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Nguyen VNB, Brand G, Gardiner S, Moses S, Collison L, Griffin K, Morphet J. A snapshot of Australian primary health care nursing workforce characteristics and reasons they work in these settings: A longitudinal retrospective study. Nurs Open 2023. [PMID: 37141515 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM This article aimed to provide a snapshot of demographics and professional characteristics of nursing and midwifery workforce in Australian primary health care (PHC) settings during 2015-2019 and factors that influenced their decisions to work in PHC. DESIGN Longitudinal retrospective survey. METHODS Longitudinal data that were collected from a descriptive workforce survey were retrieved retrospectively. After collation and cleaning, data from 7066 participants were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS version 27.0. RESULTS The majority of the participants were female, aged between 45 and 64 years old and working in general practice. There was a small yet steady increase in the number of participants in the 25-34 age group and a downward trend in the percentage of postgraduate study completion among participants. While factors perceived most/least important to their decision to work in PHC were consistent during 2015-2019, these factors differed among different age groups and postgraduate qualification holders. This study's findings are both novel and supported by previous research. It is necessary to tailor recruitment and retention strategies to nurses/midwives' age groups and qualifications to attract and retain highly skilled and qualified nursing and midwifery workforce in PHC settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van N B Nguyen
- Monash School of Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gabrielle Brand
- Monash School of Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shanthi Gardiner
- Australian Primary Health Care Nurse Association, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Samantha Moses
- Australian Primary Health Care Nurse Association, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa Collison
- Australian Primary Health Care Nurse Association, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ken Griffin
- Australian Primary Health Care Nurse Association, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julia Morphet
- Monash School of Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Blay N, Sousa MS, Rowles M, Murray‐Parahi P. The community nurse in Australia. Who are they? A rapid systematic review. J Nurs Manag 2022; 30:154-168. [PMID: 34634180 PMCID: PMC9298142 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to profile the community nurse in Australia. BACKGROUND The need for nurses in the community health care sector is increasing in response to shorter hospital stays, an aging population and chronic disease. The increase in demand has not been followed by appropriate workforce planning, leading to structural issues and lack of qualified nursing workforce in the community sector. EVALUATION MEDLINE and ProQuest Public Health and grey literature were searched for records published between 2010 and 2020 relative to the profile of the community nurse in Australia. Twenty-five records (21 publications, 2 databases and 2 reports) were included in the review. Abstracted data followed the principles of workforce planning and included demographics, qualifications and roles. KEY ISSUES Inconsistent definitions, self-reported data and a focus on practice nurses have contributed to data irregularities. Little is known about the specific aspects of community nursing work. CONCLUSION A lack of concrete data has overshadowed a community nursing workforce crisis with implications for patients' health and safety across the lifespan. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT There is urgent need for nurse managers globally to refocus nursing recruitment to the community sector to maintain quality and ensure sustainability of the nursing workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Blay
- Centre for Applied Nursing Research, School of Nursing and MidwiferyWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNew South WalesAustralia
- Centre for Applied Nursing Research (CANR)Ingham Institute for Applied Medical ResearchLiverpoolNew South WalesAustralia
- Nursing and MidwiferySouth Western Sydney Local Health DistrictLiverpoolNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Mariana S. Sousa
- Centre for Applied Nursing Research, School of Nursing and MidwiferyWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNew South WalesAustralia
- Nursing and MidwiferySouth Western Sydney Local Health DistrictLiverpoolNew South WalesAustralia
- Faculty of HealthUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Mick Rowles
- Nursing and MidwiferySouth Western Sydney Local Health DistrictLiverpoolNew South WalesAustralia
- Primary and Community Health DivisionSouth Western Sydney Local Health DistrictLiverpoolNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Pauline Murray‐Parahi
- Centre for Applied Nursing Research, School of Nursing and MidwiferyWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNew South WalesAustralia
- Nursing and MidwiferySouth Western Sydney Local Health DistrictLiverpoolNew South WalesAustralia
- Faculty of HealthUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia
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Clayton M, Fabrellas N, Luo J, Alghamdi MG, Hafez A, Qadiri TA, Owise N, Attia D. From NAFLD to MAFLD: Nurse and allied health perspective. Liver Int 2021; 41:683-691. [PMID: 33453067 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Fatty liver disease associated with metabolic dysfunction is the most prevalent liver disease worldwide, though both patient and health professional still lack awareness of it. An international consensus panel has produced what is sure to be an influential report renaming the disease from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to metabolic (dysfunction) associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and suggesting how the disease should be diagnosed. This viewpoint explores the call from the perspective of nurse and allied health practitioners. This group have raised serious concerns on the existing nomenclature, which labels the disease as NAFLD, and its diagnostic criteria, including provoking nurse role confusion and representing a major barrier to various key aspects; patient-nurse communications, patient awareness, partnership working, motivation of patients to undertake lifestyle changes and multiple health behaviour change promotion and nurse-led clinics. Therefore, they are enthusiastically supportive of this call to reframe the disease that we believe will ultimately have a positive impact on nurse-patient communication, and through this, improve patient care and quality of life and reduce burden on health system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Clayton
- Lecturer in Liver Care, School of Healthcare, University of Leeds and Liver Nurse Educator, Leeds Liver Unit, St James's University Hospital, Chair of The British Liver Nurses' Association (BLNA), Leeds, UK
| | - Núria Fabrellas
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jinkai Luo
- Department of Nursing, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mohammed G Alghamdi
- Ministry of Health, President of the Saudi Nurses Association at Saudi Commission for Health Specialties (SCFHS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azaa Hafez
- Faculty of Nursing, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | | | - Nevin Owise
- Birzeit University, Modern university of college, Palestine medical complex, Palestine
| | - Dina Attia
