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Guo K, Zhou J. Insights into eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A: Its role and mechanisms in protein synthesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119849. [PMID: 39303786 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
The protein synthesis within eukaryotic cells is a complex process involving various translation factors. Among these factors, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5 A (eIF5A) emerges as a crucial translation factor with high evolutionary conservation. eIF5A is unique as it is the only protein in eukaryotic cells containing the hypusine modification. Initially presumed to be a translation initiation factor, eIF5A was subsequently discovered to act mainly during the translation elongation phase. Notably, eIF5A facilitates the translation of peptide sequences containing polyproline stretches and exerts a universal regulatory effect on the elongation and termination phases of protein synthesis. Additionally, eIF5A indirectly affects various physiological processes within the cell by modulating the translation of specific proteins. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the structure, physiological functions, various post-translational modifications of eIF5A, and its association with various human diseases. The comparison between eIF5A and its bacterial homolog, EF-P, extends the discussion to the evolutionary conservation of eIF5A. This highlights its significance across different domains of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keying Guo
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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2
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Wątor E, Wilk P, Kochanowski P, Grudnik P. Structural characterization of the (deoxy)hypusination in Trichomonas vaginalis questions the bifunctionality of deoxyhypusine synthase. FEBS J 2024; 291:3856-3869. [PMID: 38923395 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Trichomonas vaginalis, the causative agent of trichomoniasis, is a prevalent anaerobic protozoan parasite responsible for the most common nonviral sexually transmitted infection globally. While metronidazole and its derivatives are approved drugs for this infection, rising resistance necessitates the exploration of new antiparasitic therapies. Protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) play crucial roles in cellular processes, and among them, hypusination, involving eukaryotic translation factor 5A (eIF5A), has profound implications. Despite extensive studies in various organisms, the role of hypusination in T. vaginalis and its potential impact on parasite biology and pathogenicity remain poorly understood. This study aims to unravel the structural basis of the hypusination pathway in T. vaginalis using X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy. The results reveal high structural homology between T. vaginalis and human orthologs, providing insights into the molecular architecture of eIF5A and deoxyhypusine synthase (DHS) and their interaction. Contrary to previous suggestions of bifunctionality, our analyses indicate that the putative hydroxylation site in tvDHS is nonfunctional, and biochemical assays demonstrate exclusive deoxyhypusination capability. These findings challenge the notion of tvDHS functioning as both deoxyhypusine synthase and hydroxylase. The study enhances understanding of the hypusination pathway in T. vaginalis, shedding light on its functional relevance and potential as a drug target, and contributing to the development of novel therapeutic strategies against trichomoniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Wątor
- Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Wilk
- Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Kochanowski
- Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Przemysław Grudnik
- Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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Nakanishi S, Cleveland JL. The Many Faces of Hypusinated eIF5A: Cell Context-Specific Effects of the Hypusine Circuit and Implications for Human Health. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8171. [PMID: 39125743 PMCID: PMC11311669 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The unique amino acid hypusine [Nε-(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)lysine] is exclusively formed on the translational regulator eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) via a process coined hypusination. Hypusination is mediated by two enzymes, deoxyhypusine synthase (DHPS) and deoxyhypusine hydroxylase (DOHH), and hypusinated eIF5A (eIF5AHyp) promotes translation elongation by alleviating ribosome pauses at amino acid motifs that cause structural constraints, and it also facilitates translation initiation and termination. Accordingly, eIF5AHyp has diverse biological functions that rely on translational control of its targets. Homozygous deletion of Eif5a, Dhps, or Dohh in mice leads to embryonic lethality, and heterozygous germline variants in EIF5A and biallelic variants in DHPS and DOHH are associated with rare inherited neurodevelopmental disorders, underscoring the importance of the hypusine circuit for embryonic and neuronal development. Given the pleiotropic effects of eIF5AHyp, a detailed understanding of the cell context-specific intrinsic roles of eIF5AHyp and of the chronic versus acute effects of eIF5AHyp inhibition is necessary to develop future strategies for eIF5AHyp-targeted therapy to treat various human health problems. Here, we review the most recent studies documenting the intrinsic roles of eIF5AHyp in different tissues/cell types under normal or pathophysiological conditions and discuss these unique aspects of eIF5AHyp-dependent translational control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Nakanishi
- Department of Tumor Microenvironment & Metastasis, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
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Gobert AP, Finley J, Asim M, Barry DP, Allaman MM, Hawkins CV, Williams KJ, Delagado AG, Mirmira RG, Zhao S, Piazuelo MB, Washington MK, Coburn LA, Wilson KT. Analysis of the effect of hypusination in myeloid cells on colitis and colitis-associated cancer. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33838. [PMID: 39027559 PMCID: PMC11255582 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypusine is an amino acid synthesized by the enzyme deoxyhypusine synthase (DHPS). It is critical for the activity of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (EIF5A). We reported that hypusination i) in macrophages supports the innate response towards pathogenic bacteria and ii) in epithelial cells maintains intestinal homeostasis. Herein, we investigated the effect of myeloid hypusination on the outcome of colitis and colitis-associated cancer. We found that patients with Crohn's disease exhibit increased levels of DHPS and EIF5AHyp in cells infiltrating the colon lamina propria. However, the specific deletion of Dhps in myeloid cells had no impact on clinical, histological, or inflammatory parameters in mice treated with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Further, tumorigenesis and level of dysplasia were not affected by myeloid deletion of Dhps in the azoxymethane-DSS model. The composition of the fecal and the mucosa-associated microbiome was similar in animals lacking or not DHPS in myeloid cells. Thus, hypusination in myeloid cells does not regulate colitis associated with epithelial injury and colitis-associated cancer. Enhancement of the DHPS/hypusine pathway in patients with inflammatory bowel disease could have therapeutic impact through epithelial effects, but modulation of hypusination in myeloid cells will be unlikely to affect the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain P. Gobert
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Jordan Finley
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Mohammad Asim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Daniel P. Barry
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Margaret M. Allaman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Caroline V. Hawkins
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Kamery J. Williams
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Alberto G. Delagado
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Raghavendra G. Mirmira
- Kovler Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Shilin Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - M. Blanca Piazuelo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - M. Kay Washington
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Lori A. Coburn
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Keith T. Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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Wu B, Liu S. Structural Insights into the Mechanisms Underlying Polyaminopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6340. [PMID: 38928047 PMCID: PMC11203672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyamines are ubiquitous in almost all biological entities and involved in various crucial physiological processes. They are also closely associated with the onset and progression of many diseases. Polyaminopathies are a group of rare genetic disorders caused by alterations in the function of proteins within the polyamine metabolism network. Although the identified polyaminopathies are all rare diseases at present, they are genetically heritable, rendering high risks not only to the carriers but also to their descendants. Meanwhile, more polyaminopathic patients might be discovered with the increasing accessibility of gene sequencing. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the structural variations of mutated proteins in current polyaminopathies, in addition to their causative genes, types of mutations, clinical symptoms, and therapeutic approaches. We focus on analyzing how alterations in protein structure lead to protein dysfunction, thereby facilitating the onset of diseases. We hope this review will offer valuable insights and references for the future clinical diagnosis and precision treatment of polyaminopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wu
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Wuhan 430068, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Sen Liu
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Wuhan 430068, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
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Pérez-Pertejo Y, García-Estrada C, Martínez-Valladares M, Murugesan S, Reguera RM, Balaña-Fouce R. Polyamine Metabolism for Drug Intervention in Trypanosomatids. Pathogens 2024; 13:79. [PMID: 38251386 PMCID: PMC10820115 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases transmitted by trypanosomatids include three major human scourges that globally affect the world's poorest people: African trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness, American trypanosomiasis or Chagas disease and different types of leishmaniasis. Different metabolic pathways have been targeted to find antitrypanosomatid drugs, including polyamine metabolism. Since their discovery, the naturally occurring polyamines, putrescine, spermidine and spermine, have been considered important metabolites involved in cell growth. With a complex metabolism involving biosynthesis, catabolism and interconversion, the synthesis of putrescine and spermidine was targeted by thousands of compounds in an effort to produce cell growth blockade in tumor and infectious processes with limited success. However, the discovery of eflornithine (DFMO) as a curative drug against sleeping sickness encouraged researchers to develop new molecules against these diseases. Polyamine synthesis inhibitors have also provided insight into the peculiarities of this pathway between the host and the parasite, and also among different trypanosomatid species, thus allowing the search for new specific chemical entities aimed to treat these diseases and leading to the investigation of target-based scaffolds. The main molecular targets include the enzymes involved in polyamine biosynthesis (ornithine decarboxylase, S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase and spermidine synthase), enzymes participating in their uptake from the environment, and the enzymes involved in the redox balance of the parasite. In this review, we summarize the research behind polyamine-based treatments, the current trends, and the main challenges in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Pérez-Pertejo
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Campus de Vegazana s/n, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; (Y.P.-P.); (C.G.-E.); (R.M.R.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Campus de Vegazana s/n, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Carlos García-Estrada
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Campus de Vegazana s/n, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; (Y.P.-P.); (C.G.-E.); (R.M.R.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Campus de Vegazana s/n, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | | | - Sankaranarayanan Murugesan
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Pilani 333031, India;
| | - Rosa M. Reguera
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Campus de Vegazana s/n, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; (Y.P.-P.); (C.G.-E.); (R.M.R.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Campus de Vegazana s/n, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Rafael Balaña-Fouce
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Campus de Vegazana s/n, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; (Y.P.-P.); (C.G.-E.); (R.M.R.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Campus de Vegazana s/n, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
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7
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Gobert AP, Smith TM, Latour YL, Asim M, Barry DP, Allaman MM, Williams KJ, McNamara KM, Delgado AG, Short SP, Mirmira RG, Rose KL, Schey KL, Zagol-Ikapitte I, Coleman JS, Boutaud O, Zhao S, Piazuelo MB, Washington MK, Coburn LA, Wilson KT. Hypusination Maintains Intestinal Homeostasis and Prevents Colitis and Carcinogenesis by Enhancing Aldehyde Detoxification. Gastroenterology 2023; 165:656-669.e8. [PMID: 37271289 PMCID: PMC10527201 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The amino acid hypusine, synthesized from the polyamine spermidine by the enzyme deoxyhypusine synthase (DHPS), is essential for the activity of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (EIF5A). The role of hypusinated EIF5A (EIF5AHyp) remains unknown in intestinal homeostasis. Our aim was to investigate EIF5AHyp in the gut epithelium in inflammation and carcinogenesis. METHODS We used human colon tissue messenger RNA samples and publicly available transcriptomic datasets, tissue microarrays, and patient-derived colon organoids. Mice with intestinal epithelial-specific deletion of Dhps were investigated at baseline and in models of colitis and colon carcinogenesis. RESULTS We found that patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease exhibit reduced colon levels of DHPS messenger RNA and DHPS protein and reduced levels of EIF5AHyp. Similarly, colonic organoids from colitis patients also show down-regulated DHPS expression. Mice with intestinal epithelial-specific deletion of Dhps develop spontaneous colon hyperplasia, epithelial proliferation, crypt distortion, and inflammation. Furthermore, these mice are highly susceptible to experimental colitis and show exacerbated colon tumorigenesis when treated with a carcinogen. Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis on colonic epithelial cells demonstrated that loss of hypusination induces multiple pathways related to cancer and immune response. Moreover, we found that hypusination enhances translation of numerous enzymes involved in aldehyde detoxification, including glutathione S-transferases and aldehyde dehydrogenases. Accordingly, hypusination-deficient mice exhibit increased levels of aldehyde adducts in the colon, and their treatment with a scavenger of electrophiles reduces colitis. CONCLUSIONS Hypusination in intestinal epithelial cells has a key role in the prevention of colitis and colorectal cancer, and enhancement of this pathway via supplementation of spermidine could have a therapeutic impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain P Gobert
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
| | - Thaddeus M Smith
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Yvonne L Latour
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Mohammad Asim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Daniel P Barry
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Margaret M Allaman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kamery J Williams
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kara M McNamara
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Alberto G Delgado
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Sarah P Short
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Kovler Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kristie L Rose
- Department of Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kevin L Schey
- Department of Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Irene Zagol-Ikapitte
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jeremy S Coleman
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Olivier Boutaud
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Shilin Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - M Blanca Piazuelo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - M Kay Washington
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lori A Coburn
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Keith T Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee.
