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Chen S, Tong X, Huo Y, Liu S, Yin Y, Tan ML, Cai K, Ji W. Piezoelectric Biomaterials Inspired by Nature for Applications in Biomedicine and Nanotechnology. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2406192. [PMID: 39003609 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202406192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Bioelectricity provides electrostimulation to regulate cell/tissue behaviors and functions. In the human body, bioelectricity can be generated in electromechanically responsive tissues and organs, as well as biomolecular building blocks that exhibit piezoelectricity, with a phenomenon known as the piezoelectric effect. Inspired by natural bio-piezoelectric phenomenon, efforts have been devoted to exploiting high-performance synthetic piezoelectric biomaterials, including molecular materials, polymeric materials, ceramic materials, and composite materials. Notably, piezoelectric biomaterials polarize under mechanical strain and generate electrical potentials, which can be used to fabricate electronic devices. Herein, a review article is proposed to summarize the design and research progress of piezoelectric biomaterials and devices toward bionanotechnology. First, the functions of bioelectricity in regulating human electrophysiological activity from cellular to tissue level are introduced. Next, recent advances as well as structure-property relationship of various natural and synthetic piezoelectric biomaterials are provided in detail. In the following part, the applications of piezoelectric biomaterials in tissue engineering, drug delivery, biosensing, energy harvesting, and catalysis are systematically classified and discussed. Finally, the challenges and future prospects of piezoelectric biomaterials are presented. It is believed that this review will provide inspiration for the design and development of innovative piezoelectric biomaterials in the fields of biomedicine and nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tong
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yehong Huo
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Shuaijie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Mei-Ling Tan
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Kaiyong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
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Zarezadeh SM, Sharafi AM, Erabi G, Tabashiri A, Teymouri N, Mehrabi H, Golzan SA, Faridzadeh A, Abdollahifar Z, Sami N, Arabpour J, Rahimi Z, Ansari A, Abbasi MR, Azizi N, Tamimi A, Poudineh M, Deravi N. Natural STAT3 Inhibitors for Cancer Treatment: A Comprehensive Literature Review. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2024; 19:403-502. [PMID: 37534488 DOI: 10.2174/1574892818666230803100554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide, affecting millions of people physically and financially every year. Over time, many anticancer treatments have been proposed and studied, including synthetic compound consumption, surgical procedures, or grueling chemotherapy. Although these treatments have improved the daily life quality of patients and increased their survival rate and life expectancy, they have also shown significant drawbacks, including staggering costs, multiple side effects, and difficulty in compliance and adherence to treatment. Therefore, natural compounds have been considered a possible key to overcoming these problems in recent years, and thorough research has been done to assess their effectiveness. In these studies, scientists have discovered a meaningful interaction between several natural materials and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 molecules. STAT3 is a transcriptional protein that is vital for cell growth and survival. Mechanistic studies have established that activated STAT3 can increase cancer cell proliferation and invasion while reducing anticancer immunity. Thus, inhibiting STAT3 signaling by natural compounds has become one of the favorite research topics and an attractive target for developing novel cancer treatments. In the present article, we intend to comprehensively review the latest knowledge about the effects of various organic compounds on inhibiting the STAT3 signaling pathway to cure different cancer diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mahdi Zarezadeh
- Students' Scientific Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Mohammad Sharafi
- Students' Scientific Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gisou Erabi
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Arefeh Tabashiri
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Teymouri
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hoda Mehrabi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Seyyed Amirhossein Golzan
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezoo Faridzadeh
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Abdollahifar
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Sami
- Student Research Committee, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University Medical Branch of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Arabpour
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of New Sciences, Islamic Azad University Medical Branch of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Rahimi
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences Zanjan, Iran
| | - Arina Ansari
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | | | - Nima Azizi
- Students' Scientific Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Niloofar Deravi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ravichandran NK, Hur H, Kim H, Hyun S, Bae JY, Kim DU, Kim IJ, Nam KH, Chang KS, Lee KS. Label-free photothermal optical coherence microscopy to locate desired regions of interest in multiphoton imaging of volumetric specimens. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3625. [PMID: 36869084 PMCID: PMC9984493 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30524-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Biochip-based research is currently evolving into a three-dimensional and large-scale basis similar to the in vivo microenvironment. For the long-term live and high-resolution imaging in these specimens, nonlinear microscopy capable of label-free and multiscale imaging is becoming increasingly important. Combination with non-destructive contrast imaging will be useful for effectively locating regions of interest (ROI) in large specimens and consequently minimizing photodamage. In this study, a label-free photothermal optical coherence microscopy (OCM) serves as a new approach to locate the desired ROI within biological samples which are under investigation by multiphoton microscopy (MPM). The weak photothermal perturbation in sample by the MPM laser with reduced power was detected at the endogenous photothermal particles within the ROI using the highly sensitive phase-differentiated photothermal (PD-PT) OCM. By monitoring the temporal change of the photothermal response signal of the PD-PT OCM, the hotspot generated within the sample focused by the MPM laser was located on the ROI. Combined with automated sample movement in the x-y axis, the focal plane of MPM could be effectively navigated to the desired portion of a volumetric sample for high-resolution targeted MPM imaging. We demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed method in second harmonic generation microscopy using two phantom samples and a biological sample, a fixed insect on microscope slide, with dimensions of 4 mm wide, 4 mm long, and 1 mm thick.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Kumar Ravichandran
- Center for Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute, 169-148 Gwahak-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan Hur
- Center for Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute, 169-148 Gwahak-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemi Kim
- Center for Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute, 169-148 Gwahak-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwon Hyun
- Center for Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute, 169-148 Gwahak-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yong Bae
- Center for Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute, 169-148 Gwahak-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Uk Kim
- Center for Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute, 169-148 Gwahak-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - I Jong Kim
- Center for Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute, 169-148 Gwahak-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hwan Nam
- Center for Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute, 169-148 Gwahak-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Soo Chang
- Center for Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute, 169-148 Gwahak-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34133, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kye-Sung Lee
- Center for Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute, 169-148 Gwahak-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34133, Republic of Korea.
