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Manzoor S, Nabi SU, Rather TR, Gani G, Mir ZA, Wani AW, Ali S, Tyagi A, Manzar N. Advancing crop disease resistance through genome editing: a promising approach for enhancing agricultural production. Front Genome Ed 2024; 6:1399051. [PMID: 38988891 PMCID: PMC11234172 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2024.1399051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Modern agriculture has encountered several challenges in achieving constant yield stability especially due to disease outbreaks and lack of long-term disease-resistant crop cultivars. In the past, disease outbreaks in economically important crops had a major impact on food security and the economy. On the other hand climate-driven emergence of new pathovars or changes in their host specificity further poses a serious threat to sustainable agriculture. At present, chemical-based control strategies are frequently used to control microbial pathogens and pests, but they have detrimental impact on the environment and also resulted in the development of resistant phyto-pathogens. As a replacement, cultivating engineered disease-resistant crops can help to minimize the negative impact of regular pesticides on agriculture and the environment. Although traditional breeding and genetic engineering have been instrumental in crop disease improvement but they have certain limitations such as labour intensity, time consumption, and low efficiency. In this regard, genome editing has emerged as one of the potential tools for improving disease resistance in crops by targeting multiple traits with more accuracy and efficiency. For instance, genome editing techniques, such as CRISPR/Cas9, CRISPR/Cas13, base editing, TALENs, ZFNs, and meganucleases, have proved successful in improving disease resistance in crops through targeted mutagenesis, gene knockouts, knockdowns, modifications, and activation of target genes. CRISPR/Cas9 is unique among these techniques because of its remarkable efficacy, low risk of off-target repercussions, and ease of use. Some primary targets for developing CRISPR-mediated disease-resistant crops are host-susceptibility genes (the S gene method), resistance genes (R genes) and pathogen genetic material that prevents their development, broad-spectrum disease resistance. The use of genome editing methods has the potential to notably ameliorate crop disease resistance and transform agricultural practices in the future. This review highlights the impact of phyto-pathogens on agricultural productivity. Next, we discussed the tools for improving disease resistance while focusing on genome editing. We provided an update on the accomplishments of genome editing, and its potential to improve crop disease resistance against bacterial, fungal and viral pathogens in different crop systems. Finally, we highlighted the future challenges of genome editing in different crop systems for enhancing disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subaya Manzoor
- Division of Plant Pathology, FOA-SKUAST-K, Wadura, Srinagar, India
| | - Sajad Un Nabi
- ICAR-Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture, Srinagar, India
| | | | - Gousia Gani
- Division of Basic Science and Humanities, FOA-SKUAST-K, Wadura, Srinagar, India
| | - Zahoor Ahmad Mir
- Department of Plant Science and Agriculture, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ab Waheed Wani
- Department of Horticulture, LPU, Jalander, Punjab, India
| | - Sajad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Anshika Tyagi
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Nazia Manzar
- Plant Pathology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganism, Mau, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Ijaz U, Zhao C, Shabala S, Zhou M. Molecular Basis of Plant-Pathogen Interactions in the Agricultural Context. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:421. [PMID: 38927301 PMCID: PMC11200688 DOI: 10.3390/biology13060421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Biotic stressors pose significant threats to crop yield, jeopardizing food security and resulting in losses of over USD 220 billion per year by the agriculture industry. Plants activate innate defense mechanisms upon pathogen perception and invasion. The plant immune response comprises numerous concerted steps, including the recognition of invading pathogens, signal transduction, and activation of defensive pathways. However, pathogens have evolved various structures to evade plant immunity. Given these facts, genetic improvements to plants are required for sustainable disease management to ensure global food security. Advanced genetic technologies have offered new opportunities to revolutionize and boost plant disease resistance against devastating pathogens. Furthermore, targeting susceptibility (S) genes, such as OsERF922 and BnWRKY70, through CRISPR methodologies offers novel avenues for disrupting the molecular compatibility of pathogens and for introducing durable resistance against them in plants. Here, we provide a critical overview of advances in understanding disease resistance mechanisms. The review also critically examines management strategies under challenging environmental conditions and R-gene-based plant genome-engineering systems intending to enhance plant responses against emerging pathogens. This work underscores the transformative potential of modern genetic engineering practices in revolutionizing plant health and crop disease management while emphasizing the importance of responsible application to ensure sustainable and resilient agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Ijaz
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia; (U.I.); (C.Z.)
| | - Chenchen Zhao
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia; (U.I.); (C.Z.)
| | - Sergey Shabala
- School of Biological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Meixue Zhou
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia; (U.I.); (C.Z.)
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Meshram S, Gogoi R, Bashyal BM, Mandal PK, Hossain F, Kumar A. Investigation on comparative transcriptome profiling of resistant and susceptible non-CMS maize genotypes during Bipolaris maydis race O infection. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26538. [PMID: 38434297 PMCID: PMC10907655 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Maydis leaf blight is a significant disease of maize caused by Bipolaris maydis race T, O and C. Molecular mechanisms regulating defense responses in non-CMS maize towards race O fungus are not fully known. In the present investigation, comparative transcriptome profiling was conducted on a highly resistant maize genotype SC-7-2-1-2-6-1 against a standard susceptible variety CM 119 at 48 h post inoculation (h PI) along with non-infected control. mRNA sequencing generated 38.4 Gb data, where 9349602 reads were mapped uniquely in SC-7, whereas 2714725 reads were mapped uniquely in CM-119. In inoculated SC-7, the total number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) against control was 1413, where 1011 were up-regulated, and 402 were down-regulated. In susceptible inoculated genotype CM 119, the number of DEGs against control was 2902, where 1703 were up-, and 1199 were down-regulated. DEGs between inoculated resistant and susceptible genotypes were 10745, where 5343 were up-, and 5402 were down-regulated. The RNA-seq data were validated using RT-qPCR. The key findings are that SC-7 poses a robust plant signaling system mainly induced by oxidation-reduction process and calcium-mediated signaling. It regulates its fitness-related genes efficiently, viz., aldolase 2 gene, isopropanoid, phyto hormones, P450 cytochrome, amino acid synthesis, nitrogen assimilation genes etc. These findings showed more transcriptional changes in the SC-7 genotype, which contains many defence-related genes. They can be explored in future crop development programmes to combat multiple maize diseases. The current finding provides information to elucidate molecular and cellular processes occurring in maize during B. maydis race O infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robin Gogoi
- Division of Plant Pathology, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | | | - Pranab Kumar Mandal
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
- ICAR- National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | | | - Aundy Kumar
- Division of Plant Pathology, New Delhi 110 012, India
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Barghahn S, Saridis G, Mantz M, Meyer U, Mellüh JC, Misas Villamil JC, Huesgen PF, Doehlemann G. Combination of transcriptomic, proteomic, and degradomic profiling reveals common and distinct patterns of pathogen-induced cell death in maize. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:574-596. [PMID: 37339931 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Regulated cell death (RCD) is crucial for plant development, as well as in decision-making in plant-microbe interactions. Previous studies revealed components of the molecular network controlling RCD, including different proteases. However, the identity, the proteolytic network as well as molecular components involved in the initiation and execution of distinct plant RCD processes, still remain largely elusive. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptome, proteome, and N-terminome of Zea mays leaves treated with the Xanthomonas effector avrRxo1, the mycotoxin Fumonisin B1 (FB1), or the phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) to dissect plant cellular processes related to cell death and plant immunity. We found highly distinct and time-dependent biological processes being activated on transcriptional and proteome levels in response to avrRxo1, FB1, and SA. Correlation analysis of the transcriptome and proteome identified general, as well as trigger-specific markers for cell death in Zea mays. We found that proteases, particularly papain-like cysteine proteases, are specifically regulated during RCD. Collectively, this study characterizes distinct RCD responses in Z. mays and provides a framework for the mechanistic exploration of components involved in the initiation and execution of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Barghahn
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Georgios Saridis
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Melissa Mantz
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics, ZEA-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Medical Faculty and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ute Meyer
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Johana C Misas Villamil
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Pitter F Huesgen
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics, ZEA-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Medical Faculty and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gunther Doehlemann
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Wu T, Bi Y, Yu Y, Zhou Z, Yuan B, Ding X, Zhang Q, Chen X, Yang H, Liu H, Chu Z. Activated Expression of Rice DMR6-like Gene OsS3H Partially Explores the Susceptibility to Bacterial Leaf Streak Mediated by Knock-Out OsF3H04g. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13263. [PMID: 37686066 PMCID: PMC10487387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Downy Mildew Resistance 6-like (DMR6-like) genes are identified as salicylic acid (SA) hydroxylases and negative regulators of plant immunity. Previously, we identified two rice DMR6-like genes, OsF3H03g, and OsF3H04g, that act as susceptible targets of transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) from Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc), which causes bacterial leaf streak (BLS) in rice. Furthermore, all four homologs of rice DMR6-like proteins were identified to predominantly carry the enzyme activity of SA 5-hydroxylase (S5H), negatively regulate rice broad-spectrum resistance, and cause the loss of function of these OsDMR6s, leading to increased resistance to rice blast and bacterial blight (BB). Here, we curiously found that an OsF3H04g knock-out mutant created by T-DNA insertion, osf3h04g, was remarkedly susceptible to BLS and BB and showed an extreme reduction in SA content. OsF3H04g knock-out rice lines produced by gene-editing were mildly susceptible to BLS and reduced content of SA. To explore the susceptibility mechanism in OsF3H04g loss-of-function rice lines, transcriptome sequencing revealed that another homolog, OsS3H, had induced expression in the loss-of-function OsF3H04g rice lines. Furthermore, we confirmed that a great induction of OsS3H downstream and genomically adjacent to OsF3H04g in osf3h04g was primarily related to the inserted T-DNA carrying quadruple enhancer elements of 35S, while a slight induction was caused by an unknown mechanism in gene-editing lines. Then, we found that the overexpression of OsS3H increased rice susceptibility to BLS, while gene-editing mediated the loss-of-function OsS3H enhanced rice resistance to BLS. However, the knock-out of both OsF3H04g and OsS3H by gene-editing only neutralized rice resistance to BLS. Thus, we concluded that the knock-out of OsF3H04g activated the expression of the OsS3H, partially participating in the susceptibility to BLS in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (T.W.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Yunya Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (Y.B.); (Y.Y.); (Z.Z.); (X.C.)
