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Fonseca PP, Mazzottini-Dos-Santos HC, de Azevedo IFP, Nunes YRF, Ribeiro LM. Histogenesis and reserve dynamics during the maintenance of dormancy and germination in seeds of the basal palm Mauritiella armata. PROTOPLASMA 2024; 261:425-445. [PMID: 37963977 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-023-01905-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
The germination and post-seminal development of Arecaceae are notably complex due to the microscopic dimensions of the embryonic axis, the occurrence of dormancy, and the diversity of reserve compounds. In-depth information on this subject is still limited, especially in terms of the basal sub-family Calamoideae. Mauritiella armata is widely distributed in the Amazon region and is considered a key species in flooded ecosystems (veredas) in the Cerrado biome. We sought to describe histogenesis and reserve compound dynamics during the germination of M. armata, as well as the changes in incubated seeds over time. Seeds with their operculum removed (the structure that limits embryonic growth) were evaluated during germination using standard methods of histology, histochemistry, and electron microscopy. Evaluations were also performed on intact seeds incubated for 180 days. The embryos show characteristics associated with recalcitrant seeds of Arecaceae: a high water content (>80%), differentiated vessel elements, and reduced lipid reserves. Both the embryo and endosperm store abundant reserves of proteins, neutral carbohydrates, and pectins. The completion of germination involves cell divisions and expansions in specific regions of the embryo, in addition to the mobilization of embryonic and endospermic reserves through symplastic and apoplastic flows. Intact seeds show dormancy (not germinating for 180 days), but exhibit continuous development associated with cell growth, differentiation, and reserve mobilization. The anatomical and histochemical characters of M. armata seeds indicate an association between recalcitrance and dormancy related to the species' adaptation to flooded environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Pereira Fonseca
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, 39401-089, Brazil
| | | | | | - Yule Roberta Ferreira Nunes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, 39401-089, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Monteiro Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, 39401-089, Brazil.
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Rodrigues GAG, Mauve C, Gakiere B, Bailly C, Steiner N. The metabolic profiles of Eugenia astringens and E. uniflora (Myrtaceae) sensitive seeds affect desiccation. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14220. [PMID: 38356368 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Myrtaceae species are abundant in tropical Atlantic rainforests, but 41% of the 5500 species of this family are of extreme conservation concern. Eugenia astringens and E. uniflora are native Brazilian Myrtaceae species that occur in the same habitats and produce desiccation-sensitive (DS) seeds. We hypothesized that their seed desiccation-sensitivity degree is associated with specific metabolic signatures. To test it, we analyzed the germination and metabolic profiles of fresh and desiccated seeds. The water content (WC) at which at least half of the seeds survived desiccation was lower in E. astringens (0.17 g H2 O g-1 DW) than in E. uniflora (0.41 g H2 O g-1 DW). We identified 103 annotated metabolites from 3261 peaks in both species, which differed in their relative contents between E. astringens and E. uniflora seeds. The main differences in seed metabolic profiles include several protective molecules in the group of carbohydrates and organic acids and amino acid contents. The relative contents of monosaccharides and disaccharides, malic and quinic acids, amino acids and saturated fatty acids may have taken part in the distinct DS behaviour of E. astringens and E. uniflora seeds. Our study provides evidence of the relationship between desiccation sensitivity, seed viability and metabolic profile of tropical seeds by comparing two closely related Eugenia species with different DS degrees.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline Mauve
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), UMR 9213/UMR1403, CNRS, INRA, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris-Sud, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Saclay Plant Sciences, Orsay, France
| | - Bertrand Gakiere
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), UMR 9213/UMR1403, CNRS, INRA, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris-Sud, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Saclay Plant Sciences, Orsay, France
| | - Christophe Bailly
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Neusa Steiner
- Plant Physiology Lab, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
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Luo Y, Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Dai Z, Li Q, Mou J, Xu L, Deng S, Li J, Wang R, Liu J, Deng Z. iTRAQ-Based Proteomic and Physiological Analyses Reveal the Mechanisms of Dehydration and Cryopreservation Tolerance of Sophora tonkinensis Gagnep. Seeds. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091842. [PMID: 37176899 PMCID: PMC10180571 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Sophora tonkinensi is a shrub of the genus Sophora in the family Fabaceae with anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving effects. While the cultivation, chemical makeup, and medicinal properties of S. tonkinensis have been reported, the physiological mechanisms governing its dehydration and cryopreservation tolerance of seeds remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the morphological, physiological, biochemical, and protein expression characteristics of S. tonkinensis seeds subjected to dehydration and cryopreservation techniques via the observation of cell microstructure, determination of antioxidant enzyme activity, and iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis, respectively. The results of the study demonstrated that the seeds possessed a certain level of tolerance to dehydration. The highest germination percentage of 83.0% was observed after 2 h of dehydration (10.1% water content), which was identified as the optimal time point for cryopreservation. However, the germination percentage was reduced to only 30.5% when the water content reached 5.4%, indicating that S. tonkinensis seeds exhibit intermediate storage behavior. Further investigation revealed that during seed dehydration and cryopreservation treatment, liposomes were gradually and highly fused, whereas the activities of ROS scavenging and stress defense were significantly enhanced. During dehydration, the seed tissues formed a protective mechanism of stress resistance based on protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum and antioxidant system, which was related to the dehydration tolerance. Moreover, only three differentially expressed LEA proteins were identified, and it is speculated that the strengthening of intracellular metabolism and the absence of specific LEA and dehydrins could be crucial factors for the reduced germination percentage after excessive dehydration and cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Research Center for Germplasm Engineering of Characteristic Plant Resources in Enshi Prefecture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- The Plant Germplasm Resources Laboratory, School of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- Research Center for Germplasm Engineering of Characteristic Plant Resources in Enshi Prefecture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- The Plant Germplasm Resources Laboratory, School of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Zhangyan Dai
