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Fröse J, Rowley J, Farid AS, Rakhshandehroo T, Leclerc P, Mak H, Allen H, Moravej H, Munaretto L, Millan-Barea L, Codet E, Glockner H, Jacobson C, Hemann M, Rashidian M. Development of an antigen-based approach to noninvasively image CAR T cells in real time and as a predictive tool. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn3816. [PMID: 39292778 PMCID: PMC11409975 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn3816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
CAR T cell therapy has revolutionized the treatment of a spectrum of blood-related malignancies. However, treatment responses vary among cancer types and patients. Accurate monitoring of CAR T cell dynamics is crucial for understanding and evaluating treatment efficacy. Positron emission tomography (PET) offers a comprehensive view of CAR T cell homing, especially in critical organs such as lymphoid structures and bone marrow. This information will help assess treatment response and predict relapse risk. Current PET imaging methods for CAR T require genetic modifications, limiting clinical use. To overcome this, we developed an antigen-based imaging approach enabling whole-body CAR T cell imaging. The probe detects CAR T cells in vivo without affecting their function. In an immunocompetent B cell leukemia model, CAR-PET signal in the spleen predicted early mortality risk. The antigen-based CAR-PET approach allows assessment of CAR T therapy responses without altering established clinical protocols. It seamlessly integrates with FDA-approved and future CAR T cell generations, facilitating broader clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Fröse
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jennifer Rowley
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ali Salehi Farid
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Taha Rakhshandehroo
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Paul Leclerc
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Howard Mak
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Harris Allen
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Heydar Moravej
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Leila Munaretto
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Luis Millan-Barea
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Elisabeth Codet
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hannah Glockner
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Caron Jacobson
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Michael Hemann
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Mohammad Rashidian
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA 94129, USA
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2
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Ramos A, Koch CE, Liu-Lupo Y, Hellinger RD, Kyung T, Abbott KL, Fröse J, Goulet D, Gordon KS, Eidell KP, Leclerc P, Whittaker CA, Larson RC, Muscato AJ, Yates KB, Dubrot J, Doench JG, Regev A, Vander Heiden MG, Maus MV, Manguso RT, Birnbaum ME, Hemann MT. Leukemia-intrinsic determinants of CAR-T response revealed by iterative in vivo genome-wide CRISPR screening. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8048. [PMID: 38052854 PMCID: PMC10698189 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43790-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CAR-T therapy is a promising, novel treatment modality for B-cell malignancies and yet many patients relapse through a variety of means, including loss of CAR-T cells and antigen escape. To investigate leukemia-intrinsic CAR-T resistance mechanisms, we performed genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 loss-of-function screens in an immunocompetent murine model of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) utilizing a modular guide RNA library. We identified IFNγR/JAK/STAT signaling and components of antigen processing and presentation pathway as key mediators of resistance to CAR-T therapy in vivo; intriguingly, loss of this pathway yielded the opposite effect in vitro (sensitized leukemia to CAR-T cells). Transcriptional characterization of this model demonstrated upregulation of these pathways in tumors relapsed after CAR-T treatment, and functional studies showed a surprising role for natural killer (NK) cells in engaging this resistance program. Finally, examination of data from B-ALL patients treated with CAR-T revealed an association between poor outcomes and increased expression of JAK/STAT and MHC-I in leukemia cells. Overall, our data identify an unexpected mechanism of resistance to CAR-T therapy in which tumor cell interaction with the in vivo tumor microenvironment, including NK cells, induces expression of an adaptive, therapy-induced, T-cell resistance program in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azucena Ramos
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Catherine E Koch
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yunpeng Liu-Lupo
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Riley D Hellinger
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Taeyoon Kyung
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Keene L Abbott
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Julia Fröse
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Goulet
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Khloe S Gordon
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Keith P Eidell
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Paul Leclerc
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Charles A Whittaker
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca C Larson
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Immunology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Audrey J Muscato
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02142, USA
| | - Kathleen B Yates
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02142, USA
| | - Juan Dubrot
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02142, USA
- Solid Tumors Program, Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - John G Doench
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02142, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02142, USA
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcela V Maus
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Immunology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02142, USA
- Ragon Institute of MIT, MGH, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Robert T Manguso
- Immunology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02142, USA
| | - Michael E Birnbaum
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael T Hemann
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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3
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Onizuka M, Kikkawa E, Machida S, Toyosaki M, Suzuki R, Ogiya D, Aoyama Y, Amaki J, Harada K, Hara R, Shiraiwa S, Ogawa Y, Kawada H, Ando K. Association of CDKN2A/2B deletion with relapse after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. BLOOD CELL THERAPY 2023; 6:80-86. [PMID: 38146355 PMCID: PMC10749213 DOI: 10.31547/bct-2023-004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The most important prognostic factor for Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ALL) is minimal residual disease (MRD). Previous studies have reported copy number variants of genes such as IKZF1, CDKN2A/2B, and PAX5. These gene mutations can be analyzed using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), which is less costly and easier to perform than large-scale gene mutation analyses. In this study, we performed copy number variant analysis of leukemia cells at the first onset of Ph+ALL in a case series of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) using the MLPA method. We analyzed how it influenced allo-HSCT prognosis together with MRD information. CDKN2A/2B copy number variations significantly increased the rate of post-transplant recurrence (P=0.025) and significantly reduced disease-free survival (P=0.015). Additionally, patients with IKZF1 deletions had a significantly higher post-transplant recurrence rate (P=0.042). Although they were positive for pre-transplant MRD, no relapse was observed in patients with wild-type copy number variations in IKZF1 or CDKN2A/2B. CDKN2A/2B copy number variation is a crucial factor that can be confirmed at initial onset as a post-transplant prognostic factor of Ph+ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Onizuka
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Eri Kikkawa
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Machida
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masako Toyosaki
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Rikio Suzuki
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ogiya
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Aoyama
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jun Amaki
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kaito Harada
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ryujiro Hara
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sawako Shiraiwa
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Ogawa
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawada
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ando
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
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4
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Pillsbury CE, Dougan J, Rabe JL, Fonseca JA, Zhou C, Evans AN, Abukharma H, Ichoku O, Gonzalez-Flamenco G, Park SI, Aljudi A, DeRyckere D, Castellino SM, Rafiq S, Langermann S, Liu LN, Henry CJ, Porter CC. Siglec-15 Promotes Evasion of Adaptive Immunity in B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:1248-1259. [PMID: 37465593 PMCID: PMC10351425 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Siglec-15 (Sig15) has been implicated as an immune checkpoint expressed in solid tumor-infiltrating macrophages and is being targeted in clinical trials with mAbs to normalize the tumor immune microenvironment and stimulate antitumor immunity. However, the role of Sig15 in hematologic malignancies remains undefined. Sig15 mRNA and protein expression levels in hematologic malignancies were determined from publicly available databases, cell lines, and primary patient samples. Human B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) cell lines were used to identify signaling pathways involved in the regulation of Sig15 expression. Secreted/soluble Sig15 and cytokine levels were measured from the plasma of children with leukemia and healthy controls. Knockdown and knockout of Siglec15 in a murine model of B-ALL was used to evaluate the effect of leukemia-derived Sig15 on the immune response to leukemia. We observed pathologic overexpression of Sig15 in a variety of hematologic malignancies, including primary B-ALL samples. This overexpression was driven by NFκB activation, which also increased the surface localization of Sig15. Secreted/soluble Sig15 was found to circulate at elevated levels in the plasma of children with B-ALL and correlated with an immune-suppressive cytokine milieu. Genetic inhibition of Sig15 in murine B-ALL promoted clearance of the leukemia by the immune system and a marked reversal of the immune-privileged leukemia bone marrow niche, including expanded early effector CD8+ T cells and reduction of immunosuppressive cytokines. Thus, Sig15 is a novel, potent immunosuppressive molecule active in leukemia that may be targeted therapeutically to activate T lymphocytes against leukemia cells. Significance We demonstrate that Sig15 is overexpressed in hematologic malignancies driven by NFκB, is required for immune evasion in a mouse model of leukemia, and, for the first time, that it circulates at high levels in the plasma of children with leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E. Pillsbury
- Cancer Biology Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jodi Dougan
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jennifer L. Rabe
- Molecular Biology Program, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jairo A. Fonseca
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Chengjing Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Alyssa N. Evans
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | | | - Sunita I. Park
- Clinical Laboratory, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ahmed Aljudi
- Clinical Laboratory, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Deborah DeRyckere
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sharon M. Castellino
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sarwish Rafiq
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | - Curtis J. Henry
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Christopher C. Porter
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
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5
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Ghelli Luserna di Rorà A, Jandoubi M, Martinelli G, Simonetti G. Targeting Proliferation Signals and the Cell Cycle Machinery in Acute Leukemias: Novel Molecules on the Horizon. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031224. [PMID: 36770891 PMCID: PMC9920029 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled proliferative signals and cell cycle dysregulation due to genomic or functional alterations are important drivers of the expansion of undifferentiated blast cells in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells. Therefore, they are largely studied as potential therapeutic targets in the field. We here present the most recent advancements in the evaluation of novel compounds targeting cell cycle proteins or oncogenic mechanisms, including those showing an antiproliferative effect in acute leukemia, independently of the identification of a specific target. Several new kinase inhibitors have been synthesized that showed effectiveness in a nanomolar to micromolar concentration range as inhibitors of FLT3 and its mutant forms, a highly attractive therapeutic target due to its driver role in a significant fraction of AML cases. Moreover, we introduce novel molecules functioning as microtubule-depolymerizing or P53-restoring agents, G-quadruplex-stabilizing molecules and CDK2, CHK1, PI3Kδ, STAT5, BRD4 and BRPF1 inhibitors. We here discuss their mechanisms of action, including the downstream intracellular changes induced by in vitro treatment, hematopoietic toxicity, in vivo bio-availability and efficacy in murine xenograft models. The promising activity profile demonstrated by some of these candidates deserves further development towards clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ghelli Luserna di Rorà
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy
- Fondazione Pisana per Scienza ONLUS, 56017 San Giuliano Terme, Italy
| | - Mouna Jandoubi
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Giorgia Simonetti
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy
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6
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Fernandes MB, Barata JT. IL-7 and IL-7R in health and disease: An update through COVID times. Adv Biol Regul 2023; 87:100940. [PMID: 36503870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2022.100940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The role of IL-7 and IL-7R for normal lymphoid development and an adequately functioning immune system has been recognized for long, with severe immune deficiency and lymphoid leukemia as extreme examples of the consequences of deregulation of the IL-7-IL-7R axis. In this review, we provide an update (focusing on the past couple of years) on IL-7 and IL-7R in health and disease. We highlight the findings on IL-7/IL-7R signaling mechanisms and the, sometimes controversial, impact of IL-7 and its receptor on leukocyte biology, COVID-19, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and different solid tumors, as well as their relevance as therapeutic tools or targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta B Fernandes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João T Barata
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal.