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Padgett LR, Shinkle MR, Rosario S, Stewart TM, Foley JR, Casero RA, Park MH, Chung WK, Mastracci TL. Deoxyhypusine synthase mutations alter the post-translational modification of eukaryotic initiation factor 5A resulting in impaired human and mouse neural homeostasis. HGG ADVANCES 2023; 4:100206. [PMID: 37333770 PMCID: PMC10275725 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2023.100206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
DHPS deficiency is a rare genetic disease caused by biallelic hypomorphic variants in the Deoxyhypusine synthase (DHPS) gene. The DHPS enzyme functions in mRNA translation by catalyzing the post-translational modification, and therefore activation, of eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A). The observed clinical outcomes associated with human mutations in DHPS include developmental delay, intellectual disability, and seizures. Therefore, to increase our understanding of this rare disease, it is critical to determine the mechanisms by which mutations in DHPS alter neurodevelopment. In this study, we have generated patient-derived lymphoblast cell lines and demonstrated that human DHPS variants alter DHPS protein abundance and impair enzyme function. Moreover, we observe a shift in the abundance of the post-translationally modified forms of eIF5A; specifically, an increase in the nuclear localized acetylated form (eIF5AAcK47) and concomitant decrease in the cytoplasmic localized hypusinated form (eIF5AHYP). Generation and characterization of a mouse model with a genetic deletion of Dhps in the brain at birth shows that loss of hypusine biosynthesis impacts neuronal function due to impaired eIF5AHYP-dependent mRNA translation; this translation defect results in altered expression of proteins required for proper neuronal development and function. This study reveals new insight into the biological consequences and molecular impact of human DHPS deficiency and provides valuable information toward the goal of developing treatment strategies for this rare disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah R. Padgett
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Mollie R. Shinkle
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Spencer Rosario
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Tracy Murray Stewart
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Jackson R. Foley
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Robert A. Casero
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Myung Hee Park
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4340, USA
| | - Wendy K. Chung
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Teresa L. Mastracci
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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9
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Lee GK, Kim HY, Park JH. Inhibiting eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) hypusination attenuated activation of the SIK2 (salt-inducible kinase 2)-p4E-BP1 pathway involved in ovarian cancer cell proliferation and migration. Mol Biol Rep 2023:10.1007/s11033-023-08510-5. [PMID: 37219665 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08510-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eukaryotic initiation factor 5A hypusine (eIF5AHyp) stimulates the translation of proline repeat motifs. Salt inducible kinase 2 (SIK2) containing a proline repeat motif is overexpressed in ovarian cancers, in which it promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. METHODS AND RESULTS Western blotting and dual luciferase analyses showed that depletion of eIF5AHyp by GC7 or eIF5A-targeting siRNA downregulated SIK2 level and decreased luciferase activity in cells transfected with a luciferase-based reporter construct containing consecutive proline residues, whereas the activity of the mutant control reporter construct (replacing P825L, P828H, and P831Q) did not change. According to the MTT assay, GC7, which has a potential antiproliferative effect, reduced the viability of several ovarian cancer cell lines by 20-35% at high concentrations (ES2 > CAOV-3 > OVCAR-3 > TOV-112D) but not at low concentrations. In a pull-down assay, we identified eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) and 4E-BP1 (p4E-BP1) phosphorylated at Ser 65 as downstream binding partners of SIK2, and we validated that the level of p4E-BP1(Ser 65) was downregulated by SIK2-targeting siRNA. Conversely, in ES2 cells overexpressing SIK2, the p4E-BP1(Ser 65) level was increased but decreased in the presence of GC7 or eIF5A-targeting siRNA. Finally, the migration, clonogenicity, and viability of ES2 ovarian cancer cells were reduced by GC7 treatment as well as by siRNA for eIF5A gene silencing and siRNA for SIK2 and 4E-BP1 gene silencing. Conversely, those activities were increased in cells overexpressing SIK2 or 4E-BP1 and decreased again in the presence of GC7. CONCLUSION The depletion of eIF5AHyp by GC7 or eIF5A-targeting siRNA attenuated activation of the SIK2-p4EBP1 pathway. In that way, eIF5AHyp depletion reduces the migration, clonogenicity, and viability of ES2 ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Kelly Lee
- Chingchai Wanidworanun, MD PLLC, 4001 9th St N Suite 228, Arlington, VA, 22203, USA
| | - Hae-Yeong Kim
- Institute of Life Science and Resources and Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, South Korea.
| | - Jong Hwan Park
- Research Institute of Medical Science, School of Medicine, KonKuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, South Korea.
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10
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Schultz CR, Sheldon RD, Xie H, Demireva EY, Uhl KL, Agnew DW, Geerts D, Bachmann AS. New K50R mutant mouse models reveal impaired hypusination of eif5a2 with alterations in cell metabolite landscape. Biol Open 2023; 12:bio059647. [PMID: 36848144 PMCID: PMC10084858 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A1 (eIF5A1) and 5A2 (eIF5A2) are important proteins in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes and their function has been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders, cancer, and viral infections. Here, we report two new genome-edited mouse models, generated using a CRISPR-Cas9 approach, in which the amino acid residue lysine 50 is replaced with arginine 50 (K50R) in eIF5A1 or in the closely related eIF5A2 protein. This mutation prevents the spermidine-dependent post-translational formation of hypusine, a unique lysine derivative that is necessary for activation of eIF5A1 and eIF5A2. Mouse brain lysates from homozygous eif5a2-K50R mutant mice (eif5a2K50R/K50R) confirmed the absence of hypusine formation of eIF5A2, and metabolomic analysis of primary mouse dermal fibroblasts revealed significant alterations in the metabolite landscape compared to controls including increased levels of tryptophan, kyrunenine, pyridoxine, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, riboflavin, flavin adenine dinucleotide, pantothenate, and coenzyme A. Further supported by new publicly available bioinformatics data, these new mouse models represent excellent in vivo models to study hypusine-dependent biological processes, hypusination-related disorders caused by eIF5A1 and eIF5A2 gene aberrations or mRNA expression dysregulation, as well as several major human cancer types and potential therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad R. Schultz
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Ryan D. Sheldon
- Core Technologies and Services, Mass Spectrometry Core, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Huirong Xie
- Transgenic and Genome Editing Facility, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Research Technology Support Facility, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Elena Y. Demireva
- Transgenic and Genome Editing Facility, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Research Technology Support Facility, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Katie L. Uhl
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Dalen W. Agnew
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Dirk Geerts
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location VUMC, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - André S. Bachmann
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
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11
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Eukaryotic initiation factor 5A hypusine as a negative regulator of adenosine 2B receptor (A2bAR) through interaction with stem loop sequences within the A2bAR 3'-untranslated region. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:3099-3109. [PMID: 36689050 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08252-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate whether eIF5A hypusine (eIF5AHyp) reduces adenosine 2b receptor (A2bAR) gene expression through interaction with highly structured stem-loop sequences within the A2bAR 3'UTR. METHODS AND RESULTS Based on real-time PCR and western blotting, expression of A2bAR mRNA was significantly decreased upon treatment with eIF5AHyp in mouse embryonic fibroblasts of eIF5A (eIF5A-MEF) and 3T3-L1 cells. Target Scan software and RNAfold web server predicted two different structures formed by stem-loop sequences with overlapping microRNA 27 seed sequences and mutations. The EMSA results showed significantly impaired formation of the wild type (WT) biotin-labeled A2bAR probe (27 base) containing stem loop sequences-eIF5AHyp complex by mutation of stem-loop sequences or by eIF5A non-hypusine (eIF5ALys). The luciferase reporter assay showed that GC7-induced eIF5ALys accumulation increased the activity of pMIR-A2bAR WT containing the same stem-loop sequence in 3T3-L1 cells, whereas the activity with pMIR-A2bAR Mut was increased compared to WT control without dependence on GC7. Oil Red O staining showed that suppression of A2bAR expression (A2bAR siRNA and eIF5AHyp) increased the amount of lipid droplet formation and the mRNA levels of lipid droplet-related genes (C/EBP-β, PPAR-γ, FABP4, SREBP-1, and Perilipin). In contrast, overexpression of A2bAR (A2bAR vector, eIF5ALys vector, and GC7) significantly decreased the expression of lipid droplet-associated genes and lipid droplet formation. CONCLUSIONS eIF5AHyp acts as a negative regulator of A2bAR gene expression through stem loop sequences in A2bAR 3'UTR, allowing differentiation of adipocytes.