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qing Li
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jiaolin Mou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- Research Center for Germplasm Engineering of Characteristic Plant Resources in Enshi Prefecture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- The Plant Germplasm Resources Laboratory, School of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Li Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- Research Center for Germplasm Engineering of Characteristic Plant Resources in Enshi Prefecture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- The Plant Germplasm Resources Laboratory, School of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Shiming Deng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- Research Center for Germplasm Engineering of Characteristic Plant Resources in Enshi Prefecture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- The Plant Germplasm Resources Laboratory, School of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Jitao Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- Research Center for Germplasm Engineering of Characteristic Plant Resources in Enshi Prefecture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- The Plant Germplasm Resources Laboratory, School of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Ru Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- Research Center for Germplasm Engineering of Characteristic Plant Resources in Enshi Prefecture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- The Plant Germplasm Resources Laboratory, School of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhijun Deng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- Research Center for Germplasm Engineering of Characteristic Plant Resources in Enshi Prefecture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- The Plant Germplasm Resources Laboratory, School of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
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Jia JS, Ge N, Wang QY, Zhao LT, Chen C, Chen JW. Genome-wide identification and characterization of members of the LEA gene family in Panax notoginseng and their transcriptional responses to dehydration of recalcitrant seeds. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:126. [PMID: 36932328 PMCID: PMC10024439 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09229-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins play an important role in dehydration process of seed maturation. The seeds of Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F. H. Chen are typically characterized with the recalcitrance and are highly sensitive to dehydration. However, it is not very well known about the role of LEA proteins in response to dehydration stress in P. notoginseng seeds. We will perform a genome-wide analysis of the LEA gene family and their transcriptional responses to dehydration stress in recalcitrant P. notoginseng seeds. RESULTS In this study, 61 LEA genes were identified from the P. notoginseng genome, and they were renamed as PnoLEA. The PnoLEA genes were classified into seven subfamilies based on the phylogenetic relationships, gene structure and conserved domains. The PnoLEA genes family showed relatively few introns and was highly conserved. Unexpectedly, the LEA_6 subfamily was not found, and the LEA_2 subfamily contained 46 (75.4%) members. Within 19 pairs of fragment duplication events, among them 17 pairs were LEA_2 subfamily. In addition, the expression of the PnoLEA genes was obviously induced under dehydration stress, but the germination rate of P. notoginseng seeds decreased as the dehydration time prolonged. CONCLUSIONS We found that the lack of the LEA_6 subfamily, the expansion of the LEA_2 subfamily and low transcriptional levels of most PnoLEA genes might be implicated in the recalcitrant formation of P. notoginseng seeds. LEA proteins are essential in the response to dehydration stress in recalcitrant seeds, but the protective effect of LEA protein is not efficient. These results could improve our understanding of the function of LEA proteins in the response of dehydration stress and their contributions to the formation of seed recalcitrance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Shan Jia
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center On Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Fengyuan Road, Panlong District, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Na Ge
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center On Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Fengyuan Road, Panlong District, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Qing-Yan Wang
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center On Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Fengyuan Road, Panlong District, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Li-Ting Zhao
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center On Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Fengyuan Road, Panlong District, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Cui Chen
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center On Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Fengyuan Road, Panlong District, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Jun-Wen Chen
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center On Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Fengyuan Road, Panlong District, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
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Seed-to-Seedling Transition: Novel Aspects. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11151988. [PMID: 35956466 PMCID: PMC9370423 DOI: 10.3390/plants11151988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Transition from seed to seedling represents a critical stage in plants’ life cycles. This process includes three significant events in the seeds: (i) tissue hydration, (ii) the mobilization of reserve nutrients, and (iii) the activation of metabolic activity. Global metabolic rearrangements lead to the initiation of radicle growth and the resumption of vegetative development. It requires massive reprogramming of the transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, and attendant signaling pathways, resulting in the silencing of seed-maturation genes and the activation of vegetative growth genes. This Special Issue discusses the mechanisms of genetic, epigenetic, and hormonal switches during seed-to-seedling transitions. Detailed information has also been covered regarding the influence of germination features on seedling establishment.
