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Kristensen TN, Schönherz AA, Rohde PD, Sørensen JG, Loeschcke V. Selection for stress tolerance and longevity in Drosophila melanogaster have strong impacts on microbiome profiles. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17789. [PMID: 39090347 PMCID: PMC11294339 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68753-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
There is experimental evidence that microbiomes have a strong influence on a range of host traits. Understanding the basis and importance of symbiosis between host and associated microorganisms is a rapidly developing research field, and we still lack a mechanistic understanding of ecological and genetic pressures affecting host-microbiome associations. Here Drosophila melanogaster lines from a large-scale artificial selection experiment were used to investigate whether the microbiota differ in lines selected for different stress resistance traits and longevity. Following multiple generations of artificial selection all selection regimes and corresponding controls had their microbiomes assessed. The microbiome was interrogated based on 16S rRNA sequencing. We found that the microbiome of flies from the different selection regimes differed markedly from that of the unselected control regime, and microbial diversity was consistently higher in selected relative to control regimes. Several common Drosophila bacterial species showed differentially abundance in the different selection regimes despite flies being exposed to similar environmental conditions for two generations prior to assessment. Our findings provide strong evidence for symbiosis between host and microbiomes but we cannot reveal whether the interactions are adaptive, nor whether they are caused by genetic or ecological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Nygaard Kristensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Anna A Schönherz
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Palle Duun Rohde
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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2
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Kumari A, Choudhary JS, Thakur AK, Banra S, Oraon PK, Kumari K, Sahu SK, Albeshr MF. Substantially altered bacterial diversity associated with developmental stages of litchi stink bug, Tessaratoma javanica (Thunberg) (Hemiptera: Tessaratomidae). Heliyon 2024; 10:e32384. [PMID: 38961890 PMCID: PMC11219338 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The mutualistic symbiotic relationship between insects and bacteria greatly influences the growth and development of host insects. Tessaratoma javanica (Thunberg) (Hemiptera: Tessaratomidae), also referred to as the litchi stink bug, has recently been established as an important insect pest of Litchi chinensis Sonn. and causes substantial yield loss in India. To design effective and environmentally safe management strategies, an understanding of the diversity and functions of microbiota harbored across the development stages is very important. The assessment of the diversity of development-associated bacteria in T. javanica and their predicted functions was conducted using 16S rRNA gene sequences obtained by the Illumina MiSeq technology. The result showed that taxonomic analysis of associated bacteria in different developmental stages includes a total of 46 phyla, encompassing 139 classes, 271 orders, 474 families, and 893 genera of bacteria. All developmental stages of T. javanica shared a total of 42.82 percent of operational taxonomic units (OTUs), with a 97 % similarity threshold. Alpha diversity indices showed maximum species richness in the egg and adult stages. The phyla Proteobacteria followed by Firmicutes, Bacteriodetes, and Actinobacteria, exhibited the highest levels of abundance across all the developmental stages of T. javanica. Microbiota were most different between the egg and the 4th nymphal stage (χ2 = 711.67) and least different between the 2nd and 4th nymphal instars (χ2 = 44.45). The predicted functions of the microbiota associated with T. javanica are mainly involved in amino acid metabolism, cell motility, cellular processes and signaling, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, lipid metabolism, and membrane transport. The present study documentation and information on symbiotic bacteria across T. javanica life stages will prompt the development of novel biological management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Kumari
- University Department of Zoology, Ranchi University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 834008, India
| | - Jaipal Singh Choudhary
- ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Farming System Research Centre for Hill and Plateau Region, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 834010, India
| | - Anand Kumar Thakur
- University Department of Zoology, Ranchi University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 834008, India
| | - Sushmita Banra
- University Department of Zoology, Ranchi University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 834008, India
| | - Priti Kumari Oraon
- University Department of Zoology, Ranchi University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 834008, India
| | - Kanika Kumari
- University Department of Zoology, Ranchi University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 834008, India
| | - Subhash Kumar Sahu
- University Department of Zoology, Ranchi University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 834008, India
| | - Mohammed Fahad Albeshr
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Pignataro E, Pini F, Barbanente A, Arnesano F, Palazzo A, Marsano RM. Flying toward a plastic-free world: Can Drosophila serve as a model organism to develop new strategies of plastic waste management? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169942. [PMID: 38199375 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.169942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The last century was dominated by the widespread use of plastics, both in terms of invention and increased usage. The environmental challenge we currently face is not just about reducing plastic usage but finding new ways to manage plastic waste. Recycling is growing but remains a small part of the solution. There is increasing focus on studying organisms and processes that can break down plastics, offering a modern approach to addressing the environmental crisis. Here, we provide an overview of the organisms associated with plastics biodegradation, and we explore the potential of harnessing and integrating their genetic and biochemical features into a single organism, such as Drosophila melanogaster. The remarkable genetic engineering and microbiota manipulation tools available for this organism suggest that multiple features could be amalgamated and modeled in the fruit fly. We outline feasible genetic engineering and gut microbiome engraftment strategies to develop a new class of plastic-degrading organisms and discuss of both the potential benefits and the limitations of developing such engineered Drosophila melanogaster strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Pignataro
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Francesco Pini
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Barbanente
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Fabio Arnesano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Antonio Palazzo
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - René Massimiliano Marsano
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
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4
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Yakovleva E, Danilova I, Maximova I, Shabaev A, Dmitrieva A, Belov A, Klyukina A, Perfilieva K, Bonch-Osmolovskaya E, Markov A. Salt concentration in substrate modulates the composition of bacterial and yeast microbiomes of Drosophila melanogaster. MICROBIOME RESEARCH REPORTS 2024; 3:19. [PMID: 38846022 PMCID: PMC11153085 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2023.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Aim: Microbiomes influence the physiology and behavior of multicellular organisms and contribute to their adaptation to changing environmental conditions. However, yeast and bacterial microbiota have usually been studied separately; therefore, the interaction between bacterial and yeast communities in the gut of Drosophila melanogaster (D. melanogaster) is often overlooked. In this study, we investigate the correlation between bacterial and yeast communities in the gut of D. melanogaster. Methods: We studied the shifts in the joint microbiome of Drosophila melanogaster, encompassing both yeasts and bacteria, during adaptation to substrate with varying salt concentrations (0%, 2%, 4%, and 7%) using plating for both yeasts and bacteria and NGS-sequencing of variable 16S rRNA gene regions for bacteria. Results: The microbiome of flies and their substrates was gradually altered at moderate NaCl concentrations (2% and 4% compared with the 0% control) and completely transformed at high salt concentrations (7%). The relative abundance of Acetobacter, potentially beneficial to D. melanogaster, decreased as NaCl concentration increased, whereas the relative abundance of the more halotolerant lactobacilli first increased, peaking at 4% NaCl, and then declined dramatically at 7%. At this salinity level, potentially pathogenic bacteria of the genera Leuconostoc and Providencia were dominant. The yeast microbiome of D. melanogaster also undergoes significant changes with an increase in salt concentration in the substrate. The total yeast abundance undergoes nonlinear changes: it is lowest at 0% salt concentration and highest at 2%-4%. At a 7% concentration, the yeast abundance in flies and their substrate is lower than at 2%-4% but significantly higher than at 0%. Conclusions: The abundance and diversity of bacteria that are potentially beneficial to the flies decreased, while the proportion of potential pathogens, Leuconostoc and Providencia, increased with an increase in salt concentration in the substrate. In samples with a relatively high abundance and/or diversity of yeasts, the corresponding indicators for bacteria were often lowered, and vice versa. This may be due to the greater halotolerance of yeasts compared to bacteria and may also indicate antagonism between these groups of microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Yakovleva
- Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Irina Danilova
- Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Irina Maximova
- Faculty of Soil Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander Shabaev
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Anastasia Dmitrieva
- Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Andrey Belov
- Faculty of Soil Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexandra Klyukina
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - Ksenia Perfilieva
- Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Elizaveta Bonch-Osmolovskaya
- Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - Alexander Markov
- Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Borisyak Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
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Gao HH, Zhao S, Wang RJ, Qin DY, Chen P, Zhang AS, Zhuang QY, Zhai YF, Zhou XH. Gut bacterium promotes host fitness in special ecological niche by affecting sugar metabolism in Drosophila suzukii. INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 30:1713-1733. [PMID: 36810869 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As an important fruit pest of global significance, Drosophila suzukii occupies a special ecological niche, with the characteristics of high sugar and low protein contents. This niche differs from those occupied by other fruit-damaging Drosophila species. Gut bacteria substantially impact the physiology and ecology of insects. However, the contribution of gut microbes to the fitness of D. suzukii in their special ecological niche remains unclear. In this study, the effect of Klebsiella oxytoca on the development of D. suzukii was examined at physiological and molecular levels. The results showed that, after the removal of gut microbiota, the survival rate and longevity of axenic D. suzukii decreased significantly. Reintroduction of K. oxytoca to the midgut of D. suzukii advanced the development level of D. suzukii. The differentially expressed genes and metabolites between axenic and K. oxytoca-reintroduced D. suzukii were enriched in the pathways of carbohydrate metabolism. This advancement was achieved through an increased glycolysis rate and the regulation of the transcript level of key genes in the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway. Klebsiella oxytoca is likely to play an important role in increasing host fitness in their high-sugar ecological niche by stimulating the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway. As a protein source, bacteria can also provide direct nutrition for D. suzukii, which depends on the quantity or biomass of K. oxytoca. This result may provide a new target for controlling D. suzukii by inhibiting sugar metabolism through eliminating the effect of K. oxytoca and thus disrupting the balance of gut microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Huan Gao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Jinan, China
| | - Shan Zhao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Rui-Juan Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Dong-Yun Qin
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - An-Sheng Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Qian-Ying Zhuang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yi-Fan Zhai
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xian-Hong Zhou
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
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6
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Huang J, Zhou F, Zhou H, Zheng X, Huo Z, Yang M, Xu Z, Liu R, Wang L, Wang X. Systematic assessment of transcriptomic and metabolic reprogramming by blue light exposure coupled with aging. PNAS NEXUS 2023; 2:pgad390. [PMID: 38059264 PMCID: PMC10697416 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The prevalent use of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has caused revolutionary changes in modern life, but the potential hazards to health of blue light are poorly understood. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent posttranscriptional modification in eukaryotes and can modulate diverse physiological processes by regulating mRNA fate. Here, to understand the effects and molecular mechanisms of daily low-intensity blue light exposure (BLE) and ascertain whether m6A methylation plays a role in BLE-induced phenotypes, we constructed a series of Drosophila models under different durations of daily low-intensity BLE and obtained multiomics profiles. Our results revealed that BLE could induce transcriptomic, m6A epitranscriptomic, and metabolomic reprogramming in Drosophila along with aging process. Importantly, the m6A methylation sites enriched in the 5' untranslated regions (UTRs) of Drosophila transcripts showed strong age specificity and could be altered by BLE. We experimentally validated that aging-related gene Tor and circadian rhythm-related gene per were regulated by 5' UTR-enriched m6A methylation. Overall, our study provides a systematic assessment of m6A RNA methylome reprogramming by BLE and aging in Drosophila model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Huang
