1
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Liang W, Li K, Gao H, Li K, Zhang J, Zhang Q, Jiao X, Yang J, Wei X. Full T-cell activation and function in teleosts require collaboration of first and co-stimulatory signals. Zool Res 2024; 45:13-24. [PMID: 38114429 PMCID: PMC10839663 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian T-cell responses require synergism between the first signal and co-stimulatory signal. However, whether and how dual signaling regulates the T-cell response in early vertebrates remains unknown. In the present study, we discovered that the Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) encodes key components of the LAT signalosome, namely, LAT, ITK, GRB2, VAV1, SLP-76, GADS, and PLC-γ1. These components are evolutionarily conserved, and CD3ε mAb-induced T-cell activation markedly increased their expression. Additionally, at least ITK, GRB2, and VAV1 were found to interact with LAT for signalosome formation. Downstream of the first signal, the NF-κB, MAPK/ERK, and PI3K-AKT pathways were activated upon CD3ε mAb stimulation. Furthermore, treatment of lymphocytes with CD28 mAbs triggered the AKT-mTORC1 pathway downstream of the co-stimulatory signal. Combined CD3ε and CD28 mAb stimulation enhanced ERK1/2 and S6 phosphorylation and elevated NFAT1, c-Fos, IL-2, CD122, and CD44 expression, thereby signifying T-cell activation. Moreover, rather than relying on the first or co-stimulatory signal alone, both signals were required for T-cell proliferation. Full T-cell activation was accompanied by marked apoptosis and cytotoxic responses. These findings suggest that tilapia relies on dual signaling to maintain an optimal T-cell response, providing a novel perspective for understanding the evolution of the adaptive immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Kang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Haiyou Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Kunming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jiansong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xinying Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jialong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China. E-mail:
| | - Xiumei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China. E-mail:
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2
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Chan W, Cao YM, Zhao X, Schrom EC, Jia D, Song J, Sibener LV, Dong S, Fernandes RA, Bradfield CJ, Smelkinson M, Kabat J, Hor JL, Altan-Bonnet G, Garcia KC, Germain RN. TCR ligand potency differentially impacts PD-1 inhibitory effects on diverse signaling pathways. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20231242. [PMID: 37796477 PMCID: PMC10555889 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20231242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Checkpoint blockade revolutionized cancer therapy, but we still lack a quantitative, mechanistic understanding of how inhibitory receptors affect diverse signaling pathways. To address this issue, we developed and applied a fluorescent intracellular live multiplex signal transduction activity reporter (FILMSTAR) system to analyze PD-1-induced suppressive effects. These studies identified pathways triggered solely by TCR or requiring both TCR and CD28 inputs. Using presenting cells differing in PD-L1 and CD80 expression while displaying TCR ligands of distinct potency, we found that PD-1-mediated inhibition primarily targets TCR-linked signals in a manner highly sensitive to peptide ligand quality. These findings help resolve discrepancies in existing data about the site(s) of PD-1 inhibition in T cells while emphasizing the importance of neoantigen potency in controlling the effects of checkpoint therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waipan Chan
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yuqi M. Cao
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Edward C. Schrom
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dongya Jia
- Immunodynamics Group, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jian Song
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Leah V. Sibener
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shen Dong
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ricardo A. Fernandes
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Clinton J. Bradfield
- Signaling Systems Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Margery Smelkinson
- Biological Imaging Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Juraj Kabat
- Biological Imaging Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jyh Liang Hor
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Grégoire Altan-Bonnet
- Immunodynamics Group, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - K. Christopher Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ronald N. Germain
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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3
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Cruz-Morales E, Hart AP, Fossett GM, Laufer TM. Helios + and RORγt + Treg populations are differentially regulated by MHCII, CD28, and ICOS to shape the intestinal Treg pool. Mucosal Immunol 2023; 16:264-274. [PMID: 36935092 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for intestinal homeostasis. Tregs in the small intestine include Helios+ thymus-derived Tregs (tTregs) and RORγt+ Tregs that differentiate in the periphery after antigenic stimulation (pTregs). TCR and costimulatory signals sustain Tregs with effector phenotypes, including those in the intestine, but it is unknown if tTregs and pTregs have similar requirements for these pathways. We previously used mice lacking peripheral expression of MHCII to demonstrate that the small intestine sustains tTregs independently of peripheral antigen. Here, we show that the effector phenotype and tissue-resident signature of tTregs are also MHCII-independent. Using this model, we define the distinct costimulatory requirements of intestinal tTregs and pTregs. Helios+ effector tTregs proliferate through CD28 and require neither ICOS nor MHCII for maintenance. In contrast, RORγt+ pTregs use CD28 and ICOS. Notably, the differential costimulatory utilization allows tTregs and pTregs to dynamically respond to perturbations to support a fixed number of intestinal Tregs. This suggests that the environmental regulation of costimulatory ligands might shape the subpopulations of intestinal Tregs and promote effective homeostasis and defense. Our data reveal new complexity in effector Treg biology and costimulatory signaling of tTregs and pTregs and highlight the importance of analyzing both subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Cruz-Morales
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Andrew P Hart
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Georgia M Fossett
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Terri M Laufer
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Corporal Michael C. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
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4
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Petkau G, Mitchell TJ, Chakraborty K, Bell SE, D Angeli V, Matheson L, Turner DJ, Saveliev A, Gizlenci O, Salerno F, Katsikis PD, Turner M. The timing of differentiation and potency of CD8 effector function is set by RNA binding proteins. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2274. [PMID: 35477960 PMCID: PMC9046422 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29979-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cell differentiation into effector cells is initiated early after antigen encounter by signals from the T cell antigen receptor and costimulatory molecules. The molecular mechanisms that establish the timing and rate of differentiation however are not defined. Here we show that the RNA binding proteins (RBP) ZFP36 and ZFP36L1 limit the rate of differentiation of activated naïve CD8+ T cells and the potency of the resulting cytotoxic lymphocytes. The RBP function in an early and short temporal window to enforce dependency on costimulation via CD28 for full T cell activation and effector differentiation by directly binding mRNA of NF-κB, Irf8 and Notch1 transcription factors and cytokines, including Il2. Their absence in T cells, or the adoptive transfer of small numbers of CD8+ T cells lacking the RBP, promotes resilience to influenza A virus infection without immunopathology. These findings highlight ZFP36 and ZFP36L1 as nodes for the integration of the early T cell activation signals controlling the speed and quality of the CD8+ T cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Petkau
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Twm J Mitchell
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Krishnendu Chakraborty
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Sarah E Bell
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Vanessa D Angeli
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Louise Matheson
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - David J Turner
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Alexander Saveliev
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Ozge Gizlenci
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Fiamma Salerno
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Peter D Katsikis
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000CA, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martin Turner
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK.