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12
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Tan TCJ, Kelly V, Zou X, Wright D, Ly T, Zamoyska R. Translation factor eIF5a is essential for IFNγ production and cell cycle regulation in primary CD8 + T lymphocytes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7796. [PMID: 36528626 PMCID: PMC9759561 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35252-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Control of mRNA translation adjusts protein production rapidly and facilitates local cellular responses to environmental conditions. Traditionally initiation of translation is considered to be a major translational control point, however, control of peptide elongation is also important. Here we show that the function of the elongation factor, eIF5a, is regulated dynamically in naïve CD8+ T cells upon activation by post-translational modification, whereupon it facilitates translation of specific subsets of proteins. eIF5a is essential for long-term survival of effector CD8+ T cells and sequencing of nascent polypeptides indicates that the production of proteins which regulate proliferation and key effector functions, particularly the production of IFNγ and less acutely TNF production and cytotoxicity, is dependent on the presence of functional eIF5a. Control of translation in multiple immune cell lineages is required to co-ordinate immune responses and these data illustrate that translational elongation contributes to post-transcriptional regulons important for the control of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C J Tan
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Van Kelly
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Xiaoyan Zou
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK
| | - David Wright
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Tony Ly
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, Life Sciences Research Complex, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Rose Zamoyska
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK.
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13
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Ziegler A, Steindl K, Hanner AS, Kumar Kar R, Prouteau C, Boland A, Deleuze JF, Coubes C, Bézieau S, Küry S, Maystadt I, Le Mao M, Lenaers G, Navet B, Faivre L, Tran Mau-Them F, Zanoni P, Chung WK, Rauch A, Bonneau D, Park MH. Bi-allelic variants in DOHH, catalyzing the last step of hypusine biosynthesis, are associated with a neurodevelopmental disorder. Am J Hum Genet 2022; 109:1549-1558. [PMID: 35858628 PMCID: PMC9388783 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Deoxyhypusine hydroxylase (DOHH) is the enzyme catalyzing the second step in the post-translational synthesis of hypusine [Nε-(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)lysine] in the eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A). Hypusine is formed exclusively in eIF5A by two sequential enzymatic steps catalyzed by deoxyhypusine synthase (DHPS) and deoxyhypusine hydroxylase (DOHH). Hypusinated eIF5A is essential for translation and cell proliferation in eukaryotes, and all three genes encoding eIF5A, DHPS, and DOHH are highly conserved throughout eukaryotes. Pathogenic variants affecting either DHPS or EIF5A have been previously associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. Using trio exome sequencing, we identified rare bi-allelic pathogenic missense and truncating DOHH variants segregating with disease in five affected individuals from four unrelated families. The DOHH variants are associated with a neurodevelopmental phenotype that is similar to phenotypes caused by DHPS or EIF5A variants and includes global developmental delay, intellectual disability, facial dysmorphism, and microcephaly. A two-dimensional gel analyses revealed the accumulation of deoxyhypusine-containing eIF5A [eIF5A(Dhp)] and a reduction in the hypusinated eIF5A in fibroblasts derived from affected individuals, providing biochemical evidence for deficiency of DOHH activity in cells carrying the bi-allelic DOHH variants. Our data suggest that rare bi-allelic variants in DOHH result in reduced enzyme activity, limit the hypusination of eIF5A, and thereby lead to a neurodevelopmental disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alban Ziegler
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d’Angers, 49933, Angers France,Université d’Angers, MitoVasc Unit, UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 6015, INSERM 1083, 49000 Angers, France,Corresponding author
| | - Katharina Steindl
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ashleigh S. Hanner
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4340, USA
| | - Rajesh Kumar Kar
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4340, USA
| | - Clément Prouteau
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d’Angers, 49933, Angers France
| | - Anne Boland
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, 91057, Evry, France
| | - Jean Francois Deleuze
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, 91057, Evry, France
| | - Christine Coubes
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Centre Hospitalier-Universitaire de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphane Bézieau
- Nantes Université, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, 44000 Nantes, France,Nantes Université, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Sébastien Küry
- Nantes Université, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, 44000 Nantes, France,Nantes Université, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Isabelle Maystadt
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique, 6041 Gosselies, Belgique
| | - Morgane Le Mao
- Université d’Angers, MitoVasc Unit, UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 6015, INSERM 1083, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Guy Lenaers
- Université d’Angers, MitoVasc Unit, UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 6015, INSERM 1083, 49000 Angers, France,Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d’Angers, 49933, Angers France
| | - Benjamin Navet
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d’Angers, 49933, Angers France
| | - Laurence Faivre
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche des Sciences de Santé, INSERM-Université de Bourgogne, UMR 1231, Genetics of Developmental Disorders, FHU-TRANSLAD, 21000, Dijon, France,Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, FHU-TRANSLAD, Hôpital d'Enfants, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Frédéric Tran Mau-Them
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche des Sciences de Santé, INSERM-Université de Bourgogne, UMR 1231, Genetics of Developmental Disorders, FHU-TRANSLAD, 21000, Dijon, France,Unité Fonctionnelle d’Innovation Diagnostique des Maladies Rares, FHU-TRANSLAD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Paolo Zanoni
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wendy K. Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA,Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Anita Rauch
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland,University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Bonneau
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d’Angers, 49933, Angers France,Université d’Angers, MitoVasc Unit, UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 6015, INSERM 1083, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Myung Hee Park
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4340, USA,Corresponding author
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14
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Katiki M, Sharma M, Neetu N, Rentala M, Kumar P. Biophysical and modeling-based approach for the identification of inhibitors against DOHH from Leishmania donovani. Brief Funct Genomics 2022; 22:217-226. [PMID: 35809341 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elac014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The amino acid hypusine (Nε-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl(lysine)) occurs only in isoforms of eukaryotic translation factor 5A (eIF5A) and has a role in initiating protein translation. Hypusinated eIF5A promotes translation and modulates mitochondrial function and oxygen consumption rates. The hypusination of eIF5A involves two enzymes, deoxyhypusine synthase and deoxyhypusine hydroxylase (DOHH). DOHH is the second enzyme that completes the synthesis of hypusine and the maturation of eIF5A. Our current study aims to identify inhibitors against DOHH from Leishmania donovani (LdDOHH), an intracellular protozoan parasite causing Leishmaniasis in humans. The LdDOHH protein was produced heterologously in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells and characterized biochemically. The three-dimensional structure was predicted, and the compounds folic acid, scutellarin and homoarbutin were selected as top hits in virtual screening. These compounds were observed to bind in the active site of LdDOHH stabilizing the structure by making hydrogen bonds in the active site, as observed by the docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies. These results pave the path for further investigation of these molecules for their anti-leishmanial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusudhanarao Katiki
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India, 247667
| | - Monica Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India, 247667
| | - Neetu Neetu
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India, 247667
| | | | - Pravindra Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India, 247667
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15
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Zhang Y, Su D, Zhu J, Wang M, Zhang Y, Fu Q, Zhang S, Lin H. Oxygen level regulates N-terminal translation elongation of selected proteins through deoxyhypusine hydroxylation. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110855. [PMID: 35613595 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypusine is a post-translational modification on eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A). The last step of hypusine biosynthesis, deoxyhypusine hydroxylation, is an oxygen-dependent reaction. Here we show that deletion of the deoxyhypusine hydroxylase Lia1 compromises yeast respiration through translation downregulation of selected proteins in the respiration pathway. The translation suppression, because of the lack of deoxyhypusine hydroxylation, mainly affects translation of the N termini of the proteins, independent of the presence of proline residues but likely dependent on the interaction between the N-terminal nascent peptide and the ribosomal peptide exit tunnel. Proteomics and biochemical studies reveal that Lia1 deletion decreases N-terminal translation of proteins involved in mitochondrial respiration, oxidative stress response, and protein folding. Our work uncovers functions of the hypusine modification by considering the substrate requirement of the post-translational modification, highlights the unique challenges of translating the N termini of proteins, and reveals an oxygen-sensing mechanism in eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Dan Su
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Julia Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Yandong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Qin Fu
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Hening Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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16
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Park MH, Kar RK, Banka S, Ziegler A, Chung WK. Post-translational formation of hypusine in eIF5A: implications in human neurodevelopment. Amino Acids 2022; 54:485-499. [PMID: 34273022 PMCID: PMC9117371 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03023-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Hypusine [Nε-(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)lysine] is a derivative of lysine that is formed post-translationally in the eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A). Its occurrence at a single site in one cellular protein defines hypusine synthesis as one of the most specific post-translational modifications. Synthesis of hypusine involves two enzymatic steps: first, deoxyhypusine synthase (DHPS) cleaves the 4-aminobutyl moiety of spermidine and transfers it to the ε-amino group of a specific lysine residue of the eIF5A precursor protein to form an intermediate, deoxyhypusine [Nε-(4-aminobutyl)lysine]. This intermediate is subsequently hydroxylated by deoxyhypusine hydroxylase (DOHH) to form hypusine in eIF5A. eIF5A, DHPS, and DOHH are highly conserved in all eukaryotes, and both enzymes exhibit a strict specificity toward eIF5A substrates. eIF5A promotes translation elongation globally by alleviating ribosome stalling and it also facilitates translation termination. Hypusine is required for the activity of eIF5A, mammalian cell proliferation, and animal development. Homozygous knockout of any of the three genes, Eif5a, Dhps, or Dohh, leads to embryonic lethality in mice. eIF5A has been implicated in various human pathological conditions. A recent genetic study reveals that heterozygous germline EIF5A variants cause Faundes-Banka syndrome, a craniofacial-neurodevelopmental malformations in humans. Biallelic variants of DHPS were identified as the genetic basis underlying a rare inherited neurodevelopmental disorder. Furthermore, biallelic DOHH variants also appear to be associated with neurodevelopmental disorder. The clinical phenotypes of these patients include intellectual disability, developmental delay, seizures, microcephaly, growth impairment, and/or facial dysmorphisms. Taken together, these findings underscore the importance of eIF5A and the hypusine modification pathway in neurodevelopment in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Hee Park
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Rajesh Kumar Kar
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Siddharth Banka
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Alban Ziegler
- Department of Genetics, University of Angers, Angers, France
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17
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Agboigba E, Kuchaev E, Garaeva N, Klochkova E, Varfolomeev A, Usachev K, Yusupov M, Validov S. ORF19.2286 Gene: Isolation and Purification of Deoxyhypusine Hydroxylase from the Human Pathogenic Yeast Candida albicans. Mol Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893322020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Kaiser A, Agostinelli E. Hypusinated EIF5A as a feasible drug target for Advanced Medicinal Therapies in the treatment of pathogenic parasites and therapy-resistant tumors. Amino Acids 2022; 54:501-511. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03120-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Translational and post-translational regulation of polyamine metabolic enzymes in plants. J Biotechnol 2021; 344:1-10. [PMID: 34915092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Polyamines are small organic and basic polycations that perform essential regulatory functions in all living organisms. Fluctuations in polyamine content have been observed to occur during growth, development and under stress conditions, implying that polyamines play pivotal roles in diverse cellular and physiological processes. To achieve polyamine homeostasis, the entire metabolic pathway is subjected to a fine-tuned regulation of its biosynthetic and catabolic genes and enzymes. In this review, we describe and discuss the most important mechanisms implicated in the translational and post-translational regulation of polyamine metabolic enzymes in plants. At the translational level, we emphasize the role of polyamines in the modulation of upstream open reading frame (uORF) activities that control the translation of polyamine biosynthetic and catabolic mRNAs. At the post-translational level, different aspects of the regulation of polyamine metabolic proteins are depicted, such as the proteolytic activation of enzyme precursors, the importance of dimerization in protein stability as well as in protein intracellular localization.