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Fan Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Huanchan Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Xiaoqi Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Zhengyi Huo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Zihe Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Runzhou Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Luoluo Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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7
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Depetris-Chauvin A, Galagovsky D, Keesey IW, Hansson BS, Sachse S, Knaden M. Evolution at multiple processing levels underlies odor-guided behavior in the genus Drosophila. Curr Biol 2023; 33:4771-4785.e7. [PMID: 37804828 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Olfaction is a fundamental sense guiding animals to their food. How the olfactory system evolves and influences behavior is still poorly understood. Here, we selected five drosophilid species, including Drosophila melanogaster, inhabiting different ecological niches to compare their olfactory systems at multiple levels. We first identified ecologically relevant natural food odorants from every species and established species-specific odorant preferences. To compare odor coding in sensory neurons, we analyzed the antennal lobe (AL) structure, generated glomerular atlases, and developed GCaMP transgenic lines for all species. Although subsets of glomeruli showed distinct tuning profiles, odorants inducing species-specific preferences were coded generally similarly. Species distantly related or occupying different habitats showed more evident differences in odor coding, and further analysis revealed that changes in olfactory receptor (OR) sequences partially explain these differences. Our results demonstrate that genetic distance in phylogeny and ecological niche occupancy are key determinants in the evolution of ORs, AL structures, odor coding, and behavior. Interestingly, changes in odor coding among species could not be explained by evolutionary changes at a single olfactory processing level but rather are a complex phenomenon based on changes at multiple levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Depetris-Chauvin
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, 07745 Jena, Germany; Research Group Olfactory Coding, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Diego Galagovsky
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ian W Keesey
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Bill S Hansson
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Silke Sachse
- Research Group Olfactory Coding, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Markus Knaden
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, 07745 Jena, Germany.
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Qush A, Al Khatib HA, Rachid H, Al-Tamimi H, Al-Eshaq A, Al-Adwi S, Yassine HM, Kamareddine L. Intake of caffeine containing sugar diet remodels gut microbiota and perturbs Drosophila melanogaster immunity and lifespan. Microbes Infect 2023; 25:105149. [PMID: 37169244 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2023.105149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The diet-microbiome-immunity axis is one among the many arms that draw up the "we are what we intake" proclamation. As such, studies on the effect of food and beverage intake on the gut environment and microbiome and on modulating immunological responses and the host's susceptibility to pathogens are on the rise. A typical accompaniment in different sustenance we consume on daily basis is the trimethylxanthine alkaloid caffeine. Being a chief component in our regular aliment, a better understanding of the effect of caffeine containing food and beverages on our gut-microbiome-immunity axis and henceforth on our health is much needed. In this study, we shed more light on the effect of oral consumption of caffeine supplemented sugar diet on the gut environment, specifically on the gut microbiota, innate immunity and host susceptibility to pathogens using the Drosophila melanogaster model organism. Our findings reveal that the oral intake of a dose-specific caffeine containing sucrose/agarose sugar diet causes a significant alteration within the fly gut milieu demarcated by microbial dysbiosis and an elevation in the production of reactive oxygen species and expression of immune-deficiency (Imd) pathway-dependent antimicrobial peptide genes. The oral intake of caffeine containing sucrose/agarose sugar diet also renders the flies more susceptible to bacterial infection and shortens their lifespan in both infection and non-infection settings. Our findings set forth additional insight into the potentiality of diet to alter the gut milieu and highlight the importance of dietary control on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Qush
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hebah A Al Khatib
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hajar Rachid
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hend Al-Tamimi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Alyaa Al-Eshaq
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shaima Al-Adwi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hadi M Yassine
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Layla Kamareddine
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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9
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Santos J, Matos M, Flatt T, Chelo IM. Microbes are potential key players in the evolution of life histories and aging in Caenorhabditis elegans. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10537. [PMID: 37753311 PMCID: PMC10518755 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbes can have profound effects on host fitness and health and the appearance of late-onset diseases. Host-microbe interactions thus represent a major environmental context for healthy aging of the host and might also mediate trade-offs between life-history traits in the evolution of host senescence. Here, we have used the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to study how host-microbe interactions may modulate the evolution of life histories and aging. We first characterized the effects of two non-pathogenic and one pathogenic Escherichia coli strains, together with the pathogenic Serratia marcescens DB11 strain, on population growth rates and survival of C. elegans from five different genetic backgrounds. We then focused on an outbred C. elegans population, to understand if microbe-specific effects on the reproductive schedule and in traits such as developmental rate and survival were also expressed in the presence of males and standing genetic variation, which could be relevant for the evolution of C. elegans and other nematode species in nature. Our results show that host-microbe interactions have a substantial host-genotype-dependent impact on the reproductive aging and survival of the nematode host. Although both pathogenic bacteria reduced host survival in comparison with benign strains, they differed in how they affected other host traits. Host fertility and population growth rate were affected by S. marcescens DB11 only during early adulthood, whereas this occurred at later ages with the pathogenic E. coli IAI1. In both cases, these effects were largely dependent on the host genotypes. Given such microbe-specific genotypic differences in host life history, we predict that the evolution of reproductive schedules and senescence might be critically contingent on host-microbe interactions in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane Santos
- cE3c – Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability InstituteLisboaPortugal
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de CiênciasUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | - Margarida Matos
- cE3c – Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability InstituteLisboaPortugal
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de CiênciasUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | - Thomas Flatt
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FribourgFribourgSwitzerland
| | - Ivo M. Chelo
- cE3c – Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability InstituteLisboaPortugal
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de CiênciasUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
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10
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Wu W, Lei JN, Mao Q, Tian YZ, Shan HW, Chen JP. Distribution, Vertical Transmission, and Cooperative Mechanisms of Obligate Symbiotic Bacteria in the Leafhopper Maiestas dorsalis (Hemiptera, Cicadellidea). INSECTS 2023; 14:710. [PMID: 37623420 PMCID: PMC10455556 DOI: 10.3390/insects14080710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Many insects rely on ancient symbiotic bacterial associations for essential nutrition. Auchenorrhyncha commonly harbor two obligate symbionts: Sulcia (Bacteroidetes) and a proteobacterial partner that supplies essential amino acids lacking in their plant-sap diets. In this study focusing on Maiestas dorsalis, we investigated the distribution and vertical transmission of two obligate symbiotic bacteria, Sulcia and Nasuia, within the leafhopper. Sulcia primarily inhabits the external region of the bacteriome, while Nasuia is restricted to the internal region. Both symbionts progressively infiltrate the ovary through the epithelial plug, ultimately reaching the developing primary oocyte. Furthermore, co-phylogenetic analysis suggests a close correlation between the evolution of Auchenorrhyncha insects and the presence of their obligate symbiotic bacteria. Genomic analysis further unveiled the extreme genome reduction of the obligate symbiotic bacteria, with Sulcia retaining genes involved in basic cellular processes and limited energy synthesis, while Nasuia exhibited further gene loss in replication, transcription, translation, and energy synthesis. However, both symbionts retained the genes for synthesizing the essential amino acids required by the host insect. Our study highlights the coevolutionary dynamics between Sulcia, proteobacterial partners, and their insect hosts, shedding light on the intricate nutritional interactions and evolutionary adaptations in Auchenorrhyncha insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Jian-Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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11
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Barwell T, Raina S, Page A, MacCharles H, Seroude L. Juvenile and adult expression of polyglutamine expanded huntingtin produce distinct aggregate distributions in Drosophila muscle. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:2656-2668. [PMID: 37369041 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
While Huntington's disease (HD) is widely recognized as a disease affecting the nervous system, much evidence has accumulated to suggest peripheral or non-neuronal tissues are affected as well. Here, we utilize the UAS/GAL4 system to express a pathogenic HD construct in the muscle of the fly and characterize the effects. We observe detrimental phenotypes such as a reduced lifespan, decreased locomotion and accumulation of protein aggregates. Strikingly, depending on the GAL4 driver used to express the construct, we saw different aggregate distributions and severity of phenotypes. These different aggregate distributions were found to be dependent on the expression level and the timing of expression. Hsp70, a well-documented suppressor of polyglutamine aggregates, was found to strongly reduce the accumulation of aggregates in the eye, but in the muscle, it did not prevent the reduction of the lifespan. Therefore, the molecular mechanisms underlying the detrimental effects of aggregates in the muscle are distinct from the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Barwell
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, 116 Barrie St, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Sehaj Raina
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, 116 Barrie St, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Austin Page
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, 116 Barrie St, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Hayley MacCharles
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, 116 Barrie St, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Laurent Seroude
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, 116 Barrie St, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
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12
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Wodrich APK, Scott AW, Giniger E. What do we mean by "aging"? Questions and perspectives revealed by studies in Drosophila. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 213:111839. [PMID: 37354919 PMCID: PMC10330756 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
What is the nature of aging, and how best can we study it? Here, using a series of questions that highlight differing perspectives about the nature of aging, we ask how data from Drosophila melanogaster at the organismal, tissue, cellular, and molecular levels shed light on the complex interactions among the phenotypes associated with aging. Should aging be viewed as an individual's increasing probability of mortality over time or as a progression of physiological states? Are all age-correlated changes in physiology detrimental to vigor or are some compensatory changes that maintain vigor? Why do different age-correlated functions seem to change at different rates in a single individual as it ages? Should aging be considered as a single, integrated process across the scales of biological resolution, from organismal to molecular, or must we consider each level of biological scale as a separate, distinct entity? Viewing aging from these differing perspectives yields distinct but complementary interpretations about the properties and mechanisms of aging and may offer a path through the complexities related to understanding the nature of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P K Wodrich
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States; Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington DC, United States; College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Andrew W Scott
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Edward Giniger
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States.