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Ramtekey V, Cherukuri S, Kumar S, V. SK, Sheoran S, K. UB, K. BN, Kumar S, Singh AN, Singh HV. Seed Longevity in Legumes: Deeper Insights Into Mechanisms and Molecular Perspectives. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:918206. [PMID: 35968115 PMCID: PMC9364935 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.918206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable agricultural production largely depends upon the viability and longevity of high-quality seeds during storage. Legumes are considered as rich source of dietary protein that helps to ensure nutritional security, but associated with poor seed longevity that hinders their performance and productivity in farmer's fields. Seed longevity is the key determinant to assure proper seed plant value and crop yield. Thus, maintenance of seed longevity during storage is of prime concern and a pre-requisite for enhancing crop productivity of legumes. Seed longevity is significantly correlated with other seed quality parameters such as germination, vigor, viability and seed coat permeability that affect crop growth and development, consequently distressing crop yield. Therefore, information on genetic basis and regulatory networks associated with seed longevity, as well as molecular dissection of traits linked to longevity could help in developing crop varieties with good storability. Keeping this in view, the present review focuses towards highlighting the molecular basis of seed longevity, with special emphasis on candidate genes and proteins associated with seed longevity and their interplay with other quality parameters. Further, an attempt was made to provide information on 3D structures of various genetic loci (genes/proteins) associated to seed longevity that could facilitate in understanding the interactions taking place within the seed at molecular level. This review compiles and provides information on genetic and genomic approaches for the identification of molecular pathways and key players involved in the maintenance of seed longevity in legumes, in a holistic manner. Finally, a hypothetical fast-forward breeding pipeline has been provided, that could assist the breeders to successfully develop varieties with improved seed longevity in legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sunil Kumar
- Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute-IASRI, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Seema Sheoran
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Karnal, India
| | - Udaya Bhaskar K.
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Seed Science, Regional Station, Bengaluru, India
| | - Bhojaraja Naik K.
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Seed Science, Regional Station, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Seed Science, Mau, India
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de Almeida Garcia Rodrigues G, da Silva D, Ribeiro MI, Loaiza-Loaiza OA, Alcantara S, Komatsu RA, Barbedo CJ, Steiner N. What affects the desiccation tolerance threshold of Brazilian Eugenia (Myrtaceae) seeds? JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2022; 135:579-591. [PMID: 35670888 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-022-01396-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Desiccation sensitive (DS) seeds are shed at high water contents (WC) and metabolically active, but WC thresholds vary broadly among species even in the same genus. Eugenia is an important ecological genus that has high occurrence in several Brazilian morphoclimatic domains. In this study, we assessed seed desiccation tolerance of five Eugenia species collected in specific meteorological conditions. We reported the species geographical ranges and verified the rainfall and temperature of species sites in the year prior to seed collection. We also assessed initial WC, seed germination and vigor and seedling growth upon desiccation. Eugenia uniflora was the widest spread among the five species, while E. astringens was the most restricted. In this specific study, widespread species showed a higher WC threshold than restricted species. In the same way, the WC of fresh seeds was not correlated to the desiccation tolerance threshold. Seed desiccation tolerance was species dependent and correlated with the environmental status of seed collection sites. Wetter and warmer conditions were correlated to the E. uniflora higher DS threshold. Low rainfall and temperature corresponded to a lower desiccation sensitivity of E. astringens seeds. Seeds of the five species lost half viability between 0.44 and 0.25 g H2O g DW- 1 and after 65-270 h of desiccation. Our results indicate that abiotic factors impact plant populations during the seed production season and can drive seed desiccation tolerance threshold and physiological behavior. These results should be taken into account in ex-situ plant conservation programs and tropical species management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danielle da Silva
- Plant Physiology Lab, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Av. César Seara, s/n, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Maiara Iadwizak Ribeiro
- Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais, Nucleo de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Av. Miguel Stefano 3687, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Oscar Alfonso Loaiza-Loaiza
- Plant Physiology Lab, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Av. César Seara, s/n, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Suzana Alcantara
- Plant Systematics Lab, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Av. César Seara, s/n, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Claudio Jose Barbedo
- Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais, Nucleo de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Av. Miguel Stefano 3687, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Neusa Steiner
- Plant Physiology Lab, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Av. César Seara, s/n, Florianópolis, Brazil.