- Department of Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Endemic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Calma KRB, Halcomb E, Williams A, McInnes S. Final-year undergraduate nursing students' perceptions of general practice nursing: A qualitative study. J Clin Nurs 2021; 30:1144-1153. [PMID: 33461242 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.15662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore final-year nursing students' perceptions of general practice nursing. BACKGROUND The need for general practice nurses has increased due to growing demands for health care in the community. This demand is exacerbated by a shortage in the general practice nursing workforce. Understanding final-year nursing students' perceptions of general practice nursing is important as these may influence career choices. DESIGN Qualitative descriptive study within a mixed methods project. METHODS Telephone interviews were conducted with sixteen final-year nursing students. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis. Reporting follows the COREQ checklist. RESULTS Perceptions of general practice nursing varied between participants and related to three main themes; ways of working; a broad role to meet diverse health needs; and relationships with patients. General practice nurses were seen to have stable and collaborative working relationships, with their role ranging from supporting general practitioners to being autonomous professionals. The nurse's broad role was associated with diverse presentations and was considered interesting and challenging. Participants perceived that general practice nurses had more time to spend with patients, and this helped establish trust, and facilitated patient-centred care. CONCLUSION Participants' perceptions of general practice nursing varied, with some students recognising the diversity of the role and others perceiving it as limited. These views were often impacted by others experiences rather than personal experience. These variations underscore the need for students to receive greater exposure to general practice nursing. Review of undergraduate curricula to increase focus on preparing nursing students to work in general practice may help shape students' interest to seek employment in this setting. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Students perceptions of a clinical setting can influence their career decisions. Understanding these perceptions can inform clinicians and managers and highlight areas that may need to be addressed to promote career opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaara Ray B Calma
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Science, Medicine & Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Halcomb
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Science, Medicine & Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Anna Williams
- School of Nursing, University of Notre Dame, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Susan McInnes
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Science, Medicine & Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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Murray-Parahi P, DiGiacomo M, Jackson D, Phillips J, Davidson PM. Primary health care content in Australian undergraduate nursing curricula. Collegian 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colegn.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lewis R, Ibbotson R, Kelly S. Student nurses' career intentions following placements in general practice through the advanced training practices scheme (ATPS): findings from an online survey. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2019; 19:448. [PMID: 31796003 PMCID: PMC6889438 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-019-1880-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The demand for General Practice services in the UK, and elsewhere, is rising quickly. In part, the increasing demand is from an aging population that requires management of multiple long-term conditions. The General Practice Nurse is increasingly taking on the role. It is acknowledged that if general practice is to be able to recruit sufficient General Practice Nurses (GPNs) to meet this increasing demand in the future, new graduate nurses must be encouraged to consider general practice as a viable career option. This research is part of a review of the Advanced Training Practice Scheme (ATPS) which supported clinical placements in participating general practices. METHODS The aim of the study was to examine nursing students' perceptions of GP placements, and their effect upon career intentions following graduation from Sheffield Hallam University (SHU), in the UK. Interviews and an online survey were used collect data. Only the survey is reported here. The bespoke survey examined students' views of: opportunities for learning new clinical skills and consolidating existing clinical skills; the learning environment in general practice and their views on a career in general practice. RESULTS One thousand one hundred twenty undergraduate adult-field nursing students were contacted, with a response rate of 41% (N = 462). Ninety respondents had a placement and, 92% (N = 84) viewed practice nursing positively, and 77% (N = 70) felt that the placement had transformed their views on general practice. The opportunity to participate in the management of the various aspects of chronic disease was identified by 84% (N = 76) of the students as a key new skill they had acquired. They also reported that they valued a team ethos, control over aspects of work, and the variety of health problems they encountered. CONCLUSION The findings from this study demonstrate a positive experience arising from the provision of General Practice placements for nursing students. The use of 'targeted' placement schemes with appropriate support such as this may be seen as a viable way of exposing nursing students to General Practice nursing, and of encouraging new graduate nurses to consider General Practice nursing as a viable career option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Lewis
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Rachel Ibbotson
- Department of Allied Health Profession, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Shona Kelly
- Department of Social Work, Social Care and Community Studies, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
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Miller-Rosser K, Colgrave J, Stockhausen L. The student experience of a 'kidney CAMP' as a primary care clinical placement for undergraduate nursing students. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2019; 83:104198. [PMID: 31513987 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2019.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Historically clinical placements have been within acute care settings. In a more contemporary society, the future focus of health care is primary care, with an emphasis in expanding primary care clinical placements, to meet the needs of increasing workforce requirements. An innovative collaborative educational model was designed to provide a high quality learning experience and to increase numbers of students experiencing a primary care clinical placement. OBJECTIVE To explore student nurses' lived experiences within an innovative primary care setting. METHODS A qualitative case study was undertaken to analyse nursing students' experiences at the Kidney Kids Camp primary care clinical placement. FINDINGS Participants described how the primary care placement changed their view of nursing and the nurses' role. Five themes emerged from the research: developing knowing through children's eyes; entering the world of primary care; facing a journey of self-discovery; it's all in the way you communicate and; it makes you think differently about nursing. DISCUSSION The experience of this primary care placement enabled nursing students to enter the world of children living with chronic illness. Immersing students into this unique environment enabled them to gain a greater insight into primary care through the eyes of the children. CONCLUSION Kidney Kids camp experiences presented nursing students with an enhanced appreciation of primary care nursing, working with children, and an understanding of the impact of chronic health illnesses, through the primary care lens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolleen Miller-Rosser
- Southern Cross University, Nursing Academic, Hogbin Drive, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, Australia.
