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Shoemaker R, Huang MF, Wu YS, Huang CS, Lee DF. Decoding the molecular symphony: interactions between the m 6A and p53 signaling pathways in cancer. NAR Cancer 2024; 6:zcae037. [PMID: 39329012 PMCID: PMC11426327 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcae037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor gene governs a multitude of complex cellular processes that are essential for anti-cancer function and whose dysregulation leads to aberrant gene transcription, activation of oncogenic signaling and cancer development. Although mutations can occur at any point in the genetic sequence, missense mutations comprise the majority of observed p53 mutations in cancers regardless of whether the mutation is germline or somatic. One biological process involved in both mutant and wild-type p53 signaling is the N 6-methyladenosine (m6A) epitranscriptomic network, a type of post-transcriptional modification involved in over half of all eukaryotic mRNAs. Recently, a significant number of findings have demonstrated unique interactions between p53 and the m6A epitranscriptomic network in a variety of cancer types, shedding light on a previously uncharacterized connection that causes significant dysregulation. Cross-talk between wild-type or mutant p53 and the m6A readers, writers and erasers has been shown to impact cellular function and induce cancer formation by influencing various cancer hallmarks. Here, this review aims to summarize the complex interplay between the m6A epitranscriptome and p53 signaling pathway, highlighting its effects on tumorigenesis and other hallmarks of cancer, as well as identifying its therapeutic implications for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Shoemaker
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mo-Fan Huang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ying-Si Wu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Shuo Huang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Dung-Fang Lee
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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2
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Chia KH, Takaki H, Fujimitsu K, Darling S, Zou J, Rappsilber J, Yamano H. CDK1-PP2A-B55 interplay ensures cell cycle oscillation via Apc1-loop 300. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114155. [PMID: 38678563 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle control relies on a delicate balance of phosphorylation with CDK1 and phosphatases like PP1 and PP2A-B55. Yet, identifying the primary substrate responsible for cell cycle oscillations remains a challenge. We uncover the pivotal role of phospho-regulation in the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), particularly through the Apc1-loop300 domain (Apc1-300L), orchestrated by CDK1 and PP2A-B55. Premature activation of PP2A-B55 during mitosis, induced by Greatwall kinase depletion, leads to Apc1-300L dephosphorylation, stalling APC/C activity and delaying Cyclin B degradation. This effect can be counteracted using the B55-specific inhibitor pEnsa or by removing Apc1-300L. We also show Cdc20's dynamic APC/C interaction across cell cycle stages, but dephosphorylation of Apc1-300L specifically inhibits further Cdc20 recruitment. Our study underscores APC/C's central role in cell cycle oscillation, identifying it as a primary substrate regulated by the CDK-PP2A partnership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Hou Chia
- Cell Cycle Control Group, University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Hiroko Takaki
- Cell Cycle Control Group, University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Kazuyuki Fujimitsu
- Cell Cycle Control Group, University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Sarah Darling
- Cell Cycle Control Group, University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Juan Zou
- University of Edinburgh, Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Juri Rappsilber
- University of Edinburgh, Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK; Technische Universität Berlin, Chair of Bioanalytics, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hiroyuki Yamano
- Cell Cycle Control Group, University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK.
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Szymański M, Bonowicz K, Antosik P, Jerka D, Głowacka M, Soroka M, Steinbrink K, Kleszczyński K, Gagat M. Role of Cyclins and Cytoskeletal Proteins in Endometriosis: Insights into Pathophysiology. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:836. [PMID: 38398227 PMCID: PMC10886501 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a gynecological condition where endometrium-like tissue grows outside the uterus, posing challenges in understanding and treatment. This article delves into the deep cellular and molecular processes underlying endometriosis, with a focus on the crucial roles played by cyclins and cytoskeletal proteins in its pathogenesis, particularly in the context of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). The investigation begins by examining the activities of cyclins, elucidating their diverse biological roles such as cell cycle control, proliferation, evasion of apoptosis, and angiogenesis among ectopic endometrial cells. A comprehensive analysis of cytoskeletal proteins follows, emphasizing their fundamental biological roles and their specific significance to endometriotic cell features. This review sheds light on the interconnected pathways through which cyclins and cytoskeletal proteins converge, contributing to the genesis and progression of endometriosis. Understanding these molecular complexities not only provides insight into the underlying causes of the disease but also holds promise for the development of specific therapeutic approaches, ushering in a new era in the management of this devastating disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Szymański
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.S.); (K.B.); (D.J.)
| | - Klaudia Bonowicz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.S.); (K.B.); (D.J.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Mazovian Academy in Płock, 08-110 Płock, Poland; (M.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Paulina Antosik
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Dominika Jerka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.S.); (K.B.); (D.J.)
| | - Mariola Głowacka
- Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Mazovian Academy in Płock, 08-110 Płock, Poland; (M.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Małgorzata Soroka
- Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Mazovian Academy in Płock, 08-110 Płock, Poland; (M.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Kerstin Steinbrink
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149 Münster, Germany; (K.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Konrad Kleszczyński
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149 Münster, Germany; (K.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Maciej Gagat
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.S.); (K.B.); (D.J.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Mazovian Academy in Płock, 08-110 Płock, Poland; (M.G.); (M.S.)
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4
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Soeda S, Oyama M, Kozuka-Hata H, Yamamoto T. The CCR4-NOT complex suppresses untimely translational activation of maternal mRNAs. Development 2023; 150:dev201773. [PMID: 37767629 PMCID: PMC10617601 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Control of mRNA poly(A) tails is essential for regulation of mRNA metabolism, specifically translation efficiency and mRNA stability. Gene expression in maturing oocytes relies largely on post-transcriptional regulation, as genes are transcriptionally silent during oocyte maturation. The CCR4-NOT complex is a major mammalian deadenylase, which regulates poly(A) tails of maternal mRNAs; however, the function of the CCR4-NOT complex in translational regulation has not been well understood. Here, we show that this complex suppresses translational activity of maternal mRNAs during oocyte maturation. Oocytes lacking all CCR4-NOT deadenylase activity owing to genetic deletion of its catalytic subunits, Cnot7 and Cnot8, showed a large-scale gene expression change caused by increased translational activity during oocyte maturation. Developmental arrest during meiosis I in these oocytes resulted in sterility of oocyte-specific Cnot7 and Cnot8 knockout female mice. We further showed that recruitment of CCR4-NOT to maternal mRNAs is mediated by the 3'UTR element CPE, which suppresses translational activation of maternal mRNAs. We propose that suppression of untimely translational activation of maternal mRNAs via deadenylation by CCR4-NOT is essential for proper oocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou Soeda
- Cell Signal Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Kunigami, 904-0495, Japan
- Laboratory for Cell Systems, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaaki Oyama
- Medical Proteomics Laboratory, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kozuka-Hata
- Medical Proteomics Laboratory, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yamamoto
- Cell Signal Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Kunigami, 904-0495, Japan
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5
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Kim HM, Kang MK, Seong SY, Jo JH, Kim MJ, Shin EK, Lee CG, Han SJ. Meiotic Cell Cycle Progression in Mouse Oocytes: Role of Cyclins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13659. [PMID: 37686466 PMCID: PMC10487953 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
All eukaryotic cells, including oocytes, utilize an engine called cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) to drive the cell cycle. Cdks are activated by a co-factor called cyclin, which regulates their activity. The key Cdk-cyclin complex that regulates the oocyte cell cycle is known as Cdk1-cyclin B1. Recent studies have elucidated the roles of other cyclins, such as B2, B3, A2, and O, in oocyte cell cycle regulation. This review aims to discuss the recently discovered roles of various cyclins in mouse oocyte cell cycle regulation in accordance with the sequential progression of the cell cycle. In addition, this review addresses the translation and degradation of cyclins to modulate the activity of Cdks. Overall, the literature indicates that each cyclin performs unique and redundant functions at various stages of the cell cycle, while their expression and degradation are tightly regulated. Taken together, this review provides new insights into the regulatory role and function of cyclins in oocyte cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Min Kim
- Department of Biological Science, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea; (H.M.K.); (E.K.S.)
- Department of Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan 46033, Republic of Korea; (M.K.K.); (C.G.L.)
| | - Min Kook Kang
- Department of Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan 46033, Republic of Korea; (M.K.K.); (C.G.L.)
| | - Se Yoon Seong
- Institute for Digital Antiaging Healthcare, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.S.); (J.H.J.); (M.J.K.)
| | - Jun Hyeon Jo
- Institute for Digital Antiaging Healthcare, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.S.); (J.H.J.); (M.J.K.)
| | - Min Ju Kim
- Institute for Digital Antiaging Healthcare, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.S.); (J.H.J.); (M.J.K.)
| | - Eun Kyeong Shin
- Department of Biological Science, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea; (H.M.K.); (E.K.S.)
- Department of Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan 46033, Republic of Korea; (M.K.K.); (C.G.L.)
| | - Chang Geun Lee
- Department of Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan 46033, Republic of Korea; (M.K.K.); (C.G.L.)
| | - Seung Jin Han
- Department of Biological Science, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea; (H.M.K.); (E.K.S.)