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Page EF, Blake MJ, Foley GA, Calhoun TR. Monitoring membranes: The exploration of biological bilayers with second harmonic generation. CHEMICAL PHYSICS REVIEWS 2022; 3:041307. [PMID: 36536669 PMCID: PMC9756348 DOI: 10.1063/5.0120888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nature's seemingly controlled chaos in heterogeneous two-dimensional cell membranes stands in stark contrast to the precise, often homogeneous, environment in an experimentalist's flask or carefully designed material system. Yet cell membranes can play a direct role, or serve as inspiration, in all fields of biology, chemistry, physics, and engineering. Our understanding of these ubiquitous structures continues to evolve despite over a century of study largely driven by the application of new technologies. Here, we review the insight afforded by second harmonic generation (SHG), a nonlinear optical technique. From potential measurements to adsorption and diffusion on both model and living systems, SHG complements existing techniques while presenting a large exploratory space for new discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor F. Page
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Marea J. Blake
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Grant A. Foley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Tessa R. Calhoun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
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5
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Khadria A. Tools to measure membrane potential of neurons. Biomed J 2022; 45:749-762. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Pallen S, Shetty Y, Das S, Vaz JM, Mazumder N. Advances in nonlinear optical microscopy techniques for in vivo and in vitro neuroimaging. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:1199-1217. [PMID: 35047093 PMCID: PMC8724370 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00832-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism of the brain via optical microscopy is one of the challenges in neuroimaging, considering the complex structures. Advanced neuroimaging techniques provide a more comprehensive insight into patho-mechanisms of brain disorders, which is useful in the early diagnosis of the pathological and physiological changes associated with various neurodegenerative diseases. Recent advances in optical microscopy techniques have evolved powerful tools to overcome scattering of light and provide improved in vivo neuroimaging with sub-cellular resolution, endogenous contrast specificity, pinhole less optical sectioning capability, high penetration depth, and so on. The following article reviews the developments in various optical imaging techniques including two-photon and three-photon fluorescence, second-harmonic generation, third-harmonic generation, coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering, and stimulated Raman scattering in neuroimaging. We have outlined the potentials and drawbacks of these techniques and their possible applications in the investigation of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sparsha Pallen
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Yuthika Shetty
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Subir Das
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei, 112 Taiwan
| | - Joel Markus Vaz
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Nirmal Mazumder
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
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James DS, Campagnola PJ. Recent Advancements in Optical Harmonic Generation Microscopy: Applications and Perspectives. BME FRONTIERS 2021; 2021:3973857. [PMID: 37849910 PMCID: PMC10521653 DOI: 10.34133/2021/3973857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Second harmonic generation (SHG) and third harmonic generation (THG) microscopies have emerged as powerful imaging modalities to examine structural properties of a wide range of biological tissues. Although SHG and THG arise from very different contrast mechanisms, the two are complimentary and can often be collected simultaneously using a modified multiphoton microscope. In this review, we discuss the needed instrumentation for these modalities as well as the underlying theoretical principles of SHG and THG in tissue and describe how these can be leveraged to extract unique structural information. We provide an overview of recent advances showing how SHG microscopy has been used to evaluate collagen alterations in the extracellular matrix and how this has been used to advance our knowledge of cancers, fibroses, and the cornea, as well as in tissue engineering applications. Specific examples using polarization-resolved approaches and machine learning algorithms are highlighted. Similarly, we review how THG has enabled developmental biology and skin cancer studies due to its sensitivity to changes in refractive index, which are ubiquitous in all cell and tissue assemblies. Lastly, we offer perspectives and outlooks on future directions of SHG and THG microscopies and present unresolved questions, especially in terms of overall miniaturization and the development of microendoscopy instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darian S. James
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Engineering Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Paul J. Campagnola
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Engineering Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Mizuguchi T, Nuriya M. Applications of second harmonic generation (SHG)/sum-frequency generation (SFG) imaging for biophysical characterization of the plasma membrane. Biophys Rev 2020; 12:10.1007/s12551-020-00768-4. [PMID: 33108561 PMCID: PMC7755958 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-020-00768-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane is a lipid bilayer of < 10 nm width that separates intra- and extra-cellular environments and serves as the site of cell-cell communication, as well as communication between cells and the extracellular environment. As such, biophysical phenomena at and around the plasma membrane play key roles in determining cellular physiology and pathophysiology. Thus, the selective visualization and characterization of the plasma membrane are crucial aspects of research in wide areas of biology and medicine. However, the specific characterization of the plasma membrane has been a challenge using conventional imaging techniques, which are unable to effectively distinguish between signals arising from the plasma membrane and those from intracellular lipid structures. In this regard, interface-specific second harmonic generation (SHG) and sum-frequency generation (SFG) imaging demonstrate great potential. When combined with exogenous SHG/SFG active dyes, SHG/SFG can specifically highlight the plasma membrane as the most prominent interface associated with cells. Furthermore, SHG/SFG imaging can be readily extended to multimodal multiphoton microscopy with simultaneous occurrence of other multiphoton phenomena, including multiphoton excitation and coherent Raman scattering, which shed light on the biophysical properties of the plasma membrane from different perspectives. Here, we review traditional and current applications, as well as the prospects of long-known but unexplored SHG/SFG imaging techniques in biophysics, with special focus on their use in the biophysical characterization of the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaha Mizuguchi
- Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Mutsuo Nuriya
- Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
- Keio Advanced Research Center for Water Biology and Medicine, Keio University, 2-15-45 Mita, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8345, Japan.
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan.
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Semyanov A, Henneberger C, Agarwal A. Making sense of astrocytic calcium signals — from acquisition to interpretation. Nat Rev Neurosci 2020; 21:551-564. [DOI: 10.1038/s41583-020-0361-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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10
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Lim H. Harmonic Generation Microscopy 2.0: New Tricks Empowering Intravital Imaging for Neuroscience. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:99. [PMID: 31649934 PMCID: PMC6794408 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Optical harmonic generation, e.g., second- (SHG) and third-harmonic generation (THG), provides intrinsic contrasts for three-dimensional intravital microscopy. Contrary to two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF), however, they have found relatively specialized applications, such as imaging collagenous and non-specific tissues, respectively. Here we review recent advances that broaden the capacity of SHG and THG for imaging the central nervous system in particular. The fundamental contrast mechanisms are reviewed as they encode novel information including molecular origin, spectroscopy, functional probes, and image analysis, which lay foundations for promising future applications in neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungsik Lim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hunter College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
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Sharifian Gh M, Wilhelm MJ, Moore M, Dai HL. Spatially Resolved Membrane Transport in a Single Cell Imaged by Second Harmonic Light Scattering. Biochemistry 2019; 58:1841-1844. [PMID: 30912648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate that time-resolved second harmonic (SH) light scattering, when applied as an imaging modality, can be used to spatially resolve the adsorption and transport rates of molecules diffusing across the membrane in a living cell. As a representative example, we measure the passive transport of the amphiphilic ion, malachite green, across the plasma membrane in living human dermal fibroblast cells. Analysis of the time-resolved SH images reveals that membrane regions, which appear to be enduring higher stress, exhibit slower transport rates. It is proposed that this stress-transport relation may be a result of local enrichment of membrane rigidifiers as part of a response to maintain membrane integrity under strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sharifian Gh