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13
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Huang Q, Shan HW, Chen JP, Wu W. Diversity and Dynamics of Bacterial Communities in the Digestive and Excretory Systems across the Life Cycle of Leafhopper, Recilia dorsalis. INSECTS 2023; 14:545. [PMID: 37367361 DOI: 10.3390/insects14060545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Recilia dorsalis is a notorious rice pest that harbors numerous symbiotic microorganisms. However, the structure and dynamics of bacterial communities in various tissues of R. dorsalis throughout its life cycle remain unclear. In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze the bacterial communities in the digestive, excretory, and reproductive systems of R. dorsalis at different developmental stages. The results showed that the initial microbiota in R. dorsalis mostly originated from vertical transmission via the ovaries. After the second-instar nymphs, the diversity of bacterial communities in the salivary gland and Malpighian tubules gradually decreased, while the midgut remained stable. Principal coordinate analysis revealed that the structure of bacterial communities in R. dorsalis was primarily influenced by the developmental stage, with minimal variation in bacterial species among different tissues but significant variation in bacterial abundance. Tistrella was the most abundant bacterial genus in most developmental stages, followed by Pantoea. The core bacterial community in R. dorsalis continuously enriched throughout development and contributed primarily to food digestion and nutrient supply. Overall, our study enriches our knowledge of the bacterial community associated with R. dorsalis and provides clues for developing potential biological control technologies against this rice pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyan Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Hong-Wei Shan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jian-Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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14
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Dodge R, Jones EW, Zhu H, Obadia B, Martinez DJ, Wang C, Aranda-Díaz A, Aumiller K, Liu Z, Voltolini M, Brodie EL, Huang KC, Carlson JM, Sivak DA, Spradling AC, Ludington WB. A symbiotic physical niche in Drosophila melanogaster regulates stable association of a multi-species gut microbiota. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1557. [PMID: 36944617 PMCID: PMC10030875 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36942-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut is continuously invaded by diverse bacteria from the diet and the environment, yet microbiome composition is relatively stable over time for host species ranging from mammals to insects, suggesting host-specific factors may selectively maintain key species of bacteria. To investigate host specificity, we used gnotobiotic Drosophila, microbial pulse-chase protocols, and microscopy to investigate the stability of different strains of bacteria in the fly gut. We show that a host-constructed physical niche in the foregut selectively binds bacteria with strain-level specificity, stabilizing their colonization. Primary colonizers saturate the niche and exclude secondary colonizers of the same strain, but initial colonization by Lactobacillus species physically remodels the niche through production of a glycan-rich secretion to favor secondary colonization by unrelated commensals in the Acetobacter genus. Our results provide a mechanistic framework for understanding the establishment and stability of a multi-species intestinal microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Dodge
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Eric W Jones
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Haolong Zhu
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Benjamin Obadia
- Molecular and Cell Biology Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Daniel J Martinez
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Chenhui Wang
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Andrés Aranda-Díaz
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Kevin Aumiller
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Zhexian Liu
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Marco Voltolini
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Eoin L Brodie
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Kerwyn Casey Huang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Jean M Carlson
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - David A Sivak
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Allan C Spradling
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - William B Ludington
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
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15
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Li B, Yin Y, Zhou X, Feng L, Liu Y, Du Z, Tian Y, Zhang L. Effect of allelochemicals sustained-release microspheres on the ingestion, incorporation, and digestion abilities of Daphnia magna Straus. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 124:205-214. [PMID: 36182132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Allelochemicals sustained-release microspheres (ACs-SMs) exhibited great inhibition effect on algae, however, few studies have focused on ACs-SMs toxicity on invertebrate. In this study, the effects of single high-concentration ACs (15 mg/L, SH-ACs), repeated low-concentration ACs (3 × 5 mg/L, RL-ACs) and ACs-SMs containing 15 mg/L ACs exposure on the ingestion, incorporation, and digestion of Daphnia magna Straus (DS) were investigated by stable isotope 15N labeling method. Meanwhile, the diversity and abundance of microflora in DS guts were determined by 16S rRNA genes and cloning methods. The results showed that SH-ACs exposure caused 50% and 33.3% death rates for newborn and adult DS, while RL-ACs exposure caused 10% death rate for newborn DS and no obvious effect on the activity of adult DS. And ACs-SMs exposure did not diminish the motility of both newborn and adult DS, indicating the lower acute toxicity of ACs-SMs. Furthermore, SH-ACs inhibited the ingestion (-6.45%), incorporation (-47.1%) and digestion (-53.8%) abilities of DS and reduced the microbial abundance (-27.7%) in DS guts. Compared with SH-ACs, RL-ACs showed relatively low impact on the ingestion (-3.23%), incorporation (-5.89%) and digestion (-23.9%) abilities of DS. Interestingly, ACs-SMs enhanced the ingestion (+9.68%), incorporation (+52.9%) and digestion (+51.3%) abilities of DS and increased the microbial abundance (+10.7%) in DS guts. Overall ACs and ACs-SMs reduced the diversity of microflora in DS guts. In conclusion, ACs-SMs can release ACs sustainably and prolong the sustained release time, which not only effectively reduce the toxicity of ACs, but also had positive effects on DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benhang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Ecoremediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yijun Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Ecoremediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Ecoremediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Li Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Ecoremediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yongze Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Ecoremediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ziwen Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Ecoremediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yajun Tian
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Liqiu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Ecoremediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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16
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Zhou L, Chen C, Wang X. Gut Bacterial Diversity and Community Structure of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the Welsh Onion-producing Areas of North China. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 115:1102-1114. [PMID: 35765845 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toac103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota play an important role in digestion, development, nutritional metabolism, and detoxification in insects. However, scant information exists on the gut bacterial variation, composition, and community structure of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), and how its gut microbiota has adapted to different geographical environments. Using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology, we detected 3,837,408 high-quality reads and 1,457 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in 47 gut samples of S. exigua collected from ten sites in northern China. Overall, we identified 697 bacterial genera from 30 phyla, among which Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the most dominant phyla. Gut bacterial alpha-diversity metrics revealed significant differences among these populations. We detected the highest alpha bacterial diversity in Xinming, northern Liaoning Province, and the lowest bacterial diversity in Zhangwu, western Liaoning Province. Beta diversity indicated that the gut microbial community structure of S. exigua in Liaoning Province was significantly different from that of other populations. There was a similar microbial community structure among populations in the adjacent province, suggesting that the environment influences bacterial succession in this pest. Finally, PICRUSt analysis demonstrated that microbial functions closely associated with the gut microbiomes mainly included membrane transport, carbohydrate metabolism and replication, and amino acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Zhou
- Institute of Flower, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110161, P.R. China
| | - Chen Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, P.R. China
| | - Xingya Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, P.R. China
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17
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Al KF, Chmiel JA, Stuivenberg GA, Reid G, Burton JP. Long-Duration Space Travel Support Must Consider Wider Influences to Conserve Microbiota Composition and Function. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081163. [PMID: 36013342 PMCID: PMC9409767 DOI: 10.3390/life12081163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The microbiota is important for immune modulation, nutrient acquisition, vitamin production, and other aspects for long-term human health. Isolated model organisms can lose microbial diversity over time and humans are likely the same. Decreasing microbial diversity and the subsequent loss of function may accelerate disease progression on Earth, and to an even greater degree in space. For this reason, maintaining a healthy microbiome during spaceflight has recently garnered consideration. Diet, lifestyle, and consumption of beneficial microbes can shape the microbiota, but the replenishment we attain from environmental exposure to microbes is important too. Probiotics, prebiotics, fermented foods, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and other methods of microbiota modulation currently available may be of benefit for shorter trips, but may not be viable options to overcome the unique challenges faced in long-term space travel. Novel fermented food products with particular impact on gut health, immune modulation, and other space-targeted health outcomes are worthy of exploration. Further consideration of potential microbial replenishment to humans, including from environmental sources to maintain a healthy microbiome, may also be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kait F. Al
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; (K.F.A.); (J.A.C.); (G.A.S.); (G.R.)
| | - John A. Chmiel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; (K.F.A.); (J.A.C.); (G.A.S.); (G.R.)
| | - Gerrit A. Stuivenberg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; (K.F.A.); (J.A.C.); (G.A.S.); (G.R.)