- Institute for Digital Antiaging Healthcare, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.S.); (J.H.J.); (M.J.K.)
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Basic Science, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea
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Jiang Y, Adhikari D, Li C, Zhou X. Spatiotemporal regulation of maternal mRNAs during vertebrate oocyte meiotic maturation. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:900-930. [PMID: 36718948 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Vertebrate oocytes face a particular challenge concerning the regulation of gene expression during meiotic maturation. Global transcription becomes quiescent in fully grown oocytes, remains halted throughout maturation and fertilization, and only resumes upon embryonic genome activation. Hence, the oocyte meiotic maturation process is largely regulated by protein synthesis from pre-existing maternal messenger RNAs (mRNAs) that are transcribed and stored during oocyte growth. Rapidly developing genome-wide techniques have greatly expanded our insights into the global translation changes and possible regulatory mechanisms during oocyte maturation. The storage, translation, and processing of maternal mRNAs are thought to be regulated by factors interacting with elements in the mRNA molecules. Additionally, posttranscriptional modifications of mRNAs, such as methylation and uridylation, have recently been demonstrated to play crucial roles in maternal mRNA destabilization. However, a comprehensive understanding of the machineries that regulate maternal mRNA fate during oocyte maturation is still lacking. In particular, how the transcripts of important cell cycle components are stabilized, recruited at the appropriate time for translation, and eliminated to modulate oocyte meiotic progression remains unclear. A better understanding of these mechanisms will provide invaluable insights for the preconditions of developmental competence acquisition, with important implications for the treatment of infertility. This review discusses how the storage, localization, translation, and processing of oocyte mRNAs are regulated, and how these contribute to oocyte maturation progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Jiang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xian Road, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Deepak Adhikari
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, 19 Innovation Walk, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Chunjin Li
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xian Road, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xian Road, Changchun, 130062, China
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Ma R, Liu W, Sun T, Dang C, Li K. Clinical significance of FBXO43 in hepatocellular carcinoma and its impact on tumor cell proliferation, migration and invasion. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15373. [PMID: 37250703 PMCID: PMC10211365 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The effects of FBXO43 on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its clinical significance have not yet been determined. This study aims to determine the clinical significance of FBXO43 in HCC and its impact on the biological functions of HCC cells. Methods Data from TCGA database were downloaded to investigate the expression of FBXO43 in HCC and its correlation with prognosis and immune infiltration. Immunohistochemical staining images of FBXO43 in HCC were acquired from the HPA website. HCC cells (BEL-7404 and SMMC-7721) were transfected with the lentivirus targeting FBXO43 to decrease FBXO43 expression in HCC cells. Western blotting assay was conducted to evaluate the expression level of FBXO43 protein. MTT assay was used to detect the proliferation of HCC cells. The migration and invasion of HCC cells were investigated by performing scratch wound-healing and Transwell invasion assays, respectively. Results In comparison to normal tissues, FBXO43 is overexpressed in HCC tissue, and high FBXO43 expression is linked to late T stage, TNM stage and tumor grade. Elevated FBXO43 expression is a risk factor for HCC. In patients with high FBXO43 expression, the overall survival, disease-specific survival, progression-free survival and disease-free survival are poorer. The proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells are significantly attenuated in FBXO43 knockdown cells. Also, TCGA data analysis reveals that FBXO43 exhibits a positive correlation with immunosuppression of HCC. Conclusion FBXO43 is overexpressed in HCC, and is linked to late tumor stage, worse prognosis and tumor immunosuppression. FBXO43 knockdown restrains the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rulan Ma
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shannxi, China
| | - Tuanhe Sun
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chengxue Dang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kang Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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Zhou H, Zeng C, Liu J, Luo H, Huang W. F-Box Protein 43, Stabilized by N6-Methyladenosine Methylation, Enhances Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Growth and Invasion via Promoting p53 Degradation in a Ubiquitin Conjugating Enzyme E2 C-Dependent Manner. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030957. [PMID: 36765911 PMCID: PMC9913344 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The roles of F-box protein 43 (FBXO43) in carcinogenesis have been rarely revealed. The present study investigates the expression, function, and underlying mechanism of FBXO43 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Firstly, the expression and clinical significance of FBXO43 in HCC were investigated bioinformatically and experimentally using online omics data and local tissue samples. The role of N6-methyladenosine modification (m6A) of mRNA in regulating FBXO43 expression and the effects of m6A/FBXO43 axis alteration on cell proliferation and invasion were investigated further. Moreover, the underlying mechanism of the oncogenic FBXO43 was also explored. The results demonstrated that FBXO43 was significantly upregulated in HCC and was positively correlated with advanced progression and poor prognosis in patients. METTL3 and IGF2BP2 expressions were positively correlated with FBXO43 expression and served as the writer and reader of FBXO43 m6A, respectively, which stabilized and upregulated FBXO43 mRNA in HCC. FBXO43 silencing significantly reduced cell proliferation and invasion, and ectopic expression of FBXO43 could significantly restore the inhibitory effects caused by METTL3 and IGF2BP2 depletion in HCC cells. Mechanistically, FBXO43 depletion reduced the expression of UBE2C, a p53 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, suppressed proteasomal degradation of p53, and thus inhibited cell proliferation and invasion in HCC. In summary, the present study revealed that METTL3/IGF2BP2 mediated m6A contributed to the upregulation of FBXO43 that promoted the malignant progression of HCC by stimulating p53 degradation in a UBE2C-dependent manner, highlighting the promising application of FBXO43 as a target in HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Urology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Chong Zeng
- Department of Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Haijun Luo
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-18773187433
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Wu S, Qin L, Yang J, Wang J, Shen Y. Association between F-box-only protein 43 overexpression and hepatocellular carcinoma pathogenesis and prognosis. Cancer Med 2023; 12:10062-10076. [PMID: 36710413 PMCID: PMC10166908 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite great advances in the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and management regarding hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the overall prognosis of HCC remains unfavorable. The expression profile, prognostic role, and biological functions of F-box-only protein 43 (FBXO43) in HCC remain unclear. Here, we determine the expression profile and prognostic value of FBXO43 in patients with HCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 467 HCC patients and their clinicopathological data were collected from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases. The expression profile, prognostic value, biological functions, and underlying mechanism of its involvement of FBXO43 were explored based on TCGA, Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), LinkedOmics, and Cancer Dependency Map (DepMap). The expression of FBXO43 in 93 paired liver tissues was investigated via immunohistochemical staining, tissue microarray analysis, and Western blot. The prognostic value was assessed using survival analysis. RESULTS FBXO43 RNA was upregulated in HCC liver tissues and was associated with an unfavorable prognosis (p < 0.05). Furthermore, FBXO43 protein was overexpressed in HCC liver tissues compared with that in paired normal liver tissues. Overexpression of FBXO43 protein was significantly associated with advanced TNM stage, large tumor size, lymphatic invasion, distant metastasis, earlier cancer recurrence, and decreased overall survival after radical surgery (p < 0.05). Cox regression analysis showed that FBXO43 had significant prognostic value in HCC. Importantly, FBXO43 and its co-expressed genes were mainly involved in cell cycle regulation, DNA replication, metabolic regulation, and so on. FBXO43 knockdown could significantly affect the HCC cell lines growth and proliferation. CONCLUSIONS We first revealed that FBXO43 was overexpressed in liver HCC tissues at the RNA and protein levels and served as an independent prognostic factor for HCC patients. Therefore, FBXO43 is worth investigating as a potential HCC treatment target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohan Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Lei Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Juqin Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Yiyu Shen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
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10
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Egg Development After In Vitro Insemination in Japanese Quail ( Coturnix japonica). J Poult Sci 2023; 60:2023001. [PMID: 36756046 PMCID: PMC9884635 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.2023001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro fertilization has been widely used to produce offspring in several mammalian species. We previously successfully produced Japanese quail chicks using intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), whereas in vitro insemination was not successful. This may be due to the difficulties associated with mimicking the sperm-egg fusion process and subsequent events in physiological polyspermic fertilization in vitro. In the present study, we observed egg development after in vitro insemination and investigated the inactivation of metaphase-promoting factor (MPF) and cytostatic factor (CSF), which are downstream of the Ca2+ signaling pathway in the egg, due to fertilizing sperm. We found a sperm number-dependent increase in hole formation caused by sperm penetration of the perivitelline membrane, the extracellular coat surrounding the egg. Egg development was observed following in vitro insemination; however, the developmental rate and stages after 24-h culture were inferior to those of ICSI eggs, even when insemination was performed with a high number of sperm (2 × 104). We also noted the downregulation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor-1, ryanodine receptor-3, cyclin B1, and c-MOS, which are important regulatory components of MPF and CSF in the egg, which was dependent on the number of sperm used for insemination. However, the decreases observed in these components did not reach the levels observed in the ICSI eggs. Collectively, the present results suggest that a sperm number higher than 2 × 104 is required for the progression of the Ca2+ signaling pathway, which initiates subsequent egg development in Japanese quail.