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8
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Biocontrol Methods in Avoidance and Downsizing of Mycotoxin Contamination of Food Crops. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10040655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
By increasing the resistance of seeds against abiotic and biotic stress, the possibility of cereal mold contamination and hence the occurrence of secondary mold metabolites mycotoxins decreases. The use of biological methods of seed treatment represents a complementary strategy, which can be implemented as an environmental-friendlier approach to increase the agricultural sustainability. Whereas the use of resistant cultivars helps to reduce mold growth and mycotoxin contamination at the very beginning of the production chain, biological detoxification of cereals provides additional weapons against fungal pathogens in the later stage. Most efficient techniques can be selected and combined on an industrial scale to reduce losses and boost crop yields and agriculture sustainability, increasing at the same time food and feed safety. This paper strives to emphasize the possibility of implementation of biocontrol methods in the production of resistant seeds and the prevention and reduction in cereal mycotoxin contamination.
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9
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Matilla AJ. The Orthodox Dry Seeds Are Alive: A Clear Example of Desiccation Tolerance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:plants11010020. [PMID: 35009023 PMCID: PMC8747232 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
To survive in the dry state, orthodox seeds acquire desiccation tolerance. As maturation progresses, the seeds gradually acquire longevity, which is the total timespan during which the dry seeds remain viable. The desiccation-tolerance mechanism(s) allow seeds to remain dry without losing their ability to germinate. This adaptive trait has played a key role in the evolution of land plants. Understanding the mechanisms for seed survival after desiccation is one of the central goals still unsolved. That is, the cellular protection during dry state and cell repair during rewatering involves a not entirely known molecular network(s). Although desiccation tolerance is retained in seeds of higher plants, resurrection plants belonging to different plant lineages keep the ability to survive desiccation in vegetative tissue. Abscisic acid (ABA) is involved in desiccation tolerance through tight control of the synthesis of unstructured late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins, heat shock thermostable proteins (sHSPs), and non-reducing oligosaccharides. During seed maturation, the progressive loss of water induces the formation of a so-called cellular "glass state". This glassy matrix consists of soluble sugars, which immobilize macromolecules offering protection to membranes and proteins. In this way, the secondary structure of proteins in dry viable seeds is very stable and remains preserved. ABA insensitive-3 (ABI3), highly conserved from bryophytes to Angiosperms, is essential for seed maturation and is the only transcription factor (TF) required for the acquisition of desiccation tolerance and its re-induction in germinated seeds. It is noteworthy that chlorophyll breakdown during the last step of seed maturation is controlled by ABI3. This update contains some current results directly related to the physiological, genetic, and molecular mechanisms involved in survival to desiccation in orthodox seeds. In other words, the mechanisms that facilitate that an orthodox dry seed is a living entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel J Matilla
- Departamento de Biología Funcional (Área Fisiología Vegetal), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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10
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Abdul Aziz M, Sabeem M, Mullath SK, Brini F, Masmoudi K. Plant Group II LEA Proteins: Intrinsically Disordered Structure for Multiple Functions in Response to Environmental Stresses. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1662. [PMID: 34827660 PMCID: PMC8615533 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to various environmental stresses, plants have evolved a wide range of defense mechanisms, resulting in the overexpression of a series of stress-responsive genes. Among them, there is certain set of genes that encode for intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) that repair and protect the plants from damage caused by environmental stresses. Group II LEA (late embryogenesis abundant) proteins compose the most abundant and characterized group of IDPs; they accumulate in the late stages of seed development and are expressed in response to dehydration, salinity, low temperature, or abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. The physiological and biochemical characterization of group II LEA proteins has been carried out in a number of investigations because of their vital roles in protecting the integrity of biomolecules by preventing the crystallization of cellular components prior to multiple stresses. This review describes the distribution, structural architecture, and genomic diversification of group II LEA proteins, with some recent investigations on their regulation and molecular expression under various abiotic stresses. Novel aspects of group II LEA proteins in Phoenix dactylifera and in orthodox seeds are also presented. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) indicated a ubiquitous distribution and expression of group II LEA genes in different plant cells. In vitro experimental evidence from biochemical assays has suggested that group II LEA proteins perform heterogenous functions in response to extreme stresses. Various investigations have indicated the participation of group II LEA proteins in the plant stress tolerance mechanism, spotlighting the molecular aspects of group II LEA genes and their potential role in biotechnological strategies to increase plants' survival in adverse environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mughair Abdul Aziz
- Integrative Agriculture Department, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (M.A.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Miloofer Sabeem
- Integrative Agriculture Department, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (M.A.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Sangeeta Kutty Mullath
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur 680656, India;
| | - Faical Brini
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, B.P 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia;
| | - Khaled Masmoudi
- Integrative Agriculture Department, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (M.A.A.); (M.S.)
