1
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Ruddle NH. Posttransplant Tertiary Lymphoid Organs. Transplantation 2024; 108:1090-1099. [PMID: 37917987 PMCID: PMC11042531 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs), also known as tertiary or ectopic lymphoid structures or tissues, are accumulations of lymphoid cells in sites other than canonical lymphoid organs, that arise through lymphoid neogenesis during chronic inflammation in autoimmunity, microbial infection, cancer, aging, and transplantation, the focus of this review. Lymph nodes and TLOs are compared regarding their cellular composition, organization, vascular components, and migratory signal regulation. These characteristics of posttransplant TLOs (PT-TLOs) are described with individual examples in a wide range of organs including heart, kidney, trachea, lung, artery, skin, leg, hand, and face, in many species including human, mouse, rat, and monkey. The requirements for induction and maintenance of TLOs include sustained exposure to autoantigens, alloantigens, tumor antigens, ischemic reperfusion, nephrotoxic agents, and aging. Several staging schemes have been put forth regarding their function in organ rejection. PT-TLOs most often are associated with organ rejection, but in some cases contribute to tolerance. The role of PT-TLOs in cancer is considered in the case of immunosuppression. Furthermore, TLOs can be associated with development of lymphomas. Challenges for PT-TLO research are considered regarding staging, imaging, and opportunities for their therapeutic manipulation to inhibit rejection and encourage tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy H. Ruddle
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
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2
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Tsokos GC, Boulougoura A, Kasinath V, Endo Y, Abdi R, Li H. The immunoregulatory roles of non-haematopoietic cells in the kidney. Nat Rev Nephrol 2024; 20:206-217. [PMID: 37985868 PMCID: PMC11005998 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00786-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The deposition of immune complexes, activation of complement and infiltration of the kidney by cells of the adaptive and innate immune systems have long been considered responsible for the induction of kidney damage in autoimmune, alloimmune and other inflammatory kidney diseases. However, emerging findings have highlighted the contribution of resident immune cells and of immune molecules expressed by kidney-resident parenchymal cells to disease processes. Several types of kidney parenchymal cells seem to express a variety of immune molecules with a distinct topographic distribution, which may reflect the exposure of these cells to different pathogenic threats or microenvironments. A growing body of literature suggests that these cells can stimulate the infiltration of immune cells that provide protection against infections or contribute to inflammation - a process that is also regulated by draining kidney lymph nodes. Moreover, components of the immune system, such as autoantibodies, cytokines and immune cells, can influence the metabolic profile of kidney parenchymal cells in the kidney, highlighting the importance of crosstalk in pathogenic processes. The development of targeted nanomedicine approaches that modulate the immune response or control inflammation and damage directly within the kidney has the potential to eliminate the need for systemically acting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- George C Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | - Vivek Kasinath
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yushiro Endo
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Reza Abdi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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3
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Fedrigo M, Berry GJ, Coutance G, Reed EF, Lin CY, Giarraputo A, Kransdorf E, Thaunat O, Goddard M, Angelini A, Neil DAH, Bruneval P, Duong Van Huyen JP, Loupy A, Miller DV. Report of the 2022 Banff Heart Concurrent: Focus on non-human leukocyte antigen antibodies in rejection and the pathology of "mixed" rejection. Am J Transplant 2024; 24:533-541. [PMID: 37838218 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
The Banff Heart Concurrent Session, held as part of the 16th Banff Foundation for Allograft Pathology Conference at Banff, Alberta, Canada, on September 21, 2022, focused on 2 major topics: non-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies and mixed rejection. Each topic was addressed in a multidisciplinary fashion with clinical, immunological, and pathology perspectives and future developments and prospectives. Following the Banff organization model and principles, the collective aim of the speakers on each topic was to • Determine current knowledge gaps in heart transplant pathology • Identify limitations of current pathology classification systems • Discuss next steps in addressing gaps and refining classification system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marny Fedrigo
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padova, Padua Italy
| | - Gerald J Berry
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Guillaume Coutance
- Department of cardiac surgery, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Sorbonne University Medical School, Paris France
| | - Elaine F Reed
- UCLA Immunogenetics Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Chieh-Yu Lin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Alessia Giarraputo
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padova, Padua Italy
| | - Evan Kransdorf
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Beverly Hills, California, USA
| | - Olivier Thaunat
- Department of Transplantation, Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon France
| | - Martin Goddard
- The Cardiothoracic Transplant Unit Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Annalisa Angelini
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padova, Padua Italy
| | - Desley A H Neil
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Bruneval
- Université de Paris Cité, INSERM, PARCC, Paris Institute for Transplantation and Organ Regeneration, Paris, France
| | | | - Alexandre Loupy
- Université de Paris Cité, INSERM, PARCC, Paris Institute for Transplantation and Organ Regeneration, Paris, France
| | - Dylan V Miller
- Utah Transplant Affiliated Hospitals (UTAH) Heart Transplant Network, Intermountain Central Laboratory, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
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4
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Terada Y, Li W, Shepherd HM, Takahashi T, Yokoyama Y, Bery AI, Mineura K, Bai YZ, Ritter JH, Hachem RR, Bharat A, Lavine KJ, Nava RG, Puri V, Krupnick AS, Gelman AE, Reed HO, Wong BW, Kreisel D. Smoking exposure-induced bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue in donor lungs does not prevent tolerance induction after transplantation. Am J Transplant 2024; 24:280-292. [PMID: 37619922 PMCID: PMC11088405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The presence of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) in donor lungs has been suggested to accelerate graft rejection after lung transplantation. Although chronic smoke exposure can induce BALT formation, the impact of donor cigarette use on alloimmune responses after lung transplantation is not well understood. Here, we show that smoking-induced BALT in mouse donor lungs contains Foxp3+ T cells and undergoes dynamic restructuring after transplantation, including recruitment of recipient-derived leukocytes to areas of pre-existing lymphoid follicles and replacement of graft-resident donor cells. Our findings from mouse and human lung transplant data support the notion that a donor's smoking history does not predispose to acute cellular rejection or prevent the establishment of allograft acceptance with comparable outcomes to nonsmoking donors. Thus, our work indicates that BALT in donor lungs is plastic in nature and may have important implications for modulating proinflammatory or tolerogenic immune responses following transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Terada
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Hailey M Shepherd
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Tsuyoshi Takahashi
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yuhei Yokoyama
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Amit I Bery
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Katsutaka Mineura
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yun Zhu Bai
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jon H Ritter
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ramsey R Hachem
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ankit Bharat
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kory J Lavine
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ruben G Nava
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Varun Puri
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Andrew E Gelman
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Brian W Wong
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
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5
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Short S, Lewik G, Issa F. An Immune Atlas of T Cells in Transplant Rejection: Pathways and Therapeutic Opportunities. Transplantation 2023; 107:2341-2352. [PMID: 37026708 PMCID: PMC10593150 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Short-term outcomes in allotransplantation are excellent due to technical and pharmacological advances; however, improvement in long-term outcomes has been limited. Recurrent episodes of acute cellular rejection, a primarily T cell-mediated response to transplanted tissue, have been implicated in the development of chronic allograft dysfunction and loss. Although it is well established that acute cellular rejection is primarily a CD4 + and CD8 + T cell mediated response, significant heterogeneity exists within these cell compartments. During immune responses, naïve CD4 + T cells are activated and subsequently differentiate into specific T helper subsets under the influence of the local cytokine milieu. These subsets have distinct phenotypic and functional characteristics, with reported differences in their contribution to rejection responses specifically. Of particular relevance are the regulatory subsets and their potential to promote tolerance of allografts. Unraveling the specific contributions of these cell subsets in the context of transplantation is complex, but may reveal new avenues of therapeutic intervention for the prevention of rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Short
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Guido Lewik
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Fadi Issa
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
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6
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Chen T, Cao Z, Sun Y, Huang J, Shen S, Jin Y, Jiang L, Wen F, Zhao X, Zhang D, Chen Y, Huang M, Chen H, Lu S, Li Z. Neoadjuvant Chemoimmunotherapy Increases Tumor Immune Lymphocytes Infiltration in Resectable Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2023; 30:7549-7560. [PMID: 37587362 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-023-14123-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy treatment (NCIT) has achieved great success for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, the intrinsic mechanism underlying this treatment remains unclear. METHODS Thirty-two patients with stage IIA-IIIC NSCLC who underwent surgery after NCIT were included in this retrospective study. Multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) staining and image analysis assays were performed on the samples collected before and after NCIT for each patient. RNA analyses was applied to confirm the mIF results. RESULTS Among the enrolled patients, 14 achieved major pathological response or pathological complete response (pCR) and were defined as the 'response' group, whereas 18 patients did not respond well to NCIT and were defined as the 'nonresponse' group. The results of the mIF assays revealed an overall increase in tumor immune lymphocytes (TILs) after NCIT in the stroma area (p = 0.03) rather than the tumor area (p = 0.86). The percentage of CD8+ T cells and tertiary lymphoid structure counts in both the response and nonresponse groups increased significantly after NCIT compared with before NCIT. CD3+ T cells and FOXP3+ cells decreased significantly in the response group but remained unchanged or increased in the nonresponse group. A comparison of the response and nonresponse groups showed that CD3, FOXP3+ and CD8+/PD-1+ cells before NCIT may serve as predictors of the response to neoadjuvant immunotherapy. The RNA analyses confirmed the mIF results that TILs were elevated after NCIT. CONCLUSIONS The infiltration of immune cells before NCIT was correlated with pathologic complete response, which enhanced the TILs as a promising predictor for selecting patients who were more likely to benefit from NCIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiang Chen
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengqi Cao
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjia Sun
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Huang
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengping Shen
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueping Jin
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Long Jiang