- Department of Chemistry , Temple University , 1901 N. 13th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States
| | - Michael J Wilhelm
- Department of Chemistry , Temple University , 1901 N. 13th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States
| | - Michael Moore
- Optical Science Center for Applied Research , Delaware State University , Dover , Delaware 19904 , United States
| | - Hai-Lung Dai
- Department of Chemistry , Temple University , 1901 N. 13th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States
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12
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Mizuguchi T, Yasui M, Nuriya M. High-Resolution Plasma Membrane-Selective Imaging by Second Harmonic Generation. iScience 2018; 9:359-366. [PMID: 30466062 PMCID: PMC6249386 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane is the site of intercellular communication and subsequent intracellular signal transduction. The specific visualization of the plasma membrane in living cells, however, is difficult using fluorescence-based techniques owing to the high background signals from intracellular organelles. In this study, we show that second harmonic generation (SHG) is a high-resolution plasma membrane-selective imaging technique that enables multifaceted investigations of the plasma membrane. In contrast to fluorescence imaging, SHG specifically visualizes the plasma membrane at locations that are not attached to artificial substrates and allows high-resolution imaging because of its subresolution nature. These properties were exploited to measure the distances from the plasma membrane to subcortical actin and tubulin fibers, revealing the precise cytoskeletal organization beneath the plasma membrane. Thus, SHG imaging enables the specific visualization of phenomena at the plasma membrane with unprecedented precision and versatility and should facilitate cell biology research focused on the plasma membrane. Dye-based SHG imaging can specifically visualize the plasma membrane SHG imaging can identify the location of the plasma membrane with high precision Multimodal imaging reveals the precise organization of subcortical cytoskeletons
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaha Mizuguchi
- Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masato Yasui
- Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Mutsuo Nuriya
- Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan; Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
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de Wergifosse M, Grimme S. Nonlinear-response properties in a simplified time-dependent density functional theory (sTD-DFT) framework: Evaluation of the first hyperpolarizability. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:024108. [PMID: 30007395 DOI: 10.1063/1.5037665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent developments in nonlinear imaging microscopy show the need to implement new theoretical tools, which are able to characterize nonlinear optical properties in an efficient way. For second-harmonic imaging microscopy (SHIM), quantum chemistry could play an important role to design new exogenous dyes with enhanced first hyperpolarizabilities or to characterize the response origin in large endogenous biological systems. Such methods should be able to screen a large number of compounds while reproducing their trends and to treat large systems in reasonable computation times. To fulfill these requirements, we present a new simplified time-dependent density functional theory (sTD-DFT) implementation to evaluate the first hyperpolarizability where the Coulomb and exchange integrals are approximated by short-range damped Coulomb interactions of transition density monopoles. For an ultra-fast computation of the first hyperpolarizability, a tight-binding version (sTD-DFT-xTB) is also proposed. In our implementation, a sTD-DFT calculation is more than 600 time faster with respect to a regular TD-DFT treatment, while the xTB version speeds up the entire calculation further by at least two orders of magnitude. We challenge our implementation on three test cases: typical push-pull π-conjugated compounds, fluorescent proteins, and a collagen model, which were selected to model requirements for SHIM applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc de Wergifosse
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Beringstr. 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Beringstr. 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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14
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Nuriya M, Fukushima S, Momotake A, Shinotsuka T, Yasui M, Arai T. Multimodal two-photon imaging using a second harmonic generation-specific dye. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11557. [PMID: 27156702 PMCID: PMC4865818 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging can be used to visualize unique biological phenomena, but currently available dyes limit its application owing to the strong fluorescent signals that they generate together with SHG. Here we report the first non-fluorescent and membrane potential-sensitive SHG-active organic dye Ap3. Ap3 is photostable and generates SH signals at the plasma membrane with virtually no fluorescent signals, in sharp contrast to the previously used fluorescent dye FM4-64. When tested in neurons, Ap3-SHG shows linear membrane potential sensitivity and fast responses to action potentials, and also shows significantly reduced photodamage compared with FM4-64. The SHG-specific nature of Ap3 allows simultaneous and completely independent imaging of SHG signals and fluorescent signals from various reporter molecules, including markers of cellular organelles and intracellular calcium. Therefore, this SHG-specific dye enables true multimodal two-photon imaging in biological samples. Current dyes for second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging strongly fluoresce, limiting their application. Here the authors develop a SHG-specific dye, Ap3, that partitions into cell membranes, displays sensitivity to membrane potential and has virtually no fluorescence emission at SHG imaging wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutsuo Nuriya
- Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.,Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Shun Fukushima
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences and Tsukuba Research Center for Interdisciplinary Materials Science (TIMS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Atsuya Momotake
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences and Tsukuba Research Center for Interdisciplinary Materials Science (TIMS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Takanori Shinotsuka
- Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masato Yasui
- Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Arai
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences and Tsukuba Research Center for Interdisciplinary Materials Science (TIMS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
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15
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Mitochondria-targeted Triphenylamine Derivatives Activatable by Two-Photon Excitation for Triggering and Imaging Cell Apoptosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21458. [PMID: 26947258 PMCID: PMC4780088 DOI: 10.1038/srep21458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) leads to cell death by using a combination of a photosensitizer and an external light source for the production of lethal doses of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Since a major limitation of PDT is the poor penetration of UV-visible light in tissues, there is a strong need for organic compounds whose activation is compatible with near-infrared excitation. Triphenylamines (TPAs) are fluorescent compounds, recently shown to efficiently trigger cell death upon visible light irradiation (458 nm), however outside the so-called optical/therapeutic window. Here, we report that TPAs target cytosolic organelles of living cells, mainly mitochondria, triggering a fast apoptosis upon two-photon excitation, thanks to their large two-photon absorption cross-sections in the 760–860 nm range. Direct ROS imaging in the cell context upon multiphoton excitation of TPA and three-color flow cytometric analysis showing phosphatidylserine externalization indicate that TPA photoactivation is primarily related to the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway via ROS production, although significant differences in the time courses of cell death-related events were observed, depending on the compound. TPAs represent a new class of water-soluble organic photosensitizers compatible with direct two-photon excitation, enabling simultaneous multiphoton fluorescence imaging of cell death since a concomitant subcellular TPA re-distribution occurs in apoptotic cells.
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16
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Segovia P, Marino G, Krasavin AV, Olivier N, Wurtz GA, Belov PA, Ginzburg P, Zayats AV. Hyperbolic metamaterial antenna for second-harmonic generation tomography. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:30730-30738. [PMID: 26698705 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.030730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The detection and processing of information carried by evanescent field components are key elements for subwavelength optical microscopy as well as single molecule sensing applications. Here, we numerically demonstrate the potential of a hyperbolic medium in the design of an efficient metamaterial antenna enabling detection and tracking of a nonlinear object, with an otherwise hidden second-harmonic signature. The presence of the antenna provides 103-fold intensity enhancement of the second harmonic generation (SHG) from a nanoparticle through a metamaterial-assisted access to evanescent second-harmonic fields. Alternatively, the observation of SHG from the metamaterial itself can be used to detect and track a nanoparticle without a nonlinear response. The antenna allows an optical resolution of several nanometers in tracking the nanoparticle's location via observations of the far-field second-harmonic radiation pattern.
