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Timofeeva AM, Shayakhmetova LS, Nikitin AO, Sedykh TA, Matveev AL, Shanshin DV, Volosnikova EA, Merkuleva IA, Shcherbakov DN, Tikunova NV, Sedykh SE, Nevinsky GA. Natural Antibodies Produced in Vaccinated Patients and COVID-19 Convalescents Hydrolyze Recombinant RBD and Nucleocapsid (N) Proteins. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1007. [PMID: 38790969 PMCID: PMC11118737 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are protein molecules whose primary function is to recognize antigens. However, recent studies have demonstrated their ability to hydrolyze specific substrates, such as proteins, oligopeptides, and nucleic acids. In 2023, two separate teams of researchers demonstrated the proteolytic activity of natural plasma antibodies from COVID-19 convalescents. These antibodies were found to hydrolyze the S-protein and corresponding oligopeptides. Our study shows that for antibodies with affinity to recombinant structural proteins of the SARS-CoV-2: S-protein, its fragment RBD and N-protein can only hydrolyze the corresponding protein substrates and are not cross-reactive. By using strict criteria, we have confirmed that this proteolytic activity is an intrinsic property of antibodies and is not caused by impurities co-eluting with them. This discovery suggests that natural proteolytic antibodies that hydrolyze proteins of the SARS-CoV-2 virus may have a positive impact on disease pathogenesis. It is also possible for these antibodies to work in combination with other antibodies that bind specific epitopes to enhance the process of virus neutralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Timofeeva
- SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (S.E.S.)
- Advanced Engineering School, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Artem O. Nikitin
- SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (S.E.S.)
- Advanced Engineering School, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatyana A. Sedykh
- SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (S.E.S.)
| | - Andrey L. Matveev
- SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (S.E.S.)
| | - Daniil V. Shanshin
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia (D.N.S.)
| | | | - Iuliia A. Merkuleva
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia (D.N.S.)
| | - Dmitriy N. Shcherbakov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia (D.N.S.)
- Department of Physical-Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Altay State University, 656049 Barnaul, Russia
| | - Nina V. Tikunova
- SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (S.E.S.)
- Advanced Engineering School, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey E. Sedykh
- SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (S.E.S.)
- Advanced Engineering School, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Georgy A. Nevinsky
- SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (S.E.S.)
- Advanced Engineering School, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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2
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Catalytic Antibodies: Design, Expression, and Their Applications in Medicine. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:1514-1540. [PMID: 36222989 PMCID: PMC9554387 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04183-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic antibodies made it feasible to develop new catalysts, which had previously been the subject of research. Scientists have discovered natural antibodies that can hydrolyze substrates such as nucleic acids, proteins, and polysaccharides during decades of research, as well as several ways of producing antibodies with specialized characteristics and catalytic functions. These antibodies are widely used in chemistry, biology, and medicine. Catalytic antibodies can continue to play a role and even fully prevent the emergence of autoimmune disorders, especially in the field of infection and immunity, where the process of its occurrence and development often takes a long time. In this work, the development, design and evolution methodologies, and the expression systems and applications of catalytic antibodies, are discussed. Trial registration: not applicable.
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3
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Mingot-Castellano ME, Rodríguez-Martorell FJ, Nuñez-Vázquez RJ, Marco P. Acquired Haemophilia A: A Review of What We Know. J Blood Med 2022; 13:691-710. [PMID: 36447782 PMCID: PMC9701517 DOI: 10.2147/jbm.s342077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies against plasma coagulation factors could be developed by some individuals inducing severe and sometimes fatal bleedings. This clinical entity is called acquired haemophilia. It should be suspected in subjects with acute abnormal bleedings, without personal or familiar history of congenital bleeding disorders with an unexplained prolonged aPTT. It is rare disease, although its incidence may be underestimated due to the low knowledge about it by many specialists, the frequent use of anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapies in the affected population that can mask the diagnosis and, sometimes, a so withering effect that avoid its confirmation. Mortality ranges between 9% and 33% depending on the series in the first 2 months after diagnosis. This mortality is attributed in up to 40% of the cases to infections in the context of immunosuppressive treatments used to eliminate the inhibitor. Factor VIII levels below 1% and high inhibitor titers are conditions of worse response rates. Advanced age, patient's ECOG, and underlying conditions are key prognostic factors for response to treatment and patient survival. To reduce morbidity and mortality in these patients, it is important to have clinical knowledge and access to guidelines to achieve an early diagnosis and to optimize the haemostatic and immunosuppressive treatment. This review aims to contribute to the dissemination of basic concepts on the epidemiology etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and management of these patients, as well as risk factors to get remission and the longest overall survival to allow individualized care. Especial awareness will be proposed in patients with some underlying conditions like cancer, autoimmune diseases, children, pregnancy or drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eva Mingot-Castellano
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío. Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Ramiro José Nuñez-Vázquez
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío. Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pascual Marco
- General Medicine Department, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
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4
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Ermakov EA, Nevinsky GA, Buneva VN. Immunoglobulins with Non-Canonical Functions in Inflammatory and Autoimmune Disease States. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155392. [PMID: 32751323 PMCID: PMC7432551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulins are known to combine various effector mechanisms of the adaptive and the innate immune system. Classical immunoglobulin functions are associated with antigen recognition and the initiation of innate immune responses. However, in addition to classical functions, antibodies exhibit a variety of non-canonical functions related to the destruction of various pathogens due to catalytic activity and cofactor effects, the action of antibodies as agonists/antagonists of various receptors, the control of bacterial diversity of the intestine, etc. Canonical and non-canonical functions reflect the extreme human antibody repertoire and the variety of antibody types generated in the organism: antigen-specific, natural, polyreactive, broadly neutralizing, homophilic, bispecific and catalytic. The therapeutic effects of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) are associated with both the canonical and non-canonical functions of antibodies. In this review, catalytic antibodies will be considered in more detail, since their formation is associated with inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. We will systematically summarize the diversity of catalytic antibodies in normal and pathological conditions. Translational perspectives of knowledge about natural antibodies for IVIg therapy will be also discussed.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptive Immunity
- Antibodies, Bispecific/chemistry
- Antibodies, Bispecific/genetics
- Antibodies, Bispecific/metabolism
- Antibodies, Catalytic/chemistry
- Antibodies, Catalytic/genetics
- Antibodies, Catalytic/metabolism
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/chemistry
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/genetics
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/metabolism
- Autoimmune Diseases/genetics
- Autoimmune Diseases/immunology
- Autoimmune Diseases/pathology
- Autoimmune Diseases/therapy
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/chemistry
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/metabolism
- Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/chemistry
- Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/metabolism
- Immunoglobulin Isotypes/chemistry
- Immunoglobulin Isotypes/classification
- Immunoglobulin Isotypes/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Isotypes/metabolism
- Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/therapeutic use
- Immunologic Tests
- Neurodegenerative Diseases/genetics
- Neurodegenerative Diseases/immunology
- Neurodegenerative Diseases/pathology
- Neurodegenerative Diseases/therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny A. Ermakov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (E.A.E.); (G.A.N.)
- Novosibirsk State University, Department of Natural Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Georgy A. Nevinsky
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (E.A.E.); (G.A.N.)
- Novosibirsk State University, Department of Natural Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valentina N. Buneva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (E.A.E.); (G.A.N.)