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengcai Wen
- The Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochen Zhao
- The Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Ding Zhang
- The Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Chen
- The Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Mengli Huang
- The Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Chen
- The Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Shun Lu
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ziming Li
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Strizova Z, Benesova I, Bartolini R, Novysedlak R, Cecrdlova E, Foley L, Striz I. M1/M2 macrophages and their overlaps - myth or reality? Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:1067-1093. [PMID: 37530555 PMCID: PMC10407193 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages represent heterogeneous cell population with important roles in defence mechanisms and in homoeostasis. Tissue macrophages from diverse anatomical locations adopt distinct activation states. M1 and M2 macrophages are two polarized forms of mononuclear phagocyte in vitro differentiation with distinct phenotypic patterns and functional properties, but in vivo, there is a wide range of different macrophage phenotypes in between depending on the microenvironment and natural signals they receive. In human infections, pathogens use different strategies to combat macrophages and these strategies include shaping the macrophage polarization towards one or another phenotype. Macrophages infiltrating the tumours can affect the patient's prognosis. M2 macrophages have been shown to promote tumour growth, while M1 macrophages provide both tumour-promoting and anti-tumour properties. In autoimmune diseases, both prolonged M1 activation, as well as altered M2 function can contribute to their onset and activity. In human atherosclerotic lesions, macrophages expressing both M1 and M2 profiles have been detected as one of the potential factors affecting occurrence of cardiovascular diseases. In allergic inflammation, T2 cytokines drive macrophage polarization towards M2 profiles, which promote airway inflammation and remodelling. M1 macrophages in transplantations seem to contribute to acute rejection, while M2 macrophages promote the fibrosis of the graft. The view of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages and M2 macrophages suppressing inflammation seems to be an oversimplification because these cells exploit very high level of plasticity and represent a large scale of different immunophenotypes with overlapping properties. In this respect, it would be more precise to describe macrophages as M1-like and M2-like.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Strizova
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, 15006, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Benesova
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, 15006, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Robin Bartolini
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TT, U.K
| | - Rene Novysedlak
- Third Department of Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, 15006, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Cecrdlova
- Department of Clinical and Transplant Immunology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lily Koumbas Foley
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TT, U.K
| | - Ilja Striz
- Department of Clinical and Transplant Immunology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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8
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Subburayalu J. Immune surveillance and humoral immune responses in kidney transplantation - A look back at T follicular helper cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1114842. [PMID: 37503334 PMCID: PMC10368994 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1114842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
T follicular helper cells comprise a specialized, heterogeneous subset of immune-competent T helper cells capable of influencing B cell responses in lymphoid tissues. In physiology, for example in response to microbial challenges or vaccination, this interaction chiefly results in the production of protecting antibodies and humoral memory. In the context of kidney transplantation, however, immune surveillance provided by T follicular helper cells can take a life of its own despite matching of human leukocyte antigens and employing the latest immunosuppressive regiments. This puts kidney transplant recipients at risk of subclinical and clinical rejection episodes with a potential risk for allograft loss. In this review, the current understanding of immune surveillance provided by T follicular helper cells is briefly described in physiological responses to contrast those pathological responses observed after kidney transplantation. Sensitization of T follicular helper cells with the subsequent emergence of detectable donor-specific human leukocyte antigen antibodies, non-human leukocyte antigen antibodies their implication for kidney transplantation and lessons learnt from other transplantation "settings" with special attention to antibody-mediated rejection will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Subburayalu
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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9
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Sato Y, Silina K, van den Broek M, Hirahara K, Yanagita M. The roles of tertiary lymphoid structures in chronic diseases. Nat Rev Nephrol 2023:10.1038/s41581-023-00706-z. [PMID: 37046081 PMCID: PMC10092939 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00706-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are ectopic lymphoid tissues that drive antigen-specific immune responses at sites of chronic inflammation. Unlike secondary lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes, TLSs lack capsules and have their own unique characteristics and functions. The presumed influence of TLSs on the disease course has led to widespread interest in obtaining a better understanding of their biology and function. Studies using single-cell analyses have suggested heterogeneity in TLS composition and phenotype, and consequently, functional correlates with disease progression are sometimes conflicting. The presence of TLSs correlates with a favourable disease course in cancer and infection. Conversely, in autoimmune diseases and chronic age-related inflammatory diseases including chronic kidney disease, the presence of TLSs is associated with a more severe disease course. However, the detailed mechanisms that underlie these clinical associations are not fully understood. To what extent the mechanisms of TLS development and maturation are shared across organs and diseases is also still obscure. Improved understanding of TLS development and function at the cellular and molecular levels may enable the exploitation of these structures to improve therapies for chronic diseases, including chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Sato
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Karina Silina
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Kiyoshi Hirahara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Synergy Institute for Futuristic Mucosal Vaccine Research and Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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10
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Biased IL-2 signals induce Foxp3-rich pulmonary lymphoid structures and facilitate long-term lung allograft acceptance in mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1383. [PMID: 36914624 PMCID: PMC10011523 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36924-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of solid organs can be life-saving in patients with end-stage organ failure, however, graft rejection remains a major challenge. In this study, by pre-conditioning with interleukin-2 (IL-2)/anti-IL-2 antibody complex treatment biased toward IL-2 receptor α, we achieved acceptance of fully mismatched orthotopic lung allografts that remained morphologically and functionally intact for more than 90 days in immunocompetent mice. These allografts are tolerated by the actions of forkhead box p3 (Foxp3)+ regulatory T (Treg) cells that home to the lung allografts. Although counts of circulating Treg cells rapidly return to baseline following cessation of IL-2 treatment, Foxp3+ Treg cells persist in peribronchial and peribronchiolar areas of the grafted lungs, forming organized clusters reminiscent of inducible tertiary lymphoid structures (iTLS). These iTLS in lung allografts are made of Foxp3+ Treg cells, conventional T cells, and B cells, as evidenced by using microscopy-based distribution and neighborhood analyses. Foxp3-transgenic mice with inducible and selective deletion of Foxp3+ cells are unable to form iTLS in lung allografts, and these mice acutely reject lung allografts. Collectively, we report that short-term, high-intensity and biased IL-2 pre-conditioning facilitates acceptance of vascularized and ventilated lung allografts without the need of immunosuppression, by inducing Foxp3-controlled iTLS formation within allografts.
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11
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Zorn E. Intragraft B Cells, Just Not Like the Others. Transplantation 2023; 107:e45-e46. [PMID: 36398358 PMCID: PMC9877120 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Zorn
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NY
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12
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Jin L, Gao W, Chen P, Zhao W, Zhao Y, Li D, Zhou J, Yu B, Dong G. Murine neonatal dermal fibroblast acquires a lymphoid tissue organizer cell-like activity upon synergistic activation of TNF-α receptor and LTβ receptor. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119399. [PMID: 36402207 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) are ectopic aggregates of immune cells. As accumulating studies demonstrate TLOs as a predictor of better prognosis in certain cancers, targeting TLO formation, which is tightly regulated by the lymphoid tissue organizer cells (LTOs), has become intriguing in cancer treatment. However, the clinical outcome of these attempts is limited, because the approaches for activating tumor adjacent LTO is lack and little is known about what type of self-cell can be used as LTO to initiate TLO formation. Here we demonstrate that co-stimulation with membrane-bound ligand LTα1β2 and soluble TNF-α could induced an LTO-like activity in murine neonatal dermal fibroblast, featured by high expression of cell migration-associated chemokines and adhesion molecules that resemble typical LTO gene signature. Furthermore, the LTO-phenotypic dermal fibroblast could enhance the attachment and survival of T and B cell and proliferation of T cell. These findings suggest dermal fibroblast as a promising target for TLO induction to improve cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujia Jin
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China; Department & Institute of General Surgery, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxing Gao
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China; Department & Institute of General Surgery, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China; Department & Institute of General Surgery, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingjie Zhao
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China; Department & Institute of General Surgery, the Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dingchang Li
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China; Department & Institute of General Surgery, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department & Institute of General Surgery, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Biyue Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, China
| | - Guanglong Dong
- Department & Institute of General Surgery, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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13
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Sato Y, Tamura M, Yanagita M. Tertiary lymphoid tissues: a regional hub for kidney inflammation. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2023; 38:26-33. [PMID: 34245300 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfab212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid tissues (TLTs) are inducible ectopic lymphoid tissues that develop at sites of chronic inflammation in nonlymphoid organs. As with lymph nodes, TLTs initiate adaptive immune responses and coordinate local tissue immunity. Although virtually ignored for decades, TLTs have recently received a great deal of attention for their ability to influence disease severity, prognosis and response to therapy in various diseases, including cancer, autoimmune disorders and infections. TLTs are also induced in kidneys of patients with chronic kidney diseases such as immunoglobulin A nephropathy and lupus nephritis. Nevertheless, TLTs in the kidney have not been extensively investigated and their mechanism of development, functions and clinical relevance remain unknown, mainly because of the absence of adequate murine kidney TLT models and limited availability of human kidney samples containing TLTs. We recently found that aged kidneys, but not young kidneys, exhibit multiple TLTs after injury. Interestingly, although they are a minor component of TLTs, resident fibroblasts in the kidneys diversify into several distinct phenotypes that play crucial roles in TLT formation. Furthermore, the potential of TLTs as a novel kidney injury/inflammation marker as well as a novel therapeutic target for kidney diseases is also suggested. In this review article we describe the current understanding of TLTs with a focus on age-dependent TLTs in the kidney and discuss their potential as a novel therapeutic target and kidney inflammation marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Sato