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17
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Allegra Mascaro AL, Sacconi L, Silvestri L, Knott G, Pavone FS. Multi-Modal Optical Imaging of the Cerebellum in Animals. THE CEREBELLUM 2015; 15:18-20. [PMID: 26476852 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-015-0730-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Thanks to their flexibility, optical techniques could be the key to explore anatomy, plasticity, and functionality of the cerebellum. As an example, an in vivo analysis of the dynamic remodeling of cerebellar axons by nonlinear microscopy can provide fundamental insights of the mechanism that promotes neuronal regeneration. Several studies showed that damaged climbing fibers are capable of regrowing also in adult animals. The investigation of the time-lapse dynamics of degeneration and regeneration of these axons within their complex environment can be performed by time-lapse two-photon fluorescence (TPF) imaging in vivo. Here, we show that single axonal branches can be dissected by laser axotomy, thus avoiding collateral damage to the adjacent dendrite and the formation of a persistent glial scar. Despite the very small denervated area, the injured axons consistently reshaped the connectivity with surrounding neurons and sprouted new branches through the intact surroundings. Correlative light and electron microscopy revealed that the sprouted branch contains large numbers of vesicles, with varicosities in the close vicinity of Purkinje dendrites. By using an RNA interference approach, we found that downregulating GAP-43 causes a significant increase in the turnover of presynaptic boutons and hampers the generation of reactive sprouts. Further, we report how nonlinear microscopy in combination with novel voltage sensitive dyes or transgenic mice allow optical registrations of action potential across a population of neurons opening promising prospective in understanding brain functionality. Finally, we describe novel implementations of light-sheet microscopy to resolve neuronal anatomy in whole cerebellum with cellular resolution. The understanding gained from these complementary optical methods may provide a deeper comprehension of the cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Letizia Allegra Mascaro
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, University of Florence, Via Nello Carrara 1, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy. .,National Research Council, National Institute of Optics, Largo Fermi 6, Florence, 50125, Italy.
| | - Leonardo Sacconi
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, University of Florence, Via Nello Carrara 1, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy.,National Research Council, National Institute of Optics, Largo Fermi 6, Florence, 50125, Italy
| | - Ludovico Silvestri
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, University of Florence, Via Nello Carrara 1, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy.,National Research Council, National Institute of Optics, Largo Fermi 6, Florence, 50125, Italy
| | - Graham Knott
- Ctr. Interdisciplinaire de Microscopie Electronique, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesco S Pavone
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, University of Florence, Via Nello Carrara 1, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy.,National Research Council, National Institute of Optics, Largo Fermi 6, Florence, 50125, Italy.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Via Sansone 1, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy.,International Center for Computational Neurophotonics (ICON) Foundation, Via Nello Carrara 1, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
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18
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Loew LM, Lewis A. Second Harmonic Imaging of Membrane Potential. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 859:473-92. [PMID: 26238065 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-17641-3_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The non-linear optical effect known as second harmonic generation (SHG) has been recognized since the earliest days of the laser. But it has only been in the last 20 years that it has begun to emerge as a viable microscope imaging contrast mechanism for visualization of cell and tissue structure and function. This is because only small modifications are required to equip a standard laser scanning 2-photon microscope for second harmonic imaging microscopy (SHIM). SHG signals from certain membrane-bound dyes are highly sensitive to membrane potential, indicating that SHIM may become a valuable probe of cell physiology. However, for the current generation of dyes and microscopes, the small signal size limits the number of photons that can be collected during the course of a fast action potential. Better dyes and optimized microscope optics could ultimately lead to the ability to image neuronal electrical activity with SHIM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie M Loew
- Department of Cell Biology, R. D. Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030-1507, USA,
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19
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Briggman KL, Kristan WB, González JE, Kleinfeld D, Tsien RY. Monitoring Integrated Activity of Individual Neurons Using FRET-Based Voltage-Sensitive Dyes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 859:149-69. [PMID: 26238052 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-17641-3_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pairs of membrane-associated molecules exhibiting fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) provide a sensitive technique to measure changes in a cell's membrane potential. One of the FRET pair binds to one surface of the membrane and the other is a mobile ion that dissolves in the lipid bilayer. The voltage-related signal can be measured as a change in the fluorescence of either the donor or acceptor molecules, but measuring their ratio provides the largest and most noise-free signal. This technology has been used in a variety of ways; three are documented in this chapter: (1) high throughput drug screening, (2) monitoring the activity of many neurons simultaneously during a behavior, and (3) finding synaptic targets of a stimulated neuron. In addition, we provide protocols for using the dyes on both cultured neurons and leech ganglia. We also give an updated description of the mathematical basis for measuring the coherence between electrical and optical signals. Future improvements of this technique include faster and more sensitive dyes that bleach more slowly, and the expression of one of the FRET pair genetically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin L Briggman
- Circuit Dynamics and Connectivity Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA,
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20
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Ghouri IA, Kelly A, Burton FL, Smith GL, Kemi OJ. 2-Photon excitation fluorescence microscopy enables deeper high-resolution imaging of voltage and Ca(2+) in intact mice, rat, and rabbit hearts. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2015; 8:112-23. [PMID: 24123976 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201300109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We describe a novel two-photon (2P) laser scanning microscopy (2PLSM) protocol that provides ratiometric transmural measurements of membrane voltage (Vm ) via Di-4-ANEPPS in intact mouse, rat and rabbit hearts with subcellular resolution. The same cells were then imaged with Fura-2/AM for intracellular Ca(2+) recordings. Action potentials (APs) were accurately characterized by 2PLSM vs. microelectrodes, albeit fast events (<1 ms) were sub-optimally acquired by 2PLSM due to limited sampling frequencies (2.6 kHz). The slower Ca(2+) transient (CaT) time course (>1ms) could be accurately described by 2PLSM. In conclusion, Vm - and Ca(2+) -sensitive dyes can be 2P excited within the cardiac muscle wall to provide AP and Ca(2+) signals to ∼400 µm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iffath A Ghouri
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences; College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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21
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Moen EK, Ibey BL, Beier HT. Detecting subtle plasma membrane perturbation in living cells using second harmonic generation imaging. Biophys J 2014; 106:L37-40. [PMID: 24853757 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The requirement of center asymmetry for the creation of second harmonic generation (SHG) signals makes it an attractive technique for visualizing changes in interfacial layers such as the plasma membrane of biological cells. In this article, we explore the use of lipophilic SHG probes to detect minute perturbations in the plasma membrane. Three candidate probes, Di-4-ANEPPDHQ (Di-4), FM4-64, and all-trans-retinol, were evaluated for SHG effectiveness in Jurkat cells. Di-4 proved superior with both strong SHG signal and limited bleaching artifacts. To test whether rapid changes in membrane symmetry could be detected using SHG, we exposed cells to nanosecond-pulsed electric fields, which are believed to cause formation of nanopores in the plasma membrane. Upon nanosecond-pulsed electric fields exposure, we observed an instantaneous drop of ~50% in SHG signal from the anodic pole of the cell. When compared to the simultaneously acquired fluorescence signals, it appears that the signal change was not due to the probe diffusing out of the membrane or changes in membrane potential or fluidity. We hypothesize that this loss in SHG signal is due to disruption in the interfacial nature of the membrane. The results show that SHG imaging has great potential as a tool for measuring rapid and subtle plasma membrane disturbance in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick K Moen
- Department of Electrical Engineering - Electrophysics, University of Southern California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Bennett L Ibey
- Bioeffects Division, Air Force Research Laboratory, Fort Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Hope T Beier
- Bioeffects Division, Air Force Research Laboratory, Fort Sam Houston, Texas.
