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Oliveira CS, Saraiva NZ, Oliveira LZ. Morphology of 16-cell embryo in bovine: Inside cells, compaction, fragmentation and effects of X-sorted semen. Anat Histol Embryol 2024; 53:e13015. [PMID: 38230835 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.13015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
In mouse embryos, inside cells are allocated in 16-cell embryos through a well-orchestrated sequence of events involving compaction and polarization. The emergence of inside cells is of great importance as itl later gives rise to the inner cell mass and epiblast. In this study, we report the sequence of critical events in embryology (compaction, inside cells allocation and fragmentation) in bovine 72 h.p.i. 9-16 cell embryos, while also investigating the effects of X-sorted semen on these events. We found a wide distribution of total cell numbers among embryos, attributed to an asynchronous cleavage pattern and blastomere death. Additionally, 13% of embryos displayed irregular shapes. The establishment of the inside cell compartment increased (p < 0.01) in embryos with more cells. However, only 53.8% of 16-cell embryos presented inside cells. Compaction was present in 32.4% embryos and was positively correlated (p = 0.03, OR 3.02) with the establishment of inside cells, occurring independently of cell number. Fragmentation was present in 36% embryos, being more frequent (p = 0.01) in embryos with lower cell numbers. A possible association between irregular shape and fragmentation was considered (p = 0.06). The use of X-sorted semen had no effect on most evaluated parameters. However, it did have a marked effect on cleavage rate (p < 0.01) and the arrest of 2- and 4- cell embryos. In conclusion, bovine embryos exhibit an asynchronous cleavage pattern, high levels of fragmentation, and demonstrate compaction and inside cell allocation later in development compared to mouse embryos. Semen X-sorting has major effects on cleavage and embryo arrest. Further studies are needed to elucidate the association between irregularly shaped embryos and fragmentation, as well as the effects of sex on inside cell allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leticia Zoccolaro Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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2
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Feeding role of mouse embryonic fibroblast cells is influenced by genetic background, cell passage and day of isolation. ZYGOTE 2022; 30:550-560. [PMID: 35485762 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199421000083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells are commonly used as feeder cells to maintain the pluripotent state of stem cells. MEFs produce growth factors and provide adhesion molecules and extracellular matrix (ECM) compounds for cellular binding. In the present study, we compared the expression levels of Fgf2, Bmp4, ActivinA, Lif and Tgfb1 genes at the mRNA level and the level of Fgf2 protein secretion and Lif cytokine secretion at passages one, three and five of MEFs isolated from 13.5-day-old and 15.5-day-old embryos of NMRI and C57BL/6 mice using real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We observed differences in the expression levels of the studied genes and secretion of the two growth factors in the three passages of MEFs isolated from 13.5-day-old and 15.5-day-old embryos, respectively. These differences were also observed between the NMRI and C57BL/6 strains. The results of this study suggested that researchers should use mice embryos that have different genetic backgrounds and ages, in addition to different MEF passages, when producing MEFs based on the application and type of their study.
