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Dong W, Lu J, Li Y, Zeng J, Du X, Yu A, Zhao X, Chi F, Xi Z, Cao S. SIRT1: a novel regulator in colorectal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117176. [PMID: 39059350 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The class-III histone deacetylase SIRT1 is the most extensively investigated sirtuin deacetylase. It is resistant to the broad deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A and depends on oxidized nicotinamide adenine nucleotide (NAD+). SIRT1 plays a crucial role in the tumorigenesis of numerous types of cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Accumulating evidence indicates that SIRT1 is a therapeutic target for CRC; however, the function and underlying mechanism of SIRT1 in CRC still need to be elucidated. Herein, we provide a detailed and updated review to illustrate that SIRT1 regulates many processes that go awry in CRC cells, such as apoptosis, autophagy, proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis, oxidative stress, resistance to chemo-radio therapy, immune evasion, and metabolic reprogramming. Moreover, we closely link our review to the clinical practice of CRC treatment, summarizing the mechanisms and prospects of SIRT1 inhibitors in CRC therapy. SIRT1 inhibitors as monotherapy in CRC or in combination with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immune therapies are comprehensively discussed. From epigenetic regulation to its potential therapeutic effect, we hope to offer novel insights and a comprehensive understanding of SIRT1's role in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110004, China
| | - Jinjing Lu
- Department of Health Management, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110004, China
| | - You Li
- Nursing Department, Liaoning Jinqiu Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China
| | - Juan Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110004, China
| | - Xiaoyun Du
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110004, China
| | - Ao Yu
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110004, China
| | - Xuechan Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110004, China
| | - Feng Chi
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110004, China.
| | - Zhuo Xi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110004, China.
| | - Shuo Cao
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110004, China.
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Parija M, Prakash S, Krishna BM, Dash S, Mishra SK. SIRT1 mediates breast cancer development and tumorigenesis controlled by estrogen-related receptor β. Breast Cancer 2024; 31:440-455. [PMID: 38421553 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-024-01555-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) is a class III histone deacetylase (HDAC) that is NAD + dependent and essential for metabolism, senescence, and cell survival. SIRT1 is overexpressed in several cancers, including breast cancer. SIRT1 is a well-known target gene of the estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha) and is closely related to ER alpha deacetylation. Transcription factor Estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) share sequence homology with ERs in the DNA-binding domain, therefore, the possibility of sharing target genes between them is high. Our current research aims to gain insight into the function of ERRβ in regulating the activity of SIRT1 during the progression of breast cancer. ER-positive (ER + ve) breast cancer cells and tissues had considerably enhanced SIRT1 expression. Six potential ERRE sites were identified by analysis of the 5' upstream region of SIRT1, and both in vitro and in vivo experiments supported their presence. We found SIRT1 to be up-regulated in ERRβ overexpressed ER + ve breast cancer cells. Furthermore, our findings suggested that ectopic production of ERR and PCAF would increase SIRT1 activity. Our findings also indicated that ectopic production of ERRβ and PCAF increased SIRT1 activity. With sufficient evidence demonstrating the substantial involvement of SIRT1 in cell proliferation, migration, and colony formation capability, we were also able to illustrate the tumorigenic role of SIRT1. Overall, our findings highlight SIRT1's tumorigenic influence on breast cancer and suggest that SIRT1 inhibitors might serve as potential therapeutic drugs for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa Parija
- Cancer Biology Lab, Gene Function and Regulation Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Nadankanan Road, Kalinga Hospital Cross, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana (NCR Delhi), 121001, India
| | - Surya Prakash
- Cancer Biology Lab, Gene Function and Regulation Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Nadankanan Road, Kalinga Hospital Cross, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana (NCR Delhi), 121001, India
| | - B Madhu Krishna
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Sanghamitra Dash
- Cancer Biology Lab, Gene Function and Regulation Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Nadankanan Road, Kalinga Hospital Cross, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana (NCR Delhi), 121001, India
| | - Sandip K Mishra
- Cancer Biology Lab, Gene Function and Regulation Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Nadankanan Road, Kalinga Hospital Cross, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India.
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3
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Bostanci E, Kirkik D, Kalkanli Tas S, Uyeturk U. Genetic insights into bladder cancer: the impact of SIRT1 gene polymorphism. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38305254 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2024.2310710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) has shown a significant global health concern with distinct pathological, genetic, and epigenetic characteristics. Its prevalence is influenced by various risk factors, including age, gender, and genetic predisposition. This study investigates the association between BC and the Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) gene polymorphism rs369274325 in the Turkish population. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood samples and genotyping of rs369274325 polymorphism in SIRT 1 was investigated in 200 individuals (in 100 Turkish bladder cancer patients and 100 healthy individuals as the control group.) by real-time PCR. Demographic information, smoking and alcohol consumption status was analyzed by statistical analysis. Statistical analysis was performed by Pearson's Chi-square test. Smoking and alcohol consumption were significantly higher in BC patients compared to controls (p < 0.00018 and p < 0.0001, respectively). The genotypic distribution of SIRT1 rs369274325 did not show a significant difference between BC patients and controls (p = 0.5550). BC, influenced by genetic and environmental factors, has been linked to various gene mutations. SIRT1, involved in diverse physiological processes, is proposed to play a role in BC. However, our study did not find a significant association between SIRT1 rs369274325 polymorphism and BC in the Turkish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Bostanci
- Medicine Faculty, Department of Urology, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Duygu Kirkik
- Hamidiye Medicine Faculty, Department of Medical Biology, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Kalkanli Tas
- Hamidiye Medicine Faculty, Department of Immunology, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ugur Uyeturk
- Medicine Faculty, Department of Urology, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
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4
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McNamar R, Freeman E, Baylor KN, Fakhouri AM, Huang S, Knutson BA, Rothblum LI. PAF49: An RNA Polymerase I subunit essential for rDNA transcription and stabilization of PAF53. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104951. [PMID: 37356716 PMCID: PMC10365956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of genetic and biochemical techniques in yeast has informed our knowledge of transcription in mammalian cells. Such systems have allowed investigators to determine whether a gene was essential and to determine its function in rDNA transcription. However, there are significant differences in the nature of the transcription factors essential for transcription by Pol I in yeast and mammalian cells, and yeast RNA polymerase I contains 14 subunits while mammalian polymerase contains 13 subunits. We previously reported the adaptation of the auxin-dependent degron that enabled a combination of a "genetics-like" approach and biochemistry to study mammalian rDNA transcription. Using this system, we studied the mammalian orthologue of yeast RPA34.5, PAF49, and found that it is essential for rDNA transcription and cell division. The auxin-induced degradation of PAF49 induced nucleolar stress and the accumulation of P53. Interestingly, the auxin-induced degradation of AID-tagged PAF49 led to the degradation of its binding partner, PAF53, but not vice versa. A similar pattern of co-dependent expression was also found when we studied the non-essential, yeast orthologues. An analysis of the domains of PAF49 that are essential for rDNA transcription demonstrated a requirement for both the dimerization domain and an "arm" of PAF49 that interacts with PolR1B. Further, we demonstrate this interaction can be disrupted to inhibit Pol I transcription in normal and cancer cells which leads to the arrest of normal cells and cancer cell death. In summary, we have shown that both PAF53 and PAF49 are necessary for rDNA transcription and cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel McNamar
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Emma Freeman
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kairo N Baylor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Aula M Fakhouri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Sui Huang
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bruce A Knutson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Lawrence I Rothblum
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.