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11
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Cyclin B3 implements timely vertebrate oocyte arrest for fertilization. Dev Cell 2022; 57:2305-2320.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kinterová V, Kaňka J, Bartková A, Toralová T. SCF Ligases and Their Functions in Oogenesis and Embryogenesis-Summary of the Most Important Findings throughout the Animal Kingdom. Cells 2022; 11:234. [PMID: 35053348 PMCID: PMC8774150 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SCF-dependent proteolysis was first discovered via genetic screening of budding yeast almost 25 years ago. In recent years, more and more functions of SCF (Skp1-Cullin 1-F-box) ligases have been described, and we can expect the number of studies on this topic to increase. SCF ligases, which are E3 ubiquitin multi-protein enzymes, catalyse protein ubiquitination and thus allow protein degradation mediated by the 26S proteasome. They play a crucial role in the degradation of cell cycle regulators, regulation of the DNA repair and centrosome cycle and play an important role in several diseases. SCF ligases seem to be needed during all phases of development, from oocyte formation through fertilization, activation of the embryonic genome to embryo implantation. In this review, we summarize known data on SCF ligase-mediated degradation during oogenesis and embryogenesis. In particular, SCFβTrCP and SCFSEL-10/FBXW7 are among the most important and best researched ligases during early development. SCFβTrCP is crucial for the oogenesis of Xenopus and mouse and also in Xenopus and Drosophila embryogenesis. SCFSEL-10/FBXW7 participates in the degradation of several RNA-binding proteins and thereby affects the regulation of gene expression during the meiosis of C. elegans. Nevertheless, a large number of SCF ligases that are primarily involved in embryogenesis remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Kinterová
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 27721 Libechov, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (A.B.); (T.T.)
| | - Jiří Kaňka
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 27721 Libechov, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (A.B.); (T.T.)
| | - Alexandra Bartková
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 27721 Libechov, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (A.B.); (T.T.)
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Tereza Toralová
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 27721 Libechov, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (A.B.); (T.T.)
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13
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Ma R, Zhu K, Yuan D, Gong M, Li Y, Li K, Meng L. Downregulation of the FBXO43 gene inhibits tumor growth in human breast cancer by limiting its interaction with PCNA. J Transl Med 2021; 19:425. [PMID: 34645483 PMCID: PMC8513237 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03100-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The function and regulatory mechanism of FBXO43 in breast cancer (BC) are still unclear. Here, we intended to determine the role and mechanism of FBXO43 in BC. METHODS FBXO43 expression in BC was evaluated by analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). RT-qPCR and western blotting were utilized to detect FBXO43 expression in BC cell lines. Lentivirus was applied to downregulate FBXO43 in human BC cells. Proliferation assays were performed to evaluate the proliferative ability of BC cells. The apoptosis and cell cycle analysis of BC cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Cell migration and invasion were investigated via Transwell assays. The function of FBXO43 in vivo was evaluated by constructing a xenograft mouse model. The proteins that might interact with FBXO43 in BC were identified by mass spectrometry, bioinformatics analysis, and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assays. Finally, rescue experiments were conducted to validate the recovery effects of the proteins interacting with FBXO43. RESULTS FBXO43 was highly expressed in BC and was significantly downregulated after FBXO43 knockdown. The proliferation, migration, and invasion of BC cells were inhibited, and cell apoptosis was induced by FBXO43 knockdown. In addition, an in vivo experiment indicated that FBXO43 knockdown could inhibit the cell growth of BC. The results of the Co-IP assay showed that FBXO43 interacted with PCNA. Further rescue experiments confirmed that overexpression of PCNA significantly reversed the effects of FBXO43 knockdown on BC cells. CONCLUSION Downregulation of FBXO43 inhibits the tumor growth of BC by limiting its interaction with PCNA. FBXO43 might be a new potential oncogene and a therapeutic target for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rulan Ma
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kun Zhu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dawei Yuan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meijun Gong
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yijun Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kang Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Lei Meng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
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Wang W, Wang W, Xu Y, Shi J, Fu J, Chen B, Mu J, Zhang Z, Zhao L, Lin J, Du J, Li Q, He L, Jin L, Sun X, Wang L, Sang Q. FBXO43 variants in patients with female infertility characterized by early embryonic arrest. Hum Reprod 2021; 36:2392-2402. [PMID: 34052850 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Can any new genetic factors responsible for early embryonic arrest in infertile patients be identified, together with the mechanism of pathogenic variants? SUMMARY ANSWER We identified three homozygous variants in the F-box protein 43 gene (FBXO43) in infertile patients and studies on the effects of the variants in HEK293T cells and mouse oocytes provided evidence for a causal relation between FBXO43 and female infertility. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY FBXO43, an inhibitor of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome, mediates Metaphase II arrest as a component of the cytostatic factor in oocytes. Both male and female Fbxo43 knockout mice are viable but sterile. FBXO43, therefore, appears to be an essential component of the mammalian cell-cycle machinery that regulates both male and female meiosis. Until now, only one article has reported a homozygous FBXO43 variant associated with teratozoospermia, but the causal relationship was not established with functional evidence. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Whole-exome sequencing (WES) and homozygosity mapping were performed in 24 probands from consanguineous families who suffered from early embryonic arrest, and two different homozygous variants in FBXO43 were identified in two independent families. WES data from a further 950 infertile women with early embryonic arrest were screened for homozygous and compound heterozygous variants in FBXO43, and a third individual with an additional homozygous variant in FBXO43 was identified. The infertile patients presenting with early embryonic arrest were recruited from August 2016 to May 2020. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The women diagnosed with primary infertility were recruited from the reproduction centers of local hospitals. Genomic DNA samples from the affected individuals, their family members, and healthy controls were extracted from peripheral blood. The FBXO43 variants were identified using WES, homozygosity mapping, in silico analysis, and variant screening. All of the variants were confirmed by Sanger sequencing, and the effects of the variants were investigated in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293T cells by western blotting and in mouse oocytes by complementary RNA injection. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE We identified three homozygous variants in FBXO43 (NM_001029860.4)-namely, c.1490_1497dup (p.(Glu500Serfs*2)), c.1747C>T (p.(Gln583*)), and c.154delG (p.(Asp52Thrfs*30))-in three independent families. All of the homozygous variants reduced the protein level of FBXO43 and reduced the level of its downstream target Cyclin B1 in HEK293T cells. In addition, the variants reduced the ability of exogenous human FBXO43 to rescue the parthenogenetic activation phenotype in Fbxo43 knockdown mouse oocytes. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Owing to the lack of in vivo data from the oocytes of patients, the exact molecular mechanism remains unknown and should be further investigated using knock out or knock in mice. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our study has identified three pathogenic variants in FBXO43 that are involved in human early embryonic arrest. These findings contribute to our understanding of the role of FBXO43 in human early embryonic development and provide a new genetic marker for female infertility. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFC1003800, 2017YFC1001500, and 2016YFC1000600), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81725006, 81822019, 81771581, 81971450, 81971382, and 82001552), the project supported by the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (2017SHZDZX01), the Project of the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission (19JC1411001), the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (19ZR1444500), the Shuguang Program of the Shanghai Education Development Foundation and the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (18SG03), the Foundation of the Shanghai Health and Family Planning Commission (20154Y0162), the Capacity Building Planning Program for Shanghai Women and Children's Health Service, and the collaborative innovation center project construction for Shanghai Women and Children's Health. None of the authors have any competing interests. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Wang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Xu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Juanzi Shi
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Shaanxi Maternal and Child Care Service Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Fu
- Shanghai Ji Ai Genetics and IVF Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Biaobang Chen
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Mu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Shanghai Ji Ai Genetics and IVF Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Du
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiaoli Li
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin He
- Bio-X Center, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxi Sun