| | - June Colgrave
- Southern Cross University, Nursing Academic, Hogbin Drive, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, Australia.
| | - Lynette Stockhausen
- Southern Cross University, Nursing Academic, Hogbin Drive, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, Australia.
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Byfield Z, East L, Conway J. An integrative literature review of pre-registration nursing students’ attitudes and perceptions towards primary healthcare. Collegian 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colegn.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Calma KRB, Halcomb E, Stephens M. The impact of curriculum on nursing students’ attitudes, perceptions and preparedness to work in primary health care: An integrative review. Nurse Educ Pract 2019; 39:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Harvey C, Hegney D, Sobolewska A, Chamberlain D, Wood E, Wirihana L, Mclellan S, Hendricks J, Wake T. Developing a community-based nursing and midwifery career pathway - A narrative systematic review. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211160. [PMID: 30921338 PMCID: PMC6438448 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Community nursing and midwifery is changing in response to a shift in care from hospital to home, brought about by increasing costs to care because of an aging population and increasing chronicity. Until now, community nursing positions and scope of practice has been dependent on service focus and location, which has led to the role being unclearly defined. Lack of appeal for a career in community practice and a looming workforce shortage necessitates a review into how community nursing and midwifery transition to practice is supported. METHODS This review sought to identify, assess and summarize available evidence relating to transitioning into community nursing and midwifery practice as a speciality. A systematic review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses approach. A narrative synthesis was then undertaken on papers that examined community nursing and midwifery pathway perspectives which define, and enable or inhibit a contemporary pathway. Thematic analysis used a theoretical framework developed for early career and rapid transition to nursing specialty practice. RESULTS There is a paucity of research that identifies community nursing and midwifery as a discreet scope of practice. Twelve papers were eventually included in the review. Verbatim findings were extracted from the papers and clustered into categories based on the chosen theoretical framework. Major themes were 'the self' (professional and personal); 'transition processes'; and, a 'sense of belonging'. Sub themes included narrative identifying inhibitors and enablers in each theme. DISCUSSION No definition of community practice or pathway was identified in nursing, although midwifery was clearly defined. Community nursing practice was described as generalist in nature although specialist knowledge is required. Being part of the community in the professional sense and personal sense was considered important. The importance of transition was identified where pre-entry exposure to community practice was seen as important. Stages in transition to practice were recognised as pre-entry; incomer; insider; and, a sense of belonging. The process of transition should be planned and individualised acknowledging past experience whilst acknowledging the specialist nature of community-based practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Harvey
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Science, Central Queensland University, Townsville campus, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Desley Hegney
- Research Division, Central Queensland University, Brisbane Campus, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- The Nursing School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Agnieszka Sobolewska
- Research Division, Central Queensland University, Brisbane Campus, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Diane Chamberlain
- College of Nursing & Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Elspeth Wood
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Science, Central Queensland University, Townsville campus, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lisa Wirihana
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Science, Central Queensland University, Noosa Campus, Noosa, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sandy Mclellan
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Science, Central Queensland University, Mackay campus, Mackay, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joyce Hendricks
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Science, Central Queensland University, Bundaberg Campus, Bundaberg, Queensland, Australia
| | - Troy Wake
- Mackay Health Service, Department of Health, Proserpine, Queensland, Australia
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Jones D, Ballard J, Dyson R, Macbeth P, Lyle D, Sunny P, Thomas A, Sharma I. A community engaged primary healthcare strategy to address rural school student inequities: a descriptive paper. Prim Health Care Res Dev 2019; 20:e26. [PMID: 32799982 PMCID: PMC6476386 DOI: 10.1017/s1463423618000907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This descriptive paper aims to describe the design and implementation of a community engaged primary healthcare strategy in rural Australia, the Primary Healthcare Registered Nurse: Schools-Based strategy. This strategy seeks to address the health, education and social inequities confronting children and adolescents through community engaged service provision and nursing practice. BACKGROUND There have been increasing calls for primary healthcare approaches to address rural health inequities, including contextualised healthcare, enhanced healthcare access, community engagement in needs and solutions identification and local-level collaborations. However, rural healthcare can be poorly aligned to community contexts and needs and be firmly entrenched in health systems, marginalising community participation. METHODS This strategy has been designed to enhance nursing service and practice responsiveness to the rural context, primary healthcare principles, and community experiences and expectations of healthcare. The strategy is underpinned by a cross-sector collaboration between a local health district, school education and a university department of rural health. A research framework is being developed to explore strategy impacts for service recipients, cross-sector systems, and the establishment and maintenance of a primary healthcare nursing workforce. FINDINGS Although in the early stages of implementation, key learnings have been acquired and strategic, relationship, resource and workforce gains achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra Jones