| | - Gregor Reid
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; (K.F.A.); (J.A.C.); (G.A.S.); (G.R.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Jeremy P. Burton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; (K.F.A.); (J.A.C.); (G.A.S.); (G.R.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
- Correspondence:
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18
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Landis GN, Riggan L, Bell HS, Vu W, Wang T, Wang I, Tejawinata FI, Ko S, Tower J. Mifepristone Increases Life Span in Female Drosophila Without Detectable Antibacterial Activity. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:924957. [PMID: 35935727 PMCID: PMC9354577 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.924957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Mifepristone dramatically increases the life span of mated female Drosophila while reducing the expression of innate immune response genes. Previous results indicated that mifepristone also reduced the load of aero-tolerant bacteria in mated females. Experiments were conducted to further investigate the possible role of bacteria in mifepristone life span effects. Life span was assayed in flies grown from sterilized eggs on autoclaved media and in normally cultured controls in two independent assays. Sterilization increased mated female life span (+8.3% and +57%, respectively), and the effect of mifepristone was additive (+53% and +93%, respectively). High-throughput sequencing of 16S sequences revealed that sterilization reduced the abundance of multiple species and the classes Bacteroidia, Bacilli, Actinobacteria, and Cytophagia. By contrast, mifepristone caused no decreases and instead increased the abundance of three species. Five aero-tolerant bacterial species were cultured from extracts of mated female flies, including both Gram-positive and Gram-negative species (Acetobacter sicerae, Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Serratia rubidea, and Paenibacillus glucanolyticus). There was no detectable effect of mifepristone on the growth of these bacteria in vitro, indicating that mifepristone does not have a direct antibiotic effect. To test if antibiotics could mimic the effects of mifepristone in vivo, mated female flies were treated throughout adult life span with high concentrations of the individual antibiotics doxycycline, ampicillin, kanamycin, and streptomycin, in replicate experiments. No significant effect on life span was observed for ampicillin, kanamycin, or streptomycin, and an inconsistent benefit was observed for doxycycline. Finally, supplementation of media with Enterococcus faecalis did not alter adult female life span in the presence or absence of mifepristone. Taken together, the results indicate the life span benefits of mifepristone are not due to an antibiotic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John Tower
- Molecular and Computational Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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19
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Arias-Rojas A, Iatsenko I. The Role of Microbiota in Drosophila melanogaster Aging. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:909509. [PMID: 35821860 PMCID: PMC9261426 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.909509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal microbial communities participate in essential aspects of host biology, including nutrient acquisition, development, immunity, and metabolism. During host aging, dramatic shifts occur in the composition, abundance, and function of the gut microbiota. Although such changes in the microbiota are conserved across species, most studies remain descriptive and at most suggest a correlation between age-related pathology and particular microbes. Therefore, the causal role of the microbiota in host aging has remained a challenging question, in part due to the complexity of the mammalian intestinal microbiota, most of which is not cultivable or genetically amenable. Here, we summarize recent studies in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster that have substantially progressed our understanding at the mechanistic level of how gut microbes can modulate host aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor Iatsenko
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
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20
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Zhang X, Feng H, He J, Liang X, Zhang N, Shao Y, Zhang F, Lu X. The gut commensal bacterium Enterococcus faecalis LX10 contributes to defending against Nosema bombycis infection in Bombyx mori. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:2215-2227. [PMID: 35192238 PMCID: PMC9314687 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microsporidia, a group of obligate intracellular fungal-related parasites, have been used as efficient biocontrol agents for agriculture and forestry pests due to their host specificity and transovarial transmission. They mainly infect insect pests through the intestinal tract, but the interactions between microsporidia and the gut microbiota of the host have not been well demonstrated. RESULTS Based on the microsporidia-Bombyx mori model, we report that the susceptibility of silkworms to exposure to the microsporidium Nosema bombycis was both dose and time dependent. Comparative analyses of the silkworm gut microbiome revealed substantially increased abundance of Enterococcus belonging to Firmicutes after N. bombycis infection. Furthermore, a bacterial strain (LX10) was obtained from the gut of B. mori and identified as Enterococcus faecalis based on 16S rRNA sequence analysis. E. faecalis LX10 reduced the N. bombycis spore germination rate and the infection efficiency in vitro and in vivo, as confirmed by bioassay tests and histopathological analyses. In addition, after simultaneous oral feeding with E. faecalis LX10 and N. bombycis, gene (Akirin, Cecropin A, Mesh, Ssk, DUOX and NOS) expression, hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide levels, and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity showed different degrees of recovery and correction compared with those under N. bombycis infection alone. Finally, the enterococcin LX protein was identified from sterile LX10 fermentation liquid based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. CONCLUSION Altogether, the results revealed that E. faecalis LX10 with anti-N. bombycis activity might play an important role in protecting silkworms from microsporidia. Removal of these specific commensal bacteria with antibiotics and utilization of transgenic symbiotic systems may effectively improve the biocontrol value of microsporidia. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiancui Zhang
- Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, College of Animal SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Huihui Feng
- Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, College of Animal SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jintao He
- Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, College of Animal SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xili Liang
- Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, College of Animal SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Nan Zhang
- Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, College of Animal SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yongqi Shao
- Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, College of Animal SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Fan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life ScienceShandong Normal UniversityJinanChina
| | - Xingmeng Lu
- Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, College of Animal SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
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21
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Beneficial commensal bacteria promote Drosophila growth by down-regulating the expression of peptidoglycan recognition proteins. iScience 2022; 25:104357. [PMID: 35601912 PMCID: PMC9121327 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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22
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Abstract
Inflammatory response in Drosophila to sterile (axenic) injury in embryos and adults has received some attention in recent years, and most concentrate on the events at the injury site. Here we focus on the effect sterile injury has on the hematopoietic organ, the lymph gland, and the circulating blood cells in the larva, the developmental stage at which major events of hematopoiesis are evident. In mammals, injury activates Toll-like receptor/NF-κB signaling in macrophages, which then express and secrete secondary, proinflammatory cytokines. In Drosophila larvae, distal puncture injury of the body wall epidermis causes a rapid activation of Toll and Jun kinase (JNK) signaling throughout the hematopoietic system and the differentiation of a unique blood cell type, the lamellocyte. Furthermore, we find that Toll and JNK signaling are coupled in their activation. Secondary to this Toll/JNK response, a cytokine, Upd3, is induced as a Toll pathway transcriptional target, which then promotes JAK/STAT signaling within the blood cells. Toll and JAK/STAT signaling are required for the emergence of the injury-induced lamellocytes. This is akin to the derivation of specialized macrophages in mammalian systems. Upstream, at the injury site, a Duox- and peroxide-dependent signal causes the activation of the proteases Grass and SPE, needed for the activation of the Toll-ligand Spz, but microbial sensors or the proteases most closely associated with them during septic injury are not involved in the axenic inflammatory response.
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Drosophila Model for Studying Gut Microbiota in Behaviors and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030596. [PMID: 35327401 PMCID: PMC8945323 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence indicates that the gut microbiota is linked to several physiological processes and disease development in mammals; however, the underlying mechanisms remained unexplored mostly due to the complexity of the mammalian gut microbiome. The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, is a valuable animal model for studying host-gut microbiota interactions in translational aspects. The availability of powerful genetic tools and resources in Drosophila allowed the scientists to unravel the mechanisms by which the gut microbes affect fitness, health, and behavior of their hosts. Drosophila models have been extensively used not only to study animal behaviors (i.e., courtship, aggression, sleep, and learning & memory), but also some human related neurodegenerative diseases (i.e., Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease) in the past. This review comprehensively summarizes the current understanding of the gut microbiota of Drosophila and its impact on fly behavior, physiology, and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Lee HY, Lee SH, Min KJ. The Increased Abundance of Commensal Microbes Decreases Drosophila melanogaster Lifespan through an Age-Related Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13020219. [PMID: 35206792 PMCID: PMC8878274 DOI: 10.3390/insects13020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Commensal microbiota live in their host with a symbiotic relationship that affects the host's health and physiology. Many studies showed that microbial load and composition were changed by aging and observed that increasing the abundance and changing the composition of commensal microbes had detrimental effects on host lifespan. We hypothesized that dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota leads to systemic effects in aging flies as a result of the increased intestinal permeability. METHODS We used the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, laboratory strains w1118, as a model system with many advantages for microbe-host studies. RESULTS The incidence of intestinal dysfunction was increased with age, and intestinal dysfunction increased the permeability of the fly intestine to resident microbes. The lifespan of flies with an intestinal barrier dysfunction was increased by removal of the microbes. Interestingly, some bacteria were also found in the hemolymph of flies with intestinal barrier dysfunction. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest the possibility that, as the host ages, there is an increase in intestinal permeability, which leads to an increased intestinal microbial load and a reduction in the host lifespan. Our data therefore indicate a connection between commensal microbes and host lifespan.
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How Gut Microbes Nurture Intestinal Stem Cells: A Drosophila Perspective. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12020169. [PMID: 35208243 PMCID: PMC8878600 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Host-microbiota interactions are key modulators of host physiology and behavior. Accumulating evidence suggests that the complex interplay between microbiota, diet and the intestine controls host health. Great emphasis has been given on how gut microbes have evolved to harvest energy from the diet to control energy balance, host metabolism and fitness. In addition, many metabolites essential for intestinal homeostasis are mainly derived from gut microbiota and can alleviate nutritional imbalances. However, due to the high complexity of the system, the molecular mechanisms that control host-microbiota mutualism, as well as whether and how microbiota affects host intestinal stem cells (ISCs) remain elusive. Drosophila encompasses a low complexity intestinal microbiome and has recently emerged as a system that might uncover evolutionarily conserved mechanisms of microbiota-derived nutrient ISC regulation. Here, we review recent studies using the Drosophila model that directly link microbiota-derived metabolites and ISC function. This research field provides exciting perspectives for putative future treatments of ISC-related diseases based on monitoring and manipulating intestinal microbiota.