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7
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Schirripa A, Sexl V, Kollmann K. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors in malignant hematopoiesis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:916682. [PMID: 36033505 PMCID: PMC9403899 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.916682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell-cycle is a tightly orchestrated process where sequential steps guarantee cellular growth linked to a correct DNA replication. The entire cell division is controlled by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). CDK activation is balanced by the activating cyclins and CDK inhibitors whose correct expression, accumulation and degradation schedule the time-flow through the cell cycle phases. Dysregulation of the cell cycle regulatory proteins causes the loss of a controlled cell division and is inevitably linked to neoplastic transformation. Due to their function as cell-cycle brakes, CDK inhibitors are considered as tumor suppressors. The CDK inhibitors p16INK4a and p15INK4b are among the most frequently altered genes in cancer, including hematopoietic malignancies. Aberrant cell cycle regulation in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) bears severe consequences on hematopoiesis and provokes hematological disorders with a broad array of symptoms. In this review, we focus on the importance and prevalence of deregulated CDK inhibitors in hematological malignancies.
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8
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Finch ER, Janke LJ, Li L, Payton MA, Jenkins DA, Crews KR, Relling MV, Karol SE. Dasatinib does not exacerbate dexamethasone-induced osteonecrosis in murine models of acute lymphoblastic leukemia therapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022; 69:e29490. [PMID: 34866312 PMCID: PMC8860849 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are clinical reports that the incorporation of dasatinib may increase the frequency of osteonecrosis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treatment regimens. No rigorous testing of this hypothesis is available to guide clinicians. METHODS We tested whether oral dasatinib increased the frequency of dexamethasone-induced osteonecrosis in a murine model and tested its effects on dexamethasone's antileukemic efficacy in a murine BCR-ABL+ model of ALL. RESULTS Dasatinib did not change the frequency of osteonecrosis (p = .99) nor of arteriopathy (p = .36) in dexamethasone-treated mice when given at dosages that achieved clinically relevant steady-state dasatinib plasma concentrations of 53.1 ng/ml (95% CI: 43.5-57.3 ng/ml). These dasatinib exposures were not associated with increased dexamethasone plasma exposure in nonleukemia-bearing mice. These same dosages were not associated with any decrement in antileukemic efficacy of dexamethasone in a responsive BCR-ABL+ model of ALL. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results of our preclinical murine studies, we conclude that dasatinib is unlikely to increase the osteonecrotic effects of dexamethasone in ALL regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R. Finch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Laura J. Janke
- Department of Pathology, Division of Comparative Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Lie Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Monique A. Payton
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - David A. Jenkins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Kristine R. Crews
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Mary V. Relling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Seth E. Karol
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
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9
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Dalin S, Grauman-Boss B, Lauffenburger DA, Hemann MT. Collateral responses to classical cytotoxic chemotherapies are heterogeneous and sensitivities are sparse. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5453. [PMID: 35361803 PMCID: PMC8971507 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09319-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy resistance is a major obstacle to curing cancer patients. Combination drug regimens have shown promise as a method to overcome resistance; however, to date only some cancers have been cured with this method. Collateral sensitivity-the phenomenon whereby resistance to one drug is co-occurrent with sensitivity to a second drug-has been gaining traction as a promising new concept to guide rational design of combination regimens. Here we evolved over 100 subclones of the Eµ-Myc; p19ARF-/- cell line to be resistant to one of four classical chemotherapy agents: doxorubicin, vincristine, paclitaxel, and cisplatin. We then surveyed collateral responses to acquisition of resistance to these agents. Although numerous collateral sensitivities have been documented for antibiotics and targeted cancer therapies, we observed only one collateral sensitivity: half of cell lines that acquired resistance to paclitaxel also acquired a collateral sensitivity to verapamil. However, we found that the mechanism of this collateral sensitivity was unrelated to the mechanism of paclitaxel resistance. Interestingly, we observed heterogeneity in the phenotypic response to acquisition of resistance to most of the drugs we tested, most notably for paclitaxel, suggesting the existence of multiple different states of resistance. Surprisingly, this phenotypic heterogeneity in paclitaxel resistant cell lines was unrelated to transcriptomic heterogeneity among those cell lines. These features of phenotypic and transcriptomic heterogeneity must be taken into account in future studies of treated tumor subclones and in design of chemotherapy combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Dalin
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Beatrice Grauman-Boss
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Room: 16-343, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Michael T Hemann
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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10
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Dickerson KM, Qu C, Gao Q, Iacobucci I, Gu Z, Yoshihara H, Backhaus EA, Chang Y, Janke LJ, Xu B, Wu G, Papachristou EK, D'Santos CS, Roberts KG, Mullighan CG. ZNF384 fusion oncoproteins drive lineage aberrancy in acute leukemia. Blood Cancer Discov 2022; 3:240-263. [PMID: 35247902 DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-21-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ZNF384-rearranged fusion oncoproteins (FO) define a subset of lineage ambiguous leukemias, but their mechanistic role in leukemogenesis and lineage ambiguity is poorly understood. Using viral expression in mouse and human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and a Ep300::Znf384 knockin mouse model, we show that ZNF384 FO promote hematopoietic expansion, myeloid lineage skewing, and self-renewal. In mouse HSPCs, concomitant lesions, such as NRASG12D, were required for fully penetrant leukemia, whereas in human HSPCs expression of ZNF384 FO drove B/myeloid leukemia, with sensitivity of a ZNF384-rearranged xenograft to FLT3 inhibition in vivo. Mechanistically, ZNF384 FO occupy a subset of predominantly intragenic/enhancer regions with increased histone 3 lysine acetylation and deregulate expression of hematopoietic stem cell transcription factors. These data define a paradigm for FO-driven lineage ambiguous leukemia, in which expression in HSPCs results in deregulation of lineage-specific genes and hematopoietic skewing, progressing to full leukemia in the context of proliferative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chunxu Qu
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Qingsong Gao
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Ilaria Iacobucci
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Zhaohui Gu
- City Of Hope National Medical Center, United States
| | | | - Emily A Backhaus
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Yunchao Chang
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Laura J Janke
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Beisi Xu
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Gang Wu
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | | | - Clive S D'Santos
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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11
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Lee M, Hamilton JAG, Talekar GR, Ross AJ, Michael L, Rupji M, Dwivedi B, Raikar SS, Boss J, Scharer CD, Graham DK, DeRyckere D, Porter CC, Henry CJ. Obesity-induced galectin-9 is a therapeutic target in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1157. [PMID: 35241678 PMCID: PMC8894417 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28839-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of obesity is rising with greater than 40% of the world’s population expected to be overweight or suffering from obesity by 2030. This is alarming because obesity increases mortality rates in patients with various cancer subtypes including leukemia. The survival differences between lean patients and patients with obesity are largely attributed to altered drug pharmacokinetics in patients receiving chemotherapy; whereas, the direct impact of an adipocyte-enriched microenvironment on cancer cells is rarely considered. Here we show that the adipocyte secretome upregulates the surface expression of Galectin-9 (GAL-9) on human B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells (B-ALL) which promotes chemoresistance. Antibody-mediated targeting of GAL-9 on B-ALL cells induces DNA damage, alters cell cycle progression, and promotes apoptosis in vitro and significantly extends the survival of obese but not lean mice with aggressive B-ALL. Our studies reveal that adipocyte-mediated upregulation of GAL-9 on B-ALL cells can be targeted with antibody-based therapies to overcome obesity-induced chemoresistance. Obesity has been reported to promote tumourigenesis and chemoresistance but the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. Here, the authors show that adipocytes induce Galectin-9 (GAL-9) expression in B-acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL) cells which leads to chemoresistance and antibody-mediated blockade of GAL-9 increases survival in preclinical B-ALL murine models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyoung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jamie A G Hamilton
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ganesh R Talekar
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anthony J Ross
- Riley Pediatric Cancer and Blood Diseases, Riley Children's Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, IN, USA
| | | | - Manali Rupji
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bhakti Dwivedi
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sunil S Raikar
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jeremy Boss
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christopher D Scharer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Douglas K Graham
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Deborah DeRyckere
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christopher C Porter
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Curtis J Henry
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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12
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Li C, Zhao X, He Y, Li Z, Qian J, Zhang L, Ye Q, Qiu F, Lian P, Qian M, Zhang H. The functional role of inherited CDKN2A variants in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2022; 32:43-50. [PMID: 34369425 PMCID: PMC8694244 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0000000000000451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genetic alterations in CDKN2A tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 9p21 confer a predisposition to childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Genome-wide association studies have identified missense variants in CDKN2A associated with the development of ALL. This study systematically evaluated the effects of CDKN2A coding variants on ALL risk. METHODS We genotyped the CDKN2A coding region in 308 childhood ALL cases enrolled in CCCG-ALL-2015 clinical trials by Sanger Sequencing. Cell growth assay, cell cycle assay, MTT-based cell toxicity assay, and western blot were performed to assess the CDKN2A coding variants on ALL predisposition. RESULTS We identified 10 novel exonic germline variants, including 6 missense mutations (p.A21V, p.G45A and p.V115L of p16INK4A; p.T31R, p.R90G, and p.R129L of p14ARF) and 1 nonsense mutation and 1 heterozygous termination codon mutation in exon 2 (p16INK4A p.S129X). Functional studies indicate that five novel variants resulted in reduced tumor suppressor activity of p16INK4A, and increased the susceptibility to the leukemic transformation of hematopoietic progenitor cells. Compared to other variants, p.H142R contributes higher sensitivity to CDK4/6 inhibitors. CONCLUSION These findings provide direct insight into the influence of inherited genetic variants at the CDKN2A coding region on the development of ALL and the precise clinical application of CDK4/6 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjie Li
- Department of Hematology/Oncology
- Institute of Pediatrics, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou
| | - Xinying Zhao
- Department of Hematology/Oncology
- Institute of Pediatrics, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou
| | | | - Ziping Li
- Department of Hematology/Oncology
- Institute of Pediatrics, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou
| | - Jiabi Qian
- Department of Hematology/Oncology
- Institute of Pediatrics, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Hematology/Oncology
| | - Qian Ye
- Department of Hematology/Oncology
| | - Fei Qiu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Peng Lian
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Maoxiang Qian
- Institute of Pediatrics and Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center, the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Exploring the oncogenic and therapeutic target potential of the MYB-TYK2 fusion gene in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:1140-1152. [PMID: 35022522 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00421-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
TYK2-rearrangements have recently been identified in high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (HR-ALL) cases and are associated with poor outcome. Current understanding of the leukemogenic potential and therapeutic targetability of activating TYK2 alterations in the ALL setting is unclear, thus further investigations are warranted. Consequently, we developed in vitro, and for the first time, in vivo models of B-cell ALL from a patient harboring the MYB-TYK2 fusion gene. These models revealed JAK/STAT signaling activation and the oncogenic potential of the MYB-TYK2 fusion gene in isolation. High throughput screening identified the HDAC inhibitor, vorinostat and the HSP90 inhibitor, tanespimycin plus the JAK inhibitor, cerdulatinib as the most effective agents against cells expressing the MYB-TYK2 alteration. Evaluation of vorinostat and cerdulatinib in pre-clinical models of MYB-TYK2-rearranged ALL demonstrated that both drugs exhibited anti-leukemic effects and reduced the disease burden in treated mice. Importantly, these findings indicate that activating TYK2 alterations can function as driver oncogenes rather than passenger or secondary events in disease development. In addition, our data provide evidence for use of vorinostat and cerdulatinib in the treatment regimens of patients with this rare yet aggressive type of high-risk ALL that warrants further investigation in the clinical setting.