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China;
| | - Yue Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (Y.B.); (Y.Y.); (Z.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Zhou Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (Y.B.); (Y.Y.); (Z.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Bin Yuan
- Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China;
| | - Xinhua Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (X.D.); (H.L.)
| | - Qingxia Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (T.W.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Xiangsong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (Y.B.); (Y.Y.); (Z.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Hong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China;
| | - Haifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (X.D.); (H.L.)
| | - Zhaohui Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (Y.B.); (Y.Y.); (Z.Z.); (X.C.)
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6
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Vo KTX, Yi Q, Jeon JS. Engineering effector-triggered immunity in rice: Obstacles and perspectives. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:1143-1156. [PMID: 36305486 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Improving rice immunity is one of the most effective approaches to reduce yield loss by biotic factors, with the aim of increasing rice production by 2050 amidst limited natural resources. Triggering a fast and strong immune response to pathogens, effector-triggered immunity (ETI) has intrigued scientists to intensively study and utilize the mechanisms for engineering highly resistant plants. The conservation of ETI components and mechanisms across species enables the use of ETI components to generate broad-spectrum resistance in plants. Numerous efforts have been made to introduce new resistance (R) genes, widen the effector recognition spectrum and generate on-demand R genes. Although engineering ETI across plant species is still associated with multiple challenges, previous attempts have provided an enhanced understanding of ETI mechanisms. Here, we provide a survey of recent reports in the engineering of rice R genes. In addition, we suggest a framework for future studies of R gene-effector interactions, including genome-scale investigations in both rice and pathogens, followed by structural studies of R proteins and effectors, and potential strategies to use important ETI components to improve rice immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieu Thi Xuan Vo
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Qi Yi
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Jong-Seong Jeon
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
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Oh S, Kim S, Park HJ, Kim MS, Seo MK, Wu CH, Lee HA, Kim HS, Kamoun S, Choi D. Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat network underlies nonhost resistance of pepper against the Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023. [PMID: 36912620 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nonhost resistance (NHR) is a robust plant immune response against non-adapted pathogens. A number of nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins that recognize non-adapted pathogens have been identified, although the underlying molecular mechanisms driving robustness of NHR are still unknown. Here, we screened 57 effectors of the potato late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans in nonhost pepper (Capsicum annuum) to identify avirulence effector candidates. Selected effectors were tested against 436 genome-wide cloned pepper NLRs, and we identified multiple functional NLRs that recognize P. infestans effectors and confer disease resistance in the Nicotiana benthamiana as a surrogate system. The identified NLRs were homologous to known NLRs derived from wild potatoes that recognize P. infestans effectors such as Avr2, Avrblb1, Avrblb2, and Avrvnt1. The identified CaRpi-blb2 is a homologue of Rpi-blb2, recognizes Avrblb2 family effectors, exhibits feature of lineage-specifically evolved gene in microsynteny and phylogenetic analyses, and requires pepper-specific NRC (NLR required for cell death)-type helper NLR for proper function. Moreover, CaRpi-blb2-mediated hypersensitive response and blight resistance were more tolerant to suppression by the PITG_15 278 than those mediated by Rpi-blb2. Combined results indicate that pepper has stacked multiple NLRs recognizing effectors of non-adapted P. infestans, and these NLRs could be more tolerant to pathogen-mediated immune suppression than NLRs derived from the host plants. Our study suggests that NLRs derived from nonhost plants have potential as untapped resources to develop crops with durable resistance against fast-evolving pathogens by stacking the network of nonhost NLRs into susceptible host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soohyun Oh
- Plant Immunity Research Center, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sejun Kim
- Plant Immunity Research Center, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Jeong Park
- Plant Immunity Research Center, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myung-Shin Kim
- Plant Immunity Research Center, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Ki Seo
- Plant Immunity Research Center, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chih-Hang Wu
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Hyun-Ah Lee
- Department of Horticulture, Division of Smart Horticulture, Yonam University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Soon Kim
- Korean Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sophien Kamoun
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Doil Choi
- Plant Immunity Research Center, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Han Z, Li F, Qiao W, Zheng X, Cheng Y, Zhang L, Huang J, Wang Y, Lou D, Xing M, Fan W, Nie Y, Guo W, Wang S, Liu Z, Yang Q. Global whole-genome comparison and analysis to classify subpopulations and identify resistance genes in weedy rice relevant for improving crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1089445. [PMID: 36704170 PMCID: PMC9872009 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1089445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Common weedy rice plants are important genetic resources for modern breeding programs because they are the closest relatives to rice cultivars and their genomes contain elite genes. Determining the utility and copy numbers of WRKY and nucleotide-binding site (NBS) resistance-related genes may help to clarify their variation patterns and lead to crop improvements. In this study, the weedy rice line LM8 was examined at the whole-genome level. To identify the Oryza sativa japonica subpopulation that LM8 belongs to, the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 180 cultivated and 23 weedy rice varieties were used to construct a phylogenetic tree and a principal component analysis and STRUCTURE analysis were performed. The results indicated that LM8 with admixture components from japonica (GJ) and indica (XI) belonged to GJ-admixture (GJ-adm), with more than 60% of its genetic background derived from XI-2 (22.98%), GJ-tropical (22.86%), and GJ-subtropical (17.76%). Less than 9% of its genetic background was introgressed from weedy rice. Our results also suggested LM8 may have originated in a subtropical or tropical geographic region. Moreover, the comparisons with Nipponbare (NIP) and Shuhui498 (R498) revealed many specific structure variations (SVs) in the LM8 genome and fewer SVs between LM8 and NIP than between LM8 and R498. Next, 96 WRKY and 464 NBS genes were identified and mapped on LM8 chromosomes to eliminate redundancies. Three WRKY genes (ORUFILM02g002693, ORUFILM05g002725, and ORUFILM05g001757) in group III and one RNL [including the resistance to powdery mildew 8 (RPW8) domain, NBS, and leucine rich repeats (LRRs)] type NBS gene (ORUFILM12g000772) were detected in LM8. Among the NBS genes, the RPW8 domain was detected only in ORUFILM12g000772. This gene may improve plant resistance to pathogens as previously reported. Its classification and potential utility imply LM8 should be considered as a germplasm resource relevant for rice breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyun Han
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Qiao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Xiaoming Zheng
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
- International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Yunlian Cheng
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingfen Huang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Danjing Lou
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Xing
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiya Fan
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yamin Nie
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenlong Guo
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shizhuang Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ziran Liu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingwen Yang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
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Liang Z, Ali Q, Wang Y, Mu G, Kan X, Ren Y, Manghwar H, Gu Q, Wu H, Gao X. Toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis Strains Derived from the Novel Crystal Protein Cry31Aa with High Nematicidal Activity against Rice Parasitic Nematode Aphelenchoides besseyi. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158189. [PMID: 35897765 PMCID: PMC9331774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant parasitic nematode, Aphelenchoides besseyi, is a serious pest causing severe damage to various crop plants and vegetables. The Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) strains, GBAC46 and NMTD81, and the biological strain, FZB42, showed higher nematicidal activity against A. besseyi, by up to 88.80, 82.65, and 75.87%, respectively, in a 96-well plate experiment. We screened the whole genomes of the selected strains by protein-nucleic acid alignment. It was found that the Bt strain GBAC46 showed three novel crystal proteins, namely, Cry31Aa, Cry73Aa, and Cry40ORF, which likely provide for the safe control of nematodes. The Cry31Aa protein was composed of 802 amino acids with a molecular weight of 90.257 kDa and contained a conserved delta-endotoxin insecticidal domain. The Cry31Aa exhibited significant nematicidal activity against A. besseyi with a lethal concentration (LC50) value of 131.80 μg/mL. Furthermore, the results of in vitro experiments (i.e., rhodamine and propidium iodide (PI) experiments) revealed that the Cry31Aa protein was taken up by A. besseyi, which caused damage to the nematode's intestinal cell membrane, indicating that the Cry31Aa produced a pore-formation toxin. In pot experiments, the selected strains GBAC46, NMTD81, and FZB42 significantly reduced the lesions on leaves by up to 33.56%, 45.66, and 30.34% and also enhanced physiological growth parameters such as root length (65.10, 50.65, and 55.60%), shoot length (68.10, 55.60, and 59.45%), and plant fresh weight (60.71, 56.45, and 55.65%), respectively. The number of nematodes obtained from the plants treated with the selected strains (i.e., GBAC46, NMTD81, and FZB42) and A. besseyi was significantly reduced, with 0.56, 0.83., 1.11, and 5.04 seedling mL-1 nematodes were achieved, respectively. Moreover, the qRT-PCR analysis showed that the defense-related genes were upregulated, and the activity of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) increased while malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased in rice leaves compared to the control. Therefore, it was concluded that the Bt strains GBAC46 and NMTD81 can promote rice growth, induce high expression of rice defense-related genes, and activate systemic resistance in rice. More importantly, the application of the novel Cry31Aa protein has high potential for the efficient and safe prevention and green control of plant parasitic nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Liang
- The Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya 572024, China; (Z.L.); (Q.A.); (Y.W.); (Y.R.); (Q.G.); (H.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qurban Ali
- The Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya 572024, China; (Z.L.); (Q.A.); (Y.W.); (Y.R.); (Q.G.); (H.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- The Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya 572024, China; (Z.L.); (Q.A.); (Y.W.); (Y.R.); (Q.G.); (H.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guangyuan Mu
- Shenzhen Batian Ecotypic Engineering Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518057, China; (G.M.); (X.K.)
| | - Xuefei Kan
- Shenzhen Batian Ecotypic Engineering Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518057, China; (G.M.); (X.K.)