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5
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Lawton ML, Emili A. Mass Spectrometry-Based Phosphoproteomics and Systems Biology: Approaches to Study T Lymphocyte Activation and Exhaustion. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:167318. [PMID: 34687714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
T lymphocytes respond to extracellular cues and recognize and clear foreign bodies. These functions are tightly regulated by receptor-mediated intracellular signal transduction pathways and phosphorylation cascades resulting in rewiring of transcription, cell adhesion, and metabolic pathways, which leads to changes in downstream effector functions including cytokine secretion and target-cell killing. Given that these pathways become dysregulated in chronic diseases such as cancer, auto-immunity, diabetes, and persistent infections, mapping T cell signaling dynamics in normal and pathological states is central to understanding and modulating immune system behavior. Despite recent advances, there remains much to be learned from the study of T cell signaling at a systems level. The application of global phospho-proteomic profiling technology has the potential to provide unprecedented insights into the molecular networks that govern T cell function. These include capturing the spatiotemporal dynamics of the T cell responses as an ensemble of interacting components, rather than a static view at a single point in time. In this review, we describe innovative experimental approaches to study signaling mechanisms in the TCR, co-stimulatory receptors, synthetic signaling molecules such as chimeric antigen receptors, inhibitory receptors, and T cell exhaustion. Technical advances in mass spectrometry and systems biology frameworks are emphasized as these are poised to identify currently unknown functional relationships and dependencies to create causal predictive models that expand from the traditional narrow reductionist lens of singular components in isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Lawton
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Emili
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
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6
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Arranz-Nicolás J, Martin-Salgado M, Rodríguez-Rodríguez C, Liébana R, Moreno-Ortiz MC, Leitner J, Steinberger P, Ávila-Flores A, Merida I. Diacylglycerol kinase ζ limits IL-2-dependent control of PD-1 expression in tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2020-001521. [PMID: 33246984 PMCID: PMC7703416 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The inhibitory functions triggered by the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) receptor following binding to its ligand (PD-L1) protect healthy organs from cytotoxic T cells, and neutralize antitumor T cell attack. Antibody-based therapies to block PD-1/PD-L1 interaction have yielded notable results, but most patients eventually develop resistance. This failure is attributed to CD8+ T cells achieving hyporesponsive states from which recovery is hardly feasible. Dysfunctional T cell phenotypes are favored by a sustained imbalance in the diacylglycerol (DAG)- and Ca2+-regulated transcriptional programs. In mice, DAG kinase ζ (DGKζ) facilitates DAG consumption, limiting T cell activation and cytotoxic T cell responses. DGKζ deficiency facilitates tumor rejection in mice without apparent adverse autoimmune effects. Despite its therapeutic potential, little is known about DGKζ function in human T cells, and no known inhibitors target this isoform. Methods We used a human triple parameter reporter cell line to examine the consequences of DGKζ depletion on the transcriptional restriction imposed by PD-1 ligation. We studied the effect of DGKζ deficiency on PD-1 expression dynamics, as well as the impact of DGKζ absence on the in vivo growth of MC38 adenocarcinoma cells. Results We demonstrate that DGKζ depletion enhances DAG-regulated transcriptional programs, promoting interleukin-2 production and partially counteracting PD-1 inhibitory functions. DGKζ loss results in limited PD-1 expression and enhanced expansion of cytotoxic CD8+ T cell populations. This is observed even in immunosuppressive milieus, and correlates with the reduced ability of MC38 adenocarcinoma cells to form tumors in DGKζ-deficient mice. Conclusions Our results, which define a role for DGKζ in the control of PD-1 expression, confirm DGKζ potential as a therapeutic target as well as a biomarker of CD8+ T cell dysfunctional states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rosa Liébana
- Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Judith Leitner
- Institute of Immunology. Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Steinberger
- Institute of Immunology. Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Isabel Merida
- Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia, Madrid, Spain
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7
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Kunkl M, Amormino C, Caristi S, Tedeschi V, Fiorillo MT, Levy R, Popugailo A, Kaempfer R, Tuosto L. Binding of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) to B7 Receptors Triggers TCR- and CD28-Mediated Inflammatory Signals in the Absence of MHC Class II Molecules. Front Immunol 2021; 12:723689. [PMID: 34489975 PMCID: PMC8418141 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.723689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory activity of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) relies on its capacity to trigger polyclonal T-cell activation by binding both T-cell receptor (TCR) and costimulatory receptor CD28 on T cells and MHC class II and B7 molecules on antigen presenting cells (APC). Previous studies highlighted that SEB may bind TCR and CD28 molecules independently of MHC class II, yet the relative contribution of these interactions to the pro-inflammatory function of SEB remained unclear. Here, we show that binding to MHC class II is dispensable for the inflammatory activity of SEB, whereas binding to TCR, CD28 and B7 molecules is pivotal, in both human primary T cells and Jurkat T cell lines. In particular, our finding is that binding of SEB to B7 molecules suffices to trigger both TCR- and CD28-mediated inflammatory signalling. We also provide evidence that, by strengthening the interaction between CD28 and B7, SEB favours the recruitment of the TCR into the immunological synapse, thus inducing lethal inflammatory signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kunkl
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Carola Amormino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvana Caristi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Tedeschi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Fiorillo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Revital Levy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Andrey Popugailo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Raymond Kaempfer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Loretta Tuosto
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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8
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Kunkl M, Amormino C, Frascolla S, Sambucci M, De Bardi M, Caristi S, Arcieri S, Battistini L, Tuosto L. CD28 Autonomous Signaling Orchestrates IL-22 Expression and IL-22-Regulated Epithelial Barrier Functions in Human T Lymphocytes. Front Immunol 2020; 11:590964. [PMID: 33178223 PMCID: PMC7592429 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.590964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-22 is a member of the IL-10 cytokine family involved in host protection against extracellular pathogens, by promoting epithelial cell regeneration and barrier functions. Dysregulation of IL-22 production has also frequently been observed in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and several chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. We have previously described that human CD28, a crucial co-stimulatory receptor necessary for full T cell activation, is also able to act as a TCR independent signaling receptor and to induce the expression of IL-17A and inflammatory cytokines related to Th17 cells, which together with Th22 cells represent the main cellular source of IL-22. Here we characterized the role of CD28 autonomous signaling in regulating IL-22 expression in human CD4+ T cells. We show that CD28 stimulation in the absence of TCR strongly up-regulates IL-22 gene expression and secretion. As recently observed for IL-17A, we also found that CD28-mediated regulation of IL-22 transcription requires the cooperative activities of both IL-6-activated STAT3 and RelA/NF-κB transcription factors. CD28-mediated IL-22 production also promotes the barrier functions of epithelial cells by inducing mucin and metalloproteases expression. Finally, by using specific inhibitory drugs, we also identified CD28-associated class 1A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) as a pivotal mediator of CD28-mediated IL-22 expression and IL-22-dependent epithelial cell barrier functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kunkl
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Carola Amormino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Frascolla
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Manolo Sambucci
- Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco De Bardi
- Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvana Caristi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Arcieri
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Battistini
- Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Loretta Tuosto
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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9
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Bhattacharyya ND, Feng CG. Regulation of T Helper Cell Fate by TCR Signal Strength. Front Immunol 2020; 11:624. [PMID: 32508803 PMCID: PMC7248325 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells are critical in orchestrating protective immune responses to cancer and an array of pathogens. The interaction between a peptide MHC (pMHC) complex on antigen presenting cells (APCs) and T cell receptors (TCRs) on T cells initiates T cell activation, division, and clonal expansion in secondary lymphoid organs. T cells must also integrate multiple T cell-intrinsic and extrinsic signals to acquire the effector functions essential for the defense against invading microbes. In the case of T helper cell differentiation, while innate cytokines have been demonstrated to shape effector CD4+ T lymphocyte function, the contribution of TCR signaling strength to T helper cell differentiation is less understood. In this review, we summarize the signaling cascades regulated by the strength of TCR stimulation. Various mechanisms in which TCR signal strength controls T helper cell expansion and differentiation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayan D Bhattacharyya
- Immunology and Host Defense Group, Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Tuberculosis Research Program, Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carl G Feng
- Immunology and Host Defense Group, Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Tuberculosis Research Program, Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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10
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Philipson BI, O'Connor RS, May MJ, June CH, Albelda SM, Milone MC. 4-1BB costimulation promotes CAR T cell survival through noncanonical NF-κB signaling. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/625/eaay8248. [PMID: 32234960 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aay8248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Clinical response to chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is correlated with CAR T cell persistence, especially for CAR T cells that target CD19+ hematologic malignancies. 4-1BB-costimulated CAR (BBζ) T cells exhibit longer persistence after adoptive transfer than do CD28-costimulated CAR (28ζ) T cells. 4-1BB signaling improves T cell persistence even in the context of 28ζ CAR activation, which indicates distinct prosurvival signals mediated by the 4-1BB cytoplasmic domain. To specifically study signal transduction by CARs, we developed a cell-free, ligand-based activation and ex vivo culture system for CD19-specific CAR T cells. We observed greater ex vivo survival and subsequent expansion of BBζ CAR T cells when compared to 28ζ CAR T cells. We showed that only BBζ CARs activated noncanonical nuclear factor κB (ncNF-κB) signaling in T cells basally and that the anti-CD19 BBζ CAR further enhanced ncNF-κB signaling after ligand engagement. Reducing ncNF-κB signaling reduced the expansion and survival of anti-CD19 BBζ T cells and was associated with a substantial increase in the abundance of the most pro-apoptotic isoforms of Bim. Although our findings do not exclude the importance of other signaling differences between BBζ and 28ζ CARs, they demonstrate the necessary and nonredundant role of ncNF-κB signaling in promoting the survival of BBζ CAR T cells, which likely underlies the engraftment persistence observed with this CAR design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin I Philipson
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Roddy S O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael J May
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Carl H June
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Steven M Albelda
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael C Milone
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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11
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Kunkl M, Sambucci M, Ruggieri S, Amormino C, Tortorella C, Gasperini C, Battistini L, Tuosto L. CD28 Autonomous Signaling Up-Regulates C-Myc Expression and Promotes Glycolysis Enabling Inflammatory T Cell Responses in Multiple Sclerosis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060575. [PMID: 31212712 PMCID: PMC6628233 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) depend on the expansion of specific inflammatory T cell subsets, which are key effectors of tissue damage and demyelination. Emerging studies evidence that a reprogramming of T cell metabolism may occur in MS, thus the identification of stimulatory molecules and associated signaling pathways coordinating the metabolic processes that amplify T cell inflammation in MS is pivotal. Here, we characterized the involvement of the cluster of differentiation (CD)28 and associated signaling mediators in the modulation of the metabolic programs regulating pro-inflammatory T cell functions in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients. We show that CD28 up-regulates glycolysis independent of the T cell receptor (TCR) engagement by promoting the increase of c-myc and the glucose transporter, Glut1, in RRMS CD4+ T cells. The increase of glycolysis induced by CD28 was important for the expression of inflammatory cytokines related to T helper (Th)17 cells, as demonstrated by the strong inhibition exerted by impairing the glycolytic pathway. Finally, we identified the class 1A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) as the critical signaling mediator of CD28 that regulates cell metabolism and amplify specific inflammatory T cell phenotypes in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kunkl
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy.
- Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Manolo Sambucci
- Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Serena Ruggieri
- Department of Neurosciences, S. Camillo/Forlanini Hospital, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Carola Amormino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Carla Tortorella
- Department of Neurosciences, S. Camillo/Forlanini Hospital, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Claudio Gasperini
- Department of Neurosciences, S. Camillo/Forlanini Hospital, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Luca Battistini
- Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Loretta Tuosto
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy.
- Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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12
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Kunkl M, Mastrogiovanni M, Porciello N, Caristi S, Monteleone E, Arcieri S, Tuosto L. CD28 Individual Signaling Up-regulates Human IL-17A Expression by Promoting the Recruitment of RelA/NF-κB and STAT3 Transcription Factors on the Proximal Promoter. Front Immunol 2019; 10:864. [PMID: 31068940 PMCID: PMC6491678 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
CD28 is an important co-stimulatory receptor for T lymphocytes that, in humans, delivers TCR-independent signal leading to the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. We have recently reported that CD28 autonomous signaling induces the expression of IL-17A in peripheral CD4+ T lymphocytes from healthy donors, multiple sclerosis, and type 1 diabetes patients. Due to the relevance of IL-17A in the pathophysiology of several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, we characterized the mechanisms and signaling mediators responsible for CD28-induced IL-17A expression. Here we show that CD28-mediated up-regulation of IL-17A gene expression depends on RelA/NF-κB and IL-6-associated STAT3 transcriptions factors. In particular, we found that CD28-activated RelA/NF-κB induces the expression of IL-6 that, in a positive feedback loop, mediates the activation and nuclear translocation of tyrosine phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3). pSTAT3 in turn cooperates with RelA/NF-κB by binding specific sequences within the proximal promoter of human IL-17A gene, thus inducing its expression. Finally, by using specific inhibitory drugs, we also identified class 1A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) as a critical upstream regulator of CD28-mediated RelA/NF-κB and STAT3 recruitments and trans-activation of IL-17A promoter. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism by which human CD28 may amplify IL-17A expression in human T lymphocytes and provide biological bases for immunotherapeutic approaches targeting CD28-associated class 1A PI3K to dampen IL-17A-mediated inflammatory response in autoimmune/inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kunkl
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Mastrogiovanni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, INSERM U1221, Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
| | - Nicla Porciello
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Silvana Caristi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Monteleone
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Arcieri
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Loretta Tuosto
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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13
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Spetz J, Presser AG, Sarosiek KA. T Cells and Regulated Cell Death: Kill or Be Killed. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 342:27-71. [PMID: 30635093 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell death plays two major complementary roles in T cell biology: mediating the removal of cells that are targeted by T cells and the removal of T cells themselves. T cells serve as major actors in the adaptive immune response and function by selectively killing cells which are infected or dysfunctional. This feature is highly involved during homeostatic maintenance, and is relied upon and modulated in the context of cancer immunotherapy. The vital recognition and elimination of both autoreactive T cells and cells which are unable to recognize threats is a highly selective and regulated process. Moreover, detection of potential threats will result in the activation and expansion of T cells, which on resolution of the immune response will need to be eliminated. The culling of these T cells can be executed via a multitude of cell death pathways which are used in context-specific manners. Failure of these processes may result in an accumulation of misdirected or dysfunctional T cells, leading to complications such as autoimmunity or cancer. This review will focus on the role of cell death regulation in the maintenance of T cell homeostasis, as well as T cell-mediated elimination of infected or dysfunctional cells, and will summarize and discuss the current knowledge of the cellular mechanisms which are implicated in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Spetz
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Adam G Presser
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kristopher A Sarosiek
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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14
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Sundqvist KG. T Cell Co-Stimulation: Inhibition of Immunosuppression? Front Immunol 2018; 9:974. [PMID: 29774033 PMCID: PMC5943593 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Gösta Sundqvist
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Abstract
CD28 superagonistic antibodies (CD28SAb) can preferentially activate and expand immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Treg) in mice. However, pre-clinical trials assessing CD28SAbs for the therapy of autoimmune diseases reveal severe systemic inflammatory response syndrome in humans, thereby implying the existence of distinct signalling abilities between human and mouse CD28. Here, we show that a single amino acid variant within the C-terminal proline-rich motif of human and mouse CD28 (P212 in human vs. A210 in mouse) regulates CD28-induced NF-κB activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression. Moreover, this Y209APP212 sequence in humans is crucial for the association of CD28 with the Nck adaptor protein for actin cytoskeleton reorganisation events necessary for CD28 autonomous signalling. This study thus unveils different outcomes between human and mouse CD28 signalling to underscore the importance of species difference when transferring results from preclinical models to the bedside. CD28 transmits co-stimulatory signals for the activation of both mouse and human T cells, but in vivo hyperactivation of CD28 has opposite effects on system immunity. Here, the authors show that a single amino acid difference between mouse and human CD28 dictates this function distinction via differential recruitment of Nck.
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16
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Taylor A, Rudd CE. Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Inactivation Compensates for the Lack of CD28 in the Priming of CD8 + Cytotoxic T-Cells: Implications for anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1653. [PMID: 29312284 PMCID: PMC5732207 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The rescue of exhausted CD8+ cytolytic T-cells (CTLs) by anti-Programmed Cell Death-1 (anti-PD-1) blockade has been found to require CD28 expression. At the same time, we have shown that the inactivation of the serine/threonine kinase glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3α/β with small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) specifically down-regulates PD-1 expression for enhanced CD8+ CTL function and clearance of tumors and viral infections. Despite this, it has been unclear whether the GSK-3α/β pathway accounts for CD28 costimulation of CD8+ CTL function. In this article, we show that inactivation of GSK-3α/β through siRNA or by SMIs during priming can substitute CD28 co-stimulation in the potentiation of cytotoxic CD8+ CTL function against the EL-4 lymphoma cells expressing OVA peptide. The effect was seen using several structurally distinct GSK-3 SMIs and was accompanied by an increase in Lamp-1 and GZMB expression. Conversely, CD28 crosslinking obviated the need for GSK-3α/β inhibition in its enhancement of CTL function. Our findings support a model where GSK-3 is the central cosignal for CD28 priming of CD8+ CTLs in anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Taylor
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology (LICAP), University of Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher E Rudd
- Division of Immunology-Oncology Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pathology, Cell Signalling Section, Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Immune Venture Ltd., London, United Kingdom
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17
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Horn LA, Long TM, Atkinson R, Clements V, Ostrand-Rosenberg S. Soluble CD80 Protein Delays Tumor Growth and Promotes Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes. Cancer Immunol Res 2017; 6:59-68. [PMID: 29122838 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-17-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells use various immune-suppressive strategies to overcome antitumor immunity. One such method is tumor expression of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1), which triggers apoptotic death or anergy upon binding programmed death-1 (PD-1) on T cells. Our previous in vitro cellular studies with human and mouse PD-L1+ tumor cells demonstrated that a soluble form of the costimulatory molecule CD80 prevented PD-L1-mediated immune suppression and restored T-cell activation by binding PD-L1 and blocking interaction with PD-1. We now report that in vivo treatment of established syngeneic PD-L1+ CT26 colon carcinoma and B16F10 melanoma tumors with CD80-Fc delays tumor growth and promotes tumor-infiltrating T cells. Studies with PD-1-/- and CD28-/- mice demonstrate that soluble CD80 acts in vivo by simultaneously neutralizing PD-1 suppression and activating through CD28. We also report that soluble CD80 mediates its effects by activating transcription factors EGR1-4, NF-κB, and MAPK, downstream signaling components of the CD28 and T-cell receptor pathways. Soluble CD80 binds to CTLA-4 on activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. However, increasing quantities of CTLA-4 antagonist antibodies do not increase T-cell activation. These results indicate that soluble CD80 does not suppress T-cell function through CTLA-4 and suggest that CTLA-4 acts as a decoy receptor for CD80, rather than functioning as a suppressive signaling receptor. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that soluble CD80 has therapeutic efficacy in vivo in mouse tumor systems and that its effects are due to its ability to inhibit PD-1-mediated suppression while concurrently activating T cells through CD28. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(1); 59-68. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A Horn
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tiha M Long
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ryan Atkinson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Virginia Clements
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
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18
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Besson B, Sonthonnax F, Duchateau M, Ben Khalifa Y, Larrous F, Eun H, Hourdel V, Matondo M, Chamot-Rooke J, Grailhe R, Bourhy H. Regulation of NF-κB by the p105-ABIN2-TPL2 complex and RelAp43 during rabies virus infection. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006697. [PMID: 29084252 PMCID: PMC5679641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
At the crossroad between the NF-κB and the MAPK pathways, the ternary complex composed of p105, ABIN2 and TPL2 is essential for the host cell response to pathogens. The matrix protein (M) of field isolates of rabies virus was previously shown to disturb the signaling induced by RelAp43, a NF-κB protein close to RelA/p65. Here, we investigated how the M protein disturbs the NF-κB pathway in a RelAp43-dependant manner and the potential involvement of the ternary complex in this mechanism. Using a tandem affinity purification coupled with mass spectrometry approach, we show that RelAp43 interacts with the p105-ABIN2-TPL2 complex and we observe a strong perturbation of this complex in presence of M protein. M protein interaction with RelAp43 is associated with a wide disturbance of NF-κB signaling, involving a modulation of IκBα-, IκBβ-, and IκBε-RelAp43 interaction and a favored interaction of RelAp43 with the non-canonical pathway (RelB and p100/p52). Monitoring the interactions between host and viral proteins using protein-fragment complementation assay and bioluminescent resonance energy transfer, we further show that RelAp43 is associated to the p105-ABIN2-TPL2 complex as RelAp43-p105 interaction stabilizes the formation of a complex with ABIN2 and TPL2. Interestingly, the M protein interacts not only with RelAp43 but also with TPL2 and ABIN2. Upon interaction with this complex, M protein promotes the release of ABIN2, which ultimately favors the production of RelAp43-p50 NF-κB dimers. The use of recombinant rabies viruses further indicates that this mechanism leads to the control of IFNβ, TNF and CXCL2 expression during the infection and a high pathogenicity profile in rabies virus infected mice. All together, our results demonstrate the important role of RelAp43 and M protein in the regulation of NF-κB signaling. Rabies virus is a recurring zoonosis responsible for about 60,000 deaths per year. A key feature of rabies virus is its stealth, allowing it to spread within the host and escape the immune response. To do so, rabies virus developed several mechanisms, including a thorough interference with cell signaling pathways. Here, we focused our attention on the molecular aspects of rabies virus escape to the NF-κB pathway through the interaction between the M protein and the NF-κB protein RelAp43. Monitoring close range interactions, we found that RelAp43 plays an important role in the stabilization of the p105-ABIN2-TPL2 complex, which is essential in the regulation of both NF-κB and MAPK pathways, and we brought a new insight on the dynamics within the host protein complex. These results were confirmed in living cells and in mice. Overall, our data suggest that rabies virus interference with the p105-ABIN2-TPL2 complex is a cornerstone of its stealth strategy to escape the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Besson
