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Ye Z, Harrington B, Pickel AD. Optical super-resolution nanothermometry via stimulated emission depletion imaging of upconverting nanoparticles. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eado6268. [PMID: 39018395 PMCID: PMC466949 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ado6268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
From engineering improved device performance to unraveling the breakdown of classical heat transfer laws, far-field optical temperature mapping with nanoscale spatial resolution would benefit diverse areas. However, these attributes are traditionally in opposition because conventional far-field optical temperature mapping techniques are inherently diffraction limited. Optical super-resolution imaging techniques revolutionized biological imaging, but such approaches have yet to be applied to thermometry. Here, we demonstrate a super-resolution nanothermometry technique based on highly doped upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) that enable stimulated emission depletion (STED) super-resolution imaging. We identify a ratiometric thermometry signal and maintain imaging resolution better than ~120 nm for the relevant spectral bands. We also form self-assembled UCNP monolayers and multilayers and implement a detection scheme with scan times >0.25 μm2/min. We further show that STED nanothermometry reveals a temperature gradient across a joule-heated microstructure that is undetectable with diffraction limited thermometry, indicating the potential of this technique to uncover local temperature variation in wide-ranging practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Ye
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Benjamin Harrington
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Andrea D. Pickel
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
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2
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Greaves GE, Allison L, Machado P, Morfill C, Fleck RA, Porter AE, Phillips CC. Infrared nanoimaging of neuronal ultrastructure and nanoparticle interaction with cells. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:6190-6198. [PMID: 38445876 PMCID: PMC10956966 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04948e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Here we introduce scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) as a novel tool for nanoscale chemical-imaging of sub-cellular organelles, nanomaterials and of the interactions between them. Our setup uses a tuneable mid-infrared laser and a sharp scanning probe to image at a resolution substantially surpassing the diffraction limit. The laser can be tuned to excite vibrational modes of functional groups in biomolecules, (e.g. amide moieties), in a way that enables direct chemical mapping without the need for labelling. We, for the first time, chemically image neuronal ultrastructure, identify neuronal organelles and sub-organelle structures as small as 10 nm and validate our findings using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We produce chemical and morphological maps of neurons treated with gold nanospheres and characterize nanoparticle size and intracellular location, and their interaction with the plasma membrane. Our results show that the label-free nature of s-SNOM means it has a 'true' chemical resolution of up to 20 nm which can be further improved. We argue that it offers significant potential in nanomedicine for nanoscale chemical imaging of cell ultrastructure and the subcellular distribution of nanomaterials within tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- George E Greaves
- Experimental Solid State Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, SW7 2BW, UK.
| | - Leanne Allison
- Centre for Ultrastructural Imaging, Kings College London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Pedro Machado
- Centre for Ultrastructural Imaging, Kings College London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Corinne Morfill
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Roland A Fleck
- Centre for Ultrastructural Imaging, Kings College London, SE1 1UL, UK
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Kings College London, SE1 1YR, UK
| | - Alexandra E Porter
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Chris C Phillips
- Experimental Solid State Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, SW7 2BW, UK.
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3
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Czajka T, Neuhaus C, Alfken J, Stammer M, Chushkin Y, Pontoni D, Hoffmann C, Milovanovic D, Salditt T. Lipid vesicle pools studied by passive X-ray microrheology. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2023; 46:123. [PMID: 38060069 PMCID: PMC10703982 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-023-00375-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Vesicle pools can form by attractive interaction in a solution, mediated by proteins or divalent ions such as calcium. The pools, which are alternatively also denoted as vesicle clusters, form by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) from an initially homogeneous solution. Due to the short range liquid-like order of vesicles in the pool or cluster, the vesicle-rich phase can also be regarded as a condensate, and one would like to better understand not only the structure of these systems, but also their dynamics. The diffusion of vesicles, in particular, is expected to change when vesicles are arrested in a pool. Here we investigate whether passive microrheology based on X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) is a suitable tool to study model systems of artificial lipid vesicles exhibiting LLPS, and more generally also other heterogeneous biomolecular fluids. We show that by adding highly scattering tracer particles to the solution, valuable information on the single vesicle as well as collective dynamics can be inferred. While the correlation functions reveal freely diffusing tracer particles in solutions at low CaCl[Formula: see text] concentrations, the relaxation rate [Formula: see text] shows a nonlinear dependence on [Formula: see text] at a higher concentration of around 8 mM CaCl[Formula: see text], characterised by two linear regimes with a broad cross-over. We explain this finding based on arrested diffusion in percolating vesicle clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titus Czajka
- Institut für Röntgenphysik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Charlotte Neuhaus
- Institut für Röntgenphysik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jette Alfken
- Institut für Röntgenphysik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Moritz Stammer
- Institut für Röntgenphysik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yuriy Chushkin
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38043, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Diego Pontoni
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38043, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Christian Hoffmann
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dragomir Milovanovic
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim Salditt
- Institut für Röntgenphysik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
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4