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Imagawa E, Seyama R, Aoi H, Uchiyama Y, Marcarini BG, Furquim I, Honjo RS, Bertola DR, Kim CA, Matsumoto N. Imagawa-Matsumoto syndrome: SUZ12-related overgrowth disorder. Clin Genet 2023; 103:383-391. [PMID: 36645289 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The SUZ12 gene encodes a subunit of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) that is essential for development by silencing the expression of multiple genes. Germline heterozygous variants in SUZ12 have been found in Imagawa-Matsumoto syndrome (IMMAS) characterized by overgrowth and multiple dysmorphic features. Similarly, both EZH2 and EED also encode a subunit of PRC2 each and their pathogenic variants cause Weaver syndrome and Cohen-Gibson syndrome, respectively. Clinical manifestations of these syndromes significantly overlap, although their different prevalence rates have recently been noted: generalized overgrowth, intellectual disability, scoliosis, and excessive loose skin appear to be less prevalent in IMMAS than in the other two syndromes. We could not determine any apparent genotype-phenotype correlation in IMMAS. The phenotype of neurofibromatosis type 1 arising from NF1 deletion was also shown to be modified by the deletion of SUZ12, 560 kb away. This review deepens our understanding of the clinical and genetic characteristics of IMMAS together with other overgrowth syndromes related to PRC2. We also report on a novel IMMAS patient carrying a splicing variant (c.1023+1G>C) in SUZ12. This patient had a milder phenotype than other previously reported IMMAS cases, with no macrocephaly or overgrowth phenotypes, highlighting the clinical variation in IMMAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Imagawa
- Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rie Seyama
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Aoi
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuri Uchiyama
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Rare Disease Genomics, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Bruno Guimaraes Marcarini
- Genetics Unit, Instituto da Crianca, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabel Furquim
- Genetics Unit, Instituto da Crianca, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rachel Sayuri Honjo
- Genetics Unit, Instituto da Crianca, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Debora Romeo Bertola
- Genetics Unit, Instituto da Crianca, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Chong Ae Kim
- Genetics Unit, Instituto da Crianca, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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Li Y, Wu S, Zhao X, Hao S, Li F, Wang Y, Liu B, Zhang D, Wang Y, Zhou H. Key events in cancer: Dysregulation of SREBPs. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1130747. [PMID: 36969840 PMCID: PMC10030587 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1130747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism reprogramming is an important hallmark of tumor progression. Cancer cells require high levels of lipid synthesis and uptake not only to support their continued replication, invasion, metastasis, and survival but also to participate in the formation of biological membranes and signaling molecules. Sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) are core transcription factors that control lipid metabolism and the expression of important genes for lipid synthesis and uptake. A growing number of studies have shown that SREBPs are significantly upregulated in human cancers and serve as intermediaries providing a mechanistic link between lipid metabolism reprogramming and malignancy. Different subcellular localizations, including endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, and nucleus, play an indispensable role in regulating the cleavage maturation and activity of SREBPs. In this review, we focus on the relationship between aberrant regulation of SREBPs activity in three organelles and tumor progression. Because blocking the regulation of lipid synthesis by SREBPs has gradually become an important part of tumor therapy, this review also summarizes and analyzes several current mainstream strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunkuo Li
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shouwang Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shiming Hao
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Faping Li
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuxiong Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Difei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yishu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yishu Wang, Honglan Zhou,
| | - Honglan Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yishu Wang, Honglan Zhou,
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7
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Shirahama Y, Yamamoto K. The E2F6 Transcription Factor is Associated with the Mammalian SUZ12-Containing Polycomb Complex. Kurume Med J 2023; 67:171-183. [PMID: 36464274 DOI: 10.2739/kurumemedj.ms674006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The Polycomb group protein (PcG) SUZ12 forms Polycomb repressive complexes together with histone methyltransferase EZH2. Although the complexes have been demonstrated to be involved in epigenetic maintenance of gene expression in a transcriptional repressive state, it is unclear how they are recruited to the target genes. Here we report that SUZ12 directly interacts with site-specific transcriptional repressor E2F6 and forms a complex together with EZH2. SUZ12 interacts with E2F6 selectively among the E2F family proteins and E2F6- containing SUZ12-EZH2 complex was biochemically purified from HEK293 cells stably expressing Flag-tagged SUZ12. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed the target genes of the E2F6-SUZ12-EZH2 complex. Contrary to expectation, the promoter regions of these genes are not or only weakly tri-methylated at histone H3-K27, and their expression is down-regulated by depletion of EZH2. Given that the transactivation function of SUZ12-EZH2 has been previously reported, the inhibitory effect on E2F6-mediated transcriptional repression by physical interaction can be considered a candidate mechanism of gene activation by these PcGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Shirahama
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Ken Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kurume University School of Medicine
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8
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Huang L, Li F, Ye L, Yu F, Wang C. Epigenetic regulation of embryonic ectoderm development in stem cell differentiation and transformation during ontogenesis. Cell Prolif 2023; 56:e13413. [PMID: 36727213 PMCID: PMC10068960 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic chromatin accessibility regulates stem cell fate determination and tissue homeostasis via controlling gene expression. As a histone-modifying enzyme that predominantly mediates methylation of lysine 27 in histone H3 (H3K27me1/2/3), Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) plays the canonical role in targeting developmental regulators during stem cell differentiation and transformation. Embryonic ectoderm development (EED), the core scaffold subunit of PRC2 and as an H3K27me3-recognizing protein, has been broadly implicated with PRC2 stabilization and allosterically stimulated PRC2. Accumulating evidences from experimental data indicate that EED-associating epigenetic modifications are indispensable for stem cell maintenance and differentiation into specific cell lineages. In this review, we discuss the most updated advances to summarize the structural architecture of EED and its contributions and underlying mechanisms to mediating lineage differentiation of different stem cells during epigenetic modification to expand our understanding of PRC2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feifei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fanyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenglin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Wang G, Xu G, Zhang C, Han A, Zhang G, Chen L, Xie G, Tao F, Shen T, Su P. Gestational bisphenol A exposure advances puberty onset in female offspring: Critical time window identification. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114387. [PMID: 36508816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that the early onset of puberty in female offspring may be caused by maternal prenatal exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) during pregnancy; however, the critical time window of maternal prenatal BPA exposure remains unknown. Here, we identify the critical time window of gestational BPA exposure that induces early onset of puberty in female offspring. Pregnant CD-1 mice were gavaged with BPA (8 mg/kg) daily during the early gestational stage (GD1-GD6), middle gestational stage (GD7-GD12) or late gestational stage (GD13-GD18). We show that maternal BPA exposure during the early and middle gestational stages could advance the vaginal opening time and increase the serum levels of kisspeptin-10 and GnRH in the female offspring at PND 34. Mechanistically, maternal BPA exposure during early and middle gestation could significantly increase CpG island methylation in the Eed gene promoters but reduce the mRNA expression of Eed in the hypothalamus tissues of the female offspring. In conclusion, the critical period of maternal BPA exposure-induced early onset of puberty in female offspring is early and middle gestation; this BPA-induced early onset of puberty might be partly attributed to epigenetic programming of the Eed gene in the hypothalamus. This study provides important insights regarding the relationship and the mechanisms between BPA and offspring pubertal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengfu Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Geng Xu
- Xuzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, No 46 Heping Road, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Azhu Han
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Guobao Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Liru Chen
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Guodie Xie
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Tong Shen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Puyu Su
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
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10
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Heywood HK, Thorpe SD, Jeropoulos RM, Caton PW, Lee DA. Modulation of sirtuins during monolayer chondrocyte culture influences cartilage regeneration upon transfer to a 3D culture environment. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:971932. [PMID: 36561039 PMCID: PMC9763269 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.971932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the role of sirtuins in the regenerative potential of articular chondrocytes. Sirtuins (SIRT1-7) play a key role in regulating cartilage homeostasis. By inhibiting pro-inflammatory pathways responsible for cartilage degradation and promoting the expression of key matrix components, sirtuins have the potential to drive a favourable balance between anabolic and catabolic processes critical to regenerative medicine. When subjected to osmolarity and glucose concentrations representative of the in vivo niche, freshly isolated bovine chondrocytes exhibited increases in SIRT1 but not SIRT3 gene expression. Replicating methods adopted for the in vitro monolayer expansion of chondrocytes for cartilage regenerative therapies, we found that SIRT1 gene expression declined during expansion. Manipulation of sirtuin activity during in vitro expansion by supplementation with the SIRT1-specific activator SRT1720, nicotinamide mononucleotide, or the pan-sirtuin inhibitor nicotinamide, significantly influenced cartilage regeneration in subsequent 3D culture. Tissue mass, cellularity and extracellular matrix content were reduced in response to sirtuin inhibition during expansion, whilst sirtuin activation enhanced these measures of cartilage tissue regeneration. Modulation of sirtuin activity during monolayer expansion influenced H3K27me3, a heterochromatin mark with an important role in development and differentiation. Unexpectedly, treatment of primary chondrocytes with sirtuin activators in 3D culture reduced their matrix synthesis. Thus, modulating sirtuin activity during the in vitro monolayer expansion phase may represent a distinct opportunity to enhance the outcome of cartilage regenerative medicine techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah K. Heywood
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen D. Thorpe
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom,UCD School of Medicine, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland,Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Renos M. Jeropoulos
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul W. Caton
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Lee
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: David A. Lee,
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11