- Medical Innovation Center, TMK Project, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaru Tamura
- Technology and Development Team for Mouse Phenotype Analysis, Japan Mouse Clinic, RIKEN BioResource Research Center (BRC), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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14
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Giovannini D, Belbezier A, Baillet A, Bouillet L, Kawano M, Dumestre-Perard C, Clavarino G, Noble J, Pers JO, Sturm N, Huard B. Heterogeneity of antibody-secreting cells infiltrating autoimmune tissues. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1111366. [PMID: 36895558 PMCID: PMC9989216 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1111366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The humoral response is frequently dysfunctioning in autoimmunity with a frequent rise in total serum immunoglobulins, among which are found autoantibodies that may be pathogenic by themselves and/or propagate the inflammatory reaction. The infiltration of autoimmune tissues by antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) constitutes another dysfunction. The known high dependency of ASCs on the microenvironment to survive combined to the high diversity of infiltrated tissues implies that ASCs must adapt. Some tissues even within a single clinical autoimmune entity are devoid of infiltration. The latter means that either the tissue is not permissive or ASCs fail to adapt. The origin of infiltrated ASCs is also variable. Indeed, ASCs may be commonly generated in the secondary lymphoid organ draining the autoimmune tissue, and home at the inflammation site under the guidance of specific chemokines. Alternatively, ASCs may be generated locally, when ectopic germinal centers are formed in the autoimmune tissue. Alloimmune tissues with the example of kidney transplantation will also be discussed own to their high similarity with autoimmune tissues. It should also be noted that antibody production is not the only function of ASCs, since cells with regulatory functions have also been described. This article will review all the phenotypic variations indicative of tissue adaptation described so for at the level of ASC-infiltrating auto/alloimmune tissues. The aim is to potentially define tissue-specific molecular targets in ASCs to improve the specificity of future autoimmune treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Giovannini
- Department of Pathology, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France.,Translational Research in Autoimmunity and Inflammation Group (TRAIG), Translational Innovation in Medicine and Complexity (TIMC), University Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS Unité mixte de recherche (UMR) 5525, Grenoble, France
| | - Aude Belbezier
- Translational Research in Autoimmunity and Inflammation Group (TRAIG), Translational Innovation in Medicine and Complexity (TIMC), University Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS Unité mixte de recherche (UMR) 5525, Grenoble, France.,Department of Internal Medicine, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Athan Baillet
- Translational Research in Autoimmunity and Inflammation Group (TRAIG), Translational Innovation in Medicine and Complexity (TIMC), University Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS Unité mixte de recherche (UMR) 5525, Grenoble, France.,Department of Rheumatology, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Laurence Bouillet
- Translational Research in Autoimmunity and Inflammation Group (TRAIG), Translational Innovation in Medicine and Complexity (TIMC), University Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS Unité mixte de recherche (UMR) 5525, Grenoble, France.,Department of Internal Medicine, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Mitsuhiro Kawano
- Department of Rheumatology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | | | | | - Johan Noble
- Department of Nephrology, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Jacques-Olivier Pers
- B Lymphocytes, Autoimmunity and Immunotherapies, Brest University, INSERM, UMR1227, Brest, France.,Odontology Unit, Brest University Hospital, Brest, France
| | - Nathalie Sturm
- Department of Pathology, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France.,Translational Research in Autoimmunity and Inflammation Group (TRAIG), Translational Innovation in Medicine and Complexity (TIMC), University Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS Unité mixte de recherche (UMR) 5525, Grenoble, France
| | - Bertrand Huard
- Translational Research in Autoimmunity and Inflammation Group (TRAIG), Translational Innovation in Medicine and Complexity (TIMC), University Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS Unité mixte de recherche (UMR) 5525, Grenoble, France
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15
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Charmetant X, Chen CC, Hamada S, Goncalves D, Saison C, Rabeyrin M, Rabant M, Duong van Huyen JP, Koenig A, Mathias V, Barba T, Lacaille F, le Pavec J, Brugière O, Taupin JL, Chalabreysse L, Mornex JF, Couzi L, Graff-Dubois S, Jeger-Madiot R, Tran-Dinh A, Mordant P, Paidassi H, Defrance T, Morelon E, Badet L, Nicoletti A, Dubois V, Thaunat O. Inverted direct allorecognition triggers early donor-specific antibody responses after transplantation. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabg1046. [PMID: 36130013 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abg1046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The generation of antibodies against donor-specific major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens, a type of donor-specific antibodies (DSAs), after transplantation requires that recipient's allospecific B cells receive help from T cells. The current dogma holds that this help is exclusively provided by the recipient's CD4+ T cells that recognize complexes of recipient's MHC II molecules and peptides derived from donor-specific MHC alloantigens, a process called indirect allorecognition. Here, we demonstrated that, after allogeneic heart transplantation, CD3ε knockout recipient mice lacking T cells generate a rapid, transient wave of switched alloantibodies, predominantly directed against MHC I molecules. This is due to the presence of donor CD4+ T cells within the graft that recognize intact recipient's MHC II molecules expressed by B cell receptor-activated allospecific B cells. Indirect evidence suggests that this inverted direct pathway is also operant in patients after transplantation. Resident memory donor CD4+ T cells were observed in perfusion liquids of human renal and lung grafts and acquired B cell helper functions upon in vitro stimulation. Furthermore, T follicular helper cells, specialized in helping B cells, were abundant in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue of lung and intestinal grafts. In the latter, more graft-derived passenger T cells correlated with the detection of donor T cells in recipient's circulation; this, in turn, was associated with an early transient anti-MHC I DSA response and worse transplantation outcomes. We conclude that this inverted direct allorecognition is a possible explanation for the early transient anti-MHC DSA responses frequently observed after lung or intestinal transplantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Charmetant
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Chien-Chia Chen
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Sarah Hamada
- French National Blood Service (EFS), HLA Laboratory, 69150 Décines, France
| | - David Goncalves
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Carole Saison
- French National Blood Service (EFS), HLA Laboratory, 69150 Décines, France
| | - Maud Rabeyrin
- Department of Pathology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Marion Rabant
- Pathology Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Alice Koenig
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
- Lyon-Est Medical Faculty, Claude Bernard University (Lyon 1), 69008 Lyon, France
- Department of Transplantation, Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Virginie Mathias
- French National Blood Service (EFS), HLA Laboratory, 69150 Décines, France
| | - Thomas Barba
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Florence Lacaille
- Pediatric Gastroenterology-Hepatology-Nutrition Unit, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants malades, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jérôme le Pavec
- Department of Pulmonology and Lung Transplantation, Marie Lannelongue Hospital, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Olivier Brugière
- Pulmonology Department, Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre and Lung Transplantation Department, Foch Hospital, 92150 Suresnes, France
| | - Jean-Luc Taupin
- Laboratory of Immunology and Histocompatibility, Hôpital Saint-Louis APHP, 75010 Paris, France
- INSERM U976 Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université Paris Diderot, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Lara Chalabreysse
- Department of Pathology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Jean-François Mornex
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INRAE, IVPC, UMR754, 69000 Lyon, France
- Department of Pneumology, GHE, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Lionel Couzi
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis, Apheresis, Pellegrin Hospital, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphanie Graff-Dubois
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (i3), 75013 Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Jeger-Madiot
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (i3), 75013 Paris, France
| | - Alexy Tran-Dinh
- Université de Paris, LVTS, INSERM U1148, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Mordant
- Department of Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Helena Paidassi
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Thierry Defrance
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Emmanuel Morelon
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
- Lyon-Est Medical Faculty, Claude Bernard University (Lyon 1), 69008 Lyon, France
- Department of Transplantation, Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Lionel Badet
- Lyon-Est Medical Faculty, Claude Bernard University (Lyon 1), 69008 Lyon, France
- Department of Urology and Transplantation Surgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, 69003 Lyon, France
| | | | - Valérie Dubois
- French National Blood Service (EFS), HLA Laboratory, 69150 Décines, France
| | - Olivier Thaunat
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
- Lyon-Est Medical Faculty, Claude Bernard University (Lyon 1), 69008 Lyon, France
- Department of Transplantation, Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, 69003 Lyon, France
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16
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Michel JB, Lagrange J, Regnault V, Lacolley P. Conductance Artery Wall Layers and Their Respective Roles in the Clearance Functions. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:e253-e272. [PMID: 35924557 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.317759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Evolutionary organization of the arterial wall into layers occurred concomitantly with the emergence of a highly muscularized, pressurized arterial system that facilitates outward hydraulic conductance and mass transport of soluble substances across the arterial wall. Although colliding circulating cells disperse potential energy within the arterial wall, the different layers counteract this effect: (1) the endothelium ensures a partial barrier function; (2) the media comprises smooth muscle cells capable of endocytosis/phagocytosis; (3) the outer adventitia and perivascular adipocytic tissue are the final receptacles of convected substances. While the endothelium forms a physical and a biochemical barrier, the medial layer is avascular, relying on the specific permeability properties of the endothelium for metabolic support. Different components of the media interact with convected molecules: medial smooth muscle cells take up numerous molecules via scavenger receptors and are capable of phagocytosis of macro/micro particles. The outer layers-the highly microvascularized innervated adventitia and perivascular adipose tissue-are also involved in the clearance functions of the media: the adventitia is the seat of immune response development, inward angiogenesis, macromolecular lymphatic drainage, and neuronal stimulation. Consequently, the clearance functions of the arterial wall are physiologically essential, but also may favor the development of arterial wall pathologies. This review describes how the walls of large conductance arteries have acquired physiological clearance functions, how this is determined by the attributes of the endothelial barrier, governed by endocytic and phagocytic capacities of smooth muscle cells, impacting adventitial functions, and the role of these clearance functions in arterial wall diseases.