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Yan J, Liu H, Wu Y, Niu B, Deng X, Zhang L, Dang Q, Wang Y, Lu X, Zhang B, Sun W. Recent progress of self-immobilizing and self-precipitating molecular fluorescent probes for higher-spatial-resolution imaging. Biomaterials 2023; 301:122281. [PMID: 37643487 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Flourished in the past two decades, fluorescent probe technology provides researchers with accurate and efficient tools for in situ imaging of biomarkers in living cells and tissues and may play a significant role in clinical diagnosis and treatment such as biomarker detection, fluorescence imaging-guided surgery, and photothermal/photodynamic therapy. In situ imaging of biomarkers depends on the spatial resolution of molecular probes. Nevertheless, the majority of currently available molecular fluorescent probes suffer from the drawback of diffusing from the target region. This leads to a rapid attenuation of the fluorescent signal over time and a reduction in spatial resolution. Consequently, the diffused fluorescent signal cannot accurately reflect the in situ information of the target. Self-immobilizing and self-precipitating molecular fluorescent probes can be used to overcome this problem. These probes ensure that the fluorescent signal remains at the location where the signal is generated for a long time. In this review, we introduce the development history of the two types of probes and classify them in detail according to different design strategies. In addition, we compare their advantages and disadvantages, summarize some representative studies conducted in recent years, and propose prospects for this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Yan
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Huanying Liu
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yingxu Wu
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Ben Niu
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xiaojing Deng
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Linhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Qi Dang
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yubo Wang
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xiao Lu
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Boyu Zhang
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
| | - Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
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5
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Shao X, Meng C, Song W, Zhang T, Chen Q. Subcellular visualization: Organelle-specific targeted drug delivery and discovery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 199:114977. [PMID: 37391014 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Organelles perform critical biological functions due to their distinct molecular composition and internal environment. Disorders in organelles or their interacting networks have been linked to the incidence of numerous diseases, and the research of pharmacological actions at the organelle level has sparked pharmacists' interest. Currently, cell imaging has evolved into a critical tool for drug delivery, drug discovery, and pharmacological research. The introduction of advanced imaging techniques in recent years has provided researchers with richer biological information for viewing and studying the ultrastructure of organelles, protein interactions, and gene transcription activities, leading to the design and delivery of precision-targeted drugs. Therefore, this reviews the research on organelles-targeted drugs based upon imaging technologies and development of fluorescent molecules for medicinal purposes. We also give a thorough analysis of a number of subcellular-level elements of drug development, including subcellular research instruments and methods, organelle biological event investigation, subcellular target and drug identification, and design of subcellular delivery systems. This review will make it possible to promote drug research from the individual/cellular level to the subcellular level, as well as give a new focus based on newly found organelle activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintian Shao
- School of Life Sciences, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, PR China
| | - Caicai Meng
- School of Life Sciences, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, PR China
| | - Wenjing Song
- School of Life Sciences, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drugs of National Health Commission, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, PR China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province 250014, PR China
| | - Qixin Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drugs of National Health Commission, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, PR China.
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6
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Velicky P, Miguel E, Michalska JM, Lyudchik J, Wei D, Lin Z, Watson JF, Troidl J, Beyer J, Ben-Simon Y, Sommer C, Jahr W, Cenameri A, Broichhagen J, Grant SGN, Jonas P, Novarino G, Pfister H, Bickel B, Danzl JG. Dense 4D nanoscale reconstruction of living brain tissue. Nat Methods 2023; 20:1256-1265. [PMID: 37429995 PMCID: PMC10406607 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-023-01936-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of living brain tissue down to an individual synapse level would create opportunities for decoding the dynamics and structure-function relationships of the brain's complex and dense information processing network; however, this has been hindered by insufficient 3D resolution, inadequate signal-to-noise ratio and prohibitive light burden in optical imaging, whereas electron microscopy is inherently static. Here we solved these challenges by developing an integrated optical/machine-learning technology, LIONESS (live information-optimized nanoscopy enabling saturated segmentation). This leverages optical modifications to stimulated emission depletion microscopy in comprehensively, extracellularly labeled tissue and previous information on sample structure via machine learning to simultaneously achieve isotropic super-resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio and compatibility with living tissue. This allows dense deep-learning-based instance segmentation and 3D reconstruction at a synapse level, incorporating molecular, activity and morphodynamic information. LIONESS opens up avenues for studying the dynamic functional (nano-)architecture of living brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Velicky
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg, Austria
- Core Facility Imaging, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eder Miguel
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Julia M Michalska
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Julia Lyudchik
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Donglai Wei
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Boston College, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zudi Lin
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jake F Watson
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Jakob Troidl
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Johanna Beyer
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yoav Ben-Simon
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg, Austria
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christoph Sommer
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Wiebke Jahr
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg, Austria
- In-Vision Technologies, Guntramsdorf, Austria
| | - Alban Cenameri
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | | | - Seth G N Grant
- Genes to Cognition Program, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain (SIDB), Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Peter Jonas
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Gaia Novarino
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Hanspeter Pfister
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bernd Bickel
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Johann G Danzl
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg, Austria.
