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Liu S, El-Angbawi A, Ji R, Rosa V, Silikas N. Optical effects of graphene addition on adhesives for orthodontic lingual retainers. Eur J Oral Sci 2024; 132:e12966. [PMID: 38062539 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effects on the colour of adding increasing concentrations of graphene to orthodontic fixed retainer adhesives and to evaluate changes in optical transmission during light curing and the resultant degree of conversion. Two different types of adhesives commonly used for fixed retainers were investigated: A packable composite (Transbond) and a flowable composite (Transbond Supreme). Graphene was added to the adhesives in three different concentrations (0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 wt%). Adhesives without graphene addition were set as control groups. A Minolta colourimeter was used to measure the colour and translucency parameters. Irradiance transmitted during curing was quantified using MARC Light Collector. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was used to record degree of conversion. Data were statistically analysed with the Student's t-test and one-way ANOVA with Tukey's tests (α = 0.05). The findings showed that incorporating graphene darkened the adhesive colour significantly and reduced translucency. As the graphene concentration reached 0.1 wt%, samples became opaque; yet, no adverse effect on degree of conversion was observed. The addition of graphene reduces optical transmission of lingual retainer adhesives; the effect increases with graphene concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyao Liu
- Dentistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Ruidong Ji
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Vinicius Rosa
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Oral Care Health Innovations and Designs Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nick Silikas
- Dentistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Sowmya C, Brahmini P, Thimmaiah MK, Thakkar R, Kumar S, Naik MK. Evaluation of Bond Strength and Adhesive Remnant Index of Different Lingual Retainers in Human Incisor Teeth. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2024; 16:S276-S278. [PMID: 38595395 PMCID: PMC11000966 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_491_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to evaluate and compare the bond strengths of four different lingual retainers and assess the adhesive remnant index (ARI) to determine their effectiveness in orthodontic retention. Methodology Eighty human incisor teeth were divided into four groups, with each group bonded using a different retainer: Group 1 (E-Glass retainer), Group 2 (0.017" Co-axial stainless steel wire), Group 3 (Splint C.T. fiber mesh), and Group 4 (0.010" stainless steel ligature wire). Bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine, and ARI scores were recorded to assess bond failure types. Results Group 1 (E-Glass retainer) demonstrated the highest bond strength, followed by Group 3 (Splint C.T. fiber mesh), Group 2 (Co-axial stainless steel wire), and Group 4 (stainless steel ligature wire). Cohesive bond failures were observed in most groups, except for the co-axial stainless steel wire group, which exhibited adhesive failures. Conclusion E-Glass fiber-reinforced retainers showed the highest bond strength, making them a promising alternative to conventional stainless steel wires for orthodontic retention, especially in patients with esthetic concerns or nickel hypersensitivity. Stainless steel retainer groups exhibited lower bond strengths, and cohesive bond failures were prevalent. Further research is needed to validate these findings in clinical settings and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of different lingual retainers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherukupalli Sowmya
- Department of Orthodontics, Panineeya Dental College and Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Puthamakula Brahmini
- Department of Orthodontics, Panineeya Dental College and Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Manjula K. Thimmaiah
- Department of Orthodontics, Sri Siddhartha Dental College and Hospital, Tumkur, Karnataka, India
| | - Radhika Thakkar
- BDS, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Dental Institute, RIMS Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Moode K. Naik
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Government Dental College and Hospital, ESI Road, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Shear Bond Strength of Four Types of Orthodontic Retainers after Thermocycling and Cyclic Loading. Int J Dent 2021; 2021:9424040. [PMID: 34306084 PMCID: PMC8266467 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9424040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study assessed the shear bond strength (SBS) of four types of orthodontic retainers after thermocycling and cyclic loading. Materials and Methods This in vitro, experimental study evaluated 120 extracted mandibular central and lateral incisors. The teeth were mounted in acrylic resin blocks in sets of three, such that the interdental contacts and positioning of the teeth resembled the dental arch. The acrylic blocks were divided into four groups (n = 10) for the use of 0.016 × 0.022-inch Bond-A-Braid® wire, 0.0195-inch twisted wire, 0.0175-inch coaxial wire, and 0.038 × 0.016-inch Ortho-Flex Tech® wire, as retainers. The retainers were bonded to the lingual surface of the teeth with Transbond XT adhesive in all groups, and the specimens underwent thermocycling and cyclic loading (125,000 load cycles applied to the incisal edge of the incisor tooth in the middle, simulating 6 months of clinical service). Any fracture in the process of aging was recorded. The teeth were then subjected to vertical loads applied along their occlusoapical axis in a universal testing machine to determine the SBS in Newtons. The adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were also determined. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, the Monte Carlo chi-square test, and the Kruskal–Wallis test. Results Thermocycling and cyclic loading did not cause degradation or fracture of the retainers. The SBS and ARI scores of the four groups were not significantly different (P > 0.05). Conclusion The SBS of retainers with flat rectangular-shaped cross-section was similar to that of retainers with a round cross-section; thus, they have no superiority over each other in this respect.