| | - Yajun Ren
- The Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya 572024, China; (Z.L.); (Q.A.); (Y.W.); (Y.R.); (Q.G.); (H.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hakim Manghwar
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332000, China;
| | - Qin Gu
- The Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya 572024, China; (Z.L.); (Q.A.); (Y.W.); (Y.R.); (Q.G.); (H.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Huijun Wu
- The Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya 572024, China; (Z.L.); (Q.A.); (Y.W.); (Y.R.); (Q.G.); (H.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xuewen Gao
- The Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya 572024, China; (Z.L.); (Q.A.); (Y.W.); (Y.R.); (Q.G.); (H.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-025-8439-5268
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10
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Yu H, Yang Q, Fu F, Li W. Three strategies of transgenic manipulation for crop improvement. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:948518. [PMID: 35937379 PMCID: PMC9354092 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.948518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heterologous expression of exogenous genes, overexpression of endogenous genes, and suppressed expression of undesirable genes are the three strategies of transgenic manipulation for crop improvement. Up to 2020, most (227) of the singular transgenic events (265) of crops approved for commercial release worldwide have been developed by the first strategy. Thirty-eight of them have been transformed by synthetic sequences transcribing antisense or double-stranded RNAs and three by mutated copies for suppressed expression of undesirable genes (the third strategy). By the first and the third strategies, hundreds of transgenic events and thousands of varieties with significant improvement of resistance to herbicides and pesticides, as well as nutritional quality, have been developed and approved for commercial release. Their application has significantly decreased the use of synthetic pesticides and the cost of crop production and increased the yield of crops and the benefits to farmers. However, almost all the events overexpressing endogenous genes remain at the testing stage, except one for fertility restoration and another for pyramiding herbicide tolerance. The novel functions conferred by the heterologously expressing exogenous genes under the control of constitutive promoters are usually absent in the recipient crops themselves or perform in different pathways. However, the endogenous proteins encoded by the overexpressing endogenous genes are regulated in complex networks with functionally redundant and replaceable pathways and are difficult to confer the desirable phenotypes significantly. It is concluded that heterologous expression of exogenous genes and suppressed expression by RNA interference and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-cas (CRISPR/Cas) of undesirable genes are superior to the overexpression of endogenous genes for transgenic improvement of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fengling Fu
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wanchen Li
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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11
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Zhao Y, Zhu X, Chen X, Zhou JM. From plant immunity to crop disease resistance. J Genet Genomics 2022; 49:693-703. [PMID: 35728759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Plant diseases caused by diverse pathogens lead to serious reduction in crop yield and threaten food security worldwide. Genetic improvement of plant immunity is considered as the most effective and sustainable approach to control crop diseases. In the last decade, our understanding of plant immunity at both molecular and genomic levels has improved greatly. Combined with advances in biotechnologies, particularly CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing, we can now rapidly identify new resistance genes and engineer disease resistance crop plants like never before. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of plant immunity and outline existing and new strategies for disease resistance improvement in crop plants. We also discuss existing challenges in this field and suggest directions for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University at Wenjiang, Chengdu Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xuewei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University at Wenjiang, Chengdu Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Jian-Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, Hainai 572025, China.
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12
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Mohanty JK, Jha UC, Dixit GP, Parida SK. Harnessing the hidden allelic diversity of wild Cicer to accelerate genomics-assisted chickpea crop improvement. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:5697-5715. [PMID: 35708861 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07613-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Chickpea, commonly called Bengal gram or Garbanzo bean, faces a productivity crisis around the globe due to numerous biotic and abiotic stresses. The eroded genetic base of the cultivated Cicer gene pool is becoming a significant bottleneck in developing stress-resilient chickpea cultivars. In this scenario, the crop wild relatives (CWR) of chickpea, with the useful genomic wealth of their wild adaptation, give a ray of hope to improve the genetic background of the cultivated Cicer gene pool. To extrapolate these unearthed genomic diversities of wild, we require a thorough understanding of the pre-historic domestication episodes that are changing their shape with the expansion of the available scientific evidence. Keeping aforesaid in view, the current review article provides a glimpsed overview on several efforts done so far to reveal the mysterious origin and evolution of the Cicer gene pool, along with the constraints in their utilization for chickpea crop improvement. It encapsulates various stress-resilient CWR of chickpea and their use in several pre-breeding programs to develop numerous breeding populations for crop genetic enhancement. Further, this review will recapitulate the significant contributions of structural, functional and comparative genomics, pan-genomics and diverse genomics-assisted breeding strategy in dissecting the untapped trait-specific allelic/gene diversity and domestication pattern behind the CWR of chickpea, along with their potential and promises. We expect the newly explored genetic variations may be used in the breeding programs for re-wilding the cultigens' genomic background to open a new avenue for genetic gain and crop improvement capacity of chickpea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Kumar Mohanty
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Uday Chand Jha
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulse Research (IIPR), Kanpur, 208024, India
| | - G P Dixit
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulse Research (IIPR), Kanpur, 208024, India
| | - Swarup K Parida
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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13
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Zhang B, Han X, Yuan W, Zhang H. TALEs as double-edged swords in plant-pathogen interactions: Progress, challenges, and perspectives. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 3:100318. [PMID: 35576155 PMCID: PMC9251431 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Xanthomonas species colonize many host plants and cause huge losses worldwide. Transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) are secreted by Xanthomonas and translocated into host cells to manipulate the expression of target genes, especially by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola, which cause bacterial blight and bacterial leaf streak, respectively, in rice. In this review, we summarize the progress of studies on the interaction between Xanthomonas and hosts, covering both rice and other plants. TALEs are not only key factors that make plants susceptible but are also essential components of plant resistance. Characterization of TALEs and TALE-like proteins has improved our understanding of TALE evolution and promoted the development of gene editing tools. In addition, the interactions between TALEs and hosts have also provided strategies and possibilities for genetic engineering in crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Wenya Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Haitao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
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14
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Liu H, Lu C, Li Y, Wu T, Zhang B, Liu B, Feng W, Xu Q, Dong H, He S, Chu Z, Ding X. The bacterial effector AvrRxo1 inhibits vitamin B6 biosynthesis to promote infection in rice. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 3:100324. [PMID: 35576156 PMCID: PMC9251433 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc), which causes rice bacterial leaf streak, invades leaves mainly through stomata, which are often closed as a plant immune response against pathogen invasion. How Xoc overcomes stomatal immunity is unclear. Here, we show that the effector protein AvrRxo1, an ATP-dependent protease, enhances Xoc virulence and inhibits stomatal immunity by targeting and degrading rice OsPDX1 (pyridoxal phosphate synthase), thereby reducing vitamin B6 (VB6) levels in rice. VB6 is required for the activity of aldehyde oxidase, which catalyzes the last step of abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis, and ABA positively regulates rice stomatal immunity against Xoc. Thus, we provide evidence supporting a model in which a major bacterial pathogen inhibits plant stomatal immunity by directly targeting VB6 biosynthesis and consequently inhibiting the biosynthesis of ABA in guard cells to open stomata. Moreover, AvrRxo1-mediated VB6 targeting also explains the poor nutritional quality, including low VB6 levels, of Xoc-infected rice grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai an, 271018 Shandong, PR China; College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai an, 271018 Shandong, PR China
| | - Chongchong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai an, 271018 Shandong, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai an, 271018 Shandong, PR China
| | - Tao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai an, 271018 Shandong, PR China
| | - Baogang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai an, 271018 Shandong, PR China
| | - Baoyou Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai an, 271018 Shandong, PR China
| | - Wenjie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai an, 271018 Shandong, PR China
| | - Qian Xu
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai an, 271018 Shandong, PR China
| | - Hansong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai an, 271018 Shandong, PR China
| | - Shengyang He
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Zhaohui Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei, PR China.
| | - Xinhua Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai an, 271018 Shandong, PR China.
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15
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Receptor-mediated nonhost resistance in plants. Essays Biochem 2022; 66:435-445. [PMID: 35388900 PMCID: PMC9528085 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20210080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Nonhost resistance (NHR) is a plant immune response that prevents many microorganisms in the plant's environment from pathogenicity against the plant. Since successful pathogens have adapted to overcome the immune systems of their host, the durable nature of NHR has potential in the management of plant disease. At present, there is genetic and molecular evidence that the underlying molecular mechanisms of NHR are similar to the plant immune responses that occur in host plants following infection by adapted pathogens. We consider that the molecular basis of NHR is multilayered, conferred by physicochemical barriers and defense responses that are induced following molecular recognition events. Moreover, the relative contribution of each component may depend on evolutionary distances between host and nonhost plants of given pathogen species. This mini-review has focused on the current knowledge of plant NHR, especially the recognition of non-adapted pathogens by nonhost plants at the cellular level. Recent gains in understanding the roles of plasma membrane-localized pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) and the cytoplasmic nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) associated with these processes, as well as the genes involved, are summarized. Finally, we provide a theoretical perspective on the durability of receptor-mediated NHR and its practical potential as an innovative strategy for crop protection against pathogens.
