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Chieppa J, Feller IC, Harris K, Dorrance S, Sturchio MA, Gray E, Tjoelker MG, Aspinwall MJ. Thermal acclimation of leaf respiration is consistent in tropical and subtropical populations of two mangrove species. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:3174-3187. [PMID: 36882067 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Populations from different climates often show unique growth responses to temperature, reflecting temperature adaptation. Yet, whether populations from different climates differ in physiological temperature acclimation remains unclear. Here, we test whether populations from differing thermal environments exhibit different growth responses to temperature and differences in temperature acclimation of leaf respiration. We grew tropical and subtropical populations of two mangrove species (Avicennia germinans and Rhizophora mangle) under ambient and experimentally warmed conditions in a common garden at the species' northern range limit. We quantified growth and temperature responses of leaf respiration (R) at seven time points over ~10 months. Warming increased productivity of tropical populations more than subtropical populations, reflecting a higher temperature optimum for growth. In both species, R measured at 25 °C declined as seasonal temperatures increased, demonstrating thermal acclimation. Contrary to our expectations, acclimation of R was consistent across populations and temperature treatments. However, populations differed in adjusting the temperature sensitivity of R (Q10) to seasonal temperatures. Following a freeze event, tropical Avicennia showed greater freeze damage than subtropical Avicennia, while both Rhizophora populations appeared equally susceptible. We found evidence of temperature adaptation at the whole-plant scale but little evidence for population differences in thermal acclimation of leaf physiology. Studies that examine potential costs and benefits of thermal acclimation in an evolutionary context may provide new insights into limits of thermal acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Chieppa
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
- College of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Ilka C Feller
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD 21037, USA
| | - Kylie Harris
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Susannah Dorrance
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Matthew A Sturchio
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Eve Gray
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Mark G Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael J Aspinwall
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
- College of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Formation Environmental LLC, 1631 Alhambra Blvd, Suite 220, Sacramento, CA 95816, USA
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Aspinwall MJ, Blackman CJ, Maier C, Tjoelker MG, Rymer PD, Creek D, Chieppa J, Griffin‐Nolan RJ, Tissue DT. Aridity drives clinal patterns in leaf traits and responsiveness to precipitation in a broadly distributed Australian tree species. PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2023; 4:70-85. [PMID: 37288162 PMCID: PMC10243541 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Aridity shapes species distributions and plant growth and function worldwide. Yet, plant traits often show complex relationships with aridity, challenging our understanding of aridity as a driver of evolutionary adaptation. We grew nine genotypes of Eucalyptus camaldulensis subsp. camaldulensis sourced from an aridity gradient together in the field for ~650 days under low and high precipitation treatments. Eucalyptus camaldulesis is considered a phreatophyte (deep-rooted species that utilizes groundwater), so we hypothesized that genotypes from more arid environments would show lower aboveground productivity, higher leaf gas-exchange rates, and greater tolerance/avoidance of dry surface soils (indicated by lower responsiveness) than genotypes from less arid environments. Aridity predicted genotype responses to precipitation, with more arid genotypes showing lower responsiveness to reduced precipitation and dry surface conditions than less arid genotypes. Under low precipitation, genotype net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance increased with home-climate aridity. Across treatments, genotype intrinsic water-use efficiency and osmotic potential declined with increasing aridity while photosynthetic capacity (Rubisco carboxylation and RuBP regeneration) increased with aridity. The observed clinal patterns indicate that E. camaldulensis genotypes from extremely arid environments possess a unique strategy defined by lower responsiveness to dry surface soils, low water-use efficiency, and high photosynthetic capacity. This strategy could be underpinned by deep rooting and could be adaptive under arid conditions where heat avoidance is critical and water demand is high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Aspinwall
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNew South WalesAustralia
- College of Forestry and Wildlife SciencesAuburn UniversityAuburnAlabamaUSA
- Formation EnvironmentalLLCSacramentoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Chris J. Blackman
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNew South WalesAustralia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and AgricultureSchool of Natural Sciences, University of TasmaniaHobartAustralia
| | - Chelsea Maier
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Mark G. Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Paul D. Rymer
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Danielle Creek
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNew South WalesAustralia