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Scribante A, Gallo S, Turcato B, Trovati F, Gandini P, Sfondrini MF. Fear of the Relapse: Effect of Composite Type on Adhesion Efficacy of Upper and Lower Orthodontic Fixed Retainers: In Vitro Investigation and Randomized Clinical Trial. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12040963. [PMID: 32326201 PMCID: PMC7240513 DOI: 10.3390/polym12040963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this laboratory and clinical study is to determine the reliability of the flowable nanocomposite Filtek Supreme XTE (FL) for the adhesion of orthodontic retainers, compared to highly filled orthodontic resin Transbond XT (XT). Portions of a round section multistranded wire (Ortosmail Krugg) were bonded to 40 bovine incisors with Scotchbond Universal in total-etch modality. For group one (XT, 20 samples), the orthodontic resin was used, whereas in group two (FL, 20 samples), the flowable one. Specimens were placed into a universal testing machine which applied a shear force on retainers with a crosshead speed of one/minute. Shear bond strength (SBS) and adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were calculated. In the clinical trial, 100 patients requiring a canine-to-canine palatal and lingual retainer were randomly divided into two groups, according to the resin used for bonding procedure: the orthodontic in group one (XT, 50 participants) and the flowable in group two (FL, 50 participants). Monthly visits were carried out over a 24-month follow up to assess any detachment occurring on teeth of both arches. All data were submitted to statistical analysis. In vitro, FL reported a significant lower mean SBS, whereas no significant differences in ARI were reported between the two groups which both showed a major frequency of scores “1” and “2”. At the end of the 24-month follow up, FL reported significantly higher failure rates in both arches besides a significantly lower survival rate starting from the sixth month after retainers bonding. According to the results assessed in vitro and clinically, XT would be preferable to FL when performing retainers bonding procedure.
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ÜSTDAL G, KÜÇÜK EB, BİLGİÇ F. Ortodontik Tedavi Sonrası Uygulanan Sabit Retansiyon Prosedürlerinde Güncel Yaklaşımlar. MUSTAFA KEMAL ÜNIVERSITESI TIP DERGISI 2018. [DOI: 10.17944/mkutfd.379488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Effet du sablage préalable sur la résistance au cisaillement de deux différents arcs de contention linguale collés. Int Orthod 2018; 16:294-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kilinç DD, Sayar G. The effect of prior sandblasting of the wire on the shear bond strength of two different types of lingual retainers. Int Orthod 2018; 16:294-303. [PMID: 29631817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of total surface sandblasting on the shear bond strength of two different retainer wires. The null hypothesis was that there is no difference in the bond strength of the two types of lingual retainer wires when they are sandblasted. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and sixty human premolar teeth were equally divided into four groups (n=40). A pair of teeth was embedded in self-curing acrylic resin and polished. Retainer wires were applied on the etched and rinsed surfaces of the teeth. Four retainers were used: group 1: braided retainer (0.010×0.028″, Ortho Technology); group 2: sandblasted braided retainer (0.010×0.028″, Ortho Technology); group 3: coaxial retainer (0.0215″ Coaxial, 3M) and group 4: sandblasted coaxial retainer (0.0215″ Coaxial, 3M). The specimens were tested using a universal test machine in shear mode with a crosshead speed of one mm/min. RESULTS One-way analysis of variance (Anova) was used to determine the significant differences among the groups. There was no significant difference (P=0.117) among the groups according to this test. CONCLUSIONS The null hypothesis was accepted. There was no statistically significant difference among the shear bond strength values of the four groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delal Dara Kilinç
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Istanbul Medipol University, 00 90 212 453 49 52, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gülşilay Sayar