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20
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Becker AE, Wu PK, Park JI. eIF5A-Independent Role of DHPS in p21 CIP1 and Cell Fate Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13187. [PMID: 34947982 PMCID: PMC8707118 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxyhypusine synthase (DHPS) catalyzes the first step of hypusination of the elongation translation factor 5A (eIF5A), and these two proteins have an exclusive enzyme-substrate relationship. Here we demonstrate that DHPS has a role independent of eIF5A hypusination in A375 and SK-MEL-28 human melanoma cells, in which the extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathway is deregulated. We found that RNA interference of DHPS induces G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in association with increased p21CIP1 expression in these cells whereas eIF5A knockdown induces cell death without increasing p21CIP1 expression. Interestingly, p21CIP1 knockdown switched DHPS knockdown-induced growth arrest to cell death in these cells, suggesting a specific relation between DHPS and p21CIP1 in determining cell fate. Surprisingly, ectopic expression of DHPS-K329R mutant that cannot hypusinate eIF5A abrogated DHPS knockdown-induced p21CIP1 expression in these cells, suggesting a non-canonical role of DHPS underlying the contrasting effects of DHPS and eIF5A knockdowns. We also show that DHPS knockdown induces p21CIP1 expression in these cells by increasing CDKN1A transcription through TP53 and SP1 in an ERK1/2-dependent manner. These data suggest that DHPS has a role independent of its ability to hypusinate eIF5A in cells, which appears to be important for regulating p21CIP1 expression and cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jong-In Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (A.E.B.); (P.-K.W.)
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21
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Kar RK, Hanner AS, Starost MF, Springer D, Mastracci TL, Mirmira RG, Park MH. Neuron-specific ablation of eIF5A or deoxyhypusine synthase leads to impairments in growth, viability, neurodevelopment, and cognitive functions in mice. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101333. [PMID: 34688659 PMCID: PMC8605248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A)†,‡ is an essential protein that requires a unique amino acid, hypusine, for its activity. Hypusine is formed exclusively in eIF5A post-translationally via two enzymes, deoxyhypusine synthase (DHPS) and deoxyhypusine hydroxylase. Each of the genes encoding these proteins, Eif5a, Dhps, and Dohh, is required for mouse embryonic development. Variants in EIF5A or DHPS were recently identified as the genetic basis underlying certain rare neurodevelopmental disorders in humans. To investigate the roles of eIF5A and DHPS in brain development, we generated four conditional KO mouse strains using the Emx1-Cre or Camk2a-Cre strains and examined the effects of temporal- and region-specific deletion of Eif5a or Dhps. The conditional deletion of Dhps or Eif5a by Emx1 promotor-driven Cre expression (E9.5, in the cortex and hippocampus) led to gross defects in forebrain development, reduced growth, and premature death. On the other hand, the conditional deletion of Dhps or Eif5a by Camk2a promoter-driven Cre expression (postnatal, mainly in the CA1 region of the hippocampus) did not lead to global developmental defects; rather, these KO animals exhibited severe impairment in spatial learning, contextual learning, and memory when subjected to the Morris water maze and a contextual learning test. In both models, the Dhps-KO mice displayed more severe impairment than their Eif5a-KO counterparts. The observed defects in the brain, global development, or cognitive functions most likely result from translation errors due to a deficiency in active, hypusinated eIF5A. Our study underscores the important roles of eIF5A and DHPS in neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar Kar
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ashleigh S Hanner
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew F Starost
- Division of Veterinary Resources, Diagnostic and Research Services Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Danielle Springer
- NHLBI Murine Phenotyping Core, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Teresa L Mastracci
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University-Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Myung Hee Park
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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McNamara KM, Gobert AP, Wilson KT. The role of polyamines in gastric cancer. Oncogene 2021; 40:4399-4412. [PMID: 34108618 PMCID: PMC8262120 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01862-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Advancements in our understanding of polyamine molecular and cellular functions have led to increased interest in targeting polyamine metabolism for anticancer therapeutic benefits. The polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine are polycationic alkylamines commonly found in all living cells and are essential for cellular growth and survival. This review summarizes the existing research on polyamine metabolism and function, specifically the role of polyamines in gastric immune cell and epithelial cell function. Polyamines have been implicated in a multitude of cancers, but in this review, we focus on the role of polyamine dysregulation in the context of Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis and subsequent progression to gastric cancer. Due to the emerging implication of polyamines in cancer development, there is an increasing number of promising clinical trials using agents to target the polyamine metabolic pathway for potential chemoprevention and anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara M. McNamara
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alain P. Gobert
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Keith T. Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
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23
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Iron in Translation: From the Beginning to the End. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9051058. [PMID: 34068342 PMCID: PMC8153317 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9051058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential element for all eukaryotes, since it acts as a cofactor for many enzymes involved in basic cellular functions, including translation. While the mammalian iron-regulatory protein/iron-responsive element (IRP/IRE) system arose as one of the first examples of translational regulation in higher eukaryotes, little is known about the contribution of iron itself to the different stages of eukaryotic translation. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, iron deficiency provokes a global impairment of translation at the initiation step, which is mediated by the Gcn2-eIF2α pathway, while the post-transcriptional regulator Cth2 specifically represses the translation of a subgroup of iron-related transcripts. In addition, several steps of the translation process depend on iron-containing enzymes, including particular modifications of translation elongation factors and transfer RNAs (tRNAs), and translation termination by the ATP-binding cassette family member Rli1 (ABCE1 in humans) and the prolyl hydroxylase Tpa1. The influence of these modifications and their correlation with codon bias in the dynamic control of protein biosynthesis, mainly in response to stress, is emerging as an interesting focus of research. Taking S. cerevisiae as a model, we hereby discuss the relevance of iron in the control of global and specific translation steps.