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3
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Bressan FF, Bassanezze V, de Figueiredo Pessôa LV, Sacramento CB, Malta TM, Kashima S, Fantinato Neto P, Strefezzi RDF, Pieri NCG, Krieger JE, Covas DT, Meirelles FV. Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from large domestic animals. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:247. [PMID: 32586372 PMCID: PMC7318412 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01716-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have enormous potential in developmental biology studies and in cellular therapies. Although extensively studied and characterized in human and murine models, iPSCs from animals other than mice lack reproducible results. METHODS Herein, we describe the generation of robust iPSCs from equine and bovine cells through lentiviral transduction of murine or human transcription factors Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc and from human and murine cells using similar protocols, even when different supplementations were used. The iPSCs were analyzed regarding morphology, gene and protein expression of pluripotency factors, alkaline phosphatase detection, and spontaneous and induced differentiation. RESULTS Although embryonic-derived stem cells are yet not well characterized in domestic animals, generation of iPS cells from these species is possible through similar protocols used for mouse or human cells, enabling the use of pluripotent cells from large animals for basic or applied purposes. Herein, we also infer that bovine iPS (biPSCs) exhibit similarity to mouse iPSCs (miPSCs), whereas equine iPSs (eiPSCs) to human (hiPSCs). CONCLUSIONS The generation of reproducible protocols in different animal species will provide an informative tool for producing in vitro autologous pluripotent cells from domestic animals. These cells will create new opportunities in animal breeding through transgenic technology and will support a new era of translational medicine with large animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Fernandes Bressan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Regional Blood Center, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Bassanezze
- Heart Institute (INCOR), Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Present Address: Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Laís Vicari de Figueiredo Pessôa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Chester Bittencourt Sacramento
- Heart Institute (INCOR), Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Present Address: Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA
| | - Tathiane Maistro Malta
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Regional Blood Center, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Simone Kashima
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Regional Blood Center, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Paulo Fantinato Neto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo De Francisco Strefezzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Naira Caroline Godoy Pieri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Krieger
- Heart Institute (INCOR), Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dimas Tadeu Covas
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Regional Blood Center, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Flávio Vieira Meirelles
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Regional Blood Center, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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4
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Hyttel P, de Figueiredo Pessôa LV, Secher JBM, Dittlau KS, Freude K, Hall VJ, Fair T, Assey RJ, Laurincik J, Callesen H, Greve T, Stroebech LB. Oocytes, embryos and pluripotent stem cells from a biomedical perspective. Anim Reprod 2019; 16:508-523. [PMID: 32435294 PMCID: PMC7234146 DOI: 10.21451/1984-3143-ar2019-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The veterinary and animal science professions are rapidly developing and their inherent and historical connection to agriculture is challenged by more biomedical and medical directions of research. While some consider this development as a risk of losing identity, it may also be seen as an opportunity for developing further and more sophisticated competences that may ultimately feed back to veterinary and animal science in a synergistic way. The present review describes how agriculture-related studies on bovine in vitro embryo production through studies of putative bovine and porcine embryonic stem cells led the way to more sophisticated studies of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) using e.g. gene editing for modeling of neurodegeneration in man. However, instead of being a blind diversion from veterinary and animal science into medicine, these advanced studies of human iPSC-derived neurons build a set of competences that allowed us, in a more competent way, to focus on novel aspects of more veterinary and agricultural relevance in the form of porcine and canine iPSCs. These types of animal stem cells are of biomedical importance for modeling of iPSC-based therapy in man, but in particular the canine iPSCs are also important for understanding and modeling canine diseases, as e.g. canine cognitive dysfunction, for the benefit and therapy of dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poul Hyttel
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Katarina Stoklund Dittlau
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium.,VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristine Freude
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vanessa J Hall
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trudee Fair
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Remmy John Assey
- Department of Anatomy and Pathology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania
| | - Jozef Laurincik
- Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia.,The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Henrik Callesen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
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5