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Phenotyping of Drosophila melanogaster—A Nutritional Perspective. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020221. [PMID: 35204721 PMCID: PMC8961528 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The model organism Drosophila melanogaster was increasingly applied in nutrition research in recent years. A range of methods are available for the phenotyping of D. melanogaster, which are outlined in the first part of this review. The methods include determinations of body weight, body composition, food intake, lifespan, locomotor activity, reproductive capacity and stress tolerance. In the second part, the practical application of the phenotyping of flies is demonstrated via a discussion of obese phenotypes in response to high-sugar diet (HSD) and high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. HSD feeding and HFD feeding are dietary interventions that lead to an increase in fat storage and affect carbohydrate-insulin homeostasis, lifespan, locomotor activity, reproductive capacity and stress tolerance. Furthermore, studies regarding the impacts of HSD and HFD on the transcriptome and metabolome of D. melanogaster are important for relating phenotypic changes to underlying molecular mechanisms. Overall, D. melanogaster was demonstrated to be a valuable model organism with which to examine the pathogeneses and underlying molecular mechanisms of common chronic metabolic diseases in a nutritional context.
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Akami M, Tamgue O, Ren X, Wang Y, Qi X, Martin Luther KM, Ngono Ngane RA, Niu CY. Effects of symbiotic population impairment on microbiome composition and longevity of Bactrocera dorsalis. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:211104. [PMID: 34804572 PMCID: PMC8580452 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In order to understand the role of symbionts for their insect hosts, it is customary to treat them with antibiotics or to sterilize eggs (treatments), resulting in aposymbiotic and axenic insects, respectively. Such axenic insects can then be compared with untreated controls. Fruit flies often bear complex communities which are greatly reduced by such treatments. However, the bacterial community is not completely eliminated. Here, we examine the effect of these procedures on the structure of the remaining bacterial communities in Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) and on the insect longevity. The antibiotics (Norfloxacin and Ceftazedime) were administered to 1-day-old adult flies through sugar meal for 7 days, and eggs were surface sterilized and dechorionated to produce axenic lines. The flies were starved of protein before they were offered full diets or diets containing non-essential amino acids only. Antibiotic and egg disinfection treatments resulted in a significant reduction of the vast majority of gut bacterial populations, especially Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. On the other hand, antibiotic allowed the persistence of Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria and Acidobacteria populations. In untreated control flies, longevity was extended irrespective of diet quality in comparison to treated flies. Conversely, when gut bacteria were largely reduced (aposymbiotic and axenic flies), longevity was reduced in the non-essential amino acids diet treatment versus slightly improved in the presence of a protein diet. We discuss these results in an ecological-life-history perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazarin Akami
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, PO Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ousman Tamgue
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, PO Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Xueming Ren
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaohui Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuewei Qi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Rosalie Annie Ngono Ngane
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, PO Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Chang-Ying Niu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
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28
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Nikolouli K, Sassù F, Ntougias S, Stauffer C, Cáceres C, Bourtzis K. Enterobacter sp. AA26 as a Protein Source in the Larval Diet of Drosophila suzukii. INSECTS 2021; 12:923. [PMID: 34680692 PMCID: PMC8539531 DOI: 10.3390/insects12100923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Spotted-Wing Drosophila fly, Drosophila suzukii, is an invasive pest species infesting major agricultural soft fruits. Drosophila suzukii management is currently based on insecticide applications that bear major concerns regarding their efficiency, safety and environmental sustainability. The sterile insect technique (SIT) is an efficient and friendly to the environment pest control method that has been suggested for the D. suzukii population control. Successful SIT applications require mass-rearing of the strain to produce competitive and of high biological quality males that will be sterilized and consequently released in the wild. Recent studies have suggested that insect gut symbionts can be used as a protein source for Ceratitis capitata larval diet and replace the expensive brewer's yeast. In this study, we exploited Enterobacter sp. AA26 as partial and full replacement of inactive brewer's yeast in the D. suzukii larval diet and assessed several fitness parameters. Enterobacter sp. AA26 dry biomass proved to be an inadequate nutritional source in the absence of brewer's yeast and resulted in significant decrease in pupal weight, survival under food and water starvation, fecundity, and adult recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Nikolouli
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, IAEA Laboratories, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria; (F.S.); (C.C.); (K.B.)
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Boku, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Fabiana Sassù
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, IAEA Laboratories, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria; (F.S.); (C.C.); (K.B.)
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Boku, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria;
- Roklinka 224, Dolní Jirčany, 252 44 Psáry, Czech Republic
| | - Spyridon Ntougias
- Laboratory of Wastewater Management and Treatment Technologies, Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Vas. Sofias 12, 67100 Xanthi, Greece;
| | - Christian Stauffer
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Boku, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Carlos Cáceres
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, IAEA Laboratories, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria; (F.S.); (C.C.); (K.B.)
| | - Kostas Bourtzis
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, IAEA Laboratories, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria; (F.S.); (C.C.); (K.B.)
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29
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Horizontal gene transfer-mediated bacterial strain variation affects host fitness in Drosophila. BMC Biol 2021; 19:187. [PMID: 34565363 PMCID: PMC8474910 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01124-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background How microbes affect host fitness and environmental adaptation has become a fundamental research question in evolutionary biology. To better understand the role of microbial genomic variation for host fitness, we tested for associations of bacterial genomic variation and Drosophila melanogaster offspring number in a microbial Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS). Results We performed a microbial GWAS, leveraging strain variation in the genus Gluconobacter, a genus of bacteria that are commonly associated with Drosophila under natural conditions. We pinpoint the thiamine biosynthesis pathway (TBP) as contributing to differences in fitness conferred to the fly host. While an effect of thiamine on fly development has been described, we show that strain variation in TBP between bacterial isolates from wild-caught D. melanogaster contributes to variation in offspring production by the host. By tracing the evolutionary history of TBP genes in Gluconobacter, we find that TBP genes were most likely lost and reacquired by horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Conclusion Our study emphasizes the importance of strain variation and highlights that HGT can add to microbiome flexibility and potentially to host adaptation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-021-01124-y.
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30
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Leech T, McDowall L, Hopkins KP, Sait SM, Harrison XA, Bretman A. Social environment drives sex and age-specific variation in Drosophila melanogaster microbiome composition and predicted function. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:5831-5843. [PMID: 34494339 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Social environments influence multiple traits of individuals including immunity, stress and ageing, often in sex-specific ways. The composition of the microbiome (the assemblage of symbiotic microorganisms within a host) is determined by environmental factors and the host's immune, endocrine and neural systems. The social environment could alter host microbiomes extrinsically by affecting transmission between individuals, probably promoting homogeneity in the microbiome of social partners. Alternatively, intrinsic effects arising from interactions between the microbiome and host physiology (the microbiota-gut-brain axis) could translate social stress into dysbiotic microbiomes, with consequences for host health. We investigated how manipulating social environments during larval and adult life-stages altered the microbiome composition of Drosophila melanogaster fruit flies. We used social contexts that particularly alter the development and lifespan of males, predicting that any intrinsic social effects on the microbiome would therefore be sex-specific. The presence of adult males during the larval stage significantly altered the microbiome of pupae of both sexes. In adults, same-sex grouping increased bacterial diversity in both sexes. Importantly, the microbiome community structure of males was more sensitive to social contact at older ages, an effect partially mitigated by housing focal males with young rather than coaged groups. Functional analyses suggest that these microbiome changes impact ageing and immune responses. This is consistent with the hypothesis that the substantial effects of the social environment on individual health are mediated through intrinsic effects on the microbiome, and provides a model for understanding the mechanistic basis of the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Leech
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Köln, Germany
| | - Laurin McDowall
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Kevin P Hopkins
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK
| | - Steven M Sait
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Xavier A Harrison
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK.,Centre for Ecology & Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - Amanda Bretman
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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31
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Teulière J, Bernard C, Bapteste E. Interspecific interactions that affect ageing: Age-distorters manipulate host ageing to their own evolutionary benefits. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 70:101375. [PMID: 34082078 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Genetic causes for ageing are traditionally investigated within a species. Yet, the lifecycles of many organisms intersect. Additional evolutionary and genetic causes of ageing, external to a focal species/organism, may thus be overlooked. Here, we introduce the phrase and concept of age-distorters and its evidence. Age-distorters carry ageing interfering genes, used to manipulate the biological age of other entities upon which the reproduction of age-distorters relies, e.g. age-distorters bias the reproduction/maintenance trade-offs of cells/organisms for their own evolutionary interests. Candidate age-distorters include viruses, parasites and symbionts, operating through specific, genetically encoded interferences resulting from co-evolution and arms race between manipulative non-kins and manipulable species. This interference results in organismal ageing when age-distorters prompt manipulated organisms to favor their reproduction at the expense of their maintenance, turning these hosts into expanded disposable soma. By relying on reproduction/maintenance trade-offs affecting disposable entities, which are left ageing to the reproductive benefit of other physically connected lineages with conflicting evolutionary interests, the concept of age-distorters expands the logic of the Disposable Soma theory beyond species with fixed germen/soma distinctions. Moreover, acknowledging age-distorters as external sources of mutation accumulation and antagonistic pleiotropic genes expands the scope of the mutation accumulation and of the antagonistic pleiotropy theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Teulière
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
| | - Charles Bernard
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
| | - Eric Bapteste
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris, France.