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17
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Role of tertiary lymphoid organs in the regulation of immune responses in the periphery. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:359. [PMID: 35689679 PMCID: PMC9188279 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04388-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) are collections of immune cells resembling secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) that form in peripheral, non-lymphoid tissues in response to local chronic inflammation. While their formation mimics embryologic lymphoid organogenesis, TLOs form after birth at ectopic sites in response to local inflammation resulting in their ability to mount diverse immune responses. The structure of TLOs can vary from clusters of B and T lymphocytes to highly organized structures with B and T lymphocyte compartments, germinal centers, and lymphatic vessels (LVs) and high endothelial venules (HEVs), allowing them to generate robust immune responses at sites of tissue injury. Although our understanding of the formation and function of these structures has improved greatly over the last 30 years, their role as mediators of protective or pathologic immune responses in certain chronic inflammatory diseases remains enigmatic and may differ based on the local tissue microenvironment in which they form. In this review, we highlight the role of TLOs in the regulation of immune responses in chronic infection, chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, cancer, and solid organ transplantation.
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18
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Carnevale D. Neuroimmune axis of cardiovascular control: mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Nat Rev Cardiol 2022; 19:379-394. [PMID: 35301456 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-022-00678-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) make a substantial contribution to the global burden of disease. Prevention strategies have succeeded in reducing the effect of acute CVD events and deaths, but the long-term consequences of cardiovascular risk factors still represent the major cause of disability and chronic illness, suggesting that some pathophysiological mechanisms might not be adequately targeted by current therapies. Many of the underlying causes of CVD have now been recognized to have immune and inflammatory components. However, inflammation and immune activation were mostly regarded as a consequence of target-organ damage. Only more recent findings have indicated that immune dysregulation can be pathogenic for CVD, identifying a need for novel immunomodulatory therapeutic strategies. The nervous system, through an array of afferent and efferent arms of the autonomic nervous system, profoundly affects cardiovascular function. Interestingly, the autonomic nervous system also innervates immune organs, and neuroimmune interactions that are biologically relevant to CVD have been discovered, providing the foundation to target neural reflexes as an immunomodulatory therapeutic strategy. This Review summarizes how the neural regulation of immunity and inflammation participates in the onset and progression of CVD and explores promising opportunities for future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Carnevale
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy. .,Research Unit of Neuro and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.
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19
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Schmidleithner L, Feuerer M. Tfh cells induce intratumoral tertiary lymphoid structures. Trends Immunol 2022; 43:274-276. [PMID: 35272934 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2022.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are highly organized ectopic structures found in nonlymphoid organs under chronic inflammatory conditions, including cancer. A recent study by Chaurio et al. reports that repression of Satb1 in CD4+ T cells can lead to increased Tfh cell differentiation, driving intratumoral TLS formation, resulting in reduced tumor growth in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Schmidleithner
- Division of Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy (LIT), 93053 Regensburg, Germany; Chair for Immunology, University Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus Feuerer
- Division of Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy (LIT), 93053 Regensburg, Germany; Chair for Immunology, University Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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20
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Yu S, Lu J. Macrophages in transplant rejection. Transpl Immunol 2022; 71:101536. [PMID: 35017096 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2022.101536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Transplant rejection is one of the primary factors leading to loss of allograft function, and macrophages are involved in allograft rejection. Macrophages polarize into different phenotypes according to stimulation by different external factors. Different types of macrophages play distinct roles in inflammation, tumors, and autoimmune diseases and are involved in transplant rejection. In this review, we introduce the origin and migration of macrophages, outline the classification of macrophages and their polarization mechanisms, and review the currently understood mechanisms of their involvement in transplant rejection. Finally, we discuss the regulation of macrophage polarization and miRNA expression with respect to transplant rejection, which is important for the development of new anti-rejection therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaochen Yu
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, No. 466, Xingang Middle Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, China.
| | - Jian Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218, Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China.
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21
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Lee YH, Sato Y, Saito M, Fukuma S, Saito M, Yamamoto S, Komatsuda A, Fujiyama N, Satoh S, Lee SH, Boor P, Habuchi T, Floege J, Yanagita M. Advanced Tertiary Lymphoid Tissues in Protocol Biopsies are Associated with Progressive Graft Dysfunction in Kidney Transplant Recipients. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 33:186-200. [PMID: 34725107 PMCID: PMC8763171 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021050715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tertiary lymphoid tissues (TLTs) are ectopic lymphoid tissues found in chronically inflamed organs. Although studies have documented TLT formation in transplanted kidneys, the clinical relevance of these TLTs remains controversial. We examined the effects of TLTs on future graft function using our histologic TLT maturity stages and the association between TLTs and Banff pathologic scores. We also analyzed the risk factors for the development of TLTs. METHODS Serial protocol biopsy samples (0 hour, 1, 6, and 12 months) without rejection were retrospectively analyzed from 214 patients who underwent living donor kidney transplantation. TLTs were defined as lymphocyte aggregates with signs of proliferation and their stages were determined by the absence (stage I) or presence (stage II) of follicular dendritic cells. RESULTS Only 4% of patients exhibited TLTs at the 0-hour biopsy. Prevalence increased to almost 50% at the 1-month biopsy, and then slightly further for 12 months. The proportion of advanced stage II TLTs increased gradually, reaching 19% at the 12-month biopsy. Presence of stage II TLTs was associated with higher risk of renal function decline after transplantation compared with patients with no TLT or stage I TLTs. Stage II TLTs were associated with more severe tubulitis and interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy at 12 months and predicted poorer graft function independently from the degree of interstitial inflammation. Pretransplantation rituximab treatment dramatically attenuated the development of stage II TLTs. CONCLUSIONS TLTs are commonly found in clinically stable transplanted kidneys. Advanced stage II TLTs are associated with progressive graft dysfunction, independent of interstitial inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ho Lee
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuki Sato
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan,Medical Innovation Center TMK Project, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Saito
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Shingo Fukuma
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaya Saito
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Shigenori Yamamoto
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan,Medical Innovation Center TMK Project, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Komatsuda
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Fujiyama
- Center for Kidney Disease and Transplantation, Akita University Hospital, Akita, Japan
| | - Shigeru Satoh
- Center for Kidney Disease and Transplantation, Akita University Hospital, Akita, Japan
| | - Sang-Ho Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Peter Boor
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH University of Aachen, Germany, Aachen, Germany,Division of Nephrology, RWTH University of Aachen, Germany, Aachen, Germany,Electron Microscopy Facility, RWTH University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tomonori Habuchi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Jürgen Floege
- Division of Nephrology, RWTH University of Aachen, Germany, Aachen, Germany
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan,Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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22
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Callemeyn J, Lamarthée B, Koenig A, Koshy P, Thaunat O, Naesens M. Allorecognition and the spectrum of kidney transplant rejection. Kidney Int 2021; 101:692-710. [PMID: 34915041 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Detection of mismatched human leukocyte antigens by adaptive immune cells is considered as the main cause of transplant rejection, leading to either T-cell mediated rejection or antibody-mediated rejection. This canonical view guided the successful development of immunosuppressive therapies and shaped the diagnostic Banff classification for kidney transplant rejection that is used in clinics worldwide. However, several observations have recently emerged that question this dichotomization between T-cell mediated rejection and antibody-mediated rejection, related to heterogeneity in the serology, histology, and prognosis of the rejection phenotypes. In parallel, novel insights were obtained concerning the dynamics of donor-specific anti-human leukocyte antigen antibodies, the immunogenicity of donor-recipient non-human leukocyte antigen mismatches, and the autoreactivity against self-antigens. Moreover, the potential of innate allorecognition was uncovered, as exemplified by natural killer cell-mediated microvascular inflammation through missing self, and by the emerging evidence on monocyte-driven allorecognition. In this review, we highlight the gaps in the current classification of rejection, provide an overview of the expanding insights into the mechanisms of allorecognition, and critically appraise how these could improve our understanding and clinical approach to kidney transplant rejection. We argue that consideration of the complex interplay of various allorecognition mechanisms can foster a more integrated view of kidney transplant rejection and can lead to improved risk stratification, targeted therapies, and better outcome after kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Callemeyn
- Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Baptiste Lamarthée
- Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Necker-Enfants Malades Institute, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unit 1151, Paris, France
| | - Alice Koenig
- CIRI, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, University Lyon, Lyon, France; Department of Transplantation, Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France; Lyon-Est Medical Faculty, Claude Bernard University (Lyon 1), Lyon, France
| | - Priyanka Koshy
- Department of Morphology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Olivier Thaunat
- CIRI, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, University Lyon, Lyon, France; Department of Transplantation, Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France; Lyon-Est Medical Faculty, Claude Bernard University (Lyon 1), Lyon, France
| | - Maarten Naesens
- Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Charmetant X, Bachelet T, Déchanet-Merville J, Walzer T, Thaunat O. Innate (and Innate-like) Lymphoid Cells: Emerging Immune Subsets With Multiple Roles Along Transplant Life. Transplantation 2021; 105:e322-e336. [PMID: 33859152 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Transplant immunology is currently largely focused on conventional adaptive immunity, particularly T and B lymphocytes, which have long been considered as the only cells capable of allorecognition. In this vision, except for the initial phase of ischemia/reperfusion, during which the role of innate immune effectors is well established, the latter are largely considered as "passive" players, recruited secondarily to amplify graft destruction processes during rejection. Challenging this prevalent dogma, the recent progresses in basic immunology have unraveled the complexity of the innate immune system and identified different subsets of innate (and innate-like) lymphoid cells. As most of these cells are tissue-resident, they are overrepresented among passenger leukocytes. Beyond their role in ischemia/reperfusion, some of these subsets have been shown to be capable of allorecognition and/or of regulating alloreactive adaptive responses, suggesting that these emerging immune players are actively involved in most of the life phases of the grafts and their recipients. Drawing upon the inventory of the literature, this review synthesizes the current state of knowledge of the role of the different innate (and innate-like) lymphoid cell subsets during ischemia/reperfusion, allorecognition, and graft rejection. How these subsets also contribute to graft tolerance and the protection of chronically immunosuppressed patients against infectious and cancerous complications is also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Charmetant