- Unité Dynamique des Lyssavirus et Adaptation à l'Hôte, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Cellule Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Florian Sonthonnax
- Unité Dynamique des Lyssavirus et Adaptation à l'Hôte, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Cellule Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Magalie Duchateau
- Unité de Spectrométrie de Masse Structurale et Protéomique, Plateforme Protéomique, CNRS USR 2000 Spectrométrie de masse pour la biologie, Paris, France
| | | | - Florence Larrous
- Unité Dynamique des Lyssavirus et Adaptation à l'Hôte, Paris, France
| | - Hyeju Eun
- Technology Development Platform, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro 712 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Rep. of Korea
| | - Véronique Hourdel
- Unité de Spectrométrie de Masse Structurale et Protéomique, Plateforme Protéomique, CNRS USR 2000 Spectrométrie de masse pour la biologie, Paris, France
| | - Mariette Matondo
- Unité de Spectrométrie de Masse Structurale et Protéomique, Plateforme Protéomique, CNRS USR 2000 Spectrométrie de masse pour la biologie, Paris, France
| | - Julia Chamot-Rooke
- Unité de Spectrométrie de Masse Structurale et Protéomique, Plateforme Protéomique, CNRS USR 2000 Spectrométrie de masse pour la biologie, Paris, France
| | - Regis Grailhe
- Technology Development Platform, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro 712 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Rep. of Korea
| | - Hervé Bourhy
- Unité Dynamique des Lyssavirus et Adaptation à l'Hôte, Paris, France
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19
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Dynamic regulation of CD28 conformation and signaling by charged lipids and ions. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2017; 24:1081-1092. [PMID: 29058713 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.3489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CD28 provides an essential costimulatory signal for T cell activation, and its function is critical in antitumor immunity. However, the molecular mechanism of CD28 transmembrane signaling remains elusive. Here we show that the conformation and signaling of CD28 are regulated by two counteractive charged factors, acidic phospholipids and Ca2+ ions. NMR spectroscopy analyses showed that acidic phospholipids can sequester CD28 signaling motifs within the membrane, thereby limiting CD28 basal signaling. T cell receptor (TCR) activation induced an increase in the local Ca2+ concentration around CD28, and Ca2+ directly disrupted CD28-lipid interaction, leading to opening and signaling of CD28. We observed that the TCR, Ca2+, and CD28 together form a dual-positive-feedback circuit that substantially amplifies T cell signaling and thus increases antigen sensitivity. This work unravels a new regulatory mechanism for CD28 signaling and thus contributes to the understanding of the dependence of costimulation signaling on TCR signaling and the high sensitivity of T cells.
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20
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Alharshawi K, Marinelarena A, Kumar P, El-Sayed O, Bhattacharya P, Sun Z, Epstein AL, Maker AV, Prabhakar BS. PKC-ѳ is dispensable for OX40L-induced TCR-independent Treg proliferation but contributes by enabling IL-2 production from effector T-cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6594. [PMID: 28747670 PMCID: PMC5529425 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05254-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that OX40L/OX40 interaction is critical for TCR-independent selective proliferation of Foxp3+ Tregs, but not Foxp3- effector T-cells (Teff), when CD4+ T-cells are co-cultured with GM-CSF derived bone marrow dendritic cells (G-BMDCs). Events downstream of OX40L/OX40 interaction in Tregs responsible for this novel mechanism are not understood. Earlier, OX40L/OX40 interaction has been shown to stimulate CD4+ T-cells through the formation of a signalosome involving TRAF2/PKC-Ѳ leading to NF-kB activation. In this study, using CD4+ T-cells from WT and OX40-/- mice we first established that OX40 mediated activation of NF-kB was critical for this Treg proliferation. Although CD4+ T-cells from PKC-Ѳ-/- mice were also defective in G-BMDC induced Treg proliferation ex vivo, this defect could be readily corrected by adding exogenous IL-2 to the co-cultures. Furthermore, by treating WT, OX40-/-, and PKC-Ѳ-/- mice with soluble OX40L we established that OX40L/OX40 interaction was required and sufficient to induce Treg proliferation in vivo independent of PKC-Ѳ status. Although PKC-Ѳ is dispensable for TCR-independent Treg proliferation per se, it is essential for optimum IL-2 production by Teff cells. Finally, our findings suggest that OX40L binding to OX40 likely results in recruitment of TRAF1 for downstream signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Alharshawi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alejandra Marinelarena
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Prabhakaran Kumar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Osama El-Sayed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Palash Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Zuoming Sun
- Department of Immunology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Alan L Epstein
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ajay V Maker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bellur S Prabhakar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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21
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Li KP, Shanmuganad S, Carroll K, Katz JD, Jordan MB, Hildeman DA. Dying to protect: cell death and the control of T-cell homeostasis. Immunol Rev 2017; 277:21-43. [PMID: 28462527 PMCID: PMC5416827 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
T cells play a critical role in immune responses as they specifically recognize peptide/MHC complexes with their T-cell receptors and initiate adaptive immune responses. While T cells are critical for performing appropriate effector functions and maintaining immune memory, they also can cause autoimmunity or neoplasia if misdirected or dysregulated. Thus, T cells must be tightly regulated from their development onward. Maintenance of appropriate T-cell homeostasis is essential to promote protective immunity and limit autoimmunity and neoplasia. This review will focus on the role of cell death in maintenance of T-cell homeostasis and outline novel therapeutic strategies tailored to manipulate cell death to limit T-cell survival (eg, autoimmunity and transplantation) or enhance T-cell survival (eg, vaccination and immune deficiency).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Po Li
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Sharmila Shanmuganad
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Kaitlin Carroll
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jonathan D. Katz
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes Research Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Michael B. Jordan
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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22
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Kunkl M, Porciello N, Mastrogiovanni M, Capuano C, Lucantoni F, Moretti C, Persson JL, Galandrini R, Buzzetti R, Tuosto L. ISA-2011B, a Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate 5-Kinase α Inhibitor, Impairs CD28-Dependent Costimulatory and Pro-inflammatory Signals in Human T Lymphocytes. Front Immunol 2017; 8:502. [PMID: 28491063 PMCID: PMC5405084 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate (PIP2) is a membrane phospholipid that controls the activity of several proteins regulating cytoskeleton reorganization, cytokine gene expression, T cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinases (PIP5Ks) are the main enzymes involved in PIP2 biosynthesis by phosphorylating phosphatidylinositol 4-monophosphate (PI4P) at the D5 position of the inositol ring. In human T lymphocytes, we recently found that CD28 costimulatory molecule is pivotal for PIP2 turnover by recruiting and activating PIP5Kα. We also found that PIP5Kα is the main regulator of both CD28 costimulatory signals integrating those delivered by TCR as well as CD28 autonomous signals regulating the expression of pro-inflammatory genes. Given emerging studies linking alterations of PIP2 metabolism to immune-based diseases, PIP5Kα may represent a promising target to modulate immunity and inflammation. Herewith, we characterized a recently discovered inhibitor of PIP5Kα, ISA-2011B, for its inhibitory effects on T lymphocyte functions. We found that the inhibition of PIP5Kα lipid-kinase activity by ISA-2011B significantly impaired CD28 costimulatory signals necessary for TCR-mediated Ca2+ influx, NF-AT transcriptional activity, and IL-2 gene expression as well as CD28 autonomous signals regulating the activation of NF-κB and the transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine genes. Moreover, our data on the inhibitory effects of ISA-2011B on CD28-mediated upregulation of inflammatory cytokines related to Th17 cell phenotype in type 1 diabetes patients suggest ISA-2011B as a promising anti-inflammatory drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kunkl
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicla Porciello
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Mastrogiovanni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Capuano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Moretti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Jenny L Persson
- Division of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | - Loretta Tuosto
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
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23
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Esensten JH, Helou YA, Chopra G, Weiss A, Bluestone JA. CD28 Costimulation: From Mechanism to Therapy. Immunity 2016; 44:973-88. [PMID: 27192564 PMCID: PMC4932896 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 526] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ligation of the CD28 receptor on T cells provides a critical second signal alongside T cell receptor (TCR) ligation for naive T cell activation. Here, we discuss the expression, structure, and biochemistry of CD28 and its ligands. CD28 signals play a key role in many T cell processes, including cytoskeletal remodeling, production of cytokines, survival, and differentiation. CD28 ligation leads to unique epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-translational changes in T cells that cannot be recapitulated by TCR ligation alone. We discuss the function of CD28 and its ligands in both effector and regulatory T cells. CD28 is critical for regulatory T cell survival and the maintenance of immune homeostasis. We outline the roles that CD28 and its family members play in human disease and we review the clinical efficacy of drugs that block CD28 ligands. Despite the centrality of CD28 and its family members and ligands to immune function, many aspects of CD28 biology remain unclear. Translation of a basic understanding of CD28 function into immunomodulatory therapeutics has been uneven, with both successes and failures. Such real-world results might stem from multiple factors, including complex receptor-ligand interactions among CD28 family members, differences between the mouse and human CD28 families, and cell-type specific roles of CD28 family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H Esensten
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Ynes A Helou