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11
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Li D, Li Y, Qian J, Liu X, Xu H, Zhang G, Ren J, Wang L, Zhang L, Yu H. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Revealed Candidate Genes Potentially Related to Desiccation Sensitivity of Recalcitrant Quercus variabilis Seeds. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:717563. [PMID: 34616414 PMCID: PMC8488369 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.717563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chinese cork oak (Quercus variabilis) is a widely distributed and highly valuable deciduous broadleaf tree from both ecological and economic perspectives. Seeds of this species are recalcitrant, i.e., sensitive to desiccation, which affects their storage and long-term preservation of germplasm. However, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanism of desiccation sensitivity of Q. variabilis seeds. In this study, the seeds were desiccated with silica gel for certain days as different treatments from 0 (Control) to 15 days (T15) with a gradient of 1 day. According to the seed germination percentage, four key stages (Control, T2, T4, and T11) were found. Then the transcriptomic profiles of these four stages were compared. A total of 4,405, 4,441, and 5,907 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in T2 vs. Control, T4 vs. Control, and T11 vs. Control, respectively. Among them, 2,219 DEGs were overlapped in the three comparison groups. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs were enriched into 124 pathways, such as "Plant hormone signal transduction" and "Glycerophospholipid metabolism". DEGs related to hormone biosynthesis and signal transduction (ZEP, YUC, PYR, ABI5, ERF1B, etc.), stress response proteins (LEA D-29, HSP70, etc.), and phospholipase D (PLD1) were detected during desiccation. These genes and their interactions may determine the desiccation sensitivity of seeds. In addition, group specific DEGs were also identified in T2 vs. Control (PP2C62, UNE12, etc.), T4 vs. Control (WRKY1-like, WAK10, etc.), and T11 vs. Control (IBH1, bZIP44, etc.), respectively. Finally, a possible work model was proposed to show the molecular regulation mechanism of desiccation sensitivity in Q. variabilis seeds. This is the first report on the molecular regulation mechanism of desiccation sensitivity of Q. variabilis seeds using RNA-Seq. The findings could make a great contribution to seed storage and long-term conservation of recalcitrant seeds in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Yingchao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Jialian Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Huihui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Guowei Zhang
- Hongya Mountain State-Owned Forest Farm of Hebei, Yixian, China
| | - Junjie Ren
- Hongya Mountain State-Owned Forest Farm of Hebei, Yixian, China
| | - Libing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- College of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
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12
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Gómez-Maqueo X, Figueroa-Corona L, Martínez-Villegas JA, Soriano D, Gamboa-deBuen A. The Relevance of a Physiological-Stage Approach Study of the Molecular and Environmental Factors Regulating Seed Germination in Wild Plants. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10061084. [PMID: 34071163 PMCID: PMC8226667 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Germination represents the culmination of the seed developmental program and is affected by the conditions prevailing during seed maturation in the mother plant. During maturation, the dormancy condition and tolerance to dehydration are established. These characteristics are modulated by the environment to which they are subjected, having an important impact on wild species. In this work, a review was made of the molecular bases of the maturation, the processes of dormancy imposition and loss, as well as the germination process in different wild species with different life histories, and from diverse habitats. It is also specified which of these species present a certain type of management. The impact that the domestication process has had on certain characteristics of the seed is discussed, as well as the importance of determining physiological stages based on morphological characteristics, to face the complexities of the study of these species and preserve their genetic diversity and physiological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Gómez-Maqueo
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (X.G.-M.); (L.F.-C.); (J.A.M.-V.)
| | - Laura Figueroa-Corona
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (X.G.-M.); (L.F.-C.); (J.A.M.-V.)
| | - Jorge Arturo Martínez-Villegas
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (X.G.-M.); (L.F.-C.); (J.A.M.-V.)