- CIRI, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Bachelet
- Clinique Saint-Augustin-CTMR, ELSAN, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis and Apheresis, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Thierry Walzer
- CIRI, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Thaunat
- CIRI, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, France
- Department of Transplantation, Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Lyon-Est Medical Faculty, Claude Bernard University (Lyon 1), Lyon, France
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Dieudé M, Kaci I, Hébert MJ. The Impact of Programmed Cell Death on the Formation of Tertiary Lymphoid Structures. Front Immunol 2021; 12:696311. [PMID: 34335608 PMCID: PMC8320843 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.696311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures are clusters of lymphoid tissue that develop post-natally at sites of chronic inflammation. They have been described in association with infection, autoimmune disorders, cancer, and allograft rejection. In their mature stage, TLS function as ectopic germinal centers, favoring the local production of autoantibodies and cytokines. TLS formation tends to parallel the severity of tissue injury and they are usually indicative of locally active immune responses. The presence of TLS in patients with solid tumors is usually associated with a better prognosis whereas their presence predicts increased maladaptive immunologic activity in patients with autoimmune disorders or allograft transplantation. Recent data highlight a correlation between active cell death and TLS formation and maturation. Our group recently identified apoptotic exosome-like vesicles, released by apoptotic cells, as novel inducers of TLS formation. Here, we review mechanisms of TLS formation and maturation with a specific focus on the emerging importance of tissue injury, programmed cell death and extracellular vesicles in TLS biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Dieudé
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Imane Kaci
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Molecular Biology Programs, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Hébert
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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25
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Shepherd HM, Gauthier JM, Kreisel D. Tolerance, immunosuppression, and immune modulation: impacts on lung allograft survival. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2021; 26:328-332. [PMID: 33782247 PMCID: PMC8523032 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000000871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Immune responses following lung transplantation continue to result in high rates of allograft failure and rejection, and current immunosuppression does not address the unique immunologic properties of the lung. Here, we review recent studies on lung allograft tolerance and alloimmunity and discuss implications for immunosuppression. RECENT FINDINGS Processes governing tolerance and alloimmunity in lung allografts differ from other solid organs. Recent studies have suggested that allorecognition is regulated at the level of the lung graft. Furthermore, certain cell populations essential for lung allograft tolerance may facilitate rejection in other organs. Induction of lung allograft tolerance is associated with the formation of tertiary lymphoid organs, which are enriched in regulatory T cells and play an important role in preventing rejection. SUMMARY Recent discoveries regarding alloactivation and the regulation of tolerance following lung transplantation have introduced exciting potential avenues for the development of lung-specific immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailey M. Shepherd
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Jason M. Gauthier
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
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Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI), defined as a rapid decrease in glomerular filtration rate, is a common and devastating pathologic condition. AKI is associated with significant morbidity and subsequent chronic kidney disease (CKD) development. Regardless of the initial insult, CKD progression after AKI involves multiple types of cells, including proximal tubular cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells. Although the mechanisms underlying this AKI to CKD progression have been investigated extensively over the past decade, therapeutic strategies still are lacking. One of the reasons for this stems from the fact that AKI and its progression toward CKD is multifactorial and variable because it is dependent on patient background. In this review, we describe the current understanding of AKI and its maladaptive repair with a focus on proximal tubules and resident fibroblasts. Subsequently, we discuss the unique pathophysiology of AKI in the elderly, highlighting our recent finding of age-dependent tertiary lymphoid tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Sato
- Medical Innovation Center, TMK Project, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takahashi
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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27
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Investigating the Role of BAFF and Its Receptors in Renal Transplant Recipients with Chronic Antibody-Mediated Rejection. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:6654992. [PMID: 33748289 PMCID: PMC7959970 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6654992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kidney transplantation is the best treatment option for end stage renal disease (ESRD), but graft rejection is still a big obstacle that occurs in spite of immunosuppressive therapy. B cells are considered as the major reason for renal graft rejection because of antibody production. Due to their roles in B cell function, we intended to evaluate the B cell activating factor (BAFF) and its receptors including BAFF receptor (BAFF-R), B cell maturation antigen (BCMA), and transmembrane activator and cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI) in renal transplant patients. Method The study included 40 kidney allograft patients with cAMR, 40 stable kidney allograft patients, and 8 healthy volunteers with normal kidney function. The percentage and absolute number of CD19+ B cells were analyzed by flow cytometry, the serum level of BAFF was analyzed by ELISA, and mRNA expressions of BAFF and BAFF receptors (BAFF-R, BCMA, and TACI) were measured using quantitative real-time PCR. Results The percentage and the absolute number of B cells decreased significantly in stable and cAMR patients compared to healthy individuals. The serum level and gene expression of BAFF, as well as the mRNA level of BCMA, were increased significantly in both cAMR and stable patients compared to healthy volunteers. There was an overexpression of TACI mRNA in cAMR patients compared to stable patients. Conclusions Both soluble protein and mRNA transcript of BAFF increased in transplant recipients. However, BAFF neither at the serum level nor at the mRNA transcript level cannot be a good biomarker for the prediction of cAMR. In addition, expression of TACI, compared to other receptors of BAFF, confers a potential to be used in distinguishing cAMR and stable kidney transplant patients.
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28
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Salem D, Chelvanambi M, Storkus WJ, Fecek RJ. Cutaneous Melanoma: Mutational Status and Potential Links to Tertiary Lymphoid Structure Formation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:629519. [PMID: 33746966 PMCID: PMC7970117 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.629519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in immunotherapy have enabled rapid evolution of novel interventional approaches designed to reinvigorate and expand patient immune responses against cancer. An emerging approach in cancer immunology involves the conditional induction of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS), which are non-encapsulated ectopic lymphoid structures forming at sites of chronic, pathologic inflammation. Cutaneous melanoma (CM), a highly-immunogenic form of solid cancer, continues to rise in both incidence and mortality rate, with recent reports supporting a positive correlation between the presence of TLS in melanoma and beneficial treatment outcomes amongst advanced-stage patients. In this context, TLS in CM are postulated to serve as dynamic centers for the initiation of robust anti-tumor responses within affected regions of active disease. Given their potential importance to patient outcome, significant effort has been recently devoted to gaining a better understanding of TLS neogenesis and the influence these lymphoid organs exert within the tumor microenvironment. Here, we briefly review TLS structure, function, and response to treatment in the setting of CM. To uncover potential tumor-intrinsic mechanisms that regulate TLS formation, we have taken the novel perspective of evaluating TLS induction in melanomas impacted by common driver mutations in BRAF, PTEN, NRAS, KIT, PRDM1, and MITF. Through analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we show expression of DNA repair proteins (DRPs) including BRCA1, PAXIP, ERCC1, ERCC2, ERCC3, MSH2, and PMS2 to be negatively correlated with expression of pro-TLS genes, suggesting DRP loss may favor TLS development in support of improved patient outcome and patient response to interventional immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Salem
- Department of Microbiology, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine at Seton Hill, Greensburg, PA, United States
| | - Manoj Chelvanambi
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Walter J Storkus
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ronald J Fecek
- Department of Microbiology, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine at Seton Hill, Greensburg, PA, United States
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29
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Li W, Gauthier JM, Tong AY, Terada Y, Higashikubo R, Frye CC, Harrison MS, Hashimoto K, Bery AI, Ritter JH, Nava RG, Puri V, Wong BW, Lavine KJ, Bharat A, Krupnick AS, Gelman AE, Kreisel D. Lymphatic drainage from bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue in tolerant lung allografts promotes peripheral tolerance. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:6718-6727. [PMID: 33196461 DOI: 10.1172/jci136057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid organs are aggregates of immune and stromal cells including high endothelial venules and lymphatic vessels that resemble secondary lymphoid organs and can be induced at nonlymphoid sites during inflammation. The function of lymphatic vessels within tertiary lymphoid organs remains poorly understood. During lung transplant tolerance, Foxp3+ cells accumulate in tertiary lymphoid organs that are induced within the pulmonary grafts and are critical for the local downregulation of alloimmune responses. Here, we showed that tolerant lung allografts could induce and maintain tolerance of heterotopic donor-matched hearts through pathways that were dependent on the continued presence of the transplanted lung. Using lung retransplantation, we showed that Foxp3+ cells egressed from tolerant lung allografts via lymphatics and were recruited into donor-matched heart allografts. Indeed, survival of the heart allografts was dependent on lymphatic drainage from the tolerant lung allograft to the periphery. Thus, our work indicates that cellular trafficking from tertiary lymphoid organs regulates immune responses in the periphery. We propose that these findings have important implications for a variety of disease processes that are associated with the induction of tertiary lymphoid organs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jon H Ritter
- Pathology & Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Ankit Bharat
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Andrew E Gelman
- Departments of Surgery.,Pathology & Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Departments of Surgery.,Pathology & Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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30
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Abstract
The majority of cells comprising the inflammatory infiltrates in kidney allografts undergoing acute and/or chronic rejection are typically T cells and monocyte/macrophages with B cells, plasma cells, and eosinophils accounting for <5%. In a significant minority of biopsies, B lineage cells (B cells and/or plasma cells) may be found more abundantly. Although plasma cell infiltrates tend to be more diffuse, B cells tend to aggregate into nodules that may mature into tertiary lymphoid organs. Given the ability to target B cells with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies and plasma cells with proteasome inhibitors and anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies, it is increasingly important to determine the significance of such infiltrates. Both cell types are potential effectors of rejection, but both also have a tolerizing potential. B cell infiltrates have been associated with steroid resistance and reduced graft survival in some studies but not in others, and their presence should not prompt automatic depletional therapy. Plasma cell-rich infiltrates tend to occur later, may be associated with cell-mediated and/or antibody-mediated rejection, and portend an adverse outcome. Viral infection and malignancy must be ruled out. Randomized controlled trials are needed to determine the appropriateness of specific therapy when B cells and/or plasma cells are found. No strong therapeutic recommendations can be made at this time.
