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Chugh V, Mishra V, Sharma V, Kumar M, Ghorbel M, Kumar H, Rai A, Kumar R. Deciphering Physio-Biochemical Basis of Tolerance Mechanism for Sesame ( Sesamum indicum L.) Genotypes under Waterlogging Stress at Early Vegetative Stage. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:501. [PMID: 38498414 PMCID: PMC10892085 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Waterlogging represents a substantial agricultural concern, inducing harmful impacts on crop development and productivity. In the present study, 142 diverse sesame genotypes were examined during the early vegetative phase to assess their response under waterlogging conditions. Based on the severity of symptoms observed, 2 genotypes were classified as highly tolerant, 66 as moderately tolerant, 69 as susceptible, and 5 as highly susceptible. Subsequent investigation focused on four genotypes, i.e., two highly tolerant (JLT-8 and GP-70) and two highly susceptible (R-III-F6 and EC-335003). These genotypes were subjected to incremental stress periods (0 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h) to elucidate the biochemical basis of tolerance mechanisms. Each experiment was conducted as a randomized split-plot design with three replications, and the statistical significance of the treatment differences was determined using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Fisher least significant difference (LSD) test at p ≤ 0.05. The influence of waterlogging stress on morphological growth was detrimental for both tolerant and susceptible genotypes, with more severe consequences observed in the latter. Although adventitious roots were observed in both sets of genotypes above flooding levels, the tolerant genotypes exhibited a more rapid and vigorous development of these roots after 48 h of stress exposure. Tolerant genotypes displayed higher tolerance coefficients compared to susceptible genotypes. Furthermore, tolerant genotypes maintained elevated antioxidant potential, thereby minimizing oxidative stress. Conversely, susceptible genotypes exhibited higher accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde content. Photosynthetic efficiency was reduced in all genotypes after 24 h of stress treatment, with a particularly drastic reduction in susceptible genotypes compared to their tolerant counterparts. Tolerant genotypes exhibited significantly higher activities of anaerobic metabolism enzymes, enabling prolonged survival under waterlogging conditions. Increase in proline content was observed in all the genotypes indicating the cellular osmotic balance adjustments in response to stress exposure. Consequently, the robust antioxidant potential and efficient anaerobic metabolism observed in the tolerant genotypes served as key mechanisms enabling their resilience to short-term waterlogging exposure. These findings underscore the promising potential of specific sesame genotypes in enhancing crop resilience against waterlogging stress, offering valuable insights for agricultural practices and breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Chugh
- Department of Basic & Social Sciences, College of Horticulture, Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda 210001, India;
| | - Vigya Mishra
- Department of Postharvest Technology, College of Horticulture, Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda 210001, India;
| | - Vijay Sharma
- Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda 210001, India; (M.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Mukul Kumar
- Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda 210001, India; (M.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Mouna Ghorbel
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Hail, Ha’il P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hitesh Kumar
- Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda 210001, India; (M.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Ashutosh Rai
- Department of Basic & Social Sciences, College of Horticulture, Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda 210001, India;
| | - Rahul Kumar
- ORISE Participant Sponsored by the U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, USDA ARS, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414, USA
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Aslam A, Mahmood A, Ur-Rehman H, Li C, Liang X, Shao J, Negm S, Moustafa M, Aamer M, Hassan MU. Plant Adaptation to Flooding Stress under Changing Climate Conditions: Ongoing Breakthroughs and Future Challenges. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3824. [PMID: 38005721 PMCID: PMC10675391 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Climate-change-induced variations in temperature and rainfall patterns are a serious threat across the globe. Flooding is the foremost challenge to agricultural productivity, and it is believed to become more intense under a changing climate. Flooding is a serious form of stress that significantly reduces crop yields, and future climatic anomalies are predicted to make the problem even worse in many areas of the world. To cope with the prevailing flooding stress, plants have developed different morphological and anatomical adaptations in their roots, aerenchyma cells, and leaves. Therefore, researchers are paying more attention to identifying developed and adopted molecular-based plant mechanisms with the objective of obtaining flooding-resistant cultivars. In this review, we discuss the various physiological, anatomical, and morphological adaptations (aerenchyma cells, ROL barriers (redial O2 loss), and adventitious roots) and the phytohormonal regulation in plants under flooding stress. This review comprises ongoing innovations and strategies to mitigate flooding stress, and it also provides new insights into how this knowledge can be used to improve productivity in the scenario of a rapidly changing climate and increasing flood intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Aslam
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (A.A.); (H.U.-R.)
| | - Athar Mahmood
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
| | - Hafeez Ur-Rehman
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (A.A.); (H.U.-R.)
| | - Cunwu Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Materials and Structures, Guangxi Institute of Water Resources Research, Nanning 530023, China; (C.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Xuewen Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Materials and Structures, Guangxi Institute of Water Resources Research, Nanning 530023, China; (C.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Jinhua Shao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Materials and Structures, Guangxi Institute of Water Resources Research, Nanning 530023, China; (C.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Sally Negm
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Science and Art Mahyel Aseer, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mahmoud Moustafa
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muhammad Aamer
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (M.A.); (M.U.H.)
| | - Muhammad Umair Hassan
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (M.A.); (M.U.H.)