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Istanbul Medipol University, 00 90 212 453 49 52, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Iliadi A, Eliades T, Silikas N, Eliades G. Development and testing of novel bisphenol A-free adhesives for lingual fixed retainer bonding. Eur J Orthod 2015; 39:1-8. [PMID: 26658921 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjv090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM To comparatively evaluate the properties of two BPA-free experimental adhesives (EXA, EXB) for lingual fixed retainer bonding versus a commercially available reference material (Transbond LR-TLR) based on BPA-compound. MATERIALS AND METHODS The experimental materials were a flowable 60 per cent glass filler-filled UEDMA/TEGDMA flowable composite (EXB) and a 70 per cent glass filler-filled paste composite with PCDMA/UEDMA/TEGDMA co-monomers. The properties tested were degree of conversion (DC%), mechanical properties (Martens hardness-MH, elastic modulus-EIT, elastic index-nIT), effect of prolonged (6 months) water storage (changes in Vickers microhardness-VHN) and pull-out strength employing a multi-stranded wire. RESULTS EXB showed the highest DC% (63.6 per cent), followed by EXA (50.5 per cent) and TRL (44.1 per cent), with all means differences being statistically significant (P < 0.05). The statistical rankings of MH (MPa) and EIT (GPa) means were TLR (76.1MPa; 17.3GPa) > EXA (53MPa; 12.9GPa) > EXB (12.9MPa; 6.7GPa), whereas for nIT, EXB (40 per cent) > EXA (34.9 per cent), TLR (33.6 per cent). All materials were affected by prolonged water storage with significant differences among them in VHN. TLR was the most affected material (ΔVHN = -11 per cent), followed by EXA (ΔVHN = -6.8 per cent) and EXB (ΔVHN = -4.2 per cent). No statistically significant differences were found in the pull-out strength testing (24-24.2 N range) and failure mode (70-77 per cent mixed). CONCLUSION Considering the differences between the two experimental materials, it may be concluded that the material containing the PCDMA/UEDMA/TEGDMA co-monomers may be used as an alternative to the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Iliadi
- *Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Athens, Greece
| | - Theodore Eliades
- **Clinic of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland,
| | - Nick Silikas
- ***Biomaterials Science Research Group, School of Dentistry, University of Manchester, UK, and
| | - George Eliades
- ****Department of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, University of Athens, Greece
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Reicheneder C, Hofrichter B, Faltermeier A, Proff P, Lippold C, Kirschneck C. Shear bond strength of different retainer wires and bonding adhesives in consideration of the pretreatment process. Head Face Med 2014; 10:51. [PMID: 25429986 PMCID: PMC4289392 DOI: 10.1186/1746-160x-10-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction We aimed to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of three different retainer wires and three different bonding adhesives in consideration of the pretreatment process of enamel surface sandblasting. Methods 400 extracted bovine incisors were divided into 10 groups of 20 paired specimens each. 10 specimens of each group were pretreated by enamel sandblasting. The retainer wires Bond-A-Braid™, GAC-Wildcat®-Twistflex and everStick®ORTHO were bonded to the teeth with the adhesives Transbond™-LR, Tetric-EvoFlow™ and Stick®FLOW and then debonded measuring the SBS. Results While sandblasting generally increased SBS for all tested combinations, the retainer wires bonded with Transbond™-LR showed the highest SBS both with and without prior sandblasting. Significantly lower SBS were found for Tetric-EvoFlow™ that were comparable to those for everStick®ORTHO. Conclusions Pretreatment of enamel surfaces by sandblasting increased the SBS of all retainer-wires. Transbond™-LR showed the best results compared to Tetric-EvoFlow™ and everStick®ORTHO, while all combinations used provided sufficient bonding strengths for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Carsten Lippold
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Muenster, Waldeyerstraße 30, 48149 Muenster, Germany.