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16
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Sapkota S, Catching KE, Raymer PL, Martinez-Espinoza AD, Bahri BA. New Approaches to an Old Problem: Dollar Spot of Turfgrass. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:469-480. [PMID: 34406790 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-11-20-0505-rvw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dollar spot, caused by fungal pathogens Clarireedia spp. (formerly Sclerotinia homoeocarpa), is the most common and widely distributed disease of turfgrass worldwide. It can drastically reduce the quality of turfgrass species and affect their aesthetic value and playability. Management of dollar spot typically includes a costly program of multiple application of fungicides within a growing season. Consequently, there have been reported cases of fungicide resistance in populations of Clarireedia spp. Host resistance could be an important component of dollar spot management; however, this approach has been hampered by the lack of sources of resistance because nearly all known warm- and cool-season turfgrass species are susceptible. With the recent advancement in genome sequencing technologies, studies on pathogen genomics and host-pathogen interactions are emerging with the hope of revealing candidate resistance genes in turfgrass and genes for virulence and pathogenicity in Clarireedia spp. Large-scale screening of turfgrass germplasm and quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis for dollar spot resistance are important for resistance breeding, but only a handful of such studies have been conducted to date. This review summarizes currently available information on the dollar spot pathosystem, taxonomy, pathogen genomics, host-pathogen interaction, genetics of resistance, and QTL mapping and also provides some thoughts for future research prospects to better manage this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Sapkota
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223
| | - Katherine E Catching
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223
| | - Paul L Raymer
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223
| | | | - Bochra A Bahri
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223
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17
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Wu T, Zhang H, Yuan B, Liu H, Kong L, Chu Z, Ding X. Tal2b targets and activates the expression of OsF3H 03g to hijack OsUGT74H4 and synergistically interfere with rice immunity. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:1864-1880. [PMID: 34812496 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Transcription activator-like (TAL) effectors are major virulence factors secreted by the type III secretion systems of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc) and X. oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), causing bacterial leaf streak and bacterial blight, respectively, in rice. However, the knowledge of Xoc TAL effector function in promoting bacterial virulence remains limited. Here, we isolated the highly virulent Xoc strain HGA4 from the outbreak region of Huanggang (Hubei, China), which contains four TAL effectors not found in the Chinese model strain RS105. Among these, Tal2b was selected for introduction into RS105, which resulted in a longer lesion length than that in the control. Tal2b directly binds to the promoter region of the gene and activates the expression of OsF3H03g , which encodes 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase in rice. OsF3H03g negatively regulates salicylic acid (SA)-related defense by directly reducing SA, and it plays a positive role in susceptibility to both Xoc and Xoo in rice. OsF3H03g interacts with a uridine diphosphate-glycosyltransferase protein (OsUGT74H4), which positively regulates bacterial leaf streak susceptibility and may inactivate SA via glycosylation modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Haimiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Bin Yuan
- Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430064, China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Lingguang Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Zhaohui Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Xinhua Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
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18
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Haq F, Xu X, Ma W, Shah SMA, Liu L, Zhu B, Zou L, Chen G. A Xanthomonas transcription activator-like effector is trapped in nonhost plants for immunity. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 3:100249. [PMID: 35059629 PMCID: PMC8760140 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), the causal agent of bacterial leaf blight in rice, delivers transcription activator-like effector (TALE) proteins into host cells to activate susceptibility or resistance (R) genes that promote disease or immunity, respectively. Nonhost plants serve as potential reservoirs of R genes; consequently, nonhost R genes may trap TALEs to trigger an immune response. In this study, we screened 17 Xoo TALEs for their ability to induce a hypersensitive response (HR) in the nonhost plant Nicotiana benthamiana (Nb); only AvrXa10 elicited an HR when transiently expressed in Nb. The HR generated by AvrXa10 required both the central repeat region and the activation domain, suggesting a specific interaction between AvrXa10 and a potential R-like gene in nonhost plants. Evans blue staining and ion leakage measurements confirmed that the AvrXa10-triggered HR was a form of cell death, and the transient expression of AvrXa10 in Nb induced immune responses. Genes targeted by AvrXa10 in the Nb genome were identified by transcriptome profiling and prediction of effector binding sites. Using several approaches (in vivo reporter assays, electrophoretic mobility-shift assays, targeted designer TALEs, and on-spot gene silencing), we confirmed that AvrXa10 targets NbZnFP1, a C2H2-type zinc finger protein that resides in the nucleus. Functional analysis indicated that overexpression of NbZnFP1 and its rice orthologs triggered cell death in rice protoplasts. An NbZnFP1 ortholog was also identified in tomato and was specifically activated by AvrXa10. These results demonstrate that NbZnFP1 is a nonhost R gene that traps AvrXa10 to promote plant immunity in Nb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazal Haq
- School of Agriculture and Biology/State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiameng Xu
- School of Agriculture and Biology/State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wenxiu Ma
- School of Agriculture and Biology/State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Syed Mashab Ali Shah
- School of Agriculture and Biology/State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Linlin Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology/State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- School of Agriculture and Biology/State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifang Zou
- School of Agriculture and Biology/State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Gongyou Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology/State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Corresponding author
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Genome-Wide Association Study of QTLs Conferring Resistance to Bacterial Leaf Streak in Rice. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102039. [PMID: 34685848 PMCID: PMC8541590 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial leaf streak (BLS) is a devastating rice disease caused by the bacterial pathogen, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc), which can result in severe damage to rice production worldwide. Based on a total of 510 rice accessions, trialed in two seasons and using six different multi-locus GWAS methods (mrMLM, ISIS EM-BLASSO, pLARmEB, FASTmrMLM, FASTmrEMMA and pKWmEB), 79 quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) reflecting 69 QTLs for BLS resistance were identified (LOD > 3). The QTNs were distributed on all chromosomes, with the most distributed on chromosome 11, followed by chromosomes 1 and 5. Each QTN had an additive effect of 0.20 (cm) and explained, on average, 2.44% of the phenotypic variance, varying from 0.00–0.92 (cm) and from 0.00–9.86%, respectively. Twenty-five QTNs were detected by at least two methods. Among them, qnBLS11.17 was detected by as many as five methods. Most of the QTNs showed a significant interaction with their environment, but no QTNs were detected in both seasons. By defining the QTL range for each QTN according to the LD half-decay distance, a total of 848 candidate genes were found for nine top QTNs. Among them, more than 10% were annotated to be related to biotic stress resistance, and five showed a significant response to Xoc infection. Our results could facilitate the in-depth study and marker-assisted improvement of rice resistance to BLS.
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Liu L, Jiang LG, Luo JH, Xia AA, Chen LQ, He Y. Genome-wide association study reveals the genetic architecture of root hair length in maize. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:664. [PMID: 34521344 PMCID: PMC8442424 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07961-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Root hair, a special type of tubular-shaped cell, outgrows from root epidermal cell and plays important roles in the acquisition of nutrients and water, as well as interactions with biotic and abiotic stress. Although many genes involved in root hair development have been identified, genetic basis of natural variation in root hair growth has never been explored. Results Here, we utilized a maize association panel including 281 inbred lines with tropical, subtropical, and temperate origins to decipher the phenotypic diversity and genetic basis of root hair length. We demonstrated significant associations of root hair length with many metabolic pathways and other agronomic traits. Combining root hair phenotypes with 1.25 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) via genome-wide association study (GWAS) revealed several candidate genes implicated in cellular signaling, polar growth, disease resistance and various metabolic pathways. Conclusions These results illustrate the genetic basis of root hair length in maize, offering a list of candidate genes predictably contributing to root hair growth, which are invaluable resource for the future functional investigation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07961-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lu-Guang Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, National Maize Improvement Center of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jin-Hong Luo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, National Maize Improvement Center of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ai-Ai Xia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, National Maize Improvement Center of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Li-Qun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yan He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, National Maize Improvement Center of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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21
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Schultink A, Steinbrenner AD. A playbook for developing disease-resistant crops through immune receptor identification and transfer. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 62:102089. [PMID: 34333377 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants are resistant to most pathogens because of an immune system that perceives invading microbes and activates defense. A large repertoire of innate immune receptors mediates specific direct or indirect recognition of pathogen-derived molecules. Disease is often a consequence of insufficient immune surveillance, and the transfer of immune receptor genes from resistant plants to susceptible crop varieties is an effective strategy for combating disease outbreaks. We discuss approaches for identifying intracellular and cell surface immune receptors, with particular focus on recently developed and emerging methodologies. We also review considerations for the transfer of immune receptor genes into crop species, including additional host factors that may be required for immune receptor function. Together, these concepts lay out a broadly applicable playbook for developing crop varieties with durable disease resistance.
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Hurtado P, Romero D, López Carrascal CE. ARABIDOPSIS MUESTRA RESISTENCIA NO-HOSPEDERO CONSTITUTIVA CONTRA Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. manihotis. ACTA BIOLÓGICA COLOMBIANA 2021. [DOI: 10.15446/abc.v26n3.83077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
La bacteriosis vascular de la yuca, causada por la bacteria gram negativa Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. manihotis (Xpm), anteriormente conocida como Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis, es la principal enfermedad bacteriana que compromete su producción. Con la meta de generar una resistencia durable y de amplio espectro a la bacteriosis es posible explotar los mecanismos naturales presentes en plantas no-hospedero. Arabidopsis es una planta modelo extensamente estudiada, la cual es no-hospedero de Xpm. La meta de este estudio fue determinar si la resistencia no-hospedero de Arabidopsis es consecuencia de la presencia de barreras físicas o si esta depende de determinantes genéticos. En este trabajo se evaluó la capacidad de plantas de Arabidopsis de responder a la inoculación con Xpm. Ninguno de los ocho ecotipos de Arabidopsis evaluados mostraron una respuesta hipersensible a la inoculación con ocho diferentes cepas de Xpm. Aunque no se identificó la presencia de especies reactivas de oxígeno si se encontró un bloqueo en el crecimiento de Xpm en las plantas de Arabidopsis. En conjunto, los resultados aquí presentados sugieren que Arabidopsis no está activando una respuesta contra Xpm y que la resistencia observada puede ser consecuencia de las barreras físicas presentes en Arabidopsis que Xpm no es capaz de superar.
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Jiang N, Fu J, Zeng Q, Liang Y, Shi Y, Li Z, Xiao Y, He Z, Wu Y, Long Y, Wang K, Yang Y, Liu X, Peng J. Genome-wide association mapping for resistance to bacterial blight and bacterial leaf streak in rice. PLANTA 2021; 253:94. [PMID: 33830376 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03612-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Using genome-wide SNP association mapping, a total of 77 and 7 loci were identified for rice bacterial blight and bacterial leaf streak resistance, respectively, which may facilitate rice resistance improvement. Bacterial blight (BB) and bacterial leaf streak (BLS) caused by Gram-negative bacteria Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and X. oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc), respectively, are two economically important diseases negatively affecting rice production. To mine new sources of resistance, a set of rice germplasm collection consisting of 895 re-sequenced accessions from the 3000 Rice Genomes Project (3 K RGP) were screened for BB and BLS resistance under field conditions. Higher levels of BB resistance were observed in aus/boro subgroup, whereas the japonica, temperate japonica and tropical japonica subgroups possessed comparatively high levels of resistance to BLS. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) mined 77 genomic loci significantly associated with BB and 7 with BLS resistance. The phenotypic variance (R2) explained by these loci ranged from 0.4 to 30.2%. Among the loci, 7 for BB resistance were co-localized with known BB resistance genes and one for BLS resistance overlapped with a previously reported BLS resistance QTL. A search for the candidates in other novel loci revealed several defense-related genes that may be involved in resistance to BB and BLS. High levels of phenotypic resistance to BB or BLS could be attributed to the accumulation of the resistance (R) alleles at the associated loci, indicating their potential value in rice resistance breeding via gene pyramiding. The GWAS analysis validated the known genes underlying BB and BLS resistance and identified novel loci that could enrich the current resistance gene pool. The resources with strong resistance and significant SNPs identified in this study are potentially useful in breeding for BB and BLS resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops and College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Huazhi Bio-Tech Company Ltd., Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Southern Rice Innovation and Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Disease and Pest Resistant Rice Breeding, Yuan Longping High-Tech Agriculture Company Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Jun Fu
- Key Laboratory of Southern Rice Innovation and Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Disease and Pest Resistant Rice Breeding, Yuan Longping High-Tech Agriculture Company Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Qin Zeng
- Huazhi Bio-Tech Company Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Yi Liang
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops and College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Huazhi Bio-Tech Company Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Yanlong Shi
- Huazhi Bio-Tech Company Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Zhouwei Li
- Huazhi Bio-Tech Company Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Youlun Xiao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Zhizhou He
- Huazhi Bio-Tech Company Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Yuntian Wu
- Huazhi Bio-Tech Company Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Yu Long
- Huazhi Bio-Tech Company Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Southern Rice Innovation and Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Disease and Pest Resistant Rice Breeding, Yuan Longping High-Tech Agriculture Company Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Yuanzhu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Southern Rice Innovation and Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Disease and Pest Resistant Rice Breeding, Yuan Longping High-Tech Agriculture Company Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Xionglun Liu
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops and College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.
| | - Junhua Peng
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops and College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.