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22
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Macias-Romero C, Didier MEP, Jourdain P, Marquet P, Magistretti P, Tarun OB, Zubkovs V, Radenovic A, Roke S. High throughput second harmonic imaging for label-free biological applications. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:31102-31112. [PMID: 25607059 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.031102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Second harmonic generation (SHG) is inherently sensitive to the absence of spatial centrosymmetry, which can render it intrinsically sensitive to interfacial processes, chemical changes and electrochemical responses. Here, we seek to improve the imaging throughput of SHG microscopy by using a wide-field imaging scheme in combination with a medium-range repetition rate amplified near infrared femtosecond laser source and gated detection. The imaging throughput of this configuration is tested by measuring the optical image contrast for different image acquisition times of BaTiO₃ nanoparticles in two different wide-field setups and one commercial point-scanning configuration. We find that the second harmonic imaging throughput is improved by 2-3 orders of magnitude compared to point-scan imaging. Capitalizing on this result, we perform low fluence imaging of (parts of) living mammalian neurons in culture.
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23
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Daddysman MK, Tycon MA, Fecko CJ. Photoinduced damage resulting from fluorescence imaging of live cells. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1148:1-17. [PMID: 24718791 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0470-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The widespread application of fluorescence microscopy to study live cells has led to a greater understanding of numerous biological processes. Many techniques have been developed to uniquely label structures and track metabolic pathways using fluorophores in live cells. However, the photochemistry of nonnative compounds and the deposition of energy into the cell during imaging can result in unexpected and unwanted side effects. Herein, we examine potential live cell damage by first discussing common imaging considerations and modalities in fluorescence microscopy. We then consider several mechanisms by which various photochemical and photophysical phenomena cause cellular damage and introduce techniques that have leveraged these phenomena to intentionally create damage inside cells. Reviewing conditions under which intentional damage occurs can allow one to better predict when unintentional damage may be important. Finally, we delineate ways of checking for and reducing photochemical and photophysical damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K Daddysman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3290, USA
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24
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Comparison of two voltage-sensitive dyes and their suitability for long-term imaging of neuronal activity. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75678. [PMID: 24124505 PMCID: PMC3790875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the key approaches for studying neural network function is the simultaneous measurement of the activity of many neurons. Voltage-sensitive dyes (VSDs) simultaneously report the membrane potential of multiple neurons, but often have pharmacological and phototoxic effects on neuronal cells. Yet, to study the homeostatic processes that regulate neural network function long-term recordings of neuronal activities are required. This study aims to test the suitability of the VSDs RH795 and Di-4-ANEPPS for optically recording pattern generating neurons in the stomatogastric nervous system of crustaceans with an emphasis on long-term recordings of the pyloric central pattern generator. We demonstrate that both dyes stain pyloric neurons and determined an optimal concentration and light intensity for optical imaging. Although both dyes provided sufficient signal-to-noise ratio for measuring membrane potentials, Di-4-ANEPPS displayed a higher signal quality indicating an advantage of this dye over RH795 when small neuronal signals need to be recorded. For Di-4-ANEPPS, higher dye concentrations resulted in faster and brighter staining. Signal quality, however, only depended on excitation light strength, but not on dye concentration. RH795 showed weak and slowly developing phototoxic effects on the pyloric motor pattern as well as slow bleaching of the staining and is thus the better choice for long-term experiments. Low concentrations and low excitation intensities can be used as, in contrast to Di-4-ANEPPS, the signal-to-noise ratio was independent of excitation light strength. In summary, RH795 and Di-4-ANEPPS are suitable for optical imaging in the stomatogastric nervous system of crustaceans. They allow simultaneous recording of the membrane potential of multiple neurons with high signal quality. While Di-4-ANEPPS is better suited for short-term experiments that require high signal quality, RH795 is a better candidate for long-term experiments since it has only minor effects on the motor pattern.