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14
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Degrading JAK2 in ALL by ruxolitinib-based PROTACs. Blood 2021; 138:2301-2302. [PMID: 34882211 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021012004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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15
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Bent EH, Millán-Barea LR, Zhuang I, Goulet DR, Fröse J, Hemann MT. Microenvironmental IL-6 inhibits anti-cancer immune responses generated by cytotoxic chemotherapy. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6218. [PMID: 34711820 PMCID: PMC8553783 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26407-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic chemotherapeutics primarily function through DNA damage-induced tumor cell apoptosis, although the inflammation provoked by these agents can stimulate anti-cancer immune responses. The mechanisms that control these distinct effects and limit immunogenic responses to DNA-damage mediated cell death in vivo are currently unclear. Using a mouse model of BCR-ABL+ B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, we show that chemotherapy-induced anti-cancer immunity is suppressed by the tumor microenvironment through production of the cytokine IL-6. The chemotherapeutic doxorubicin is curative in IL-6-deficient mice through the induction of CD8+ T-cell-mediated anti-cancer responses, while moderately extending lifespan in wild type tumor-bearing mice. We also show that IL-6 suppresses the effectiveness of immune-checkpoint inhibition with anti-PD-L1 blockade. Our results suggest that IL-6 is a key regulator of anti-cancer immune responses induced by genotoxic stress and that its inhibition can switch cancer cell clearance from primarily apoptotic to immunogenic, promoting and maintaining durable anti-tumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric H Bent
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Luis R Millán-Barea
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Iris Zhuang
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Daniel R Goulet
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Julia Fröse
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Michael T Hemann
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA. .,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
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16
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Janke LJ, Kim J, Payton MA, Jenkins DA, Cai X, Finch ER, Liu Y, Relling MV, Karol SE. Effects of zoledronic acid on osteonecrosis and acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment efficacy in preclinical models. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2021; 68:e29183. [PMID: 34121318 PMCID: PMC8384719 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteonecrosis is a devastating side effect of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) therapy. Associations between bone density loss and osteonecrosis have sparked interest in using bisphosphonates to reduce this complication. PROCEDURE We assessed the impact of zoledronic acid (ZA) on the development of osteonecrosis in murine models when used either throughout therapy (continuous administration) or late in therapy after vascular lesions have developed but before osteonecrosis has occurred. Effects on bone density were measured using microcomputed tomography (μCT)-assessed tibial cortical thickness, while osteonecrosis was assessed histologically in the distal femur. Effects on antileukemic efficacy of chemotherapy were evaluated in both immunocompetent/syngeneic and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. RESULTS Continuous administration of ZA with chemotherapy prevented chemotherapy-associated bone loss (p < .001) and reduced osteonecrosis (p = .048). Late initiation of ZA diminished bone loss (p < .001) but had no impact on the development of osteonecrosis (p = .93). In the immunocompetent murine ALL model, mice treated with ZA and chemotherapy succumbed to leukemia sooner than mice treated with chemotherapy alone (p = .046). Analysis using PDX showed a nonsignificant decrease in survival with ZA (p = .17). CONCLUSION Our data indicate ZA may prevent osteonecrosis if begun with chemotherapy but showed no benefit when administered later in therapy. However, ZA may also reduce the antileukemic efficacy of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J. Janke
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Jieun Kim
- Center for In Vivo Imaging and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Monique A. Payton
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - David A. Jenkins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Xiangjun Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Emily R. Finch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Yiwei Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Mary V. Relling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Seth E. Karol
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
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17
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Dawes JC, Uren AG. Forward and Reverse Genetics of B Cell Malignancies: From Insertional Mutagenesis to CRISPR-Cas. Front Immunol 2021; 12:670280. [PMID: 34484175 PMCID: PMC8414522 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.670280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer genome sequencing has identified dozens of mutations with a putative role in lymphomagenesis and leukemogenesis. Validation of driver mutations responsible for B cell neoplasms is complicated by the volume of mutations worthy of investigation and by the complex ways that multiple mutations arising from different stages of B cell development can cooperate. Forward and reverse genetic strategies in mice can provide complementary validation of human driver genes and in some cases comparative genomics of these models with human tumors has directed the identification of new drivers in human malignancies. We review a collection of forward genetic screens performed using insertional mutagenesis, chemical mutagenesis and exome sequencing and discuss how the high coverage of subclonal mutations in insertional mutagenesis screens can identify cooperating mutations at rates not possible using human tumor genomes. We also compare a set of independently conducted screens from Pax5 mutant mice that converge upon a common set of mutations observed in human acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We also discuss reverse genetic models and screens that use CRISPR-Cas, ORFs and shRNAs to provide high throughput in vivo proof of oncogenic function, with an emphasis on models using adoptive transfer of ex vivo cultured cells. Finally, we summarize mouse models that offer temporal regulation of candidate genes in an in vivo setting to demonstrate the potential of their encoded proteins as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna C Dawes
- Medical Research Council, London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom.,Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony G Uren
- Medical Research Council, London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom.,Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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18
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Finch ER, Payton MA, Jenkins DA, Cai X, Li L, Karol SE, Relling MV, Janke LJ. Fenofibrate reduces osteonecrosis without affecting antileukemic efficacy in dexamethasone-treated mice. Haematologica 2021; 106:2095-2101. [PMID: 32675219 PMCID: PMC8327737 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2020.252767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent clinical trials in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) indicate that severe hypertriglyceridemia (>1000 mg/dL) during therapy is associated with an increased frequency of symptomatic osteonecrosis. Interventions to lower triglycerides have been considered, but there have been no preclinical studies investigating the impact of lowering triglycerides on osteonecrosis risk, nor whether such interventions interfere with the antileukemic efficacy of ALL treatment. We utilized our clinically relevant mouse model of dexamethasoneinduced osteonecrosis to determine whether fenofibrate decreased osteonecrosis. To test whether fenofibrate affected the antileukemic efficacy of dexamethasone, we utilized a BCR-ABL+ model of ALL. Serum triglycerides were reduced by fenofibrate throughout the period of treatment, with the most pronounced, 4.5-fold, decrease at week 3 (P<1x10-6). Both frequency (33% vs. 74%, P=0.006) and severity (median necrosis score of 0 vs. 75; P=6x10-5) of osteonecrosis were reduced with fenofibrate. Fenofibrate had no impact on BCR-ABL+ ALL survival (P=0.65) nor on the antileukemic properties of dexamethasone (P=0.49). These data suggest that lowering triglycerides with fenofibrate reduces dexamethasone- induced osteonecrosis while maintaining antileukemic efficacy, and thus may be considered for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Finch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Monique A Payton
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - David A Jenkins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Xiangjun Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lie Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Seth E Karol
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mary V Relling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Laura J Janke
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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19
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Hamilton JAG, Lee MY, Hunter R, Ank RS, Story JY, Talekar G, Sisroe T, Ballak DB, Fedanov A, Porter CC, Eisenmesser EZ, Dinarello CA, Raikar SS, DeGregori J, Henry CJ. Interleukin-37 improves T-cell-mediated immunity and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in aged backgrounds. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13309. [PMID: 33480151 PMCID: PMC7884049 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging‐associated declines in innate and adaptive immune responses are well documented and pose a risk for the growing aging population, which is predicted to comprise greater than 40 percent of the world's population by 2050. Efforts have been made to improve immunity in aged populations; however, safe and effective protocols to accomplish this goal have not been universally established. Aging‐associated chronic inflammation is postulated to compromise immunity in aged mice and humans. Interleukin‐37 (IL‐37) is a potent anti‐inflammatory cytokine, and we present data demonstrating that IL‐37 gene expression levels in human monocytes significantly decline with age. Furthermore, we demonstrate that transgenic expression of interleukin‐37 (IL‐37) in aged mice reduces or prevents aging‐associated chronic inflammation, splenomegaly, and accumulation of myeloid cells (macrophages and dendritic cells) in the bone marrow and spleen. Additionally, we show that IL‐37 expression decreases the surface expression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) and augments cytokine production from aged T‐cells. Improved T‐cell function coincided with a youthful restoration of Pdcd1, Lat, and Stat4 gene expression levels in CD4+ T‐cells and Lat in CD8+ T‐cells when aged mice were treated with recombinant IL‐37 (rIL‐37) but not control immunoglobin (Control Ig). Importantly, IL‐37‐mediated rejuvenation of aged endogenous T‐cells was also observed in aged chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cells, where improved function significantly extended the survival of mice transplanted with leukemia cells. Collectively, these data demonstrate the potency of IL‐37 in boosting the function of aged T‐cells and highlight its therapeutic potential to overcome aging‐associated immunosenescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A. G. Hamilton
- Department of Pediatrics Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta Atlanta GA USA
| | - Miyoung Y. Lee
- Department of Pediatrics Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta Atlanta GA USA
| | - Rae Hunter
- Department of Pediatrics Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta Atlanta GA USA
| | - Raira S. Ank
- Department of Pediatrics Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta Atlanta GA USA
| | - Jamie Y. Story
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta Atlanta GA USA
- Molecular and Systems Pharmacology Graduate Program Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences Laney Graduate School Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA
| | - Ganesh Talekar
- Department of Pediatrics Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta Atlanta GA USA
| | | | - Dov B. Ballak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA
- Department of Medicine Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Andrew Fedanov
- Department of Pediatrics Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta Atlanta GA USA
| | - Christopher C. Porter
- Department of Pediatrics Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta Atlanta GA USA
| | - Elan Z. Eisenmesser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA
| | - Charles A. Dinarello
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA
- Department of Medicine Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Sunil S. Raikar
- Department of Pediatrics Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta Atlanta GA USA
| | - James DeGregori
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA
- Department of Medicine University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA
- Department of Pediatrics University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA
| | - Curtis J. Henry
- Department of Pediatrics Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta Atlanta GA USA
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20
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González-Gil C, Ribera J, Ribera JM, Genescà E. The Yin and Yang-Like Clinical Implications of the CDKN2A/ARF/CDKN2B Gene Cluster in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12010079. [PMID: 33435487 PMCID: PMC7827355 DOI: 10.3390/genes12010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant clonal expansion of lymphoid hematopoietic precursors that exhibit developmental arrest at varying stages of differentiation. Similar to what occurs in solid cancers, transformation of normal hematopoietic precursors is governed by a multistep oncogenic process that drives initiation, clonal expansion and metastasis. In this process, alterations in genes encoding proteins that govern processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and growth provide us with some of the clearest mechanistic insights into how and why cancer arises. In such a scenario, deletions in the 9p21.3 cluster involving CDKN2A/ARF/CDKN2B genes arise as one of the oncogenic hallmarks of ALL. Deletions in this region are the most frequent structural alteration in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and account for roughly 30% of copy number alterations found in B-cell-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL). Here, we review the literature concerning the involvement of the CDKN2A/B genes as a prognosis marker of good or bad response in the two ALL subtypes (BCP-ALL and T-ALL). We compare frequencies observed in studies performed on several ALL cohorts (adult and child), which mainly consider genetic data produced by genomic techniques. We also summarize what we have learned from mouse models designed to evaluate the functional involvement of the gene cluster in ALL development and in relapse/resistance to treatment. Finally, we examine the range of possibilities for targeting the abnormal function of the protein-coding genes of this cluster and their potential to act as anti-leukemic agents in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia González-Gil
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Campus ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08916 Badalona, Spain; (C.G.-G.); (J.R.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Jordi Ribera
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Campus ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08916 Badalona, Spain; (C.G.-G.); (J.R.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Josep Maria Ribera
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Campus ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08916 Badalona, Spain; (C.G.-G.); (J.R.); (J.M.R.)