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Boroviak T, Nichols J. Primate embryogenesis predicts the hallmarks of human naïve pluripotency. Development 2017; 144:175-186. [PMID: 28096211 PMCID: PMC5430762 DOI: 10.1242/dev.145177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Naïve pluripotent mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) resemble the preimplantation epiblast and efficiently contribute to chimaeras. Primate ESCs correspond to the postimplantation embryo and fail to resume development in chimaeric assays. Recent data suggest that human ESCs can be ‘reset’ to an earlier developmental stage, but their functional capacity remains ill defined. Here, we discuss how the naïve state is inherently linked to preimplantation epiblast identity in the embryo. We hypothesise that distinctive features of primate development provide stringent criteria to evaluate naïve pluripotency in human and other primate cells. Based on our hypothesis, we define 12 key hallmarks of naïve pluripotency, five of which are specific to primates. These hallmarks may serve as a functional framework to assess human naïve ESCs. Summary: This Hypothesis article highlights several fundamental differences between rodent and primate early development and exploits these to predict key hallmarks of naïve pluripotency in primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Boroviak
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Jennifer Nichols
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK.,Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 4BG, UK
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6
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Fan Z, Liu L, Huang X, Zhao Y, Zhou L, Wang D, Wei J. Establishment and growth responses of Nile tilapia embryonic stem-like cell lines under feeder-free condition. Dev Growth Differ 2017; 59:83-93. [PMID: 28230233 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic stem (ES) cells provide an invaluable tool for molecular analysis of vertebrate development and a bridge linking genomic manipulations in vitro and functional analysis of target genes in vivo. Work towards fish ES cells so far has focused on zebrafish (Danio renio) and medaka (Oryzias latipes). Here we describe the derivation, pluripotency, differentiation and growth responses of ES cell lines from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), a world-wide commercial farmed fish. These cell lines, designated as TES1-3, were initiated from blastomeres of Nile tilapia middle blastula embryos (MBE). One representative line, TES1, showed stable growth and phenotypic characteristics of ES cells over 200 days of culture with more than 59 passages under feeder-free conditions. They exhibited high alkaline phosphatase activity and expression of pluripotency genes including pou5f3 (the pou5f1/oct4 homologue), sox2, myc and klf4. In suspension culture together with retinoic acid treatment, TES1 cells formed embryoid bodies, which exhibited expression profile of differentiation genes characteristics of all three germ cell layers. Notably, PKH26-labeled TES1 cells introduced into Nile tilapia MBE could contribute to body compartment development and led to hatched chimera formation with an efficacy of 13%. These results suggest that TES1 cells have pluripotency and differentiation potential in vitro and in vivo. In the conditioned DMEM, all of the supplements including the fetal bovine serum, fish embryonic extract, fish serum, basic fibroblast growth factor and non-protein supplement combination 5N were mitogenic for TES1 cell growth. This study will promote ES-based biotechnology in commercial fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Fan
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Linyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Linyan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Deshou Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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7
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Park S, Kim D, Jung YG, Roh S. Thiazovivin, a Rho kinase inhibitor, improves stemness maintenance of embryo-derived stem-like cells under chemically defined culture conditions in cattle. Anim Reprod Sci 2015; 161:47-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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8
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Shah SM, Saini N, Ashraf S, Zandi M, Manik RS, Singla SK, Palta P, Chauhan MS. Development, Characterization, and Pluripotency Analysis of Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Embryonic Stem Cell Lines Derived from In Vitro-Fertilized, Hand-Guided Cloned, and Parthenogenetic Embryos. Cell Reprogram 2015; 17:306-22. [PMID: 26168169 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2014.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the derivation, characterization, and pluripotency analysis of three buffalo embryonic stem cell (buESC) lines, from in vitro-fertilized, somatic cell nuclear-transferred, and parthenogenetic blastocysts. These cell lines were developed for later differentiation into germ lineage cells and elucidation of the signaling pathways involved. The cell lines were established from inner cell masses (ICMs) that were isolated manually from the in vitro-produced blastocysts. Most of the ICMs (45-55%) resulted in formation of primary colonies that were subcultured after 8-10 days, leading subsequently to the formation of three buESC lines, one from each blastocyst type. All the cell lines expressed stem cell markers, such as Alkaline Phosphatase, OCT4, NANOG, SSEA1, SSEA4, TRA-1-60, TRA-1-81, SOX2, REX1, CD-90, STAT3, and TELOMERASE. They differentiated into all three germ layers as determined by ectodermal, mesodermal, and endodermal RNA and protein markers. All of the cell lines showed equal expression of pluripotency markers as well as equivalent differentiation potential into all the three germ layers. The static suspension culture-derived embryoid bodies (EBs) showed greater expression of all the three germ layer markers as compared to hanging drop culture-derived EBs. When analyzed for germ layer marker expression, EBs derived from 15% fetal bovine serum (FBS)-based spontaneous differentiation medium showed greater differentiation across all the three germ layers as compared to those derived from Knock-Out Serum Replacement (KoSR)-based differentiation medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Mohmad Shah