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Factors influencing fixed retention practices in German-speaking Switzerland. J Orofac Orthop 2014; 75:446-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s00056-014-0239-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Lee IH, Lee JH, Park IY, Kim JH, Ahn JH. The effect of bonded resin surface area on the detachment force of lingual bonded fixed retainers: An in vitro study. Korean J Orthod 2014; 44:20-7. [PMID: 24511512 PMCID: PMC3915172 DOI: 10.4041/kjod.2014.44.1.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aims of this study were to evaluate the relationship between the detachment force and bonding resin surface are and to determine the resin bonding surface area that would provide adequate bonding strength with minimum resin volume. Methods One hundred and sixty human premolars were randomly divided into 4 groups of 40 teeth each. The diameter of the resin surface area in each group was as follows: group 1, 1.5 mm; group 2, 2.5 mm; group 3, 3.5 mm; and group 4, 4.5 mm. Respond Dead Soft straight (length 0.0175 inch) was used to fabricate the retainers, and Transbond™ XT was used to fix the retainers to the tooth surfaces. A pair of teeth was embedded in acrylic blocks for each specimen. Thus, each group comprised 20 samples. Fixed retainers were bonded to the teeth, and vertical force was applied at the middle of wire. The force was measured using a universal testing machine. Results The mean value of detachment force was the highest for group 4 (102.38 ± 2.92 N), followed by group 3 (63.54 ± 2.21 N), group 2 (51.95 ± 1.61 N), and group 1 (24.14 ± 1.38 N). Conclusions The detachment force of lingual fixed retainers was significantly affected as the area of the resin bonding surface increased. Considering the minimum bonding strength of brackets, a resin bonding surface area with a diameter of 3.5 mm would provide adequate bonding strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il-Hong Lee
- Department of Orthodontics, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Anyang, Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Lee
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Young Park
- Department of Orthodontics, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Anyang, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Anyang, Korea
| | - Jang-Hoon Ahn
- Department of Orthodontics, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Yagci A, Uysal T, Ertas H, Amasyali M. Microleakage between composite/wire and composite/enamel interfaces of flexible spiral wire retainers: direct versus indirect application methods. Orthod Craniofac Res 2010; 13:118-24. [PMID: 20477972 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-6343.2010.01486.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the microleakage of flexible spiral wire retainers (FSWR) at composite/wire and composite/enamel interfaces produced by an indirect application method to that of a conventional direct application method. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty freshly extracted human mandibular incisor teeth were randomly divided into two equal groups. Group 1 was bonded directly according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Group 2 consisted of 20 teeth bonded indirectly with Transbond LR as the adhesive and Sondhi Rapid Set A/B Primer (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA), a filled resin primer. After bonding, specimens were further sealed with nail varnish, stained with 0.5% basic fuchsine for 24 h, sectioned and examined under a stereomicroscope that measured microleakage at the composite/wire and composite/enamel interfaces from both mesial and distal margins. Statistical analyses were performed using Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U-tests with Bonferroni correction. RESULTS Statistical comparisons indicated that no statistically significant differences were observed between composite/wire and composite/enamel interfaces for direct vs. indirect application procedures (Direct method p = 0.630 and Indirect method p = 0.930). Comparisons of the microleakage scores between direct and indirect FSWR application groups at composite/wire and composite/enamel interfaces indicated no statistically significant microleakage differences at mesial or distal margins (Composite/enamel interface p = 0.361 and Composite/wire interface p = 0.270). CONCLUSION The type of FSWR application procedures (direct vs. indirect) did not significantly affect the amount of microleakage at the enamel/composite/wire complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yagci
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
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Aldrees AM, Al-Mutairi TK, Hakami ZW, Al-Malki MM. Bonded Orthodontic Retainers: A Comparison of Initial Bond Strength of Different Wire-and-Composite Combinations. J Orofac Orthop 2010; 71:290-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00056-010-9947-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 05/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Baysal A, Uysal T. Resin-modified glass ionomer cements for bonding orthodontic retainers. Eur J Orthod 2009; 32:254-8. [PMID: 19793779 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjp066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS), fracture mode, and wire pull out (WPO) resistance between resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) and conventional orthodontic composite used as a lingual retainer adhesive. Forty lower human incisors were randomly divided into two equal groups. To determine the SBS, either Transbond-LR or Fuji Ortho-LC was applied to the lingual surface of the teeth by packing the material into cylindrical plastic matrices with an internal diameter of 2.34 mm and a height of 3 mm (Ultradent) to simulate the lingual retainer bonding area. To test WPO resistance, 20 samples were prepared for each composite where the wire was embedded in the composite material and cured, 20 seconds for Transbond-LR and 40 seconds for Fuji Ortho-LC. The ends of the wire were then drawn up and tensile stress was applied until failure of the resin. A Student's t-test for independent variables was used to compare the SBS and WPO data. Fracture modes were analyzed using Pearson chi-square test. Significance was determined at P < 0.05. The SBS values were 24.7 +/- 9.2 and 10.2 +/- 5.5 MPa and the mean WPO values 19.8 +/- 4.6 and 11.1 +/- 5.7 N for Transbond-LR and Fuji Ortho-LC, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that the SBS and WPO values of Transbond-LR and Fuji Ortho-LC were significantly different (P < 0.001). No significant differences were present among the groups in terms of fracture mode. However, the RMGIC resulted in a significant decrease in SBS and WPO; it produced sufficient SBS values on the etched enamel surfaces, when used as a bonded orthodontic retainer adhesive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asli Baysal