- Clinical Hematology Department, ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Eulàlia Genescà
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Campus ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08916 Badalona, Spain; (C.G.-G.); (J.R.); (J.M.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93-557-28-08
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21
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Genetic Alterations in the INK4a/ARF Locus: Effects on Melanoma Development and Progression. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10101447. [PMID: 33076392 PMCID: PMC7602651 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic alterations in the INK4a/ARF (or CDKN2A) locus have been reported in many cancer types, including melanoma; head and neck squamous cell carcinomas; lung, breast, and pancreatic cancers. In melanoma, loss of function CDKN2A alterations have been identified in approximately 50% of primary melanomas, in over 75% of metastatic melanomas, and in the germline of 40% of families with a predisposition to cutaneous melanoma. The CDKN2A locus encodes two critical tumor suppressor proteins, the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p16INK4a and the p53 regulator p14ARF. The majority of CDKN2A alterations in melanoma selectively target p16INK4a or affect the coding sequence of both p16INK4a and p14ARF. There is also a subset of less common somatic and germline INK4a/ARF alterations that affect p14ARF, while not altering the syntenic p16INK4a coding regions. In this review, we describe the frequency and types of somatic alterations affecting the CDKN2A locus in melanoma and germline CDKN2A alterations in familial melanoma, and their functional consequences in melanoma development. We discuss the clinical implications of CDKN2A inactivating alterations and their influence on treatment response and resistance.
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22
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Kattan WE, Hancock JF. RAS Function in cancer cells: translating membrane biology and biochemistry into new therapeutics. Biochem J 2020; 477:2893-2919. [PMID: 32797215 PMCID: PMC7891675 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The three human RAS proteins are mutated and constitutively activated in ∼20% of cancers leading to cell growth and proliferation. For the past three decades, many attempts have been made to inhibit these proteins with little success. Recently; however, multiple methods have emerged to inhibit KRAS, the most prevalently mutated isoform. These methods and the underlying biology will be discussed in this review with a special focus on KRAS-plasma membrane interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa E. Kattan
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, TX 77030, USA
| | - John F. Hancock
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, TX 77030, USA
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23
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Ding H, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Yu J, Liu M, Li X, Xu L, Lin M, Liu C, He Z, Chen S, Jiang H. Systematic Analysis of Drug Vulnerabilities Conferred by Tumor Suppressor Loss. Cell Rep 2020; 27:3331-3344.e6. [PMID: 31189115 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to oncogene inhibition, targeting tumor suppressor deficiency could provide potential venues for precision cancer medicine. However, the full spectrum of drug vulnerability conferred by tumor suppressor loss remains unclear. We systematically analyzed how loss of 59 common tumor suppressors each affected cellular sensitivity to 26 different types of anticancer therapeutics. The experiments were performed in a one-gene, one-drug manner, and through such a large gene-drug iteration study, we were able to generate a drug sensitivity map that describes numerous examples of drug resistance or hypersensitivity conferred by tumor suppressor loss. We further delineated the mechanisms of several gene-drug interactions, showing that loss of tumor suppressors could modify drug sensitivity at various steps of drug action. This systematic drug sensitivity map highlights potential drug vulnerabilities associated with tumor suppressor loss, which may help expand precision cancer medicine on the basis of tumor suppressor status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Mingxian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiaoxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Liang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Minghui Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhengjin He
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shishuang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
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24
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Sun DL, Poddar S, Pan RD, Rosser EW, Abt ER, Van Valkenburgh J, Le TM, Lok V, Hernandez SP, Song J, Li J, Turlik A, Chen X, Cheng CA, Chen W, Mona CE, Stuparu AD, Vergnes L, Reue K, Damoiseaux R, Zink JI, Czernin J, Donahue TR, Houk KN, Jung ME, Radu CG. Isoquinoline thiosemicarbazone displays potent anticancer activity with in vivo efficacy against aggressive leukemias. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:392-410. [PMID: 33479645 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00594c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A potent class of isoquinoline-based α-N-heterocyclic carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (HCT) compounds has been rediscovered; based upon this scaffold, three series of antiproliferative agents were synthesized through iterative rounds of methylation and fluorination modifications, with anticancer activities being potentiated by physiologically relevant levels of copper. The lead compound, HCT-13, was highly potent against a panel of pancreatic, small cell lung carcinoma, prostate cancer, and leukemia models, with IC50 values in the low-to-mid nanomolar range. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations showed that fluorination at the 6-position of HCT-13 was beneficial for ligand-copper complex formation, stability, and ease of metal-center reduction. Through a chemical genomics screen, we identify DNA damage response/replication stress response (DDR/RSR) pathways, specifically those mediated by ataxia-telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein kinase (ATR), as potential compensatory mechanism(s) of action following HCT-13 treatment. We further show that the cytotoxicity of HCT-13 is copper-dependent, that it promotes mitochondrial electron transport chain (mtETC) dysfunction, induces production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and selectively depletes guanosine nucleotide pools. Lastly, we identify metabolic hallmarks for therapeutic target stratification and demonstrate the in vivo efficacy of HCT-13 against aggressive models of acute leukemias in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Sun
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA . .,Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA .
| | - Soumya Poddar
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA . .,Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA
| | - Roy D Pan
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA . .,Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA .
| | - Ethan W Rosser
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA . .,Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA .
| | - Evan R Abt
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA . .,Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA
| | - Juno Van Valkenburgh
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA . .,Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA .
| | - Thuc M Le
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA . .,Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA
| | - Vincent Lok
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA .
| | - Selena P Hernandez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA .
| | - Janet Song
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA .
| | - Joanna Li
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA .
| | - Aneta Turlik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA .
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA .
| | - Chi-An Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA . .,Department of Bioengineering , University of California, Los Angeles , CA 90095 , USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA .
| | - Christine E Mona
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA . .,Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA
| | - Andreea D Stuparu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA . .,Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA
| | - Laurent Vergnes
- Department of Human Genetics , David Geffen School of Medicine , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA
| | - Karen Reue
- Department of Human Genetics , David Geffen School of Medicine , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA.,Molecular Biology Institute , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA
| | - Robert Damoiseaux
- UCLA Metabolomic Center , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA
| | - Jeffrey I Zink
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA .
| | - Johannes Czernin
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA . .,Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA
| | - Timothy R Donahue
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA . .,Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA.,Department of Surgery , University of California, Los Angeles , CA 90095 , USA
| | - Kendall N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA .
| | - Michael E Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA .