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German B, Ellis L. Polycomb Directed Cell Fate Decisions in Development and Cancer. EPIGENOMES 2022; 6:28. [PMID: 36135315 PMCID: PMC9497807 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes6030028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The polycomb group (PcG) proteins are a subset of transcription regulators highly conserved throughout evolution. Their principal role is to epigenetically modify chromatin landscapes and control the expression of master transcriptional programs to determine cellular identity. The two mayor PcG protein complexes that have been identified in mammals to date are Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) and 2 (PRC2). These protein complexes selectively repress gene expression via the induction of covalent post-translational histone modifications, promoting chromatin structure stabilization. PRC2 catalyzes the histone H3 methylation at lysine 27 (H3K27me1/2/3), inducing heterochromatin structures. This activity is controlled by the formation of a multi-subunit complex, which includes enhancer of zeste (EZH2), embryonic ectoderm development protein (EED), and suppressor of zeste 12 (SUZ12). This review will summarize the latest insights into how PRC2 in mammalian cells regulates transcription to orchestrate the temporal and tissue-specific expression of genes to determine cell identity and cell-fate decisions. We will specifically describe how PRC2 dysregulation in different cell types can promote phenotypic plasticity and/or non-mutational epigenetic reprogramming, inducing the development of highly aggressive epithelial neuroendocrine carcinomas, including prostate, small cell lung, and Merkel cell cancer. With this, EZH2 has emerged as an important actionable therapeutic target in such cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz German
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Leigh Ellis
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Cedars-Sinai Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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12
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Pramanik SD, Kumar Halder A, Mukherjee U, Kumar D, Dey YN, R M. Potential of histone deacetylase inhibitors in the control and regulation of prostate, breast and ovarian cancer. Front Chem 2022; 10:948217. [PMID: 36034650 PMCID: PMC9411967 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.948217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are enzymes that play a role in chromatin remodeling and epigenetics. They belong to a specific category of enzymes that eliminate the acetyl part of the histones’ -N-acetyl lysine, causing the histones to be wrapped compactly around DNA. Numerous biological processes rely on HDACs, including cell proliferation and differentiation, angiogenesis, metastasis, gene regulation, and transcription. Epigenetic changes, specifically increased expression and activity of HDACs, are commonly detected in cancer. As a result, HDACi could be used to develop anticancer drugs. Although preclinical outcomes with HDACs as monotherapy have been promising clinical trials have had mixed results and limited success. In both preclinical and clinical trials, however, combination therapy with different anticancer medicines has proved to have synergistic effects. Furthermore, these combinations improved efficacy, decreased tumor resistance to therapy, and decreased toxicity. In the present review, the detailed modes of action, classification of HDACs, and their correlation with different cancers like prostate, breast, and ovarian cancer were discussed. Further, the different cell signaling pathways and the structure-activity relationship and pharmaco-toxicological properties of the HDACi, and their synergistic effects with other anticancer drugs observed in recent preclinical and clinical studies used in combination therapy were discussed for prostate, breast, and ovarian cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Das Pramanik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, IIT-BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Kumar Halder
- Dr. B.C. Roy College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Ushmita Mukherjee
- Dr. B.C. Roy College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Narayan Institute of Pharmacy, Gopal Narayan Singh University, Sasaram, Bihar, India
| | - Yadu Nandan Dey
- Dr. B.C. Roy College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
- *Correspondence: Yadu Nandan Dey, ; Mogana R,
| | - Mogana R
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI Education SDN.BHD., Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Yadu Nandan Dey, ; Mogana R,
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13
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Natural Bioactive Compounds Targeting Histone Deacetylases in Human Cancers: Recent Updates. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27082568. [PMID: 35458763 PMCID: PMC9027183 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex pathology that causes a large number of deaths worldwide. Several risk factors are involved in tumor transformation, including epigenetic factors. These factors are a set of changes that do not affect the DNA sequence, while modifying the gene’s expression. Histone modification is an essential mark in maintaining cellular memory and, therefore, loss of this mark can lead to tumor transformation. As these epigenetic changes are reversible, the use of molecules that can restore the functions of the enzymes responsible for the changes is therapeutically necessary. Natural molecules, mainly those isolated from medicinal plants, have demonstrated significant inhibitory properties against enzymes related to histone modifications, particularly histone deacetylases (HDACs). Flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolic acids, and alkaloids exert significant inhibitory effects against HDAC and exhibit promising epi-drug properties. This suggests that epi-drugs against HDAC could prevent and treat various human cancers. Accordingly, the present study aimed to evaluate the pharmacodynamic action of different natural compounds extracted from medicinal plants against the enzymatic activity of HDAC.
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14
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Trotman JB, Braceros KCA, Cherney RE, Murvin MM, Calabrese JM. The control of polycomb repressive complexes by long noncoding RNAs. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2021; 12:e1657. [PMID: 33861025 PMCID: PMC8500928 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The polycomb repressive complexes 1 and 2 (PRCs; PRC1 and PRC2) are conserved histone-modifying enzymes that often function cooperatively to repress gene expression. The PRCs are regulated by long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in complex ways. On the one hand, specific lncRNAs cause the PRCs to engage with chromatin and repress gene expression over genomic regions that can span megabases. On the other hand, the PRCs bind RNA with seemingly little sequence specificity, and at least in the case of PRC2, direct RNA-binding has the effect of inhibiting the enzyme. Thus, some RNAs appear to promote PRC activity, while others may inhibit it. The reasons behind this apparent dichotomy are unclear. The most potent PRC-activating lncRNAs associate with chromatin and are predominantly unspliced or harbor unusually long exons. Emerging data imply that these lncRNAs promote PRC activity through internal RNA sequence elements that arise and disappear rapidly in evolutionary time. These sequence elements may function by interacting with common subsets of RNA-binding proteins that recruit or stabilize PRCs on chromatin. This article is categorized under: RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Recognition RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA-Protein Complexes RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Interactions: Functional Implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson B. Trotman
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Keean C. A. Braceros
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Curriculum in Mechanistic, Interdisciplinary Studies of Biological Systems, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rachel E. Cherney
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - McKenzie M. Murvin
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - J. Mauro Calabrese
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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15
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Basukala O, Banks L. The Not-So-Good, the Bad and the Ugly: HPV E5, E6 and E7 Oncoproteins in the Orchestration of Carcinogenesis. Viruses 2021; 13:1892. [PMID: 34696321 PMCID: PMC8541208 DOI: 10.3390/v13101892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with HPV starts with the access of the viral particles to basal cells in the epidermis, potentially via microtraumas to the skin. The basal cells are able to keep away these pathogens in normal circumstances through a robust immune response from the host, as HPV infections are, in general, cleared within 2 to 3 weeks. However, the rare instances of persistent infection and/or in cases where the host immune system is compromised are major risk factors for the development of lesions potentially leading to malignancy. Evolutionarily, obligatory pathogens such as HPVs would not be expected to risk exposing the host to lethal cancer, as this would entail challenging their own life cycle, but infection with these viruses is highly correlated with cancer and malignancy-as in cancer of the cervix, which is almost always associated with these viruses. Despite this key associative cause and the availability of very effective vaccines against these viruses, therapeutic interventions against HPV-induced cancers are still a challenge, indicating the need for focused translational research. In this review, we will consider the key roles that the viral proteins play in driving the host cells to carcinogenesis, mainly focusing on events orchestrated by early proteins E5, E6 and E7-the not-so-good, the bad and the ugly-and discuss and summarize the major events that lead to these viruses mechanistically corrupting cellular homeostasis, giving rise to cancer and malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lawrence Banks
- Tumour Virology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Padriciano 99, I-34149 Trieste, Italy;
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16
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Garcia-Peterson LM, Li X. Trending topics of SIRT1 in tumorigenicity. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1865:129952. [PMID: 34147543 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.129952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carcinogenesis is governed by a series of genetic alterations and epigenetic changes that lead to aberrant patterns in neoplastic cells. Sirtuin-1(SIRT1), an NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase, is capable of deacetylating histones and non-histone substrates that regulate various physiological activities during tumorigenesis. Recent studies have identified the role of SIRT1 in different stages of cancer, including genome instability, tumor initiation, proliferation, metabolism, and therapeutic response. However, the action of SIRT1 has been reported to be both oncogenic and tumor suppressive during carcinogenesis. Consequently, the biological functions of SIRT1 in cancer remain controversial. SCOPE OF REVIEW We highlight the most recent findings on SIRT1 in different stages of tumorigenesis, and update the current status of SIRT1 small molecule modulators in clinical application of cancer treatment. MAJOR CONCLUSION By targeting both tumor suppressors and oncogenic proteins, SIRT1 has a bifunctional role at different stages of tumorigenesis. The impact of SIRT1 on tumorigenesis is also distinct at different stages and is dependent on its dosages. SIRT1 suppresses tumor initiation through its functions in promoting DNA repair, increasing genome stability, and inhibiting inflammation at the pre-cancer stage. However, SIRT1 enhances tumor proliferation, survival, and drug resistance through its roles in anti-apoptosis, pro-tumor metabolism, and anti-inflammation (inhibition of anti-tumor immunity) at the stages of tumor progression, metastasis, and relapse. Consequently, both SIRT1 inhibitors and activators have been explored for cancer treatment. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Better understanding the dose- and stage-dependent roles of SIRT1 in each cancer type can provide new avenues of exploration for therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liz M Garcia-Peterson
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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17
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Viral Manipulation of the Host Epigenome as a Driver of Virus-Induced Oncogenesis. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061179. [PMID: 34070716 PMCID: PMC8227491 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenesis due to viral infection accounts for a high fraction of the total global cancer burden (15–20%) of all human cancers. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms by which viral infection leads to tumor development is extremely important. One of the main mechanisms by which viruses induce host cell proliferation programs is through controlling the host’s epigenetic machinery. In this review, we dissect the epigenetic pathways through which oncogenic viruses can integrate their genome into host cell chromosomes and lead to tumor progression. In addition, we highlight the potential use of drugs based on histone modifiers in reducing the global impact of cancer development due to viral infection.