- Novosibirsk State University, Department of Natural Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(383)-363-51-27; Fax: +7-(383)-363-51-53
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Dimitrov JD, Lacroix-Desmazes S. Noncanonical Functions of Antibodies. Trends Immunol 2020; 41:379-393. [PMID: 32273170 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The typical functions of antibodies are based on linking the process of antigen recognition with initiation of innate immune reactions. With the introduction of modern research technologies and the use of sophisticated model systems, recent years have witnessed the discovery of a number of noncanonical functions of antibodies. These functions encompass either untypical strategies for neutralization of pathogens or exertion of activities that are characteristic for other proteins (cytokines, chaperones, or enzymes). Here, we provide an overview of the noncanonical functions of antibodies and discuss their mechanisms and implications in immune regulation and defense. A better comprehension of these functions will enrich our knowledge of the adaptive immune response and shall inspire the development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan D Dimitrov
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France.
| | - Sébastien Lacroix-Desmazes
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France
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6
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Emergence of antibodies endowed with proteolytic activity against High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) in patients surviving septic shock. Cell Immunol 2019; 347:104020. [PMID: 31767118 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2019.104020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) concentration in serum or plasma has been proposed as an important biological marker in various inflammation-related pathologies. We previously showed that low titer autoantibodies against HMGB1 could emerge during the course of sepsis. Importantly their presence was positively related with patients' survival. In this study, we focused on plasma samples from 2 patients who survived sepsis and exhibited high titer antibodies to HMGB1. These antibodies were proved to be specific for HMGB1 since they did not bind to HMGB2 or to human serum albumin. Following IgG purification, it has shown that both patients secreted HMGB1-hydrolyzing autoantibodies in vitro. These findings suggested that proteolytic antibodies directed against HMGB1 can be produced in patients surviving septic shock.
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Differential Diagnostics of Active Progressing Multiple Sclerosis Using a Fluorescent Biomarker with Resonance Energy Transfer. Bull Exp Biol Med 2019; 167:329-334. [PMID: 31346868 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-019-04520-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous data showed that myelin-reactive autoantibodies found in patients with multiple sclerosis and mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis recognize and hydrolyze various fragments of myelin basic protein (MBP). Moreover, antibody-mediated cleavage of the encephalithogenic fragment MBP81-103 flanked with two fluorescent proteins can serve as a new biomarker of multiple sclerosis. Here we describe creation of the next generation of this biomarker based on antibody-dependent degradation of a new chemically synthesized fluorescent substrate with resonance energy transfer that contains fluorophore Cy5 and quencher QXL680 separated by MBP81-99 protein (Cy5-MBP81-99-QXL680). This substrate is degraded during incubation with purified antibodies and B cells from patients with multiple sclerosis, but not healthy volunteers.
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Lomakin Y, Kudriaeva A, Kostin N, Terekhov S, Kaminskaya A, Chernov A, Zakharova M, Ivanova M, Simaniv T, Telegin G, Gabibov A, Belogurov A. Diagnostics of autoimmune neurodegeneration using fluorescent probing. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12679. [PMID: 30139963 PMCID: PMC6107501 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30938-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of antibody-mediated catalysis was a breakthrough that showed antibody function is not limited to specific binding interactions, and that immunoglobulins (Igs) may also chemically transform their target antigens. Recently, so-called “natural catalytic antibodies” have been intimately linked with several pathologies, where they either protect the organism or contribute to the development of autoimmune abnormalities. Previously, we showed that myelin-reactive autoantibodies from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) exhibit the ability to recognize and hydrolyse distinct epitopes within myelin basic protein (MBP). Further, the antibody-mediated cleavage of encephalitogenic MBP peptide 81–103, flanked by two fluorescent proteins, can serve as a novel biomarker for MS. Here, we report the next generation of this biomarker, based on the antibody-mediated degradation of a novel chemically synthesized FRET substrate, comprising the fluorophore Cy5 and the quencher QXL680, interconnected by the MBP peptide 81–99: Cy5-MBP81–99-QXL680. This substrate is degraded upon incubation with either purified antibodies from MS patients but not healthy donors or purified antibodies and splenocytes from EAE but not from non-immunized mice. Data presented herein suggest the elaboration of potential specific, rapid, and sensitive diagnostic criteria of active progressive MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakov Lomakin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Anna Kudriaeva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikita Kostin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Stanislav Terekhov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alena Kaminskaya
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Chernov
- Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Maria Zakharova
- Neurorehabilitation Department of the Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Ivanova
- Neurorehabilitation Department of the Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Taras Simaniv
- Neurorehabilitation Department of the Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Georgy Telegin
- Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Alexander Gabibov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia. .,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexey Belogurov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia. .,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
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9
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Pradhan V, Pandit P, Surve P, Lecerf M, Rajadhyaksha A, Nadkar M, Khadilkar PV, Chougule DA, Naigaonkar AA, Lacroix-Desmazes S, Bayry J, Ghosh K, Kaveri SV. Catalytic antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Eur J Rheumatol 2018; 5:173-178. [PMID: 30185370 DOI: 10.5152/eurjrheum.2018.17194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Antibodies with catalytic (hydrolytic) properties to DNA or RNA have been reported in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, it is well known that ethnicity plays an important role in the presentation of SLE and severity of the disease; hence, these data may not truly represent a general feature of all SLE patients. Therefore, we have analyzed the hydrolyzing activity of immunoglobulin G (IgG) of SLE patients from the Indian population with an aim to decode whether the catalytic antibody response represents part of an active disease process. METHODS IgGs were isolated from the sera of 72 consecutive patients diagnosed with SLE. As a control, IgGs from healthy donors were used. The catalytic activity of IgG was measured by PFR-MCA and affinity-linked oligonucleotide nuclease assay. RESULTS IgGs from patients with SLE from the Indian subcontinent displayed significantly higher hydrolysis rates of both the surrogate substrate, PFR-MCA, and the DNA than IgG from healthy individuals. Intergroup comparisons of the IgG-PFR-MCA interactions with clinical manifestations of the disease demonstrated a significantly increased level of hydrolysis among the patients with renal involvement who tested positive for anti-dsDNA antibodies. The PFR-MCA hydrolysis also appears to be associated with the active disease (p=0.0988, vs. inactive group). CONCLUSION The prevalence of catalytic antibodies represents a general feature of SLE patients, irrespective of their origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Pradhan
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Immunology, National Institute of Immunohaematology, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Pallavi Pandit
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Immunology, National Institute of Immunohaematology, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Prathamesh Surve
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Immunology, National Institute of Immunohaematology, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Maxime Lecerf
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1138, Paris, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe - Immunopathologie et Immunointervention Thérapeutique, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, UMR S 1138, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR S 1138, Paris, France
| | | | - Milind Nadkar
- Department of Medicine, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Prasad V Khadilkar
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Immunology, National Institute of Immunohaematology, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Durga A Chougule
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Immunology, National Institute of Immunohaematology, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Aalaap A Naigaonkar
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Immunology, National Institute of Immunohaematology, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Sébastien Lacroix-Desmazes
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1138, Paris, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe - Immunopathologie et Immunointervention Thérapeutique, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, UMR S 1138, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR S 1138, Paris, France
| | - Jagadeesh Bayry
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1138, Paris, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe - Immunopathologie et Immunointervention Thérapeutique, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, UMR S 1138, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR S 1138, Paris, France
| | - Kanjaksha Ghosh
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Immunology, National Institute of Immunohaematology, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Srini V Kaveri