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25
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Fast state-space methods for inferring dendritic synaptic connectivity. J Comput Neurosci 2013; 36:415-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s10827-013-0478-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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26
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Reeve JE, Corbett AD, Boczarow I, Kaluza W, Barford W, Bayley H, Wilson T, Anderson HL. Porphyrins for Probing Electrical Potential Across Lipid Bilayer Membranes by Second Harmonic Generation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201304515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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27
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Reeve JE, Corbett AD, Boczarow I, Kaluza W, Barford W, Bayley H, Wilson T, Anderson HL. Porphyrins for probing electrical potential across lipid bilayer membranes by second harmonic generation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:9044-8. [PMID: 23861287 PMCID: PMC3881515 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201304515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James E Reeve
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
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28
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Madden JT, Toth SJ, Dettmar CM, Newman JA, Oglesbee RA, Hedderich HG, Everly RM, Becker M, Ronau JA, Buchanan SK, Cherezov V, Morrow ME, Xu S, Ferguson D, Makarov O, Das C, Fischetti R, Simpson GJ. Integrated nonlinear optical imaging microscope for on-axis crystal detection and centering at a synchrotron beamline. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2013; 20:531-40. [PMID: 23765294 PMCID: PMC3682636 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049513007942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nonlinear optical (NLO) instrumentation has been integrated with synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) for combined single-platform analysis, initially targeting applications for automated crystal centering. Second-harmonic-generation microscopy and two-photon-excited ultraviolet fluorescence microscopy were evaluated for crystal detection and assessed by X-ray raster scanning. Two optical designs were constructed and characterized; one positioned downstream of the sample and one integrated into the upstream optical path of the diffractometer. Both instruments enabled protein crystal identification with integration times between 80 and 150 µs per pixel, representing a ∼10(3)-10(4)-fold reduction in the per-pixel exposure time relative to X-ray raster scanning. Quantitative centering and analysis of phenylalanine hydroxylase from Chromobacterium violaceum cPAH, Trichinella spiralis deubiquitinating enzyme TsUCH37, human κ-opioid receptor complex kOR-T4L produced in lipidic cubic phase (LCP), intimin prepared in LCP, and α-cellulose samples were performed by collecting multiple NLO images. The crystalline samples were characterized by single-crystal diffraction patterns, while α-cellulose was characterized by fiber diffraction. Good agreement was observed between the sample positions identified by NLO and XRD raster measurements for all samples studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy T. Madden
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Scott J. Toth
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Christopher M. Dettmar
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Justin A. Newman
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Robert A. Oglesbee
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Hartmut G. Hedderich
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - R. Michael Everly
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Michael Becker
- GM/CA@APS, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Judith A. Ronau
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Susan K. Buchanan
- NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Building 50, Room 4503, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Vadim Cherezov
- Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Marie E. Morrow
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Shenglan Xu
- GM/CA@APS, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Dale Ferguson
- GM/CA@APS, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Oleg Makarov
- GM/CA@APS, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Chittaranjan Das
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Robert Fischetti
- GM/CA@APS, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Garth J. Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
- Correspondence e-mail:
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29
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Song X, Wang M, Zhang L, Zhang J, Wang X, Liu W, Gu X, Lv C. Changes in cell ultrastructure and inhibition of JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway in CBRH-7919 cells with astaxanthin. Toxicol Mech Methods 2013; 22:679-86. [PMID: 22889354 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2012.717119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AST), a xanthophylls carotenoid, possesses significant anticancer effects. However, to date, the molecular mechanism of anticancer remains unclear. In the present research, we studied the anticancer mechanism of AST, including the changes in cell ultrastructure, such as the mitochondrion, rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), Golgi complex, and cytoskeleton, the inhibition of Janus kinase 1(JAK1)/transduction and the activators of the transcription-3 (STAT3) signaling pathway using rat hepatocellular carcinoma CBRH-7919 cells. Cell apoptosis was evaluated and the expressions of JAK1, STAT3, non-metastasis23-1 (nm23-1), and apoptotic gene like B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 (bcl-2), B-cell lymphoma-extra large (bcl-xl), proto-oncogene proteins c myc (c-myc) and bcl-2- associated X (bax) were also examined. The results showed that AST could induce cancer cell apoptosis. Under transmission electron microscope, the ultrastructure of treated cells were not clearly distinguishable, the membranes of the mitochondrion, RER, Golgi complex were broken or loosened, and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was degranulated. Cytoskeleton depolymerization of the microtubule system led to the collapse of extended vimentin intermediate filament bundles into short agglomerations with disordered distributions. AST inhibited the expression of STAT3, its upstream activator JAK1, and the STAT3 target antiapoptotic genes bcl-2, bcl-xl, and c-myc. Conversely, AST enhanced the expressions of nm23-1 and bax. Overall, our findings demonstrate that AST could induce the apoptosis of CBRH-7919 cells, which are involved in cell ultrastructure and the JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Song
- Medicine Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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30
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Garz A, Sandmann M, Rading M, Ramm S, Menzel R, Steup M. Cell-to-cell diversity in a synchronized Chlamydomonas culture as revealed by single-cell analyses. Biophys J 2013; 103:1078-86. [PMID: 23009858 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In a synchronized photoautotrophic culture of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, cell size, cell number, and the averaged starch content were determined throughout the light-dark cycle. For single-cell analyses, the relative cellular starch was quantified by measuring the second harmonic generation (SHG). In destained cells, amylopectin essentially represents the only biophotonic structure. As revealed by various validation procedures, SHG signal intensities are a reliable relative measure of the cellular starch content. During photosynthesis-driven starch biosynthesis, synchronized Chlamydomonas cells possess an unexpected cell-to-cell diversity both in size and starch content, but the starch-related heterogeneity largely exceeds that of size. The cellular volume, starch content, and amount of starch/cell volume obey lognormal distributions. Starch degradation was initiated by inhibiting the photosynthetic electron transport in illuminated cells or by darkening. Under both conditions, the averaged rate of starch degradation is almost constant, but it is higher in illuminated than in darkened cells. At the single-cell level, rates of starch degradation largely differ but are unrelated to the initial cellular starch content. A rate equation describing the cellular starch degradation is presented. SHG-based three-dimensional reconstructions of Chlamydomonas cells containing starch granules are shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Garz
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Photonics, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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31
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Wilt BA, Fitzgerald JE, Schnitzer MJ. Photon shot noise limits on optical detection of neuronal spikes and estimation of spike timing. Biophys J 2013; 104:51-62. [PMID: 23332058 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical approaches for tracking neural dynamics are of widespread interest, but a theoretical framework quantifying the physical limits of these techniques has been lacking. We formulate such a framework by using signal detection and estimation theory to obtain physical bounds on the detection of neural spikes and the estimation of their occurrence times as set by photon counting statistics (shot noise). These bounds are succinctly expressed via a discriminability index that depends on the kinetics of the optical indicator and the relative fluxes of signal and background photons. This approach facilitates quantitative evaluations of different indicators, detector technologies, and data analyses. Our treatment also provides optimal filtering techniques for optical detection of spikes. We compare various types of Ca(2+) indicators and show that background photons are a chief impediment to voltage sensing. Thus, voltage indicators that change color in response to membrane depolarization may offer a key advantage over those that change intensity. We also examine fluorescence resonance energy transfer indicators and identify the regimes in which the widely used ratiometric analysis of signals is substantially suboptimal. Overall, by showing how different optical factors interact to affect signal quality, our treatment offers a valuable guide to experimental design and provides measures of confidence to assess optically extracted traces of neural activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Wilt
- James H. Clark Center, CNC Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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Milne BF, Nogueira F, Cardoso C. Theoretical study of heavy-atom tuning of nonlinear optical properties in group 15 derivatives of N,N,N-trimethylglycine (betaine). Dalton Trans 2013; 42:3695-703. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt31894f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Surface functionalization of barium titanate SHG nanoprobes for in vivo imaging in zebrafish. Nat Protoc 2012; 7:1618-33. [PMID: 22899331 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2012.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To address the need for a bright, photostable labeling tool that allows long-term in vivo imaging in whole organisms, we recently introduced second harmonic generating (SHG) nanoprobes. Here we present a protocol for the preparation and use of a particular SHG nanoprobe label, barium titanate (BT), for in vivo imaging in living zebrafish embryos. Chemical treatment of the BT nanoparticles results in surface coating with amine-terminal groups, which act as a platform for a variety of chemical modifications for biological applications. Here we describe cross-linking of BT to a biotin-linked moiety using click chemistry methods and coating of BT with nonreactive poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). We also provide details for injecting PEG-coated SHG nanoprobes into zygote-stage zebrafish embryos, and in vivo imaging of SHG nanoprobes during gastrulation and segmentation. Implementing the PROCEDURE requires a basic understanding of laser-scanning microscopy, experience with handling zebrafish embryos and chemistry laboratory experience. Functionalization of the SHG nanoprobes takes ∼3 d, whereas zebrafish preparation, injection and imaging setup should take approximately 2-4 h.