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Pais IP, Moreira R, Semedo JN, Ramalho JC, Lidon FC, Coutinho J, Maçãs B, Scotti-Campos P. Wheat Crop under Waterlogging: Potential Soil and Plant Effects. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:149. [PMID: 36616278 PMCID: PMC9823972 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Inundation, excessive precipitation, or inadequate field drainage can cause waterlogging of cultivated land. It is anticipated that climate change will increase the frequency, intensity, and unpredictability of flooding events. This stress affects 10-15 million hectares of wheat every year, resulting in 20-50% yield losses. Since this crop greatly sustains a population's food demands, providing ca. 20% of the world's energy and protein diets requirements, it is crucial to understand changes in soil and plant physiology under excess water conditions. Variations in redox potential, pH, nutrient availability, and electrical conductivity of waterlogged soil will be addressed, as well as their impacts in major plant responses, such as root system and plant development. Waterlogging effects at the leaf level will also be addressed, with a particular focus on gas exchanges, photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugars, membrane integrity, lipids, and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel P. Pais
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P., Quinta do Marquês, Av. República, 2784-505 Oeiras, Portugal
- GeoBioTec Research Center, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rita Moreira
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P., Quinta do Marquês, Av. República, 2784-505 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - José N. Semedo
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P., Quinta do Marquês, Av. República, 2784-505 Oeiras, Portugal
- GeoBioTec Research Center, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - José C. Ramalho
- GeoBioTec Research Center, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- PlantStress & Biodiversity Lab, Centro de Estudos Florestais (CEF), Instituto Superior Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Quinta do Marquês, Av. República, 2784-505 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Fernando C. Lidon
- GeoBioTec Research Center, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Earth Sciences Department, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - José Coutinho
- GeoBioTec Research Center, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P., Estrada Gil Vaz, Ap. 6, 7350-901 Elvas, Portugal
| | - Benvindo Maçãs
- GeoBioTec Research Center, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P., Estrada Gil Vaz, Ap. 6, 7350-901 Elvas, Portugal
| | - Paula Scotti-Campos
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P., Quinta do Marquês, Av. República, 2784-505 Oeiras, Portugal
- GeoBioTec Research Center, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Wang H, Abassi S, Ki JS. Origin and roles of a novel copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) gene from the harmful dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum. Gene 2018; 683:113-122. [PMID: 30304703 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) acts as the first line of defence against reactive oxygen species (ROS) within cells. In this study, we characterized a novel SOD gene (PmCuZnSOD) from the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum, and examined its structural features, putative origin and gene expression. The SOD cDNA is 895 bp in length, containing dinoflagellate splice-leader (dinoSL) sequence, 714-bp ORF (237 aa), and poly (A) tail. In addition, PmCuZnSOD is coded on the dinoflagellate nuclear genome without introns and in a non-tandem repeat manner; however, the encoded protein is probably localized in chloroplasts. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that it might be acquired from cyanobacteria via horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and then the gene possibly relocated from the chloroplast to the nuclear genome. Excess copper dramatically increased the PmCuZnSOD transcripts and SOD activity in cells, caused by ROS generation and decrease of photosynthetic efficiency in the treated cells. These suggest that CuZnSOD may function to defend against oxidative stress for the survival of the dinoflagellate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, South Korea
| | - Sofia Abassi
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, South Korea
| | - Jang-Seu Ki
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, South Korea.
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Zhao N, Li C, Yan Y, Cao W, Song A, Wang H, Chen S, Jiang J, Chen F. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Waterlogging-Sensitive and Waterlogging-Tolerant Chrysanthemum morifolium Cultivars under Waterlogging Stress and Reoxygenation Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1455. [PMID: 29757964 PMCID: PMC5983694 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Waterlogging stress is among the most severe abiotic stressors in the breeding and the production of Chrysanthemum morifolium. However, the mechanism underlying the response to waterlogging and post-waterlogging reoxygenation in C. morifolium remains unknown. In this study, we compared the differences between the transcriptomes of two chrysanthemum cultivars, i.e., the waterlogging-tolerant cultivar "Nannongxuefeng" and the waterlogging-sensitive cultivar "Qinglu", by performing RNA-seq to elucidate the possible mechanism of waterlogging and reoxygenation in C. morifolium. "Nannongxuefeng" had a higher ethylene production under the waterlogging and reoxygenation conditions. Furthermore, the expression of transcription factors and genes that are involved in the hormone response, N-end rule pathway and ROS signaling significantly differed between the two cultivars. "Nannongxuefeng" and "Qinglu" significantly differed in their response to waterlogging and reoxygenation, providing a deeper understanding of the mechanism underlying the response to waterlogging and guidance for the breeding of C. morifolium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Chuanwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Yajun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Wen Cao
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Aiping Song