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Abstract
Immunologic memory is the ability of adaptive immune system to quickly and specifically recognize previously encountered antigens and initiate an effector response. Alloreactive memory cells can mount rapid and robust responses to the transplanted organ resulting in allograft injury. Thus preexisting humoral or cellular memory alloresponses are typically associated with poor graft outcomes in experimental and clinical transplantation. While both B and T lymphocytes exhibit memory responses, this review discusses recent updates on the biology of memory T cells and their relevance to the field of transplantation. Three major areas of focus are the emergence and characterization of tissue resident memory T cells, manipulation of T cell metabolic pathways, and the latest promising approaches to targeting detrimental T cell memory in the settings of organ transplantation.
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32
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Dudreuilh C, Basu S, Scottà C, Dorling A, Lombardi G. Potential Application of T-Follicular Regulatory Cell Therapy in Transplantation. Front Immunol 2021; 11:612848. [PMID: 33603742 PMCID: PMC7884443 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.612848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) constitute a small proportion of circulating CD4+ T cells that function to maintain homeostasis and prevent autoimmunity. In light of their powerful immunosuppressive and tolerance-promoting properties, Tregs have become an interesting potential candidate for therapeutic use in conditions such as solid organ transplant or to treat autoimmune and inflammatory conditions. Clinical studies have demonstrated the safety of polyclonally expanded Tregs in graft-versus-host disease, type 1 diabetes, and more recently in renal and liver transplantation. However, Tregs are heterogenous. Recent insights indicate that only a small proportion of Tregs, called T follicular regulatory cells (Tfr) regulate interactions between B cells and T follicular helper (Tfh) cells within the germinal center. Tfr have been mainly described in mouse models due to the challenges of sampling secondary lymphoid organs in humans. However, emerging human studies, characterize Tfr as being CD4+CD25+FOXP3+CXCR5+ cells with different levels of PD-1 and ICOS expression depending on their localization, in the blood or the germinal center. The exact role they play in transplantation remains to be elucidated. However, given the potential ability of these cells to modulate antibody responses to allo-antigens, there is great interest in exploring translational applications in situations where B cell responses need to be regulated. Here, we review the current knowledge of Tfr and the role they play focusing on human diseases and transplantation. We also discuss the potential future applications of Tfr therapy in transplantation and examine the evidence for a role of Tfr in antibody production, acute and chronic rejection and tertiary lymphoid organs. Furthermore, the potential impact of immunosuppression on Tfr will be explored. Based on preclinical research, we will analyse the rationale of Tfr therapy in solid organ transplantation and summarize the different challenges to be overcome before Tfr therapy can be implemented into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Dudreuilh
- Department of Inflammation Biology, King's College London (KCL), Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Centre for Nephrology, Urology and Transplantation, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre-Transplant Theme, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sumoyee Basu
- Department of Inflammation Biology, King's College London (KCL), Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Centre for Nephrology, Urology and Transplantation, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre-Transplant Theme, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cristiano Scottà
- Centre for Nephrology, Urology and Transplantation, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre-Transplant Theme, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Science, King's College London (KCL), Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Dorling
- Department of Inflammation Biology, King's College London (KCL), Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Centre for Nephrology, Urology and Transplantation, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre-Transplant Theme, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanna Lombardi
- Centre for Nephrology, Urology and Transplantation, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre-Transplant Theme, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Science, King's College London (KCL), Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Ordikhani F, Pothula V, Sanchez-Tarjuelo R, Jordan S, Ochando J. Macrophages in Organ Transplantation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:582939. [PMID: 33329555 PMCID: PMC7734247 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.582939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current immunosuppressive therapy has led to excellent short-term survival rates in organ transplantation. However, long-term graft survival rates are suboptimal, and a vast number of allografts are gradually lost in the clinic. An increasing number of animal and clinical studies have demonstrated that monocytes and macrophages play a pivotal role in graft rejection, as these mononuclear phagocytic cells recognize alloantigens and trigger an inflammatory cascade that activate the adaptive immune response. Moreover, recent studies suggest that monocytes acquire a feature of memory recall response that is associated with a potent immune response. This form of memory is called “trained immunity,” and it is retained by mechanisms of epigenetic and metabolic changes in innate immune cells after exposure to particular ligands, which have a direct impact in allograft rejection. In this review article, we highlight the role of monocytes and macrophages in organ transplantation and summarize therapeutic approaches to promote tolerance through manipulation of monocytes and macrophages. These strategies may open new therapeutic opportunities to increase long-term transplant survival rates in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Ordikhani
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Venu Pothula
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rodrigo Sanchez-Tarjuelo
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Stefan Jordan
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jordi Ochando
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Immunología de Trasplantes, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
AbstractPurpose of ReviewSkin provides a window into the health of an individual. Using transplanted skin as a monitor can provide a powerful tool for surveillance of rejection in a transplant. The purpose of this review is to provide relevant background to the role of skin in vascularized transplantation medicine.Recent FindingsDiscrete populations of T memory cells provide distributed immune protection in skin, and cycle between skin, lymph nodes, and blood. Skin-resident TREGcells proliferate in response to inflammation and contribute to long-term VCA survival in small animal models. Early clinical studies show sentinel flap rejection to correlate well with facial VCA skin rejection, and abdominal wall rejection demonstrates concordance with visceral rejection, but further studies are required.SummaryThis review focuses on the immunology of skin, skin rejection in vascularized composite allografts, and the recent advances in monitoring the health of transplanted tissues using distant “sentinel” flaps.
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Steines L, Poth H, Herrmann M, Schuster A, Banas B, Bergler T. B Cell Activating Factor (BAFF) Is Required for the Development of Intra-Renal Tertiary Lymphoid Organs in Experimental Kidney Transplantation in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218045. [PMID: 33126753 PMCID: PMC7662293 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intra-renal tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) are associated with worsened outcome in kidney transplantation (Ktx). We used an anti-BAFF (B cell activating factor) intervention to investigate whether BAFF is required for TLO formation in a full MHC-mismatch Ktx model in rats. Rats received either therapeutic immunosuppression (no rejection, NR) or subtherapeutic immunosuppression (chronic rejection, CR) and were sacrificed on d56. One group additionally received an anti-BAFF antibody (CR + AB). Intra-renal T (CD3+) and B (CD20+) cells, their proliferation (Ki67+), and IgG+ plasma cells were analyzed by immunofluorescence microscopy. Formation of T and B cell zones and TLOs was assessed. Intra-renal expression of TLO-promoting factors, molecules of T:B crosstalk, and B cell differentiation was analyzed by qPCR. Intra-renal B and T cell zones and TLOs were detected in CR and were associated with elevated intra-renal mRNA expression of TLO-promoting factors, including CXCL13, CCL19, lymphotoxin-β, and BAFF. Intra-renal plasma cells were also elevated in CR. Anti-BAFF treatment significantly decreased intra-renal B cell zones and TLO, as well as intra-renal B cell-derived TLO-promoting factors and B cell differentiation markers. We conclude that BAFF-dependent intra-renal B cells promote TLO formation and advance local adaptive alloimmune responses in chronic rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Steines
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-941-9447301; Fax: +49-941-9447302
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Michel JB. Phylogenic Determinants of Cardiovascular Frailty, Focus on Hemodynamics and Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells. Physiol Rev 2020; 100:1779-1837. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00022.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution of the circulatory system from invertebrates to mammals has involved the passage from an open system to a closed in-parallel system via a closed in-series system, accompanying the increasing complexity and efficiency of life’s biological functions. The archaic heart enables pulsatile motion waves of hemolymph in invertebrates, and the in-series circulation in fish occurs with only an endothelium, whereas mural smooth muscle cells appear later. The present review focuses on evolution of the circulatory system. In particular, we address how and why this evolution took place from a closed, flowing, longitudinal conductance at low pressure to a flowing, highly pressurized and bifurcating arterial compartment. However, although arterial pressure was the latest acquired hemodynamic variable, the general teleonomy of the evolution of species is the differentiation of individual organ function, supported by specific fueling allowing and favoring partial metabolic autonomy. This was achieved via the establishment of an active contractile tone in resistance arteries, which permitted the regulation of blood supply to specific organ activities via its localized function-dependent inhibition (active vasodilation). The global resistance to viscous blood flow is the peripheral increase in frictional forces caused by the tonic change in arterial and arteriolar radius, which backscatter as systemic arterial blood pressure. Consequently, the arterial pressure gradient from circulating blood to the adventitial interstitium generates the unidirectional outward radial advective conductance of plasma solutes across the wall of conductance arteries. This hemodynamic evolution was accompanied by important changes in arterial wall structure, supported by smooth muscle cell functional plasticity, including contractility, matrix synthesis and proliferation, endocytosis and phagocytosis, etc. These adaptive phenotypic shifts are due to epigenetic regulation, mainly related to mechanotransduction. These paradigms actively participate in cardio-arterial pathologies such as atheroma, valve disease, heart failure, aneurysms, hypertension, and physiological aging.