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Gaurav Chopra
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue Center for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Arthur Weiss
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Bluestone
- Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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24
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Porciello N, Kunkl M, Viola A, Tuosto L. Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate 5-Kinases in the Regulation of T Cell Activation. Front Immunol 2016; 7:186. [PMID: 27242793 PMCID: PMC4865508 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate kinases (PIP5Ks) are critical regulators of T cell activation being the main enzymes involved in the synthesis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate (PIP2). PIP2 is indeed a pivotal regulator of the actin cytoskeleton, thus controlling T cell polarization and migration, stable adhesion to antigen-presenting cells, spatial organization of the immunological synapse, and co-stimulation. Moreover, PIP2 also serves as a precursor for the second messengers inositol triphosphate, diacylglycerol, and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate, which are essential for the activation of signaling pathways regulating cytokine production, cell cycle progression, survival, metabolism, and differentiation. Here, we discuss the impact of PIP5Ks on several T lymphocyte functions with a specific focus on the role of CD28 co-stimulation in PIP5K compartimentalization and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicla Porciello
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University , Rome , Italy
| | - Martina Kunkl
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Antonella Viola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy
| | - Loretta Tuosto
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University , Rome , Italy
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25
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Muxel SM, Laranjeira-Silva MF, Carvalho-Sousa CE, Floeter-Winter LM, Markus RP. The RelA/cRel nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) dimer, crucial for inflammation resolution, mediates the transcription of the key enzyme in melatonin synthesis in RAW 264.7 macrophages. J Pineal Res 2016; 60:394-404. [PMID: 26887983 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) modulates the transcription of the gene that codifies the enzyme arylalkylamine-N-acetyltransferase (AA-NAT) through nuclear translocation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). AA-NAT converts serotonin to N-acetylserotonin, the ultimate precursor of melatonin. Activation of kappa B elements (aa-nat-κB), localized in the promoter (nat-κB1 and nat-κB2), leads to Aa-nat transcription in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Competitive electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) with oligonucleotide probes corresponding to each of the two elements, as well as a NF-κB consensus corresponding probe, revealed different specificities for each κB element. In addition, activator protein-1 (AP-1) as well as signal transducers and activator of transcription-1 and 3 (STAT-1; STAT-3) competed with NF-κB for binding to nat-κB1, while only STAT-3 competed with NF-κB for binding to nat-κB2. According to co-immunoprecipitation (ChiP) assays, these two sites are able to distinguish NF-κB subunits. The sequence nat-κB1 bound dimers containing p52, RelA, and cRel, while nat-κB2 bound preferentially p50, p52, and RelA, and did not bind cRel. The expression of RelA and cRel is essential for the induction of Aa-nat expression and melatonin synthesis. Considering that the expression of cRel is induced by the earlier expressed p50/RelA, the differential effects of NF-κB dimers may be intimately associated with the temporal regulation of inflammatory responses, with the resolution phase being associated with paracrine and autocrine melatonin effects. Such data suggest that the proven effects of exogenous melatonin in the resolution phase of inflammation are paralleled by the effects of locally synthesized melatonin in immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Marcia Muxel
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Regina P Markus
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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26
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Porciello N, Tuosto L. CD28 costimulatory signals in T lymphocyte activation: Emerging functions beyond a qualitative and quantitative support to TCR signalling. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2016; 28:11-9. [PMID: 26970725 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
CD28 is one of the most important co-stimulatory receptors necessary for full T lymphocyte activation. By binding its cognate ligands, B7.1/CD80 or B7.2/CD86, expressed on the surface of professional antigen presenting cells (APC), CD28 initiates several signalling cascades, which qualitatively and quantitatively support T cell receptor (TCR) signalling. More recent data evidenced that human CD28 can also act as a TCR-independent signalling unit, by delivering specific signals, which regulate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokines. Despite the enormous progresses made in identifying the mechanisms and molecules involved in CD28 signalling properties, much remains to be elucidated, especially in the light of the functional differences observed between human and mouse CD28. In this review we provide an overview of the current mechanisms and molecules through which CD28 support TCR signalling and highlight recent findings on the specific signalling motifs that regulate the unique pro-inflammatory activity of human CD28.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicla Porciello
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Loretta Tuosto
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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27
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Liu B, Ma S, Wang T, Zhao C, Li Y, Yin J, Liu C, Gao C, Sun L, Yue W, Yu H, Jia R. A novel rat model of heart failure induced by high methionine diet showing evidence of association between hyperhomocysteinemia and activation of NF-kappaB. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:117-124. [PMID: 27069545 PMCID: PMC4759421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is one of the most serious diseases worldwide, and can be caused by many factors, among them hyperhomocysteinemia can increase the risk for development of heart failure. In this study, we treated rats with high methionine diet (HMD), which can be conversed to homocysteine in human body, to induce a novel model of heart failure. We proved the successful establishment of this model by echocardiography and pathological evaluation at the termination of treatment. Ejection fraction and fractional shortening were significantly deceased after HMD treatment, while left ventricular volume in systole was increased. HMD treatment caused hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes, disarrangement of myofibers, and infiltration of inflammatory cells, as well as abundant apoptotic cells appeared after HMD treatment. Plasmatic homocysteine level was elevated after HMD treatment. Furthermore, through electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation, the activity of NF-κB in nuclear extract was also significantly elevated, showing evidence of positive relationship between hyperhomocysteinemia and activation of NF-κB in HMD-induced heart failure. The successful development and validation of this model have made it a new tool for translational medical research of metabolic disorders-related cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan Jinan 250031, Shandong, China
| | - Shengting Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan Jinan 250031, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan Jinan 250031, Shandong, China
| | - Chengjun Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan Jinan 250031, Shandong, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan Jinan 250031, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Yin
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan Jinan 250031, Shandong, China
| | - Cuixia Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan Jinan 250031, Shandong, China
| | - Chengzhi Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan Jinan 250031, Shandong, China
| | - Ling Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan Jinan 250031, Shandong, China
| | - Wenwei Yue
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan Jinan 250031, Shandong, China
| | - Huapeng Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan Jinan 250031, Shandong, China
| | - Ruyi Jia
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan Jinan 250031, Shandong, China
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28
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Kolev M, Dimeloe S, Le Friec G, Navarini A, Arbore G, Povoleri GA, Fischer M, Belle R, Loeliger J, Develioglu L, Bantug GR, Watson J, Couzi L, Afzali B, Lavender P, Hess C, Kemper C. Complement Regulates Nutrient Influx and Metabolic Reprogramming during Th1 Cell Responses. Immunity 2015; 42:1033-47. [PMID: 26084023 PMCID: PMC4518498 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Expansion and acquisition of Th1 cell effector function requires metabolic reprogramming; however, the signals instructing these adaptations remain poorly defined. Here we found that in activated human T cells, autocrine stimulation of the complement receptor CD46, and specifically its intracellular domain CYT-1, was required for induction of the amino acid (AA) transporter LAT1 and enhanced expression of the glucose transporter GLUT1. Furthermore, CD46 activation simultaneously drove expression of LAMTOR5, which mediated assembly of the AA-sensing Ragulator-Rag-mTORC1 complex and increased glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), required for cytokine production. T cells from CD46-deficient patients, characterized by defective Th1 cell induction, failed to upregulate the molecular components of this metabolic program as well as glycolysis and OXPHOS, but IFN-γ production could be reinstated by retrovirus-mediated CD46-CYT-1 expression. These data establish a critical link between the complement system and immunometabolic adaptations driving human CD4+ T cell effector function. CD46 regulates GLUT1 and LAT1 and enhances glucose and AA uptake in T cells LAMTOR5 mediates Ragulator-Rag-mTORC1 assembly in activated T cells Complement drives glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation critical to Th1 cell induction
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kolev
- Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Sarah Dimeloe
- Department of Biomedicine, Immunobiology, University of Basel, 20 Hebelstrasse, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gaelle Le Friec
- Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Alexander Navarini
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, 31 Gloriastrasse, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppina Arbore
- Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Giovanni A Povoleri
- Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK; Biomedical Research Centre, King's Health Partners, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Marco Fischer
- Department of Biomedicine, Immunobiology, University of Basel, 20 Hebelstrasse, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Réka Belle
- Department of Biomedicine, Immunobiology, University of Basel, 20 Hebelstrasse, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jordan Loeliger
- Department of Biomedicine, Immunobiology, University of Basel, 20 Hebelstrasse, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Leyla Develioglu
- Department of Biomedicine, Immunobiology, University of Basel, 20 Hebelstrasse, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Glenn R Bantug
- Department of Biomedicine, Immunobiology, University of Basel, 20 Hebelstrasse, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julie Watson
- MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Lionel Couzi
- Nephrology Transplantation, CHU Bordeaux, Hospital Pellegrin, CNRS UMR 1564, 146 rue Leo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Behdad Afzali
- Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK; Biomedical Research Centre, King's Health Partners, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK; Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Paul Lavender
- MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Christoph Hess
- Department of Biomedicine, Immunobiology, University of Basel, 20 Hebelstrasse, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Claudia Kemper
- Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK.