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1138, Paris, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe - Immunopathologie et Immunointervention Thérapeutique, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, UMR S 1138, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR S 1138, Paris, France
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10
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Baranova SV, Dmitrenok PS, Zubkova AD, Ivanisenko NV, Odintsova ES, Buneva VN, Nevinsky GA. Antibodies against H3 and H4 histones from the sera of HIV-infected patients catalyze site-specific degradation of these histones. J Mol Recognit 2018; 31:e2703. [PMID: 29457292 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Histones and their posttranslational modified forms play pivotal roles in chromatin functioning and gene transcription. Also, histones are harmful when they enter the intercellular space; their administration to animals results in systemic inflammatory and toxic responses. Autoantibodies having enzymatic activities (abzymes) are the specific feature of several autoimmune and viral diseases. Electrophoretically homogeneous IgGs containing no canonical proteases were purified from sera of HIV-infected patients by using several affinity chromatographies. In contrast to known canonical proteases, Abs from HIV-infected patients hydrolyzed exclusively only histones but no other control globular proteins. The H3 and H4 histone cleavage sites by antihistone IgGs were determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry for the first time. Two clusters of H3 hydrolysis contain major (↕) and minor (*) cleavage sites: 18-K*Q*LA↕TK*A↕AR*KS↕A*P-30 and 34-G*VK*KPHR*YRPGTVA*L*R-50. H4 histone has only 1 cluster of cleavage sites containing additionally moderate (↓) cleavage sites: 15-A↕KR↕HR↕KVLR↓D*NIQ↓GIT*K-31. Sites of these histones cleavage correspond mainly to their known epitopes. It was surprising that most of the cleavage sites of histones are involved in the interaction with DNA of nucleosome core. Because histones act as damage-associated molecules, abzymes against H3 and H4 can play important role in pathogenesis of AIDs and probably other viral and immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana V Baranova
- Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Lavrentiev Ave. 8, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Pavel S Dmitrenok
- G. B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry FEB RAS, 159 Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Anastasiya D Zubkova
- Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Lavrentiev Ave. 8, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Nikita V Ivanisenko
- Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, 10 Lavrentiev Ave., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena S Odintsova
- Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Lavrentiev Ave. 8, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Valentina N Buneva
- Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Lavrentiev Ave. 8, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Georgy A Nevinsky
- Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Lavrentiev Ave. 8, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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11
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Tolmacheva AS, Ermakov EA, Buneva VN, Nevinsky GA. Substrate specificity of healthy human sera IgG antibodies with peroxidase and oxydoreductase activities. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:171097. [PMID: 29410824 PMCID: PMC5792901 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.171097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We have carried out an analysis of whether blood IgG antibodies can protect humans from oxidative stress by oxidizing different harmful compounds. A somewhat unexpected result was obtained. We show here for the first time that healthy human sera IgGs with the peroxidase (in the presence H2O2) efficiently oxidize different compounds: 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (1; DAB), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (2; ATBS), o-phenylenediamine (3; OPD), homovanillic acid (4; HVA), α-naphthol (5), 5-aminosalicylic acid (6; 5-ASA) and 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole (7; AEC), but seven of nine IgG preparations from different volunteers cannot oxidize p-hydroquinone (8: pHQ). The average apparent kcat values in the H2O2-dependent oxidation by human IgGs decreased in the following order (min-1): ATBS (73.7) ≥ DAB (66.3) > AEC (38.0) ≥ HVA (19.8) ≥ α-naphthol (8.6) > OPD (0.62) ≥ 5-ASA (0.48) > pHQ (0.24). In the absence of H2O2 (oxidoreductase activity), the relative average kcat values decreased in the following order (min-1): DAB (52.1) ≥ ATBS (50.5) > OPD (0.25). The peroxidase average activity of human IgGs was higher than the oxidoreductase one: 1.2-, 1.5- and 2.5-fold for DAB, ATBS and OPD, respectively. It should be assumed that antibodies can oxidize in addition to the large number of other different compounds analysed by us. As a whole, the specific wide repertoire of polyclonal human IgGs oxidizing various compounds could play an important role in protecting humans from oxidative stress and serve as an additional natural system destroying H2O2 and different toxic mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S. Tolmacheva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgeny A. Ermakov
- Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 8 Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova Street, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Valentina N. Buneva
- Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 8 Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova Street, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Georgy A. Nevinsky
- Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 8 Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova Street, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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12
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Buneva VN, Nevinsky GA. Exceptional Diversity of Catalytic Antibodies with Varying Activity in the Blood of Autoimmune and Viral Disease Patients. Mol Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893317060036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Abstract
The existence of catalytic antibodies has been known for decades. Natural antibodies capable of cleaving nucleic acid, protein, and polysaccharide substrates have been described. Although the discovery of catalytic antibodies initially aroused great interest because of their promise for the development of new catalysts, their enzymatic performance has been disappointing due to low reaction rates. However, in the areas of infection and immunity, where processes often occur over much longer times and involve high antibody concentrations, even low catalytic rates have the potential to influence biological outcomes. In this regard, the presence of catalytic antibodies recognizing host antigens has been associated with several autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, naturally occurring catalytic antibodies to microbial determinants have been correlated with resistance to infection. Recently, there has been substantial interest in harnessing the power of antibody-mediated catalysis against microbial antigens for host defense. Additional work is needed, however, to better understand the prevalence, function, and structural basis of catalytic activity in antibodies. Here we review the available information and suggest that antibody-mediated catalysis is a fertile area for study with broad applications in infection and immunity.
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Baranova SV, Dmitrienok PS, Ivanisenko NV, Buneva VN, Nevinsky GA. Antibodies to H2a and H2b histones from the sera of HIV-infected patients catalyze site-specific degradation of these histones. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 13:1090-1101. [PMID: 28426042 DOI: 10.1039/c7mb00042a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Histones and their post-translational modifications have key roles in chromatin remodeling and gene transcription. Besides intranuclear functions, histones act as damage-associated molecules when they are released into the extracellular space. Administration of histones to animals leads to systemic inflammatory and toxic responses. Autoantibodies with enzymatic activities (abzymes) are distinctive features of some autoimmune and viral diseases. Electrophoretically homogeneous IgGs containing no canonical enzymes were isolated from the sera of HIV-infected patients by chromatography on several affinity sorbents including anti-histone Sepharose. In contrast to canonical proteases (trypsin, chymotrypsin, proteinase K), IgGs from HIV-infected patients specifically hydrolyzed only histones but not many other tested globular proteins. Using MALDI mass spectrometry the sites of H2a and H2b histone cleavage by anti-histone IgGs were determined for the first time. One cluster of H2a hydrolysis contains two major (↕) and four moderate (↓) cleavage sites: 31-H↓R↓L↓L↓R↕K G↕N-38. One major and two moderate sites of cleavage were revealed in the second cluster: 14-A↕KSRS↓SRA↓G-22. The third cluster corresponding to the H2a C-terminal part contains only five minor (†) sites of cleavage: 82-H†LQLAIRNDEELN†KLLG†RV†T†I-102. It was shown that two major and four moderate sites of cleavage were present in the main cluster of H2b hydrolysis: 46-K↕QvhpD↓TgiS↓SkA↓M↕GiM↓N-63. Two moderate sites of cleavage correspond to a relatively short 6-mer cluster: 12-K↓GskK↓A-17. The third relatively long 9-mer cluster contains one major and two minor sites of H2b cleavage: 80-L↕AHYN†KRS†T-88. In the nucleosome core particle, most of the major and moderate cleavage sites are located at the H2a/H2b interaction interface. Minor cleavage sites of H2a are involved in binding with H3 in the nucleosome core. Two moderate cleavage sites of H2b and one major cleavage site of H2a are located in the disordered N-terminal region interacting with DNA. According to the crystal structure of the nucleosome core particle, all identified cleavage sites are expected to affect H2a and H2b folding, nucleosome assembly, and binding of H2a and H2b with DNA. The existence of H2a and H2b hydrolyzing abzymes may be very important for the further understanding of unknown possibilities of immune systems and biological functions of antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana V Baranova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave. 8, 630090, Russia.
| | - Pavel S Dmitrienok
- Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far East Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Nikita V Ivanisenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valentina N Buneva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave. 8, 630090, Russia.
| | - Georgy A Nevinsky
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave. 8, 630090, Russia.