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Vanzi F, Sacconi L, Cicchi R, Pavone FS. Protein conformation and molecular order probed by second-harmonic-generation microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2012; 17:060901. [PMID: 22734730 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.17.6.060901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Second-harmonic-generation (SHG) microscopy has emerged as a powerful tool to image unstained living tissues and probe their molecular and supramolecular organization. In this article, we review the physical basis of SHG, highlighting how coherent summation of second-harmonic response leads to the sensitivity of polarized SHG to the three-dimensional distribution of emitters within the focal volume. Based on the physical description of the process, we examine experimental applications for probing the molecular organization within a tissue and its alterations in response to different biomedically relevant conditions. We also describe the approach for obtaining information on molecular conformation based on SHG polarization anisotropy measurements and its application to the study of myosin conformation in different physiological states of muscle. The capability of coupling the advantages of nonlinear microscopy (micrometer-scale resolution in deep tissue) with tools for probing molecular structure in vivo renders SHG microscopy an extremely powerful tool for the advancement of biomedical optics, with particular regard to novel technologies for molecular diagnostic in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Vanzi
- University of Florence, Department of Evolutionary Biology Leo Pardi, Florence, Italy
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Dempsey WP, Fraser SE, Pantazis P. SHG nanoprobes: Advancing harmonic imaging in biology. Bioessays 2012; 34:351-60. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201100106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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36
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Haupert LM, Simpson GJ. Screening of protein crystallization trials by second order nonlinear optical imaging of chiral crystals (SONICC). Methods 2011; 55:379-86. [PMID: 22101350 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Second order nonlinear optical imaging of chiral crystals (SONICC) is a promising new method for the sensitive and selective detection of protein crystals. Relevant general principles of second harmonic generation, which underpins SONICC, are reviewed. Instrumentation and methods for SONICC measurements are described and critically assessed in terms of performance trade-offs. Potential origins of false-positives and false-negatives are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levi M Haupert
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47904, United States
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Pagès S, Côté D, De Koninck P. Optophysiological approach to resolve neuronal action potentials with high spatial and temporal resolution in cultured neurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2011; 5:20. [PMID: 22016723 PMCID: PMC3191737 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2011.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell to cell communication in the central nervous system is encoded into transient and local membrane potential changes (ΔVm). Deciphering the rules that govern synaptic transmission and plasticity entails to be able to perform Vm recordings throughout the entire neuronal arborization. Classical electrophysiology is, in most cases, not able to do so within small and fragile neuronal subcompartments. Thus, optical techniques based on the use of fluorescent voltage-sensitive dyes (VSDs) have been developed. However, reporting spontaneous or small ΔVm from neuronal ramifications has been challenging, in part due to the limited sensitivity and phototoxicity of VSD-based optical measurements. Here we demonstrate the use of water soluble VSD, ANNINE-6plus, with laser-scanning microscopy to optically record ΔVm in cultured neurons. We show that the sensitivity (>10% of fluorescence change for 100 mV depolarization) and time response (sub millisecond) of the dye allows the robust detection of action potentials (APs) even without averaging, allowing the measurement of spontaneous neuronal firing patterns. In addition, we show that back-propagating APs can be recorded, along distinct dendritic sites and within dendritic spines. Importantly, our approach does not induce any detectable phototoxic effect on cultured neurons. This optophysiological approach provides a simple, minimally invasive, and versatile optical method to measure electrical activity in cultured neurons with high temporal (ms) resolution and high spatial (μm) resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Pagès
- Centre de Recherche Université Laval Robert-Giffard, Université Laval Québec, QC, Canada
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Gualtieri EJ, Guo F, Kissick DJ, Jose J, Kuhn RJ, Jiang W, Simpson GJ. Detection of membrane protein two-dimensional crystals in living cells. Biophys J 2011; 100:207-14. [PMID: 21190673 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Revised: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It is notoriously difficult to grow membrane protein crystals and solve membrane protein structures. Improved detection and screening of membrane protein crystals are needed. We have shown here that second-order nonlinear optical imaging of chiral crystals based on second harmonic generation can provide sensitive and selective detection of two-dimensional protein crystalline arrays with sufficiently low background to enable crystal detection within the membranes of live cells. The method was validated using bacteriorhodopsin crystals generated in live Halobacterium halobium bacteria and confirmed by electron microscopy from the isolated crystals. Additional studies of alphavirus glycoproteins indicated the presence of localized crystalline domains associated with virus budding from mammalian cells. These results suggest that in vivo crystallization may provide a means for expediting membrane protein structure determination for proteins exhibiting propensities for two-dimensional crystal formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Gualtieri
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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39
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Second-harmonic generation imaging of membrane potential with retinal analogues. Biophys J 2011; 100:232-42. [PMID: 21190676 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Revised: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Second-harmonic generation (SHG) by membrane-incorporated probes is a nonlinear optical signal that is voltage-sensitive and the basis of a sensitive method for imaging membrane potential. The voltage dependence of SHG by four different probes, three retinoids (all-trans retinal), and two new retinal analogs, 3-methyl-7-(4'-dimethylamino-phenyl)-2,4,6-heptatrienal (AR-3) and 3,7-dimethyl-9-(4'-dimethylamino-phenyl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraenal (AR-4), and a styryl dye (FM4-64), were compared in HEK-293 cells. Results were analyzed by fitting data with an expression based on an electrooptic mechanism for SHG, which depends on the complex-valued first- and second-order nonlinear electric susceptibilities (χ² and χ³) of the probe. This gave values for the voltage sensitivity at the cell's resting potential, the voltage where the SHG is minimal, and the amplitude of the signal at that voltage for each of the four compounds. These measures show that χ² and χ³ are complex numbers for all compounds except all-trans retinal, consistent with the proximities of excitation and/or emission wavelengths to molecular resonances. Estimates of probe orientation and location in the membrane electric field show that, for the far-from-resonance case, the shot noise-limited signal/noise ratio depends on the location of the probe in the membrane, and on χ³ but not on χ².