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29
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Muscolini M, Camperio C, Porciello N, Caristi S, Capuano C, Viola A, Galandrini R, Tuosto L. Phosphatidylinositol 4–Phosphate 5–Kinase α and Vav1 Mutual Cooperation in CD28-Mediated Actin Remodeling and Signaling Functions. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:1323-1333. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5–biphosphate (PIP2) is a cell membrane phosphoinositide crucial for cell signaling and activation. Indeed, PIP2 is a pivotal source for second messenger generation and controlling the activity of several proteins regulating cytoskeleton reorganization. Despite its critical role in T cell activation, the molecular mechanisms regulating PIP2 turnover remain largely unknown. In human primary CD4+ T lymphocytes, we have recently demonstrated that CD28 costimulatory receptor is crucial for regulating PIP2 turnover by allowing the recruitment and activation of the lipid kinase phosphatidylinositol 4–phosphate 5–kinase (PIP5Kα). We also identified PIP5Kα as a key modulator of CD28 costimulatory signals leading to the efficient T cell activation. In this study, we extend these data by demonstrating that PIP5Kα recruitment and activation is essential for CD28-mediated cytoskeleton rearrangement necessary for organizing a complete signaling compartment leading to downstream signaling functions. We also identified Vav1 as the linker molecule that couples the C-terminal proline-rich motif of CD28 to the recruitment and activation of PIP5Kα, which in turn cooperates with Vav1 in regulating actin polymerization and CD28 signaling functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Muscolini
- *Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin,” Pasteur Institute–Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Camperio
- *Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin,” Pasteur Institute–Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicla Porciello
- *Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin,” Pasteur Institute–Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvana Caristi
- *Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin,” Pasteur Institute–Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Capuano
- †Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Viola
- ‡The Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova 35129, Italy; and
- §Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35121, Italy
| | | | - Loretta Tuosto
- *Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin,” Pasteur Institute–Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
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30
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Pyruvate kinase M2 affects liver cancer cell behavior through up-regulation of HIF-1α and Bcl-xL in culture. Biomed Pharmacother 2014; 69:277-84. [PMID: 25661370 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells consume large amounts of glucose to produce lactate, even in the presence of ample oxygen. This phenomenon is known as the Warburg effect. The pyruvate kinase promotes aerobic glycolysis, and the pyruvate kinase M2 isoform (PKM2) is highly expressed in many cancer cells. Although the Warburg effect is a hallmark of cancer, the mechanism by which PKM2 contributes to the Warburg effect, and its role in tumor growth remain to be defined. We proposed that PKM2 activates transcription of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) by phosphorylating STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) at Y705 (tyrosine 705) as a plausible mechanism for liver cancer cell proliferation. In the current study, we observed that PKM2 was over-expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues. The experiments further indicate that nuclear PKM2 is an active protein kinase in cultured cells. Knockdown of PKM2 affected the levels of HIF-1α and Bcl-xL (B-cell lymphoma-extra large), suggesting that PKM2 plays an important role in promoting cell proliferation. In conclusion, the current findings demonstrate that PKM2 is an active protein kinase, and promotes liver cancer cell proliferation by up-regulating HIF-1α and Bcl-xL expression.
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31
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Maney NJ, Reynolds G, Krippner-Heidenreich A, Hilkens CM. Dendritic cell maturation and survival are differentially regulated by TNFR1 and TNFR2. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2014; 193:4914-4923. [PMID: 25288570 PMCID: PMC4896387 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The capacity of dendritic cells (DC) to regulate adaptive immunity is controlled by their maturation state and lifespan. Although TNF is a well-known maturation and survival factor for DC, the role of the two TNFR, TNFR1 and TNFR2, in mediating these effects is poorly understood. By using unique TNF variants that selectively signal through TNFR1 and/or TNFR2, we demonstrate differential functions of TNFR in human monocyte-derived and blood CD1c(+) DC. Activation of TNFR1, but not TNFR2, efficiently induced DC maturation, as defined by enhanced expression of cell surface maturation markers (CD83, CD86, and HLA-DR) as well as enhanced T cell stimulatory capacity. In contrast, both TNFR1 and TNFR2 significantly protected DC against cell death, indicating that innate signals can promote DC survival in the absence of DC maturation. We further show differential activation of NF-κB signaling pathways by the TNFR: TNFR1 activated both the p65 and p52 pathways, whereas TNFR2 triggered p52, but not p65, activation. Accordingly, the p65 NF-κB pathway only played a role in the prosurvival effect of TNFR1. However, cell death protection through both TNFR was mediated through the Bcl-2/Bcl-xL pathway. Taken together, our data show that TNFR1, but not TNFR2, signaling induces DC maturation, whereas DC survival can be mediated independently through both TNFR. These data indicate differential but partly overlapping responses through TNFR1 and TNFR2 in both inflammatory and conventional DC, and they demonstrate that DC maturation and DC survival can be regulated through independent signaling pathways.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptive Immunity
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- B7-2 Antigen/genetics
- B7-2 Antigen/immunology
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Lineage/immunology
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Survival
- Dendritic Cells/cytology
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- HLA-DR Antigens/genetics
- HLA-DR Antigens/immunology
- Humans
- Immunoglobulins/genetics
- Immunoglobulins/immunology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
- Monocytes/cytology
- Monocytes/immunology
- NF-kappa B p52 Subunit/genetics
- NF-kappa B p52 Subunit/immunology
- Primary Cell Culture
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/immunology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/immunology
- Signal Transduction
- Transcription Factor RelA/genetics
- Transcription Factor RelA/immunology
- bcl-X Protein/genetics
- bcl-X Protein/immunology
- CD83 Antigen
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola J. Maney
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Musculoskeletal Research Group, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Gary Reynolds
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Musculoskeletal Research Group, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Anja Krippner-Heidenreich
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Musculoskeletal Research Group, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Catharien M.U. Hilkens
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Musculoskeletal Research Group, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
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32
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Thaker YR, Schneider H, Rudd CE. TCR and CD28 activate the transcription factor NF-κB in T-cells via distinct adaptor signaling complexes. Immunol Lett 2014; 163:113-9. [PMID: 25455592 PMCID: PMC4286576 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
CD28 and TCR receptors use independent pathways to regulate NF-κB activation in T-cells. CD28 mediated NF-κB activation is dependent on the YMN-FM site for GRB-2 adaptor binding. The adaptors ADAP and SKAP1 are dispensable for direct CD28 activation of NF-κB. TCR driven NF-κB activation requires adaptor ADAP expression.
The transcription factor NF-κB is needed for the induction of inflammatory responses in T-cells. Whether its activation by the antigen-receptor and CD28 is mediated by the same or different intracellular signaling pathways has been unclear. Here, using T-cells from various knock-out (Cd28−/−, adap−/−) and knock-in (i.e. Cd28 Y-170F) mice in conjunction with transfected Jurkat T-cells, we show that the TCR and CD28 use distinct pathways to activate NF-κB in T-cells. Anti-CD28 ligation alone activated NF-κB in primary and Jurkat T-cells as measured by NF-κB reporter and EMSA assays. Anti-CD28 also activated NF-κB normally in primary T-cells from adap−/− mice, while anti-CD3 stimulation required the adaptor ADAP. Over-expression of ADAP or its binding partner SKAP1 failed to enhance anti-CD28 activation of NF-κB, while ADAP greatly increased anti-CD3 induced NF-κB activity. By contrast, CD28 activation of NF-κB depended on GRB-2 binding to CD28 as seen in CD28 deficient Jurkat T-cells reconstituted with the CD28 YMN-FM mutant, and in primary T-cells from CD28 Y170F mutant knock-in mice. CD28 associated with GRB-2, and GRB-2 siRNA impaired CD28 NF-κB activation. GRB-2 binding partner and guanine nucleotide exchange factor, VAV1, greatly enhanced anti-CD28 driven activation of NF-κB. Further, unlike in the case of anti-CD28, NF-κB activation by anti-CD3 and its cooperation with ADAP was strictly dependent on LAT expression. Overall, we provide evidence that CD28 and the TCR complex regulate NF-κB via different signaling modules of GRB-2/VAV1 and LAT/ADAP pathways respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youg Raj Thaker
- Cell Signalling Section, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom.
| | - Helga Schneider
- Cell Signalling Section, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher E Rudd
- Cell Signalling Section, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom
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Camperio C, Muscolini M, Volpe E, Di Mitri D, Mechelli R, Buscarinu MC, Ruggieri S, Piccolella E, Salvetti M, Gasperini C, Battistini L, Tuosto L. CD28 ligation in the absence of TCR stimulation up-regulates IL-17A and pro-inflammatory cytokines in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis T lymphocytes. Immunol Lett 2014; 158:134-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2013.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Martínez-Llordella M, Esensten JH, Bailey-Bucktrout SL, Lipsky RH, Marini A, Chen J, Mughal M, Mattson MP, Taub DD, Bluestone JA. CD28-inducible transcription factor DEC1 is required for efficient autoreactive CD4+ T cell response. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 210:1603-19. [PMID: 23878307 PMCID: PMC3727315 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20122387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor DEC1 is induced by CD28 ligation and is required for optimal CD4+ T cell responses and the development of EAE. During the initial hours after activation, CD4+ T cells experience profound changes in gene expression. Co-stimulation via the CD28 receptor is required for efficient activation of naive T cells. However, the transcriptional consequences of CD28 co-stimulation are not completely understood. We performed expression microarray analysis to elucidate the effects of CD28 signals on the transcriptome of activated T cells. We show that the transcription factor DEC1 is highly induced in a CD28-dependent manner upon T cell activation, is involved in essential CD4+ effector T cell functions, and participates in the transcriptional regulation of several T cell activation pathways, including a large group of CD28-regulated genes. Antigen-specific, DEC1-deficient CD4+ T cells have cell-intrinsic defects in survival and proliferation. Furthermore, we found that DEC1 is required for the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis because of its critical role in the production of the proinflammatory cytokines GM-CSF, IFN-γ, and IL-2. Thus, we identify DEC1 as a critical transcriptional mediator in the activation of naive CD4+ T cells that is required for the development of a T cell–mediated autoimmune disease.