- The University of Sydney Director Primary Health Care, Broken Hill University Department of Rural Health, Broken Hill, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Ballard
- Nursing and Midwifery Directorate, Nurse Manager Policy Practice and Initiatives, Far West Local Health District, Broken Hill, Australia
| | - Robert Dyson
- Networked Specialist Centre Facilitator, New South Wales Department of Education, Broken Hill, Australia
| | - Peter Macbeth
- Far West Network, NSW Department of Education Director Educational Leadership, Broken Hill, Australia
| | - David Lyle
- The University of Sydney Head of Department, Broken Hill University Department of Rural Health, Broken Hill, Australia
| | - Palatty Sunny
- Far West Local Health District Primary Health Care Registered Nurse: Schools-Based, Bachelor of Nursing, Broken Hill, Australia
| | - Anu Thomas
- Far West Local Health District Primary Health Care Registered Nurse: Schools-Based, Bachelor of Nursing, Broken Hill, Australia
| | - Indira Sharma
- Far West Local Health District Primary Health Care Registered Nurse: Schools-Based, Bachelor of Nursing, Broken Hill, Australia
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McInnes S, Halcomb E, Huckel K, Ashley C. Experiences of registered nurses in a general practice-based new graduate program: a qualitative study. Aust J Prim Health 2019; 25:366-373. [DOI: 10.1071/py19089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nurses are increasingly needed in primary healthcare settings to support community-based healthcare delivery. Programs to facilitate transition of new graduate nurses are well established in acute care; however, there are few similar programs reported in settings like general practice. This paper sought to explore the experiences of new graduate registered nurses and their registered nurse mentors in a new graduate program within Australian general practice. New graduates (n = 9) and their mentors participated in interviews before, during and at the conclusion of a 12-month new graduate program. Interviews were digitally audio-recorded and professionally transcribed verbatim before being analysed using thematic analysis. Eighteen new graduate and 10 mentor interviews were conducted, revealing four themes. Preparation and Opportunities describes the influence that pre-registration education had on preparing nurses for general practice employment. Exceeding Expectations highlights the positive experiences within the program. Program Challenges draws attention to the difficulties experienced by participants, and Future Career Intentions explores future career plans. This study highlights that a general practice new graduate nurse program has the potential to build the workforce. However, strengthening undergraduate preparation of nurses around primary health care and addressing funding issues in general practice, are important to promote the success of such programs.
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Christiansen A, Jacob E, Twigg D. Is it time to consider a four year Nursing Bachelor Degree in Australia? A discussion paper. Collegian 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colegn.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Thomas TH, Bloomfield JG, Gordon CJ, Aggar C. Australia’s first Transition to Professional Practice in Primary Care Program: Qualitative findings from a mixed-method evaluation. Collegian 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colegn.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Mackey S, Kwok C, Anderson J, Hatcher D, Laver S, Dickson C, Stewart L. Australian student nurse's knowledge of and attitudes toward primary health care: A cross-sectional study. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2018; 60:127-132. [PMID: 29100077 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurses have a pivotal role in changing the focus of the health system toward a primary health care approach, yet little is known about the effectiveness of nursing students' educational preparation for this role. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to investigate undergraduate Australian nursing students' knowledge of and attitudes toward the primary health care approach. DESIGN A cross-sectional, descriptive research design was applied. SETTING Two Australian universities, one with a rural base and one in the metropolitan area of Sydney, were involved. Both universities offer undergraduate and postgraduate nursing courses on multiple campuses. PARTICIPANTS A convenience sample of 286 undergraduate nursing students, each of whom had completed a unit of study on PHC. All provided consent to participate in the study. METHODS Data was collected using the Primary Health Care Questionnaire via online survey platform SurveyMonkey for a period of three weeks in June 2015. RESULTS Total knowledge scores ranged from 19.68 to 95.78 with the mean knowledge score being 69.19. Total attitude scores ranged from 33.12 to 93.88 with a mean score of 70.45. Comparison of knowledge scores showed mean scores of students born in Australia were significantly higher than those of students who were born overseas (p=0.01), and mean scores of students enrolled in the metropolitan university were also significantly higher than mean scores of students' enrolled in the rural university (p=0.002). In terms of attitudes scores, mean scores of Australian-born students were significantly higher than those of students born overseas (p=0.001), and older students' mean attitude scores were shown to be significantly higher than younger students' (p<0.005). CONCLUSIONS Student's age, country of origin and university location were shown to be significant influences on student's knowledge of and attitudes toward primary health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Mackey
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, NSW, Australia.