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18
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Sun Z, Wang X, Xu Z. SIRT1 provides new pharmacological targets for polydatin through its role as a metabolic sensor. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111549. [PMID: 33901876 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The SIRT family of proteins constitutes highly conserved deacetylases with diverse and extensive functions. These proteins have specific biological functions, including regulation of transcription, cell cycle, cell differentiation, apoptosis, stress, metabolism, and genomic stability. Polydatin is a monocrystalline compound isolated from a Chinese herb, Polygonum cuspidatum. The pharmacological mechanisms of polydatin are mostly unclear but involve members of the SIRT protein family, among which SIRT1 plays a vital role. Polydatin is usually considered a potential SIRT1 activator. This review summarizes the signaling mechanism of polydatin involving SIRT1 and discusses the roles of related signal molecules such as PGC-1α, Nrf2, p38-MAPK, NLPR3 inflammasome, and p53. Further, we describe the metabolic regulation of related biological macromolecules and demonstrate that SIRT1, as a metabolic sensor, may act as a new pharmacological target for polydatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Sun
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Artificial Osteo-Materials, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiyang Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Artificial Osteo-Materials, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhenchao Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Artificial Osteo-Materials, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Leng XY, Fan H. Progress in research of EZH2 in digestive system tumors. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2021; 29:242-247. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v29.i5.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
EZH2 is a key member of the PcG protein family and a subunit of catalytic activity in the PRC2 complex. It has histone methylation transferase activity and plays an important role in epigenetic modification. A large number of studies have shown that it is closely related to the occurrence, development, and prognosis of various digestive system tumors and is highly expressed in tumor tissues, such as gastric cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, and gallbladder cancer. In this paper, we review the biological characteristics of EZH2d , its role in digestive system tumors, and the prospect of targeted therapy for EZH2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yuan Leng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Heng Fan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
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20
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Wright H, Aylwin CF, Toro CA, Ojeda SR, Lomniczi A. Polycomb represses a gene network controlling puberty via modulation of histone demethylase Kdm6b expression. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1996. [PMID: 33479437 PMCID: PMC7819995 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81689-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Female puberty is subject to Polycomb Group (PcG)-dependent transcriptional repression. Kiss1, a puberty-activating gene, is a key target of this silencing mechanism. Using a gain-of-function approach and a systems biology strategy we now show that EED, an essential PcG component, acts in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus to alter the functional organization of a gene network involved in the stimulatory control of puberty. A central node of this network is Kdm6b, which encodes an enzyme that erases the PcG-dependent histone modification H3K27me3. Kiss1 is a first neighbor in the network; genes encoding glutamatergic receptors and potassium channels are second neighbors. By repressing Kdm6b expression, EED increases H3K27me3 abundance at these gene promoters, reducing gene expression throughout a gene network controlling puberty activation. These results indicate that Kdm6b repression is a basic mechanism used by PcG to modulate the biological output of puberty-activating gene networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hollis Wright
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center/OHSU, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Carlos F Aylwin
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center/OHSU, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Carlos A Toro
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center/OHSU, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Sergio R Ojeda
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center/OHSU, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Alejandro Lomniczi
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center/OHSU, Beaverton, OR, USA.
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21
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Liu X. A Structural Perspective on Gene Repression by Polycomb Repressive Complex 2. Subcell Biochem 2020; 96:519-562. [PMID: 33252743 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-58971-4_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) is a major repressive chromatin complex formed by the Polycomb Group (PcG) proteins. PRC2 mediates trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3), a hallmark of gene silencing. PRC2 is a key regulator of development, impacting many fundamental biological processes, like stem cell differentiation in mammals and vernalization in plants. Misregulation of PRC2 function is linked to a variety of human cancers and developmental disorders. In correlation with its diverse roles in development, PRC2 displays a high degree of compositional complexity and plasticity. Structural biology research over the past decade has shed light on the molecular mechanisms of the assembly, catalysis, allosteric activation, autoinhibition, chemical inhibition, dimerization and chromatin targeting of various developmentally regulated PRC2 complexes. In addition to these aspects, structure-function analysis is also discussed in connection with disease data in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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22
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Li G, Tian Y, Zhu WG. The Roles of Histone Deacetylases and Their Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:576946. [PMID: 33117804 PMCID: PMC7552186 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.576946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic mutations and abnormal gene regulation are key mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis. Nucleosomes, which consist of DNA wrapped around histone cores, represent the basic units of chromatin. The fifth amino group (Nε) of histone lysine residues is a common site for post-translational modifications (PTMs), and of these, acetylation is the second most common. Histone acetylation is modulated by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), and is involved in the regulation of gene expression. Over the past two decades, numerous studies characterizing HDACs and HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) have provided novel and exciting insights concerning their underlying biological mechanisms and potential anti-cancer treatments. In this review, we detail the diverse structures of HDACs and their underlying biological functions, including transcriptional regulation, metabolism, angiogenesis, DNA damage response, cell cycle, apoptosis, protein degradation, immunity and other several physiological processes. We also highlight potential avenues to use HDACi as novel, precision cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei-Guo Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
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23
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Nehila T, Ferguson JW, Atit RP. Polycomb Repressive Complex 2: a Dimmer Switch of Gene Regulation in Calvarial Bone Development. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2020; 18:378-387. [PMID: 32748325 PMCID: PMC7467536 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-020-00603-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Epigenetic regulation is a distinct mechanism of gene regulation that functions by modulating chromatin structure and accessibility. Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) is a conserved chromatin regulator that is required in the developing embryo to control the expression of key developmental genes. An emerging feature of PRC2 is that it not only allows for binary ON/OFF states of gene expression but can also modulate gene expression in feed-forward loops to change the outcome of gene regulatory networks. This striking feature of epigenetic modulation has improved our understanding of musculoskeletal development. RECENT FINDINGS Recent advances in mouse embryos unravel a range of phenotypes that demonstrate the tissue-specific, temporal, and spatial role of PRC2 during organogenesis and cell fate decisions in vivo. Here, we take a detailed view of how PRC2 functions during the development of calvarial bone and skin. Based on the emerging evidence, we propose that PRC2 serves as a "dimmer switch" to modulate gene expression of target genes by altering the expression of activators and inhibitors. This review highlights the findings from contemporary research that allow us to investigate the unique developmental potential of intramembranous calvarial bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Nehila
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - James W Ferguson
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Radhika P Atit
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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24
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Perri AM, Agosti V, Olivo E, Concolino A, Angelis MD, Tammè L, Fiumara CV, Cuda G, Scumaci D. Histone proteomics reveals novel post-translational modifications in breast cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:11722-11755. [PMID: 31816600 PMCID: PMC6932915 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Histones and their variants are subjected to several post-translational modifications (PTMs). Histones PTMs play an important role in the regulation of gene expression and are critical for the development and progression of many types of cancer, including breast cancer. In this study, we used two-dimensional TAU/SDS electrophoresis, coupled with mass spectrometry for a comprehensive profiling of histone PTMs in breast cancer cell lines.Proteomic approach allowed us to identify 85 histone PTMs, seventeen of which are not reported in the UniProt database. Western blot analysis was performed to confirm a peculiar pattern of PTMs in the sporadic and hereditary breast cancer cell lines compared to normal cells. Overlapping mass spectrometry data with western blotting results, we identified, for the first time to our knowledge, a tyrosine phosphorylation on histone H1, which is significantly higher in breast cancer cells. Additionally, by inhibiting specific signaling paths, such as PI3K, PPARγ and FAK pathways, we established a correlation between their regulation and the presence of new histone PTMs. Our results may provide new insight on the possible implication of these modifications in breast cancer and may offer new perspectives for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Mena Perri
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Research Center on Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Salvatore Venuta University Campus, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valter Agosti
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy, CIS for Genomics and Molecular Pathology, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Erika Olivo
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Research Center on Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Salvatore Venuta University Campus, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Concolino
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Research Center on Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Salvatore Venuta University Campus, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - MariaTeresa De Angelis
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Research Center of Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Salvatore Venuta University Campus, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Laura Tammè
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Research Center on Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Salvatore Venuta University Campus, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Claudia Vincenza Fiumara
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Research Center on Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Salvatore Venuta University Campus, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cuda
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Research Center on Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Salvatore Venuta University Campus, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Domenica Scumaci
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Research Center on Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Salvatore Venuta University Campus, Catanzaro, Italy
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Elmallah MIY, Micheau O. Epigenetic Regulation of TRAIL Signaling: Implication for Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11060850. [PMID: 31248188 PMCID: PMC6627638 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main characteristics of carcinogenesis relies on genetic alterations in DNA and epigenetic changes in histone and non-histone proteins. At the chromatin level, gene expression is tightly controlled by DNA methyl transferases, histone acetyltransferases (HATs), histone deacetylases (HDACs), and acetyl-binding proteins. In particular, the expression level and function of several tumor suppressor genes, or oncogenes such as c-Myc, p53 or TRAIL, have been found to be regulated by acetylation. For example, HATs are a group of enzymes, which are responsible for the acetylation of histone proteins, resulting in chromatin relaxation and transcriptional activation, whereas HDACs by deacetylating histones lead to chromatin compaction and the subsequent transcriptional repression of tumor suppressor genes. Direct acetylation of suppressor genes or oncogenes can affect their stability or function. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) have thus been developed as a promising therapeutic target in oncology. While these inhibitors display anticancer properties in preclinical models, and despite the fact that some of them have been approved by the FDA, HDACi still have limited therapeutic efficacy in clinical terms. Nonetheless, combined with a wide range of structurally and functionally diverse chemical compounds or immune therapies, HDACi have been reported to work in synergy to induce tumor regression. In this review, the role of HDACs in cancer etiology and recent advances in the development of HDACi will be presented and put into perspective as potential drugs synergizing with TRAIL's pro-apoptotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed I Y Elmallah
- INSERM, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, F-21079 Dijon, France.
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan 11795 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Olivier Micheau
- INSERM, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, F-21079 Dijon, France.