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute , Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Neha Saini
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute , Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Syma Ashraf
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute , Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Mohammad Zandi
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute , Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Radhey Sham Manik
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute , Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Singla
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute , Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Prabhat Palta
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute , Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Manmohan Singh Chauhan
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute , Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
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9
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Hall V, Hinrichs K, Lazzari G, Betts DH, Hyttel P. Early embryonic development, assisted reproductive technologies, and pluripotent stem cell biology in domestic mammals. Vet J 2013; 197:128-42. [PMID: 23810186 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Over many decades assisted reproductive technologies, including artificial insemination, embryo transfer, in vitro production (IVP) of embryos, cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), and stem cell culture, have been developed with the aim of refining breeding strategies for improved production and health in animal husbandry. More recently, biomedical applications of these technologies, in particular, SCNT and stem cell culture, have been pursued in domestic mammals in order to create models for human disease and therapy. The following review focuses on presenting important aspects of pre-implantation development in cattle, pigs, horses, and dogs. Biological aspects and impact of assisted reproductive technologies including IVP, SCNT, and culture of pluripotent stem cells are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Hall
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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10
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Verma V, Huang B, Kallingappa PK, Oback B. Dual Kinase Inhibition Promotes Pluripotency in Finite Bovine Embryonic Cell Lines. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:1728-42. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Verma
- AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Ben Huang
- AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | | | - Björn Oback
- AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand
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11
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Selection of appropriate isolation method based on morphology of blastocyst for efficient derivation of buffalo embryonic stem cells. Cytotechnology 2013; 66:239-50. [PMID: 23553019 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-013-9561-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficiency of embryonic stem cell (ESC) derivation from all species except for rodents and primates is very low. There are however, multiple interests in obtaining pluripotent cells from these animals with main expectations in the fields of transgenesis, cloning, regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Researches are being carried out in laboratories throughout the world to increase the efficiency of ESC isolation for their downstream applications. Thus, the present study was undertaken to study the effect of different isolation methods based on the morphology of blastocyst for efficient derivation of buffalo ESCs. Embryos were produced in vitro through the procedures of maturation, fertilization and culture. Hatched blastocysts or isolated inner cell masses (ICMs) were seeded on mitomycin-C inactivated buffalo fetal fibroblast monolayer for the development of ESC colonies. The ESCs were analyzed for alkaline phosphatase activity, expression of pluripotency markers and karyotypic stability. Primary ESC colonies were obtained after 2-5 days of seeding hatched blastocysts or isolated ICMs on mitomycin-C inactivated feeder layer. Mechanically isolated ICMs attached and formed primary cell colonies more efficiently than ICMs isolated enzymatically. For derivation of ESCs from poorly defined ICMs intact hatched blastocyst culture was the most successful method. Results of this study implied that although ESCs can be obtained using all three methods used in this study, efficiency varies depending upon the morphology of blastocyst and isolation method used. So, appropriate isolation method must be selected depending on the quality of blastocyst for efficient derivation of ESCs.
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12
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Goh S, Abdullah R, Wan Khadijah W. Characterization of caprine embryonic stem cell-like outgrowths derived from the inner cell mass isolation. Small Rumin Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2012.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Jin M, Wu A, Dorzhin S, Yue Q, Ma Y, Liu D. Culture conditions for bovine embryonic stem cell-like cells isolated from blastocysts after external fertilization. Cytotechnology 2012; 64:379-89. [PMID: 22438181 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-011-9408-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although isolation and characterization of embryonic stem cells have been successful in cattle, maintenance of bovine embryonic stem cells in culture remains difficult. In this study, we compared different methods of cell passaging, feeder cell layers and medium conditions for bovine embryonic stem cell-like cells. We found that a murine embryonic fibroblast feeder layer is more suitable for embryonic stem cell-like cells than bovine embryonic fibroblasts. When murine embryonic fibroblasts were used, a mechanical method of passaging led to better cell growth than passaging by trypsin digestion. We also found that exogenous supplementation with leukemia inhibitory factor maintained the embryonic stem cell-like cells in an undifferentiated state, whereas addition of stem cell factor resulted in their differentiation. Our findings provide an experimental basis for the establishment of an effective culture system for bovine embryonic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Inner Mongolia, 010021, Hohhot, China