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Cheng Y, Zhu H, Du Z, Guo X, Zhou C, Wang Z, He X. Eukaryotic translation factor eIF5A contributes to acetic acid tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae via transcriptional factor Ume6p. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:38. [PMID: 33557922 PMCID: PMC7869214 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-01885-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saccharomyces cerevisiae is well-known as an ideal model system for basic research and important industrial microorganism for biotechnological applications. Acetic acid is an important growth inhibitor that has deleterious effects on both the growth and fermentation performance of yeast cells. Comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying S. cerevisiae adaptive response to acetic acid is always a focus and indispensable for development of robust industrial strains. eIF5A is a specific translation factor that is especially required for the formation of peptide bond between certain residues including proline regarded as poor substrates for slow peptide bond formation. Decrease of eIF5A activity resulted in temperature-sensitive phenotype of yeast, while up-regulation of eIF5A protected transgenic Arabidopsis against high temperature, oxidative or osmotic stress. However, the exact roles and functional mechanisms of eIF5A in stress response are as yet largely unknown. RESULTS In this research, we compared cell growth between the eIF5A overexpressing and the control S. cerevisiae strains under various stressed conditions. Improvement of acetic acid tolerance by enhanced eIF5A activity was observed all in spot assay, growth profiles and survival assay. eIF5A prompts the synthesis of Ume6p, a pleiotropic transcriptional factor containing polyproline motifs, mainly in a translational related way. As a consequence, BEM4, BUD21 and IME4, the direct targets of Ume6p, were up-regulated in eIF5A overexpressing strain, especially under acetic acid stress. Overexpression of UME6 results in similar profiles of cell growth and target genes transcription to eIF5A overexpression, confirming the role of Ume6p and its association between eIF5A and acetic acid tolerance. CONCLUSION Translation factor eIF5A protects yeast cells against acetic acid challenge by the eIF5A-Ume6p-Bud21p/Ime4p/Bem4p axles, which provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the adaptive response and tolerance to acetic acid in S. cerevisiae and novel targets for construction of robust industrial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhengda Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xuena Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chenyao Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhaoyue Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiuping He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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McBride MJ, Pope SR, Hu K, Okafor CD, Balskus EP, Bollinger JM, Boal AK. Structure and assembly of the diiron cofactor in the heme-oxygenase-like domain of the N-nitrosourea-producing enzyme SznF. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2015931118. [PMID: 33468680 PMCID: PMC7848743 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2015931118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In biosynthesis of the pancreatic cancer drug streptozotocin, the tridomain nonheme-iron oxygenase SznF hydroxylates Nδ and Nω' of Nω-methyl-l-arginine before oxidatively rearranging the triply modified guanidine to the N-methyl-N-nitrosourea pharmacophore. A previously published structure visualized the monoiron cofactor in the enzyme's C-terminal cupin domain, which promotes the final rearrangement, but exhibited disorder and minimal metal occupancy in the site of the proposed diiron cofactor in the N-hydroxylating heme-oxygenase-like (HO-like) central domain. We leveraged our recent observation that the N-oxygenating µ-peroxodiiron(III/III) intermediate can form in the HO-like domain after the apo protein self-assembles its diiron(II/II) cofactor to solve structures of SznF with both of its iron cofactors bound. These structures of a biochemically validated member of the emerging heme-oxygenase-like diiron oxidase and oxygenase (HDO) superfamily with intact diiron cofactor reveal both the large-scale conformational change required to assemble the O2-reactive Fe2(II/II) complex and the structural basis for cofactor instability-a trait shared by the other validated HDOs. During cofactor (dis)assembly, a ligand-harboring core helix dynamically (un)folds. The diiron cofactor also coordinates an unanticipated Glu ligand contributed by an auxiliary helix implicated in substrate binding by docking and molecular dynamics simulations. The additional carboxylate ligand is conserved in another N-oxygenating HDO but not in two HDOs that cleave carbon-hydrogen and carbon-carbon bonds to install olefins. Among ∼9,600 sequences identified bioinformatically as members of the emerging HDO superfamily, ∼25% conserve this additional carboxylate residue and are thus tentatively assigned as N-oxygenases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly J McBride
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Sarah R Pope
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Kai Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - C Denise Okafor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802;
| | - Emily P Balskus
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - J Martin Bollinger
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Amie K Boal
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
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Barba-Aliaga M, Villarroel-Vicente C, Stanciu A, Corman A, Martínez-Pastor MT, Alepuz P. Yeast Translation Elongation Factor eIF5A Expression Is Regulated by Nutrient Availability through Different Signalling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E219. [PMID: 33379337 PMCID: PMC7794953 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Translation elongation factor eIF5A binds to ribosomes to promote peptide bonds between problematic amino acids for the reaction like prolines. eIF5A is highly conserved and essential in eukaryotes, which usually contain two similar but differentially expressed paralogue genes. The human eIF5A-1 isoform is abundant and implicated in some cancer types; the eIF5A-2 isoform is absent in most cells but becomes overexpressed in many metastatic cancers. Several reports have connected eIF5A and mitochondria because it co-purifies with the organelle or its inhibition reduces respiration and mitochondrial enzyme levels. However, the mechanisms of eIF5A mitochondrial function, and whether eIF5A expression is regulated by the mitochondrial metabolism, are unknown. We analysed the expression of yeast eIF5A isoforms Tif51A and Tif51B under several metabolic conditions and in mutants. The depletion of Tif51A, but not Tif51B, compromised yeast growth under respiration and reduced oxygen consumption. Tif51A expression followed dual positive regulation: by high glucose through TORC1 signalling, like other translation factors, to promote growth and by low glucose or non-fermentative carbon sources through Snf1 and heme-dependent transcription factor Hap1 to promote respiration. Upon iron depletion, Tif51A was down-regulated and Tif51B up-regulated. Both were Hap1-dependent. Our results demonstrate eIF5A expression regulation by cellular metabolic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Barba-Aliaga
- Instituto Biotecmed, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universitat de València, C/Dr. Moliner 50, E46100 Burjassot, Spain; (M.B.-A.); (C.V.-V.); (A.S.); (A.C.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universitat de València, C/Dr. Moliner 50, E46100 Burjassot, Spain;
| | - Carlos Villarroel-Vicente
- Instituto Biotecmed, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universitat de València, C/Dr. Moliner 50, E46100 Burjassot, Spain; (M.B.-A.); (C.V.-V.); (A.S.); (A.C.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universitat de València, C/Dr. Moliner 50, E46100 Burjassot, Spain;
| | - Alice Stanciu
- Instituto Biotecmed, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universitat de València, C/Dr. Moliner 50, E46100 Burjassot, Spain; (M.B.-A.); (C.V.-V.); (A.S.); (A.C.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universitat de València, C/Dr. Moliner 50, E46100 Burjassot, Spain;
| | - Alba Corman
- Instituto Biotecmed, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universitat de València, C/Dr. Moliner 50, E46100 Burjassot, Spain; (M.B.-A.); (C.V.-V.); (A.S.); (A.C.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universitat de València, C/Dr. Moliner 50, E46100 Burjassot, Spain;
| | - María Teresa Martínez-Pastor
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universitat de València, C/Dr. Moliner 50, E46100 Burjassot, Spain;
| | - Paula Alepuz
- Instituto Biotecmed, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universitat de València, C/Dr. Moliner 50, E46100 Burjassot, Spain; (M.B.-A.); (C.V.-V.); (A.S.); (A.C.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universitat de València, C/Dr. Moliner 50, E46100 Burjassot, Spain;
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27
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Gobert AP, Finley JL, Latour YL, Asim M, Smith TM, Verriere TG, Barry DP, Allaman MM, Delagado AG, Rose KL, Calcutt MW, Schey KL, Sierra JC, Piazuelo MB, Mirmira RG, Wilson KT. Hypusination Orchestrates the Antimicrobial Response of Macrophages. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108510. [PMID: 33326776 PMCID: PMC7812972 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate responses of myeloid cells defend against pathogenic bacteria via inducible effectors. Deoxyhypusine synthase (DHPS) catalyzes the transfer of the N-moiety of spermidine to the lysine-50 residue of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (EIF5A) to form the amino acid hypusine. Hypusinated EIF5A (EIF5AHyp) transports specific mRNAs to ribosomes for translation. We show that DHPS is induced in macrophages by two gastrointestinal pathogens, Helicobacter pylori and Citrobacter rodentium, resulting in enhanced hypusination of EIF5A. EIF5AHyp was also increased in gastric macrophages from patients with H. pylori gastritis. Furthermore, we identify the bacteria-induced immune effectors regulated by hypusination. This set of proteins includes essential constituents of antimicrobial response and autophagy. Mice with myeloid cell-specific deletion of Dhps exhibit reduced EIF5AHyp in macrophages and increased bacterial burden and inflammation. Thus, regulation of translation through hypusination is a critical hallmark of the defense of eukaryotic hosts against pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain P Gobert
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Jordan L Finley
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Yvonne L Latour
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mohammad Asim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Thaddeus M Smith
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Thomas G Verriere
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Daniel P Barry
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Margaret M Allaman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Alberto G Delagado
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kristie L Rose
- Department of Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - M Wade Calcutt
- Department of Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kevin L Schey
- Department of Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Johanna C Sierra
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - M Blanca Piazuelo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Translational Research Center, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Keith T Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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28
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Identification of Uncharacterized Components of Prokaryotic Immune Systems and Their Diverse Eukaryotic Reformulations. J Bacteriol 2020; 202:JB.00365-20. [PMID: 32868406 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00365-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide-activated effector deployment, prototyped by interferon-dependent immunity, is a common mechanistic theme shared by immune systems of several animals and prokaryotes. Prokaryotic versions include CRISPR-Cas with the CRISPR polymerase domain, their minimal variants, and systems with second messenger oligonucleotide or dinucleotide synthetase (SMODS). Cyclic or linear oligonucleotide signals in these systems help set a threshold for the activation of potentially deleterious downstream effectors in response to invader detection. We establish such a regulatory mechanism to be a more general principle of immune systems, which can also operate independently of such messengers. Using sensitive sequence analysis and comparative genomics, we identify 12 new prokaryotic immune systems, which we unify by this principle of threshold-dependent effector activation. These display regulatory mechanisms paralleling physiological signaling based on 3'-5' cyclic mononucleotides, NAD+-derived messengers, two- and one-component signaling that includes histidine kinase-based signaling, and proteolytic activation. Furthermore, these systems allowed the identification of multiple new sensory signal sensory components, such as a tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) scaffold predicted to recognize NAD+-derived signals, unreported versions of the STING domain, prokaryotic YEATS domains, and a predicted nucleotide sensor related to receiver domains. We also identify previously unrecognized invader detection components and effector components, such as prokaryotic versions of the Wnt domain. Finally, we show that there have been multiple acquisitions of unidentified STING domains in eukaryotes, while the TPR scaffold was incorporated into the animal immunity/apoptosis signal-regulating kinase (ASK) signalosome.IMPORTANCE Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic immune systems face the dangers of premature activation of effectors and degradation of self-molecules in the absence of an invader. To mitigate this, they have evolved threshold-setting regulatory mechanisms for the triggering of effectors only upon the detection of a sufficiently strong invader signal. This work defines general templates for such regulation in effector-based immune systems. Using this, we identify several previously uncharacterized prokaryotic immune mechanisms that accomplish the regulation of downstream effector deployment by using nucleotide, NAD+-derived, two-component, and one-component signals paralleling physiological homeostasis. This study has also helped identify several previously unknown sensor and effector modules in these systems. Our findings also augment the growing evidence for the emergence of key animal immunity and chromatin regulatory components from prokaryotic progenitors.