- Shanghai Ji Ai Genetics and IVF Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Sang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Dong Y, Lyu L, Zhang D, Li J, Wen H, Shi B. Integrated lncRNA and mRNA Transcriptome Analyses in the Ovary of Cynoglossus semilaevis Reveal Genes and Pathways Potentially Involved in Reproduction. Front Genet 2021; 12:671729. [PMID: 34093665 PMCID: PMC8172126 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.671729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to be involved in multiple biological processes. However, the roles of lncRNAs in the reproduction of half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) are unclear, especially in the molecular regulatory mechanism driving ovarian development and ovulation. Thus, to explore the mRNA and lncRNA mechanisms regulating reproduction, we collected tongue sole ovaries in three stages for RNA sequencing. In stage IV vs. V, we identified 312 differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs and 58 DE lncRNAs. In stage V vs. VI, we identified 1,059 DE mRNAs and 187 DE lncRNAs. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses showed that DE mRNAs were enriched in ECM-receptor interaction, oocyte meiosis and steroid hormone biosynthesis pathways. Furthermore, we carried out gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to identify potential reproduction related-pathways additionally, such as fatty metabolism and retinol metabolism. Based on enrichment analysis, DE mRNAs with a potential role in reproduction were selected and classified into six categories, including signal transduction, cell growth and death, immune response, metabolism, transport and catabolism, and cell junction. The interactions of DE lncRNAs and mRNAs were predicted according to antisense, cis-, and trans-regulatory mechanisms. We constructed a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. Several lncRNAs were predicted to regulate genes related to reproduction including cyp17a1, cyp19a1, mmp14, pgr, and hsd17b1. The functional enrichment analysis of these target genes of lncRNAs revealed that they were involved in several signaling pathways, such as the TGF-beta, Wnt signaling, and MAPK signaling pathways and reproduction related-pathways such as the progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, oocyte meiosis, and GnRH signaling pathway. RT-qPCR analysis showed that two lncRNAs (XR_522278.2 and XR_522171.2) were mainly expressed in the ovary. Dual-fluorescence in situ hybridization experiments showed that both XR_522278.2 and XR_522171.2 colocalized with their target genes cyp17a1 and cyp19a1, respectively, in the follicular cell layer. The results further demonstrated that lncRNAs might be involved in the biological processes by modulating gene expression. Taken together, this study provides lncRNA profiles in the ovary of tongue sole and further insight into the role of lncRNA involvement in regulating reproduction in tongue sole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Dong
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Likang Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Daiqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Haishen Wen
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Bao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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16
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Li B, He X, Zhao Y, Bai D, Du M, Song L, Liu Z, Yin Z, Manglai D. Transcriptome profiling of developing testes and spermatogenesis in the Mongolian horse. BMC Genet 2020; 21:46. [PMID: 32345215 PMCID: PMC7187496 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-020-00843-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Horse testis development and spermatogenesis are complex physiological processes. METHODS To study these processes, three immature and three mature testes were collected from the Mongolian horse, and six libraries were established using high-throughput RNA sequencing technology (RNA-Seq) to screen for genes related to testis development and spermatogenesis. RESULTS A total of 16,237 upregulated genes and 8,641 downregulated genes were detected in the testis of the Mongolian horse. These genes play important roles in different developmental stages of spermatogenesis and testicular development. Five genes with alternative splicing events that may influence spermatogenesis and development of the testis were detected. GO (Gene ontology) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway analyses were performed for functional annotation of the differentially expressed genes. Pathways related to "spermatogenesis," male gamete generation," "spermatid development" and "oocyte meiosis" were significantly involved in different stages of testis development and spermatogenesis. CONCLUSION Genes, pathways and alternative splicing events were identified with inferred functions in the process of spermatogenesis in the Mongolian horse. The identification of these differentially expressed genetic signatures improves our understanding of horse testis development and spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Li
- College of Animal Science, Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
- lnner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Xiaolong He
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, 010031, China
| | - Yiping Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
- lnner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Dongyi Bai
- College of Animal Science, Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
- lnner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Ming Du
- College of Animal Science, Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
- lnner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Lianjie Song
- College of Animal Science, Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
- lnner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- College of Animal Science, Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
- lnner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Zhenchen Yin
- College of Animal Science, Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
- lnner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Dugarjaviin Manglai
- College of Animal Science, Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China.
- lnner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China.
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China.
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Lara-Gonzalez P, Moyle MW, Budrewicz J, Mendoza-Lopez J, Oegema K, Desai A. The G2-to-M Transition Is Ensured by a Dual Mechanism that Protects Cyclin B from Degradation by Cdc20-Activated APC/C. Dev Cell 2019; 51:313-325.e10. [PMID: 31588029 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the eukaryotic cell cycle, a threshold level of cyclin B accumulation triggers the G2-to-M transition, and subsequent cyclin B destruction triggers mitotic exit. The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is the E3 ubiquitin ligase that, together with its co-activator Cdc20, targets cyclin B for destruction during mitotic exit. Here, we show that two pathways act in concert to protect cyclin B from Cdc20-activated APC/C in G2, in order to enable cyclin B accumulation and the G2-to-M transition. The first pathway involves the Mad1-Mad2 spindle checkpoint complex, acting in a distinct manner from checkpoint signaling after mitotic entry but employing a common molecular mechanism-the promotion of Mad2-Cdc20 complex formation. The second pathway involves cyclin-dependent kinase phosphorylation of Cdc20, which is known to reduce Cdc20's affinity for the APC/C. Cooperation of these two mechanisms, which target distinct APC/C binding interfaces of Cdc20, enables cyclin B accumulation and the G2-to-M transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Lara-Gonzalez
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego Branch, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Mark W Moyle
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego Branch, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jacqueline Budrewicz
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego Branch, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jose Mendoza-Lopez
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego Branch, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Karen Oegema
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego Branch, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Arshad Desai
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego Branch, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Anitha A, Gupta YR, Deepa S, Ningappa M, Rajanna KB, Senthilkumaran B. Gonadal transcriptome analysis of the common carp, Cyprinus carpio: Identification of differentially expressed genes and SSRs. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 279:67-77. [PMID: 30571963 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is a world-wide freshwater fish of eutrophic waters. C. carpio, have various reproductive traits, including early sexual maturity, that may make them excellent, large, realistic, aquaculture model species. In the present work, de novo assembly of gonadal (testicular and ovarian) transcriptomes from juvenile common carp was performed to identify genes involved in gonadal development. A total of 81,757 and 43,257 transcripts with average lengths of 769 and 856 bp, were obtained from the immature testicular and ovarian transcriptomes, respectively. About 84,367 unigenes were constructed after removing redundancy involving representation of transcripts in both gonadal transcriptomes. Gene ontology (39,171 unigenes), clusters of orthologous group's analysis (6651 unigenes) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes, and genomes automatic annotation server analysis (4783 unigenes) were performed to identify potential genes along with their functions. Furthermore, 18,342 (testis) and 8693 (ovary) simple sequence repeats were identified. About 298 differentially expressed genes were identified, of which 171 and 127 genes were up-regulated in testis and ovary, respectively. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR was performed to validate differential expression of selected genes in testis and ovary. Nearly 809 genes related to reproduction were identified, sex-wise expression pattern of genes related to steroid synthesis, endocrine regulation, germ cell maintenance and others factors related to gonadal differentiation was observed, and expression analysis of nanos, ad4bp/sf-1, and gdf9 was performed. The present study identified certain important genes/factors involved in the gonadal development of C. carpio which may provide insights into the understanding of sex-differentiation and gonadal development processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Anitha
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Yugantak-Raj Gupta
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Seetharam Deepa
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Manjappa Ningappa
- Fisheries Research and Information Center (KVAFSU), Hesaraghatta Lake Post, Hesaraghatta, Bengaluru 560 089, India
| | - Karani Boraiah Rajanna
- KVAFSU, 10th cross, Mayura street, Papanna layout, Hebbal outer ring road, Bengaluru 560 089, India
| | - Balasubramanian Senthilkumaran
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India.