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Baranova SV, Dmitrienok PS, Ivanisenko NV, Buneva VN, Nevinsky GA. Antibodies to H1 histone from the sera of HIV-infected patients recognize and catalyze site-specific degradation of this histone. J Mol Recognit 2016; 30. [PMID: 27862500 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Histones and their posttranslational modifications have key roles in chromatin remodeling and gene transcription. Besides intranuclear functions, histones act as damage-associated molecules when they are released into the extracellular space. Administration of histones to animals leads to systemic inflammatory and toxic responses. Autoantibodies with enzymatic activities (abzymes) are distinctive feature of some autoimmune and viral diseases. Electrophoretically and immunologically homogeneous IgGs containing no canonical enzymes were isolated from sera of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients by chromatography on several affinity sorbents. In contrast to canonical proteases (trypsin, chymotrypsin, and proteinase K), IgGs from human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients purified by affinity chromatography on Sepharose containing immobilized histones specifically recognized and hydrolyzed only histones but not many other tested globular proteins. Using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry, the sites of H1 histone (193 amino acids [AAs]) cleavage by anti-H1 histone IgGs were determined for the first time. It was shown that 1 cluster of 2 major and 4 moderate sites of cleavage is located at the beginning (106-112 AAs) of the known antigenic determinants disposed at the long C-terminal sequence of H1. Two clusters of minor and very weak sites of the protein cleavage correspond to middle (8 sites, 138-158 AAs) and terminal (5 sites, 166-176 AAs) parts of the antigenic determinants. It was shown that in contrast to canonical proteases, N-terminal part of H1 histone (1-136 AAs) containing no antigenic determinants is an unpredictably very resistant against hydrolysis by abzymes, while it can be easily cleavage by canonical proteases. Because histones act as damage-associated molecules, abzymes against H1 and other histones can play important role in pathogenesis of acquired immune deficiency syndrome and probably other different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana V Baranova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave. 8, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Pavel S Dmitrienok
- Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far East Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Nikita V Ivanisenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Lavrentiev Ave., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valentina N Buneva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave. 8, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Georgy A Nevinsky
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave. 8, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Wurtzler EM, Wendell D. Selective Photocatalytic Disinfection by Coupling StrepMiniSog to the Antibody Catalyzed Water Oxidation Pathway. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162577. [PMID: 27617441 PMCID: PMC5019378 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For several decades reactive oxygen species have been applied to water quality engineering and efficient disinfection strategies; however, these methods are limited by disinfection byproduct and catalyst-derived toxicity concerns which could be improved by selectively targeting contaminants of interest. Here we present a targeted photocatalytic system based on the fusion protein StrepMiniSOG that uses light within the visible spectrum to produce reactive oxygen species at a greater efficiency than current photosensitizers, allowing for shorter irradiation times from a fully biodegradable photocatalyst. The StrepMiniSOG photodisinfection system is unable to cross cell membranes and like other consumed proteins, can be degraded by endogenous digestive enzymes in the human gut, thereby reducing the consumption risks typically associated with other disinfection agents. We demonstrate specific, multi-log removal of Listeria monocytogenes from a mixed population of bacteria, establishing the StrepMiniSOG disinfection system as a valuable tool for targeted pathogen removal, while maintaining existing microbial biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M. Wurtzler
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - David Wendell
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Mahendra A, Peyron I, Thaunat O, Dollinger C, Gilardin L, Sharma M, Wootla B, Rao DN, Padiolleau-Lefevre S, Boquet D, More A, Varadarajan N, Kaveri SV, Legendre C, Lacroix-Desmazes S. Generation of Catalytic Antibodies Is an Intrinsic Property of an Individual's Immune System: A Study on a Large Cohort of Renal Transplant Patients. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:4075-81. [PMID: 27067006 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1403005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Renal transplant is the treatment of choice for patients with terminal end-stage renal disease. We have previously identified low levels of catalytic IgG as a potential prognosis marker for chronic allograft rejection. The origin and physiopathological relevance of catalytic Abs is not well understood, owing to the fact that catalytic Abs have been studied in relatively small cohorts of patients with rare diseases and/or without systematic follow-up. In the current study, we have followed the evolution of the levels of catalytic IgG in a large cohort of renal transplant patients over a 2-y period. Our results demonstrate that, prior to transplant, patients with renal failure present with heterogeneous levels of IgG hydrolyzing the generic proline-phenylalanine-arginine-methylcoumarinamide (PFR-MCA) substrate. PFR-MCA hydrolysis was greater for patients' IgG than for a therapeutic preparation of pooled IgG from healthy donors. Renal transplant was marked by a drastic decrease in levels of catalytic IgG over 3 mo followed by a steady increase during the next 21 mo. Patients who displayed high levels of catalytic IgG pretransplant recovered high levels of catalytic Abs 2 y posttransplant. Interestingly, IgG-mediated hydrolysis of a model protein substrate, procoagulant factor VIII, did not correlate with that of PFR-MCA prior transplantation, whereas it did 12 mo posttransplant. Taken together, our results suggest that the level of circulating catalytic IgG under pathological conditions is an intrinsic property of each individual's immune system and that recovery of pretransplant levels of catalytic IgG is accompanied by changes in the repertoire of target Ags.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Mahendra
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Université Paris 06, Unité Mixte de Recherche S1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France; INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche S1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité Mixte de Recherche S1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Ivan Peyron
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Université Paris 06, Unité Mixte de Recherche S1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France; INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche S1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité Mixte de Recherche S1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Thaunat
- INSERM, U1111, F-69007 Lyon, France; Service de Transplantation, Néphrologie et Immunologie Clinique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, F-69003 Lyon, France; Université de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | | | - Laurent Gilardin
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Université Paris 06, Unité Mixte de Recherche S1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France; INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche S1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité Mixte de Recherche S1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Meenu Sharma
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Université Paris 06, Unité Mixte de Recherche S1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France; INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche S1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité Mixte de Recherche S1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Bharath Wootla
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Desirazu N Rao
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Séverine Padiolleau-Lefevre
- Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, Formation de Recherche en Evolution 3580 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, F-60203 Compiègne, France
| | - Didier Boquet
- Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Anticorps pour la Santé, Commissariat a l'Énergie Atomique, Institut de Biologie et de Technologies de Saclay, Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Abhijit More
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204; Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204
| | - Navin Varadarajan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204; Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204
| | - Srini V Kaveri
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Université Paris 06, Unité Mixte de Recherche S1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France; INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche S1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité Mixte de Recherche S1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France; Laboratoire International Associé INSERM, F-75013 Paris, France; Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi 110029, India; and
| | - Christophe Legendre
- Service de Néphrologie-Transplantation, Hôpital Necker, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Lacroix-Desmazes
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Université Paris 06, Unité Mixte de Recherche S1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France; INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche S1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité Mixte de Recherche S1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France; Laboratoire International Associé INSERM, F-75013 Paris, France; Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi 110029, India; and
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Gunter SM, Jones KM, Zhan B, Essigmann HT, Murray KO, Garcia MN, Gorchakov R, Bottazzi ME, Hotez PJ, Brown EL. Identification and Characterization of the Trypanosoma cruzi B-cell Superantigen Tc24. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2015; 94:114-121. [PMID: 26598565 PMCID: PMC4710414 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi causes life-long disease after infection and leads to cardiac disease in 30% of infected individuals. After infection, the parasites are readily detectable in the blood during the first few days before disseminating to infect numerous cell types. Preliminary data suggested that the Tc24 protein that localizes to the T. cruzi membrane during all life stages possesses B-cell superantigenic properties. These antigens facilitate immune escape by interfering with antibody-mediated responses, particularly the avoidance of catalytic antibodies. These antibodies are an innate host defense mechanism present in the naive repertoire, and catalytic antibody–antigen binding results in hydrolysis of the target. We tested the B-cell superantigenic properties of Tc24 by comparing the degree of Tc24 hydrolysis by IgM purified from either Tc24 unexposed or exposed mice and humans. Respective samples were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, silver stained, and the degree of hydrolysis was measured. Data presented in this report suggest that the T. cruzi Tc24 is a B-cell superantigen based on the observations that 1) Tc24 was hydrolyzed by IgM present in serum of unexposed mice and humans and 2) exposure to Tc24 eliminated catalytic activity as early as 4 days after T. cruzi infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eric L. Brown
- *Address correspondence to Eric L. Brown, Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Texas School of Public Health, 1200 Pressler St. Houston, TX 77030. E-mail:
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20
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Ray A, Wang L, Dittel BN. IL-10-independent regulatory B-cell subsets and mechanisms of action. Int Immunol 2015; 27:531-6. [PMID: 25999596 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxv033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although classically B cells are known to play important roles in immune protection via humoral immunity, recently their regulatory mechanisms have been best appreciated in the context of autoimmunity. Several studies have identified different subsets of regulatory B cells that vary not only in their phenotype but also in their mechanism of action. Although the best-studied mechanism of B-cell immune regulation is IL-10 production, other IL-10-independent mechanisms have been proposed. These include maintenance of CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells; production of transforming growth factor-β, IL-35, IgM or adenosine or expression of PD-L1 (programmed death 1 ligand 1) or FasL (Fas ligand). Given that B-cell-targeted therapy is being increasingly used in the clinic, a complete understanding of the mechanisms whereby B cells regulate inflammation associated with specific diseases is required for designing safe and effective immunotherapies targeting B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Ray
- BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
| | - Luman Wang
- Department of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Biotherapy Research Center of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Bonnie N Dittel
- BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
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21
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Proteolytic activity of IgGs from blood serum of wistar rats at experimental rheumatoid arthritis. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2014. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj86.05.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Di Rosa R, Pietrosanti M, Luzi G, Salemi S, D'Amelio R. Polyclonal intravenous immunoglobulin: an important additional strategy in sepsis? Eur J Intern Med 2014; 25:511-6. [PMID: 24877856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis syndrome is characterized by a systemic inflammatory response to infection potentially leading to acute organ failure and rapid decline to death. Polyclonal intravenous immune globulin, a blood product derived from human donor blood, in addition to antiinfective activities, also exerts a broad antiinflammatory and immunomodulating effect. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) has been proposed as adjuvant therapy for sepsis even though the clinical studies demonstrating their efficacy and safety are relatively small. Several systematic reviews and meta-analyses of intravenous immunoglobulin treatment in sepsis have been performed. As a result of heterogeneity across studies and inconsistencies in results, the majority have concluded that more evidence, coming from large, well-conducted randomized controlled trials (RCTs), is required. Moreover the appropriate timing of administration and the identification of specific clinical settings represent a key factor to maximizing their beneficial effect. The authors, in this revision, review the basic mechanisms of action of IVIg, the rationale for their use, and their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Di Rosa
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, S. Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Rome, Italy.