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Ning L, Wang L, Zhang H, Jiao X, Chen D. Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A in the pathogenesis of cancers. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:81. [PMID: 32863914 PMCID: PMC7436936 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide. The absence of obvious symptoms and insufficiently sensitive biomarkers in early stages of carcinoma limits early diagnosis. Cancer therapy agents and targeted therapy have been used extensively against tissues or organs of specific cancers. However, the intrinsic and/or acquired resistance to the agents or targeted drugs as well as the serious toxic side effects of the drugs would limit their use. Therefore, identifying biomarkers involved in tumorigenesis and progression represents a challenge for cancer diagnosis and therapeutic strategy development. The eukaryotic translation factor 5A (eIF5A), originally identified as an initiation factor, was later shown to promote translation elongation of iterated proline sequences. There are two eIF5A isoforms (eIF5A1 and eIF5A2). eIF5A2 protein consists of 153 residues, and shares 84% amino acid identity with eIF5A1. However, the biological functions of these two isoforms may be significantly different. Recently, it was demonstrated that eIF5Ais widely involved in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases, including cancers. In particular, eIF5A plays an important role in regulating tumor growth, invasion, metastasis and tumor microenvironment. It was also shown to serve as a potential biomarker and target for the diagnosis and treatment of cancers. The present review briefly discusses the latest findings of eIF5A in the pathogenesis of certain malignant cancers and evolving clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ning
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Honglai Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Xuelong Jiao
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
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31
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Liu J, Chang X, Ding B, Zhong S, Peng L, Wei Q, Meng J, Yu Y. PhDHS Is Involved in Chloroplast Development in Petunia. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:284. [PMID: 30930919 PMCID: PMC6424912 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Deoxyhypusine synthase (DHS) is encoded by a nuclear gene and is the key enzyme involved in the post-translational activation of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF5A. DHS plays important roles in plant growth and development. To gain a better understanding of DHS, the petunia (Petunia hybrida) PhDHS gene was isolated, and the role of PhDHS in plant growth was analyzed. PhDHS protein was localized to the nucleus and cytoplasm. Virus-mediated PhDHS silencing caused a sectored chlorotic leaf phenotype. Chlorophyll levels and photosystem II activity were reduced, and chloroplast development was abnormal in PhDHS-silenced leaves. In addition, PhDHS silencing resulted in extended leaf longevity and thick leaves. A proteome assay revealed that 308 proteins are upregulated and 266 proteins are downregulated in PhDHS-silenced plants compared with control, among the latter, 21 proteins of photosystem I and photosystem II and 12 thylakoid (thylakoid lumen and thylakoid membrane) proteins. In addition, the mRNA level of PheIF5A-1 significantly decreased in PhDHS-silenced plants, while that of another three PheIF5As were not significantly affected in PhDHS-silenced plants. Thus, silencing of PhDHS affects photosynthesis presumably as an indirect effect due to reduced expression of PheIF5A-1 in petunia. Significance: PhDHS-silenced plants develop yellow leaves and exhibit a reduced level of photosynthetic pigment in mesophyll cells. In addition, arrested development of chloroplasts is observed in the yellow leaves.
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Park MH, Wolff EC. Hypusine, a polyamine-derived amino acid critical for eukaryotic translation. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:18710-18718. [PMID: 30257869 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.tm118.003341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The natural amino acid hypusine (N ϵ-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl(lysine)) is derived from the polyamine spermidine, and occurs only in a single family of cellular proteins, eukaryotic translation factor 5A (eIF5A) isoforms. Hypusine is formed by conjugation of the aminobutyl moiety of spermidine to a specific lysine residue of this protein. The posttranslational synthesis of hypusine involves two enzymatic steps, catalyzed by deoxyhypusine synthase (DHPS) and deoxyhypusine hydroxylase (DOHH). Hypusine is essential for eIF5A activity. Inactivation of either the eIF5A or the DHPS gene is lethal in yeast and mouse, underscoring the vital role of eIF5A hypusination in eukaryotic cell growth and animal development. The long and basic side chain of the hypusine residue promotes eIF5A-mediated translation elongation by facilitating peptide bond formation at polyproline stretches and at many other ribosome-pausing sites. It also enhances translation termination by stimulating peptide release. By promoting translation, the hypusine modification of eIF5A provides a key link between polyamines and cell growth regulation. eIF5A has been implicated in several human pathological conditions. Recent genetic data suggest that eIF5A haploinsufficiency or impaired deoxyhypusine synthase activity is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Hee Park
- From the NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Edith C Wolff
- From the NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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Abstract
Most of the phylogenetic diversity of life is found in bacteria and archaea, and is reflected in the diverse metabolism and functions of bacterial and archaeal polyamines. The polyamine spermidine was probably present in the last universal common ancestor, and polyamines are known to be necessary for critical physiological functions in bacteria, such as growth, biofilm formation, and other surface behaviors, and production of natural products, such as siderophores. There is also phylogenetic diversity of function, indicated by the role of polyamines in planktonic growth of different species, ranging from absolutely essential to entirely dispensable. However, the cellular molecular mechanisms responsible for polyamine function in bacterial growth are almost entirely unknown. In contrast, the molecular mechanisms of essential polyamine functions in archaea are better understood: covalent modification by polyamines of translation factor aIF5A and the agmatine modification of tRNAIle As with bacterial hyperthermophiles, archaeal thermophiles require long-chain and branched polyamines for growth at high temperatures. For bacterial species in which polyamines are essential for growth, it is still unknown whether the molecular mechanisms underpinning polyamine function involve covalent or noncovalent interactions. Understanding the cellular molecular mechanisms of polyamine function in bacterial growth and physiology remains one of the great challenges for future polyamine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Michael
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
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Qin X, Liang Y, Guo Y, Liu X, Zeng W, Wu F, Lin Y, Zhang Y. Eukaryotic initiation factor 5A and Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 1D modulate trophoblast cell function. Am J Reprod Immunol 2018; 80:e12845. [PMID: 29533498 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Trophoblast cells regulate embryo implantation and placental development. Eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) is an initiator of translation involved in cellular processes, such as migration, proliferation, and apoptosis. However, the function of eIF5A in trophoblast cells is unknown. METHOD OF STUDY We inhibited eIF5A and Ca2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 1D (CAMK1D) expression in HTR8 cells using RNA interference. The effects of eIF5A and CAMK1D on HTR8 cells were investigated using real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, flow cytometry, cell transfection assays, cell migration assays, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling. RESULTS eIF5A inhibition decreased CAMK1D expression, proliferation, migration, and invasion, but upregulated apoptosis, in HTR8 cells. CONCLUSION Cross-talk between eIF5A and CAMK1D enhances proliferation, migration, and invasion, but inhibits apoptosis, in trophoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Qin
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Liang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuna Guo
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaorui Liu
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihong Zeng
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Wu
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Lin
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Park MH, Mandal A, Mandal S, Wolff EC. A new non-radioactive deoxyhypusine synthase assay adaptable to high throughput screening. Amino Acids 2017; 49:1793-1804. [PMID: 28819816 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2477-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Deoxyhypusine synthase (DHS) catalyzes the post-translational modification of eukaryotic translation factor 5A (eIF5A) by the polyamine, spermidine, that converts one specific lysine residue to deoxyhypusine [N ε -4-aminobutyl(lysine)], which is subsequently hydroxylated to hypusine [N ε -4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl(lysine)]. Hypusine synthesis represents the most critical function of polyamine. As eIF5A has been implicated in various human diseases, identification of specific inhibitors of hypusine modification is of vital importance. DHS catalyzes a complex reaction that occurs in two stages, first, the NAD-dependent cleavage of spermidine to form an enzyme-butylimine intermediate and enzyme-bound NADH, and second, the transfer of the butylimine moiety from the enzyme intermediate to the eIF5A precursor and subsequent reduction of the eIF5A-butylimine intermediate by enzyme-bound NADH to form deoxyhypusine [N ε -4-aminobutyl(lysine)]. Our data demonstrate that there is a measurable release of enzyme-bound NADH in the absence of eIF5A precursor and that the DHS activity can be determined by coupling the first phase reaction with the NADH-Glo assay in which the generation of luminescence is dependent on NADH derived from the DHS partial reaction. The conventional DHS assay that measures the incorporation of radioactivity from [1,8-3H]spermidine into the eIF5A precursor in the complete reaction cannot be readily adapted for high throughput screening (HTS). In contrast, the non-radioactive DHS/NADH-Glo coupled assay is highly specific, sensitive and reproducible and could be configured for HTS of small molecule libraries for the identification of new inhibitors of DHS. Furthermore, the coupled assay provides new insights into the dynamics of the DHS reaction especially regarding the fate of NADH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Hee Park
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892-4340, USA.
| | - Ajeet Mandal
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892-4340, USA
| | - Swati Mandal
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892-4340, USA
| | - Edith C Wolff
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892-4340, USA
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Mechanism and Regulation of Protein Synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 2017; 203:65-107. [PMID: 27183566 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.115.186221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we provide an overview of protein synthesis in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae The mechanism of protein synthesis is well conserved between yeast and other eukaryotes, and molecular genetic studies in budding yeast have provided critical insights into the fundamental process of translation as well as its regulation. The review focuses on the initiation and elongation phases of protein synthesis with descriptions of the roles of translation initiation and elongation factors that assist the ribosome in binding the messenger RNA (mRNA), selecting the start codon, and synthesizing the polypeptide. We also examine mechanisms of translational control highlighting the mRNA cap-binding proteins and the regulation of GCN4 and CPA1 mRNAs.