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Liu J, Meng C, Li C, Tang K, Tang H, Liao J. Deleted in Breast Cancer 1 as a Novel Prognostic Biomarker for Digestive System Cancers: A Meta-Analysis. J Cancer 2019; 10:1633-1641. [PMID: 31205519 PMCID: PMC6548013 DOI: 10.7150/jca.26935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Deleted in Breast Cancer 1 (DBC1/CCAR2) is a regulatory protein involved in cell survival and cancer progression. Herein, we focused on summarizing the overall prognostic value of DBC1 for digestive system cancers. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis based on 9 studies with 2391 patients to generated combined hazard ratios (HR) or odds ratio (OR) with its 95% confidence intervals (CI) for overall survival (OS) and clinicopathological features. Positive DBC1 expression was significantly associated with poor OS of digestive system cancers (pooled HR=1.650, 95% CI=1.087-2.504, P<0.019). Stratified analysis also verified the potential prognostic prediction of DBC1 in some subgroups, such as digestive tract cancers (pooled HR=1.685, 95% CI=1.013-2.802, P=0.044), univariate analysis method (pooled HR=2.077, 95%CI=1.221-3.533, P=0.007), publication date within five years (pooled HR=1.609, 95%CI=1.097-2.358, P =0.015), study sample size smaller than 200 (pooled HR=2.304, 95%CI=1.716-3.093, P<0.001) and cutoff value for positive tumor cells more than 50% (pooled HR=1.944, 95% CI=1.479-2.556, P<0.001). Additionally, in terms of the association between DBC1 expression and clinicopathological characteristics, DBC1 expression was correlated to age (pooled OR=0.596, 95%CI =0.467-0.761, P<0.001), WHO classification (pooled OR =3.780, 95% CI=2.303-6.205, P <0.001), Lauren classification (pooled OR=2.000, 95%CI =1.492-2.680, P<0.001), and lymph node metastasis (pooled OR=0.405, 95%CI=0.203-0.806, P=0.010). In conclusion, DBC1 could not only be an independent prognostic factor for survival of patients with digestive system cancer, but might also be a novel target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingting Liu
- Department of Emergency, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 Qingchun East Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310020, China
| | - Chunyan Meng
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang Hospital, 12 Lingyin Road, Zhejiang 310013, China
| | - Changcan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , 100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Kaifeng Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang Hospital, 12 Lingyin Road, Zhejiang 310013, China
| | - Hongchao Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang Hospital, 12 Lingyin Road, Zhejiang 310013, China
| | - Jianhua Liao
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang Hospital, 12 Lingyin Road, Zhejiang 310013, China
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Ding N, Maiuri AR, O'Hagan HM. The emerging role of epigenetic modifiers in repair of DNA damage associated with chronic inflammatory diseases. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2019; 780:69-81. [PMID: 31395351 PMCID: PMC6690501 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
At sites of chronic inflammation epithelial cells are exposed to high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can contribute to the initiation and development of many different human cancers. Aberrant epigenetic alterations that cause transcriptional silencing of tumor suppressor genes are also implicated in many diseases associated with inflammation, including cancer. However, it is not clear how altered epigenetic gene silencing is initiated during chronic inflammation. The high level of ROS at sites of inflammation is known to induce oxidative DNA damage in surrounding epithelial cells. Furthermore, DNA damage is known to trigger several responses, including recruitment of DNA repair proteins, transcriptional repression, chromatin modifications and other cell signaling events. Recruitment of epigenetic modifiers to chromatin in response to DNA damage results in transient covalent modifications to chromatin such as histone ubiquitination, acetylation and methylation and DNA methylation. DNA damage also alters non-coding RNA expression. All of these alterations have the potential to alter gene expression at sites of damage. Typically, these modifications and gene transcription are restored back to normal once the repair of the DNA damage is completed. However, chronic inflammation may induce sustained DNA damage and DNA damage responses that result in these transient covalent chromatin modifications becoming mitotically stable epigenetic alterations. Understanding how epigenetic alterations are initiated during chronic inflammation will allow us to develop pharmaceutical strategies to prevent or treat chronic inflammation-induced cancer. This review will focus on types of DNA damage and epigenetic alterations associated with chronic inflammatory diseases, the types of DNA damage and transient covalent chromatin modifications induced by inflammation and oxidative DNA damage and how these modifications may result in epigenetic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ding
- Medical Sciences Program, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Ashley R Maiuri
- Medical Sciences Program, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Heather M O'Hagan
- Medical Sciences Program, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Liu G, Wu Q, Wang Y, Xiong Q, Fu F. Deleted in breast cancer 1 as a potential prognostic biomarker in human cancers: a pooled analysis of 2,254 patients. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:1563-1574. [PMID: 30863120 PMCID: PMC6390861 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s189618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Deleted in breast cancer 1 (DBC1) is believed to be involved in human cancers. However, it is still uncertain whether DBC1 expression can be regarded as a prognostic factor in patients with various cancers. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the relationship between high levels of DBC1 and prognosis in tumor patients. Methods Electronic databases were searched and 14 studies meeting the selection criteria were included. Overall survival (OS), relapse-free survival (RFS), and 95% CIs were extracted and analyzed. HRs from individual studies were pooled using fixed-or random-effects models, depending on the heterogeneity of the included studies, and publication bias analyses were also performed to increase the reliability of the results. Results A total of 2,254 patients with tumors from 14 published studies were included in the meta-analysis. DBC1 overexpression was associated with worse OS (univariate analysis: HR=2.94; 95% CI: [2.38–3.63]; multivariate analysis: HR=1.98, 95% CI: [1.21–3.25]) and RFS (univariate analysis: HR=2.83, 95% CI: [2.30–3.49]; multivariate analysis: HR=2.71, 95% CI: [2.07–3.53]) for various tumors. No publication bias was observed according to test of funnel plot asymmetry and Egger’s test. Conclusion Current evidence supports the conclusion that the upregulation of DBC1 is correlated with poor survival among tumor patients, suggesting that DBC1 represents an independent prognostic factor significantly associated with OS and RFS, and could serve as a novel therapeutic target in patients with tumors. Nevertheless, further large-scale prospective trials and well-designed studies are warranted to confirm this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Hospital of Nanchang City, Key Laboratory of Breast Diseases, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330009, China, ;
| | - Qiaosheng Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Hospital of Nanchang City, Key Laboratory of Breast Diseases, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330009, China, ;
| | - Yili Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Hospital of Nanchang City, Key Laboratory of Breast Diseases, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330009, China, ;
| | - Qiuyun Xiong
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Hospital of Nanchang City, Key Laboratory of Breast Diseases, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330009, China, ;
| | - Feiguo Fu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Hospital of Nanchang City, Key Laboratory of Breast Diseases, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330009, China, ;
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Zhao Y, Ding L, Wang D, Ye Z, He Y, Ma L, Zhu R, Pan Y, Wu Q, Pang K, Hou X, Weroha SJ, Han C, Coleman R, Coleman I, Karnes RJ, Zhang J, Nelson PS, Wang L, Huang H. EZH2 cooperates with gain-of-function p53 mutants to promote cancer growth and metastasis. EMBO J 2019; 38:e99599. [PMID: 30723117 PMCID: PMC6396169 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201899599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In light of the increasing number of identified cancer-driven gain-of-function (GOF) mutants of p53, it is important to define a common mechanism to systematically target several mutants, rather than developing strategies tailored to inhibit each mutant individually. Here, using RNA immunoprecipitation-sequencing (RIP-seq), we identified the Polycomb-group histone methyltransferase EZH2 as a p53 mRNA-binding protein. EZH2 bound to an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) in the 5'UTR of p53 mRNA and enhanced p53 protein translation in a methyltransferase-independent manner. EZH2 augmented p53 GOF mutant-mediated cancer growth and metastasis by increasing protein levels of mutant p53. EZH2 overexpression was associated with worsened outcome selectively in patients with p53-mutated cancer. Depletion of EZH2 by antisense oligonucleotides inhibited p53 GOF mutant-mediated cancer growth. Our findings reveal a non-methyltransferase function of EZH2 that controls protein translation of p53 GOF mutants, inhibition of which causes synthetic lethality in cancer cells expressing p53 GOF mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Liya Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Dejie Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Zhenqing Ye
- Division of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yundong He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Linlin Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Runzhi Zhu
- Center for Cell Therapy, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunqian Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Pang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital and Medical College affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaonan Hou
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Saravut J Weroha
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Conghui Han
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital and Medical College affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Roger Coleman
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ilsa Coleman
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - R Jeffery Karnes
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Peter S Nelson
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Liguo Wang
- Division of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Haojie Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
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Ediriweera MK, Tennekoon KH, Samarakoon SR. Emerging role of histone deacetylase inhibitors as anti-breast-cancer agents. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:685-702. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Weaver TM, Liu J, Connelly KE, Coble C, Varzavand K, Dykhuizen EC, Musselman CA. The EZH2 SANT1 domain is a histone reader providing sensitivity to the modification state of the H4 tail. Sci Rep 2019; 9:987. [PMID: 30700785 PMCID: PMC6353875 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37699-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
SANT domains are found in a number of chromatin regulators. They contain approximately 50 amino acids and have high similarity to the DNA binding domain of Myb related proteins. Though some SANT domains associate with DNA others have been found to bind unmodified histone tails. There are two SANT domains in Enhancer of Zeste 2 (EZH2), the catalytic subunit of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2), of unknown function. Here we show that the first SANT domain (SANT1) of EZH2 is a histone binding domain with specificity for the histone H4 N-terminal tail. Using NMR spectroscopy, mutagenesis, and molecular modeling we structurally characterize the SANT1 domain and determine the molecular mechanism of binding to the H4 tail. Though not important for histone binding, we find that the adjacent stimulation response motif (SRM) stabilizes SANT1 and transiently samples its active form in solution. Acetylation of H4K16 (H4K16ac) or acetylation or methylation of H4K20 (H4K20ac and H4K20me3) are seen to abrogate binding of SANT1 to H4, which is consistent with these modifications being anti-correlated with H3K27me3 in-vivo. Our results provide significant insight into this important regulatory region of EZH2 and the first characterization of the molecular mechanism of SANT domain histone binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler M Weaver
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Jiachen Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Katelyn E Connelly
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Chris Coble
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Katayoun Varzavand
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Emily C Dykhuizen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Catherine A Musselman
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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Wnt/Beta-Catenin Signaling and Prostate Cancer Therapy Resistance. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1210:351-378. [PMID: 31900917 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-32656-2_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic or locally advanced prostate cancer (PCa) is typically treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Initially, PCa responds to the treatment and regresses. However, PCa almost always develops resistance to androgen deprivation and progresses to castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPCa), a currently incurable form of PCa. Wnt/β-Catenin signaling is frequently activated in late stage PCa and contributes to the development of therapy resistance. Although activating mutations in the Wnt/β-Catenin pathway are not common in primary PCa, this signaling cascade can be activated through other mechanisms in late stage PCa, including cross talk with other signaling pathways, growth factors and cytokines produced by the damaged tumor microenvironment, release of the co-activator β-Catenin from sequestration after inhibition of androgen receptor (AR) signaling, altered expression of Wnt ligands and factors that modulate the Wnt signaling, and therapy-induced cellular senescence. Research from genetically engineered mouse models indicates that activation of Wnt/β-Catenin signaling in the prostate is oncogenic, enables castrate-resistant PCa growth, induces an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), promotes neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation, and confers stem cell-like features to PCa cells. These important roles of Wnt/β-Catenin signaling in PCa progression underscore the need for the development of drugs targeting this pathway to treat therapy-resistant PCa.