| | - Caius G Radu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA . .,Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA
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25
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Annu K, Cline C, Yasuda K, Ganguly S, Pesch A, Cooper B, Janke L, Payton M, Mukherjee K, Surman SL, Hurwitz JL, Schuetz EG. Role of Vitamins A and D in BCR-ABL Arf -/- Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2359. [PMID: 32047189 PMCID: PMC7012907 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59101-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of vitamin A and/or vitamin D deficiency were studied in an Arf-/- BCR-ABL acute lymphoblastic leukemia murine model. Vitamin D sufficient mice died earlier (p = 0.003) compared to vitamin D deficient (VDD) mice. Vitamin A deficient (VAD) mice fared worst with more rapid disease progression and decreased survival. Mice deficient for vitamins A and D (VADD) had disease progression similar to VAD mice. Regulatory T cells, previously shown to associate with poor BCR-ABL leukemia control, were present at higher frequencies among CD4+ splenocytes of vitamin A deficient vs. sufficient mice. In vitro studies demonstrated 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2VD3) increased the number of BCR-ABL ALL cells only when co-cultured with bone marrow stroma. 1,25(OH)2VD3 induced CXCL12 expression in vivo and in vitro in stromal cells and CXCL12 increased stromal migration and the number of BCR-ABL blasts. Vitamin D plus leukemia reprogrammed the marrow increasing production of collagens, potentially trapping ALL blasts. Vitamin A (all trans retinoic acid, ATRA) treated leukemic cells had increased apoptosis, decreased cells in S-phase, and increased cells in G0/G1. ATRA signaled through the retinoid X receptor to decrease BCR-ABL leukemic cell viability. In conclusion, vitamin A and D deficiencies have opposing effects on mouse survival from BCR-ABL ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavya Annu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Cynthia Cline
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kazuto Yasuda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Samit Ganguly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Andrea Pesch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Brittany Cooper
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Laura Janke
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Monique Payton
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kamalika Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sherri L Surman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Julia L Hurwitz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Erin G Schuetz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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26
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Yu Q, Zhou J, Jian Y, Xiu Z, Xiang L, Yang D, Zeng W. MicroRNA-214 suppresses cell proliferation and migration and cell metabolism by targeting PDK2 and PHF6 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:117-126. [PMID: 31329335 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
MiR-214 has been reported to act as a tumor suppressor or oncogene involved in various malignancies. However, the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of miR-214 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) still remain unclear. Previous studies suggest that pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 (PDK2) and plant homeodomain finger protein 6 (PHF6) may be involved in some tumor cell proliferation and migration. Therefore, we studied the relationship between PDK2/PHF6 and miR-214. The expression of miR-214, PDK2, and PHF6 was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in HCC tissues and cell lines. The Luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm the interaction between miR-214 and PDK2/PHF6. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration were evaluated by cell counting kit-8 assay, flow cytometry, and transwell assay, respectively. The expressions levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and E-cadherin were detected via immunofluorescence assay. Here, we found that the expression of miR-214 decreased in HCC and was negatively correlated with PDK2 and PHF6. Moreover, PDK2 and PHF6 were the direct targets of miR-214 in HCC cells. Functional analysis showed that knockdown of PDK2 or PHF6 as well as miR-214 overexpression significantly suppressed cell proliferation and migration in HCC cells. Furthermore, we found that the suppression of cell proliferation and migration through PDK2 or PHF6 knockdown could be partially reversed by miR-214 down-regulation. Moreover, we demonstrated a decrease of mesenchymal cell marker α-SMA and increase of the epithelial marker E-cadherin after miR-214 overexpression, PDK2 knockdown or PHF6 knockdown, respectively, which also suggested that cell proliferation and migration were suppressed. Additionally, lactate and pyruvic acid production experiments confirmed miR-214 could suppress the HCC cell lactate and pyruvic acid levels by down-regulating PDK2/PHF6. In conclusion, MiR-214 may act as a tumor suppressor gene, presenting its suppressive role in cell proliferation and migration of HCC cells by targeting PDK2 and PHF6, and might provide a potential therapy target for patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangfeng Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Hospital of Longyan, Fujian, 364000, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jianyin Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361004, China
| | - Yizeng Jian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Hospital of Longyan, Fujian, 364000, China
| | - Zhe Xiu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Hospital of Longyan, Fujian, 364000, China
| | - Leyang Xiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, China
| | - Dinghua Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wenlong Zeng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Hospital of Longyan, Fujian, 364000, China
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27
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Flip the coin: IL-7 and IL-7R in health and disease. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:1584-1593. [PMID: 31745336 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0479-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The cytokine IL-7 and its receptor, IL-7R, are critical for T cell and, in the mouse, B cell development, as well as differentiation and survival of naive T cells, and generation and maintenance of memory T cells. They are also required for innate lymphoid cell (ILC) development and maintenance, and consequently for generation of lymphoid structures and barrier defense. Here we discuss the central role of IL-7 and IL-7R in the lymphoid system and highlight the impact of their deregulation, placing a particular emphasis on their 'dark side' as promoters of cancer development. We also explore therapeutic implications and opportunities associated with either positive or negative modulation of the IL-7-IL-7R signaling axis.
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28
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Jonart LM, Ebadi M, Basile P, Johnson K, Makori J, Gordon PM. Disrupting the leukemia niche in the central nervous system attenuates leukemia chemoresistance. Haematologica 2019; 105:2130-2140. [PMID: 31624109 PMCID: PMC7395284 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.230334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Protection from acute lymphoblastic leukemia relapse in the central nervous system (CNS) is crucial to survival and quality of life for leukemia patients. Current CNS-directed therapies cause significant toxicities and are only partially effective. Moreover, the impact of the CNS microenvironment on leukemia biology is poorly understood. In this study we showed that leukemia cells associated with the meninges of xenotransplanted mice, or co-cultured with meningeal cells, exhibit enhanced chemoresistance due to effects on both apoptosis balance and quiescence. From a mechanistic standpoint, we found that leukemia chemoresistance is primarily mediated by direct leukemia-meningeal cell interactions and overcome by detaching the leukemia cells from the meninges. Next, we used a co-culture adhesion assay to identify drugs that disrupted leukemia-meningeal adhesion. In addition to identifying several drugs that inhibit canonical cell adhesion targets we found that Me6TREN (Tris[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amine), a novel hematopoietic stem cell-mobilizing compound, also disrupted leukemia-meningeal adhesion and enhanced the efficacy of cytarabine in treating CNS leukemia in xenotransplanted mice. This work demonstrates that the meninges exert a critical influence on leukemia chemoresistance, elucidates mechanisms of relapse beyond the well-described role of the blood-brain barrier, and identifies novel therapeutic approaches for overcoming chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie M Jonart
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Maryam Ebadi
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Patrick Basile
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kimberly Johnson
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jessica Makori
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Peter M Gordon
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota .,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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29
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Yan J, Chen D, Chen X, Sun X, Dong Q, Hu C, Zhou F, Chen W. Downregulation of lncRNA CCDC26 contributes to imatinib resistance in human gastrointestinal stromal tumors through IGF-1R upregulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 52:e8399. [PMID: 31166382 PMCID: PMC6556970 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20198399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Imatinib is the first line of therapy for patients with metastatic or gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). However, drug resistance limits the long-term effect of imatinib. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as key players in regulating drug resistance in cancer. In this study, we investigated the association between lncRNA CCDC26 and IGF-1R in GIST and their involvement in drug resistance. Considering the key role of lncRNAs in drug resistance in cancer, we hypothesized that IGF-1R is regulated by lncRNAs. The expression of a series of reported drug resistance-related lncRNAs, including CCDC26, ARF, H19, NBR2, NEAT1, and HOTAIR, in GIST cells treated with imatinib H19 was examined at various time-points by qRT-PCR. Based on our results and published literature, CCDC26, a strongly down-regulated lncRNA following imatinib treatment, was chosen as our research target. GIST cells with high expression of CCDC26 were sensitive to imatinib treatment while knockdown of CCDC26 significantly increased the resistance to imatinib. Furthermore, we found that CCDC26 interacted with c-KIT by RNA pull down, and that CCDC26 knockdown up-regulated the expression of IGF-1R. Moreover, IGF-1R inhibition reversed CCDC26 knockdown-mediated imatinib resistance in GIST. These results indicated that treatments targeting CCDC26-IGF-1R axis would be useful in increasing sensitivity to imatinib in GIST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology and General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Didi Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy and Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaolei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xuecheng Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qiantong Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology and General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Changyuan Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology and General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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30
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Rabe JL, Gardner L, Hunter R, Fonseca JA, Dougan J, Gearheart CM, Leibowitz MS, Lee-Miller C, Baturin D, Fosmire SP, Zelasko SE, Jones CL, Slansky JE, Rupji M, Dwivedi B, Henry CJ, Porter CC. IL12 Abrogates Calcineurin-Dependent Immune Evasion during Leukemia Progression. Cancer Res 2019; 79:3702-3713. [PMID: 31142509 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exploitation of the immune system has emerged as an important therapeutic strategy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, the mechanisms of immune evasion during leukemia progression remain poorly understood. We sought to understand the role of calcineurin in ALL and observed that depletion of calcineurin B (CnB) in leukemia cells dramatically prolongs survival in immune-competent but not immune-deficient recipients. Immune-competent recipients were protected from challenge with leukemia if they were first immunized with CnB-deficient leukemia, suggesting robust adaptive immunity. In the bone marrow (BM), recipients of CnB-deficient leukemia harbored expanded T-cell populations as compared with controls. Gene expression analyses of leukemia cells extracted from the BM identified Cn-dependent significant changes in the expression of immunoregulatory genes. Increased secretion of IL12 from CnB-deficient leukemia cells was sufficient to induce T-cell activation ex vivo, an effect that was abolished when IL12 was neutralized. Strikingly, recombinant IL12 prolonged survival of mice challenged with highly aggressive B-ALL. Moreover, gene expression analyses from children with ALL showed that patients with higher expression of either IL12A or IL12B exhibited prolonged survival. These data suggest that leukemia cells are dependent upon calcineurin for immune evasion by restricting the regulation of proinflammatory genes, particularly IL12. SIGNIFICANCE: This report implicates calcineurin as an intracellular signaling molecule responsible for immune evasion during leukemia progression and raises the prospect of re-examining IL12 as a therapeutic in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Rabe
- Molecular Biology Program, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Lori Gardner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Rae Hunter
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jairo A Fonseca
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jodi Dougan
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | - Cathy Lee-Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Dmitry Baturin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Susan P Fosmire
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Susan E Zelasko
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Courtney L Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jill E Slansky
- Integrated Department of Immunology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Manali Rupji
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Bhakti Dwivedi
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Curtis J Henry
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Christopher C Porter
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Georgia
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31
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Yu Q, Yin L, Jian Y, Li P, Zeng W, Zhou J. Downregulation of PHF6 Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Migration in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2019; 34:245-251. [PMID: 30888215 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2018.2671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The plant homeodomain finger 6 (PHF6) was originally identified as single gene mutated in Börjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome, which was reported to be a tumor suppressor in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, the biological function of PHF6 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been poorly characterized. Materials and Methods: In this study, we first determined the mRNA levels of PHF6 in HCC tissues and adjacent normal tissues using quantitative real-time PCR. Then the expression of PHF6 was knocked down in HCC cell lines (HepG2, SMMC-7721, and Bel-7402) by siRNA transfection. A series of functional experiments, including EdU proliferation assay, colony formation assay, and Transwell assay, were performed in HCC cells. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of PHF6, E-cadherin, and Vimentin. Results: We found that PHF6 was significantly elevated in HCC tissues and positively correlated with TNM stage, differentiation, and lymph node metastasis. Silencing PHF6 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, and migration in HCC cells. Furthermore, silencing PHF6 obviously increased E-cadherin and decreased Vimentin expression. Conclusions: These findings suggest that PHF6 plays a positive role in the growth of HCC cells, and targeting PHF6 could serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for human HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangfeng Yu
- 1 Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Hospital of Longyan, Longyan, China.,2 Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Libo Yin
- 3 Molecular OncoSurgery, Section Surgical Research, Department of General, Visceral & Transplant Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yizeng Jian
- 1 Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Hospital of Longyan, Longyan, China
| | - Pengtao Li
- 4 Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wenlong Zeng
- 1 Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Hospital of Longyan, Longyan, China
| | - Jianyin Zhou
- 4 Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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32
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In vivo RNAi screening identifies Pafah1b3 as a target for combination therapy with TKIs in BCR-ABL1+ BCP-ALL. Blood Adv 2019; 2:1229-1242. [PMID: 29853524 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017015610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the addition of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) to the treatment of patients with BCR-ABL1+ B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCR-ABL1+ BCP-ALL), relapse both with and without BCR-ABL1 mutations is a persistent clinical problem. To identify BCR-ABL1-independent genetic mediators of response to the TKI dasatinib, we performed in vivo and in vitro RNA interference (RNAi) screens in a transplantable syngeneic mouse model of BCR-ABL1+ BCP-ALL. By using a novel combination of a longitudinal screen design and independent component analysis of screening data, we identified hairpins that have distinct behavior in different therapeutic contexts as well as in the in vivo vs in vitro settings. In the set of genes whose loss sensitized BCR-ABL1+ BCP-ALL cells to dasatinib, we identified Pafah1b3, which regulates intracellular levels of platelet-activating factor (PAF), as an in vivo-specific mediator of therapeutic response. Pafah1b3 loss significantly sensitized leukemia cells to the multiple TKIs, indicating that inhibition of PAFAH1B3 in combination with TKI treatment may be an effective therapeutic strategy for BCR-ABL1+ BCP-ALL patients. PAF-induced cell death as well as surface levels of PAF receptor (PAFR) in our model are altered upon dasatinib treatment and depend on the local leukemia microenvironment; the response of Pafah1b3 KO vs overexpressing cells to dasatinib is also dependent on microenvironmental context. Antagonism of the PAFR partially reverses the observed sensitization to TKI treatment upon Pafah1b3 loss in vivo, suggesting that signaling via the PAF/PAFR pathway is at least partially responsible for this effect.
