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Bates AJ, Greer A, McAnulty R, Jackson A. Targeted selective treatment with anthelmintic for New Zealand dairy heifers. Vet Parasitol 2022; 309:109757. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2022.109757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hassan NMF, Ghazy AA. Advances in diagnosis and control of anthelmintic resistant gastrointestinal helminths infecting ruminants. J Parasit Dis 2022; 46:901-915. [PMID: 36091263 PMCID: PMC9458815 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-021-01457-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with gastrointestinal helminths is widely spread among ruminant causing severe losses and adversely affects the livestock husbandry. Synthetic chemotherapeutics have been utilized throughout years, as a means of combating helminthiasis. Anthelmintic resistance (AR) has a serious concern on livestock industry which, mainly arises as outcome of misuse, improper dosing and frequent utilization of the synthetic drugs.Various gastrointestinal helminths have the capability to survive the therapeutic dose of anthelmintics and become resistant to the major anthelmintic classes. Early diagnosis might delay or reduce the risk of AR. Conventional phenotyping methods were commonly used for detection of anthelmintic resistant helminths, but appeared to lack of sensitivity, especially when the frequency of resistant allele is very low. Several molecular assays were carried out to detect the AR with greater accuracy. Sustainable effective preventive and control measures for gastrointestinal helminths infection remain the corner stone to overcome AR. Rational use of anthelmintics with keeping unexposed proportion of worm populations, could have the potentiality to maintain and prolong the efficacy of anthelmintics. Several alternative anthelmintic treatments might offer valuable solutions either alone or adjunct to synthetic drugs to dilute the spread of resistance alleles among the helminths population. This article reviews current status of various diagnostic methods and control measures for anthelmintic resistant gastrointestinal helminths infecting ruminants and tries to present a practical protocol to avoid or delay the development of AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha M. F. Hassan
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, National Research Centre, P.O. Box: 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alaa A. Ghazy
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, National Research Centre, P.O. Box: 12622, Cairo, Egypt
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A systematic review and meta-analysis of impact of strongyle parasitism on growth rates in young cattle. Vet Parasitol 2022; 309:109760. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2022.109760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kotze AC, Gilleard JS, Doyle SR, Prichard RK. Challenges and opportunities for the adoption of molecular diagnostics for anthelmintic resistance. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2020; 14:264-273. [PMID: 33307336 PMCID: PMC7726450 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Anthelmintic resistance is a significant threat to livestock production systems worldwide and is emerging as an important issue in companion animal parasite management. It is also an emerging concern for the control of human soil-transmitted helminths and filaria. An important aspect of managing anthelmintic resistance is the ability to utilise diagnostic tests to detect its emergence at an early stage. In host-parasite systems where resistance is already widespread, diagnostics have a potentially important role in determining those drugs that remain the most effective. The development of molecular diagnostics for anthelmintic resistance is one focus of the Consortium for Anthelmintic Resistance and Susceptibility (CARS) group. The present paper reflects discussions of this issue that occurred at the most recent meeting of the group in Wisconsin, USA, in July 2019. We compare molecular resistance diagnostics with in vivo and in vitro phenotypic methods, and highlight the advantages and disadvantages of each. We assess whether our knowledge on the identity of molecular markers for resistance towards the different drug classes is sufficient to provide some expectation that molecular tests for field use may be available in the short-to-medium term. We describe some practical aspects of such tests and how our current capabilities compare to the requirements of an 'ideal' test. Finally, we describe examples of drug class/parasite species interactions that provide the best opportunity for commercial use of molecular tests in the near future. We argue that while such prototype tests may not satisfy the requirements of an 'ideal' test, their potential to provide significant advances over currently-used phenotypic methods warrants their development as field diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C. Kotze
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, St. Lucia, Brisbane, 4072, QLD, Australia,Corresponding author. , CSIRO Agriculture and Food, St. Lucia, Brisbane, 4072, QLD, Australia.
| | - John S. Gilleard
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Host-Parasite Interactions Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Stephen R. Doyle
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Roger K. Prichard
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Sainte Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
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Peña-Espinoza M, Thamsborg SM, Denwood MJ, Drag M, Hansen TV, Jensen VF, Enemark HL. Efficacy of ivermectin against gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle in Denmark evaluated by different methods for analysis of faecal egg count reduction. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2016; 6:241-250. [PMID: 27835769 PMCID: PMC5107639 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of ivermectin (IVM) against gastrointestinal nematodes in Danish cattle was assessed by faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT). Six cattle farms with history of clinical parasitism and avermectin use were included. On the day of treatment (Day 0), 20 naturally infected calves per farm (total n = 120) were stratified by initial faecal egg counts (FEC) and randomly allocated to a treatment group dosed with 0.2 mg IVM kg-1 body weight s.c. (IVM; n = 10) or an untreated control group (CTL; n = 10). Individual FEC were obtained at Day 0 and Day 14 post-treatment and pooled faeces by group were cultured to isolate L3 for detection of Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia oncophora by qPCR. Treatment efficacies were analysed using the recommended WAAVP method and two open-source statistical procedures based on Bayesian modelling: 'eggCounts' and 'Bayescount'. A simulation study evaluated the performance of the different procedures to correctly identify FEC reduction percentages of simulated bovine FEC data representing the observed real data. In the FECRT, reduced IVM efficacy was detected in three farms by all procedures using data from treated animals only, and in one farm according to the procedures including data from treated and untreated cattle. Post-treatment, O. ostertagi and C. oncophora L3 were detected by qPCR in faeces of treated animals from one and three herds with declared reduced IVM efficacy, respectively. Based on the simulation study, all methods showed a reduced performance when FEC aggregation increased post-treatment and suggested that a treatment group of 10 animals is insufficient for the FECRT in cattle. This is the first report of reduced anthelmintic efficacy in Danish cattle and warrants the implementation of larger surveys. Advantages and caveats regarding the use of Bayesian modelling and the relevance of including untreated cattle in the FECRT are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Peña-Espinoza
- Section for Bacteriology, Pathology and Parasitology, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Bülowsvej 27, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Stig M Thamsborg
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Matthew J Denwood
- Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 8, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Markus Drag
- Section for Bacteriology, Pathology and Parasitology, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Bülowsvej 27, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 8, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Tina V Hansen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Vibeke F Jensen
- Section for Epidemiology, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Bülowsvej 27, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Heidi L Enemark
- Section for Bacteriology, Pathology and Parasitology, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Bülowsvej 27, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ullevålsveien 68, PO Box 750 Sentrum, N-0106, Oslo, Norway
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