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Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA and histone modifications, are pivotal for normal brain development and functions by modulating spatial and temporal gene expression. Dysregulation of the epigenetic machinery can serve as a causal role in numerous brain disorders. Proper mammalian brain development and functions depend on the precise expression of neuronal-specific genes, transcription factors and epigenetic modifications. Antagonistic polycomb and trithorax proteins form multimeric complexes and play important roles in these processes by epigenetically controlling gene repression or activation through various molecular mechanisms. Aberrant expression or disruption of either protein group can contribute to neurodegenerative diseases. This review focus on the current progress of Polycomb and Trithorax complexes in brain development and disease, and provides a future outlook of the field.
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Rifaï K, Idrissou M, Penault-Llorca F, Bignon YJ, Bernard-Gallon D. Breaking down the Contradictory Roles of Histone Deacetylase SIRT1 in Human Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10110409. [PMID: 30380732 PMCID: PMC6266715 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10110409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of cancer in women worldwide; it is a multifactorial genetic disease. Acetylation and deacetylation are major post-translational protein modifications that regulate gene expression and the activity of a myriad of oncoproteins. Aberrant deacetylase activity can promote or suppress tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis in different types of human cancers, including breast cancer. Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) is a class-III histone deacetylase (HDAC) that deacetylates both histone and non-histone targets. The often-described ‘regulator of regulators’ is deeply implicated in apoptosis, gene regulation, genome maintenance, DNA repair, aging, and cancer development. However, despite the accumulated studies over the past decade, the role of SIRT1 in human breast cancer remains a subject of debate and controversy. The ambiguity surrounding the implications of SIRT1 in breast tumorigenesis stems from the discrepancy between studies, which have shown both tumor-suppressive and promoting functions of SIRT1. Furthermore, studies have shown that SIRT1 deficiency promotes or suppresses tumors in breast cancer, making it an attractive therapeutic target in cancer treatment. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the various implications of SIRT1 in breast cancer development and metastasis. We will also discuss the mechanisms underlying the conflicting roles of SIRT1, as well as its selective modulators, in breast carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaldoun Rifaï
- Department of Oncogenetics, Centre Jean Perrin, CBRV, 28 place Henri-Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- INSERM-UMR 1240-Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques (IMoST), 58 Rue Montalembert, 63005 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Mouhamed Idrissou
- Department of Oncogenetics, Centre Jean Perrin, CBRV, 28 place Henri-Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- INSERM-UMR 1240-Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques (IMoST), 58 Rue Montalembert, 63005 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Frédérique Penault-Llorca
- INSERM-UMR 1240-Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques (IMoST), 58 Rue Montalembert, 63005 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Department of Biopathology, Centre Jean Perrin, 58 Rue Montalembert, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Yves-Jean Bignon
- Department of Oncogenetics, Centre Jean Perrin, CBRV, 28 place Henri-Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- INSERM-UMR 1240-Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques (IMoST), 58 Rue Montalembert, 63005 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Dominique Bernard-Gallon
- Department of Oncogenetics, Centre Jean Perrin, CBRV, 28 place Henri-Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- INSERM-UMR 1240-Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques (IMoST), 58 Rue Montalembert, 63005 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Marasca F, Bodega B, Orlando V. How Polycomb-Mediated Cell Memory Deals With a Changing Environment. Bioessays 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201700137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Marasca
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare (INGM) “Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi”; Milan 20122 Italy
| | - Beatrice Bodega
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare (INGM) “Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi”; Milan 20122 Italy
| | - Valerio Orlando
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Environmental Epigenetics Research Program; Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division; Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
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Sun R, Shen J, Gao Y, Zhou Y, Yu Z, Hornicek F, Kan Q, Duan Z. Overexpression of EZH2 is associated with the poor prognosis in osteosarcoma and function analysis indicates a therapeutic potential. Oncotarget 2018; 7:38333-38346. [PMID: 27223261 PMCID: PMC5122393 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a primary malignant bone tumor that has a poor prognosis due to local recurrence, metastasis, and chemotherapy resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel potential therapeutic targets for osteosarcoma. Enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2) is a member of the polycomb group of proteins, which has important functions in epigenetic silencing and cell cycle regulation. Overexpression of EZH2 has been found in several malignancies, however, its expression and the role of EZH2 in osteosarcoma is largely unknown. In this study, we examined EZH2 expression by immunohistochemistry in a large series of osteosarcoma tissues in association with tumor characteristics and patient outcomes. EZH2 expression was also analyzed in a microarray dataset of osteosarcoma. Results showed that higher expression of EZH2 was significantly associated with more aggressive tumor behavior and poor patient outcomes of osteosarcoma. We subsequently investigated the functional and therapeutic relevance of EZH2 as a target in osteosarcoma. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated that EZH2 expression was significantly associated with more aggressive tumor behavior and poorer patient outcomes of osteosarcoma. EZH2 silencing by siRNA inhibited osteosarcoma cell growth, proliferation, migration, and invasion. Moreover, suppression of EZH2 attenuated cancer stem cell functions. Similar results were observed in osteosarcoma cells treated with EZH2 specific inhibitor 3-deazaneplanocin A (DZNep), which exhausted cellular levels of EZH2. These results suggest that EZH2 is critical for the growth and metastasis of osteosarcoma, and an epigenetic therapy that pharmacologically targets EZH2 via specific inhibitors may constitute a novel approach to the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China.,Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jacson Shen
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Yan Gao
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Yubing Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Zujiang Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Francis Hornicek
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Quancheng Kan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China.,Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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The JAZF1-SUZ12 fusion protein disrupts PRC2 complexes and impairs chromatin repression during human endometrial stromal tumorogenesis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:4062-4078. [PMID: 27845897 PMCID: PMC5354813 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which contains three core proteins EZH2, EED and SUZ12, controls chromatin compaction and transcription repression through trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone 3. The (7;17)(p15;q21) chromosomal translocation present in most cases of endometrial stromal sarcomas (ESSs) results in the in-frame fusion of the JAZF1 and SUZ12 genes. We have investigated whether and how the fusion protein JAZF1-SUZ12 functionally alters PRC2. We found that the fusion protein exists at high levels in ESS containing the t(7;17). Co-transient transfection assay indicated JAZF1-SUZ12 destabilized PRC2 components EZH2 and EED, resulting in decreased histone methyl transferase (HMT) activity, which was confirmed by in vitro studies using reconstituted PRC2 and nucleosome array substrates. We also demonstrated the PRC2 containing the fusion protein decreased the binding affinity to target chromatin loci. In addition, we found that trimethylation of H3K27 was decreased in ESS samples with the t(7;17), but there was no detectable change in H3K9 in these tissues. Moreover, re-expression of SUZ12 in Suz12 (−/−) ES cells rescued the neuronal differentiation while the fusion protein failed to restore this function and enhanced cell proliferation. In summary, our studies reveal that JAZF1-SUZ12 fusion protein disrupts the PRC2 complex, abolishes HMT activity and subsequently activates chromatin/genes normally repressed by PRC2. Such dyesfunction of PRC2 inhibits normal neural differentiation of ES cell and increases cell proliferation. Related changes induced by the JAZF-SUZ12 protein in endometrial stromal cells may explain the oncogenic effect of the t(7;17) in ESS.
