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Ny V, Needham T, Ceacero F. Potential benefits of amino acid supplementation for cervid performance and nutritional ecology, with special focus on lysine and methionine: A review. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2022; 11:391-401. [PMID: 36382203 PMCID: PMC9633987 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Deer farming is a thriving industry for venison, velvet antlers, trophy hunting, and other by-products. Feeding and nutrition are important factors for improving production performance, especially dietary protein and amino acids (AAs), as they are the main components of all tissues. Only a few studies on AA supplementation (Lys, Met, Arg) have been performed on cervids, which show positive effects on weight gain, ADG, feed-:gain ratio, plasma AAs, carcass weight, dressing percentage, yield of high-quality muscles, storage of internal fat during winter, DM and CP digestibility, plasma protein- and fat-related metabolite concentrations, antler burr perimeter, weight, length and mineralisation, velvet antler yield, rumen volatile fatty acids, and microbiome composition. All these effects are relevant for supporting the production of cervids products, from venison to velvet or trophy antlers, as well as their general performance and well-being of captive-bred cervids. The current available information suggests that AA supplementation can be especially interesting for animals fed low protein rations, and growing animals, but should be avoided in high rations and during winter, since it may promote the accumulation of internal fat. Potential effects on milk production and the concentrations of different hormones involved in the regulation of the antler cycle should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veit Ny
- Department of Animal Science and Food Processing, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Cattle Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Prague, Czech Republic
- Food Research Institute Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tersia Needham
- Department of Animal Science and Food Processing, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Francisco Ceacero
- Department of Animal Science and Food Processing, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
- Corresponding author.
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Methionine Supplementation during Pregnancy of Goats Improves Kids' Birth Weight, Body Mass Index, and Postnatal Growth Pattern. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11071065. [PMID: 36101442 PMCID: PMC9312974 DOI: 10.3390/biology11071065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The last third of gestation is a period of high energy and protein demand for the dam to support fetal growth and the following onset of lactation. Methionine is an essential amino acid that contributes to protein formation, fetal development, and milk synthesis; thus, is likely to have positive effects on the weight and size of the newborn and, afterward, milk yield and milk composition, which may improve growth patterns of the progeny. To test these hypotheses, we used 60 pregnant multiparous Alpine goats with similar live weights and gestational ages (~Day 100 of pregnancy; Mean ± SD; 1410 ± 14 days old and 50.4 ± 6.6 kg) and were separated into two groups: control and supplemented with the delivery. Treatments were T-MET (n = 30; received 1% herbal methionine Optimethione® dry matter based on from Day 100 of the pregnancy to delivery) or T-CTL (n = 30; served as the control and did not receive methionine). The methionine powder provided individual supplementation and was adjusted every week as the live weight and dry matter intake changed. At birth, the weight, body mass index (BMI), birth type, and sex of the kids were determined. Subsequently, the progeny was weighed weekly up to weaning. Two weeks after parturition, the milk composition was recorded weekly, and the milk yield was recorded monthly. The maternal live weight at the start (Mean ± SEM; T-CTL: 50.5 ± 1.1 vs. T-MET: 50.3 ± 1.3 kg) and end (T-CTL: 54.2 ± 1.3 vs. T-MET: 52.8 ± 1.4 kg) of the experiment did not differ statistically among treatments (p > 0.05); however, daily live weight changes tended to differ between groups (T-CTL: 73 ± 10 vs. T-MET: 51 ± 7 g day−1; p = 0.06). The birth weight (T-CTL: 3.1 ± 0.1 vs. T-MET: 3.5 ± 0.1 kg; p < 0.001), daily live weight change (T-CTL: 121 ± 6 vs. T-MET: 141 ± 6 g day−1; p < 0.01), and weaning weight (T-CTL: 8.3 ± 0.2 vs. T-MET: 9.3 ± 0.3 kg; p < 0.01) differed between treatments. The BMI at birth (T-CTL: 0.28 ± 0.01 vs. T-MET: 0.3 ± 0.01 units kg m−2; p < 0.01) and at weaning (T-CTL: 0.85 ± 0.1 kg vs. T-MET: 1.00 ± 0.06 units kg m−2; p < 0.05) differed between treatments. Milk components (protein, fat, lactose, and solids non-fat) and milk yield were similar between treatments (p > 0.05). It is concluded that the inclusion of methionine in the maternal goat diet during the last third of gestation increases the birth and growth variables of the progeny but without significant influence on the milk yield and composition.