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource ManagementNorwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU)ÅsNorway
| | - Jeff Chieppa
- College of Forestry and Wildlife SciencesAuburn UniversityAuburnAlabamaUSA
| | | | - David T. Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNew South WalesAustralia
- Global Centre for Land Based InnovationWestern Sydney UniversityRichmondNew South WalesAustralia
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Dror D, Klein T. The effect of elevated CO2 on aboveground and belowground carbon allocation and eco-physiology of four species of angiosperm and gymnosperm forest trees. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:831-847. [PMID: 34648020 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) continues to rise, the question of how tree carbon (C) allocation is affected by this change remains. Studies show that C assimilation increases under elevated CO2 (eCO2). Yet, no detailed study has determined the fate of the surplus C, i.e., its compartment and physiological process allocation, nor in multiple species together. In this project, we grew 2-year-old saplings of four key Mediterranean tree species (the conifers Cupressus sempervirens L. and Pinus halepensis Mill., and the broadleaf Quercus calliprinos Webb. and Ceratonia siliqua L.) to [CO2] levels of 400 or 700 p.p.m. for 6 months. We measured the allocation of C to below and aboveground growth, respiration, root exudation, storage and leaf litter. In addition, we monitored intrinsic water-use efficiency (WUE), soil moisture, soil chemistry and nutrient uptake. Net assimilation, WUE and soil nitrogen uptake significantly increased at eCO2 across the four species. Broadleaf species showed soil water savings, which were absent in conifers. All other effects were species-specific: Cupressus had higher leaf respiration, Pinus had lower starch in branches and transiently higher exudation rate and Quercus had higher root respiration. Elevated CO2 did not affect growth or litter production. Our results are pivotal to understanding the sensitivity of tree C allocation to the change in [CO2] when water is abundant. Species-specific responses should be regarded cautiously when predicting future changes in forest function in a higher CO2 world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dar Dror
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl St., Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Tamir Klein
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl St., Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Lauriks F, Salomón RL, De Roo L, Steppe K. Leaf and tree responses of young European aspen trees to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration vary over the season. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:1877-1892. [PMID: 33824983 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (eCO2) commonly stimulates net leaf assimilation, decreases stomatal conductance and has no clear effect on leaf respiration. However, effects of eCO2 on whole-tree functioning and its seasonal dynamics remain far more uncertain. To evaluate temporal and spatial variability in eCO2 effects, 1-year-old European aspen trees were grown in two treatment chambers under ambient (aCO2, 400 p.p.m.) and elevated (eCO2, 700 p.p.m.) CO2 concentrations during an early (spring 2019) and late (autumn 2018) seasonal experiment. Leaf (net carbon assimilation, stomatal conductance and leaf respiration) and whole-tree (stem growth, sap flow and stem CO2 efflux) responses to eCO2 were measured. Under eCO2, carbon assimilation was stimulated during the early (1.63-fold) and late (1.26-fold) seasonal experiments. Stimulation of carbon assimilation changed over time with largest increases observed in spring when stem volumetric growth was highest, followed by late season down-regulation, when stem volumetric growth ceased. The neutral eCO2 effect on stomatal conductance and leaf respiration measured at leaf level paralleled the unresponsive canopy conductance (derived from sap flow measurements) and stem CO2 efflux measured at tree level. Our results highlight that seasonality in carbon demand for tree growth substantially affects the magnitude of the response to eCO2 at both leaf and whole-tree level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fran Lauriks
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roberto Luis Salomón
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Grupo de Investigación Sistemas Naturales e Historia Forestal, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Linus De Roo
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kathy Steppe
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Birami B, Nägele T, Gattmann M, Preisler Y, Gast A, Arneth A, Ruehr NK. Hot drought reduces the effects of elevated CO 2 on tree water-use efficiency and carbon metabolism. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 226:1607-1621. [PMID: 32017113 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Trees are increasingly exposed to hot droughts due to CO2 -induced climate change. However, the direct role of [CO2 ] in altering tree physiological responses to drought and heat stress remains ambiguous. Pinus halepensis (Aleppo pine) trees were grown from seed under ambient (421 ppm) or elevated (867 ppm) [CO2 ]. The 1.5-yr-old trees, either well watered or drought treated for 1 month, were transferred to separate gas-exchange chambers and the temperature gradually increased from 25°C to 40°C over a 10 d period. Continuous whole-tree shoot and root gas-exchange measurements were supplemented by primary metabolite analysis. Elevated [CO2 ] reduced tree water loss, reflected in lower stomatal conductance, resulting in a higher water-use efficiency throughout amplifying heat stress. Net carbon uptake declined strongly, driven by increases in respiration peaking earlier in the well-watered (31-32°C) than drought (33-34°C) treatments unaffected by growth [CO2 ]. Further, drought altered the primary metabolome, whereas the metabolic response to [CO2 ] was subtle and mainly reflected in enhanced root protein stability. The impact of elevated [CO2 ] on tree stress responses was modest and largely vanished with progressing heat and drought. We therefore conclude that increases in atmospheric [CO2 ] cannot counterbalance the impacts of hot drought extremes in Aleppo pine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Birami