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19
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Ma Y, Xie N, Xie D, Sun L, Li S, Li P, Li Y, Li J, Dong Z, Xie X. A novel homozygous FBXO43 mutation associated with male infertility and teratozoospermia in a consanguineous Chinese family. Fertil Steril 2019; 111:909-917.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Peng Y, Chang L, Wang Y, Wang R, Hu L, Zhao Z, Geng L, Liu Z, Gong Y, Li J, Li X, Zhang C. Genome-wide differential expression of long noncoding RNAs and mRNAs in ovarian follicles of two different chicken breeds. Genomics 2018; 111:1395-1403. [PMID: 30268779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Bashang long-tail chickens are an indigenous breed with dual purpose in China (meat and eggs) but have low egg laying performance. To improve the low egg laying performance, a genome-wide analysis of mRNAs and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) from Bashang long-tail chickens and Hy-Line brown layers was performed. A total of 16,354 mRNAs and 8691 lncRNAs were obtained from ovarian follicles. Between the breeds, 160 mRNAs and 550 lncRNAs were found to be significantly differentially expressed. Integrated network analysis suggested some differentially expressed genes were involved in ovarian follicular development through oocyte meiosis, progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, and cell cycle. The impact of lncRNAs on cis and trans target genes, indicating some lncRNAs may play important roles in ovarian follicular development. The current results provided a catalog of chicken ovarian follicular lncRNAs and genes for further study to understand their roles in regulation of egg laying performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongdong Peng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Chang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei Province, Baoding 071001, Hebei, People's Republic of China; Qinhuangdao Animal Disease Control Center, Qinhuangdao 066001, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruining Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lulu Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziya Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Liying Geng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengzhu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanfang Gong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingshi Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianglong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chuansheng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Sharma A, Tiwari M, Gupta A, Pandey AN, Yadav PK, Chaube SK. Journey of oocyte from metaphase-I to metaphase-II stage in mammals. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:5530-5536. [PMID: 29331044 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, journey from metaphase-I (M-I) to metaphase-II (M-II) is important since oocyte extrude first polar body (PB-I) and gets converted into haploid gamete. The molecular and cellular changes associated with meiotic cell cycle progression from M-I to M-II stage and extrusion of PB-I remain ill understood. Several factors drive oocyte meiosis from M-I to M-II stage. The mitogen-activated protein kinase3/1 (MAPK3/1), signal molecules and Rho family GTPases act through various pathways to drive cell cycle progression from M-I to M-II stage. The down regulation of MOS/MEK/MAPK3/1 pathway results in the activation of anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). The active APC/C destabilizes maturation promoting factor (MPF) and induces meiotic resumption. Several signal molecules such as, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK2), SENP3, mitotic kinesin-like protein 2 (MKlp2), regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS2), Epsin2, polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) are directly or indirectly involved in chromosomal segregation. Rho family GTPase is another enzyme that along with cell division cycle (Cdc42) to form actomyosin contractile ring required for chromosomal segregation. In the presence of origin recognition complex (ORC4), eccentrically localized haploid set of chromosomes trigger cortex differentiation and determine the division site for polar body formation. The actomyosin contractile activity at the site of division plane helps to form cytokinetic furrow that results in the formation and extrusion of PB-I. Indeed, oocyte journey from M-I to M-II stage is coordinated by several factors and pathways that enable oocyte to extrude PB-I. Quality of oocyte directly impact fertilization rate, early embryonic development, and reproductive outcome in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Sharma
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Meenakshi Tiwari
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Anumegha Gupta
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ashutosh N Pandey
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Pramod K Yadav
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Shail K Chaube
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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22
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Carvacho I, Piesche M, Maier TJ, Machaca K. Ion Channel Function During Oocyte Maturation and Fertilization. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:63. [PMID: 29998105 PMCID: PMC6028574 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The proper maturation of both male and female gametes is essential for supporting fertilization and the early embryonic divisions. In the ovary, immature fully-grown oocytes that are arrested in prophase I of meiosis I are not able to support fertilization. Acquiring fertilization competence requires resumption of meiosis which encompasses the remodeling of multiple signaling pathways and the reorganization of cellular organelles. Collectively, this differentiation endows the egg with the ability to activate at fertilization and to promote the egg-to-embryo transition. Oocyte maturation is associated with changes in the electrical properties of the plasma membrane and alterations in the function and distribution of ion channels. Therefore, variations on the pattern of expression, distribution, and function of ion channels and transporters during oocyte maturation are fundamental to reproductive success. Ion channels and transporters are important in regulating membrane potential, but also in the case of calcium (Ca2+), they play a critical role in modulating intracellular signaling pathways. In the context of fertilization, Ca2+ has been shown to be the universal activator of development at fertilization, playing a central role in early events associated with egg activation and the egg-to-embryo transition. These early events include the block of polyspermy, the completion of meiosis and the transition to the embryonic mitotic divisions. In this review, we discuss the role of ion channels during oocyte maturation, fertilization and early embryonic development. We will describe how ion channel studies in Xenopus oocytes, an extensively studied model of oocyte maturation, translate into a greater understanding of the role of ion channels in mammalian oocyte physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Carvacho
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Matthias Piesche
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Medicine Faculty, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Thorsten J. Maier
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Khaled Machaca
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell-Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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23
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Liu C, Ma Y, Shang Y, Huo R, Li W. Post-translational regulation of the maternal-to-zygotic transition. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:1707-1722. [PMID: 29427077 PMCID: PMC11105290 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2750-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT) is essential for the developmental control handed from maternal products to newly synthesized zygotic genome in the earliest stages of embryogenesis, including maternal component (mRNAs and proteins) degradation and zygotic genome activation (ZGA). Various protein post-translational modifications have been identified during the MZT, such as phosphorylation, methylation and ubiquitination. Precise post-translational regulation mechanisms are essential for the timely transition of early embryonic development. In this review, we summarize recent progress regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying post-translational regulation of maternal component degradation and ZGA during the MZT and discuss some important issues in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Haerbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongliang Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Gopinathan L, Szmyd R, Low D, Diril MK, Chang HY, Coppola V, Liu K, Tessarollo L, Guccione E, van Pelt AMM, Kaldis P. Emi2 Is Essential for Mouse Spermatogenesis. Cell Rep 2018; 20:697-708. [PMID: 28723571 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The meiotic functions of Emi2, an inhibitor of the APC/C complex, have been best characterized in oocytes where it mediates metaphase II arrest as a component of the cytostatic factor. We generated knockout mice to determine the in vivo functions of Emi2-in particular, its functions in the testis, where Emi2 is expressed at high levels. Male and female Emi2 knockout mice are viable but sterile, indicating that Emi2 is essential for meiosis but dispensable for embryonic development and mitotic cell divisions. We found that, besides regulating cell-cycle arrest in mouse eggs, Emi2 is essential for meiosis I progression in spermatocytes. In the absence of Emi2, spermatocytes arrest in early diplotene of prophase I. This arrest is associated with decreased Cdk1 activity and was partially rescued by a knockin mouse model of elevated Cdk1 activity. Additionally, we detected expression of Emi2 in spermatids and sperm, suggesting potential post-meiotic functions for Emi2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Gopinathan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A(∗)STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos #3-09, Singapore 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Radoslaw Szmyd
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A(∗)STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos #3-09, Singapore 138673, Republic of Singapore; NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117456, Republic of Singapore
| | - Diana Low
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A(∗)STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos #3-09, Singapore 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - M Kasim Diril
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A(∗)STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos #3-09, Singapore 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Heng-Yu Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Vincenzo Coppola
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, NCI-Frederick, Building 560, 1050 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
| | - Kui Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lino Tessarollo
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, NCI-Frederick, Building 560, 1050 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
| | - Ernesto Guccione
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A(∗)STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos #3-09, Singapore 138673, Republic of Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117597, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ans M M van Pelt
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Philipp Kaldis
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A(∗)STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos #3-09, Singapore 138673, Republic of Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117597, Republic of Singapore.
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25
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Fujioka YA, Onuma A, Fujii W, Sugiura K, Naito K. Contributions of UBE2C and UBE2S to meiotic progression of porcine oocytes. J Reprod Dev 2018; 64:253-259. [PMID: 29576589 PMCID: PMC6021604 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2018-006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate oocytes arrested at the first meiotic prophase must proceed to the second meiotic metaphase (MII) before fertilization. This meiotic process requires the precise control of
protein degradation. Part of the protein degradation in oocytes is controlled by members of the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family, UBE2C and UBE2S, which are known to participate in
mono-ubiquitination and poly-ubiquitination, respectively. Although UBE2 enzymes have been well studied in mitosis, their contribution to mammalian oocyte meiosis is relatively unknown and
has been studied only in mice. Here, we investigated the contribution of UBE2C and UBE2S to porcine oocyte maturation using an RNA injection method. Overexpression of UBE2S prevented MII
arrest of oocytes and led to the formation of a pronucleus (PN) at 48 h of culture. This effect was also observed for prolonged cultures of UBE2C-overexpressing oocytes, suggesting the
effectiveness of poly-ubiquitination in the rapid escape from M-phase in porcine oocytes. Although the inhibition of either UBE2C or UBE2S by antisense RNA (asRNA) injection had no effect on
oocyte maturation, asRNA-injected oocytes showed inhibited PN formation after parthenogenetic activation. These results indicated that ubiquitination of certain factors by UBE2S and UBE2C
plays a role in the escape from MII arrest in porcine oocytes. Further investigations to identify the factors and how mono- and/or poly-ubiquitination contributes to protein degradation
could provide a better understanding of UBE2 roles in oocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshie A Fujioka
- Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Asuka Onuma
- Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Wataru Fujii
- Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Koji Sugiura
- Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Naito
- Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Review: Sperm-oocyte interactions and their implications for bull fertility, with emphasis on the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Animal 2018; 12:s121-s132. [PMID: 29477154 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731118000253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fertilization is an intricate cascade of events that irreversibly alter the participating male and female gamete and ultimately lead to the union of paternal and maternal genomes in the zygote. Fertilization starts with sperm capacitation within the oviductal sperm reservoir, followed by gamete recognition, sperm-zona pellucida interactions and sperm-oolemma adhesion and fusion, followed by sperm incorporation, oocyte activation, pronuclear development and embryo cleavage. At fertilization, bull spermatozoon loses its acrosome and plasma membrane components and contributes chromosomes, centriole, perinuclear theca proteins and regulatory RNAs to the zygote. While also incorporated in oocyte cytoplasm, structures of the sperm tail, including mitochondrial sheath, axoneme, fibrous sheath and outer dense fibers are degraded and recycled. The ability of some of these sperm contributed components to give rise to functional zygotic structures and properly induce embryonic development may vary between bulls, bearing on their reproductive performance, and on the fitness, health, fertility and production traits of their offspring. Proper functioning, recycling and remodeling of gamete structures at fertilization is aided by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), the universal substrate-specific protein recycling pathway present in bovine and other mammalian oocytes and spermatozoa. This review is focused on the aspects of UPS relevant to bovine fertilization and bull fertility.