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Haibin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Sumei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Jiafu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Fadi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Ma Y, Zhu M, Shabala L, Zhou M, Shabala S. Conditioning of Roots with Hypoxia Increases Aluminum and Acid Stress Tolerance by Mitigating Activation of K+ Efflux Channels by ROS in Barley: Insights into Cross-Tolerance Mechanisms. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:160-73. [PMID: 26581863 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is prevalent in soils, but Al toxicity is manifested only under acid conditions. It causes severe damages to the root system. Short-term waterlogging stress can occur simultaneously with Al toxicity in areas with high rainfall or an inappropriate irrigation pattern. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the most Al-sensitive small-grained cereals. In this work, we have investigated effects of short-term treatments with hypoxia and phenolic acid (two major constraints in waterlogged soils) on root sensitivity to low-pH and Al stresses. We showed that hypoxia-primed roots maintained higher cell viability when exposed to low-pH/Al stress, in both elongation and mature root zones, and possessed superior ability to retain K(+) in response to low-pH/Al stresses. These priming effects were not related to higher H(+)-ATPase activity and better membrane potential maintenance, and could not be explained by the increased expression levels of HvHAK1, which mediates high-affinity K(+) uptake in roots. Instead, hypoxia-conditioned roots were significantly less sensitive to H2O2 treatment, indicated by the 10-fold reduction in the magnitude of K(+) efflux changes. This suggested that roots pre-treated with hypoxia desensitized reactive oxygen species (ROS)-inducible K(+) efflux channels in root epidermis, most probably via enhanced antioxidative capacity. A possible role for Ca(2+) in stress-induced ROS signaling pathways is also discussed. Overall, our results report, for the first time, the phenomenon of cross-protection between hypoxia and low-pH/Al stresses, and causally link it to the cell's ability to maintain cytosolic K(+) homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Ma
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Min Zhu
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Lana Shabala
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Meixue Zhou
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Sergey Shabala
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart TAS 7001, Australia
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Zhang X, Wan Q, Liu F, Zhang K, Sun A, Luo B, Sun L, Wan Y. Molecular analysis of the chloroplast Cu/Zn-SOD gene (AhCSD2) in peanut. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cj.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Li X, Cai J, Liu F, Dai T, Cao W, Jiang D. Physiological, proteomic and transcriptional responses of wheat to combination of drought or waterlogging with late spring low temperature. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2014; 41:690-703. [PMID: 32481024 DOI: 10.1071/fp13306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Spring low temperature events affect winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) during late vegetative or reproductive development, exposing plants to a subzero low temperature stress when winter hardening is lost. The increased climatic variability results in wheat being exposed to more frequent adverse impacts of combined low temperature and water stress, including drought and waterlogging. The responses of potted wheat plants cultivated in climatic chambers to these environmental perturbations were investigated at physiological, proteomic and transcriptional levels. At the physiological level, the depressed carbon (C) assimilation induced by the combined stresses was due mainly to stomatal closure and damage of photosynthetic electron transport. Biochemically, the adaptive effects of early moderate drought or waterlogging stress were associated with the activation of antioxidant enzyme system in chloroplasts and mitochondria of leaf under low temperature. Further proteomic analysis revealed that the oxidative stress defence, C metabolism and photosynthesis related proteins were modulated by the combined low temperature and water stress. Collectively, the results indicate that impairment of photosynthesis and C metabolism was responsible for the grain yield loss in winter wheat under low temperature in combination with severe drought or waterlogging stress. In addition, prior mild drought or waterlogging contributed to the homeostasis of oxidative metabolism and relatively better photosynthesis, and hence to less grain yield loss under later spring low temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangnan Li
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jian Cai
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fulai Liu
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Højbakkegaard Allé 13, DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Tingbo Dai
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weixing Cao
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Dong Jiang
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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De Simone V, Soccio M, Borrelli GM, Pastore D, Trono D. Stay-green trait-antioxidant status interrelationship in durum wheat (Triticum durum) flag leaf during post-flowering. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2014; 127:159-71. [PMID: 23979009 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-013-0584-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Three independent durum wheat mutant lines that show delayed leaf senescence or stay-green (SG) phenotype, SG196, SG310 and SG504, were compared to the parental genotype, cv. Trinakria, with respect to the photosynthetic parameters and the cellular redox state of the flag leaf in the period from flowering to senescence. The SG mutants maintained their chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate for longer than Trinakria, thus revealing a functional SG phenotype. They also showed a better redox state as demonstrated by: (1) a lower rate of superoxide anion production due to generally higher activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase in all of the SG mutants and also of the total peroxidase in SG196; (2) a higher thiol content that can be ascribed to a higher activity of the NADPH-providing enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in all of the SG mutants and also of the NADP(+)-dependent malic enzyme in SG196; (3) a lower pro-oxidant activity of lipoxygenase that characterises SG196 and SG504 mutants close to leaf senescence. Overall, these results show a general relationship in durum wheat between the SG phenotype and a better redox state. This relationship differs across the different SG mutants, probably as a consequence of the different set of altered genes underlying the SG trait in these independent mutant lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa De Simone
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Centro di Ricerca per la Cerealicoltura, S.S. 16, Km 675, 71122, Foggia, Italy,
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