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research - Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 82467, Germany
| | - Thomas Nägele
- Department of Biology I, Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Planegg, 82152, Germany
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Marielle Gattmann
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research - Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 82467, Germany
| | - Yakir Preisler
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Energy Research, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Andreas Gast
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research - Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 82467, Germany
| | - Almut Arneth
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research - Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 82467, Germany
| | - Nadine K Ruehr
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research - Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 82467, Germany
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Dusenge ME, Duarte AG, Way DA. Plant carbon metabolism and climate change: elevated CO 2 and temperature impacts on photosynthesis, photorespiration and respiration. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 221:32-49. [PMID: 29983005 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 32 I. The importance of plant carbon metabolism for climate change 32 II. Rising atmospheric CO2 and carbon metabolism 33 III. Rising temperatures and carbon metabolism 37 IV. Thermal acclimation responses of carbon metabolic processes can be best understood when studied together 38 V. Will elevated CO2 offset warming-induced changes in carbon metabolism? 40 VI. No plant is an island: water and nutrient limitations define plant responses to climate drivers 41 VII. Conclusions 42 Acknowledgements 42 References 42 Appendix A1 48 SUMMARY: Plant carbon metabolism is impacted by rising CO2 concentrations and temperatures, but also feeds back onto the climate system to help determine the trajectory of future climate change. Here we review how photosynthesis, photorespiration and respiration are affected by increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations and climate warming, both separately and in combination. We also compile data from the literature on plants grown at multiple temperatures, focusing on net CO2 assimilation rates and leaf dark respiration rates measured at the growth temperature (Agrowth and Rgrowth , respectively). Our analyses show that the ratio of Agrowth to Rgrowth is generally homeostatic across a wide range of species and growth temperatures, and that species that have reduced Agrowth at higher growth temperatures also tend to have reduced Rgrowth , while species that show stimulations in Agrowth under warming tend to have higher Rgrowth in the hotter environment. These results highlight the need to study these physiological processes together to better predict how vegetation carbon metabolism will respond to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirindi Eric Dusenge
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - André Galvao Duarte
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Danielle A Way
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
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Shimono H, Farquhar G, Brookhouse M, Busch FA, O Grady A, Tausz M, Pinkard EA. Prescreening in large populations as a tool for identifying elevated CO 2-responsive genotypes in plants. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2018; 46:1-14. [PMID: 30939254 DOI: 10.1071/fp18087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (e[CO2]) can stimulate the photosynthesis and productivity of C3 species including food and forest crops. Intraspecific variation in responsiveness to e[CO2] can be exploited to increase productivity under e[CO2]. However, active selection of genotypes to increase productivity under e[CO2] is rarely performed across a wide range of germplasm, because of constraints of space and the cost of CO2 fumigation facilities. If we are to capitalise on recent advances in whole genome sequencing, approaches are required to help overcome these issues of space and cost. Here, we discuss the advantage of applying prescreening as a tool in large genome×e[CO2] experiments, where a surrogate for e[CO2] was used to select cultivars for more detailed analysis under e[CO2] conditions. We discuss why phenotypic prescreening in population-wide screening for e[CO2] responsiveness is necessary, what approaches could be used for prescreening for e[CO2] responsiveness, and how the data can be used to improve genetic selection of high-performing cultivars. We do this within the framework of understanding the strengths and limitations of genotype-phenotype mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Shimono
- Crop Science Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, 2032162, Japan
| | - Graham Farquhar
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Matthew Brookhouse
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Florian A Busch
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | | | - Michael Tausz
- Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, 35203, UK
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