| | - Diana Soriano
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Alicia Gamboa-deBuen
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (X.G.-M.); (L.F.-C.); (J.A.M.-V.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Smolikova G, Leonova T, Vashurina N, Frolov A, Medvedev S. Desiccation Tolerance as the Basis of Long-Term Seed Viability. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E101. [PMID: 33374189 PMCID: PMC7795748 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Desiccation tolerance appeared as the key adaptation feature of photoautotrophic organisms for survival in terrestrial habitats. During the further evolution, vascular plants developed complex anatomy structures and molecular mechanisms to maintain the hydrated state of cell environment and sustain dehydration. However, the role of the genes encoding the mechanisms behind this adaptive feature of terrestrial plants changed with their evolution. Thus, in higher vascular plants it is restricted to protection of spores, seeds and pollen from dehydration, whereas the mature vegetative stages became sensitive to desiccation. During maturation, orthodox seeds lose up to 95% of water and successfully enter dormancy. This feature allows seeds maintaining their viability even under strongly fluctuating environmental conditions. The mechanisms behind the desiccation tolerance are activated at the late seed maturation stage and are associated with the accumulation of late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins, small heat shock proteins (sHSP), non-reducing oligosaccharides, and antioxidants of different chemical nature. The main regulators of maturation and desiccation tolerance are abscisic acid and protein DOG1, which control the network of transcription factors, represented by LEC1, LEC2, FUS3, ABI3, ABI5, AGL67, PLATZ1, PLATZ2. This network is complemented by epigenetic regulation of gene expression via methylation of DNA, post-translational modifications of histones and chromatin remodeling. These fine regulatory mechanisms allow orthodox seeds maintaining desiccation tolerance during the whole period of germination up to the stage of radicle protrusion. This time point, in which seeds lose desiccation tolerance, is critical for the whole process of seed development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Smolikova
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Tatiana Leonova
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (T.L.); (N.V.); (A.F.)
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Natalia Vashurina
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (T.L.); (N.V.); (A.F.)
| | - Andrej Frolov
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (T.L.); (N.V.); (A.F.)
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sergei Medvedev
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;
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14
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Smolikova G, Gorbach D, Lukasheva E, Mavropolo-Stolyarenko G, Bilova T, Soboleva A, Tsarev A, Romanovskaya E, Podolskaya E, Zhukov V, Tikhonovich I, Medvedev S, Hoehenwarter W, Frolov A. Bringing New Methods to the Seed Proteomics Platform: Challenges and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9162. [PMID: 33271881 PMCID: PMC7729594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
For centuries, crop plants have represented the basis of the daily human diet. Among them, cereals and legumes, accumulating oils, proteins, and carbohydrates in their seeds, distinctly dominate modern agriculture, thus play an essential role in food industry and fuel production. Therefore, seeds of crop plants are intensively studied by food chemists, biologists, biochemists, and nutritional physiologists. Accordingly, seed development and germination as well as age- and stress-related alterations in seed vigor, longevity, nutritional value, and safety can be addressed by a broad panel of analytical, biochemical, and physiological methods. Currently, functional genomics is one of the most powerful tools, giving direct access to characteristic metabolic changes accompanying plant development, senescence, and response to biotic or abiotic stress. Among individual post-genomic methodological platforms, proteomics represents one of the most effective ones, giving access to cellular metabolism at the level of proteins. During the recent decades, multiple methodological advances were introduced in different branches of life science, although only some of them were established in seed proteomics so far. Therefore, here we discuss main methodological approaches already employed in seed proteomics, as well as those still waiting for implementation in this field of plant research, with a special emphasis on sample preparation, data acquisition, processing, and post-processing. Thereby, the overall goal of this review is to bring new methodologies emerging in different areas of proteomics research (clinical, food, ecological, microbial, and plant proteomics) to the broad society of seed biologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Smolikova
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University; 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (G.S.); (T.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Daria Gorbach
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University; 199178 St. Petersburg, Russia; (D.G.); (E.L.); (G.M.-S.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (E.R.)
| | - Elena Lukasheva
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University; 199178 St. Petersburg, Russia; (D.G.); (E.L.); (G.M.-S.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (E.R.)
| | - Gregory Mavropolo-Stolyarenko
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University; 199178 St. Petersburg, Russia; (D.G.); (E.L.); (G.M.-S.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (E.R.)
| | - Tatiana Bilova
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University; 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (G.S.); (T.B.); (S.M.)
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry; 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Alena Soboleva
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University; 199178 St. Petersburg, Russia; (D.G.); (E.L.); (G.M.-S.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (E.R.)
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry; 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Alexander Tsarev
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University; 199178 St. Petersburg, Russia; (D.G.); (E.L.); (G.M.-S.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (E.R.)
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry; 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ekaterina Romanovskaya
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University; 199178 St. Petersburg, Russia; (D.G.); (E.L.); (G.M.-S.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (E.R.)
| | - Ekaterina Podolskaya
- Institute of Analytical Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Science; 190103 St. Petersburg, Russia;
- Institute of Toxicology, Russian Federal Medical Agency; 192019 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir Zhukov
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology; 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia; (V.Z.); (I.T.)
| | - Igor Tikhonovich
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology; 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia; (V.Z.); (I.T.)
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, St. Petersburg State University; 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergei Medvedev
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University; 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (G.S.); (T.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Wolfgang Hoehenwarter
- Proteome Analytics Research Group, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Andrej Frolov
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University; 199178 St. Petersburg, Russia; (D.G.); (E.L.); (G.M.-S.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (E.R.)