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Luo Y, Deng Z, Chen J. Pivotal regulatory network and genes in osteosarcoma. Arch Med Sci 2013; 9:569-75. [PMID: 23847684 PMCID: PMC3701964 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2012.30956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Understanding the transcriptional regulatory networks that map out the coordinated responses of transcription factors and target genes would represent a significant advance in the analysis of osteosarcoma, a common primary bone malignancy. The objective of our study was to interpret the mechanisms of osteosarcoma through the regulation network construction. MATERIAL AND METHODS Using GSE14359 datasets downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus data, we first screened the differentially expressed genes in osteosarcoma. We explored the regulation relationship between transcription factors and target genes using Cytoscape. The underlying molecular mechanisms of these crucial target genes were investigated by Gene Ontology function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis. RESULTS A total of 1836 differentially expressed were identified and 98 regulatory relationships were constructed between 32 transcription factors and their 60 differentially expressed target genes. Furthermore, BCL2-like 1 (BCL2L1), tumor protein p53 (TP53), v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (avian) (RELA), interleukin 6 (IL6), retinoic acid receptor, alpha (RARA), nuclear factor I/C (CCAAT-binding transcription factor) (NFIC), and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein, beta (CEBPB) formed a small pivotal network, in which IL-6 could be regulated by TP53, NFIC, RARA, and CEBPB, but BCL2L1 may be only regulated by TP53 and RELA. These genes had been demonstrated to be involved in osteosarcoma progression via various biological processes and pathways, including regulation of cell apoptosis, proliferation, antigen processing and presentation pathway, and phosphatidylinositol signaling system. CONCLUSIONS In general, we have obtained a regulatory network and several pathways that may play important roles in osteosarcoma, identified several pivotal genes in osteosarcoma, and predicted several potential key genes for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luo
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
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36
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Muscolini M, Camperio C, Capuano C, Caristi S, Piccolella E, Galandrini R, Tuosto L. Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate 5-Kinase α Activation Critically Contributes to CD28-Dependent Signaling Responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:5279-86. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Sharma N, Akhade AS, Qadri A. Sphingosine-1-phosphate suppresses TLR-induced CXCL8 secretion from human T cells. J Leukoc Biol 2013; 93:521-8. [PMID: 23345392 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0712328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells produce a number of cytokines and chemokines upon stimulation with TLR agonists in the presence or absence of TCR signals. Here, we show that secretion of neutrophil chemoattractant CXCL8 from human T cell line Jurkat in response to stimulation with TLR agonists is reduced when cell stimulation is carried out in presence of serum. Serum does not, however, inhibit TCR-activated secretion of CXCL8 nor does it down-regulate TLR-costimulated IL-2 secretion from activated T cells. The molecule that can mimic the ability to bring about suppression in CXCL8 from TLR-activated T cells is serum-borne bioactive lipid, S1P. Serum and S1P-mediated inhibition require intracellular calcium. S1P also suppresses CXCL8 secretion from peripheral blood-derived human T cells activated ex vivo with various TLR ligands. Our findings reveal a previously unrecognized role for S1P in regulating TLR-induced CXCL8 secretion from human T cells.
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Kwon OH, Kang TW, Kim JH, Kim M, Noh SM, Song KS, Yoo HS, Kim WH, Xie Z, Pocalyko D, Kim SY, Kim YS. Pyruvate kinase M2 promotes the growth of gastric cancer cells via regulation of Bcl-xL expression at transcriptional level. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 423:38-44. [PMID: 22627140 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PKM2 is an isoenzyme of the glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase that promotes aerobic glycolysis. Here, we describe an important role for PKM2 in regulating the survival of gastric cancer (GC) cells. We showed that PKM2 was overexpressed in gastric tumor tissues compared to normal tissues and its expression level was associated with poor survival of gastric cancer patients. We also showed that PKM2 affected cell survival by regulating Bcl-xL at the transcriptional level. PKM2 knockdown partially affected the stability of NF-kB subunit p65, suggesting that post-translational regulation of p65 by PKM2 is one of plausible mechanisms for the increased cell growth. Therefore, PKM2 may function as an upstream molecule that regulates p65 function and thus enhances the growth of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oh-Hyung Kwon
- Medical Genomics Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
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Goloudina AR, Mazur SJ, Appella E, Garrido C, Demidov ON. Wip1 sensitizes p53-negative tumors to apoptosis by regulating the Bax/Bcl-xL ratio. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:1883-7. [PMID: 22544321 DOI: 10.4161/cc.19901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Wip1 is a stress-response phosphatase that negatively regulates several tumor suppressors, including p53. In a sizeable fraction of tumors, overexpression or amplification of Wip1 compromises p53 functions; inhibition of Wip1 activity is an attractive strategy for improving treatment of these tumors. However, over half of human tumors contain mutations in the p53 gene or have lost both alleles. Recently, we observed that in cancer cells lacking wild type p53, reduction of Wip1 expression was ineffective, whereas, surprisingly, overexpression of Wip1 increased anticancer drug sensitivity. The increased sensitivity resulted from activation of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis through increased levels of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax and decreased levels of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL. We showed that interaction of Wip1 and the transcription factor RUNX2, specifically through dephosphorylation of RUNX2 phospho-S432, resulted in increased expression of Bax. Interestingly, overexpression of Wip1 increased drug sensitivity only in the p53-negative tumor cells while protecting the wild type p53-containing normal cells from drug-induced collateral injury. Here, we provide evidence that Wip1 overexpression decreases expression of Bcl-xL through negative regulation of NFκB activity. Thus, Wip1 overexpression increases the sensitivity of p53-negative cancer cells to anticancer drugs by separately affecting Bax and Bcl-xL protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia R Goloudina
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 866, University of Burgundy; Dijon, France
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40
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Santarlasci V, Maggi L, Capone M, Querci V, Beltrame L, Cavalieri D, D'Aiuto E, Cimaz R, Nebbioso A, Liotta F, De Palma R, Maggi E, Cosmi L, Romagnani S, Annunziato F. Rarity of human T helper 17 cells is due to retinoic acid orphan receptor-dependent mechanisms that limit their expansion. Immunity 2012; 36:201-14. [PMID: 22326581 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2011.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Revised: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The reason why CD4(+) T helper 17 (Th17) cells, despite their well-known pathogenic role in chronic inflammatory disorders, are very rare in the inflammatory sites remains unclear. We demonstrate that human Th17 cells exhibit low ability to proliferate and to produce the T cell growth factor interleukin-2 (IL-2), in response to combined CD3 and CD28 stimulation. This was due to the upregulated expression of IL-4-induced gene 1 (IL4I1) mRNA, a secreted L-phenylalanine oxidase, which associated with a decrease in CD3ζ chain expression and consequent abnormalities in the molecular pathway that allows IL-2 production and cell proliferation. High IL4I1 mRNA expression was detectable in Th17 cell precursors and was strictly dependent on Th17 cell master gene, the retinoid acid related orphan receptor (RORC). Th17 cells also exhibited RORC-dependent CD28 hyperexpression and the ability to produce IL-17A after CD28 stimulation without CD3 triggering. Our findings suggest that the rarity of human Th17 cells in inflamed tissues results from RORC-dependent mechanisms limiting their expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Santarlasci
- Department of Internal Medicine and DENOTHE Center, University of Florence, 50134 Firenze, Italy
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Bour-Jordan H, Esensten JH, Martinez-Llordella M, Penaranda C, Stumpf M, Bluestone JA. Intrinsic and extrinsic control of peripheral T-cell tolerance by costimulatory molecules of the CD28/ B7 family. Immunol Rev 2011; 241:180-205. [PMID: 21488898 PMCID: PMC3077803 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2011.01011.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Positive and negative costimulation by members of the CD28 family is critical for the development of productive immune responses against foreign pathogens and their proper termination to prevent inflammation-induced tissue damage. In addition, costimulatory signals are critical for the establishment and maintenance of peripheral tolerance. This paradigm has been established in many animal models and has led to the development of immunotherapies targeting costimulation pathways for the treatment of cancer, autoimmune disease, and allograft rejection. During the last decade, the complexity of the biology of costimulatory pathways has greatly increased due to the realization that costimulation does not affect only effector T cells but also influences regulatory T cells and antigen-presenting cells. Thus, costimulation controls T-cell tolerance through both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. In this review, we discuss the influence of costimulation on intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of peripheral tolerance, with emphasis on members of the CD28 family, CD28, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), and programmed death-1 (PD-1), as well as the downstream cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Bour-Jordan
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0400, USA
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42