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14
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Sharma R, George A, Kamble NM, Singh KP, Chauhan MS, Singla SK, Manik RS, Palta P. Optimization of culture conditions to support long-term self-renewal of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) embryonic stem cell-like cells. Cell Reprogram 2011; 13:539-49. [PMID: 22029416 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2011.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A culture system capable of sustaining self-renewal of buffalo embryonic stem (ES) cell-like cells in an undifferentiated state over a long period of time was developed. Inner cell masses were seeded on KO-DMEM+15% KO-serum replacer on buffalo fetal fibroblast feeder layer. Supplementation of culture medium with 5 ng/mL FGF-2 and 1000 IU/mL mLIF gave the highest (p<0.05) rate of primary colony formation. The ES cell-like cells' colony survival rate and increase in colony size were highest (p<0.05) following supplementation with FGF-2 and LIF compared to other groups examined. FGF-2 supplementation affected the quantitative expression of NANOG, SOX-2, ACTIVIN A, BMP 4, and TGFβ1, but not OCT4 and GREMLIN. Supplementation with SU5402, an FGFR inhibitor (≥20 μM) increased (p<0.05) the percentage of colonies that differentiated. FGFR1-3 and ERK1, K-RAS, E-RAS, and SHP-2, key signaling intermediates of FGF signaling, were detected in ES cell-like cells. Under culture conditions described, three ES cell lines were derived that, to date, have been maintained for 135, 95, and 85 passages for over 27, 19, and 17 months, respectively, whereas under other conditions examined, ES cell-like cells did not survive beyond passage 10. The ES cell-like cells were regularly monitored for expression of pluripotency markers and their potency to form embryoid bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Sharma
- Embryo Biotechnology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
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15
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Oliveira CS, de Souza MM, Saraiva NZ, Tetzner TAD, Lima MR, Lopes FL, Garcia JM. In vitro culture of bovine embryos in murine ES cell conditioned media negatively affects expression of pluripotency-related markers OCT4, SOX2 and SSEA1. Reprod Domest Anim 2011; 47:428-35. [PMID: 21933286 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2011.01896.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite extensive efforts, establishment of bovine embryonic stem (ES) cell lines has not been successful. We hypothesized that culture conditions for in vitro-produced (IVP) embryos, the most used source of inner cell mass (ICM) to obtain ES cells, might affect their undifferentiated state. Therefore, the aim of this work was to improve pluripotency of IVP blastocysts to produce suitable ICM for further culturing. We tested KSR and foetal calf serum (FCS) supplements in SOF medium and ES cell conditioned medium (CM) on IVC (groups: KSR, KSR CM, FCS and FCS CM). Cleavage and blastocyst rates were similar between all groups. Also, embryonic quality, assessed by apoptosis rates (TUNEL assay), total cell number and ICM percentage did not differ between experimental groups. However, expression of pluripotency-related markers was affected. We detected down-regulation of OCT3/4, SOX2 and SSEA1 in ICM of FCS CM blastocysts (p < 0.05). SOX2 gene expression revealed lower levels (p < 0.05) on KSR CM blastocysts and a remarkable variation in SOX2 mRNA levels on FCS-supplemented blastocysts. In conclusion, pluripotency-related markers tend to decrease after supplementation with ES cell CM, suggesting different mechanisms regulating mouse and bovine pluripotency. KSR supplementation did not differ from FCS, but FCS replacement by KSR may produce blastocysts with stable SOX2 gene expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Oliveira
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Jaboticabal, Brazil.
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16
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Gene expression in placentation of farm animals: an overview of gene function during development. Theriogenology 2011; 76:589-97. [PMID: 21550103 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Revised: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Eutherian mammals share a common ancestor that evolved into two main placental types, i.e., hemotrophic (e.g., human and mouse) and histiotrophic (e.g., farm animals), which differ in invasiveness. Pregnancies initiated with assisted reproductive techniques (ART) in farm animals are at increased risk of failure; these losses were associated with placental defects, perhaps due to altered gene expression. Developmentally regulated genes in the placenta seem highly phylogenetically conserved, whereas those expressed later in pregnancy are more species-specific. To elucidate differences between hemotrophic and epitheliochorial placentae, gene expression data were compiled from microarray studies of bovine placental tissues at various stages of pregnancy. Moreover, an in silico subtractive library was constructed based on homology of bovine genes to the database of zebrafish - a nonplacental vertebrate. In addition, the list of placental preferentially expressed genes for the human and mouse were collected using bioinformatics tools (Tissue-specific Gene Expression and Regulation [TiGER] - for humans, and tissue-specific genes database (TiSGeD) - for mice and humans). Humans, mice, and cattle shared 93 genes expressed in their placentae. Most of these were related to immune function (based on analysis of gene ontology). Cattle and women shared expression of 23 genes, mostly related to hormonal activity, whereas mice and women shared 16 genes (primarily sexual differentiation and glycoprotein biology). Because the number of genes expressed by the placentae of both cattle and mice were similar (based on cluster analysis), we concluded that both cattle and mice were suitable models to study the biology of the human placenta.