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry; 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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15
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Amimi N, Dussert S, Vaissayre V, Ghouil H, Doulbeau S, Costantini C, Ammari Y, Joët T. Variation in seed traits among Mediterranean oaks in Tunisia and their ecological significance. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2020; 125:891-904. [PMID: 31904087 PMCID: PMC7218815 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Oaks are the foundation and dominant tree species of most Mediterranean forests. As climate models predict dramatic changes in the Mediterranean basin, a better understanding of the ecophysiology of seed persistence and germination in oaks could help define their regeneration niches. Tunisian oaks occupy distinct geographical areas, which differ in their rainfall and temperature regimes, and are thus a valuable model to investigate relationships between seed traits and species ecological requirements. METHODS Seed morphological traits, desiccation sensitivity level, lethal freezing temperature, embryonic axis and cotyledon sugar and lipid composition, and seed and acorn germination rates at various constant temperatures were measured in Quercus canariensis, Q. coccifera, Q. ilex and Q. suber, using seeds sampled in 22 Tunisian woodlands. KEY RESULTS Only faint differences were observed for desiccation sensitivity in the oak species studied. By contrast, the species differed significantly in sensitivity to freezing, germination rates at low temperature and base temperature. Quercus ilex and Q. canariensis, which occur at high elevations where frost events are frequent, showed the lowest freezing sensitivity. A significant correlation was found between hexose contents in the embryonic axis and freezing tolerance. Significant interspecific differences in the time for seeds to germinate and the time for the radicle to pierce the pericarp were observed. The ratio of pericarp mass to acorn mass differed significantly among the species and was negatively correlated with the acorn germination rate. Quercus coccifera, which is frequent in warm and arid environments, showed the highest acorn germination rate and synchrony. CONCLUSIONS Seed lethal temperature, seed germination time at low temperatures, the ratio of pericarp mass to acorn mass and the embryonic axis hexose content appeared to be key functional traits that may influence the geographical ranges and ecological requirements of Mediterranean oaks in Tunisia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Amimi
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Forestière, INRGREF Tunis, Rue Hédi EL Karray El Menzah IV, BP 10, 2080 Ariana, Tunisia
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, 7021 Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Stéphane Dussert
- IRD, Université Montpellier, UMR DIADE, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Virginie Vaissayre
- IRD, Université Montpellier, UMR DIADE, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Hana Ghouil
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, 7021 Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Sylvie Doulbeau
- IRD, Université Montpellier, UMR DIADE, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Youssef Ammari
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Forestière, INRGREF Tunis, Rue Hédi EL Karray El Menzah IV, BP 10, 2080 Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Thierry Joët
- IRD, Université Montpellier, UMR DIADE, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier, France
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16
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Chau MM, Chambers T, Weisenberger L, Keir M, Kroessig TI, Wolkis D, Kam R, Yoshinaga AY. Seed freeze sensitivity and ex situ longevity of 295 species in the native Hawaiian flora. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2019; 106:1248-1270. [PMID: 31502257 PMCID: PMC6856683 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Ex situ seed banking is critical for plant conservation globally, especially for threatened floras in tropical ecosystems like Hawai'i. Seed bank managers must maximize longevity, and species managers must plan restoration before seeds lose viability. Previous observations suggested some native Hawaiian seeds lost viability in frozen storage (-18°C). We investigated seed storage behavior in the Hawaiian flora to optimize storage conditions and recommend re-collection intervals (RCI) to maximize viability of stored seeds. METHODS Using 20+ years of real-time seed storage viability data, we tested freeze sensitivity for 197 species and calculated RCIs for 295 species. Using paired tests of accessions stored >2 yr at 5°C and -18°C, we developed an index of relative performance to determine freeze sensitivity. We calculated RCIs at 70% of highest germination (P70). RESULTS We identified four families (Campanulaceae, Cyperaceae, Rubiaceae, and Urticaceae) and four genera with seed freeze sensitivity and six additional genera with likely freeze sensitivity. Storage longevity was variable, but 195 species had viability >70% at the most recent tests (1 to 20+ yr), 123 species had RCIs >10 yr, and 45 species had RCIs <5 yr. CONCLUSIONS Freeze sensitive storage behavior is more widely observed in Hawai'i than any other regional flora, perhaps due to insufficient testing elsewhere. We present a new protocol to test seed freeze sensitivity, which is often not evident until 2-5 years of storage. Re-collection intervals will guide restoration practices in Hawai'i, and results inform seed conservation efforts globally, especially tropical and subtropical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian M. Chau
- Lyon ArboretumUniversity of Hawai‘i at MānoaHonoluluHI96822USA