| | - M Pietrosanti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, S. Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - G Luzi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, S. Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - S Salemi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, S. Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - R D'Amelio
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, S. Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Rome, Italy
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Kit Y, Korniy N, Kril I, Magorivska I, Tkachenko V, Bilyy R, Stoika R. Proteolytic activity of IgG-antibodies of mice, immunized by calf thymus histones. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2014. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj86.02.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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24
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Chester KA, Baker M, Mayer A. Overcoming the immunologic response to foreign enzymes in cancer therapy. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 1:549-59. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.1.4.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Dalloul A. B-cell-mediated strategies to fight chronic allograft rejection. Front Immunol 2013; 4:444. [PMID: 24381571 PMCID: PMC3865384 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid organs have been transplanted for decades. Since the improvement in graft selection and in medical and surgical procedures, the likelihood of graft function after 1 year is now close to 90%. Nonetheless even well-matched recipients continue to need medications for the rest of their lives hence adverse side effects and enhanced morbidity. Understanding Immune rejection mechanisms, is of increasing importance since the greater use of living-unrelated donors and genetically unmatched individuals. Chronic rejection is devoted to T-cells, however the role of B-cells in rejection has been appreciated recently by the observation that B-cell depletion improve graft survival. By contrast however, B-cells can be beneficial to the grafted tissue. This protective effect is secondary to either the secretion of protective antibodies or the induction of B-cells that restrain excessive inflammatory responses, chiefly by local provision of IL-10, or inhibit effector T-cells by direct cellular interactions. As a proof of concept B-cell-mediated infectious transplantation tolerance could be achieved in animal models, and evidence emerged that the presence of such B-cells in transplanted patients correlate with a favorable outcome. Among these populations, regulatory B-cells constitute a recently described population. These cells may develop as a feedback mechanism to prevent uncontrolled reactivity to antigens and inflammatory stimuli. The difficult task for the clinician, is to quantify the respective ratios and functions of “tolerant” vs. effector B-cells within a transplanted organ, at a given time point in order to modulate B-cell-directed therapy. Several receptors at the B-cell membrane as well as signaling molecules, can now be targeted for this purpose. Understanding the temporal expansion of regulatory B-cells in grafted patients and the stimuli that activate them will help in the future to implement specific strategies aimed at fighting chronic allograft rejection.
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IVIg treatment reduces catalytic antibody titers of renal transplanted patients. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70731. [PMID: 23967092 PMCID: PMC3744545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalytic antibodies are immunoglobulins endowed with enzymatic activity. Catalytic IgG has been reported in several human autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. In particular, low levels of catalytic IgG have been proposed as a prognostic marker for chronic allograft rejection in patients undergoing kidney transplant. Kidney allograft is a treatment of choice for patients with end-stage renal failure. Intravenous immunoglobulins, a therapeutic pool of human IgG, is used in patients with donor-specific antibodies, alone or in conjunction with other immunosuppressive treatments, to desensitize the patients and prevent the development of acute graft rejection. Here, we followed for a period of 24 months the levels of catalytic IgG towards the synthetic peptide Pro-Phe-Arg-methylcoumarinimide in a large cohort of patients undergoing kidney transplantation. Twenty-four percent of the patients received IVIg at the time of transplantation. Our results demonstrate a marked reduction in levels of catalytic antibodies in all patients three months following kidney transplant. The decrease was significantly pronounced in patients receiving adjunct IVIg therapy. The results suggests that prevention of acute graft rejection using intravenous immunoglobulins induces a transient reduction in the levels of catalytic IgG, thus potentially jeopardizing the use of levels of catalytic antibodies as a prognosis marker for chronic allograft nephropathy.
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27
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Mahendra A, Sharma M, Rao DN, Peyron I, Planchais C, Dimitrov JD, Kaveri SV, Lacroix-Desmazes S. Antibody-mediated catalysis: Induction and therapeutic relevance. Autoimmun Rev 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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28
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Buneva VN, Krasnorutskii MA, Nevinsky GA. Natural antibodies to nucleic acids. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2013; 78:127-143. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297913020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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29
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Grosbois SS, Brionne MF, de Longcamp ALF, Gautier P, V Kaveri S, Borel-Derlon A, Repessé Y. Hydrolysis of factor VIII mediated by catalytic antibodies occurs in haemophilia A patients with or without factor VIII inhibitors. Haemophilia 2012; 19:322-9. [PMID: 23216758 DOI: 10.1111/hae.12067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The major complication of the substitutive treatment of haemophilia A (HA) is the development of antifactor VIII (FVIII) antibodies. Most of these antibodies neutralize FVIII procoagulant activity, and are identified as FVIII inhibitor. A subgroup of these antibodies, 'catalytic antibodies', catalyses the FVIII hydrolysis. We investigated the frequency and the activity of catalytic antibodies, according to the phenotype of HA and the presence or absence of FVIII inhibitor. IgG from 16 patients with inhibitor and 17 patients without inhibitor were purified. Rates of FVIII hydrolysis and inhibitor titres were evaluated. Anti-FVIII catalytic antibodies were detected in 63.6% of patients with HA, irrespective of the HA phenotype and the presence of FVIII inhibitor. The frequency was significantly higher for severe HA patients (73.3%) and patients with inhibitor (87.5%), but their FVIII-proteolytic activity was not significantly different from patients with mild or moderate HA and patients without inhibitor. The evolution of both catalytic and inhibitory activities was studied for 11 patients with FVIII inhibitor. We observed two profiles. In the profile 1, 18.2% of patients, the catalytic activity and the inhibitor titre coevolved. In contrast, a dissociated evolution of these two parameters was observed in 72.8% patients in profile 2. These data confirm the importance of anti-FVIII catalytic activity in patients with severe, moderate and mild HA. Interestingly, most of the patients presented a dissociated profile, suggesting that anti-FVIII antibodies might not systematically act as FVIII inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Grosbois
- Department of Hematology, CHU de Caen, Caen, France
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30
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Parkhomenko TA, Buneva VN, Doronin BM, Volkova MV, Senkovich SA, Generalov II, Nevinsky GA. IgGs containing λ- and κ-type light chains and of all subclasses (IgG1-IgG4) from the sera of patients with autoimmune diseases and viral and bacterial infections hydrolyze DNA. J Mol Recognit 2012; 25:383-92. [PMID: 22733547 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We present the first evidence demonstrating that small fractions of IgGs of all four subclasses (IgG1-IgG4) from patients with viral (tick-borne encephalitis), bacterial infections (streptococcal infection or erysipelas), and suppurative surgical infections caused by epidermal staphylococci as well as from patients with autoimmune diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus and multiple sclerosis) are catalytically active in the hydrolysis of supercoiled DNA. The hydrolysis of DNA was analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The catalytic activities of nonfractionated IgGs increased in the following order: tick-borne encephalitis < suppurative surgical infection < streptococcal infection < multiple sclerosis < systemic lupus erythematosus, whereas IgGs of healthy donors were inactive. However, the pools of antibodies corresponding to any particular disease were characterized by a specific ratio of IgGs of all four subclasses (IgG1-IgG4) and IgGs containing λ- and κ-type light chains, and each of these subfractions of immunoglobulins demonstrated characteristic relative DNase activity. The relative activities of IgGs containing λ-type light chains may on average be higher, lower, or comparable with those for IgGs with κ-type light chains. The relative contributions of IgGs of different subclasses to the total activity of IgGs also varied widely in the case of various diseases: IgG1 (7%-45%), IgG2 (0.4%-73%), IgG3 (0%-12%), and IgG4 (9%-66%). Thus, immune systems of patients with different diseases can generate a variety of anti-DNA abzymes of different types and with different catalytic properties, which can play an important role in the pathogenesis or protection from the development of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisiya A Parkhomenko