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27
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Taming the Beast: Control of APC/C Cdc20-Dependent Destruction. COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2017; 82:111-121. [PMID: 29133301 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.2017.82.033712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is a large multisubunit ubiquitin ligase that triggers the metaphase-to-anaphase transition in the cell cycle by targeting the substrates cyclin B and securin for destruction. APC/C activity toward these two key substrates requires the coactivator Cdc20. To ensure that cells enter mitosis and partition their duplicated genome with high accuracy, APC/CCdc20 activity must be tightly controlled. Here, we discuss the mechanisms that regulate APC/CCdc20 activity both before and during mitosis. We focus our discussion primarily on the chromosomal pathways that both accelerate and delay APC/C activation by targeting Cdc20 to opposing fates. The findings discussed provide an overview of how cells control the activation of this major cell cycle regulator to ensure both accurate and timely cell division.
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Delayed APC/C activation extends the first mitosis of mouse embryos. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9682. [PMID: 28851945 PMCID: PMC5575289 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09526-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The correct temporal regulation of mitosis underpins genomic stability because it ensures the alignment of chromosomes on the mitotic spindle that is required for their proper segregation to the two daughter cells. Crucially, sister chromatid separation must be delayed until all the chromosomes have attached to the spindle; this is achieved by the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC) that inhibits the Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C) ubiquitin ligase. In many species the first embryonic M-phase is significantly prolonged compared to the subsequent divisions, but the reason behind this has remained unclear. Here, we show that the first M-phase in the mouse embryo is significantly extended due to a delay in APC/C activation. Unlike in somatic cells, where the APC/C first targets cyclin A2 for degradation at nuclear envelope breakdown (NEBD), we find that in zygotes cyclin A2 remains stable for a significant period of time after NEBD. Our findings that the SAC prevents cyclin A2 degradation, whereas over-expressed Plk1 stimulates it, support our conclusion that the delay in cyclin A2 degradation is caused by low APC/C activity. As a consequence of delayed APC/C activation cyclin B1 stability in the first mitosis is also prolonged, leading to the unusual length of the first M-phase.
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29
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Zhang M, Skirkanich J, Lampson MA, Klein PS. Cell Cycle Remodeling and Zygotic Gene Activation at the Midblastula Transition. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 953:441-487. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-46095-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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30
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Heim A, Rymarczyk B, Mayer TU. Regulation of Cell Division. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 953:83-116. [PMID: 27975271 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-46095-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The challenging task of mitotic cell divisions is to generate two genetically identical daughter cells from a single precursor cell. To accomplish this task, a complex regulatory network evolved, which ensures that all events critical for the duplication of cellular contents and their subsequent segregation occur in the correct order, at specific intervals and with the highest possible fidelity. Transitions between cell cycle stages are triggered by changes in the phosphorylation state and levels of components of the cell cycle machinery. Entry into S-phase and M-phase are mediated by cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks), serine-threonine kinases that require a regulatory cyclin subunit for their activity. Resetting the system to the interphase state is mediated by protein phosphatases (PPs) that counteract Cdks by dephosphorylating their substrates. To avoid futile cycles of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, Cdks and PPs must be regulated in a manner such that their activities are mutually exclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Heim
- Department of Biology and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Universitätsstr. 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Beata Rymarczyk
- Department of Biology and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Universitätsstr. 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Thomas U Mayer
- Department of Biology and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Universitätsstr. 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.
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31
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Fujioka YA, Onuma A, Fujii W, Sugiura K, Naito K. Analyses of EMI functions on meiotic maturation of porcine oocytes. Mol Reprod Dev 2016; 83:983-992. [PMID: 27649288 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin B (CCNB) accumulation is essential for regulating maturation/M-phase promoting factor activity during vertebrate oocyte maturation. Anaphase-promoting-complex/cyclosome (APC/C) degrades CCNB, allowing the cell cycle to progress; this complex is inhibited by Early mitotic inhibitors 1 and 2 (EMI1 and EMI2). The involvement of both EMI proteins in meiotic maturation has been reported in Xenopus and mouse oocytes, although a recent study described a marked difference in their respective function during meiotic resumption. Mouse is currently the only mammal in which the contribution of EMI to the oocyte maturation has been analyzed, so we used RNA injection methods to overexpress and knock down EMI1 and EMI2 to investigate their roles during porcine oocyte maturation. Up-regulation of either porcine EMI promoted precocious germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) with early CCNB1 accumulation in oocytes-which is consistent with their activities in mouse but not Xenopus oocytes. Knockdown of EMI1, but not EMI2, delayed GVBD and meiotic progression of oocytes from GVBD to meiotic metaphase I (MI). In contrast, knockdown of EMI2, but not EMI1, released oocytes from meiotic metaphase II (MII) arrest to produce a pronucleus. When injected oocytes were parthenogenetically activated, the up-regulation of EMI2, but not EMI1, prevented pronucleus formation. These results point to the similarities and differences of porcine EMI function with those of mouse versus Xenopus EMI, and generally contribute to our understanding of EMI function during mammalian oocyte maturation. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 983-992, 2016 © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshie A Fujioka
- Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asuka Onuma
- Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Fujii
- Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Sugiura
- Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Naito
- Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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32
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Bury L, Coelho PA, Glover DM. From Meiosis to Mitosis: The Astonishing Flexibility of Cell Division Mechanisms in Early Mammalian Development. Curr Top Dev Biol 2016; 120:125-71. [PMID: 27475851 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The execution of female meiosis and the establishment of the zygote is arguably the most critical stage of mammalian development. The egg can be arrested in the prophase of meiosis I for decades, and when it is activated, the spindle is assembled de novo. This spindle must function with the highest of fidelity and yet its assembly is unusually achieved in the absence of conventional centrosomes and with minimal influence of chromatin. Moreover, its dramatic asymmetric positioning is achieved through remarkable properties of the actin cytoskeleton to ensure elimination of the polar bodies. The second meiotic arrest marks a uniquely prolonged metaphase eventually interrupted by egg activation at fertilization to complete meiosis and mark a period of preparation of the male and female pronuclear genomes not only for their entry into the mitotic cleavage divisions but also for the imminent prospect of their zygotic expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bury
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - P A Coelho
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - D M Glover
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Guo L, Jiang L, Zhang Y, Lu XL, Xie Q, Weijers D, Liu CM. The anaphase-promoting complex initiates zygote division in Arabidopsis through degradation of cyclin B1. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 86:161-74. [PMID: 26952278 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
As the start of a new life cycle, activation of the first division of the zygote is a critical event in both plants and animals. Because the zygote in plants is difficult to access, our understanding of how this process is achieved remains poor. Here we report genetic and cell biological analyses of the zygote-arrest 1 (zyg1) mutant in Arabidopsis, which showed zygote-lethal and over-accumulation of cyclin B1 D-box-GUS in ovules. Map-based cloning showed that ZYG1 encodes the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) subunit 11 (APC11). Live-cell imaging studies showed that APC11 is expressed in both egg and sperm cells, in zygotes and during early embryogenesis. Using a GFP-APC11 fusion construct that fully complements zyg1, we showed that GFP-APC11 expression persisted throughout the mitotic cell cycle, and localized to cell plates during cytokinesis. Expression of non-degradable cyclin B1 in the zygote, or mutations of either APC1 or APC4, also led to a zyg1-like phenotype. Biochemical studies showed that APC11 has self-ubiquitination activity and is able to ubiquitinate cyclin B1 and promote degradation of cyclin B1. These results together suggest that APC/C-mediated degradation of cyclin B1 in Arabidopsis is critical for initiating the first division of the zygote.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Xiu-Li Lu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Qi Xie
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Dolf Weijers
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Chun-Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
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Ji Q, Lee J, Lin YH, Jing G, Tsai LJ, Chen A, Hetrick L, Jocoy D, Liu J. Atrazine and malathion shorten the maturation process of Xenopus laevis oocytes and have an adverse effect on early embryo development. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 32:63-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Vertebrate reproduction requires a myriad of precisely orchestrated events-in particular, the maternal production of oocytes, the paternal production of sperm, successful fertilization, and initiation of early embryonic cell divisions. These processes are governed by a host of signaling pathways. Protein kinase and phosphatase signaling pathways involving Mos, CDK1, RSK, and PP2A regulate meiosis during maturation of the oocyte. Steroid signals-specifically testosterone-regulate spermatogenesis, as does signaling by G-protein-coupled hormone receptors. Finally, calcium signaling is essential for both sperm motility and fertilization. Altogether, this signaling symphony ensures the production of viable offspring, offering a chance of genetic immortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Kornbluth
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Rafael Fissore
- University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
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36
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Randle SJ, Laman H. F-box protein interactions with the hallmark pathways in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 36:3-17. [PMID: 26416465 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
F-box proteins (FBP) are the substrate specifying subunit of Skp1-Cul1-FBP (SCF)-type E3 ubiquitin ligases and are responsible for directing the ubiquitination of numerous proteins essential for cellular function. Due to their ability to regulate the expression and activity of oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes, FBPs themselves play important roles in cancer development and progression. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of FBPs and their targets in relation to their interaction with the hallmarks of cancer cell biology, including the regulation of proliferation, epigenetics, migration and invasion, metabolism, angiogenesis, cell death and DNA damage responses. Each cancer hallmark is revealed to have multiple FBPs which converge on common signalling hubs or response pathways. We also highlight the complex regulatory interplay between SCF-type ligases and other ubiquitin ligases. We suggest six highly interconnected FBPs affecting multiple cancer hallmarks, which may prove sensible candidates for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne J Randle
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom
| | - Heike Laman
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom.