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkey
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Tuusa SMR, Lassila LVJ, Matinlinna JP, Peltola MJ, Vallittu PK. Initial adhesion of glass-fiber-reinforced composite to the surface of porcine calvarial bone. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2008; 75:334-42. [PMID: 16032653 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.30311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this preliminary study was to compare the initial bond strength of the glass-fiber-reinforced composite veil to the surface of the porcine calvarial compact bone using different adhesives. Fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) made of E-glass fiber veil with the BisGMA-PMMA resin system was used in the study. For the shear bond strength test, porcine calvarial bone cubes were mounted into resin matrix. FRC-veil discs were bonded to compact bone with different types of adhesives: (A) BisGMA-HEMA based (3M-ESPE Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Adhesive), (B) 4-META/UDMA/BisGMA based (Unifil Bond Bonding Agent) and MDP based (Clearfil Se Bond adhesive), (C) UDMA/BisGMA/PMMA-based experimental adhesive, and (D) silane-based (APS, ICS, MPS) experimental adhesives. The surface of the bone was mechanically roughened and was either used as such, treated with dental primers (Unifil Bond Self-etching Primer, Clearfil Se Bond Primer), or treated with an experimental silane mixture (APS, ICS, MPS), or with a mixture of the experimental silane liquid and Clearfil Se Bond Primer. The 3M-ESPE Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Adhesive and UDMA/BisGMA/PMMA experimental adhesive gave poor results in the shear bond test (0.58 and 0.40 MPa, respectively). Unifil Bond Bonding Agent and Clearfil Se Bond adhesive with respective primers markedly improved the shear bond strength; with Unifil the result was 3.40 MPa, and with Clearfil it was 6.19 MPa. When the bone surface was primed with a mixture of Clearfil Se Bond Primer and Clearfil Porcelain Bond Activator, the Clearfil Se Bond adhesive-impregnated FRC veil gave the best adhesion to the bone surface in this test: 9.50 MPa. The addition of bioactive glass granules between the veil and the bone lowered the shear bond strength in the test system described above to 6.72 MPa. The test systems with the silane mixture were also promising. In the SEM study, it was found that the mechanical treatment reveals the pores of the bone surface. Chemical treatments of the bone surface improved the adhesion of the FRC veil to the bone. The results showed that the adhesion of the FRC to the surface of the bone can be significantly improved with mechanical roughening and with special chemical treatments of the bone surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M R Tuusa
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomaterials Research, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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Oesterle LJ, Shellhart WC. Effect of aging on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2008; 133:716-20. [PMID: 18456145 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2006.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2006] [Revised: 04/01/2006] [Accepted: 04/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bracket loss during the later stages of orthodontic treatment is a relatively frequent occurrence. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and isolate the effect of composite aging, one of many factors that can contribute to decreased bond strength during a normal 24-month orthodontic treatment period. METHODS Two orthodontic bonding adhesives--Transbond APC II (3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif) and Quick Cure adhesive (Reliance Orthodontic Products, Itasca, Ill)--were used to bond brackets to 280 bovine incisors that were stored in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 30 minutes, 24 hours, and 1, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months before shear-peel testing. RESULTS Bond strength increased over the first 24 hours and then tended to decrease over the next 24 months. The bond strengths (in MPa) for Transbond and Quick Cure, respectively, were as follows: 30 minutes, 14.99 +/- 0.75 and 21.02 +/- 1.79; 24 hours, 20.99 +/- 2.11 and 25.61 +/- 1.96; 1 month, 20.54 +/- 1.58 and 18.96 +/- 1.02; 6 months, 17.77 +/- 1.66 and 19.52 +/- 1.61; 12 months, 14.79 +/- 1.30 and 18.28 +/- 1.43; 18 months, 16.08 +/- 1.37 and 16.19 +/- 1.01; and 24 months, 12.44 +/- 1.06 and 8.62 +/- 1.03. CONCLUSIONS Shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets increases from 30 minutes to 24 hours and then tends to decrease over the next 24 months. The decrease in bond strength due to the effects of composite aging in water appears to be a major factor in the decreased bond strength seen clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry J Oesterle
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Lee SJ, Ihm JA, Ahn SJ. Time-saving fixed lingual retainer using DuraLay resin transfer. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2004; 125:203-5. [PMID: 14765059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2003.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Jae Lee
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Seoul National University, South Korea.
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