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Kumar D, Anand T, Singh KP, Singh MK, Shah RA, Chauhan MS, Palta P, Singla SK, Manik RS. Derivation of buffalo embryonic stem-like cells from in vitro-produced blastocysts on homologous and heterologous feeder cells. J Assist Reprod Genet 2011; 28:679-88. [PMID: 21573679 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-011-9572-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present study is to compare the ability of homologous and heterologous embryonic fibroblast feeder layers to support isolation and proliferation of buffalo ES-like cells generated from hatched and expanded blastocysts produced by in vitro fertilization and characterization of derived cells through expression of pluripotent markers. METHODS Embryonic stem cells were derived from hatched and expanded blastocysts through intact blastocyst culture and enzymatic method respectively and compared for proliferation rate on homologous (buffalo) and heterologous feeder layers (goat and sheep). RESULTS A total of 69 hatched and 83 expanded blastocysts were used for isolation of inner cell masses which were seeded on buffalo, goat and sheep embryonic feeder layers. Following seeding, attachment rate, primary colony formation rate and survival to maximum number of passages were observed to be higher on homologous feeder layers. CONCLUSIONS Upon comparison of different feeder layer cells for derivation and maintenance of buffalo ES-like cells from hatched and expanded blastocysts, buffalo embryonic fibroblast cells were able to provide a better environment for maintaining pluripotency in culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Kumar
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, India.
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18
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Behboodi E, Bondareva A, Begin I, Rao K, Neveu N, Pierson JT, Wylie C, Piero FD, Huang YJ, Zeng W, Tanco V, Baldassarre H, Karatzas CN, Dobrinski I. Establishment of goat embryonic stem cells from in vivo produced blastocyst-stage embryos. Mol Reprod Dev 2011; 78:202-11. [PMID: 21387453 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.21290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic stem (ES) cells with the capacity for germ line transmission have only been verified in mouse and rat. Methods for derivation, propagation, and differentiation of ES cells from domestic animals have not been fully established. Here, we describe derivation of ES cells from goat embryos. In vivo-derived embryos were cultured on goat fetal fibroblast feeders. Embryos either attached to the feeder layer or remained floating and expanded in culture. Embryos that attached showed a prominent inner cell mass (ICM) and those that remained floating formed structures resembling ICM disks surrounded by trophectodermal cells. ICM cells and embryonic disks were isolated mechanically, cultured on feeder cells in the presence of hLIF, and outgrown into ES-like colonies. Two cell lines were cultured for 25 passages and stained positive for alkaline phosphatase, POU5F1, NANOG, SOX2, SSEA-1, and SSEA-4. Embryoid bodies formed in suspension culture without hLIF. One cell line was cultured for 2 years (over 120 passages). This cell line differentiated in vitro into epithelia and neuronal cells, and could be stably transfected and selected for expression of a fluorescent marker. When cells were injected into SCID mice, teratomas were identified 5-6 weeks after transplantation. Expression of known ES cell markers, maintenance in vitro for 2 years in an undifferentiated state, differentiation in vitro, and formation of teratomas in immunodeficient mice provide evidence that the established cell line represents goat ES cells. This also is the first report of teratoma formation from large animal ES cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Behboodi
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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Pashaiasl M, Khodadadi K, Holland MK, Verma PJ. The Efficient Generation of Cell Lines from Bovine Parthenotes. Cell Reprogram 2010; 12:571-9. [DOI: 10.1089/cell.2009.0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Pashaiasl
- Centre for Reproduction and Development, Monash Institute of Medical Research, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khodadad Khodadadi
- Centre for Reproduction and Development, Monash Institute of Medical Research, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael K. Holland
- Centre for Reproduction and Development, Monash Institute of Medical Research, VIC, Australia
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul J. Verma
- Centre for Reproduction and Development, Monash Institute of Medical Research, VIC, Australia
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20
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Laible G, Alonso-González L. Gene targeting from laboratory to livestock: current status and emerging concepts. Biotechnol J 2009; 4:1278-92. [PMID: 19606430 DOI: 10.1002/biot.200900006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of methods for cell-mediated transgenesis, based on somatic cell nuclear transfer, provides a tremendous opportunity to shape the genetic make-up of livestock animals in a much more directed approach than traditional animal breeding and selection schemes. Progress in the site-directed modulation of livestock genomes is currently limited by the low efficiencies of gene targeting imposed by the low frequency of homologous recombination and limited proliferative capacity of primary somatic cells that are used to produce transgenic animals. Here we review the current state of the art in the field, discuss the crucial aspects of the methodology and provide an overview of emerging approaches to increase the efficiency of gene targeting in somatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Götz Laible
- AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand.