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33
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SOX6 blocks the proliferation of BCR-ABL1 + and JAK2V617F + leukemic cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3388. [PMID: 30833651 PMCID: PMC6399316 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39926-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
SOX6 is a HMG-box transcription factor expressed in a wide range of tissues. Recent data show that SOX6 expression is altered in different cancers, in the majority of cases being downregulated. To date, no data are available about SOX6 role in hematological malignancies. Here we demonstrate that SOX6 overexpressing BCR-ABL1+ B-ALL cells are unable to promote leukemia in a mouse model. Starting from this observation, we extended our study to a panel of human leukemic cells carrying genetic lesions distinctive of different types of leukemias and myeloproliferative disorders (the BCR-ABL1 translocation and the JAK2V617F amino acid substitution) to dissect the cellular events induced by SOX6. The inhibition of proliferation is the invariant outcome of SOX6 overexpression but it is achieved via two different cellular responses: terminal differentiation in erythroid-biased cells, irrespectively of their mutation, and apoptosis in megakaryocytic-primed and lymphoid cells. Within this context, cells carrying the highest copy number of the JAK2V617F allele better counteract the SOX6-imposed growth arrest. The interrogation of the GEPIA (Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis) human dataset reveals that SOX6 is downregulated in a cohort of AML patients, uncovering a wide anti-proliferative role of SOX6 in a variety of mutant backgrounds.
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34
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Fiedler EC, Hemann MT. Aiding and Abetting: How the Tumor Microenvironment Protects Cancer from Chemotherapy. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY-SERIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-030518-055524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Disease recurrence following cancer therapy remains an intractable clinical problem and represents a major impediment to reducing the mortality attributable to malignant tumors. While research has traditionally focused on the cell-intrinsic mechanisms and mutations that render tumors refractory to both classical chemotherapeutics and targeted therapies, recent studies have begun to uncover myriad roles for the tumor microenvironment (TME) in modulating therapeutic efficacy. This work suggests that drug resistance is as much ecological as it is evolutionary. Specifically, cancers resident in organs throughout the body do not develop in isolation. Instead, tumor cells arise in the context of nonmalignant cellular components of a tissue. While the roles of these cell-extrinsic factors in cancer initiation and progression are well established, our understanding of the TME's influence on therapeutic outcome is in its infancy. Here, we focus on mechanisms by which neoplastic cells co-opt preexisting or treatment-induced signaling networks to survive chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor C. Fiedler
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Michael T. Hemann
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
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35
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Zhang W, Kuang P, Liu T. Prognostic significance of CDKN2A/B deletions in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a meta-analysis. Ann Med 2019; 51:28-40. [PMID: 30592434 PMCID: PMC7857473 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2018.1564359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A/B (CDKN2A/B) genes are frequently altered in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) patients. The aim of this meta-analysis was to comprehensively assess the prognostic value of CDKN2A/B deletions in ALL patients. METHODS Systematic literature review was conducted in PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases up to July 2018. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with fixed-effects or random-effects models. RESULTS A total of thirteen studies including 2857 patients were eligible for this meta-analysis. Combined HRs suggested that CDKN2A/B deletions were poor prognostic factors for both overall survival (OS) (HR = 2.15, 95% CI 1.82-2.54) and event-free survival (EFS)/disease-free survival (DFS)/relapse-free survival (RFS) (HR = 2.16, 95% CI 1.73-2.69). The adverse impact remained significant in both adult and paediatric ALL patients, and also in subgroups by ethnicity, ALL type, detection method of CDKN2A/B deletions, statistical method and endpoint. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that CDKN2A/B deletions were associated with poor prognosis independently in both adult and childhood ALL patients. Inclusion of CDKN2A/B status may further improve the risk stratification of ALL patients. Key Messages Although numerous studies have explored the prognostic significance of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A/B (CDKN2A/B) deletions in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) patients, the results remain conflicting. In this meta-analysis, we found that CDKN2A/B deletions were independent poor prognostic markers for both adult and paediatric ALL patients. Our findings justify the inclusion of CDKN2A/B status in the risk stratification of ALL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanhua Zhang
- a Department of Haematology , West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , P.R. China
| | - Pu Kuang
- a Department of Haematology , West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , P.R. China
| | - Ting Liu
- a Department of Haematology , West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , P.R. China
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36
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Cheung LC, Tickner J, Hughes AM, Skut P, Howlett M, Foley B, Oommen J, Wells JE, He B, Singh S, Chua GA, Ford J, Mullighan CG, Kotecha RS, Kees UR. New therapeutic opportunities from dissecting the pre-B leukemia bone marrow microenvironment. Leukemia 2018; 32:2326-2338. [PMID: 29740160 PMCID: PMC6224400 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0144-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The microenvironments of leukemia and cancer are critical for multiple stages of malignancies, and they are an attractive therapeutic target. While skeletal abnormalities are commonly seen in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) prior to initiating osteotoxic therapy, little is known about the alterations to the bone marrow microenvironment during leukemogenesis. Therefore, in this study, we focused on the development of precursor-B cell ALL (pre-B ALL) in an immunocompetent BCR-ABL1+ model. Here we show that hematopoiesis was perturbed, B lymphopoiesis was impaired, collagen production was reduced, and the number of osteoblastic cells was decreased in the bone marrow microenvironment. As previously found in children with ALL, the leukemia-bearing mice exhibited severe bone loss during leukemogenesis. Leukemia cells produced high levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), sufficient to cause osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. In vivo administration of zoledronic acid rescued leukemia-induced bone loss, reduced disease burden and prolonged survival in leukemia-bearing mice. Taken together, we provide evidence that targeting leukemia-induced bone loss is a therapeutic strategy for pre-B ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence C Cheung
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Jennifer Tickner
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Anastasia M Hughes
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Patrycja Skut
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Meegan Howlett
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Bree Foley
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Joyce Oommen
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Julia E Wells
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Bo He
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sajla Singh
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Grace-Alyssa Chua
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jette Ford
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Charles G Mullighan
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Rishi S Kotecha
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ursula R Kees
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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37
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Alexander TB, Gu Z, Iacobucci I, Dickerson K, Choi JK, Xu B, Payne-Turner D, Yoshihara H, Loh ML, Horan J, Buldini B, Basso G, Elitzur S, de Haas V, Zwaan CM, Yeoh A, Reinhardt D, Tomizawa D, Kiyokawa N, Lammens T, De Moerloose B, Catchpoole D, Hori H, Moorman A, Moore AS, Hrusak O, Meshinchi S, Orgel E, Devidas M, Borowitz M, Wood B, Heerema NA, Carrol A, Yang YL, Smith MA, Davidsen TM, Hermida LC, Gesuwan P, Marra MA, Ma Y, Mungall AJ, Moore RA, Jones SJM, Valentine M, Janke LJ, Rubnitz JE, Pui CH, Ding L, Liu Y, Zhang J, Nichols KE, Downing JR, Cao X, Shi L, Pounds S, Newman S, Pei D, Guidry Auvil JM, Gerhard DS, Hunger SP, Inaba H, Mullighan CG. The genetic basis and cell of origin of mixed phenotype acute leukaemia. Nature 2018; 562:373-379. [PMID: 30209392 PMCID: PMC6195459 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0436-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mixed phenotype acute leukaemia (MPAL) is a high-risk subtype of leukaemia with myeloid and lymphoid features, limited genetic characterization, and a lack of consensus regarding appropriate therapy. Here we show that the two principal subtypes of MPAL, T/myeloid (T/M) and B/myeloid (B/M), are genetically distinct. Rearrangement of ZNF384 is common in B/M MPAL, and biallelic WT1 alterations are common in T/M MPAL, which shares genomic features with early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. We show that the intratumoral immunophenotypic heterogeneity characteristic of MPAL is independent of somatic genetic variation, that founding lesions arise in primitive haematopoietic progenitors, and that individual phenotypic subpopulations can reconstitute the immunophenotypic diversity in vivo. These findings indicate that the cell of origin and founding lesions, rather than an accumulation of distinct genomic alterations, prime tumour cells for lineage promiscuity. Moreover, these findings position MPAL in the spectrum of immature leukaemias and provide a genetically informed framework for future clinical trials of potential treatments for MPAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B Alexander
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Zhaohui Gu
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ilaria Iacobucci
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kirsten Dickerson
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - John K Choi
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Beisi Xu
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Debbie Payne-Turner
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hiroki Yoshihara
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mignon L Loh
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John Horan
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Barbara Buldini
- Department of Women and Child Health, Hemato-Oncology Division, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Basso
- Department of Women and Child Health, Hemato-Oncology Division, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sarah Elitzur
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | | | - C Michel Zwaan
- Prinses Maxima Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Allen Yeoh
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Daisuke Tomizawa
- Division of Leukemia and Lymphoma, Children's Cancer Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Kiyokawa
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Research, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tim Lammens
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Barbara De Moerloose
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daniel Catchpoole
- The Tumour Bank CCRU, The Kids Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hiroki Hori
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Anthony Moorman
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Andrew S Moore
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute & Children's Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ondrej Hrusak
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Soheil Meshinchi
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Seattle, WA, USA
- Children's Oncology Group, Arcadia, CA, USA
| | - Etan Orgel
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Disease, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Brent Wood
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nyla A Heerema
- The Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Andrew Carrol
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yung-Li Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Malcolm A Smith
- Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tanja M Davidsen
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Leandro C Hermida
- Office of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Patee Gesuwan