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40
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Rama S, Vetrivel L, Semyanov A. Second-harmonic generation voltage imaging at subcellular resolution in rat hippocampal slices. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2010; 3:784-790. [PMID: 20815024 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201000073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Action potential (AP) is a major signaling mechanism in the neuronal networks. Dendritic AP propagation is important for information processing within the individual neurons. Due to limitations of electrode-based techniques most research on subcellular AP propagation has been restricted to soma and proximal parts of the primary dendrites. Development of voltage-sensitive dyes (VSD) has opened up a possibility to measure voltage changes in the oblique dendrites and the spines. Membrane-bound organic VSD can be used both for fluorescent imaging and imaging of second-harmonic generation (SHG). Both phenomena are voltage dependent and can be used for measuring membrane potential changes. However, changes in SHG are linear to the change in the local membrane potential and its slope is constant across different compartments of cells. Although SHG demonstrates reasonable change with membrane voltage (over 10% per 100 mV), the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio is currently lower in SHG measurement than in fluorescent methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Rama
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute BSI, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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41
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Stein W, Städele C, Andras P. Single-sweep voltage-sensitive dye imaging of interacting identified neurons. J Neurosci Methods 2010; 194:224-34. [PMID: 20969892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2010.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Revised: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The simultaneous recording of many individual neurons is fundamental to understanding the integral functionality of neural systems. Imaging with voltage-sensitive dyes (VSDs) is a key approach to achieve this goal and a promising technique to supplement electrophysiological recordings. However, the lack of connectivity maps between imaged neurons and the requirement of averaging over repeated trials impede functional interpretations. Here we demonstrate fast, high resolution and single-sweep VSD imaging of identified and synaptically interacting neurons. We show for the first time the optical recording of individual action potentials and mutual inhibitory synaptic input of two key players in the well-characterized pyloric central pattern generator in the crab stomatogastric ganglion (STG). We also demonstrate the presence of individual synaptic potentials from other identified circuit neurons. We argue that imaging of neural networks with identifiable neurons with well-known connectivity, like in the STG, is crucial for the understanding of emergence of network functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Stein
- Institute of Neurobiology, Ulm University, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
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42
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Stein W, Andras P. Light-induced effects of a fluorescent voltage-sensitive dye on neuronal activity in the crab stomatogastric ganglion. J Neurosci Methods 2010; 188:290-4. [PMID: 20226813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2010.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2010] [Revised: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 03/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Optical imaging being one of the cutting-edge methods for the investigation of neural activity, it is very important to understand the mechanisms of how dye molecules work and the range of side effects that they may induce. In particular, it is very important to reveal potential toxic effects and effects impairing the functioning of the investigated neural system. Here, we investigate the effects of illumination in the presence of the commonly used di-4-ANEPPS voltage-sensitive dye on the rhythmic motor pattern generated by the pyloric central pattern generator in the crab stomatogastric nervous system, a model system for motor pattern generation. We report that the dye allows long recording sessions with little bleaching and no obvious damage to the pyloric rhythm. Yet, exciting illumination induced a temporary and reversible change in the phase relationship of the pyloric motor neurons and a concomitant speed-up of the rhythm. The effect was specific to the excitation wavelength of di-4-ANEPPS and only obtained when the neuropile and cell bodies were illuminated. Thus, di-4-ANEPPS acts as a photo-switch that causes a quick and reversible change in the phase relationship of the motor neurons, but no permanent impairment of neuronal function. It may thus also be used as a means to study the maintenance of phase relationships in rhythmic motor patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Stein
- Institute of Neurobiology, Ulm University, Ulm D-89069, Germany.
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43
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Nuriya M, Yasui M. Membrane potential dynamics of axons in cultured hippocampal neurons probed by second-harmonic-generation imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2010; 15:020503. [PMID: 20459217 DOI: 10.1117/1.3365135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The electrical properties of axons critically influence the nature of communication between neurons. However, due to their small size, direct measurement of membrane potential dynamics in intact and complex mammalian axons has been a challenge. Furthermore, quantitative optical measurements of axonal membrane potential dynamics have not been available. To characterize the basic principles of somatic voltage signal propagation in intact axonal arbors, second-harmonic-generation (SHG) imaging is applied to cultured mouse hippocampal neurons. When FM4-64 is applied extracellularly to dissociated neurons, whole axonal arbors are visualized by SHG imaging. Upon action potential generation by somatic current injection, nonattenuating action potentials are recorded in intact axonal arbors. Interestingly, however, both current- and voltage-clamp recordings suggest that nonregenerative subthreshold somatic voltage changes at the soma are poorly conveyed to these axonal sites. These results reveal the nature of membrane potential dynamics of cultured hippocampal neurons, and further show the possibility of SHG imaging in physiological investigations of axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutsuo Nuriya
- Keio University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
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44
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Reeve JE, Anderson HL, Clays K. Dyes for biological second harmonic generation imaging. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:13484-98. [DOI: 10.1039/c003720f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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45
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Barsu C, Cheaib R, Chambert S, Queneau Y, Maury O, Cottet D, Wege H, Douady J, Bretonnière Y, Andraud C. Neutral push-pull chromophores for nonlinear optical imaging of cell membranes. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:142-50. [DOI: 10.1039/b915654b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Paninski L. Fast Kalman filtering on quasilinear dendritic trees. J Comput Neurosci 2009; 28:211-28. [DOI: 10.1007/s10827-009-0200-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2009] [Revised: 11/03/2009] [Accepted: 11/13/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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47
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Wilt BA, Burns LD, Wei Ho ET, Ghosh KK, Mukamel EA, Schnitzer MJ. Advances in light microscopy for neuroscience. Annu Rev Neurosci 2009; 32:435-506. [PMID: 19555292 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.neuro.051508.135540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Since the work of Golgi and Cajal, light microscopy has remained a key tool for neuroscientists to observe cellular properties. Ongoing advances have enabled new experimental capabilities using light to inspect the nervous system across multiple spatial scales, including ultrastructural scales finer than the optical diffraction limit. Other progress permits functional imaging at faster speeds, at greater depths in brain tissue, and over larger tissue volumes than previously possible. Portable, miniaturized fluorescence microscopes now allow brain imaging in freely behaving mice. Complementary progress on animal preparations has enabled imaging in head-restrained behaving animals, as well as time-lapse microscopy studies in the brains of live subjects. Mouse genetic approaches permit mosaic and inducible fluorescence-labeling strategies, whereas intrinsic contrast mechanisms allow in vivo imaging of animals and humans without use of exogenous markers. This review surveys such advances and highlights emerging capabilities of particular interest to neuroscientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Wilt
- James H. Clark Center and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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48
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49
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RAABE I, VOGEL S, PEYCHL J, TOLIĆ-NØRRELYKKE I. Intracellular nanosurgery and cell enucleation using a picosecond laser. J Microsc 2009; 234:1-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2009.03142.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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50
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Reeve JE, Collins HA, Mey KD, Kohl MM, Thorley KJ, Paulsen O, Clays K, Anderson HL. Amphiphilic Porphyrins for Second Harmonic Generation Imaging. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:2758-9. [PMID: 19209855 DOI: 10.1021/ja8061369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James E. Reeve
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K., Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hazel A. Collins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K., Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kurt De Mey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K., Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael M. Kohl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K., Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karl J. Thorley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K., Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ole Paulsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K., Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Clays
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K., Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Harry L. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K., Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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