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Lafarge T, Bueno C, Frouin J, Jacquin L, Courtois B, Ahmadi N. Genome-wide association analysis for heat tolerance at flowering detected a large set of genes involved in adaptation to thermal and other stresses. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171254. [PMID: 28152098 PMCID: PMC5289576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fertilization sensitivity to heat in rice is a major issue within climate change scenarios in the tropics. A panel of 167 indica landraces and improved varieties was phenotyped for spikelet sterility (SPKST) under 38°C during anthesis and for several secondary traits potentially affecting panicle micro-climate and thus the fertilization process. The panel was genotyped with an average density of one marker per 29 kb using genotyping by sequencing. Genome-wide association analyses (GWAS) were conducted using three methods based on single marker regression, haplotype regression and simultaneous fitting of all markers, respectively. Fourteen loci significantly associated with SPKST under at least two GWAS methods were detected. A large number of associations was also detected for the secondary traits. Analysis of co-localization of SPKST associated loci with QTLs detected in progenies of bi-parental crosses reported in the literature allowed to narrow -down the position of eight of those QTLs, including the most documented one, qHTSF4.1. Gene families underlying loci associated with SPKST corresponded to functions ranging from sensing abiotic stresses and regulating plant response, such as wall-associated kinases and heat shock proteins, to cell division and gametophyte development. Analysis of diversity at the vicinity of loci associated with SPKST within the rice three thousand genomes, revealed widespread distribution of the favourable alleles across O. sativa genetic groups. However, few accessions assembled the favourable alleles at all loci. Effective donors included the heat tolerant variety N22 and some Indian and Taiwanese varieties. These results provide a basis for breeding for heat tolerance during anthesis and for functional validation of major loci governing this trait.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Crisanta Bueno
- International Rice Research Institute, Los-Banos, Philippines
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Lyu Z, Whitman WB. Evolution of the archaeal and mammalian information processing systems: towards an archaeal model for human disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:183-212. [PMID: 27261368 PMCID: PMC11107668 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2286-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Current evolutionary models suggest that Eukaryotes originated from within Archaea instead of being a sister lineage. To test this model of ancient evolution, we review recent studies and compare the three major information processing subsystems of replication, transcription and translation in the Archaea and Eukaryotes. Our hypothesis is that if the Eukaryotes arose within the archaeal radiation, their information processing systems will appear to be one of kind and not wholly original. Within the Eukaryotes, the mammalian or human systems are emphasized because of their importance in understanding health. Biochemical as well as genetic studies provide strong evidence for the functional similarity of archaeal homologs to the mammalian information processing system and their dissimilarity to the bacterial systems. In many independent instances, a simple archaeal system is functionally equivalent to more elaborate eukaryotic homologs, suggesting that evolution of complexity is likely an central feature of the eukaryotic information processing system. Because fewer components are often involved, biochemical characterizations of the archaeal systems are often easier to interpret. Similarly, the archaeal cell provides a genetically and metabolically simpler background, enabling convenient studies on the complex information processing system. Therefore, Archaea could serve as a parsimonious and tractable host for studying human diseases that arise in the information processing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Lyu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - William B Whitman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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Pereira KD, Tamborlin L, Meneguello L, de Proença ARG, Almeida ICDPA, Lourenço RF, Luchessi AD. Alternative Start Codon Connects eIF5A to Mitochondria. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:2682-9. [PMID: 27414022 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A), a protein containing the amino acid residue hypusine required for its activity, is involved in a number of physiological and pathological cellular processes. In humans, several EIF5A1 transcript variants encode the canonical eIF5A1 isoform B, whereas the hitherto uncharacterized variant A is expected to code for a hypothetical eIF5A1 isoform, referred to as isoform A, which has an additional N-terminal extension. Herein, we validate the existence of eIF5A1 isoform A and its production from transcript variant A. In fact, variant A was shown to encode both eIF5A1 isoforms A and B. Mutagenic assays revealed different efficiencies in the start codons present in variant A, contributing to the production of isoform B at higher levels than isoform A. Immunoblotting and mass spectrometric analyses showed that isoform A can undergo hypusination and acetylation at specific lysine residues, as observed for isoform B. Examination of the N-terminal extension suggested that it might confer mitochondrial targeting. Correspondingly, we found that isoform A, but not isoform B, co-purified with mitochondria when the proteins were overproduced. These findings suggest that eIF5A1 isoform A has a role in mitochondrial function. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 2682-2689, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Danielle Pereira
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia Tamborlin
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia Meneguello
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rogério Ferreira Lourenço
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Augusto Ducati Luchessi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
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Khomutov MA, Simonian AR, Weisell J, Vepsalainen J, Kochetkov SN, Khomutov AR. Novel hydroxylamine-containing analogues of 1-guanidino-7-aminoheptane (GC7), an effective inhibitor of deoxyhypusine synthase. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162016040099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kersting D, Krüger M, Sattler JM, Mueller AK, Kaiser A. A suggested vital function for eIF-5A and dhs genes during murine malaria blood-stage infection. FEBS Open Bio 2016; 6:860-72. [PMID: 27516964 PMCID: PMC4971841 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological function of the post-translational modification hypusine in the eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (EIF-5A) in eukaryotes is still not understood. Hypusine is formed by two sequential enzymatic steps at a specific lysine residue in the precursor protein EIF-5A. One important biological function of EIF-5A which was recently identified is the translation of polyproline-rich mRNA, suggesting its biological relevance in a variety of biological processes. Hypusinated eIF-5A controls the proliferation of cancer cells and inflammatory processes in malaria. It was shown that pharmacological inhibition of the enzymes involved in this pathway, deoxyhypusine synthase (DHS) and the deoxyhypusine hydroxylase (DOHH), arrested the growth of malaria parasites. Down-regulation of both the malarial eIF-5A and dhs genes by in vitro and in vivo silencing led to decreased transcript levels and protein expression and, in turn, to low parasitemia, confirming a critical role of hypusination in eIF-5A for proliferation in Plasmodium. To further investigate whether eIF-5A and the activating enzyme DHS are essential for Plasmodium erythrocytic stages, targeted gene disruption was performed in the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei. Full disruption of both genes was not successful; instead parasites harboring the episome for eIF-5A and dhs genes were obtained, suggesting that these genes may perform vital functions during the pathogenic blood cell stage. Next, a knock-in strategy was pursued for both endogenous genes eIF-5A and dhs from P. berghei. The latter resulted in viable recombinant parasites, strengthening the observation that they might be essential for proliferation during asexual development of the malaria parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kersting
- Institute for Pharmacogenetics Medical Research Centre University Duisburg-Essen Germany
| | - Mirko Krüger
- Institute for Pharmacogenetics Medical Research Centre University Duisburg-Essen Germany
| | - Julia M Sattler
- Parasitology Unit Centre for Infectious Diseases University Hospital Heidelberg Germany; Centre for Infectious Diseases, Integrative Parasitology University Hospital Heidelberg Germany
| | - Ann-Kristin Mueller
- Parasitology Unit Centre for Infectious Diseases University Hospital Heidelberg Germany; German Center for Infectious Diseases Heidelberg Germany
| | - Annette Kaiser
- Institute for Pharmacogenetics Medical Research Centre University Duisburg-Essen Germany
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Aksu M, Trakhanov S, Görlich D. Structure of the exportin Xpo4 in complex with RanGTP and the hypusine-containing translation factor eIF5A. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11952. [PMID: 27306458 PMCID: PMC4912631 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Xpo4 is a bidirectional nuclear transport receptor that mediates nuclear export of eIF5A and Smad3 as well as import of Sox2 and SRY. How Xpo4 recognizes such a variety of cargoes is as yet unknown. Here we present the crystal structure of the RanGTP·Xpo4·eIF5A export complex at 3.2 Å resolution. Xpo4 has a similar structure as CRM1, but the NES-binding site is occluded, and a new interaction site evolved that recognizes both globular domains of eIF5A. eIF5A contains hypusine, a unique amino acid with two positive charges, which is essential for cell viability and eIF5A function in translation. The hypusine docks into a deep, acidic pocket of Xpo4 and is thus a critical element of eIF5A's complex export signature. This further suggests that Xpo4 recognizes other cargoes differently, and illustrates how Xpo4 suppresses - in a chaperone-like manner - undesired interactions of eIF5A inside nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metin Aksu
- Department of Cellular Logistics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sergei Trakhanov
- Department of Cellular Logistics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Görlich
- Department of Cellular Logistics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Jastrząb R, Łomozik L, Tylkowski B. Complexes of biogenic amines in their role in living systems. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2016-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Saxena D, Spino M, Tricta F, Connelly J, Cracchiolo BM, Hanauske AR, D’Alliessi Gandolfi D, Mathews MB, Karn J, Holland B, Park MH, Pe’ery T, Palumbo PE, Hanauske-Abel HM. Drug-Based Lead Discovery: The Novel Ablative Antiretroviral Profile of Deferiprone in HIV-1-Infected Cells and in HIV-Infected Treatment-Naive Subjects of a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Exploratory Trial. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154842. [PMID: 27191165 PMCID: PMC4871512 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Antiretrovirals suppress HIV-1 production yet spare the sites of HIV-1 production, the HIV-1 DNA-harboring cells that evade immune detection and enable viral resistance on-drug and viral rebound off-drug. Therapeutic ablation of pathogenic cells markedly improves the outcome of many diseases. We extend this strategy to HIV-1 infection. Using drug-based lead discovery, we report the concentration threshold-dependent antiretroviral action of the medicinal chelator deferiprone and validate preclinical findings by a proof-of-concept double-blind trial. In isolate-infected primary cultures, supra-threshold concentrations during deferiprone monotherapy caused decline of HIV-1 RNA and HIV-1 DNA; did not allow viral breakthrough for up to 35 days on-drug, indicating resiliency against viral resistance; and prevented, for at least 87 days off-drug, viral rebound. Displaying a steep dose-effect curve, deferiprone produced infection-independent deficiency of hydroxylated hypusyl-eIF5A. However, unhydroxylated deoxyhypusyl-eIF5A accumulated particularly in HIV-infected cells; they preferentially underwent apoptotic DNA fragmentation. Since the threshold, ascertained at about 150 μM, is achievable in deferiprone-treated patients, we proceeded from cell culture directly to an exploratory trial. HIV-1 RNA was measured after 7 days on-drug and after 28 and 56 days off-drug. Subjects who attained supra-threshold concentrations in serum and completed the protocol of 17 oral doses, experienced a zidovudine-like decline of HIV-1 RNA on-drug that was maintained off-drug without statistically significant rebound for 8 weeks, over 670 times the drug's half-life and thus clearance from circulation. The uniform deferiprone threshold is in agreement with mapping of, and crystallographic 3D-data on, the active site of deoxyhypusyl hydroxylase (DOHH), the eIF5A-hydroxylating enzyme. We propose that deficiency of hypusine-containing eIF5A impedes the translation of mRNAs encoding proline cluster ('polyproline')-containing proteins, exemplified by Gag/p24, and facilitated by the excess of deoxyhypusine-containing eIF5A, releases the innate apoptotic defense of HIV-infected cells from viral blockade, thus depleting the cellular reservoir of HIV-1 DNA that drives breakthrough and rebound. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrial.gov NCT02191657.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Saxena