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Muscolini M, Sajeva A, Caristi S, Tuosto L. A novel association between filamin A and NF-κB inducing kinase couples CD28 to inhibitor of NF-κB kinase α and NF-κB activation. Immunol Lett 2011; 136:203-12. [PMID: 21277899 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2011.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Revised: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CD28 costimulatory molecule plays a critical role in the activation of NF-κB. Indeed, while stimulation of T cells with either professional APCs or anti-TCR plus anti-CD28 antibodies efficiently activates NF-κB, TCR alone fails to do that. Moreover, CD28 stimulation by B7 in the absence of TCR may activate IκB kinase α (IKKα) and a non-canonical NF-κB2-like pathway, in human primary CD4(+) T cells. Despite its functional relevance in NF-κB activation, the molecules connecting autonomous CD28-mediated signals to IKKα and NF-κB activation remain still unknown. In searching for specific upstream activators linking CD28 to the IKKα/NF-κB cascade, we identify a novel constitutive association between filamin A (FLNa) and the NF-κB inducing kinase (NIK), in both Jurkat and human primary T cells. Following CD28 engagement by B7, in the absence of TCR, FLNa-associated NIK is activated and induces IKKα kinase activity. Both proline (P(208)YAP(211)P(212)) and tyrosine residues (Y(206)QPY(209)APP) within the C-terminal proline-rich motif of CD28 are involved in the recruitment of FLNa/NIK complexes to the membrane as well as in the activation of NIK and IKKα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Muscolini
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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43
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Tuosto L. NF-κB family of transcription factors: Biochemical players of CD28 co-stimulation. Immunol Lett 2011; 135:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2010.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Revised: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Soligo M, Camperio C, Caristi S, Scottà C, Del Porto P, Costanzo A, Mantel PY, Schmidt-Weber CB, Piccolella E. CD28 costimulation regulates FOXP3 in a RelA/NF-κB-dependent mechanism. Eur J Immunol 2011; 41:503-13. [PMID: 21268019 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201040712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Revised: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms whereby CD28 alone or associated with TCR can regulate FOXP3 expression are not understood, although the importance of CD28 as a pivotal regulator of CD4(+) CD25(+) FOXP3(+) T cells is well recognized. We previously demonstrated that unique CD28-induced, NF-κB-dependent signals were sufficient to activate FOXP3 transcription in human CD4(+) CD25(-) T cells; however, the exact mechanisms are currently unknown. In this study, we have identified novel κB-binding sites on FOXP3 gene and demonstrated that CD28 signals mediated FOXP3 trans activation by nuclear translocation of RelA/NF-κB and not of c-Rel. The occupancy of FOXP3 κB-binding sites by RelA dimers that correlated with histone acetylation and recruitment of Pol II were required both to initiate FOXP3 transcription and to control the promoter occupancy by NFAT. Interestingly, knockdown of RelA in CD4(+) CD25(-) T cells stimulated through TCR and CD28 significantly affected FOXP3 expression, confirming that also the transcriptional activation of FOXP3 gene by TCR in the presence of CD28-costimulatory signals is RelA-dependent. In conclusion, these data suggest a new mechanism by which FOXP3 is activated and supports the critical role of CD28 in the regulation of peripheral tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Soligo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology C. Darwin, University Sapienza of Rome, Italy
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45
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Riha P, Rudd CE. CD28 co-signaling in the adaptive immune response. SELF NONSELF 2010; 1:231-240. [PMID: 21487479 DOI: 10.4161/self.1.3.12968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
T-cell proliferation and function depends on signals from the antigen-receptor complex (TCR/CD3) and by various co-receptors such as CD28 and CTLA-4. The balance of positive and negative signals determines the outcome of the T-cell response to foreign and self-antigen. CD28 is a prominent co-receptor in naïve and memory T-cell responses. Its blockade has been exploited clinically to dampen T-cell responses to self-antigen. Current evidence shows that CD28 both potentiates TCR signaling and engages a unique array of mediators (PI3K, Grb2, FLNa) in the regulation of aspects of T-cell signaling including the transcription factor NFkB. In this mini-review, we provide an up-to-date overview of our understanding of the signaling mechanisms that underlie CD28 function and its potential application to the modulation of reactivity to autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Riha
- Cell Signaling Section; Department of Pathology; University of Cambridge; Cambridge, UK
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Li G, Wu X, Zhang F, Li X, Sun B, Yu Y, Yin A, Deng L, Yin J, Wang X. Triple expression of B7-1, B7-2 and 4-1BBL enhanced antitumor immune response against mouse H22 hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2010; 137:695-703. [PMID: 20563597 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-010-0905-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Costimulatory signals are essential for T-cell activation and hence play a very important role in antitumor immunity. B7 and 4-1BBL which belongs to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family provide costimulatory interaction for T-cell activation and function. This study investigated the role of B7 and 4-1BBL in the amplification of tumor immunity by transduction of the B7-1, B7-2 and 4-1BBL into mouse hepatocellular carcinoma cell line H22. METHODS The tumorigenicity of H22 variants expressing either B7-1, B7-2 (H22/B7-1/B7-2) or 4-1BBL was compared with an H22 variant expressing B7-1, B7-2 and 4-1BBL (H22/B7-1/B7-2/4-1BBL). The study next investigated whether the combination of B7-1/B7-2 and 4-1BBL cell injection induced cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response and IL-2/IFN-γ secretion. The immune mechanisms underlying this combination treatment were then analyzed. RESULTS Syngeneic BALB/c mice injected with H22/B7-1/B7-2/4-1BBL cells that expressed elevated levels of B7-1, B7-2 and 4-1BBL showed a tumor development frequency of 50% compared with 100% in mice injected with the H22 parental line, H22/neo, H22/B7-1/B7-2 and H22/4-1BBL. Mice inoculated with H22 tumor cells expressing B7-1, B7-2 and 4-1BBL developed a strong cytotoxic T lymphocyte response and long-term immunity against wild-type tumor, suggesting a synergistic effect between the B7 and 4-1BBL costimulatory pathways. Results showed that H22/B7-1/B7-2/4-1BBL tumor vaccines probably protect the infiltrating lymphocytes from apoptosis and induce NF-κB activation to improve T-cell-mediated antitumor response. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the antitumor consequences of using B7-1, B7-2 and 4-1BBL gene transfer have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of gene therapy approach for hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Li
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
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Abstract
CD28 costimulation regulates a wide range of cellular processes, from proliferation and survival to promoting the differentiation of specialized T-cell subsets. Since first being identified over 20 years ago, CD28 has remained a subject of intense study because of its profound consequences on T cell function and its potential for therapeutic manipulation. In this review we highlight the signaling cascades initiated by the major signaling motifs in CD28, focusing on PI-3 kinase-dependent and -independent pathways and how these are linked to specific cellular outcomes. Recent studies using gene targeted knockin mice have clarified the relative importance of these motifs on in vivo immune responses; however, much remains to be elucidated. Understanding the mechanism behind costimulation holds great potential for development of new clinically relevant reagents, a fact beginning to be realized with the advent of drugs that prevent CD28 ligation and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S Boomer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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Engagement of transgenic Ly49A inhibits mouse CD4 cell activation by disrupting T cell receptor, but not CD28, signaling. Cell Immunol 2009; 257:88-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2009.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2008] [Revised: 03/05/2009] [Accepted: 03/06/2009] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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49
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Wong SC, Tan AHM, Lam KP. Functional hierarchy and relative contribution of the CD28/B7 and ICOS/B7-H2 costimulatory pathways to T cell-mediated delayed-type hypersensitivity. Cell Immunol 2009; 256:64-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2009.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2008] [Revised: 01/13/2009] [Accepted: 01/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Scottà C, Soligo M, Camperio C, Piccolella E. FOXP3 induced by CD28/B7 interaction regulates CD25 and anergic phenotype in human CD4+CD25- T lymphocytes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 181:1025-33. [PMID: 18606654 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.2.1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Among the signals necessary to generate CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) T cells from CD4(+)CD25(-)FOXP3(-) T cells, a pivotal role is played by CD28. However, in humans, it is not known whether CD28 signaling independently of TCR promotes forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3) expression and regulates CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) T cell functions. To address this issue, starting from our previous experience, we analyzed the unique signals delivered by CD28 following stimulation by its natural ligand B7. Our results show that, in primary CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells, CD28 signals independent of TCR-mediated stimulatory pathways are sufficient to induce the transcription of FOXP3 in a small number of CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells committed to express FOXP3. These signals are dependent on CD28-derived PI3K/Akt pathways and resistant to cyclosporin A. In addition, we demonstrated that translated FOXP3 was recruited to CD25, Il-2, and Ctla4 target promoters. CD28-mediated FOXP3 expression was transient and correlated with CD25 expression. The presence of FOXP3 in CD28-activated CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells correlated with a transient unresponsiveness to antigenic stimuli. The addition of exogenous IL-2 did not influence either FOXP3 or CD25 expression but rescued CD28-activated T cells from apoptosis. Our results, demonstrating that FOXP3 expression driven solely by the CD28/B7 interaction inhibited T cell activation, support the role of CD28 in the regulation of peripheral tolerance and suggest a new mechanism through which it could occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Scottà
- Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy
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