| | - Cannas Kwok
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, NSW, Australia.
| | - Judith Anderson
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Indigenous Health, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst Campus, Bathurst, NSW, Australia.
| | - Deborah Hatcher
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, NSW, Australia.
| | - Sharon Laver
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Indigenous Health, Charles Sturt University, Albury Wodonga Campus, Albury, NSW, Australia.
| | - Cathy Dickson
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, NSW, Australia.
| | - Lyn Stewart
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, NSW, Australia.
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Heywood T, Laurence C. An overview of the general practice nurse workforce in Australia, 2012–15. Aust J Prim Health 2018; 24:227-232. [DOI: 10.1071/py17048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Several surveys of the general practice nurse (GPN) workforce have been undertaken in Australia over the last decade, but they have limitations, which mean that the workforce is not well-understood. The aim of this study is to describe the profile of the GPN workforce using the dataset available through the Australia Health Practitioner Registration Agency and to explore how it differs from the non-GPN nursing workforce, and if this workforce is changing over time. Data from labour force surveys conducted from 2012 to 2015 were used. Variables examined were age group, gender, remoteness area, hours worked, nurse type (enrolled (EN) or registered (RN)), years in the workforce and also intended years of work before exiting the workforce. When compared with the broader nursing workforce, a greater proportion of GPNs in 2015 were older (60 v. 51%), worked part-time (65 v. 48%) and worked in regional areas (35 v. 26%). Additionally, the characteristics of GPNs has changed between 2012 and 2015, with an increased proportion of younger nurses, more registered nurses and fewer working in remote areas. To ensure a sustainable workforce, particularly in rural and remote areas, strategies to recruit and retain this workforce will be needed.
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Randall S, Neubeck L. What's in a name? Concordance is better than adherence for promoting partnership and self-management of chronic disease. Aust J Prim Health 2016; 22:181-184. [PMID: 27150465 DOI: 10.1071/py15140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The choice of language health professionals use to discuss self-management of chronic disease is important and influences patients' self-management. The words compliance, adherence and concordance are used to discuss patients' agreement with prescribed treatment plans, but have different tone and meanings. Models of care linked to the words compliance and adherence are underpinned by interactions between patients and healthcare providers that merely reinforce instructions about treatments. The 'patient-professional partnership' is introduced as a model by Bodenheimer et al. (2002, p. 2469) whereby true partnership working should be an opportunity to pool the expertise of both parties to arrive at mutually agreed goals in concordance. The impact these words might have on partnership working is important in defining the patient-health professional relationship, and for the patients' healthcare outcomes and the potential effect on healthcare utilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Randall
- Sydney Nursing School, M03 88, Mallett Street, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Lis Neubeck
- Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney Nursing School, Level 2, Building D17, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Murray-Parahi P, DiGiacomo M, Jackson D, Davidson PM. New graduate registered nurse transition into primary health care roles: an integrative literature review. J Clin Nurs 2016; 25:3084-3101. [DOI: 10.1111/jocn.13297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Murray-Parahi
- Centre for Cardiac and Chronic Care; Faculty of Health; University of Technology Sydney; Sydney NSW Australia
- Liverpool Hospital; South Western Sydney Local Health District; Liverpool NSW Australia
| | - Michelle DiGiacomo
- Centre for Cardiac and Chronic Care; Faculty of Health; University of Technology Sydney; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Debra Jackson
- Oxford Brookes University; Oxford UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; Oxford UK
- University of New England
| | - Patricia M Davidson
- Centre for Cardiac and Chronic Care; Faculty of Health; University of Technology Sydney; Sydney NSW Australia
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing; Baltimore MD USA
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19
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Townsend L, Gray J, Forber J. New ways of seeing: Nursing students' experiences of a pilot service learning program in Australia. Nurse Educ Pract 2016; 16:60-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Anderson J, Malone L. Chronic care undergraduate nursing education in Australia. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2015; 35:1135-1138. [PMID: 26321375 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Chronic Care Model developed by Wagner is recognised to provide a systematic approach to managing chronic care. It has been adapted by the World Health Organization to become the Innovative Care for Chronic Conditions Framework. Together these have been demonstrated to provide an effective framework for chronic care management in a variety of settings. In order to prepare Australian nursing graduates for a changing health system it is important to recognise global issues and to prepare them to work within well recognised models. This paper examines the publically available documentation of pre-registration nursing degrees in Australia for their alignment with the Chronic Care Model and the Innovative Care for Chronic Conditions Framework. Those aspects of each which are well addressed are identified along with those which could be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Anderson
- Charles Sturt University, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Indigenous Health, Panorama Ave, Bathurst, NSW 2795, Australia.
| | - Linda Malone
- Charles Sturt University, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Indigenous Health, Panorama Ave, Bathurst, NSW 2795, Australia.