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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31
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Sapparapu G, Planque S, Mitsuda Y, McLean G, Nishiyama Y, Paul S. Constant domain-regulated antibody catalysis. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:36096-104. [PMID: 22948159 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.401075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Some antibodies contain variable (V) domain catalytic sites. We report the superior amide and peptide bond-hydrolyzing activity of the same heavy and light chain V domains expressed in the IgM constant domain scaffold compared with the IgG scaffold. The superior catalytic activity of recombinant IgM was evident using two substrates, a small model peptide that is hydrolyzed without involvement of high affinity epitope binding, and HIV gp120, which is recognized specifically by noncovalent means prior to the hydrolytic reaction. The catalytic activity was inhibited by an electrophilic phosphonate diester, consistent with a nucleophilic catalytic mechanism. All 13 monoclonal IgMs tested displayed robust hydrolytic activities varying over a 91-fold range, consistent with expression of the catalytic functions at distinct levels by different V domains. The catalytic activity of polyclonal IgM was superior to polyclonal IgG from the same sera, indicating that on average IgMs express the catalytic function at levels greater than IgGs. The findings indicate a favorable effect of the remote IgM constant domain scaffold on the integrity of the V-domain catalytic site and provide a structural basis for conceiving antibody catalysis as a first line immune function expressed at high levels prior to development of mature IgG class antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Sapparapu
- Chemical Immunology Research Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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32
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Bezuglova AM, Konenkova LP, Buneva VN, Nevinsky GA. IgGs containing light chains of the λ- and κ- type and of all subclasses (IgG1-IgG4) from the sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus hydrolyze myelin basic protein. Int Immunol 2012; 24:759-70. [PMID: 22899672 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxs071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human myelin basic protein (hMBP)-hydrolyzing activity was recently shown to be an intrinsic property of antibodies from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Here, we present the first evidence demonstrating a significant diversity of different fractions of polyclonal IgGs (pIgGs) from SLE patients in their affinity for hMBP and in the ability of pIgGs to hydrolyze hMBP at different optimal pH values (5.3-9.5); the pH profiles of IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 were unique. IgGs containing the λ-type of light chains demonstrated higher relative activities (RAs) in the hydrolysis of hMBP and its oligopeptides (OPs) than κ-IgGs. IgGs of all four subclasses were catalytically active; their RAs in the hydrolysis of hMBP increased in the following order: IgG4 < IgG2 < IgG3 < IgG1. Metal-dependent proteolytic activity of λ-IgG, IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3 was higher than their serine protease-like activity, while these activities of κ-IgG were comparable. Phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride had almost no effect on the activity of IgG4, while EDTA significantly suppressed its activity. The RAs of λ-IgG in the hydrolysis of four OPs corresponding to different cleavage sites of hMBP were remarkably higher than those for κ-IgGs. IgG1-IgG4 demonstrated different RAs and patterns of hydrolysis of these four OPs. Although combination of Ca²⁺ plus Mg²⁺ was the best in the activation of IgG1 and IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 demonstrated the highest activity in the presence of Ca²⁺ plus Co²⁺. The ratio of the RAs of λ-IgG, κ-IgG and IgG1-IgG4 preparations in all analyzed cases was individual for each preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Bezuglova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Medical Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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33
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Wootla B, Denic A, Warrington AE, Rodriguez M. Need for a paradigm shift in therapeutic approaches to CNS injury. Expert Rev Neurother 2012; 12:409-20. [PMID: 22449213 DOI: 10.1586/ern.12.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Irreversible damage to the nervous system can result from many causes including trauma, disruption of blood supply, pathogen infection or neurodegenerative disease. Common features following CNS injury include a disruption of axons, neuron death and injury, local B-cell and microglial activation, and the synthesis of pathogenic autoantibodies. CNS injury results in a pervasive inhibitory microenvironment that hinders regeneration. Current approaches to eliminate the inhibitory environment have met with limited success. These results argue for a paradigm shift in therapeutic approaches to CNS injury. Targeting CNS cells (neurons, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes) themselves may drive CNS repair. For example, our group and others have demonstrated that autoreactive antibodies can participate in aspects of CNS regeneration, including remyelination. We have developed recombinant autoreactive natural human IgM antibodies with the therapeutic potential for CNS repair in several neurologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharath Wootla
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Belogurov A, Smirnov I, Ponomarenko N, Gabibov A. Antibody-antigen pair probed by combinatorial approach and rational design: bringing together structural insights, directed evolution, and novel functionality. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:2966-73. [PMID: 22841717 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The unique hypervariability of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily provides a means to create both binding and catalytic antibodies with almost any desired specificity and activity. The diversity of antigens and concept of adaptive response suggest that it is possible to find an antigen pair to any raised Ig. In the current review we discuss combinatorial approaches, which makes it possible to obtain an antibody with predefined properties, followed by 3D structure-based rational design to enhance or dramatically change its characteristics. A similar strategy, but applied to the second partner of the antibody-antigen pair, may result in selection of complementary substrates to the chosen Ig. Finally, 2D screening may be performed solving the "Chicken and Egg" problem when neither antibody nor antigen is known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Belogurov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia
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35
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Odintsova ES, Baranova SV, Dmitrenok PS, Calmels C, Parissi V, Andreola ML, Buneva VN, Nevinsky GA. Anti-integrase abzymes from the sera of HIV-infected patients specifically hydrolyze integrase but nonspecifically cleave short oligopeptides. J Mol Recognit 2012; 25:193-207. [PMID: 22434709 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to canonical proteases, total immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies (Abs) from HIV-infected patients hydrolyze effectively only HIV integrase (IN), reverse transcriptase (RT), human casein, and serum albumin. Anti-IN IgG and IgM isolated by chromatography on IN-Sepharose hydrolyze specifically only IN but not many other tested proteins. Total Abs from HIV-infected patients hydrolyze not only globular proteins but also different specific and nonspecific tri-, tetra-, and 20- to 25-mer oligopeptides (OPs) with a higher rate than anti-IN Abs isolated using IN-Sepharose. A similar situation was observed for IgG from patients with multiple sclerosis and HIV-infected patients, which after purification on myelin basic protein (MBP)-Sepharose and RT-Sepharose specifically hydrolyze only MBP and RT, respectively. The active sites of all anti-protein abzymes are localized on their light chains, whereas the heavy chain is responsible for the affinity of protein substrates. Interactions of intact globular proteins with both light and heavy chains of abzymes provide the specificity of protein hydrolysis. The affinity of anti-IN and anti-MBP abzymes for intact IN and MBP is approximately 10(2)- to 10(5)-fold higher than for short and long specific and nonspecific OPs. The data suggest that all OPs interact mainly with the light chain of different Abs, which possesses a lower affinity for substrates, and therefore, depending on the OP sequences, their hydrolysis may be less specific or completely nonspecific. The data indicate that the relative activity of Abs not fractionated on specific protein sorbents in the hydrolysis of specific and nonspecific OPs can correspond to an average proteolytic activity of light chains of polyclonal Abs directed against many different proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena S Odintsova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave. 8, 630090, Russia