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Presence of vasa vasorum in human intracranial aneurysms. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2020; 162:2283-2293. [PMID: 32696328 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-020-04502-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vasa vasorum is associated with the pathogenesis of various cerebrovascular diseases, but its presence in intracranial aneurysms (IA) and its ability to act as a predicting factor of IA rupture remain unrevealed. METHODS Histological investigation was performed for 3 middle meningeal arteries and 25 human IAs that were sequentially collected from 2017 to 2019. Relevant medical information was collected from the hospital information and imaging system. Fisher's exact tests and Student's t tests were performed to identify the histological and clinical differences between aneurysms with and without vasa vasorum. RESULTS Vasa vasorum were present in 14/25 (56%) aneurysm samples. They were detected at a similar frequency in male patients (4/9, 44.4%) and (10/16, 62.5%) female patients. Patients with vasa vasorum present aneurysms (47.07 ± 3.668 years, n = 14) or vasa vasorum absent aneurysms (50.27 ± 2.289 years, n = 11) did not differ in age (p = 0.49). True aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms also shared a similar rate of vasa vasorum presence (10/16, 62.5% in true aneurysms vs 4/9, 44.4% in pseudoaneurysms). The average size of aneurysms with vasa vasorum varied from 21.70 to 3.00 mm, and no statistical difference in size was detected when comparing aneurysms with and without vasa vasorum (p = 0.71). The vasa vasorum in almost all IAs had uniform vascular trajectory with occasional exceptions. The presence of vasa vasorum appears to be tightly associated with important histopathological changes of myointimal hyperplasia and increased immune cell infiltration in IAs (both p value < 0.05), though it does not appear to be indicative of IA rupture or other rupture-related histological degenerations (all p values > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The presence of vasa vasorum is common in IAs. While it is associated with aneurysm wall remodeling and robust inflammatory cell infiltration, our results indicate that it is not a single specific marker of rupture-prone aneurysms.
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Abstract
Antibody-mediated rejection continues to hinder long-term survival of solid organ allografts. Natural antibodies (Nabs) with polyreactive and autoreactive properties have recently emerged as potential contributors to antibody-mediated graft rejection. This review discusses Nabs, their functions in health and disease, their significance in rejection following kidney, heart, and lung transplantation, and their implication in serum reactivity to key antigens associated with rejection. Finally, potential effector mechanisms of Nabs in the context of transplantation are explored.
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Yoshiyasu N, Sato M. Chronic lung allograft dysfunction post-lung transplantation: The era of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome and restrictive allograft syndrome. World J Transplant 2020; 10:104-116. [PMID: 32864356 PMCID: PMC7428788 DOI: 10.5500/wjt.v10.i5.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) following lung transplantation limits long-term survival considerably. The main reason for this is a lack of knowledge regarding the pathological condition and the establishment of treatment. The consensus statement from the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation on CLAD in 2019 classified CLAD into two main phenotypes: Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome and restrictive allograft syndrome. Along with this clear classification, further exploration of the mechanisms and the development of appropriate prevention and treatment strategies for each phenotype are desired. In this review, we summarize the new definition of CLAD and update and summarize the existing knowledge on the underlying mechanisms of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome and restrictive allograft syndrome, which have been elucidated from clinicopathological observations and animal experiments worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Yoshiyasu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Masaaki Sato
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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Sato Y, Boor P, Fukuma S, Klinkhammer BM, Haga H, Ogawa O, Floege J, Yanagita M. Developmental stages of tertiary lymphoid tissue reflect local injury and inflammation in mouse and human kidneys. Kidney Int 2020; 98:448-463. [PMID: 32473779 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid tissues (TLTs) are inducible ectopic lymphoid tissues in chronic inflammatory states and function as sites of priming local immune responses. We previously demonstrated that aged but not young mice exhibited multiple TLTs after acute kidney injury and that TLTs were also detected in human aged and diseased kidneys. However, the forms of progression and the implication for kidney injury remain unclear. To clarify this we analyzed surgically resected kidneys from aged patients with or without chronic kidney disease as well as kidneys resected for pyelonephritis, and classified TLTs into three distinct developmental stages based on the presence of follicular dendritic cells and germinal centers. In injury-induced murine TLT models, the stages advanced with the extent of kidney injury, and decreased with dexamethasone accompanied with improvement of renal function, fibrosis and inflammation. Kidneys from aged patients with chronic kidney disease consistently exhibited more frequent and advanced stages of TLTs than those without chronic kidney disease. Kidneys of patients with pyelonephritis exhibited more frequent TLTs with more advanced stages than aged kidneys. Additionally, TLTs in both cohorts shared similar locations and components, suggesting that TLT formation may not be a disease-specific phenomenon but rather a common pathological process. Thus, our findings provide the insights into biological features of TLT in the kidney and implicate TLT stage as a potential marker reflecting local injury and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Sato
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Medical Innovation Center TMK Project, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Peter Boor
- Institute of Pathology, Rhenish-Westphalian Technical University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Department of Nephrology, Rhenish-Westphalian Technical University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Shingo Fukuma
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Barbara M Klinkhammer
- Institute of Pathology, Rhenish-Westphalian Technical University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Department of Nephrology, Rhenish-Westphalian Technical University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hironori Haga
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osamu Ogawa
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jürgen Floege
- Department of Nephrology, Rhenish-Westphalian Technical University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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Wehmeier C, Karahan GE, Heidt S. HLA-specific memory B-cell detection in kidney transplantation: Insights and future challenges. Int J Immunogenet 2020; 47:227-234. [PMID: 32390325 PMCID: PMC7317812 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Humoral alloimmunity mediated by anti‐human leucocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies is a major challenge in kidney transplantation and impairs the longevity of the transplanted organ. The immunological risk of an individual patient is currently mainly assessed by detection of HLA antibodies in the serum, which are produced by long‐lived bone marrow‐residing plasma cells. However, humoral alloimmunity is complex, and alloreactive memory B cells constitute an additional factor in the interplay of immune cells. These recirculating “silent” cells are responsible for the immunological recall response by differentiating into antibody‐producing cells upon antigen re‐encounter. Historically, due to the lack of appropriate and routinely applicable assays to determine the presence and HLA specificity of alloreactive memory B cells, their contribution to the humoral alloimmune response has clinically often been suspected but could not be determined. In this review, we give an overview of recent advances in techniques to detect alloreactive memory B cells and discuss their strengths and limitations. Furthermore, we summarize experiences with these techniques in alloimmunized individuals and transplant recipients, thereby emphasizing unmet needs to be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Wehmeier
- Clinic for Transplantation Immunology and Nephrology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gonca E Karahan
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan Heidt
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Tanaka S, Gauthier JM, Fuchs A, Li W, Tong AY, Harrison MS, Higashikubo R, Terada Y, Hachem RR, Ruiz-Perez D, Ritter JH, Cella M, Colonna M, Turnbull IR, Krupnick AS, Gelman AE, Kreisel D. IL-22 is required for the induction of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue in tolerant lung allografts. Am J Transplant 2020; 20:1251-1261. [PMID: 31721409 PMCID: PMC7183893 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Long-term survival after lung transplantation remains profoundly limited by graft rejection. Recent work has shown that bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT), characterized by the development of peripheral nodal addressin (PNAd)-expressing high endothelial venules and enriched in B and Foxp3+ T cells, is important for the maintenance of allograft tolerance. Mechanisms underlying BALT induction in tolerant pulmonary allografts, however, remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the development of PNAd-expressing high endothelial venules within intragraft lymphoid follicles and the recruitment of B cells, but not Foxp3+ cells depends on IL-22. We identify graft-infiltrating gamma-delta (γδ) T cells and Type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) as important producers of IL-22. Reconstitution of IL-22 at late time points through retransplantation into wildtype hosts mediates B cell recruitment into lymphoid follicles within the allograft, resulting in a significant increase in their size, but does not induce PNAd expression. Our work has identified cellular and molecular requirements for the induction of BALT in pulmonary allografts during tolerance induction and may provide a platform for the development of new therapies for lung transplant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satona Tanaka
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Jason M. Gauthier
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Anja Fuchs
- Section of Acute and Critical Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Wenjun Li
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Alice Y. Tong
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - M. Shea Harrison
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Ryuji Higashikubo
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Yuriko Terada
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Ramsey R. Hachem
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Daniel Ruiz-Perez
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Jon H. Ritter
- Division of Experimental Surgery, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Cella
- Division of Experimental Surgery, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Colonna
- Division of Experimental Surgery, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isaiah R. Turnbull
- Section of Acute and Critical Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Alexander S. Krupnick
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Andrew E. Gelman
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri
- Division of Experimental Surgery, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri
- Division of Experimental Surgery, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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Sato M. Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome and restrictive allograft syndrome after lung transplantation: why are there two distinct forms of chronic lung allograft dysfunction? ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:418. [PMID: 32355862 PMCID: PMC7186721 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.02.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) had been considered to be the representative form of chronic rejection or chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) after lung transplantation. In BOS, small airways are affected by chronic inflammation and obliterative fibrosis, whereas peripheral lung tissue remains relatively intact. However, recognition of another form of CLAD involving multiple tissue compartments in the lung, termed restrictive allograft syndrome (RAS), raised a fundamental question: why there are two phenotypes of CLAD? Increasing clinical and experimental data suggest that RAS may be a prototype of chronic rejection after lung transplantation involving both cellular and antibody-mediated alloimmune responses. Some cases of RAS are also induced by fulminant general inflammation in lung allografts. However, BOS involves alloimmune responses and the airway-centered disease process can be explained by multiple mechanisms such as external alloimmune-independent stimuli (such as infection, aspiration and air pollution), exposure of airway-specific autoantigens and airway ischemia. Localization of immune responses in different anatomical compartments in different phenotypes of CLAD might be associated with lymphoid neogenesis or the de novo formation of lymphoid tissue in lung allografts. Better understanding of distinct mechanisms of BOS and RAS will facilitate the development of effective preventive and therapeutic strategies of CLAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Sato
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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44
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Zhang H, Wang S, Su X, Fu Q, Li J, Wang J, Deng R, Wu C, Huang Q, Liu L, Wang C. The role of soluble B cell-activating factor in further stratifying the risk of antibody-mediated rejection post-renal transplant: A meta-analysis. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 79:106059. [PMID: 31865240 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the predictive value of serum soluble B cell-activating factor (sBAFF) for antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR), which remains controversial. METHODS Systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and three Chinese databases. Studies of any relevant design were included. Random and fixed-effects meta-analytical models were used. Study quality, publication bias, and heterogeneity were assessed. This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42019109198). RESULTS Nine observational studies were included in the meta-analysis, including 1302 cases (median NOS quality score = 8, range 6-8). The incidence of ABMR was significantly higher in the high sBAFF group than in the low sBAFF level group (Risk ratio [RR] 2.04 [95% CI 1.52-2.74], I2 = 26%, P < 0.01, N = 1014). The subgroup analysis showed that regardless of pre-transplant donor-specific antibody (DSA) status, the high sBAFF level group still had a significantly higher incidence of ABMR. sBAFF was not associated with the risk of TCMR. The sBAFF level was significantly higher in the anti-HLA-antibody (+) group than in anti-HLA-antibody (-) patients before or after kidney transplantation (Standardized mean difference [SMD] 0.43 [0.29-0.56], P < 0.01, I2 = 34%, N = 1001). CONCLUSION sBAFF is a promising biomarker to further stratify the risk of ABMR post-renal transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanxi Zhang
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuyi Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Su
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Fu
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ronghai Deng
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenglin Wu
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingshan Huang
- Medical Information Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longshan Liu
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), Guangzhou, China.
| | - Changxi Wang
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), Guangzhou, China.