- Department of Pediatrics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Michael Spino
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- ApoPharma Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Bernadette M. Cracchiolo
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Axel-Rainer Hanauske
- Oncology Center and Medical Clinic III, Asklepios Klinik St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Michael B. Mathews
- Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Karn
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Bart Holland
- Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Myung Hee Park
- Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tsafi Pe’ery
- Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Paul E. Palumbo
- Department of Pediatrics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PEP); (HMHA)
| | - Hartmut M. Hanauske-Abel
- Department of Pediatrics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PEP); (HMHA)
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Katz MJ, Gándara L, De Lella Ezcurra AL, Wappner P. Hydroxylation and translational adaptation to stress: some answers lie beyond the STOP codon. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1881-93. [PMID: 26874685 PMCID: PMC11108485 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2160-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of protein synthesis contributes to maintenance of homeostasis and adaptation to environmental changes. mRNA translation is controlled at various levels including initiation, elongation and termination, through post-transcriptional/translational modifications of components of the protein synthesis machinery. Recently, protein and RNA hydroxylation have emerged as important enzymatic modifications of tRNAs, elongation and termination factors, as well as ribosomal proteins. These modifications enable a correct STOP codon recognition, ensuring translational fidelity. Recent studies are starting to show that STOP codon read-through is related to the ability of the cell to cope with different types of stress, such as oxidative and chemical insults, while correlations between defects in hydroxylation of protein synthesis components and STOP codon read-through are beginning to emerge. In this review we will discuss our current knowledge of protein synthesis regulation through hydroxylation of components of the translation machinery, with special focus on STOP codon recognition. We speculate on the possibility that programmed STOP codon read-through, modulated by hydroxylation of components of the protein synthesis machinery, is part of a concerted cellular response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Katz
- Instituto Leloir, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L Gándara
- Instituto Leloir, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - P Wappner
- Instituto Leloir, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular, y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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47
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Martinez-Rocha AL, Woriedh M, Chemnitz J, Willingmann P, Kröger C, Hadeler B, Hauber J, Schäfer W. Posttranslational hypusination of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor-5A regulates Fusarium graminearum virulence. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24698. [PMID: 27098988 PMCID: PMC4838825 DOI: 10.1038/srep24698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF5A requires a posttranslational modification, forming the unique amino acid hypusine. This activation is mediated by two enzymes, deoxyhypusine synthase, DHS, and deoxyhypusine hydroxylase, DOHH. The impact of this enzymatic complex on the life cycle of a fungal pathogen is unknown. Plant pathogenic ascomycetes possess a single copy of the eIF5A activated by hypusination. We evaluated the importance of imbalances in eIF5A hypusination in Fusarium graminearum, a devastating fungal pathogen of cereals. Overexpression of DHS leads to increased virulence in wheat, elevated production of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol, more infection structures, faster wheat tissue invasion in plants and increases vegetatively produced conidia. In contrast, overexpression of DOHH completely prevents infection structure formation, pathogenicity in wheat and maize, leads to overproduction of ROS, reduced DON production and increased sexual reproduction. Simultaneous overexpression of both genes restores wild type-like phenotypes. Analysis of eIF5A posttranslational modification displayed strongly increased hypusinated eIF5A in DOHH overexpression mutant in comparison to wild type, and the DHS overexpression mutants. These are the first results pointing to different functions of differently modified eIF5A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lilia Martinez-Rocha
- University of Hamburg, Biocenter Klein Flottbek, Molecular Phytopathology and Genetics, Hamburg, D-22609, Germany
| | - Mayada Woriedh
- University of Hamburg, Biocenter Klein Flottbek, Molecular Phytopathology and Genetics, Hamburg, D-22609, Germany
| | - Jan Chemnitz
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Department Antiviral Strategies, Hamburg, D-20251, Germany
| | - Peter Willingmann
- University of Hamburg, Biocenter Klein Flottbek, Molecular Phytopathology and Genetics, Hamburg, D-22609, Germany
| | - Cathrin Kröger
- University of Hamburg, Biocenter Klein Flottbek, Molecular Phytopathology and Genetics, Hamburg, D-22609, Germany
| | - Birgit Hadeler
- University of Hamburg, Biocenter Klein Flottbek, Molecular Phytopathology and Genetics, Hamburg, D-22609, Germany
| | - Joachim Hauber
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Department Antiviral Strategies, Hamburg, D-20251, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Schäfer
- University of Hamburg, Biocenter Klein Flottbek, Molecular Phytopathology and Genetics, Hamburg, D-22609, Germany
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48
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Zhai Q, He M, Song A, Deshayes K, Dixit VM, Carter PJ. Structural Analysis and Optimization of Context-Independent Anti-Hypusine Antibodies. J Mol Biol 2016; 428:603-617. [PMID: 26778617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Context-independent anti-hypusine antibodies that bind to the post-translational modification (PTM), hypusine, with minimal dependence on flanking amino acid sequences, were identified. The antibodies bind to both hypusine and deoxyhypusine or selectively to hypusine but not to deoxyhypusine. Phage display was used to further enhance the affinity of the antibodies. Affinity maturation of these anti-hypusine antibodies improved their performance in affinity capture of the only currently known hypusinated protein, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A. These anti-hypusine antibodies may have utility in the identification of novel hypusinated proteins. Crystal structures of the corresponding Fab fragments were determined in complex with hypusine- or deoxyhypusine-containing peptides. The hypusine or deoxyhypusine moiety was found to reside in a deep pocket formed between VH and VL domains of the Fab fragments. Interaction between the antibodies and hypusine includes an extensive hydrogen bond network. These are, to our knowledge, the first reported structures of context-independent anti-PTM antibodies in complex with the corresponding PTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianting Zhai
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Meng He
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Aimin Song
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Kurt Deshayes
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Vishva M Dixit
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Paul J Carter
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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49
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Lassak J, Wilson DN, Jung K. Stall no more at polyproline stretches with the translation elongation factors EF-P and IF-5A. Mol Microbiol 2015; 99:219-35. [PMID: 26416626 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of polyproline proteins leads to translation arrest. To overcome this ribosome stalling effect, bacteria depend on a specialized translation elongation factor P (EF-P), being orthologous and functionally identical to eukaryotic/archaeal elongation factor e/aIF-5A (recently renamed 'EF5'). EF-P binds to the stalled ribosome between the peptidyl-tRNA binding and tRNA-exiting sites, and stimulates peptidyl-transferase activity, thus allowing translation to resume. In their active form, both EF-P and e/aIF-5A are post-translationally modified at a positively charged residue, which protrudes toward the peptidyl-transferase center when bound to the ribosome. While archaeal and eukaryotic IF-5A strictly depend on (deoxy-) hypusination (hypusinylation) of a conserved lysine, bacteria have evolved diverse analogous modification strategies to activate EF-P. In Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica a lysine is extended by β-lysinylation and subsequently hydroxylated, whereas in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Shewanella oneidensis an arginine in the equivalent position is rhamnosylated. Inactivation of EF-P, or the corresponding modification systems, reduces not only bacterial fitness, but also impairs virulence. Here, we review the function of EF-P and IF-5A and their unusual posttranslational protein modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Lassak
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-81377, Munich, Germany.,Department of Biology I, Microbiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Daniel N Wilson
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-81377, Munich, Germany.,Gene Center, Department for Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Kirsten Jung
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-81377, Munich, Germany.,Department of Biology I, Microbiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-82152, Martinsried, Germany
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50
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Quintas-Granados LI, Carvajal Gamez BI, Villalpando JL, Ortega-Lopez J, Arroyo R, Azuara-Liceaga E, Álvarez-Sánchez ME. Bifunctional activity of deoxyhypusine synthase/hydroxylase from Trichomonas vaginalis. Biochimie 2015; 123:37-51. [PMID: 26410361 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Trichomonas vaginalis genome analysis suggested the presence of a putative deoxyhypusine synthase (TvDHS) that catalyzes the posttranslational modification of eIF-5A. Herein, we expressed and purified the recombinant TvDHS (rTvDHS) protein (43 kDa) and the recombinant TveIF-5A (rTveIF-5A) precursor protein (46 kDa). A 41 kDa band of the native TvDHS was recognized by western blot analysis in T. vaginalis total protein extract by a mouse polyclonal anti-rTvDHS antibody. The enzymatic activity of rTvDHS was determined by in vitro rTveIF-5A precursor modification. The modification reaction was performed by using ((3)H)-spermidine, and the biochemical analysis showed that rTvDHS exhibited Km value of 0.6 μM. The rTvDHS activity was inhibited by the spermidine analog, N″-guanyl-1,7-diamino-heptane (GC7). Native gel electrophoresis analysis showed two bands corresponding to an rTvDHS-rTveIF-5A complex and an intermediate form of rTveIF-5A. The two forms were subsequently separated by ion exchange chromatography to identify the hypusine residue by MS/MS analysis. Moreover, mutations in TvDHS showed that the putative HE motif present in this enzyme is involved in the hydroxylation of TveIF-5A. We observed that only hypusine-containing TveIF-5A was bound to an RNA hairpin ERE structure from the cox-2 gene, which contains the AAAUGUCACAC consensus sequence. Interestingly, 2DE-WB assays, using parasites that were grown in DAB-culture conditions and transferred to exogenous putrescine, showed the new isoform of TveIF-5A. In summary, our results indicate that T. vaginalis contains an active TvDHS capable of modifying the precursor TveIF-5A protein, which subsequently exhibits RNA binding activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Itzel Quintas-Granados
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México (UACM), San Lorenzo #290, Col. Del Valle, CP 03100, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Bertha Isabel Carvajal Gamez
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México (UACM), San Lorenzo #290, Col. Del Valle, CP 03100, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jose Luis Villalpando
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México (UACM), San Lorenzo #290, Col. Del Valle, CP 03100, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jaime Ortega-Lopez
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. IPN 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco CP 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rossana Arroyo
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. IPN 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco CP 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elisa Azuara-Liceaga
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México (UACM), San Lorenzo #290, Col. Del Valle, CP 03100, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Elizbeth Álvarez-Sánchez
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México (UACM), San Lorenzo #290, Col. Del Valle, CP 03100, Mexico City, Mexico.
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