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36
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Baranova SV, Buneva VN, Kharitonova MA, Sizyakina LP, Zakharova OD, Nevinsky GA. Diversity of integrase-hydrolyzing IgGs and IgMs from sera of HIV-infected patients. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2012; 76:1300-11. [PMID: 22150275 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297911120030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
It was previously shown that small fractions of IgGs and IgMs from the sera of AIDS patients specifically hydrolyze only HIV integrase (IN) but not many other tested proteins. Here we present evidence showing that these IgGs and IgMs are extreme catalytically heterogeneous. Affinity chromatography on IN-Sepharose using elution of IgGs (or IgMs) with different concentration of NaCl and acidic buffer separated catalytic antibodies (ABs) into many AB subfractions demonstrating different values of K(m) for IN and k(cat). Nonfractionated IgGs and IgMs possess serine-, thiol-, acidic-like, and metal-dependent proteolytic activity. Metal-dependent activity of abzymes increases in the presence of ions of different metals. In contrast to canonical proteases having one pH optimum, initial nonfractionated IgGs and IgMs demonstrate several optima at pH from 3 to 10. The data obtained show that IN-hydrolyzing polyclonal IgG and IgM of HIV-infected patients are cocktails of anti-IN ABs with different structure of the active centers possessing various affinity to IN, pH optima, and relative rates of the specific substrate hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Baranova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Lavrentieva 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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37
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Thaunat O. Humoral immunity in chronic allograft rejection: Puzzle pieces come together. Transpl Immunol 2012; 26:101-6. [PMID: 22108536 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Revised: 11/05/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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38
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Odintsova ES, Baranova SV, Buneva VN, Calmels C, Parissi V, Andreola ML, Zakharova OD, Nevinsky GA. Catalytic antibodies from HIV-infected patients specifically hydrolyzing viral integrase suppress the enzyme catalytic activities. J Mol Recognit 2012; 24:1067-76. [PMID: 22038813 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.1155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase (IN) catalyzes integration of a DNA copy of the viral genome into the host genome. It was shown previously that IN preincubation with various oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) induces formation of dimers and oligomers of different gyration radii; only specific ODNs stimulate the formation of catalytically active dimers. Here we have shown that preincubation of IN with specific and nonspecific ODNs leads to a significant and comparable decrease in its hydrolysis by chymotrypsin, while nonspecific ODNs protect the enzyme from the hydrolysis by trypsin worse than specific ODNs; all ODNs had little effect on the IN hydrolysis by proteinase K. In contrast to canonical proteweases, IgGs from HIV-infected patients specifically hydrolyze only IN. While d(pT)(n) markedly decreased the IgG-dependent hydrolysis of IN, d(pA)(n) and d(pA)(n) •d(pT)(n) demonstrated no detectable protective effect. The best protection from the hydrolysis by IgGs was observed for specific single- and especially double-stranded ODNs. Although IN was considerably protected by specific ODNs, proteolytic IgGs and IgMs significantly suppressed both 3'-processing and integration reaction catalyzed by IN. Since anti-IN IgGs and IgMs can efficiently hydrolyze IN, a positive role of abzymes in counteracting the infection cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena S Odintsova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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39
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Bezuglova AM, Konenkova LP, Doronin BM, Buneva VN, Nevinsky GA. Affinity and catalytic heterogeneity and metal-dependence of polyclonal myelin basic protein-hydrolyzing IgGs from sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Mol Recognit 2012; 24:960-74. [PMID: 22038803 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.1143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
It was shown using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that titers of antibodies against human myelin basic protein (hMBP) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients 4.2-fold higher than in healthy individuals, but 2.1-fold lower than in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Approximately 86% electrophoretically and immunologically homogeneous SLE immunoglobulin Gs (IgGs) purified using several affinity resins including Sepharose with immobilized hMBP specifically hydrolyze only hMBP but not many other tested proteins. Several rigid criteria were applied to show that the hMBP-hydrolyzing activity is an intrinsic property of SLE IgGs but not from healthy donors. In contrast to MS IgGs, abzymes from SLE patients are more sensitive to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and less sensitive to specific inhibitors of serine-like proteases. We present the first evidence demonstrating a significant diversity of different fractions of SLE IgGs in their affinity for hMBP-Sepharose, the ability of IgGs to hydrolyze hMBP at different optimal pHs (5-10) and be activated by different metal ions: Ca(2+) > Mg(2+) ≥ Co(2+) ≥ Fe(2+) ≥ Ni(2+) ≥ Zn(2+) ≥ Cu(2+) ≥ Mn(2+) . Combinations of Ca(2+) + Mg(2+) and Ca(2+) + Co(2) lead to a significant increase in the antibody proteolytic activity as compared with Ca(2+) , Co(2+) , or Mg(2+) ions taken separately. Our findings suggest that the immune systems of individual SLE similar to MS patients can generate a variety of anti-hMBP abzymes with different catalytic properties, which can attack hMBP of myelin-proteolipid shell of axons and play an important role in pathogenesis not only MS but also SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Bezuglova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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40
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Brown EL, Nishiyama Y, Dunkle JW, Aggarwal S, Planque S, Watanabe K, Csencsits-Smith K, Bowden MG, Kaplan SL, Paul S. Constitutive production of catalytic antibodies to a Staphylococcus aureus virulence factor and effect of infection. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:9940-9951. [PMID: 22303018 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.330043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies that recognize microbial B lymphocyte superantigenic epitopes are produced constitutively with no requirement for adaptive immune maturation. We report cleavage of the Staphylococcus aureus virulence factor extracellular fibrinogen-binding protein (Efb) by catalytic antibodies produced with no exposure to the bacterium and reduction of the catalytic antibody activity following infection. IgG catalytic antibodies that specifically hydrolyzed Efb via a nucleophilic catalytic mechanism were found in the blood of healthy humans and aseptic mice free of S. aureus infection. IgG hydrolyzed peptide bonds on the C-terminal side of basic amino acids, including a bond located within the C3b-binding domain of Efb. Efb digested with the IgG lost its ability to bind C3b and inhibit complement-dependent antibody-mediated red blood cell lysis. In addition to catalysis, the IgG expressed saturable Efb binding activity. IgG from S. aureus-infected mice displayed reduced Efb cleaving activity and increased Efb binding activity compared with uninfected controls, suggesting differing effects of the infection on the antibody subsets responsible for the two activities. IgG from children hospitalized for S. aureus infection also displayed reduced Efb cleavage compared with healthy children. These data suggest a potential defense function for constitutively produced catalytic antibodies to a putative superantigenic site of Efb, but an adaptive catalytic response appears to be proscribed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric L Brown
- Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas 77030,; Department of Extracellular Matrix Biology, The Texas A&M University Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, Texas 77030, and.
| | - Yasuhiro Nishiyama
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Chemical Immunology Research Center, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Jesse W Dunkle
- Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Shreya Aggarwal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Chemical Immunology Research Center, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Stephanie Planque
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Chemical Immunology Research Center, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Chemical Immunology Research Center, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Keri Csencsits-Smith
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Chemical Immunology Research Center, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - M Gabriela Bowden
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Chemical Immunology Research Center, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Sheldon L Kaplan
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and the Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Sudhir Paul
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Chemical Immunology Research Center, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030,.