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21
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Cao S, Wang F, Chen Z, Liu Z, Mei C, Wu H, Huang J, Li C, Zhou L, Liu L. Isolation and culture of primary bovine embryonic stem cell colonies by a novel method. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 311:368-76. [PMID: 19340839 DOI: 10.1002/jez.535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Authentic bovine embryonic stem (ES) cell lines have not been established despite progress made for more than two decades. Isolation and culture of primary ES cell colonies are the first critical step towards establishment of stable ES cell lines. Here we report a novel method designated as "Separate and Seed" that contributes remarkably to efficient derivation of bovine primary ES-like cell colonies from blastocysts. These primary cultured bovine ES-like cells exhibit morphology typical of ES cells and express pluripotent molecular markers including Oct4, Nanog and alkaline phosphatase. Interestingly, bovine primary ES-like cell colonies distinctively express both stage-specific embryonic antigens 1 and 4 (SSEA1 and SSEA4), unlike mouse and human ES cells. These pluripotent markers may be used for characterization of authentic bovine ES cell lines in later studies. In contrast, whole embryos or inner cell mass (ICM) used for primary culture by conventional methods fails to produce primary bovine ES cell colonies that express all pluripotent stem cell markers shown above. Furthermore, bFGF improves growth and maintained undifferentiated state of bovine ES-like cells for several passages, whereas LIF and ERK inhibitor PD98059 known to promote pluripotency of mouse ES cells are unable to sustain bovine ES-like cells. Although continued efforts are required for improving long-term culture of bovine ES cells, this novel "Separate and Seed" method provides an initial effective step that may eventually lead to derivation of authentic bovine ES cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanbo Cao
- School of Life Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Muñoz M, Díez C, Caamaño JN, Jouneau A, Hue I, Gómez E. Embryonic stem cells in cattle. Reprod Domest Anim 2009; 43 Suppl 4:32-7. [PMID: 18803754 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2008.01229.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Because of the potential use of embryonic stem cells (ESC), especially for genetic modifications, there is great interest in establishing domestic animals-related ESCs. Unfortunately, despite considerable efforts, validated ESC lines in species other than mice and primates are yet to be isolated. In this paper, we will summarize the current knowledge on bovine ESCs in an attempt to understand why derivation of domestic animal ESC is still unsuccessful and we will discuss some promising future approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Muñoz
- Area de Genética y Reproducción, SERIDA, Camino de los Claveles, Gijón, Asturias, Spain.