- Office of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marco A Marra
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yussanne Ma
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrew J Mungall
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Richard A Moore
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Steven J M Jones
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marcus Valentine
- Cytogenetics Shared Resource, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Laura J Janke
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jeffrey E Rubnitz
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ching-Hon Pui
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Liang Ding
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kim E Nichols
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - James R Downing
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Xueyuan Cao
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Stanley Pounds
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Scott Newman
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Deqing Pei
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Daniela S Gerhard
- Office of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen P Hunger
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hiroto Inaba
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Charles G Mullighan
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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38
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Thompson SB, Wigton EJ, Krovi SH, Chung JW, Long RA, Jacobelli J. The Formin mDia1 Regulates Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Engraftment, Migration, and Progression in vivo. Front Oncol 2018; 8:389. [PMID: 30294591 PMCID: PMC6158313 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemias typically arise in the bone marrow and then spread to the blood and into other tissues. To disseminate into tissues, leukemia cells migrate into the blood stream and then exit the circulation by migrating across vascular endothelial barriers. Formin proteins regulate cytoskeletal remodeling and cell migration of normal and malignant cells. The Formin mDia1 is highly expressed in transformed lymphocytes and regulates lymphocyte migration. However, the role of mDia1 in regulating leukemia progression in vivo is unknown. Here, we investigated how mDia1 mediates the ability of leukemia cells to migrate and disseminate in vivo. For these studies, we used a mouse model of Bcr-Abl pre-B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Our data showed that mDia1-deficient leukemia cells have reduced chemotaxis and ability to complete transendothelial migration in vitro. In vivo, mDia1 deficiency reduced the ability of leukemia cells to engraft in recipient mice. Furthermore, leukemia dissemination to various tissues and leukemia progression were inhibited by mDia1 depletion. Finally, mDia1 depletion in leukemia cells resulted in prolonged survival of recipient mice in a leukemia transfer model. Overall, our data show that the Formin mDia1 mediates leukemia cell migration, and drives leukemia engraftment and progression in vivo, suggesting that targeting mDia1 could provide a new method for treatment of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott B Thompson
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Eric J Wigton
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Sai Harsha Krovi
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jeffrey W Chung
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Robert A Long
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jordan Jacobelli
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
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Churchman ML, Qian M, Te Kronnie G, Zhang R, Yang W, Zhang H, Lana T, Tedrick P, Baskin R, Verbist K, Peters JL, Devidas M, Larsen E, Moore IM, Gu Z, Qu C, Yoshihara H, Porter SN, Pruett-Miller SM, Wu G, Raetz E, Martin PL, Bowman WP, Winick N, Mardis E, Fulton R, Stanulla M, Evans WE, Relling MV, Pui CH, Hunger SP, Loh ML, Handgretinger R, Nichols KE, Yang JJ, Mullighan CG. Germline Genetic IKZF1 Variation and Predisposition to Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Cancer Cell 2018; 33:937-948.e8. [PMID: 29681510 PMCID: PMC5953820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Somatic genetic alterations of IKZF1, which encodes the lymphoid transcription factor IKAROS, are common in high-risk B-progenitor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and are associated with poor prognosis. Such alterations result in the acquisition of stem cell-like features, overexpression of adhesion molecules causing aberrant cell-cell and cell-stroma interaction, and decreased sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Here we report coding germline IKZF1 variation in familial childhood ALL and 0.9% of presumed sporadic B-ALL, identifying 28 unique variants in 45 children. The majority of variants adversely affected IKZF1 function and drug responsiveness of leukemic cells. These results identify IKZF1 as a leukemia predisposition gene, and emphasize the importance of germline genetic variation in the development of both familial and sporadic ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Churchman
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Maoxiang Qian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Geertruy Te Kronnie
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Ranran Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjian Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong, China
| | - Tobia Lana
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Paige Tedrick
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Rebekah Baskin
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Katherine Verbist
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jennifer L Peters
- Cellular Imaging Shared Resource, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Meenakshi Devidas
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Eric Larsen
- Maine Children's Cancer Program, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
| | - Ian M Moore
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Zhaohui Gu
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Chunxu Qu
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Hiroki Yoshihara
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Shaina N Porter
- Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Shondra M Pruett-Miller
- Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Elizabeth Raetz
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Paul L Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - W Paul Bowman
- Cook Children's Medical Center, Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA
| | - Naomi Winick
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Elaine Mardis
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Robert Fulton
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Martin Stanulla
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - William E Evans
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Mary V Relling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Ching-Hon Pui
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Stephen P Hunger
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mignon L Loh
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Rupert Handgretinger
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Children's University Hospital, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Kim E Nichols
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jun J Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
| | - Charles G Mullighan
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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40
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Fielding AK. ARF way to Ph + ALL stratification? Blood 2018; 131:1394-1395. [PMID: 29599144 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-02-829085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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41
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Preclinical evaluation of NUDT15-guided thiopurine therapy and its effects on toxicity and antileukemic efficacy. Blood 2018; 131:2466-2474. [PMID: 29572377 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-11-815506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiopurines (eg, 6-mercaptopurine [MP]) are highly efficacious antileukemic agents, but they are also associated with dose-limiting toxicities. Recent studies by us and others have identified inherited NUDT15 deficiency as a novel genetic cause of thiopurine toxicity, and there is a strong rationale for NUDT15-guided dose individualization to preemptively mitigate adverse effects of these drugs. Using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, we established a Nudt15-/- mouse model to evaluate the effectiveness of this strategy in vivo. Across MP dosages, Nudt15-/- mice experienced severe leukopenia, rapid weight loss, earlier death resulting from toxicity, and more bone marrow hypocellularity compared with wild-type mice. Nudt15-/- mice also showed excessive accumulation of a thiopurine active metabolite (ie, DNA-incorporated thioguanine nucleotides [DNA-TG]) in an MP dose-dependent fashion, as a plausible cause of increased toxicity. MP dose reduction effectively normalized systemic exposure to DNA-TG in Nudt15-/- mice and largely eliminated Nudt15 deficiency-mediated toxicity. In 95 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, MP dose adjustment also directly led to alteration in DNA-TG levels, the effects of which were proportional to the degree of NUDT15 deficiency. Using leukemia-bearing mice with concordant Nudt15 genotype in leukemia and host, we also confirmed that therapeutic efficacy was preserved in Nudt15-/- mice receiving a reduced MP dose compared with Nudt15+/+ counterparts exposed to a standard dose. In conclusion, we demonstrated that NUDT15 genotype-guided MP dose individualization can preemptively mitigate toxicity without compromising therapeutic efficacy.
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42
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Genomic CDKN2A/2B deletions in adult Ph + ALL are adverse despite allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Blood 2018; 131:1464-1475. [PMID: 29348129 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-07-796862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the role of copy number alterations to refine risk stratification in adult Philadelphia chromosome positive (Ph)+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and allogeneic stem cell transplantation (aSCT). Ninety-seven Ph+ ALL patients (median age 41 years; range 18-64 years) within the prospective multicenter German Multicenter ALL Study Group studies 06/99 (n = 8) and 07/2003 (n = 89) were analyzed. All patients received TKI and aSCT in first complete remission (CR1). Copy number analysis was performed with single nucleotide polymorphism arrays and validated by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. The frequencies of recurrently deleted genes were: IKZF1, 76%; CDKN2A/2B, 45%; PAX5, 43%; BTG1, 18%; EBF1, 13%; ETV6, 5%; RB, 14%. In univariate analyses, the presence of CDKN2A/2B deletions had a negative impact on all endpoints: overall survival (P = .023), disease-free survival (P = .012), and remission duration (P = .036). The negative predictive value of CDKN2A/2B deletions was retained in multivariable analysis along with other factors such as timing of TKI therapy, intensity of conditioning, achieving remission after induction phase 1 and BTG1 deletions. We therefore conclude that acquired genomic CDKN2A/2B deletions identify a subgroup of Ph+ ALL patients, who have an inferior prognosis despite aSCT in CR1. Their poor outcome was attributable primarily to a high relapse rate after aSCT.
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43
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Defining specificity and on-target activity of BH3-mimetics using engineered B-ALL cell lines. Oncotarget 2017; 7:11500-11. [PMID: 26862853 PMCID: PMC4905489 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of cancer is a resistance to the induction of programmed cell death that is mediated by selection of cells with elevated expression of anti-apoptotic members of the BCL-2 family. To counter this resistance, new therapeutic agents known as BH3-mimetic small molecules are in development with the goal of antagonizing the function of anti-apoptotic molecules and promoting the induction of apoptosis. To facilitate the testing and modeling of BH3-mimetic agents, we have developed a powerful system for evaluation and screening of agents both in culture and in immune competent animal models by engineering mouse leukemic cells and re-programming them to be dependent on exogenously expressed human anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family members. Here we demonstrate that this panel of cell lines can determine the specificity of BH3-mimetics to individual anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family members (BCL-2, BCL-XL, BCL-W, BFL-1, and MCL-1), demonstrate whether cell death is due to the induction of apoptosis (BAX and BAK-dependent), and faithfully assess the efficacy of BH3-mimetic small molecules in pre-clinical mouse models. These cells represent a robust and valuable pre-clinical screening tool for validating the efficacy, selectivity, and on-target action of BH3-mimetic agents.