- Huazhi Bio-Tech Company Ltd., Changsha, China.
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Liu X, Ao K, Yao J, Zhang Y, Li X. Engineering plant disease resistance against biotrophic pathogens. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 60:101987. [PMID: 33434797 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2020.101987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Breeding for disease resistance against microbial pathogens is essential for food security in modern agriculture. Conventional breeding, although widely accepted, is time consuming. An alternative approach is generating crop plants with desirable traits through genetic engineering. The collective efforts of many labs in the past 30 years have led to a comprehensive understanding of how plant immunity is achieved, enabling the application of genetic engineering to enhance disease resistance in crop plants. Here, we briefly review the engineering of disease resistance against biotrophic pathogens using various components of the plant immune system. Recent breakthroughs in immune receptors signaling and systemic acquired resistance (SAR), along with innovations in precise gene editing methods, provide exciting new opportunities for the development of improved environmentally friendly crop varieties that are disease resistant and high-yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueru Liu
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Rm 301, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Rm 3156, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Kevin Ao
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Rm 301, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Rm 3156, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jia Yao
- College of Life Science, Chongqing University, 55 University Town South Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Rm 3156, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Xin Li
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Rm 301, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Rm 3156, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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Hang T, Ling X, He C, Xie S, Jiang H, Ding T. Isolation of the ZmERS4 Gene From Maize and Its Functional Analysis in Transgenic Plants. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:632908. [PMID: 33776962 PMCID: PMC7994261 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.632908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A gene encoding a protein similar to ethylene receptor was isolated from maize (Zea mays L.), which was named as ZmERS4.The gene was 1,905 bp in length with an open reading frame that encoded a protein consisting of 634 amino acids. The homologous analysis showed that ZmERS4 shared high similarity with the ethylene receptor protein, OsERS1, from rice (Oryza sativa L.). ZmERS4 grouped into the ETR1 subfamily of ethylene receptors based on its conserved domain and phylogenetic status. Tissue-specific and induced expression analyses indicated that ZmERS4 was differentially expressed in maize tissues, predominantly in the stems and leaves, and was induced by salicylic acid (SA). Overexpression of ZmERS4 in Arabidopsis improved resistance against the bacterial pathogen, PstDC3000, by inducing the expression of SA signaling-related genes. Moreover, treatment with flg22 induced the expression of the defense-related gene, PR1, in maize protoplasts that transiently expressed ZmERS4. Furthermore, the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) analysis showed that the SA contents in ZmERS4-overexpressing Arabidopsis lines were significantly higher than the control lines. Additionally, the improved resistance of ZmERS4-overexpressing Arabidopsis against PstDC3000 was blocked after pretreatment with the SA biosynthetic inhibitor, ABT. Based on the collective findings, we hypothesize that ZmERS4 plays an important role in disease resistance through SA-mediated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlu Hang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xuezhi Ling
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng He
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Shanshan Xie
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Haiyang Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Ting Ding
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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26
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Prediction and Activity of a Cationic α-Helix Antimicrobial Peptide ZM-804 from Maize. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052643. [PMID: 33807972 PMCID: PMC7961353 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small molecules consisting of less than fifty residues of amino acids. Plant AMPs establish the first barrier of defense in the innate immune system in response to invading pathogens. The purpose of this study was to isolate new AMPs from the Zea mays L. inbred line B73 and investigate their antimicrobial activities and mechanisms against certain essential plant pathogenic bacteria. In silico, the Collection of Anti-Microbial Peptides (CAMPR3), a computational AMP prediction server, was used to screen a cDNA library for AMPs. A ZM-804 peptide, isolated from the Z. mays L. inbred line B73 cDNA library, was predicted as a new cationic AMP with high prediction values. ZM-804 was tested against eleven pathogens of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and exhibited high antimicrobial activities as determined by the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs). A confocal laser scanning microscope observation showed that the ZM-804 AMP targets bacterial cell membranes. SEM and TEM images revealed the disruption and damage of the cell membrane morphology of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 caused by ZM-804. In planta, ZM-804 demonstrated antimicrobial activity and prevented the infection of tomato plants by Pst DC3000. Moreover, four virulent phytopathogenic bacteria were prevented from inducing hypersensitive response (HR) in tobacco leaves in response to low ZM-804 concentrations. ZM-804 exhibits low hemolytic activity against mouse red blood cells (RBCs) and is relatively safe for mammalian cells. In conclusion, the ZM-804 peptide has a strong antibacterial activity and provides an alternative tool for plant disease control. Additionally, the ZM-804 peptide is considered a promising candidate for human and animal drug development.
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27
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Hatta MAM, Arora S, Ghosh S, Matny O, Smedley MA, Yu G, Chakraborty S, Bhatt D, Xia X, Steuernagel B, Richardson T, Mago R, Lagudah ES, Patron NJ, Ayliffe M, Rouse MN, Harwood WA, Periyannan S, Steffenson BJ, Wulff BB. The wheat Sr22, Sr33, Sr35 and Sr45 genes confer resistance against stem rust in barley. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:273-284. [PMID: 32744350 PMCID: PMC7868974 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In the last 20 years, stem rust caused by the fungus Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt), has re-emerged as a major threat to wheat and barley production in Africa and Europe. In contrast to wheat with 60 designated stem rust (Sr) resistance genes, barley's genetic variation for stem rust resistance is very narrow with only ten resistance genes genetically identified. Of these, only one complex locus consisting of three genes is effective against TTKSK, a widely virulent Pgt race of the Ug99 tribe which emerged in Uganda in 1999 and has since spread to much of East Africa and parts of the Middle East. The objective of this study was to assess the functionality, in barley, of cloned wheat Sr genes effective against race TTKSK. Sr22, Sr33, Sr35 and Sr45 were transformed into barley cv. Golden Promise using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. All four genes were found to confer effective stem rust resistance. The barley transgenics remained susceptible to the barley leaf rust pathogen Puccinia hordei, indicating that the resistance conferred by these wheat Sr genes was specific for Pgt. Furthermore, these transgenic plants did not display significant adverse agronomic effects in the absence of disease. Cloned Sr genes from wheat are therefore a potential source of resistance against wheat stem rust in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Asyraf Md Hatta
- John Innes CentreNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
- Department of Agriculture TechnologyFaculty of AgricultureUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdangMalaysia
| | - Sanu Arora
- John Innes CentreNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | - Sreya Ghosh
- John Innes CentreNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | - Oadi Matny
- Department of Plant PathologyStakman Borlaug Center for Sustainable Plant HealthUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMNUSA
| | | | - Guotai Yu
- John Innes CentreNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | - Soma Chakraborty
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)Agriculture and FoodCanberraACTAustralia
| | - Dhara Bhatt
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)Agriculture and FoodCanberraACTAustralia
| | - Xiaodi Xia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)Agriculture and FoodCanberraACTAustralia
| | | | - Terese Richardson
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)Agriculture and FoodCanberraACTAustralia
| | - Rohit Mago
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)Agriculture and FoodCanberraACTAustralia
| | - Evans S. Lagudah
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)Agriculture and FoodCanberraACTAustralia
| | | | - Michael Ayliffe
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)Agriculture and FoodCanberraACTAustralia
| | - Matthew N. Rouse
- Department of Plant PathologyStakman Borlaug Center for Sustainable Plant HealthUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMNUSA
- USDA‐ARS Cereal Disease LaboratorySt. PaulMNUSA
| | | | - Sambasivam Periyannan
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)Agriculture and FoodCanberraACTAustralia
| | - Brian J. Steffenson
- Department of Plant PathologyStakman Borlaug Center for Sustainable Plant HealthUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMNUSA
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Córdoba-Castro LA, Salgado-Morales R, Torres M, Martínez-Aguilar L, Lozano L, Vences-Guzmán MÁ, Guan Z, Dantán-González E, Serrano M, Sohlenkamp C. Ornithine Lipids in Burkholderia spp. Pathogenicity. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 7:610932. [PMID: 33469548 PMCID: PMC7814305 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.610932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Burkholderia sensu lato is composed of a diverse and metabolically versatile group of bacterial species. One characteristic thought to be unique for the genus Burkholderia is the presence of two forms each (with and without 2-hydroxylation) of the membrane lipids phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and ornithine lipids (OLs). Here, we show that only Burkholderia sensu stricto strains constitutively form OLs, whereas all other analyzed strains belonging to the Burkholderia sensu lato group constitutively form the two forms of PE, but no OLs. We selected two model bacteria to study the function of OL in Burkholderia sensu lato: (1) Burkholderia cenocepacia wild-type which constitutively forms OLs and its mutant deficient in the formation of OLs and (2) Robbsia andropogonis (formerly Burkholderia andropogonis) which does not form OL constitutively, and a derived strain constitutively forming OLs. Both were characterized under free-living conditions and during pathogenic interactions with their respective hosts. The absence of OLs in B. cenocepacia slightly affected bacterial growth under specific abiotic stress conditions such as high temperature and low pH. B. cenocepacia lacking OLs caused lower mortality in Galleria mellonella larvae while R. andropogonis constitutively forming OLs triggers an increased formation of reactive oxygen species immediately after infection of maize leaves, suggesting that OLs can have an important role during the activation of the innate immune response of eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz América Córdoba-Castro
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico.,Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Rosalba Salgado-Morales
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Martha Torres
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | - Luis Lozano
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | - Ziqiang Guan
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Edgar Dantán-González
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Mario Serrano
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Christian Sohlenkamp
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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29
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Dalio RJD, Litholdo CG, Arena G, Magalhães D, Machado MA. Contribution of Omics and Systems Biology to Plant Biotechnology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1346:171-188. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-80352-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Xie X, Chen Z, Zhang B, Guan H, Zheng Y, Lan T, Zhang J, Qin M, Wu W. Transcriptome analysis of xa5-mediated resistance to bacterial leaf streak in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Sci Rep 2020; 10:19439. [PMID: 33173096 PMCID: PMC7656458 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74515-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial leaf steak (BLS) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc) is a devastating disease in rice production. The resistance to BLS in rice is a quantitatively inherited trait, of which the molecular mechanism is still unclear. It has been proved that xa5, a recessive bacterial blast resistance gene, is the most possible candidate gene of the QTL qBlsr5a for BLS resistance. To study the molecular mechanism of xa5 function in BLS resistance, we created transgenic lines with RNAi of Xa5 (LOC_Os05g01710) and used RNA-seq to analyze the transcriptomes of a Xa5-RNAi line and the wild-type line at 9 h after inoculation with Xoc, with the mock inoculation as control. We found that Xa5-RNAi could (1) increase the resistance to BLS as expected from xa5; (2) alter (mainly up-regulate) the expression of hundreds of genes, most of which were related to disease resistance; and (3) greatly enhance the response of thousands of genes to Xoc infection, especially of the genes involved in cell death pathways. The results suggest that xa5 is the cause of BLS-resistance of QTL qBlsr5a and it displays BLS resistance effect probably mainly because of the enhanced response of the cell death-related genes to Xoc infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Binghui Zhang