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45
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Watanabe T, Martinu T, Chruscinski A, Boonstra K, Joe B, Horie M, Guan Z, Bei KF, Hwang DM, Liu M, Keshavjee S, Juvet SC. A B cell-dependent pathway drives chronic lung allograft rejection after ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. Am J Transplant 2019; 19:3377-3389. [PMID: 31365766 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) limits long-term survival after lung transplant (LT). Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) promotes chronic rejection (CR) and CLAD, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. To examine mechanisms linking IRI to CR, a mouse orthotopic LT model using a minor alloantigen strain mismatch (C57BL/10 [B10, H-2b ] → C57BL/6 [B6, H-2b ]) and isograft controls (B6→B6) was used with antecedent minimal or prolonged graft storage. The latter resulted in IRI with subsequent airway and parenchymal fibrosis in prolonged storage allografts but not isografts. This pattern of CR after IRI was associated with the formation of B cell-rich tertiary lymphoid organs within the grafts and circulating autoantibodies. These processes were attenuated by B cell depletion, despite preservation of allograft T cell content. Our observations suggest that IRI may promote B cell recruitment that drives CR after LT. These observations have implications for the mechanisms leading to CLAD after LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuaki Watanabe
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tereza Martinu
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrzej Chruscinski
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kristen Boonstra
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Betty Joe
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Miho Horie
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zehong Guan
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ke Fan Bei
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David M Hwang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shaf Keshavjee
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen C Juvet
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Khattar M, Baum CE, Schroder P, Breidenbach JD, Haller ST, Chen W, Stepkowski S. Interleukin 21 (IL-21) regulates chronic allograft vasculopathy (CAV) in murine heart allograft rejection. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225624. [PMID: 31756235 PMCID: PMC6874341 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-21 is the most recently discovered common gamma-chain cytokine that promotes persistent T-cell responses in chronic infections, autoimmunity and cancer. However, the therapeutic potential of inhibiting the IL-21-BATF signaling axis, particularly in transplant rejection, remains unclear. We used heart transplant models to examine the effects of IL-21 blockade in prevention of chronic cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) using genetic knock-out and therapeutic approaches. Both wild-type C57BL/6 and IL-21-/- strains acutely rejected Balb/c skin grafts and once immunized with this skin graft, rejected Balb/c heart allografts in an accelerated fashion. However, when transplanted with heart grafts from the class-II major histocompatibility complex mutant, B6bm12 mice; wild-type recipients developed CAV, while IL-21-/- recipients were protected, even at day 100 post-transplant. Similarly, BATF-/- recipients, lacking the transcription factor BATF responsible for IL-21 production, did not develop CAV in B6-bm12 heart allografts. Strikingly, in a transient treatment protocol, the development of CAV in wild-type recipients of B6-bm12 hearts allografts was blocked by the administration of IL-21 receptor fusion protein (R-Fc). Thus, we demonstrate that CAV is regulated at least in part by IL-21 signaling and its blockade by genetic approaches or therapy with IL-21R-Fc prevents CAV in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithun Khattar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States of America
| | - Caitlin E. Baum
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States of America
| | - Paul Schroder
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Joshua D. Breidenbach
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States of America
| | - Steven T. Haller
- Department of Medicine, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States of America
| | - Wenhao Chen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States of America
| | - Stanislaw Stepkowski
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Niu Q, Kraaijeveld R, Li Y, Mendoza Rojas A, Shi Y, Wang L, Van Besouw NM, Baan CC. An overview of T follicular cells in transplantation: spotlight on their clinical significance. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2019; 15:1249-1262. [PMID: 31721600 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2020.1693262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: For late stage organ failure patients, transplantation is the best option to increase life expectancy with a superior quality of life. Unfortunately, after transplantation many patients are at risk of cellular and antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR). The latter is initiated by donor specific antibodies (DSA) which depend on the actions of B cells, T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells that are present in the germinal center of lymphoid organs.Areas covered: In this overview paper, we discuss the biology and function of Tfh and Tfr cells in lymphoid tissues, transplanted organs and their circulating counterparts. We report on their relevance to alloimmunity and on the effects of immunosuppressive drugs on these immunocompetent cell populations.Expert opinion: Growing knowledge about the actions of Tfh and Tfr allows for a better understanding of the immunological mechanisms of ABMR after organ transplantation. This understanding feeds the hypothesis that immunosuppressive drugs targeting the actions of Tfh cells have huge therapeutic potential. This new concept in the treatment of the humoral rejection response will improve graft and patient survival after organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Niu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Research Centre of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department Internal Medicine - Sector Nephrology & Transplantation, The Rotterdam Transplant Group, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rens Kraaijeveld
- Department Internal Medicine - Sector Nephrology & Transplantation, The Rotterdam Transplant Group, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Research Centre of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Aleixandra Mendoza Rojas
- Department Internal Medicine - Sector Nephrology & Transplantation, The Rotterdam Transplant Group, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yunying Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Research Centre of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lanlan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Research Centre of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nicole M Van Besouw
- Department Internal Medicine - Sector Nephrology & Transplantation, The Rotterdam Transplant Group, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carla C Baan
- Department Internal Medicine - Sector Nephrology & Transplantation, The Rotterdam Transplant Group, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Kollar B, Kamat P, Klein H, Waldner M, Schweizer R, Plock J. The Significance of Vascular Alterations in Acute and Chronic Rejection for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation. J Vasc Res 2019; 56:163-180. [DOI: 10.1159/000500958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Abstract
The Tasmanian devil is the only mammalian species to harbour two independent lineages of contagious cancer. Devil facial tumour 1 (DFT1) emerged in the 1990s and has caused significant population declines. Devil facial tumour 2 (DFT2) was identified in 2014, and evidence indicates that this new tumour has emerged independently of DFT1. While DFT1 is widespread across Tasmania, DFT2 is currently found only on the Channel Peninsula in south east Tasmania. Allograft transmission of cancer cells should be prevented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. DFT1 avoids immune detection by downregulating MHC class I expression, which can be reversed by treatment with interferon-gamma (IFNγ), while DFT2 currently circulates in hosts with a similar MHC class I genotype to the tumour. Wild Tasmanian devil numbers have not recovered from the emergence of DFT1, and it is feared that widespread transmission of DFT2 will be devastating to the remaining wild population. A preventative solution for the management of the disease is needed. Here, we review the current research on immune responses to devil facial tumours and vaccine strategies against DFT1 and outline our plans moving forward to develop a specific, effective vaccine to support the wild Tasmanian devil population against the threat of these two transmissible tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S Owen
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton , Southampton , UK
| | - Hannah V Siddle
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton , Southampton , UK.,Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton , Southampton , UK
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50
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Sautès-Fridman C, Petitprez F, Calderaro J, Fridman WH. Tertiary lymphoid structures in the era of cancer immunotherapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2019; 19:307-325. [PMID: 31092904 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-019-0144-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 821] [Impact Index Per Article: 164.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are ectopic lymphoid organs that develop in non-lymphoid tissues at sites of chronic inflammation including tumours. Key common characteristics between secondary lymphoid organogenesis and TLS neogenesis have been identified. TLSs exist under different maturation states in tumours, culminating in germinal centre formation. The mechanisms that underlie the role of TLSs in the adaptive antitumour immune response are being deciphered. The description of the correlation between TLS presence and clinical benefit in patients with cancer, suggesting that TLSs could be a prognostic and predictive factor, has drawn strong interest into investigating the role of TLSs in tumours. A current major challenge is to exploit TLSs to promote lymphocyte infiltration, activation by tumour antigens and differentiation to increase the antitumour immune response. Several approaches are being developed using chemokines, cytokines, antibodies, antigen-presenting cells or synthetic scaffolds to induce TLS formation. Strategies aiming to induce TLS neogenesis in immune-low tumours and in immune-high tumours, in this case, in combination with therapeutic agents dampening the inflammatory environment and/or with immune checkpoint inhibitors, represent promising avenues for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Sautès-Fridman
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université de Paris, Equipe Inflammation, complément et cancer, F-75006, Paris, France.
| | - Florent Petitprez
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université de Paris, Equipe Inflammation, complément et cancer, F-75006, Paris, France
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Julien Calderaro
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université de Paris, Equipe Inflammation, complément et cancer, F-75006, Paris, France
- Département de Pathologie, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Henri Mondor, Créteil, France; Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
- INSERM U955, Equipe 18, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Créteil, France
| | - Wolf Herman Fridman
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université de Paris, Equipe Inflammation, complément et cancer, F-75006, Paris, France
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