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37
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McGinnis LA, Lee HJ, Robinson DN, Evans JP. MAPK3/1 (ERK1/2) and Myosin Light Chain Kinase in Mammalian Eggs Affect Myosin-II Function and Regulate the Metaphase II State in a Calcium- and Zinc-Dependent Manner. Biol Reprod 2015; 92:146. [PMID: 25904014 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.127027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate eggs are arrested at metaphase of meiosis II, a state classically known as cytostatic factor arrest. Maintenance of this arrest until the time of fertilization and then fertilization-induced exit from metaphase II are crucial for reproductive success. Another key aspect of this meiotic arrest and exit is regulation of the metaphase II spindle, which must be appropriately localized adjacent to the egg cortex during metaphase II and then progress into successful asymmetric cytokinesis to produce the second polar body. This study examined the mitogen-activated protein kinases MAPK3 and MAPK1 (also known as ERK1/2) as regulators of these two related aspects of mammalian egg biology, specifically testing whether this MAPK pathway affected myosin-II function and whether myosin-II perturbation would produce some of the same effects as MAPK pathway perturbation. Inhibition of the MEK1/2-MAPK pathway with U0126 leads to reduced levels of phosphorylated myosin-regulatory light chain (pMRLC) and causes a reduction in cortical tension, effects that are mimicked by treatment with the myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) inhibitor ML-7. These data indicate that one mechanism by which the MAPK pathway acts in eggs is by affecting myosin-II function. We further show that MAPK or MLCK inhibition induces loss of normal cortical spindle localization or parthenogenetic egg activation. This parthenogenesis is dependent on cytosolic and extracellular calcium and can be rescued by hyperloading eggs with zinc, suggesting that these effects of inhibition of MLCK or the MAPK pathway are linked with dysregulation of ion homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A McGinnis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hyo J Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Douglas N Robinson
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Janice P Evans
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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Sivakumar S, Gorbsky GJ. Spatiotemporal regulation of the anaphase-promoting complex in mitosis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2015; 16:82-94. [PMID: 25604195 DOI: 10.1038/nrm3934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The appropriate timing of events that lead to chromosome segregation during mitosis and cytokinesis is essential to prevent aneuploidy, and defects in these processes can contribute to tumorigenesis. Key mitotic regulators are controlled through ubiquitylation and proteasome-mediated degradation. The APC/C (anaphase-promoting complex; also known as the cyclosome) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that has a crucial function in the regulation of the mitotic cell cycle, particularly at the onset of anaphase and during mitotic exit. Co-activator proteins, inhibitor proteins, protein kinases and phosphatases interact with the APC/C to temporally and spatially control its activity and thus ensure accurate timing of mitotic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushama Sivakumar
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Gary J Gorbsky
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
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39
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Calcium signaling and meiotic exit at fertilization in Xenopus egg. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:18659-76. [PMID: 25322156 PMCID: PMC4227238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151018659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium is a universal messenger that mediates egg activation at fertilization in all sexually reproducing species studied. However, signaling pathways leading to calcium generation and the mechanisms of calcium-induced exit from meiotic arrest vary substantially among species. Here, we review the pathways of calcium signaling and the mechanisms of meiotic exit at fertilization in the eggs of the established developmental model, African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis. We also discuss calcium involvement in the early fertilization-induced events in Xenopus egg, such as membrane depolarization, the increase in intracellular pH, cortical granule exocytosis, cortical contraction, contraction wave, cortical rotation, reformation of the nuclear envelope, sperm chromatin decondensation and sister chromatid segregation.
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The zinc-binding region (ZBR) fragment of Emi2 can inhibit APC/C by targeting its association with the coactivator Cdc20 and UBE2C-mediated ubiquitylation. FEBS Open Bio 2014; 4:689-703. [PMID: 25161877 PMCID: PMC4141206 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the ZBR fragment of Emi2, but not of Emi1, induces abnormal cell division. The Emi2 ZBR fragment impairs the association of the coactivator Cdc20 with APC/C. The Emi2 ZBR fragment inhibits ubiquitylation by the cullin-RING of APC/C and E2C. The Emi2 ZBR-specific residues for APC/C inhibitory activity have been identified.
Anaphase-promoting complex or cyclosome (APC/C) is a multisubunit ubiquitin ligase E3 that targets cell-cycle regulators. Cdc20 is required for full activation of APC/C in M phase, and mediates substrate recognition. In vertebrates, Emi2/Erp1/FBXO43 inhibits APC/C-Cdc20, and functions as a cytostatic factor that causes long-term M phase arrest of mature oocytes. In this study, we found that a fragment corresponding to the zinc-binding region (ZBR) domain of Emi2 inhibits cell-cycle progression, and impairs the association of Cdc20 with the APC/C core complex in HEK293T cells. Furthermore, we revealed that the ZBR fragment of Emi2 inhibits in vitro ubiquitin chain elongation catalyzed by the APC/C cullin-RING ligase module, the ANAPC2–ANAPC11 subcomplex, in combination with the ubiquitin chain-initiating E2, E2C/UBE2C/UbcH10. Structural analyses revealed that the Emi2 ZBR domain uses different faces for the two mechanisms. Thus, the double-faced ZBR domain of Emi2 antagonizes the APC/C function by inhibiting both the binding with the coactivator Cdc20 and ubiquitylation mediated by the cullin-RING ligase module and E2C. In addition, the tail region between the ZBR domain and the C-terminal RL residues [the post-ZBR (PZ) region] interacts with the cullin subunit, ANAPC2. In the case of the ZBR fragment of the somatic paralogue of Emi2, Emi1/FBXO5, these inhibitory activities against cell division and ubiquitylation were not observed. Finally, we identified two sets of key residues in the Emi2 ZBR domain that selectively exert each of the dual Emi2-specific modes of APC/C inhibition, by their mutation in the Emi2 ZBR domain and their transplantation into the Emi1 ZBR domain.
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41
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Miyagaki Y, Kanemori Y, Tanaka F, Baba T. Possible role of p38 MAPK-MNK1-EMI2 cascade in metaphase-II arrest of mouse oocytes. Biol Reprod 2014; 91:45. [PMID: 24920040 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.116962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mos-MAPK signaling pathway involving the Mos-MEK1/2-ERK1/2-RSK1/2/3 or MSK1-EMI2 cascade is directly linked to metaphase-II arrest of vertebrate oocytes. In this study, we examined whether p38, a member of the MAPK subfamily, is regulated under the control of Mos and contributes to metaphase-II arrest in the mouse oocyte. Morpholino oligonucleotide-mediated depletion of Mos revealed a remarkable decrease in phosphorylation of p38. Simultaneous treatment of oocytes with two chemical inhibitors of p38 and MEK1/2 induced both release from metaphase II and degradation of cyclin B1, whereas the treatment with each of these two inhibitors had little effect. Moreover, phosphorylation of EMI2 was dramatically abolished by addition of the two inhibitors. Indeed, MNK1, a kinase downstream of p38, exhibited the ability to phosphorylate EMI2. These results suggest that in addition to the Mos-MEK1/2 pathway, the Mos-mediated p38 pathway may be implicated in metaphase-II arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Miyagaki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba Science City, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kanemori
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba Science City, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Fumi Tanaka
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba Science City, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tadashi Baba
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba Science City, Ibaraki, Japan Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba Science City, Ibaraki, Japan
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42
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Nabti I, Marangos P, Bormann J, Kudo NR, Carroll J. Dual-mode regulation of the APC/C by CDK1 and MAPK controls meiosis I progression and fidelity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 204:891-900. [PMID: 24637322 PMCID: PMC3998794 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201305049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
MAPK and Cdk1 play compensatory roles in suppressing APC/C activity early in prometaphase, thereby allowing accumulation of APC/C substrates essential for meiosis I. Female meiosis is driven by the activities of two major kinases, cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). To date, the role of MAPK in control of meiosis is thought to be restricted to maintaining metaphase II arrest through stabilizing Cdk1 activity. In this paper, we find that MAPK and Cdk1 play compensatory roles to suppress the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) activity early in prometaphase, thereby allowing accumulation of APC/C substrates essential for meiosis I. Furthermore, inhibition of MAPK around the onset of APC/C activity at the transition from meiosis I to meiosis II led to accelerated completion of meiosis I and an increase in aneuploidy at metaphase II. These effects appear to be mediated via a Cdk1/MAPK-dependent stabilization of the spindle assembly checkpoint, which when inhibited leads to increased APC/C activity. These findings demonstrate new roles for MAPK in the regulation of meiosis in mammalian oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibtissem Nabti
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
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43
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Emi2 mediates meiotic MII arrest by competitively inhibiting the binding of Ube2S to the APC/C. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3667. [PMID: 24770399 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In vertebrates, unfertilized eggs are arrested at metaphase of meiosis II by Emi2, a direct inhibitor of the APC/C ubiquitin ligase. Two different ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, UbcH10 and Ube2S, work with the APC/C to target APC/C substrates for degradation. However, their possible roles and regulations in unfertilized/fertilized eggs are not known. Here we use Xenopus egg extracts to show that both UbcH10 and Ube2S are required for rapid cyclin B degradation at fertilization, when APC/C binding of Ube2S, but not of UbcH10, increases several fold, coincidently with (SCF(β-TrCP)-dependent) Emi2 degradation. Interestingly, before fertilization, Emi2 directly inhibits APC/C-Ube2S binding via the C-terminal tail, but on fertilization, its degradation allows the binding mediated by the Ube2S C-terminal tail. Significantly, Emi2 and Ube2S bind commonly to the APC/C catalytic subunit APC10 via their similar C-terminal tails. Thus, Emi2 competitively inhibits APC/C-Ube2S binding before fertilization, while its degradation on fertilization relieves the inhibition for APC/C activation.
