improvement in student knowledge, confirmation that the experience is useful, and that students appreciate the provided resources. Furthermore, students discover that information gained in a home visit is vastly more relevant and succinct than that gained in an office setting.
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Cabana MD, Lara M, Shannon J. Racial and ethnic disparities in the quality of asthma care. Chest 2008; 132:810S-817S. [PMID: 17998345 DOI: 10.1378/chest.07-1910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Racial and ethnic disparities in the quality of asthma care have been well documented in the United States. There are multiple factors associated with such disparities in asthma care, including structural barriers (eg, ability to access the health-care system), process-of-care barriers (eg, ability to navigate the health-care system), and process-of-care barriers at the interpersonal level (eg, ability to work effectively with a health-care provider) for equitable, quality asthma care. This article summarizes these issues and identifies specific areas for future investigation. At a health-systems level, further work is needed to understand how medical care financing arrangements may or may not be contributing to racial and ethnic disparities in asthma care, as well as how specific organizational initiatives can address these issues. Research needs at the patient/provider level include defining the content and methods for disseminating issues regarding cultural competency to health-care providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Cabana
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 3333 California St, Suite 245, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
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Horky SC, Kleinman SH, Firth DG. A Comparison of Parent And Provider Beliefs about Asthma in Children. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1089/pai.2005.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Larson JL, Ahijevych K, Gift A, Hoffman L, Janson SL, Lanuza DM, Leidy NK, Meek P, Roberts J, Weaver T, Yoos HL. American Thoracic Society statement on research priorities in respiratory nursing. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006; 174:471-8. [PMID: 16894018 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200409-1300st] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Abstract
The Institute of Medicine's 2002 Report on Unequal Treatment calls attention to disparities in health care and proposes corrective steps. Proposed actions included improvement in cross-cultural skills among providers. This article highlights evidence for unequal treatment, and delineates current medical educational efforts aimed at improving cultural competence. Improvement is needed in the uniform adoption of cultural competence curricula and focus needs to be placed on its impact through outcomes research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute W Rosa
- Pulmonary Division, SUNY Downstate at Long Island College Hospital, 339 Hicks Street, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA.
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Abstract
Asthma is one of the most common respiratory diseases, with immense social impact. Despite best efforts, asthma prevalence, morbidity, and mortality are increasing in the United States. This is especially the case in select communities which suffer an excess burden of asthma. Studying these groups and attempting to ameliorate the disease burden they suffer has an important moral and social imperative. It also may lend important insight into the complex factors that contribute to asthma outcomes. The factors that affect asthma interact in a complicated manner and require a comprehensive approach that addresses each of them. However, pursuing health disparities research is controversial, and important ethical and operative considerations need to be made by those to engage in health disparities research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Shanawani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 3916 Taubman Box 0360, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0360, USA.
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Simon C, Zyzanski SJ, Eder M, Raiz P, Kodish ED, Siminoff LA. Groups potentially at risk for making poorly informed decisions about entry into clinical trials for childhood cancer. J Clin Oncol 2003; 21:2173-8. [PMID: 12775743 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2003.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Some patients may be at greater risk than others of enrolling on a randomized clinical trial (RCT) without fully understanding the implications. To investigate this possibility, this study poses the question, Do non-English-speaking Latino parents of children with leukemia show differences in their discussion of and understanding of an RCT when compared with English-speaking minority parents and with English-speaking majority (ie, white) parents? This research hypothesizes that factors such as social and educational status and the role of language interpreters may account for significant differences in the discussion and understanding of an RCT among the three groups. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 108 parents are reported on, all of whom were observed, interviewed, and audiotaped during informed-consent discussions about participation in an RCT with their child's oncologist. Comparisons among the groups were performed using chi2 tests and a one-way analysis of variance. RESULTS Problems of consent-related communication and understanding were more frequent among parents of low social status who spoke little or no English than they were in the two other groups. Several factors may have contributed to this disparity, including language interpretation, social status, and prevailing cultural norms. CONCLUSION Some patients may be at greater risk than others of enrolling on an RCT without fully understanding the implications of their decision to do so. Numerous factors may contribute to this disparity, including language interpretation, social status, and prevailing cultural norms. Some specific strategies are suggested to help address this disparity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Simon
- Rainbow Center for Pediatric Ethics, Department of Pediatrics, and Rainbow Babies' and Children's Hospital of University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Abstract
Emerging methods in the measurement of race and ethnicity have important implications for the field of public health. Traditionally, information on race and/or ethnicity has been integral to our understanding of the health issues affecting the U.S. population. We review some of the complexities created by new classification approaches made possible by the inclusion of multiple-race assessment in the U.S. Census and large health surveys. We discuss the importance of these classification decisions in understanding racial/ethnic health and health care access disparities. The trend toward increasing racial and ethnic diversity in the United States will put further pressure on the public health industry to develop consistent and useful approaches to racial/ethnic classifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vickie M. Mays
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Box 951563, Los Angeles, California 90095-1563;
| | - Ninez A. Ponce
- Department of Health Services, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California 90095-1772;
| | - Donna L. Washington
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs, Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 11301 Wilshire Boulevard, 111G, Room 3242, Los Angeles, California 90073;
| | - Susan D. Cochran
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Public Health, California 90095-1772;
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