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32
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Aluja M, Zamora-Briseño JA, Pérez-Brocal V, Altúzar-Molina A, Guillén L, Desgarennes D, Vázquez-Rosas-Landa M, Ibarra-Laclette E, Alonso-Sánchez AG, Moya A. Metagenomic Survey of the Highly Polyphagous Anastrepha ludens Developing in Ancestral and Exotic Hosts Reveals the Lack of a Stable Microbiota in Larvae and the Strong Influence of Metamorphosis on Adult Gut Microbiota. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:685937. [PMID: 34413837 PMCID: PMC8367737 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.685937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the microbiota of a highly polyphagous insect, Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae), developing in six of its hosts, including two ancestral (Casimiroa edulis and C. greggii), three exotic (Mangifera indica cv. Ataulfo, Prunus persica cv. Criollo, and Citrus x aurantium) and one occasional host (Capsicum pubescens cv. Manzano), that is only used when extreme drought conditions limit fruiting by the common hosts. One of the exotic hosts (“criollo” peach) is rife with polyphenols and the occasional host with capsaicinoids exerting high fitness costs on the larvae. We pursued the following questions: (1) How is the microbial composition of the larval food related to the composition of the larval and adult microbiota, and what does this tell us about transience and stability of this species’ gut microbiota? (2) How does metamorphosis affect the adult microbiota? We surveyed the microbiota of the pulp of each host fruit, as well as the gut microbiota of larvae and adult flies and found that the gut of A. ludens larvae lacks a stable microbiota, since it was invariably associated with the composition of the pulp microbiota of the host plant species studied and was also different from the microbiota of adult flies indicating that metamorphosis filters out much of the microbiota present in larvae. The microbiota of adult males and females was similar between them, independent of host plant and was dominated by bacteria within the Enterobacteriaceae. We found that in the case of the “toxic” occasional host C. pubescens the microbiota is enriched in potentially deleterious genera that were much less abundant in the other hosts. In contrast, the pulp of the ancestral host C. edulis is enriched in several bacterial groups that can be beneficial for larval development. We also report for the first time the presence of bacteria within the Arcobacteraceae family in the gut microbiota of A. ludens stemming from C. edulis. Based on our findings, we conclude that changes in the food-associated microbiota dictate major changes in the larval microbiota, suggesting that most larval gut microbiota is originated from the food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín Aluja
- Red de Manejo Biorracional de Plagas y Vectores, Instituto de Ecología, AC-INECOL, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic®, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Jesús Alejandro Zamora-Briseño
- Red de Manejo Biorracional de Plagas y Vectores, Instituto de Ecología, AC-INECOL, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic®, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Vicente Pérez-Brocal
- Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Alma Altúzar-Molina
- Red de Manejo Biorracional de Plagas y Vectores, Instituto de Ecología, AC-INECOL, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic®, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Larissa Guillén
- Red de Manejo Biorracional de Plagas y Vectores, Instituto de Ecología, AC-INECOL, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic®, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Damaris Desgarennes
- Red de Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Instituto de Ecología, AC-INECOL, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic®, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Mirna Vázquez-Rosas-Landa
- Red de Manejo Biorracional de Plagas y Vectores, Instituto de Ecología, AC-INECOL, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic®, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Enrique Ibarra-Laclette
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología, AC-INECOL, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic®, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Alexandro G Alonso-Sánchez
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología, AC-INECOL, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic®, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Andrés Moya
- Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain.,Instituto de Biología Integrativa de Sistemas (I2Sysbio), Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain
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33
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Kong Y, Wang L, Jiang B. The Role of Gut Microbiota in Aging and Aging Related Neurodegenerative Disorders: Insights from Drosophila Model. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11080855. [PMID: 34440599 PMCID: PMC8399269 DOI: 10.3390/life11080855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a time dependent impairment of physiological function and increased susceptibility to death. It is the major risk factor for neurodegeneration. Neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the main causes of dementia in the old population. Gut microbiota is a community of microorganisms colonized in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The alteration of gut microbiota has been proved to be associated with aging and aging related neurodegeneration. Drosophila is a powerful tool to study microbiota-mediated physiological and pathological functions. Here, we summarize the recent advances using Drosophila as model organisms to clarify the molecular mechanisms and develop a therapeutic method targeting microbiota in aging and aging-related neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Kong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China;
- Correspondence:
| | - Liyuan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China;
| | - Baichun Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China;
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34
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Schissel M, Best R, Liesemeyer S, Tan YD, Carlson DJ, Shaffer JJ, Avuthu N, Guda C, Carlson KA. Effect of Nora virus infection on native gut bacterial communities of Drosophila melanogaster. AIMS Microbiol 2021; 7:216-237. [PMID: 34250376 PMCID: PMC8255909 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2021014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal microflora is a key component in the maintenance of health and longevity across many species. In humans and mice, nonpathogenic viruses present in the gastrointestinal tract enhance the effects of the native bacterial microbiota. However, it is unclear whether nonpathogenic gastrointestinal viruses, such as Nora virus that infects Drosophila melanogaster, lead to similar observations. Longevity analysis of Nora virus infected (NV+) and uninfected (NV-) D. melanogaster in relationship to presence (B+) or absence (B-) of the native gut bacteria using four different treatment groups, NV+/B+, NV+/B-, NV-/B+, and NV-/B-, was conducted. Data from the longevity results were tested via Kaplan-Meier analysis and demonstrated that Nora virus can be detrimental to the longevity of the organism, whereas bacterial presence is beneficial. These data led to the hypothesis that gastrointestinal bacterial composition varies from NV+ to NV- flies. To test this, NV+ and NV- virgin female flies were collected and aged for 4 days. Surface sterilization followed by dissections of the fat body and the gastrointestinal tract, divided into crop (foregut), midgut, and hindgut, were performed. Ribosomal 16S DNA samples were sequenced to determine the bacterial communities that comprise the microflora in the gastrointestinal tract of NV+ and NV- D. melanogaster. When analyzing operational taxonomic units (OTUs), the data demonstrate that the NV+ samples consist of more OTUs than NV- samples. The NV+ samples were both more rich and diverse in OTUs compared to NV-. When comparing whole body samples to specific organs and organ sections, the whole fly was more diverse in OTUs, whereas the crop was the most rich. These novel data are pertinent in describing where Nora virus infection may be occurring within the gastrointestinal tract, as well as continuing discussion between the relationship of persistent viral and bacterial interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makayla Schissel
- Biology Department, University of Nebraska at Kearney, 2401 11 Ave, Kearney, NE 68849, USA
| | - Rebecca Best
- Biology Department, University of Nebraska at Kearney, 2401 11 Ave, Kearney, NE 68849, USA
| | - Shelby Liesemeyer
- Biology Department, University of Nebraska at Kearney, 2401 11 Ave, Kearney, NE 68849, USA
| | - Yuan-De Tan
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985805 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5805, USA
| | - Darby J. Carlson
- Biology Department, University of Nebraska at Kearney, 2401 11 Ave, Kearney, NE 68849, USA
| | - Julie J. Shaffer
- Biology Department, University of Nebraska at Kearney, 2401 11 Ave, Kearney, NE 68849, USA
| | - Nagavardhini Avuthu
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985805 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5805, USA
| | - Chittibabu Guda
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985805 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5805, USA
| | - Kimberly A. Carlson
- Biology Department, University of Nebraska at Kearney, 2401 11 Ave, Kearney, NE 68849, USA
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35
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Common features of aging fail to occur in Drosophila raised without a bacterial microbiome. iScience 2021; 24:102703. [PMID: 34235409 PMCID: PMC8246586 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lifespan is limited both by intrinsic decline in vigor with age and by accumulation of external insults. There exists a general picture of the deficits of aging, one that is reflected in a pattern of age-correlated changes in gene expression conserved across species. Here, however, by comparing gene expression profiling of Drosophila raised either conventionally, or free of bacteria, we show that ∼70% of these conserved, age-associated changes in gene expression fail to occur in germ-free flies. Among the processes that fail to show time-dependent change under germ-free conditions are two aging features that are observed across phylogeny, declining expression of stress response genes and increasing expression of innate immune genes. These comprise adaptive strategies the organism uses to respond to bacteria, rather than being inevitable components of age-dependent decline. Changes in other processes are independent of the microbiome and can serve as autonomous markers of aging of the individual.
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Cansado-Utrilla C, Zhao SY, McCall PJ, Coon KL, Hughes GL. The microbiome and mosquito vectorial capacity: rich potential for discovery and translation. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:111. [PMID: 34006334 PMCID: PMC8132434 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01073-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Microbiome research has gained considerable interest due to the emerging evidence of its impact on human and animal health. As in other animals, the gut-associated microbiota of mosquitoes affect host fitness and other phenotypes. It is now well established that microbes can alter pathogen transmission in mosquitoes, either positively or negatively, and avenues are being explored to exploit microbes for vector control. However, less attention has been paid to how microbiota affect phenotypes that impact vectorial capacity. Several mosquito and pathogen components, such as vector density, biting rate, survival, vector competence, and the pathogen extrinsic incubation period all influence pathogen transmission. Recent studies also indicate that mosquito gut-associated microbes can impact each of these components, and therefore ultimately modulate vectorial capacity. Promisingly, this expands the options available to exploit microbes for vector control by also targeting parameters that affect vectorial capacity. However, there are still many knowledge gaps regarding mosquito-microbe interactions that need to be addressed in order to exploit them efficiently. Here, we review current evidence of impacts of the microbiome on aspects of vectorial capacity, and we highlight likely opportunities for novel vector control strategies and areas where further studies are required. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia Cansado-Utrilla
- Departments of Vector Biology and Tropical Disease Biology, Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Serena Y Zhao
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Philip J McCall
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kerri L Coon
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Grant L Hughes
- Departments of Vector Biology and Tropical Disease Biology, Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.