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21
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McInnes S, Peters K, Hardy J, Halcomb E. Clinical placements in Australian general practice: (Part 1) the experiences of pre-registration nursing students. Nurse Educ Pract 2015; 15:437-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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22
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McInnes S, Peters K, Hardy J, Halcomb E. Primary care clinical placements: The views of Australian registered nurse mentors and pre-registration nursing students (part 2). Nurse Educ Pract 2015; 15:443-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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23
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Nursing students’ experiences of clinical placement in community settings: A qualitative study. Collegian 2015; 22:175-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colegn.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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24
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Fuller J, Koehne K, Verrall CC, Szabo N, Bollen C, Parker S. Building chronic disease management capacity in General Practice: The South Australian GP Plus Practice Nurse Initiative. Collegian 2015; 22:191-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colegn.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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Enhancing nursing students' understanding of threshold concepts through the use of digital stories and a virtual community called ‘Wiimali’. Nurse Educ Pract 2015; 15:91-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2014.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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26
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Gordon CJ, Aggar C, Williams AM, Walker L, Willcock SM, Bloomfield J. A transition program to primary health care for new graduate nurses: a strategy towards building a sustainable primary health care nurse workforce? BMC Nurs 2014; 13:34. [PMID: 25550684 PMCID: PMC4279900 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-014-0034-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This debate discusses the potential merits of a New Graduate Nurse Transition to Primary Health Care Program as an untested but potential nursing workforce development and sustainability strategy. Increasingly in Australia, health policy is focusing on the role of general practice and multidisciplinary teams in meeting the service needs of ageing populations in the community. Primary health care nurses who work in general practice are integral members of the multidisciplinary team - but this workforce is ageing and predicted to face increasing shortages in the future. At the same time, Australia is currently experiencing a surplus of and a corresponding lack of employment opportunities for new graduate nurses. This situation is likely to compound workforce shortages in the future. A national nursing workforce plan that addresses supply and demand issues of primary health care nurses is required. Innovative solutions are required to support and retain the current primary health care nursing workforce, whilst building a skilled and sustainable workforce for the future. DISCUSSION This debate article discusses the primary health care nursing workforce dilemma currently facing policy makers in Australia and presents an argument for the potential value of a New Graduate Transition to Primary Health Care Program as a workforce development and sustainability strategy. An exploration of factors that may contribute or hinder transition program for new graduates in primary health care implementation is considered. SUMMARY A graduate transition program to primary health care may play an important role in addressing primary health care workforce shortages in the future. There are, however, a number of factors that need to be simultaneously addressed if a skilled and sustainable workforce for the future is to be realised. The development of a transition program to primary health care should be based on a number of core principles and be subjected to both a summative and cost-effectiveness evaluation involving all key stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina Aggar
- />Sydney Nursing School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Anna M Williams
- />Sydney Nursing School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Lynne Walker
- />Australian Primary Health Care Nurses Association (APNA), Melbourne, Victoria 3205 Australia
| | - Simon M Willcock
- />Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
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Henderson J, Koehne K, Verrall C, Gebbie K, Fuller J. How is Primary Health Care conceptualised in nursing in Australia? A review of the literature. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2014; 22:337-351. [PMID: 23952616 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.12064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Australia, in common with many other countries, is expanding the role of Primary Health Care (PHC) to manage the growing burden of chronic disease and prevent hospitalisation. Australia's First National Primary Health Care Strategy released in 2010 places general practice at the centre of care delivery, reflecting a constitutional division of labour in which the Commonwealth government's primary means of affecting care delivery in this sector is through rebates for services delivered from the universal healthcare system Medicare. A review of Australian nursing literature was undertaken for 2006-2011. This review explores three issues in relation to these changes: How PHC is conceptualised within Australian nursing literature; who is viewed as providing PHC; and barriers and enablers to the provision of comprehensive PHC. A review of the literature suggests that the terms 'PHC' and 'primary care' are used interchangeably and that PHC is now commonly associated with services provided by practice nurses. Four structural factors are identified for a shift away from comprehensive PHC, namely fiscal barriers, educational preparation for primary care practice, poor role definition and interprofessional relationships. The paper concludes that while moves towards increasing capacity in general practice have enhanced nursing roles, current policy and the nature of private business funding alongside some medical opposition limit opportunities for Australian nurses working in general practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Henderson