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44
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Sewastianik T, Jiang M, Sukhdeo K, Patel SS, Roberts K, Kang Y, Alduaij A, Dennis PS, Lawney B, Liu R, Song Z, Xiong J, Zhang Y, Lemieux ME, Pinkus GS, Rich JN, Weinstock DM, Mullighan CG, Sharpless NE, Carrasco RD. Constitutive Ras signaling and Ink4a/Arf inactivation cooperate during the development of B-ALL in mice. Blood Adv 2017; 1:2361-2374. [PMID: 29296886 PMCID: PMC5729631 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017012211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in treatment, human precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) remains a challenging clinical entity. Recent genome-wide studies have uncovered frequent genetic alterations involving RAS pathway mutations and loss of the INK4A/ARF locus, suggesting their important role in the pathogenesis, relapse, and chemotherapy resistance of B-ALL. To better understand the oncogenic mechanisms by which these alterations might promote B-ALL and to develop an in vivo preclinical model of relapsed B-ALL, we engineered mouse strains with induced somatic KrasG12D pathway activation and/or loss of Ink4a/Arf during early stages of B-cell development. Although constitutive activation of KrasG12D in B cells induced prominent transcriptional changes that resulted in enhanced proliferation, it was not sufficient by itself to induce development of a high-grade leukemia/lymphoma. Instead, in 40% of mice, these engineered mutations promoted development of a clonal low-grade lymphoproliferative disorder resembling human extranodal marginal-zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue or lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. Interestingly, loss of the Ink4a/Arf locus, apart from reducing the number of apoptotic B cells broadly attenuated KrasG12D-induced transcriptional signatures. However, combined Kras activation and Ink4a/Arf inactivation cooperated functionally to induce a fully penetrant, highly aggressive B-ALL phenotype resembling high-risk subtypes of human B-ALL such as BCR-ABL and CRFL2-rearranged. Ninety percent of examined murine B-ALL tumors showed loss of the wild-type Ink4a/Arf locus without acquisition of highly recurrent cooperating events, underscoring the role of Ink4a/Arf in restraining Kras-driven oncogenesis in the lymphoid compartment. These data highlight the importance of functional cooperation between mutated Kras and Ink4a/Arf loss on B-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Sewastianik
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Meng Jiang
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Kumar Sukhdeo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Sanjay S Patel
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Kathryn Roberts
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Yue Kang
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Ahmad Alduaij
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Peter S Dennis
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Brian Lawney
- Center for Computational Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Ruiyang Liu
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Zeyuan Song
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Jessie Xiong
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Yunyu Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and
| | | | | | - Jeremy N Rich
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - David M Weinstock
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and
| | | | - Norman E Sharpless
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Ruben D Carrasco
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
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45
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Oncogenic role and therapeutic targeting of ABL-class and JAK-STAT activating kinase alterations in Ph-like ALL. Blood Adv 2017; 1:1657-1671. [PMID: 29296813 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017011296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
New therapies for Philadelphia chromosome-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph-like ALL) patients are urgently needed. The genetic landscape of Ph-like ALL is characterized by a diverse array of kinase-activating alterations (including rearrangements, sequence mutations, and copy number alterations), suggesting that patients with Ph-like ALL are candidates for targeted therapy, similar to BCR-ABL1 ALL. We sought to investigate the functional role and targetability of the spectrum of kinase-activating alterations identified in Ph-like ALL. We demonstrate cytokine-independent growth and activation of JAK-STAT signaling pathways in Ba/F3 cells by all alterations tested. The development of murine Arf-/- pre-B ALL expressing RCSD1-ABL2 or SSBP2-CSF1R was accelerated with the presence of IK6, a dominant negative isoform of Ikaros common in Ph-like ALL, providing evidence that these fusions are leukemogenic. In vitro screening using a panel of tyrosine kinase inhibitors against 14 different kinase alterations identified the ABL1-inhibitor, dasatinib, as a potent inhibitor of ABL-class fusions (ABL1, ABL2, CSF1R, PDGFRB), whereas the JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor ruxolitinib, was most effective against JAK-STAT-activating alterations (JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, IL7R, IL2RB), but not TYK2. Evaluation of dasatinib or ruxolitinib against patient-derived xenograft models demonstrated superior antileukemic efficacy when combined with dexamethasone compared with either agent alone. These data provide the foundation for rationally designed clinical trials that assess the efficacy of targeted therapy in patients with Ph-like ALL.
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46
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ATR inhibition facilitates targeting of leukemia dependence on convergent nucleotide biosynthetic pathways. Nat Commun 2017; 8:241. [PMID: 28808226 PMCID: PMC5556071 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00221-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukemia cells rely on two nucleotide biosynthetic pathways, de novo and salvage, to produce dNTPs for DNA replication. Here, using metabolomic, proteomic, and phosphoproteomic approaches, we show that inhibition of the replication stress sensing kinase ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR) reduces the output of both de novo and salvage pathways by regulating the activity of their respective rate-limiting enzymes, ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) and deoxycytidine kinase (dCK), via distinct molecular mechanisms. Quantification of nucleotide biosynthesis in ATR-inhibited acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells reveals substantial remaining de novo and salvage activities, and could not eliminate the disease in vivo. However, targeting these remaining activities with RNR and dCK inhibitors triggers lethal replication stress in vitro and long-term disease-free survival in mice with B-ALL, without detectable toxicity. Thus the functional interplay between alternative nucleotide biosynthetic routes and ATR provides therapeutic opportunities in leukemia and potentially other cancers. Leukemic cells depend on the nucleotide synthesis pathway to proliferate. Here the authors use metabolomics and proteomics to show that inhibition of ATR reduced the activity of these pathways thus providing a valuable therapeutic target in leukemia.
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47
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Brown LM, Hanna DT, Khaw SL, Ekert PG. Dysregulation of BCL-2 family proteins by leukemia fusion genes. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:14325-14333. [PMID: 28717011 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r117.799056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The genomic lesions that characterize acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood include recurrent translocations that result in the expression of fusion proteins that typically involve genes encoding tyrosine kinases, cytokine receptors, and transcription factors. These genetic rearrangements confer phenotypic hallmarks of malignant transformation, including unrestricted proliferation and a relative resistance to apoptosis. In this Minireview, we discuss the molecular mechanisms that link these fusions to the control of cell death. We examine how these fusion genes dysregulate the BCL-2 family of proteins, preventing activation of the apoptotic effectors, BAX and BAK, and promoting cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Brown
- From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne
| | - Diane T Hanna
- the Royal Children's Hospital, and.,the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Seong L Khaw
- From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute.,the Royal Children's Hospital, and.,the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Paul G Ekert
- From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute, .,the Royal Children's Hospital, and
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48
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Small mitochondrial Arf (smArf) protein corrects p53-independent developmental defects of Arf tumor suppressor-deficient mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:7420-7425. [PMID: 28652370 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1707292114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mouse p19Arf (human p14ARF) tumor suppressor protein, encoded in part from an alternative reading frame of the Ink4a (Cdkn2a) gene, inhibits the Mdm2 E3 ubiquitin ligase to activate p53. Arf is not expressed in most normal tissues of young mice but is induced by high thresholds of aberrant hyperproliferative signals, thereby activating p53 in incipient tumor cells that have experienced oncogene activation. The single Arf mRNA encodes two distinct polypeptides, including full-length p19Arf and N-terminally truncated and unstable p15smArf ("small mitochondrial Arf") initiated from an internal in-frame AUG codon specifying methionine-45. Interactions of p19Arf with Mdm2, or separately with nucleophosmin (NPM, B23) that localizes and stabilizes p19Arf within the nucleolus, require p19Arf N-terminal amino acids that are not present within p15smArf We have generated mice that produce either smARF alone or M45A-mutated (smArf-deficient) full-length p19Arf proteins. BCR-ABL-expressing pro/pre-B cells producing smArf alone are as oncogenic as their Arf-null counterparts in generating acute lymphoblastic leukemia when infused into unconditioned syngeneic mice. In contrast, smArf-deficient cells from mice of the ArfM45A strain are as resistant as wild-type Arf+/+ cells to comparable oncogenic challenge and do not produce tumors. Apart from being prone to tumor development, Arf-null mice are blind, and their male germ cells exhibit defects in meiotic maturation and sperm production. Although ArfM45A mice manifest the latter defects, smArf alone remarkably rescues both of these p53-independent developmental phenotypes.
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49
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Soto-Feliciano YM, Bartlebaugh JME, Liu Y, Sánchez-Rivera FJ, Bhutkar A, Weintraub AS, Buenrostro JD, Cheng CS, Regev A, Jacks TE, Young RA, Hemann MT. PHF6 regulates phenotypic plasticity through chromatin organization within lineage-specific genes. Genes Dev 2017; 31:973-989. [PMID: 28607179 PMCID: PMC5495126 DOI: 10.1101/gad.295857.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Soto-Feliciano et al. describe the function of the plant homeodomain finger 6 (PHF6) protein in leukemia and define its role in regulating chromatin accessibility to lineage-specific transcription factors. Their findings suggest that active maintenance of a precise chromatin landscape is essential for sustaining proper leukemia cell identity and that loss of a single factor (PHF6) can cause focal changes in chromatin accessibility and nucleosome positioning that render cells susceptible to lineage transition. Developmental and lineage plasticity have been observed in numerous malignancies and have been correlated with tumor progression and drug resistance. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that enable such plasticity to occur. Here, we describe the function of the plant homeodomain finger protein 6 (PHF6) in leukemia and define its role in regulating chromatin accessibility to lineage-specific transcription factors. We show that loss of Phf6 in B-cell leukemia results in systematic changes in gene expression via alteration of the chromatin landscape at the transcriptional start sites of B-cell- and T-cell-specific factors. Additionally, Phf6KO cells show significant down-regulation of genes involved in the development and function of normal B cells, show up-regulation of genes involved in T-cell signaling, and give rise to mixed-lineage lymphoma in vivo. Engagement of divergent transcriptional programs results in phenotypic plasticity that leads to altered disease presentation in vivo, tolerance of aberrant oncogenic signaling, and differential sensitivity to frontline and targeted therapies. These findings suggest that active maintenance of a precise chromatin landscape is essential for sustaining proper leukemia cell identity and that loss of a single factor (PHF6) can cause focal changes in chromatin accessibility and nucleosome positioning that render cells susceptible to lineage transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadira M Soto-Feliciano
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Jordan M E Bartlebaugh
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Francisco J Sánchez-Rivera
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Arjun Bhutkar
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Abraham S Weintraub
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Jason D Buenrostro
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Christine S Cheng
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Tyler E Jacks
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Richard A Young
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Michael T Hemann
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
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Deregulation of kinase signaling and lymphoid development in EBF1-PDGFRB ALL leukemogenesis. Leukemia 2017; 32:38-48. [PMID: 28555080 PMCID: PMC5709252 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The chimeric fusion oncogene early B-cell factor 1-platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (EBF1-PDGFRB) is a recurrent lesion observed in Philadelphia-like B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and is associated with particularly poor prognosis. While it is understood that this fusion activates tyrosine kinase signaling, the mechanisms of transformation and importance of perturbation of EBF1 activity remain unknown. EBF1 is a nuclear transcription factor required for normal B-lineage specification, commitment and development. Conversely, PDGFRB is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is normally repressed in lymphocytes, yet PDGFRB remains a common fusion partner in leukemias. Here, we demonstrate that the EBF1-PDGFRB fusion results in loss of EBF1 function, multimerization and autophosphorylation of the fusion protein, activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) signaling and gain of interleukin-7 (IL-7)-independent cell proliferation. Deregulation and loss of EBF1 function is critically dependent on the nuclear export activity of the transmembrane (TM) domain of PDGFRB. Deletion of the TM domain partially rescues EBF1 function and restores IL-7 dependence, without requiring kinase inhibition. Moreover, we demonstrate that EBF1-PDGFRB synergizes with loss of IKAROS function in a fully penetrant B-ALL in vivo. Thus, we establish that EBF1-PDGFRB is sufficient to drive leukemogenesis through TM-dependent loss of transcription factor function, increased proliferation and synergy with additional genetic insults including loss of IKAROS function.
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