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Khan S, Iqbal M, Tariq M, Baig SM, Abbas W. Epigenetic regulation of HIV-1 latency: focus on polycomb group (PcG) proteins. Clin Epigenetics 2018; 10:14. [PMID: 29441145 PMCID: PMC5800276 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0441-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 latency allows the virus to persist until reactivation, in a transcriptionally silent form in its cellular reservoirs despite the presence of effective cART. Such viral persistence represents a major barrier to HIV eradication since treatment interruption leads to rebound plasma viremia. Polycomb group (PcG) proteins have recently got a considerable attention in regulating HIV-1 post-integration latency as they are involved in the repression of proviral gene expression through the methylation of histones. This epigenetic regulation plays an important role in the establishment and maintenance of HIV-1 latency. In fact, PcG proteins act in complexes and modulate the epigenetic signatures of integrated HIV-1 promoter. Key role played by PcG proteins in the molecular control of HIV-1 latency has led to hypothesize that PcG proteins may represent a valuable target for future HIV-1 therapy in purging HIV-1 reservoirs. In this regard, various small molecules have been synthesized or explored to specifically block the epigenetic activity of PcG. In this review, we will highlight the possible therapeutic approaches to achieve either a functional or sterilizing cure of HIV-1 infection with special focus on histone methylation by PcG proteins together with current and novel pharmacological approaches to reactivate HIV-1 from latency that could ultimately lead towards a better clearance of viral latent reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheraz Khan
- Health Biotechnology Division (HBD), National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), PO Box 577, Jhang road, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mazhar Iqbal
- Health Biotechnology Division (HBD), National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), PO Box 577, Jhang road, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- Department of Biology (Epigenetics group), SBA School of Science and Engineering, LUMS, Lahore, 54792 Pakistan
| | - Shahid M. Baig
- Health Biotechnology Division (HBD), National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), PO Box 577, Jhang road, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Wasim Abbas
- Health Biotechnology Division (HBD), National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), PO Box 577, Jhang road, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Liu PP, Xu YJ, Teng ZQ, Liu CM. Polycomb Repressive Complex 2: Emerging Roles in the Central Nervous System. Neuroscientist 2017; 24:208-220. [DOI: 10.1177/1073858417747839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is responsible for catalyzing both di- and trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me2/3). The subunits of PRC2 are widely expressed in the central nervous system (CNS). PRC2 as well as H3K27me2/3, play distinct roles in neuronal identity, proliferation and differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells, neuronal morphology, and gliogenesis. Mutations or dysregulations of PRC2 subunits often cause neurological diseases. Therefore, PRC2 might represent a common target of different pathological processes that drive neurodegenerative diseases. A better understanding of the intricate and complex regulatory networks mediated by PRC2 in CNS will help to develop new therapeutic approaches and to generate specific brain cell types for treating neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Pei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao-Qian Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chang-Mei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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40
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O'Callaghan C, Vassilopoulos A. Sirtuins at the crossroads of stemness, aging, and cancer. Aging Cell 2017; 16:1208-1218. [PMID: 28994177 PMCID: PMC5676072 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are stress‐responsive proteins that direct various post‐translational modifications (PTMs) and as a result, are considered to be master regulators of several cellular processes. They are known to both extend lifespan and regulate spontaneous tumor development. As both aging and cancer are associated with altered stem cell function, the possibility that the involvement of sirtuins in these events is mediated by their roles in stem cells is worthy of investigation. Research to date suggests that the individual sirtuin family members can differentially regulate embryonic, hematopoietic as well as other adult stem cells in a tissue‐ and cell type‐specific context. Sirtuin‐driven regulation of both cell differentiation and signaling pathways previously involved in stem cell maintenance has been described where downstream effectors involved determine the biological outcome. Similarly, diverse roles have been reported in cancer stem cells (CSCs), depending on the tissue of origin. This review highlights the current knowledge which places sirtuins at the intersection of stem cells, aging, and cancer. By outlining the plethora of stem cell‐related roles for individual sirtuins in various contexts, our purpose was to provide an indication of their significance in relation to cancer and aging, as well as to generate a clearer picture of their therapeutic potential. Finally, we propose future directions which will contribute to the better understanding of sirtuins, thereby further unraveling the full repertoire of sirtuin functions in both normal stem cells and CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol O'Callaghan
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology Department of Radiation Oncology Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL USA
| | - Athanassios Vassilopoulos
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology Department of Radiation Oncology Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center Northwestern University Chicago IL USA
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41
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Li C, Liao J, Wu S, Fan J, Peng Z, Wang Z. Overexpression of DBC1, correlated with poor prognosis, is a potential therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 494:511-517. [PMID: 29106957 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.10.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Deleted in Breast Cancer 1 (DBC1) is a regulatory protein involved in cell metabolism and cancer progression. Nevertheless, the expression and prognostic values of DBC1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are still not well understood. The following study investigated the clinical significance and biological function of DBC1 in HCC. Briefly, overexpression of DBC1 at transcriptional and translational levels in human HCC tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues was observed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blot (WB) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) approach. Furthermore, upregulated DBC1 was significantly correlated with tumor size (p = 0.005), N stage (p = 0.016), M stage (p = 0.011), tumor differentiation (p < 0.001), and American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage (p = 0.001). Moreover, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that DBC1 was an independent prognosis predictor for disease-free survival (DFS) (p < 0.001) and overall survival (OS) (p < 0.001). In addition, by using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assays and colony formation assays, we found that the knockdown of DBC1 significantly suppressed the proliferation of HCC cells in vitro. To conclude, these findings demonstrated that DBC1 was essential in tumorigenesis and proliferation. Moreover, it was identified as a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changcan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China.
| | - Jianhua Liao
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310013, China.
| | - Shaohan Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing College, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Junwei Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Zhihai Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Zhaowen Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China.
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42
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Epigenetic Alterations in Human Papillomavirus-Associated Cancers. Viruses 2017; 9:v9090248. [PMID: 28862667 PMCID: PMC5618014 DOI: 10.3390/v9090248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 15–20% of human cancers are caused by viruses, including human papillomaviruses (HPVs). Viruses are obligatory intracellular parasites and encode proteins that reprogram the regulatory networks governing host cellular signaling pathways that control recognition by the immune system, proliferation, differentiation, genomic integrity, and cell death. Given that key proteins in these regulatory networks are also subject to mutation in non-virally associated diseases and cancers, the study of oncogenic viruses has also been instrumental to the discovery and analysis of many fundamental cellular processes, including messenger RNA (mRNA) splicing, transcriptional enhancers, oncogenes and tumor suppressors, signal transduction, immune regulation, and cell cycle control. More recently, tumor viruses, in particular HPV, have proven themselves invaluable in the study of the cancer epigenome. Epigenetic silencing or de-silencing of genes can have cellular consequences that are akin to genetic mutations, i.e., the loss and gain of expression of genes that are not usually expressed in a certain cell type and/or genes that have tumor suppressive or oncogenic activities, respectively. Unlike genetic mutations, the reversible nature of epigenetic modifications affords an opportunity of epigenetic therapy for cancer. This review summarizes the current knowledge on epigenetic regulation in HPV-infected cells with a focus on those elements with relevance to carcinogenesis.
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43
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Jang J, Huh YJ, Cho HJ, Lee B, Park J, Hwang DY, Kim DW. SIRT1 Enhances the Survival of Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Promoting DNA Repair. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:629-641. [PMID: 28689995 PMCID: PMC5549766 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) hold great promise for the treatment of many incurable diseases. Sirtuin1 (SIRT1), a class III histone deacetylase, is abundantly expressed in hESCs and is known to regulate early differentiation and telomere elongation. Here, we show that downregulation of SIRT1 promotes cell death in hESCs, but not in differentiated cells, and the SIRT1-inhibition-mediated cell death is preceded by increased DNA damage. This increased DNA damage is at least partially due to decreased levels of DNA repair enzymes such as MSH2, MSH6, and APEX1. Furthermore, SIRT1 inhibition causes p53 activation, which eventually leads to DNA damage-induced apoptosis of hESCs. This study provides valuable insights into the mechanism of SIRT1-mediated hESC survival and should contribute to the development of safe and effective cell therapies. SIRT1 downregulation induces cell death in hESCs but not in differentiated cells SIRT1 inhibition increases DNA damage by reducing the level of DNA repair enzymes SIRT1 inhibition activates p53 and induces two pro-apoptotic genes, PUMA and BAX SIRT1 acts as a guardian of hESCs via genome stability
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiho Jang
- Department of Physiology and Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Yong Jun Huh
- Department of Physiology and Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Cho
- Department of Physiology and Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Boram Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Kyeonggido 13488, Korea
| | - Jaepil Park
- Department of Physiology and Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Dong-Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Kyeonggido 13488, Korea.
| | - Dong-Wook Kim
- Department of Physiology and Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.