- Institute of Tobacco Science, Fujian Provincial Tobacco Company, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huazhong Guan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tao Lan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mingyue Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weiren Wu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
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Panstruga R, Moscou MJ. What is the Molecular Basis of Nonhost Resistance? MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2020; 33:1253-1264. [PMID: 32808862 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-06-20-0161-cr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This article is part of the Top 10 Unanswered Questions in MPMI invited review series.Nonhost resistance is typically considered the ability of a plant species to repel all attempts of a pathogen species to colonize it and reproduce on it. Based on this common definition, nonhost resistance is presumed to be very durable and, thus, of great interest for its potential use in agriculture. Despite considerable research efforts, the molecular basis of this type of plant immunity remains nebulous. We here stress the fact that "nonhost resistance" is a phenomenological rather than a mechanistic concept that comprises more facets than typically considered. We further argue that nonhost resistance essentially relies on the very same genes and pathways as other types of plant immunity, of which some may act as bottlenecks for particular pathogens on a given plant species or under certain conditions. Thus, in our view, the frequently used term "nonhost genes" is misleading and should be avoided. Depending on the plant-pathogen combination, nonhost resistance may involve the recognition of pathogen effectors by host immune sensor proteins, which might give rise to host shifts or host range expansions due to evolutionary-conditioned gains and losses in respective armories. Thus, the extent of nonhost resistance also defines pathogen host ranges. In some instances, immune-related genes can be transferred across plant species to boost defense, resulting in augmented disease resistance. We discuss future routes for deepening our understanding of nonhost resistance and argue that the confusing term "nonhost resistance" should be used more cautiously in the light of a holistic view of plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Panstruga
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Biology I, Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Worringer Weg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthew J Moscou
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UK, United Kingdom
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32
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In S, Lee HA, Woo J, Park E, Choi D. Molecular Characterization of a Pathogen-Inducible Bidirectional Promoter from Hot Pepper ( Capsicum annuum). MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2020; 33:1330-1339. [PMID: 32781924 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-07-20-0183-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In hot pepper, the sesquiterpene phytoalexin capsidiol is catalyzed by the two final-step enzymes, a sesquiterpene cyclase (EAS) and a hydroxylase (EAH), which are genetically linked and present as head-to-head orientation in the genome. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that a subset of EAS and EAH is highly induced following pathogen infection, suggesting the coregulation of EAS and EAH by a potential bidirectional activity of the promoter (pCaD). A series of the nested deletions of pCaD in both directions verified the bidirectional promoter activity of the pCaD. Promoter deletion analysis revealed that the 226 bp of the adjacent promoter region of EAS and GCC-box in EAH orientation were determined as critical regulatory elements for the induction of each gene. Based on promoter analyses, we generated a set of synthetic promoters to maximize reporter gene expression within the minimal length of the promoter in both directions. We found that the reporter gene expression was remarkably induced upon infection with Phytophthora capsici, Phytophthora infestans, and bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 but not with necrotrophic fungi Botrytis cinerea. Our results confirmed the bidirectional activity of the pCaD located between the head-to-head oriented phytoalexin biosynthetic genes in hot pepper. Furthermore, the synthetic promoter modified in pCaD could be a potential tool for pathogen-inducible expression of target genes for developing disease-resistant crops.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solhee In
- Department of Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ah Lee
- Division of Eco-Friendly Horticulture, Yonam College, Cheonan 31005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongchan Woo
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, U.S.A
| | - Eunsook Park
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, U.S.A
| | - Doil Choi
- Department of Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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34
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van Wersch S, Tian L, Hoy R, Li X. Plant NLRs: The Whistleblowers of Plant Immunity. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 1:100016. [PMID: 33404540 PMCID: PMC7747998 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2019.100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The study of plant diseases is almost as old as agriculture itself. Advancements in molecular biology have given us much more insight into the plant immune system and how it detects the many pathogens plants may encounter. Members of the primary family of plant resistance (R) proteins, NLRs, contain three distinct domains, and appear to use several different mechanisms to recognize pathogen effectors and trigger immunity. Understanding the molecular process of NLR recognition and activation has been greatly aided by advancements in structural studies, with ZAR1 recently becoming the first full-length NLR to be visualized. Genetic and biochemical analysis identified many critical components for NLR activation and homeostasis control. The increased study of helper NLRs has also provided insights into the downstream signaling pathways of NLRs. This review summarizes the progress in the last decades on plant NLR research, focusing on the mechanistic understanding that has been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solveig van Wersch
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Michael Smith Labs, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lei Tian
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Michael Smith Labs, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ryan Hoy
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Michael Smith Labs, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Jiang N, Yan J, Liang Y, Shi Y, He Z, Wu Y, Zeng Q, Liu X, Peng J. Resistance Genes and their Interactions with Bacterial Blight/Leaf Streak Pathogens (Xanthomonas oryzae) in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)-an Updated Review. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 13:3. [PMID: 31915945 PMCID: PMC6949332 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-019-0358-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food crop, feeding more than 50% of the world's population. Diseases caused by bacterial, fungal, and viral pathogens constantly threaten the rice production and lead to enormous yield losses. Bacterial blight (BB) and bacterial leaf streak (BLS), caused respectively by gram-negative bacteria Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc), are two important diseases affecting rice production worldwide. Due to the economic importance, extensive genetic and genomic studies have been conducted to elucidate the molecular mechanism of rice response to Xoo and Xoc in the last two decades. A series of resistance (R) genes and their cognate avirulence and virulence effector genes have been characterized. Here, we summarize the recent advances in studies on interactions between rice and the two pathogens through these R genes or their products and effectors. Breeding strategies to develop varieties with durable and broad-spectrum resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae based on the published studies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
- Huazhi Rice Bio-tech Company Ltd., Changsha, 410125 Hunan China
| | - Jun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture Rural Affairs, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106 Sichuan China
| | - Yi Liang
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
- Huazhi Rice Bio-tech Company Ltd., Changsha, 410125 Hunan China
| | - Yanlong Shi
- Huazhi Rice Bio-tech Company Ltd., Changsha, 410125 Hunan China
| | - Zhizhou He
- Huazhi Rice Bio-tech Company Ltd., Changsha, 410125 Hunan China
| | - Yuntian Wu
- Huazhi Rice Bio-tech Company Ltd., Changsha, 410125 Hunan China
| | - Qin Zeng
- Huazhi Rice Bio-tech Company Ltd., Changsha, 410125 Hunan China
| | - Xionglun Liu
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
| | - Junhua Peng
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
- Huazhi Rice Bio-tech Company Ltd., Changsha, 410125 Hunan China
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36
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Bagga S, Lucero Y, Apodaca K, Rajapakse W, Lujan P, Ortega JL, Sengupta-Gopalan C. Chile (Capsicum annuum) plants transformed with the RB gene from Solanum bulbocastanum are resistant to Phytophthora capsici. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223213. [PMID: 31589629 PMCID: PMC6779293 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytophthora capsici is a soil borne pathogen, and is among the most destructive pathogens for Capsicum annuum (chile). P. capsici is known to cause diseases on all parts of the chile plants. Therefore, it requires independent resistance genes to control disease symptoms that are induced by each of the P. capsici strains. This requirement of multiple resistance genes to confer resistance to P. capsici, in chile makes breeding for resistance a daunting pursuit. Against this backdrop, a genetic engineering approach would be to introduce a broad host resistance gene into chile in order to protect it from different races of P. capsici. Notably, a broad host resistance gene RB from Solanum bulbocastanum has been shown to confer resistance to P. infestans in both S. tuberosum and S. lycopersicum. We agroinfiltrated the RB gene into the leaves of susceptible chile plants, demonstrating that the gene is also capable of lending resistance to P. capsici in chile. We introduced the RB gene into chile by developing an Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation system. The integration of the RB gene into the genome of the primary transformants and its subsequent transfer to the F1 generation was confirmed by genomic PCR using primers specific for the RB gene. A 3:1 ratio for the presence and absence of the RB gene was observed in the F1 progeny. In addition to showing resistance to P. capsici in a leaf inoculation experiment, about 30% of the F1 progeny also exhibited resistance to root inoculation. Our data, when taken together, suggests that the RB gene from S. bulbocastanum confers resistance against P. capsici in C. annuum, thereby demonstrating that the RB gene has an even broader host range than reported in the literature–both in terms of the host and the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Bagga
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States of America
| | - Yvonne Lucero
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States of America
| | - Kimberly Apodaca
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States of America
| | - Wathsala Rajapakse
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States of America
| | - Phillip Lujan
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology, Weed Science, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States of America
| | - Jose Luis Ortega
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States of America
| | - Champa Sengupta-Gopalan
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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37
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Ayliffe M, Sørensen CK. Plant nonhost resistance: paradigms and new environments. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 50:104-113. [PMID: 31075541 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Nonhost resistance (NHR) protects plants from a large and diverse array of potential phytopathogens. Each phytopathogen can parasitise some plant species, but most plant species are nonhosts that are innately immune due to a series of physical, chemical and inducible defenses these nonadapted pathogens cannot overcome. New evidence supports the NHR paradigm that posits the inability of potential pathogens to colonise nonhost plants is frequently due to molecular incompatibility between pathogen virulence factors and plant cellular targets. While NHR is durable, it is not insurmountable. Environmental changes can facilitate pathogen host jumps or alternatively result in new encounters between previously isolated plant species and pathogens. Climate change is predicted to substantially alter the current distribution of plants and their pathogens which could result in parasitism of new plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ayliffe