| | - Timothy Chambers
- U. S. Army Natural Resources Program on O‘ahuSchofield BarracksHI96857USA
| | - Lauren Weisenberger
- U. S. Fish and Wildlife ServicePacific Islands Fish and Wildlife OfficeHonoluluHI96850USA
| | - Matthew Keir
- State of Hawai‘i Department of Land and Natural Resources – Division of Forestry and WildlifeHonoluluHI96813USA
| | | | | | - Roy Kam
- U. S. Army Natural Resources Program on O‘ahuSchofield BarracksHI96857USA
| | - Alvin Y. Yoshinaga
- Lyon ArboretumUniversity of Hawai‘i at MānoaHonoluluHI96822USA
- Center for Conservation Research and TrainingPacific Biosciences Research CenterUniversity of Hawai‘i at MānoaHonoluluHI96822USA (Retired)
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17
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Ferreira Moura AC, Ribeiro LM, Mazzottini-Dos-Santos HC, Mercadante-Simões MO, Nunes YRF. Cytological and histochemical evaluations reveal roles of the cotyledonary petiole in the germination and seedling development of Mauritia flexuosa (Arecaceae). PROTOPLASMA 2019; 256:1299-1316. [PMID: 31049757 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-019-01375-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The cotyledonary petiole (CP) completely envelops the embryo axis during embryogenesis in Arecaceae. There is little information available, however, on the roles of that structure in seed germination and initial seedling development-crucial plant life cycle phases. The study therefore sought to evaluate the roles of CP in the germination and post-seminal development of the recalcitrant seeds of Mauritia flexuosa, an ecologically and economically important neotropical palm. The CP and the embryo/vegetative axis were evaluated during germination and initial seedling development using standard morphological, anatomical, histochemical, and ultrastructural methodologies. Evaluations of dormant seeds incubated for 60 days were also performed. The CP (a) promotes seedling protrusion in the germination, extending the embryo axis outside the seed; (b) protects the vegetative axis through the development of coating rich in phenolic compounds and lignin; (c) participates in reserve translocation, with the conversion of its own proteinaceous/mucilaginous reserves into transitional starch, as well as acting in the transport of endospermic reserves; (d) favors aeration, with the formation of pathways among stomata, substomatal chambers, and intercellular spaces; (e) controls seedling morphogenesis by modulating the curvature of the vegetative axis; and (f) contributes to overcoming seed bank dormancy through cytological alterations (protein synthesis and mitochondrial proliferation). The cotyledonary petiole of palms is a unique and multifunctional structure among angiosperms, with crucial roles in germination and seedling establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Caroline Ferreira Moura
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Vila Mauricéia, Montes Claros, MG, 39401-089, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Monteiro Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Vila Mauricéia, Montes Claros, MG, 39401-089, Brazil.
| | | | - Maria Olívia Mercadante-Simões
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Vila Mauricéia, Montes Claros, MG, 39401-089, Brazil
| | - Yule Roberta Ferreira Nunes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Vila Mauricéia, Montes Claros, MG, 39401-089, Brazil
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18
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Marques A, Nijveen H, Somi C, Ligterink W, Hilhorst H. Induction of desiccation tolerance in desiccation sensitive Citrus limon seeds. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 61:624-638. [PMID: 30697936 PMCID: PMC6593971 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Many economically important perennial species bear recalcitrant seeds, including tea, coffee, cocoa, mango, citrus, rubber, oil palm and coconut. Orthodox seeds can be dried almost completely without losing viability, but so-called recalcitrant seeds have a very limited storage life and die upon drying below a higher critical moisture content than orthodox seeds. As a result, the development of long-term storage methods for recalcitrant seeds is compromised. Lowering this critical moisture content would be very valuable since dry seed storage is the safest, most convenient and cheapest method for conserving plant genetic resources. Therefore, we have attempted to induce desiccation tolerance (DT) in the desiccation sensitive seeds of Citrus limon. We show that DT can be induced by paclobutrazol (an inhibitor of gibberellin biosynthesis) and we studied its associated transcriptome to delineate the molecular mechanisms underlying this induction of DT. Paclobutrazol not only interfered with gibberellin related gene expression but also caused extensive changes in expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis and signaling of other hormones. Paclobutrazol induced a transcriptomic switch encompassing suppression of biotic- and induction of abiotic responses. We hypothesize that this is the main driver of the induction of DT by paclobutrazol in C. limon seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Marques
- Laboratory of Plant PhysiologyWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Harm Nijveen
- Laboratory of Plant PhysiologyWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
- Bioinformatics GroupWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Charles Somi
- Laboratory of Plant PhysiologyWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Wilco Ligterink
- Laboratory of Plant PhysiologyWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Henk Hilhorst
- Laboratory of Plant PhysiologyWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
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