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44
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Yang A, Wang X, Yu C, Jin Z, Wei L, Cao J, Wang Q, Zhang M, Zhang L, Zhang L, Hao C. microRNA-494 is a potential prognostic marker and inhibits cellular proliferation, migration and invasion by targeting SIRT1 in epithelial ovarian cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:3177-3184. [PMID: 28927063 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the most common types of gynecological malignancy worldwide, and is the fourth leading cause of cancer-associated mortality among women. Despite improvements in therapeutic treatments, the prognosis for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains poor, mainly due to the rapid growth and metastasis of ovarian cancer tumors. An increasing number of studies have indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the carcinogenesis and progression of human cancer, suggesting that miRNAs may be used in clinical prognosis and as a therapeutic target in EOC. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression levels of miRNA-494 in EOC tissues and cell lines. The clinical significance of miRNA-494 in patients with EOC was also evaluated. The results demonstrated that miRNA-494 was significantly downregulated in EOC tissues and cell lines. Low expression levels of miRNA-494 were associated with poor prognostic features, including International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, tumor size and lymph node metastasis. In vitro functional studies demonstrated that overexpression of miRNA-494 inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion in EOC cells. By contrast, knockdown of miRNA-494 enhanced cell growth, migration and invasion in EOC cells. Notably, sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) was identified as a direct target of miRNA-494 in EOC. Furthermore, MTT, cell migration and invasion assays verified that EOC cell proliferation, migration and invasion were completely restored with forced miRNA-494 expression and SIRT1 restoration. Together, these findings suggest that miRNA-494 is a potential prognostic marker, and may provide novel therapeutic regimens of targeted therapy for EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijun Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Xuenan Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Chunna Yu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Jin
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Lingxia Wei
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, P.R. China
| | - Jinghe Cao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Qin Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Clinical Microarray Core, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Cuifang Hao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Qing Dao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
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45
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A Tox21 Approach to Altered Epigenetic Landscapes: Assessing Epigenetic Toxicity Pathways Leading to Altered Gene Expression and Oncogenic Transformation In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061179. [PMID: 28587163 PMCID: PMC5486002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An emerging vision for toxicity testing in the 21st century foresees in vitro assays assuming the leading role in testing for chemical hazards, including testing for carcinogenicity. Toxicity will be determined by monitoring key steps in functionally validated molecular pathways, using tests designed to reveal chemically-induced perturbations that lead to adverse phenotypic endpoints in cultured human cells. Risk assessments would subsequently be derived from the causal in vitro endpoints and concentration vs. effect data extrapolated to human in vivo concentrations. Much direct experimental evidence now shows that disruption of epigenetic processes by chemicals is a carcinogenic mode of action that leads to altered gene functions playing causal roles in cancer initiation and progression. In assessing chemical safety, it would therefore be advantageous to consider an emerging class of carcinogens, the epigenotoxicants, with the ability to change chromatin and/or DNA marks by direct or indirect effects on the activities of enzymes (writers, erasers/editors, remodelers and readers) that convey the epigenetic information. Evidence is reviewed supporting a strategy for in vitro hazard identification of carcinogens that induce toxicity through disturbance of functional epigenetic pathways in human somatic cells, leading to inactivated tumour suppressor genes and carcinogenesis. In the context of human cell transformation models, these in vitro pathway measurements ensure high biological relevance to the apical endpoint of cancer. Four causal mechanisms participating in pathways to persistent epigenetic gene silencing were considered: covalent histone modification, nucleosome remodeling, non-coding RNA interaction and DNA methylation. Within these four interacting mechanisms, 25 epigenetic toxicity pathway components (SET1, MLL1, KDM5, G9A, SUV39H1, SETDB1, EZH2, JMJD3, CBX7, CBX8, BMI, SUZ12, HP1, MPP8, DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B, TET1, MeCP2, SETDB2, BAZ2A, UHRF1, CTCF, HOTAIR and ANRIL) were found to have experimental evidence showing that functional perturbations played “driver” roles in human cellular transformation. Measurement of epigenotoxicants presents challenges for short-term carcinogenicity testing, especially in the high-throughput modes emphasized in the Tox21 chemicals testing approach. There is need to develop and validate in vitro tests to detect both, locus-specific, and genome-wide, epigenetic alterations with causal links to oncogenic cellular phenotypes. Some recent examples of cell-based high throughput chemical screening assays are presented that have been applied or have shown potential for application to epigenetic endpoints.
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46
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A cytosolic Ezh1 isoform modulates a PRC2–Ezh1 epigenetic adaptive response in postmitotic cells. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2017; 24:444-452. [DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.3392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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47
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Sirt1 Regulates DNA Methylation and Differentiation Potential of Embryonic Stem Cells by Antagonizing Dnmt3l. Cell Rep 2017; 18:1930-1945. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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48
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Wu C, Jin X, Yang J, Yang Y, He Y, Ding L, Pan Y, Chen S, Jiang J, Huang H. Inhibition of EZH2 by chemo- and radiotherapy agents and small molecule inhibitors induces cell death in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:3440-52. [PMID: 26657505 PMCID: PMC4823118 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy is the mainstay of treatment of advanced prostate cancer (PCa). However, a significant portion of patients experience disease relapse and tumors ultimately evolve into castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), for which there is no cure in the clinic. The Polycomb protein enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is frequently overexpressed in CRPC. It is unclear whether EZH2 can be a therapeutic target in CRPC. Here, we demonstrated that chemo- and radiotherapy agents such as camptothecin (CPT) and γ irradiation decrease EZH2 expression in various PCa cell lines. We provided evidence that functional p53 and RB proteins are required for CPT- and irradiation-induced downregulation of EZH2 in CRPC cells. We demonstrated that EZH2-specific small molecule inhibitors mitigate CRPC cell growth. We further showed that the EZH2 inhibitor GSK126 inhibits both Polycomb-dependent and -independent functions of EZH2 in PCa cells. Importantly, we found that inhibition of EZH2 by genetic and pharmacological means sensitizes CRPC cells to CPT-induced apoptotic death and growth inhibition in culture and in mice. Our data suggest that concomitant administration of small molecule inhibitors of EZH2 may significantly increase the anti-tumor efficacy of conventional chemo- and radiotherapies in CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changping Wu
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yinhui Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yundong He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Liya Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yunqian Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Shuai Chen
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jingting Jiang
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Haojie Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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49
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Bayarsaihan D. Deciphering the Epigenetic Code in Embryonic and Dental Pulp Stem Cells. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 89:539-563. [PMID: 28018144 PMCID: PMC5168831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A close cooperation between chromatin states, transcriptional modulation, and epigenetic modifications is required for establishing appropriate regulatory circuits underlying self-renewal and differentiation of adult and embryonic stem cells. A growing body of research has established that the epigenome topology provides a structural framework for engaging genes in the non-random chromosomal interactions to orchestrate complex processes such as cell-matrix interactions, cell adhesion and cell migration during lineage commitment. Over the past few years, the functional dissection of the epigenetic landscape has become increasingly important for understanding gene expression dynamics in stem cells naturally found in most tissues. Adult stem cells of the human dental pulp hold great promise for tissue engineering, particularly in the skeletal and tooth regenerative medicine. It is therefore likely that progress towards pulp regeneration will have a substantial impact on the clinical research. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding epigenetic cues that have evolved to regulate the pluripotent differentiation potential of embryonic stem cells and the lineage determination of developing dental pulp progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dashzeveg Bayarsaihan
- Institute for System Genomics and Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
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50
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Gharabaghi MA. Diagnostic investigation of BIRC6 and SIRT1 protein expression level as potential prognostic biomarkers in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2016; 12:633-638. [PMID: 27768839 DOI: 10.1111/crj.12572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Lung cancer is the major contributor to overall cancer-related mortality. Biomarkers are important in early detection and prognosis, in addition to developing treatment regimes, which may improve the patient survival rates. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the prognostic and diagnostic value of SIRT1/BIRC6 expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS The data on the prognostic impact of SIRT1/BIRC6 in NSCLC were collected from September 11, 2006 to July 10, 2014. Immunoexpressions and real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR of SIRT1/BIRC6 were analyzed and the outcomes were correlated with clinicopathological features and patient survivals. RESULTS MRNA level of SIRT1 was upregulated in NSCLC tissues as compared to normal tissues (3.18 ± 0.77 vs. 1.27 ± 0.62; P = .001). BIRC6 mRNA was upregulated in cancer tissues when compared with normal tissues (4.13 ± 0.91 vs. 1.51 ± 0.72; P = .001). SIRT1 protein was overexpressed in 27 patients (67.5%), while normal tissues showed weak or negative staining to SIRT1 (P = .002). Furthermore, these findings suggested that advanced pathological T stage, and poor differentiation were significantly associated with expression of SIRT1 (P < .05). Increased expression of BIRC6 was detected in 75% of patients, while weak or negative expression were detected in normal tissues (P = .001). Furthermore, increased expression of BIRC6 was linked to advanced pathological T stage, poor differentiation, and lymph node metastasis (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS SIRT1 and BIRC6 may be linked to tumor progression and could be useful for the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Asadi Gharabaghi
- Advanced Thoracic Research Center, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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