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23
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24
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Conventional pluripotency markers are unspecific for bovine embryonic-derived cell-lines. Theriogenology 2008; 69:1159-64. [PMID: 18420262 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2007] [Revised: 02/15/2008] [Accepted: 02/16/2008] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Bovine embryonic stem cells are of potentially big value in transgenic research and studies of lineage commitment and development. Nevertheless, key aspects of the establishment of bovine embryonic stem cells such as the identification of specific pluripotency markers need to be clarified to achieve successful results. Bovine blastocysts were produced in vitro and cultured for 8 days up to the expanded or hatched stage. The trophectoderm, the inner cell mass and its embryonic stem cell-derived lines, all showed a common positive immunocytochemical staining for stage-specific embryonic antigen-4, tumour-rejection antigen gp96 and NANOG proteins. The antigenic profile obtained partially agrees with previous data from bovine and other species. Until a validated pluripotent bovine stem cell marker can be identified, it might be advisable to combine the use of epiblast and trophoblast-specific markers to rule out the presence of early committed trophectoderm cells in bovine embryonic stem cell cultures.
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Hornen N, Kues WA, Carnwath JW, Lucas-Hahn A, Petersen B, Hassel P, Niemann H. Production of Viable Pigs from Fetal Somatic Stem Cells. CLONING AND STEM CELLS 2007; 9:364-73. [PMID: 17907947 DOI: 10.1089/clo.2006.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Fetal somatic stem cells (FSSCs) are a novel type of somatic stem cells that have recently been discovered in primary fibroblast cultures from pigs and other species. The goal of the present study was to produce viable piglets from FSSCs. NT complexes were prepared from both FSSCs and porcine fetal fibroblasts (pFF) to permit comparison of these two donor cell types. FSSCs from isolated attached colonies were compared with pFF in their ability to form blastocysts upon use in NT. Fusion and cleavage rates were similar between the two groups, while blastocyst rates were significantly higher when using pFF as donor cells. FSSCs of three different size categories derived from dissociation of spheroids yielded similar results. The use of FSSCs of 15-20 microm in size yielded similar cleavage and blastocyst rates as fetal fibroblasts. In the final experiment NT complexes produced from FSSCs were transferred to foster mothers. After transfer to prepubertal gilts, three of seven recipients established pregnancies and delivered seven piglets, of which three piglets were viable and showed normal development. Results for the first time demonstrate that FSSCs are able to produce cloned embryos, and that pregnancies can be established and viable piglets can be produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Hornen
- Department of Biotechnology, Institut für Tierzucht, Mariensee Neustadt, Germany
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26
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Lazzari G, Colleoni S, Giannelli SG, Brunetti D, Colombo E, Lagutina I, Galli C, Broccoli V. Direct Derivation of Neural Rosettes from Cloned Bovine Blastocysts: A Model of Early Neurulation Events and Neural Crest Specification In Vitro. Stem Cells 2006; 24:2514-21. [PMID: 16931774 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2006-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells differentiate into neuroectodermal cells under specific culture conditions. In primates, these cells are organized into rosettes expressing Pax6 and Sox1 and are responsive to inductive signals such as Sonic hedgehog (Shh) and retinoic acid. However, direct derivation of organized neuroectoderm in vitro from preimplantation mammalian embryos has never been reported. Here, we show that bovine inner cell masses from nuclear transfer and fertilized embryos, grown on feeders in serum-free medium, form polarized rosette structures expressing nestin, Pax6, Pax7, Sox1, and Otx2 and exhibiting interkinetic nuclear migration activity and cell junction distribution as in the developing neural tube. After in vitro expansion, neural rosettes give rise to p75-positive neural crest precursor cell lines capable of long-term proliferation and differentiation in autonomic and sensory peripheral neurons, glial cells, melanocytes, smooth muscle cells, and chondrocytes, recapitulating in vitro the unique plasticity of the neural crest lineage. Challenging the rosette dorsal fate by early exposure to Shh induces the expression of ventral markers Isl1, Nkx2.2, and Nkx6.1 and differentiation of mature astrocytes and neurons of central nervous system ventral identity, demonstrating appropriate response to inductive signals. All together, these findings indicate that neural rosettes directly derived from cloned and fertilized bovine embryos represent an in vitro model of early neural specification and differentiation events. Moreover, this study provides a source of highly proliferative neural crest precursor cell lines of wide differentiation potential for cell therapy and tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Lazzari
- Laboratorio di Tecnologie della Riproduzione, Istituto Sperimentale Italiano Lazzaro Spallanzani, CIZ s.r.l., Cremona, Italy.
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