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Dmitrieva AS, Maksimova IA, Kachalkin AV, Markov AV. Age-Related Changes in the Yeast Component of the Drosophila melanogaster Microbiome. Microbiology (Reading) 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261721020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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38
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Silva V, Palacios-Muñoz A, Okray Z, Adair KL, Waddell S, Douglas AE, Ewer J. The impact of the gut microbiome on memory and sleep in Drosophila. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:jeb233619. [PMID: 33376141 PMCID: PMC7875489 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.233619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiome has been proposed to influence diverse behavioral traits of animals, although the experimental evidence is limited and often contradictory. Here, we made use of the tractability of Drosophila melanogaster for both behavioral analyses and microbiome studies to test how elimination of microorganisms affects a number of behavioral traits. Relative to conventional flies (i.e. with unaltered microbiome), microbiologically sterile (axenic) flies displayed a moderate reduction in memory performance in olfactory appetitive conditioning and courtship assays. The microbiological status of the flies had a small or no effect on anxiety-like behavior (centrophobism) or circadian rhythmicity of locomotor activity, but axenic flies tended to sleep for longer and displayed reduced sleep rebound after sleep deprivation. These last two effects were robust for most tests conducted on both wild-type Canton S and w1118 strains, as well for tests using an isogenized panel of flies with mutations in the period gene, which causes altered circadian rhythmicity. Interestingly, the effect of absence of microbiota on a few behavioral features, most notably instantaneous locomotor activity speed, varied among wild-type strains. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the microbiome can have subtle but significant effects on specific aspects of Drosophila behavior, some of which are dependent on genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Silva
- Instituto de Neurociencias, and Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Angelina Palacios-Muñoz
- Instituto de Neurociencias, and Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Interoperativo en Ciencias Odontológicas y Médicas, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360004, Chile
| | - Zeynep Okray
- Centre for Neural Circuits & Behaviour, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Karen L Adair
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Scott Waddell
- Centre for Neural Circuits & Behaviour, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Angela E Douglas
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - John Ewer
- Instituto de Neurociencias, and Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
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Systemic Regulation of Host Energy and Oogenesis by Microbiome-Derived Mitochondrial Coenzymes. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108583. [PMID: 33406416 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota have been shown to promote oogenesis and fecundity, but the mechanistic basis of remote influence on oogenesis remained unknown. Here, we report a systemic mechanism of influence mediated by bacterial-derived supply of mitochondrial coenzymes. Removal of microbiota decreased mitochondrial activity and ATP levels in the whole-body and ovary, resulting in repressed oogenesis. Similar repression was caused by RNA-based knockdown of mitochondrial function in ovarian follicle cells. Reduced mitochondrial function in germ-free (GF) females was reversed by bacterial recolonization or supplementation of riboflavin, a precursor of FAD and FMN. Metabolomics analysis of GF females revealed a decrease in oxidative phosphorylation and FAD levels and an increase in metabolites that are degraded by FAD-dependent enzymes (e.g., amino and fatty acids). Riboflavin supplementation opposed this effect, elevating mitochondrial function, ATP, and oogenesis. These findings uncover a bacterial-mitochondrial axis of influence, linking gut bacteria with systemic regulation of host energy and reproduction.
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40
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Li YH, Huang YF, Chen TH, Wu SS, Tang HC, Hsiao CY, Huang LC, Chang JC, Chiu KP, Nai YS. Comparison of gut microbiota of healthy and diseased walking sticks, Phasmotaenia lanyuhensis. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 105:e21749. [PMID: 33075172 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Research on gut microbiota of phytophagous insects has shown to be important for the physiological functions of insect hosts; however, little is known about the changes in gut microbiota when they are suffering from environmental stress or pathogen infections. During rearing of Phasmotaenia lanyuhensis (Phasmatodea: Phasmatidae), sluggish locomotion was usually followed by the death of the insect with a symptom of melanization in the front part of the abdomen. Therefore, the abnormal individuals were initially classified into moribund, light- and serious-symptom based on the level of abnormal physiological circumstances and melanization. The gut microbiota of these samples were further investigated by 16S metagenomic sequencing and the differences in bacterial abundance and structure of bacterial community were analyzed. A decrease in microbiota diversity was observed in the diseased P. lanyuhensis, with the abundance of phyla Proteobacteria and Firmicute relatively higher compared to those without symptom. Interestingly, principal component analysis based on the bacterial richness was correlated to the level of melanization symptom in the diseased P. lanyuhensis, suggested the change in bacterial microbiota involved in this abnormal circumstance. However, the factor that caused the initial alternation of microbiota remains to be identified. Additionally, the lack of bacterial diversity (i.e., absence of Meiothermus and Nubsella spp.) in P. lanyuhensis might reduce the fitness for surviving. This report provided the comprehensive microbiota analysis for P. lanyuhensis and concluded that either the relative abundance or the bacterial diversity of microbiota in the insect digestive system may influence the physiological functions of phytophagous insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsuan Li
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Feng Huang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Han Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Shan Wu
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chieh Tang
- Conservation and Research Center, Taipei Zoo, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Hsiao
- Conservation and Research Center, Taipei Zoo, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lung-Chun Huang
- Conservation and Research Center, Taipei Zoo, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Chun Chang
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Ping Chiu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shin Nai
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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41
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Henry Y, Tarapacki P, Colinet H. Larval density affects phenotype and surrounding bacterial community without altering gut microbiota in Drosophila melanogaster. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 96:5813260. [PMID: 32221589 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Larval crowding represents a complex stressful situation arising from inter-individual competition for time- and space-limited resources. The foraging of a large number of individuals may alter the chemical and bacterial composition of food and in turn affect individual's traits. Here we used Drosophila melanogaster to explore these assumptions. First, we used a wide larval density gradient to investigate the impact of crowding on phenotypical traits. We confirmed that high densities increased development time and pupation height, and decreased viability and body mass. Next, we measured concentrations of common metabolic wastes (ammonia, uric acid) and characterized bacterial communities, both in food and in larvae, for three contrasting larval densities (low, medium and high). Ammonia concentration increased in food from medium and high larval densities, but remained low in larvae regardless of the larval density. Uric acid did not accumulate in food but was detected in larvae. Surprisingly, bacterial composition remained stable in guts of larvae whatever their rearing density, although it drastically changed in the food. Overall, these results indicate that crowding deeply affects individuals, and also their abiotic and biotic surroundings. Environmental bacterial communities likely adapt to altered nutritional situations resulting from crowding, putatively acting as scavengers of larval metabolic wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Henry
- ECOBIO - UMR 6553, Univ Rennes 1, CNRS, Rennes, France.,Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - P Tarapacki
- ECOBIO - UMR 6553, Univ Rennes 1, CNRS, Rennes, France
| | - H Colinet
- ECOBIO - UMR 6553, Univ Rennes 1, CNRS, Rennes, France
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Kamareddine L, Najjar H, Sohail MU, Abdulkader H, Al-Asmakh M. The Microbiota and Gut-Related Disorders: Insights from Animal Models. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112401. [PMID: 33147801 PMCID: PMC7693214 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the scientific committee has called for broadening our horizons in understanding host–microbe interactions and infectious disease progression. Owing to the fact that the human gut harbors trillions of microbes that exhibit various roles including the production of vitamins, absorption of nutrients, pathogen displacement, and development of the host immune system, particular attention has been given to the use of germ-free (GF) animal models in unraveling the effect of the gut microbiota on the physiology and pathophysiology of the host. In this review, we discuss common methods used to generate GF fruit fly, zebrafish, and mice model systems and highlight the use of these GF model organisms in addressing the role of gut-microbiota in gut-related disorders (metabolic diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, and cancer), and in activating host defense mechanisms and amending pathogenic virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Kamareddine
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar; (L.K.); (H.N.); (M.U.S.); (H.A.)
| | - Hoda Najjar
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar; (L.K.); (H.N.); (M.U.S.); (H.A.)
| | - Muhammad Umar Sohail
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar; (L.K.); (H.N.); (M.U.S.); (H.A.)
- Biomedical Research Center, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar
| | - Hadil Abdulkader
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar; (L.K.); (H.N.); (M.U.S.); (H.A.)
| | - Maha Al-Asmakh
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar; (L.K.); (H.N.); (M.U.S.); (H.A.)
- Biomedical Research Center, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +974-4403-4789
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43
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Grenier T, Leulier F. How commensal microbes shape the physiology of Drosophila melanogaster. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2020; 41:92-99. [PMID: 32836177 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The interactions between animals and their commensal microbes profoundly influence the host's physiology. In the last decade, Drosophila melanogaster has been extensively used as a model to study host-commensal microbes interactions. Here, we review the most recent advances in this field. We focus on studies that extend our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of commensal microbes on Drosophila's development and lifespan. We emphasize how commensal microbes influence nutrition and the intestinal epithelium homeostasis; how they elicit immune tolerance mechanisms and how these physiological processes are interconnected. Finally, we discuss the importance of diets and microbial strains and show how they can be confounding factors of microbe mediated host phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore Grenier
- Univ Lyon, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5242, 46, allée d'Italie, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - François Leulier
- Univ Lyon, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5242, 46, allée d'Italie, 69007, Lyon, France.
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Laomongkholchaisri P, Teanpaisan R, Wonglapsuwan M, Piwat S. Impact of Potential Probiotic Lactobacillus Strains on Host Growth and Development in a Drosophila melanogaster Model. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2020; 13:390-397. [PMID: 32875521 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09705-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus paracasei SD1, Lactobacillus rhamnosus SD11, and Lactobacillus gasseri SD12 were proposed as potential probiotics for oral health. However, the effects of them on host physiology are still unknown. This study aimed to select strains that can promote host growth and development in monocolonized Drosophila model compared with axenic and the commercial Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG-treated flies. The morphogenesis and growth of axenic Drosophila melanogaster were assessed from embryo to adult stage when provided with each probiotic strain-supplemented food. The colonization and persistence of probiotic in fly gut were also evaluated. The results indicated that axenic condition caused the lowest adult weight and emergence rate. All probiotic groups had higher weight than axenic group. Lact. rhamnosus SD11 group presented high adult emergence rate equivalent to Lact. rhamnosus GG group, which is significantly higher than the others. However, Lact. gasseri SD12 group had significantly lower adult weight and emergence rate when compared with Lact. rhamnosus GG group. The gut probiotics levels were rapidly increased within the first day after receiving probiotics. After probiotic cessation, their number in gut decreased and was maintained at low level, except for Lact. gasseri SD12, which completely vanished since day one. In conclusion, Lact. paracasei SD1, Lact. rhamnosus SD11, and Lact. rhamnosus GG can affect morphogenesis and weight of flies when fed since immature stage and have short period gut colonization. The findings of this study could possibly imply comparable health-promoting effects between Lact. paracasei SD1 and Lact. rhamnosus SD11 to commercial strain in Drosophila model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasaraporn Laomongkholchaisri
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Thailand.,Common Oral Diseases and Epidemiology Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Thailand
| | - Rawee Teanpaisan
- Common Oral Diseases and Epidemiology Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Thailand.,Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Thailand
| | - Monwadee Wonglapsuwan
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Thailand
| | - Supatcharin Piwat
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Thailand. .,Common Oral Diseases and Epidemiology Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Thailand.