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Titi HH, Alnimer MA, Abedal-majed MA. Effect of supplemental rumen-protected methionine on reproduction and production of Awassi ewes. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2048973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hosam H. Titi
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mufeed A. Alnimer
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Awawdeh MS. Effects of supplemental lysine and methionine on performance of nursing Awassi ewes fed two levels of dietary protein. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:61. [PMID: 35037142 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03070-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of rumen-protected lysine (RPL) and methionine (RPM) supplementation on production performance of nursing ewes fed two levels of dietary protein. Individually housed Awassi ewes (n = 34) nursing single lambs were randomly assigned (2 × 2 factorial design) to one of four dietary treatments with two levels of protein (170 or 151 g/kg; HP or MP) and two levels of RPL and RPM (0 or 8.5 plus 4 g/day/ewe of RPL and RPM, respectively; no or yes). The trial lasted for 5 weeks. Ewes fed the MP diets had (P < 0.01) lower protein intake compared to those fed the HP diets. Intake of other nutrients and milk composition were not significantly (P > 0.13) affected by dietary treatments. Ewes fed the MPYES diet produced more (P < 0.05) milk compared to those fed the MPNO and HPYES diets and tended (P = 0.08) to be more than the HPNO diet. Additionally, milk composition yields for the MPYES diet were significantly (P < 0.05) more than the HPYES diets and tended (P ≤ 0.10) to be more than the MPNO and HPNO diets. Milk efficiency was highest (P < 0.05) for the MPYES diet. Final BW, total gain, and growth rate of lambs were greater when their dams were fed the MPYES diet compared to MPNO and HPNO diets. Under our conditions, decreasing dietary protein from 170 to 151 g/kg did not negatively affect the performance of ewes and their lambs. Supplemental RPL and RPM were beneficial for ewes fed diets containing 151 g/kg, but not 170, protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Awawdeh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
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Li H, Jiang B, Zhou Y. Effects of rumen-protected methionine supplementation on growth performance, nitrogen balance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of lambs fed diets containing buckwheat straw. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2018-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effects of rumen-protected methionine (RPM) supplementation on growth performance, nitrogen (N) balance, carcass traits, and meat quality of lambs fed diets containing buckwheat straw. Twenty male Tan lambs from Ningxia were housed in individual pens and were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments that were supplemented with RPM at levels of 0 (control), 1.5 (T1), 3.0 (T2), 4.5 (T3), and 6.0 g d−1 (T4). Dry matter intake was higher in T4 than control (P < 0.05). The feed:gain ratio generally reduced with increasing dietary RPM, but the lowest ratio was found in T3 (P < 0.05). Dry matter digestibility and N retention were highest in T3 (P < 0.05) while N excretion was the lowest. Carcass fat weight and grid reference tissue depth increased while drip loss decreased by supplemental RPM, and significant differences were found between T4 and control (P < 0.05). However, pH, color, cooking loss, and shear force were not affected. The results from this study demonstrated that dietary RPM supplementation may be able to improve the feed efficiency, N utilization, and meat quality of lambs; however, the optimal dose of RPM needs to be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqing Li
- Department of Animal Science, Ningxia University, 489 Helanshan West Road, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Animal Science, Ningxia University, 489 Helanshan West Road, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Biwei Jiang
- Department of Animal Science, Ningxia University, 489 Helanshan West Road, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Animal Science, Ningxia University, 489 Helanshan West Road, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxiang Zhou
- Department of Animal Science, Ningxia University, 489 Helanshan West Road, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Animal Science, Ningxia University, 489 Helanshan West Road, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, People’s Republic of China
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Chen D, Yan J, Shen W, Song Y, Lan X, Yi K, Muhammad AUR. Effect of inclusion of HMBi in the ration of goats on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen bacteria community and blood serum parameters. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 104:987-997. [PMID: 32072722 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to test the effect of supplementation of analogues of methionine 2-hydroxy-4-methylthio butanoic acid isopropyl ester (HMBi) on growth, digestibility, antioxidant index, abundance and composition of rumen bacterial community in Xiangdong Black Goats. Thirty-six growing Xiangdong Black Goats were divided into four groups in such a way that each group had three replicate and each replicate had three animals. Experimental groups were assigned four levels of HMBi in basal diet: 0% HMBi (on dietary DM basis); 0.05% HMBi; 0.10% HMBi and 0.20% HMBi. Goats fed 0.10% HMBi in basal diet had higher average daily weight gain (p < .05). Goats fed 0.05% HMBi had higher apparent digestibility of gross energy (p < .01). The group 0% HMBi supplementation had a higher level of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde (p < .01). The goats fed 0.20% HMBi in basal diet had a higher level of insulin and leptin (p < .01) than 0% HMBi supplementation goats. 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing analysis revealed similarities in the community composition, species diversity and relative abundance of dominant bacteria at the phylum and genus levels among the four groups. In conclusion, HMBi supplementation has no negative effect on apparent digestibility, antioxidant index and the ruminal bacteria composition. Therefore, 0.10% supplementation of HMBi is recommended in the diet of goats to improve the growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingcai Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Weijun Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinyi Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Kangle Yi
- Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha, China
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Ayyat MS, Al-Sagheer A, Noreldin AE, Abd El-Hack ME, Khafaga AF, Abdel-Latif MA, Swelum AA, Arif M, Salem AZM. Beneficial effects of rumen-protected methionine on nitrogen-use efficiency, histological parameters, productivity and reproductive performance of ruminants. Anim Biotechnol 2019; 32:51-66. [PMID: 31443628 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2019.1653314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Providing essential amounts of balanced nutrients is one of the most vital aspects of livestock production. Among nutrients, protein has an essential role in many physiological functions of animals. Amino acids in needs for both high and medium yielding ruminant animals are not fully covered by microbial degraded feed sources in the rumen of animals, and they must be met by protecting the proteins from being broken down in the rumen; hence, the dietary supplementation of rumen-protected proteins (RPP), including mainly rumen-protected methionine (RPM), became imperative. Many researchers are interested in studying the role of (RPM) in ruminant animals concerning its effect on milk yield, growth performance, digestibility, dry matter intake and nitrogen utilization efficiency. Unfortunately, results obtained from several investigations regarding RPM indicated great fluctuation between its useful and useless effects in ruminant nutrition particularly during early and late lactation period; therefore, this review article may be helpful for ruminant farm owners when they decide to supplement RPM in animal's diet. Conclusively, supplementation of RPM often has a balanced positive influence, without any reported negative impact on milk yield, growth performance and blood parameters especially in early lactating ruminant animals and when used with the low crude protein diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Ayyat
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Adham Al-Sagheer
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Noreldin
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | | | - Asmaa F Khafaga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, Egypt
| | - Mervat A Abdel-Latif
- Department of Nutrition and Veterinary Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Swelum
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Department of Animal Sciences, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Abdelfattah Z M Salem
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, México
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