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Day J, Levett-Jones T, Taylor ACT. Using a virtual community to enhance nursing student's understanding of primary health care. Collegian 2014; 21:143-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colegn.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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29
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Merritt A, Boogaerts M. Creativity and power: a qualitative, exploratory study of student learning acquired in a community nursing setting that is applied in future settings. Contemp Nurse 2014; 46:225-33. [PMID: 24787256 DOI: 10.5172/conu.2014.46.2.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nursing students undertake clinical placements in a wide range of clinical areas as part of their preparation for professional practice, offering students the opportunity to learn about the clinical context and the work that nurses do. This descriptive study explores the implicit learnings that occur for students in a community nursing placement and whether they transfer the knowledge they gain in the community setting into practice in other settings. Participants in this research study described implicit learning from a community nursing context which they were able to utilise in their current practice. Three major themes emerged. Firstly, participants recognised that power relationships manifest differently in a community based setting. This manifest in a recognition of patient autonomy and a creative approach to enhancing the patient's power. The second, related theme involved the enabling of self-determination through collaborative decision making between nurse and the person receiving care. The third theme was the development of an understanding of self-management which manifest in appropriate referrals and what the participants considered high quality discharge planning. This recognition of practice beyond technical, rationalist manifestations suggests that students grasped the unarticulated, implicit dimensions of the community nurse role through their experiences in a community nursing placement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Merritt
- University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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30
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Wood PJ. Nurses' occupational health as a driver for curriculum change emphasising health promotion: an historical research study. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2014; 34:709-713. [PMID: 24094749 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reasons stated for curriculum change in nursing education are usually shifts in knowledge, care delivery, roles, regulatory standards and population health needs. In New Zealand in the 1930s, a curriculum change was driven instead by the need to protect and promote nurses' health. Tuberculosis was an international occupational health risk among nurses. Mary Lambie, New Zealand's chief nurse, considered nursing a "hazardous profession". One remedy she instituted was curriculum change in the national nurse training programme to emphasise health promotion among nurses. Global nursing issues today also impact on nurses' health. Curriculum changes again address this by promoting self-care and resilience. OBJECTIVE To examine how international and national concern for nurses' occupational health drove a curriculum change in New Zealand nurse training in the 1930s. DESIGN Historical Research METHODS International occupational health reports (1930s), Lambie's annual reports (1932-1950), and questions and examiners' comments in a new state examination (1940s-1950s), were analysed to identify the reasons for and direction of the curriculum change. Findings were interpreted within international and national concerns and measures related to occupational health in nursing. RESULTS Lambie used the political leverage of international and national worry over tuberculosis as a nursing occupational health risk to protect nurses' health more generally. In 1933 she revised the first year of the three-year national nursing curriculum to emphasise personal hygiene and bacteriology related to cross-infection, and in 1938 introduced a State Preliminary Examination at the end of the first year of training to test this knowledge. Analysis of examinations, 1940s-1950s, confirms that the curriculum change driver was a concern to make nursing a less "hazardous profession". CONCLUSION Nurse educators today should be aware of the variety of factors that can lead to curriculum change in nursing. In addition, concern for nurses' health today demonstrates the continuing need for health promotion in nursing curricula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela J Wood
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, Monash University, Northways Rd, Churchill, VIC 3842, Australia.
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31
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Abstract
The pressures brought about by the increasing prevalence of poor health among some population groups as well as the rise in prevalence of chronic and complex conditions requires a nursing workforce skilled in health promotion. Primary care nurses have increasingly important roles in general practice settings but there is little exploration of the nature or extent of their health promotion work. This paper reports on a survey that investigated primary care nurses' perceptions of their current and potential roles in health promotion in general practice settings. The survey respondents were primary care nurses in general practice. 78 nurses responded to advertisements seeking participation, and 58 surveys were completed and returned. Data were analyzed through a framework of downstream-upstream health promotion actions. We found that the health promotion practices of primary care nurses were most commonly in the downstream realm of disease prevention and health education but nurses aspired to take on roles in more upstream work of partnerships and collaboration. Nurses' opportunities are undoubtedly constrained by both the general practice setting and their educational preparation. However, nurses were very positive about the opportunities that their role and position offered for expansion of their health promotion work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Kelehera
- Department of Health Social Science, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Australia.