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44
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Zhang J, Wan L, Dai X, Sun Y, Wei W. Functional characterization of Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C) E3 ubiquitin ligases in tumorigenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1845:277-93. [PMID: 24569229 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Revised: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C) is a multi-subunit E3 ubiquitin ligase that primarily governs cell cycle progression. APC/C is composed of at least 14 core subunits and recruits its substrates for ubiquitination via one of the two adaptor proteins, Cdc20 or Cdh1, in M or M/early G1 phase, respectively. Furthermore, recent studies have shed light on crucial functions for APC/C in maintaining genomic integrity, neuronal differentiation, cellular metabolism and tumorigenesis. To gain better insight into the in vivo physiological functions of APC/C in regulating various cellular processes, particularly development and tumorigenesis, a number of mouse models of APC/C core subunits, coactivators or inhibitors have been established and characterized. However, due to their essential role in cell cycle regulation, most of the germline knockout mice targeting the APC/C pathway are embryonic lethal, indicating the need for generating conditional knockout mouse models to assess the role in tumorigenesis for each APC/C signaling component in specific tissues. In this review, we will first provide a brief introduction of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and the biochemical activities and cellular functions of the APC/C E3 ligase. We will then focus primarily on characterizing genetic mouse models used to understand the physiological roles of each APC/C signaling component in embryogenesis, cell proliferation, development and carcinogenesis. Finally, we discuss future research directions to further elucidate the physiological contributions of APC/C components during tumorigenesis and validate their potentials as a novel class of anti-cancer targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lixin Wan
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Xiangpeng Dai
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yi Sun
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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45
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Levasseur M, Dumollard R, Chambon JP, Hebras C, Sinclair M, Whitaker M, McDougall A. Release from meiotic arrest in ascidian eggs requires the activity of two phosphatases but not CaMKII. Development 2014; 140:4583-93. [PMID: 24194472 DOI: 10.1242/dev.096578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The fertilising sperm triggers a transient Ca(2+) increase that releases eggs from cell cycle arrest in the vast majority of animal eggs. In vertebrate eggs, Erp1, an APC/C(cdc20) inhibitor, links release from metaphase II arrest with the Ca(2+) transient and its degradation is triggered by the Ca(2+)-induced activation of CaMKII. By contrast, many invertebrate groups have mature eggs that arrest at metaphase I, and these species do not possess the CaMKII target Erp1 in their genomes. As a consequence, it is unknown exactly how cell cycle arrest at metaphase I is achieved and how the fertilisation Ca(2+) transient overcomes the arrest in the vast majority of animal species. Using live-cell imaging with a novel cyclin reporter to study cell cycle arrest and its release in urochordate ascidians, the closest living invertebrate group to the vertebrates, we have identified a new signalling pathway for cell cycle resumption in which CaMKII plays no part. Instead, we find that the Ca(2+)-activated phosphatase calcineurin (CN) is required for egg activation. Moreover, we demonstrate that parthenogenetic activation of metaphase I-arrested eggs by MEK inhibition, independent of a Ca(2+) increase, requires the activity of a second egg phosphatase: PP2A. Furthermore, PP2A activity, together with CN, is required for normal egg activation during fertilisation. As ascidians are a sister group of the vertebrates, we discuss these findings in relation to cell cycle arrest and egg activation in chordates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Levasseur
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
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46
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A functional genome-wide in vivo screen identifies new regulators of signalling pathways during early Xenopus embryogenesis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79469. [PMID: 24244509 PMCID: PMC3828355 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryonic development requires exquisite regulation of several essential processes, such as patterning of tissues and organs, cell fate decisions, and morphogenesis. Intriguingly, these diverse processes are controlled by only a handful of signalling pathways, and mis-regulation in one or more of these pathways may result in a variety of congenital defects and diseases. Consequently, investigating how these signalling pathways are regulated at the molecular level is essential to understanding the mechanisms underlying vertebrate embryogenesis, as well as developing treatments for human diseases. Here, we designed and performed a large-scale gain-of-function screen in Xenopus embryos aimed at identifying new regulators of MAPK/Erk, PI3K/Akt, BMP, and TGF-β/Nodal signalling pathways. Our gain-of-function screen is based on the identification of gene products that alter the phosphorylation state of key signalling molecules, which report the activation state of the pathways. In total, we have identified 20 new molecules that regulate the activity of one or more signalling pathways during early Xenopus development. This is the first time that such a functional screen has been performed, and the findings pave the way toward a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating the activity of important signalling pathways under normal and pathological conditions.
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47
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Nelson DE, Randle SJ, Laman H. Beyond ubiquitination: the atypical functions of Fbxo7 and other F-box proteins. Open Biol 2013; 3:130131. [PMID: 24107298 PMCID: PMC3814724 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.130131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
F-box proteins (FBPs) are substrate-recruiting subunits of Skp1-cullin1-FBP (SCF)-type E3 ubiquitin ligases. To date, 69 FBPs have been identified in humans, but ubiquitinated substrates have only been identified for a few, with the majority of FBPs remaining ‘orphans’. In recent years, a growing body of work has identified non-canonical, SCF-independent roles for about 12% of the human FBPs. These atypical FBPs affect processes as diverse as transcription, cell cycle regulation, mitochondrial dynamics and intracellular trafficking. Here, we provide a general review of FBPs, with a particular emphasis on these expanded functions. We review Fbxo7 as an exemplar of this special group as it has well-defined roles in both SCF and non-SCF complexes. We review its function as a cell cycle regulator, via its ability to stabilize p27 protein and Cdk6 complexes, and as a proteasome regulator, owing to its high affinity binding to PI31. We also highlight recent advances in our understanding of Fbxo7 function in Parkinson's disease, where it functions in the regulation of mitophagy with PINK1 and Parkin. We postulate that a few extraordinary FBPs act as platforms that seamlessly segue their canonical and non-canonical functions to integrate different cellular pathways and link their regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
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48
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Abstract
DNA replication is tightly controlled in eukaryotic cells to ensure that an exact copy of the genetic material is inherited by both daughter cells. Oscillating waves of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) and anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) activities provide a binary switch that permits the replication of each chromosome exactly once per cell cycle. Work from several organisms has revealed a conserved strategy whereby inactive replication complexes are assembled onto DNA during periods of low CDK and high APC activity but are competent to execute genome duplication only when these activities are reversed. Periods of high CDK and low APC/C serve an essential function by blocking reassembly of replication complexes, thereby preventing rereplication. Higher eukaryotes have evolved additional CDK-independent mechanisms for preventing rereplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Siddiqui
- Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms, Herts EN6 3LD, United Kingdom
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49
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Vinod P, Zhou X, Zhang T, Mayer TU, Novak B. The role of APC/C inhibitor Emi2/XErp1 in oscillatory dynamics of early embryonic cell cycles. Biophys Chem 2013; 177-178:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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50
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Nader N, Kulkarni RP, Dib M, Machaca K. How to make a good egg!: The need for remodeling of oocyte Ca(2+) signaling to mediate the egg-to-embryo transition. Cell Calcium 2012; 53:41-54. [PMID: 23266324 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2012.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The egg-to-embryo transition marks the initiation of multicellular organismal development and is mediated by a specialized Ca(2+) transient at fertilization. This explosive Ca(2+) signal has captured the interest and imagination of scientists for many decades, given its cataclysmic nature and necessity for the egg-to-embryo transition. Learning how the egg acquires the competency to generate this Ca(2+) transient at fertilization is essential to our understanding of the mechanisms controlling egg and the transition to embryogenesis. In this review we discuss our current knowledge of how Ca(2+) signaling pathways remodel during oocyte maturation in preparation for fertilization with a special emphasis on the frog oocyte as additional reviews in this issue will touch on this in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Nader
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar (WCMC-Q), Education City, Qatar Foundation, Qatar
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