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Box 1700, Clunies Ross Street, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Chris K Sørensen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200, Slagelse, Denmark
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38
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Zhang Y, Guo M, Shen J, Song X, Dong S, Wen Y, Yuan X, Guo P. Comparative Genomics Analysis in Grass Species Reveals Two Distinct Evolutionary Strategies Adopted by R Genes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10735. [PMID: 31341223 PMCID: PMC6656885 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47121-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance genes play an important role in the defense of plants against the invasion of pathogens. In Setaria italica and closely related grass species, R genes have been identified through genetic mapping and genome-wide homologous/domain searching. However, there has been to date no systematic analysis of the evolutionary features of R genes across all sequenced grass genomes. Here, we determined and comprehensively compared R genes in all 12 assembled grass genomes and an outgroup species (Arabidopsis thaliana) through synteny and selection analyses of multiple genomes. We found that the two groups of nucleotide binding site (NBS) domains containing R genes—R tandem duplications (TD) and R singletons—adopted different strategies and showed different features in their evolution. Based on Ka/Ks analysis between syntenic R loci pairs of TDs or singletons, we conclude that R singletons are under stronger purifying selection to be conserved among different grass species than R TDs, while R genes located at TD arrays have evolved much faster through diversifying selection. Furthermore, using the variome datasets of S. italica populations, we scanned for selection signals on genes and observed that a part of R singleton genes have been under purifying selection in populations of S. italica, which is consistent with the pattern observed in syntenic R singletons among different grass species. Additionally, we checked the synteny relationships of reported R genes in grass species and found that the functionally mapped R genes for novel resistance traits are prone to appear in TDs and are heavily divergent from their syntenic orthologs in other grass species, such the black streak R gene Rxo1 in Z. mays and the blast R gene Pi37 in O. sativa. These findings indicate that the R genes from TDs adopted tandem duplications to evolve faster and accumulate more mutations to facilitate functional innovation to cope with variable threats from a fluctuating environment, while R singletons provide a way for R genes to maintain sequence stability and retain conservation of function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Zhang
- Agronomy College, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Meijun Guo
- Agronomy College, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Agronomy College, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Xie Song
- Agronomy College, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Shuqi Dong
- Agronomy College, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Yinyuan Wen
- Agronomy College, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Xiangyang Yuan
- Agronomy College, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Pingyi Guo
- Agronomy College, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China.
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Ramakrishnan SM, Sidhu JS, Ali S, Kaur N, Wu J, Sehgal SK. Molecular characterization of bacterial leaf streak resistance in hard winter wheat. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7276. [PMID: 31341737 PMCID: PMC6637926 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial leaf streak (BLS) caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. translucens is one of the major bacterial diseases threatening wheat production in the United States Northern Great Plains (NGP) region. It is a sporadic but widespread wheat disease that can cause significant loss in grain yield and quality. Identification and characterization of genomic regions in wheat that confer resistance to BLS will help track resistance genes/QTLs in future wheat breeding. In this study, we evaluated a hard winter wheat association mapping panel (HWWAMP) containing 299 hard winter wheat lines from the US hard winter wheat growing region for their reactions to BLS. We observed a range of BLS responses among the lines, importantly, we identified ten genotypes that showed a resistant reaction both in greenhouse and field evaluation. -Genome-wide association analysis with 15,990 SNPs was conducted using an exponentially compressed mixed linear model. Five genomic regions (p < 0.001) that regulate the resistance to BLS were identified on chromosomes 1AL, 1BS, 3AL, 4AL, and 7AS. The QTLs Q.bls.sdsu-1AL, Q.bls.sdsu-1BS, Q.bls.sdsu-3AL, Q.bls.sdsu-4AL, and Q.bls.sdsu-7AS explain a total of 42% of the variation. In silico analysis of sequences in the candidate regions on chromosomes 1AL, 1BS, 3AL, 4AL, and 7AS identified 10, 25, 22, eight, and nine genes, respectively with known plant defense-related functions. Comparative analysis with rice showed two syntenic regions in rice that harbor genes for bacterial leaf streak resistance. The ten BLS resistant genotypes and SNP markers linked to the QTLs identified in our study could facilitate breeding for BLS resistance in winter wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Mukund Ramakrishnan
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Jagdeep Singh Sidhu
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Shaukat Ali
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Navjot Kaur
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Jixiang Wu
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Sunish K. Sehgal
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
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Prasad P, Savadi S, Bhardwaj SC, Gangwar OP, Kumar S. Rust pathogen effectors: perspectives in resistance breeding. PLANTA 2019; 250:1-22. [PMID: 30980247 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03167-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Identification and functional characterization of plant pathogen effectors promise to ameliorate future research and develop effective and sustainable strategies for controlling or containing crop diseases. Wheat is the second most important food crop of the world after rice. Rust pathogens, one of the major biotic stresses in wheat production, are capable of threatening the world food security. Understanding the molecular basis of plant-pathogen interactions is essential for devising novel strategies for resistance breeding and disease management. Now, it has been established that effectors, the proteins secreted by pathogens, play a key role in plant-pathogen interactions. Therefore, effector biology has emerged as one of the most important research fields in plant biology. Recent advances in genomics and bioinformatics have allowed identification of a large repertoire of candidate effectors, while the evolving high-throughput tools have continued to assist in their functional characterization. The repertoires of effectors have become an important resource for better understanding of effector biology of pathosystems and resistance breeding of crop plants. In recent years, a significant progress has been made in the field of rust effector biology. This review describes the recent advances in effector biology of obligate fungal pathogens, identification and functional analysis of wheat rust pathogens effectors and the potential applications of effectors in molecular plant biology and rust resistance breeding in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Prasad
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Regional Station, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171002, India
| | - Siddanna Savadi
- ICAR-Directorate of Cashew Research, Puttur, Karnataka, 574202, India
| | - S C Bhardwaj
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Regional Station, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171002, India.
| | - O P Gangwar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Regional Station, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171002, India
| | - Subodh Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Regional Station, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171002, India
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41
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Dong OX, Ronald PC. Genetic Engineering for Disease Resistance in Plants: Recent Progress and Future Perspectives. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 180:26-38. [PMID: 30867331 PMCID: PMC6501101 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A review of the recent progress in plant genetic engineering for disease resistance highlights future challenges and opportunities in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Xiaoou Dong
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616
- Innovative Genomics Institute, Berkeley, California 94704
| | - Pamela C Ronald
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616
- Innovative Genomics Institute, Berkeley, California 94704
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42
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Shi Q, Pitino M, Zhang S, Krystel J, Cano LM, Shatters RG, Hall DG, Stover E. Temporal and spatial detection of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus putative effector transcripts during interaction with Huanglongbing-susceptible, -tolerant, and -resistant citrus hosts. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:122. [PMID: 30940073 PMCID: PMC6444692 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1703-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) is a bacterial disease with high economic significance. The associated agent Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus is a fastidious, phloem-limited, intracellular bacterium that is transmitted by an insect vector the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP). The genome of Ca. L. asiaticus contains protein secretion machinery that suggests host cell modulation capacity of this bacterium. RESULTS A total of 28 candidate effectors, an important class of secreted proteins, were predicted from the Ca. L. asiaticus genome. Sequence specific primers were designed for reverse transcription (RT) and quantitative PCR (qPCR), and expression was validated for 20 of the effector candidates in infected citrus with multiple genetic background. Using detached leaf inoculation, the mRNA of effectors was detected from 6 h to 7 days post ACP exposure. It was observed that higher bacterial titers were associated with a larger number of effectors showing amplification across all samples. The effectors' expression were compared in citrus hosts with various levels of HLB tolerance, including susceptible Duncan grapefruit and Washington navel orange, tolerant citron and Cleopatra mandarin, and resistant Pomeroy trifoliate and Carrizo citrange. Across all genotypes relatively high expression was observed for CLIBASIA_03695, CLIBASIA_00460, CLIBASIA_00420, CLIBASIA_04580, CLIBASIA_05320, CLIBASIA_04425, CLIBASIA_00525 and CLIBASIA_05315 in either a host-specific or -nonspecific manners. The two genotypes in each HLB-response group also show effector-expression profiles that seem to be different. In a companion study, the expression of effectors was compared between leaves and roots of own-rooted citrus that had been Ca. L. asiaticus-infected for more than a year. Results indicated relatively high expression of CLIBASIA_03875, CLIBASIA_04800 and CLIBASIA_05640 in all leaf and some root tissues of citron, Duncan and Cleopatra. CONCLUSION This temporal and spatial expression analysis of Ca. L. asiaticus effectors identified candidates possibly critical for early bacterial colonization, host tolerance suppression and long-term survival which are all worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchun Shi
- U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Pierce, FL USA
| | - Marco Pitino
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Pathology, Indian River Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL USA
| | - Shujian Zhang
- U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Pierce, FL USA
| | - Joseph Krystel
- U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Pierce, FL USA
| | - Liliana M. Cano
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Pathology, Indian River Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL USA
| | - Robert G. Shatters
- U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Pierce, FL USA
| | - David G. Hall
- U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Pierce, FL USA
| | - Ed Stover
- U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Pierce, FL USA
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Sánchez-Martín J, Keller B. Contribution of recent technological advances to future resistance breeding. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2019; 132:713-732. [PMID: 30756126 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03297-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The development of durable host resistance strategies to control crop diseases is a primary need for sustainable agricultural production in the future. This article highlights the potential of recent progress in the understanding of host resistance for future cereal breeding. Much of the novel work is based on advancements in large-scale sequencing and genomics, rapid gene isolation techniques and high-throughput molecular marker technologies. Moreover, emerging applications on the pathogen side like effector identification or field pathogenomics are discussed. The combination of knowledge from both sides of cereal pathosystems will result in new approaches for resistance breeding. We describe future applications and innovative strategies to implement effective and durable strategies to combat diseases of major cereal crops while reducing pesticide dependency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Sánchez-Martín
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Beat Keller
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