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Paul S, Planque SA, Nishiyama Y, Hanson CV, Massey RJ. Nature and nurture of catalytic antibodies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 750:56-75. [PMID: 22903666 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-3461-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulins (antibodies) frequently express constitutive functions. Two such functions are nucleophilic catalysis and the reversible binding to B-cell superantigens. Constitutive or "naturally-occurring" antibodies are produced spontaneously from germline genetic information. The antibody structural elements mediating the constitutive functions have originated over millions of years of phylogenic evolution, contrasting with antigen-driven, somatic sequence diversification of the complementarity determining regions (CDR) that underlies the better-known high affinity antigen binding function of antibodies. Often, the framework regions (FRs) play a dominant role in antibody constitutive functions. Catalytic antibody subsets with promiscuous, autoantigen-directed and microbe-directed specificities have been identified. Mucosal antibodies may be specialized to express high-level catalytic activity against microbes transmitted by the mucosal route, exemplified by constitutive production of IgA class antibodies in mucosal secretions that catalyze the cleavage of HIV gp120. Catalytic specificity can be gained by constitutive noncovalent superantigen binding at the FRs and by adaptive development of noncovalent classical antigen or superantigen binding, respectively, at the CDRs and FRs. Growing evidence suggests important functional roles for catalytic antibodies in homeostasis, autoimmune disease and protection against infection. Adaptive antibody responses to microbial superantigens are proscribed underphysiological circumstances. Covalent electrophilic immunogen binding to constitutively expressed nucleophilic sites in B-cell receptors bypasses the restriction on adaptive antibody production, and simultaneous occupancy of the CDR binding site by a stimulatory antigenic epitope can also overcome the downregulatory effect of superantigen binding at the FRs. These concepts may be useful for developing novel vaccines that capitalize and improve on constitutive antibody functions for protection against microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Paul
- Chemical Immunology Research Center, Department of Pathology, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Texas, USA.
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42
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Mahendra A, Padiolleau-Lefevre S, Kaveri SV, Lacroix-Desmazes S. Do proteolytic antibodies complete the panoply of the autoimmune response in acquired haemophilia A? Br J Haematol 2011; 156:3-12. [PMID: 21988190 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2011.08890.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Acquired haemophilia A (AHA) is a rare bleeding disorder characterized by the sudden generation of autoantibodies against factor VIII (FVIII) in individuals with no previous history of abnormal haemostasis. Understanding the pathogenesis of this disease has been hampered by the rarity of the patients and the difficulty in obtaining biological material from untreated patients. Still, progress has been made recently in understanding the pathogenesis of AHA. In particular, the importance of CD4(+) T cells in AHA development has been documented and the epitopes targeted by T cells on FVIII have been delineated. Accordingly, a polymorphism in the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 gene (CTLA4), known to participate in the regulation of CD4(+) T-cell responses, and a preferential usage of certain human leukocyte antigen class II haplotypes, have been associated with the disease. Recent findings have documented the presence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) with proteolytic activity against FVIII and factor IX (FIX) in patients with AHA. While FVIII-hydrolysing IgG has been shown to inactivate FVIII, FIX-hydrolysing IgG from AHA patients activate FIX in vitro. Here, we describe the latest findings on the immuno-pathogenesis of AHA, with a special focus on the potential role played by antibodies endowed with proteolytic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Mahendra
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR S 872, Paris, France
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43
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Lakota K, Zigon P, Mrak-Poljsak K, Rozman B, Shoenfeld Y, Sodin-Semrl S. Antibodies against acute phase proteins and their functions in the pathogenesis of disease: A collective profile of 25 different antibodies. Autoimmun Rev 2011; 10:779-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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44
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Odintsova ES, Baranova SV, Dmitrenok PS, Rasskazov VA, Calmels C, Parissi V, Andreola ML, Buneva VN, Zakharova OD, Nevinsky GA. Antibodies to HIV integrase catalyze site-specific degradation of their antigen. Int Immunol 2011; 23:601-12. [DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxr065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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45
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Zein HS, El-Sehemy AA, Fares MO, ElHefnawi M, Teixeira da Silva JA, Miyatake K. Generation, characterization, and docking studies of DNA-hydrolyzing recombinant Fab antibodies. J Mol Recognit 2011; 24:862-74. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.1129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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46
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Wootla B, Lacroix-Desmazes S, Warrington AE, Bieber AJ, Kaveri SV, Rodriguez M. Autoantibodies with enzymatic properties in human autoimmune diseases. J Autoimmun 2011; 37:144-50. [PMID: 21624820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2011.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulins (Ig) or antibodies are heavy plasma proteins, with sugar chains added to amino acid residues by N-linked glycosylation and occasionally by O-linked glycosylation. The versatility of antibodies is demonstrated by the various functions that they mediate such as neutralization, agglutination, fixation with activation of complement and activation of effector cells. In addition to this plethora of functions, some antibodies express enzymatic activity. Antibodies endowed with enzymatic properties have been described in human autoimmune manifestations in a variety of disorders such as autoimmune thyroiditis, systemic erythematosus (SLE), scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS) and acquired hemophilia (AH). Antibodies isolated from these conditions were able to specifically hydrolyze thyroglobulin, DNA, RNA, myelin basic protein (MBP), and factor VIII (FVIII) or factor IX (FIX), respectively. The therapeutic relevance of these findings is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharath Wootla
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Barnay-Verdier S, Fattoum L, Borde C, Kaveri S, Gibot S, Maréchal V. Emergence of autoantibodies to HMGB1 is associated with survival in patients with septic shock. Intensive Care Med 2011; 37:957-62. [PMID: 21359606 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-011-2192-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the prevalence and predictive value of natural autoantibodies to high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) during sepsis. METHODS Anti-HMGB1 and anti-human serum albumin (HSA) autoantibodies were detected by ELISA in 178 plasma samples longitudinally collected from 40 critically ill patients with septic shock. One hundred thirty-two plasma samples from healthy donors were used as control. RESULTS IgGs to HMGB1 were detected in 15/40 patients (37.5%). The prevalence of anti-HMGB1 antibodies was significantly higher in the patients who survived (55%) compared to the patients who did not (20%) (p<0.0001). The detection of anti-HMGB1 antibodies during the course of the disease was significantly associated with patient survival (p=0.038). Moreover, there is a progressive and significant emergence of anti-HMGB1 antibodies during the course of the disease, mostly in patients who survived. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that autoantibodies to HMGB1 are produced during sepsis and are associated with a favorable outcome in patients undergoing septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Barnay-Verdier
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMRS 872, escalier F 2ème étage, 15 rue de l'école de médecine, Paris 75006, France.
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Parkhomenko TA, Legostaeva GA, Doronin BM, Buneva VN, Nevinsky GA. IgGs containing light chains of the lambda and kappa type and of all subclasses (IgG1-IgG4) from sera of patients with multiple sclerosis hydrolyze DNA. J Mol Recognit 2010; 23:486-94. [PMID: 20119969 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.1016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We present the first evidence demonstrating that small fractions of IgGs of all four subclasses (IgG1-IgG4) are catalytically active in the hydrolysis of DNA and on average their relative activity (nM supercoiled DNA/1mg IgG/1 h) increases in the order: IgG1 (0.58) < IgG2 (0.94) < IgG3 (1.4) < IgG4 (4.1), while their approximate relative contribution to the total activity of abzymes increases in the order: IgG1 (6.9%) < IgG3 (9.3%) < IgG2 (18.2%) < IgG4 (65.6%). On average IgGs containing light chains of the lambda-type are severalfold more active in the hydrolysis of DNA than IgGs with light chains of the kappa-type. Using different physicochemical methods of antibody analysis we have shown that the immune system of multiple sclerosis patients generates a variety of anti-DNA abzymes of different type and with different catalytic properties, which can play an important role in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisiya A Parkhomenko
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Abstract
Acquired hemophilia is a rare bleeding disorder characterized by the spontaneous occurrence of inhibitory antibodies against endogenous factor VIII (FVIII). IgG from some patients with acquired hemophilia hydrolyze FVIII. Because of the complex etiology of the disease, no clinical parameter, including the presence of FVIII-hydrolyzing IgG, has been associated with patient's survival or death. Here, we demonstrate the presence of anti-FIX antibodies in acquired hemophilia patients. IgG from some patients were found to hydrolyze FIX. In most cases, IgG-mediated FIX-hydrolysis resulted in FIX activation. IgG-mediated hydrolysis of FIX thus led to the significant generation of activated FIX in 25 of 65 patients. Based on the estimated kinetic parameters, patients' IgG activated up to 0.3nM FIX in 24 hours, an amount that restored thrombin generation in vitro provided the presence of more than or equal to 3% residual FVIII activity in plasma. This work identifies proteolytic IgG as novel molecules able to activate FIX under pathologic conditions. IgG-mediated FIX activation is a prevalent phenomenon among acquired hemophilia patients. The presence of FIX-activating IgG may partly compensate for the antibody-mediated inhibition of endogenous FVIII in restoring thrombin generation. This clinical trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00213473.
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