| | - Rhian Parker
- Australian Primary Health Care Research Institute, Australian National University, Australia
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Allen J, Brown L, Duff C, Nesbitt P, Hepner A. Development and evaluation of a teaching and learning approach in cross-cultural care and antidiscrimination in university nursing students. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2013; 33:1592-1598. [PMID: 23332499 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2012.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-cultural care and antidiscrimination are vital to ethical effective health systems. Nurses require quality educational preparation in cross-cultural care and antidiscrimination. Limited evidence-based research is available to guide teachers. OBJECTIVES To develop, implement and evaluate an evidence-based teaching and learning approach in cross-cultural care and antidiscrimination for undergraduate nursing students. DESIGN A quantitative design using pre- and post-survey measures was used to evaluate the teaching and learning approach. SETTINGS The Bachelor of Nursing program in an Australian university. PARTICIPANTS Academics and second year undergraduate nursing students. METHODS A literature review and consultation with academics informed the development of the teaching and learning approach. Thirty-three students completed a survey at pre-measures and following participation in the teaching and learning approach at post-measures about their confidence to practice cross-cultural nursing (Transcultural Self-efficacy Tool) and about their discriminatory attitudes (Quick Discrimination Index). RESULTS The literature review found that educational approaches that solely focus on culture might not be sufficient in addressing discrimination and racism. During consultation, academics emphasised the importance of situating cross-cultural nursing and antidiscrimination as social determinants of health. Therefore, cross-cultural nursing was contextualised within primary health care and emphasised care for culturally diverse communities. Survey findings supported the effectiveness of this strategy in promoting students' confidence regarding knowledge about cross-cultural nursing. There was no reported change in discriminatory attitudes. The teaching and learning approach was modified to include stronger experiential learning and role playing. CONCLUSIONS Nursing education should emphasise cross-cultural nursing and antidiscrimination. The study describes an evaluated teaching and learning approach and demonstrates how evaluation research can be used to develop cross-cultural nursing education interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqui Allen
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria, 3125 Australia.
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Parkinson AM, Parker R. Addressing chronic and complex conditions: what evidence is there regarding the role primary healthcare nurses can play? AUST HEALTH REV 2013; 37:588-93. [DOI: 10.1071/ah12019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Primary healthcare services in Australia need to respond to the needs of an ageing population and the rising prevalence of chronic and complex conditions in that population. This paper reports on the results of a comprehensive Australian and international literature review on nurse-led and nurse-involved primary healthcare interventions with a particular focus on those serving people with chronic and complex conditions and hard to reach populations. The key question this review addresses is: what role can nurses play in primary healthcare to manage people with chronic and complex conditions? International evidence demonstrates that nurses working in primary care provide effective care, have high patient satisfaction and patients are more likely to comply with nurse instructions than general practitioner instructions. Nurses can provide care equivalent to doctors within their scope of practice but have longer consultations. Lifestyle interventions provided by nurses have been shown to be effective for cardiac care, diabetes care, smoking cessation and obesity. The nursing workforce can provide appropriate, cost-effective and high-quality primary healthcare within their scope of practice.
What is known about the topic?
The prevalence of chronic disease worldwide is increasing due to our lifestyles and ageing populations combined with our extended lifespans. People living in rural and remote areas have higher rates of disease and injury, and poorer access to healthcare. In particular, many older people suffer multiple chronic and complex conditions that require significant clinical management. Nurses are playing increasingly important roles in the delivery of primary healthcare worldwide and international evidence demonstrates that nurses can provide equivalent care to doctors within their scope of practice but have longer consultations.
What does this paper add?
There is clear international evidence that nurses can play a more significant role in supporting preventive activities and addressing the needs of an ageing population with chronic and complex conditions. In contrast with earlier evidence, recent evidence suggests that nurses may provide the most cost-effective care.
What are the implications for practitioners?
Adequately prepared nurses can provide a range of effective and cost-effective primary healthcare services in chronic disease management. Studies report that patients are satisfied with nursing care. Nurses should be utilised to their full scope of practice to provide ongoing care to these populations.
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Desborough J, Forrest L, Parker R. Nurse-led primary healthcare walk-in centres: an integrative literature review. J Adv Nurs 2011; 68:248-63. [PMID: 21834837 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2011.05798.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This paper is a report of an integrative review of the international literature examining established nurse-led primary healthcare walk-in centres and their outcomes to understand whether they are effective in improving access to primary health care. BACKGROUND Reviews of nurse-led primary care walk-in centres have included centres staffed by family physicians and general practitioners. There is a paucity of evidence about walk-in centres staffed solely by nurses. DATA SOURCES Studies were identified through an electronic search using the databases Medline, Cinahl and EBSCO from 1990 until July 2010. Papers were included if they examined walk-in centres providing nurse-led primary care for the general community. Only peer reviewed studies published in English were included. REVIEW METHODS An integrative approach utilizing Bowling's checklist facilitated a systematic appraisal of studies in regard to clarity of aims, objectives, methods and appropriate analysis of data. RESULTS Thirteen publications were categorized into five themes: 'users of walk-in centres', 'quality of care provided at walk-in centres', 'impact on other healthcare providers', 'perceptions of walk-in centres' and 'satisfaction with walk-in centres'. CONCLUSION The possibility that walk-in centres create demand highlights the need for clearer evidence of the drivers of demand for health care in walk-in centres. Innovations in healthcare provision need to be matched with adaptation to nursing education to ensure an adequately prepared nursing workforce. Improvement in access to primary healthcare needs to be measured in terms of equity and the capacity this access has to fill identified gaps in primary healthcare provision in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Desborough
- Nursing and Midwifery Office, ACT Health, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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35
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Kalucy L. Primary health on the Medline radar. Aust J Prim Health 2010; 16:199. [PMID: 21033037 DOI: 10.1071/pyv16n3_ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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