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Liu F, Xu Y, Zhou L, Ali A, Jiang H, Zhu S, Li X. DNA Repair Gene ZmRAD51A Improves Rice and Arabidopsis Resistance to Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E807. [PMID: 30781829 PMCID: PMC6412738 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
RAD51 (DNA repair gene) family genes play ubiquitous roles in immune response among species from plants to mammals. In this study, we cloned the ZmRAD51A gene (a member of RAD51) in maize and generated ZmRAD51A overexpression (ZmRAD51A-OE) in rice, tobacco, and Arabidopsis. The expression level of ZmRAD51A was remarkably induced by salicylic acid (SA) application in maize, and the transient overexpression of ZmRAD51A in tobacco induced a hypersensitive response. The disease resistance was significantly enhanced in ZmRAD51A- OE (overexpressing) plants, triggering an increased expression of defense-related genes. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that, compared to control lines, ZmRAD51A-OE in rice plants resulted in higher SA levels, and conferred rice plants resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae. Moreover, the ZmRAD51A-OE Arabidopsis plants displayed increased resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 when compared to wild types. Together, our results provide the evidence that, for the first time, the maize DNA repair gene ZmRAD51A plays an important role in in disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Yunjian Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Lingyan Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Asif Ali
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Haiyang Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Suwen Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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Arora S, Steuernagel B, Gaurav K, Chandramohan S, Long Y, Matny O, Johnson R, Enk J, Periyannan S, Singh N, Asyraf Md Hatta M, Athiyannan N, Cheema J, Yu G, Kangara N, Ghosh S, Szabo LJ, Poland J, Bariana H, Jones JDG, Bentley AR, Ayliffe M, Olson E, Xu SS, Steffenson BJ, Lagudah E, Wulff BBH. Resistance gene cloning from a wild crop relative by sequence capture and association genetics. Nat Biotechnol 2019; 37:139-143. [PMID: 30718880 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-018-0007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Disease resistance (R) genes from wild relatives could be used to engineer broad-spectrum resistance in domesticated crops. We combined association genetics with R gene enrichment sequencing (AgRenSeq) to exploit pan-genome variation in wild diploid wheat and rapidly clone four stem rust resistance genes. AgRenSeq enables R gene cloning in any crop that has a diverse germplasm panel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanu Arora
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Kumar Gaurav
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Sutha Chandramohan
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Yunming Long
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Oadi Matny
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Ryan Johnson
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Jacob Enk
- Arbor Biosciences, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sambasivam Periyannan
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Narinder Singh
- Wheat Genetics Resource Center, Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - M Asyraf Md Hatta
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.,Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Naveenkumar Athiyannan
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Guotai Yu
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Sreya Ghosh
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Les J Szabo
- US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Cereal Disease Laboratory, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Jesse Poland
- Wheat Genetics Resource Center, Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Harbans Bariana
- The University of Sydney Plant Breeding Institute, Cobbitty, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | - Mick Ayliffe
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Eric Olson
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Steven S Xu
- US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Northern Crop Science Laboratory, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Red River Valley Agricultural Research Center, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Brian J Steffenson
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Evans Lagudah
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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Fonseca JP, Mysore KS. Genes involved in nonhost disease resistance as a key to engineer durable resistance in crops. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 279:108-116. [PMID: 30709487 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Most potential pathogens fail to establish virulence for a plethora of plants found in nature. This intrinsic property to resist pathogen virulence displayed by organisms without triggering canonical resistance (R) genes has been termed nonhost resistance (NHR). While host resistance involves recognition of pathogen elicitors such as avirulence factors by bona fide R proteins, mechanism of NHR seems less obvious, often involving more than one gene. We can generally describe NHR in two steps: 1) pre-invasive resistance, either passive or active, which can restrict the pathogen from entering the host, and 2) post-invasive resistance, an active defense response that often results in hypersensitive response like programmed cell death and reactive oxygen species accumulation. While PAMP-triggered-immunity (PTI) is generally effective against nonhost pathogens, effector-triggered-immunity (ETI) can be effective against both host and nonhost pathogens. Prolonged interactions between adapted pathogens and their resistant host plants results in co-evolution, which can lead to new pathogen strains that can be virulent and cause disease on supposedly resistant host. In this context, engineering durable resistance by manipulating genes involved in NHR is an attractive approach for sustainable agriculture. Several genes involved in NHR have been characterized for their role in plant defense. In this review, we report genes involved in NHR identified to date and highlight a few examples where genes involved in NHR have been used to confer resistance in crop plants against economically important diseases.
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Kapos P, Devendrakumar KT, Li X. Plant NLRs: From discovery to application. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 279:3-18. [PMID: 30709490 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plants require a complex immune system to defend themselves against a wide range of pathogens which threaten their growth and development. The nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat proteins (NLRs) are immune sensors that recognize effectors delivered by pathogens. The first NLR was cloned more than twenty years ago. Since this initial discovery, NLRs have been described as key components of plant immunity responsible for pathogen recognition and triggering defense responses. They have now been described in most of the well-studied mulitcellular plant species, with most having large NLR repertoires. As research has progressed so has the understanding of how NLRs interact with their recognition substrates and how they in turn activate downstream signalling. It has also become apparent that NLR regulation occurs at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels. Even before the first NLR was cloned, breeders were utilising such genes to increase crop performance. Increased understanding of the mechanistic details of the plant immune system enable the generation of plants resistant against devastating pathogens. This review aims to give an updated summary of the NLR field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Kapos
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Karen Thulasi Devendrakumar
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Xin Li
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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Xu Y, Liu F, Zhu S, Li X. Expression of a maize NBS gene ZmNBS42 enhances disease resistance in Arabidopsis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2018; 37:1523-1532. [PMID: 30039463 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-018-2324-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Expression of the ZmNBS42 in Arabidopsis plants conferred resistance to bacterial pathogens, providing potential resistance enhancement of maize in further genetic breeding. Nucleotide-binding site (NBS) domain proteins play critical roles in disease resistance. In this study, we isolate a novel NBS gene ZmNBS42 from maize and systematically investigate its function on disease resistance. We find that the expression levels of ZmNBS42 in maize leaf were strikingly increased in response to Bipolaris maydis inoculation and SA treatment. The spatial expression pattern analysis reveals that, during development, ZmNBS42 is ubiquitously highly expressed in maize root, leaf, stem, internode and seed, but lowly expressed in pericarp and embryo. To better understand the roles of ZmNBS42, we overexpressed ZmNBS42 in heterologous systems. Transient overexpression of ZmNBS42 in the leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana induces a hypersensitive response. ZmNBS42 overexpression (ZmNBS42-OE) Arabidopsis plants produced more SA content than Col-0 plants, and increased the expression levels of some defense-responsive genes compared to Col-0 plants. Moreover, the ZmNBS42-OE Arabidopsis plants displayed enhanced resistance against Pseudomonas syringae pathovar tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000). These results together suggest that ZmNBS42 can serve as an important regulator in disease resistance, thus better understanding of ZmNBS42 would benefit the resistance enhancement in maize breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjian Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Fang Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Suwen Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China.
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Rice Routes of Countering Xanthomonas oryzae. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103008. [PMID: 30279356 PMCID: PMC6213470 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial blight (BB) and bacterial leaf streak (BLS), caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola, respectively, are two devastating diseases in rice planting areas worldwide. It has been proven that adoption of rice resistance is the most effective, economic, and environment-friendly strategy to avoid yield loss caused by BB and BLS. As a model system for plant—pathogen interaction, the rice—X. oryzae pathosystem has been intensively investigated in the past decade. Abundant studies have shown that the resistance and susceptibility of rice to X. oryzae is determined by molecular interactions between rice genes or their products and various pathogen effectors. In this review, we briefly overviewed the literature regarding the diverse interactions, focusing on recent advances in uncovering mechanisms of rice resistance and X. oryzae virulence. Our analysis and discussions will not only be helpful for getting a better understanding of coevolution of the rice innate immunity and X. oryzae virulence, but it will also provide new insights for application of plant R genes in crop breeding.
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50
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Chakraborty J, Ghosh P, Das S. Autoimmunity in plants. PLANTA 2018; 248:751-767. [PMID: 30046903 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2956-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Attenuation in the activity of the negative regulators or the hyperactivity of plant innate immune receptors often causes ectopic defense activation manifested in severe growth retardation and spontaneous lesion formations, referred to as autoimmunity. In this review, we have described the cellular and molecular basis of the development of autoimmune responses for their useful applications in plant defense. Plants are exposed to diverse disease-causing pathogens, which bring infections by taking over the control on host immune machineries. To counter the challenges of evolving pathogenic races, plants recruit specific types of intracellular immune receptors that mostly belong to the family of polymorphic nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins. Upon recognition of effector molecules, NLR triggers hyperimmune signaling, which culminates in the form of a typical programmed cell death, designated hypersensitive response. Besides, few plant NLRs also guard certain host proteins known as 'guardee' that are modified by effector proteins. However, this fine-tuned innate immune system can be lopsided upon knock-out of the alleles that correspond to the host guardees, which mimick the presence of pathogen. The absence of pathogens causes inappropriate activation of the respective NLRs and results in the constitutive activation of plant defense and exhibiting autoimmunity. In plants, autoimmune mutants are readily scorable due to their dwarf phenotype and development of characteristic macroscopic disease lesions. Here, we summarize recent reports on autoimmune response in plants, how it is triggered, and phenotypic consequences associated with this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydeep Chakraborty
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, Centenary Campus, P-1/12, CIT Scheme-VIIM, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Prithwi Ghosh
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, Centenary Campus, P-1/12, CIT Scheme-VIIM, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, 700054, West Bengal, India
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Sampa Das
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, Centenary Campus, P-1/12, CIT Scheme-VIIM, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, 700054, West Bengal, India.
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