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45
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Mitochondria, the gut microbiome and ROS. Cell Signal 2020; 75:109737. [PMID: 32810578 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the connections between mitochondria and the gut microbiome provided by reactive oxygen species (ROS). We examine the mitochondrion as an endosymbiotic organelle that is a hub for energy production, signaling, and cell homeostasis. Maintaining a diverse gut microbiome is generally associated with organismal fitness, intestinal health and resistance to environmental stress. In contrast, gut microbiome imbalance, termed dysbiosis, is linked to a reduction in organismal well-being. ROS are essential signaling molecules but can be damaging when present in excess. Increasing ROS levels have been shown to influence human health, homeostasis of gut cells, and the gastrointestinal microbial community's biodiversity. Reciprocally, gut microbes can affect ROS levels, mitochondrial homeostasis, and host health. We propose that mechanistic understanding of the suite of bi-directional interactions between mitochondria and the gut microbiome will facilitate innovative interdisciplinary studies examining evolutionary divergence and provide novel treatments and therapeutics for disease. GLOSS: In this review, we focus on the nexus between mitochondria and the gut microbiome provided by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondria are a cell organelle that is derived from an ancestral alpha-proteobacteria. They generate around 80% of the adenosine triphosphate that an organism needs to function and release a range of signaling molecules essential for cellular homeostasis. The gut microbiome is a suite of microorganisms that are commensal, symbiotic and pathogenic to their host. ROS are one predominant group of essential signaling molecules that can be harmful in excess. We suggest that the mitochondria- microbiome nexus is a frontier of research that has cross-disciplinary benefits in understanding genetic divergence and human well-being.
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46
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Lee HY, Lee SH, Lee JH, Lee WJ, Min KJ. The role of commensal microbes in the lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:4611-4640. [PMID: 31299010 PMCID: PMC6660043 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Commensal microbes have mutualistic relationships with their host and mainly live in the host intestine. There are many studies on the relationships between commensal microbes and host physiology. However, there are inconsistent results on the effects of commensal microbes on host lifespan. To clarify this controversy, we generated axenic flies by using two controlled methods – bleaching and antibiotic treatment – and investigated the relationship between the commensal microbes and host lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster. The removal of microbes by using bleaching and antibiotic treatments without detrimental effects increased fly lifespan. Furthermore, a strain of flies colonized with a high load of microbiota showed a greater effect on lifespan extension when the microbes were eliminated, suggesting that commensal bacteria abundance may be a critical determinant of host lifespan. Consistent with those observations, microbial flora of aged fly gut significantly decreased axenic fly lifespan via an increase in bacterial load rather than through a change of bacterial composition. Our elaborately controlled experiments showed that the elimination of commensal microbes without detrimental side effects increased fly lifespan, and that bacterial load was a significant determinant of lifespan. Furthermore, our results indicate the presence of a deterministic connection between commensal microbes and host lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Yeon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Shin-Hae Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hyeon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Won-Jae Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Jin Min
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
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47
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Voolstra CR, Ziegler M. Adapting with Microbial Help: Microbiome Flexibility Facilitates Rapid Responses to Environmental Change. Bioessays 2020; 42:e2000004. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maren Ziegler
- Department of Animal Ecology and SystematicsJustus Liebig University Giessen 35392 Germany
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48
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Genetic Influences of the Microbiota on the Life Span of Drosophila melanogaster. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.00305-20. [PMID: 32144104 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00305-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To better understand how associated microorganisms ("microbiota") influence organismal aging, we focused on the model organism Drosophila melanogaster We conducted a metagenome-wide association (MGWA) as a screen to identify bacterial genes associated with variation in the D. melanogaster life span. The results of the MGWA predicted that bacterial cysteine and methionine metabolism genes influence fruit fly longevity. A mutant analysis, in which flies were inoculated with Escherichia coli strains bearing mutations in various methionine cycle genes, confirmed a role for some methionine cycle genes in extending or shortening fruit fly life span. Initially, we predicted these genes might influence longevity by mimicking or opposing methionine restriction, an established mechanism for life span extension in fruit flies. However, follow-up transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) and metabolomic experiments were generally inconsistent with this conclusion and instead implicated glucose and vitamin B6 metabolism in these influences. We then tested if bacteria could influence life span through methionine restriction using a different set of bacterial strains. Flies reared with a bacterial strain that ectopically expressed bacterial transsulfuration genes and lowered the methionine content of the fly diet also extended female D. melanogaster life span. Taken together, the microbial influences shown here overlap with established host genetic mechanisms for aging and therefore suggest overlapping roles for host and microbial metabolism genes in organismal aging.IMPORTANCE Associated microorganisms ("microbiota") are intimately connected to the behavior and physiology of their animal hosts, and defining the mechanisms of these interactions is an urgent imperative. This study focuses on how microorganisms influence the life span of a model host, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster First, we performed a screen that suggested a strong influence of bacterial methionine metabolism on host life span. Follow-up analyses of gene expression and metabolite abundance identified stronger roles for vitamin B6 and glucose than methionine metabolism among the tested mutants, possibly suggesting a more limited role for bacterial methionine metabolism genes in host life span effects. In a parallel set of experiments, we created a distinct bacterial strain that expressed life span-extending methionine metabolism genes and showed that this strain can extend fly life span. Therefore, this work identifies specific bacterial genes that influence host life span, including in ways that are consistent with the expectations of methionine restriction.
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49
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Gold M, Binggeli M, Kurt F, de Wouters T, Reichlin M, Zurbrügg C, Mathys A, Kreuzer M. Novel Experimental Methods for the Investigation of Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) Larvae. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2020; 20:5864145. [PMID: 32593171 PMCID: PMC7320877 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieaa057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale insect rearing for food and feed production can be improved by understanding diet digestion and host-microbe interactions. To examine these processes in black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.; Diptera: Stratiomyidae) larvae, two protocols were developed. Protocol 1 describes a method to produce viable, sterile black soldier fly larvae and a gentle method for diet sterilization. Sterile black soldier fly larvae can be used to study the diverse role of microbes in larval development. Nutrient requirements of sterile black soldier fly larvae are met only through diet. Viable sterile black soldier fly larvae were consistently generated using a four-step treatment with alternating immersions of eggs for 2 min each in ethanol (70%) and sodium hypochlorite (0.6%), over two cycles. A nonthermal method of diet sterilization, namely high-energy electron beam (HEEB) treatment, was introduced. Subsequently, growth of sterile black soldier fly larvae was observed on the HEEB-treated diets (40, 60, and 40% of replicates with poultry feed, liver pie, and an artificial diet, respectively) but not on autoclaved diets. In Protocol 2, we propose a novel method to collect frass from individual larvae. We then measured the metabolites in frass, using high-pressure liquid chromatography. Results on metabolites confirmed the influence of digestion. For instance, succinate increased from 1 to 2 and 7 μmol/g sample from diet to gut homogenate and frass, respectively. The collection method is a promising tool to estimate the diet and nutrient requirements of black soldier fly larvae, thus increasing the performance and reliability of black soldier fly larvae rearing. We discuss in detail the possible applications and limitations of our methods in black soldier fly larvae research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Gold
- ETH Zurich: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Laboratory of Sustainable Food Processing, Zurich, Switzerland
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department Sanitation, Water and Solid Waste for Development (Sandec), Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Binggeli
- ETH Zurich: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Laboratory of Sustainable Food Processing, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Christian Zurbrügg
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department Sanitation, Water and Solid Waste for Development (Sandec), Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Mathys
- ETH Zurich: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Laboratory of Sustainable Food Processing, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Kreuzer
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
- Corresponding author, e-mail:
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Suh YS, Yeom E, Nam JW, Min KJ, Lee J, Yu K. Methionyl-tRNA Synthetase Regulates Lifespan in Drosophila. Mol Cells 2020; 43:304-311. [PMID: 31940717 PMCID: PMC7103878 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2019.0273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MRS) is essential for translation. MRS mutants reduce global translation, which usually increases lifespan in various genetic models. However, we found that MRS inhibited Drosophila reduced lifespan despite of the reduced protein synthesis. Microarray analysis with MRS inhibited Drosophila revealed significant changes in inflammatory and immune response genes. Especially, the expression of anti-microbial peptides (AMPs) genes was reduced. When we measured the expression levels of AMP genes during aging, those were getting increased in the control flies but reduced in MRS inhibition flies agedependently. Interestingly, in the germ-free condition, the maximum lifespan was increased in MRS inhibition flies compared with that of the conventional condition. These findings suggest that the lifespan of MRS inhibition flies is reduced due to the down-regulated AMPs expression in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Seok Suh
- Metabolism and Neurophysiology Research Group, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 344, Korea
- Convergence Research Center of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 079, Korea
| | - Eunbyul Yeom
- Metabolism and Neurophysiology Research Group, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 344, Korea
| | - Jong-Woo Nam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Kyung-Jin Min
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Jeongsoo Lee
- Metabolism and Neurophysiology Research Group, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 344, Korea
- Convergence Research Center of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 079, Korea
| | - Kweon Yu
- Metabolism and Neurophysiology Research Group, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 344, Korea
- Convergence Research Center of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 079, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 3113, Korea
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