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7
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Ebrahimi V, Stephan T, Kim J, Carravilla P, Eggeling C, Jakobs S, Han KY. Deep learning enables fast, gentle STED microscopy. Commun Biol 2023; 6:674. [PMID: 37369761 PMCID: PMC10300082 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05054-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
STED microscopy is widely used to image subcellular structures with super-resolution. Here, we report that restoring STED images with deep learning can mitigate photobleaching and photodamage by reducing the pixel dwell time by one or two orders of magnitude. Our method allows for efficient and robust restoration of noisy 2D and 3D STED images with multiple targets and facilitates long-term imaging of mitochondrial dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Ebrahimi
- CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Till Stephan
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jiah Kim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Pablo Carravilla
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology e.V., Jena, Germany, member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Institute of Applied Optics and Biophysics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Eggeling
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology e.V., Jena, Germany, member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Institute of Applied Optics and Biophysics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Jena School for Microbial Communication, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stefan Jakobs
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Translational Neuroinflammation and Automated Microscopy, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kyu Young Han
- CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
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8
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Barsanti L, Birindelli L, Sbrana F, Lombardi G, Gualtieri P. Advanced Microscopy Techniques for Molecular Biophysics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9973. [PMID: 37373120 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Though microscopy is most often intended as a technique for providing qualitative assessment of cellular and subcellular properties, when coupled with other instruments such as wavelength selectors, lasers, photoelectric devices and computers, it can perform a wide variety of quantitative measurements, which are demanding in establishing relationships between the properties and structures of biological material in all their spatial and temporal complexities. These combinations of instruments are a powerful approach to improve non-destructive investigations of cellular and subcellular properties (both physical and chemical) at a macromolecular scale resolution. Since many subcellular compartments in living cells are characterized by structurally organized molecules, this review deals with three advanced microscopy techniques well-suited for these kind of investigations, i.e., microspectrophotometry (MSP), super-resolution localization microscopy (SRLM) and holotomographic microscopy (HTM). These techniques can achieve an insight view into the role intracellular molecular organizations such as photoreceptive and photosynthetic structures and lipid bodies play in many cellular processes as well as their biophysical properties. Microspectrophotometry uses a set-up based on the combination of a wide-field microscope and a polychromator, which allows the measurement of spectroscopic features such as absorption spectra. Super resolution localization microscopy combines dedicated optics and sophisticated software algorithms to overcome the diffraction limit of light and allow the visualization of subcellular structures and dynamics in greater detail with respect to conventional optical microscopy. Holotomographic microscopy combines holography and tomography techniques into a single microscopy set-up, and allows 3D reconstruction by means of the phase separation of biomolecule condensates. This review is organized in sections, which for each technique describe some general aspects, a peculiar theoretical aspect, a specific experimental configuration and examples of applications (fish and algae photoreceptors, single labeled proteins and endocellular aggregates of lipids).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Barsanti
- Istituto di Biofisica, CNR, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Giovanni Lombardi
- Istituto di Scienza e Tecnologia dell'Informazione, CNR, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Gualtieri
- Istituto di Biofisica, CNR, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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9
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Tang M, Han Y, Jia D, Yang Q, Cheng JX. Far-field super-resolution chemical microscopy. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:137. [PMID: 37277396 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01182-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Far-field chemical microscopy providing molecular electronic or vibrational fingerprint information opens a new window for the study of three-dimensional biological, material, and chemical systems. Chemical microscopy provides a nondestructive way of chemical identification without exterior labels. However, the diffraction limit of optics hindered it from discovering more details under the resolution limit. Recent development of super-resolution techniques gives enlightenment to open this door behind far-field chemical microscopy. Here, we review recent advances that have pushed the boundary of far-field chemical microscopy in terms of spatial resolution. We further highlight applications in biomedical research, material characterization, environmental study, cultural heritage conservation, and integrated chip inspection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Intelligent Perception Research Institute, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Yubing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Danchen Jia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02459, USA
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Intelligent Perception Research Institute, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02459, USA.
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10
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Duan H, Wang M, Hu X, Li Z, Jiang M, Wang S, Cao Y, Li X, Qin F. Aberration-compensated supercritical lens for sub-diffractive focusing within 20° field of view. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:2523-2526. [PMID: 37186698 DOI: 10.1364/ol.489652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The supercritical lens has shown a remarkable capability of achieving far-field sub-diffraction limited focusing through elaborating a modulated interference effect. Benefiting from the relative high energy utilization efficiency and weak sidelobe properties, the supercritical lens holds significant advantage in a series of application scenarios. However, all of the demonstrated supercritical lenses mainly work in the on-axis illumination condition, so the off-axis aberration effect will severely deteriorate its sub-diffraction limit focusing capability for the illuminating beam with an oblique angle. In this work, an aberration-compensated supercritical lens with single-layer configuration is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Such a single-layer supercritical lens consists of multilevel phase configurations patterned with the two-photon polymerization lithography technique. The simulation and experimental recorded results show that the aberration-compensated supercritical lens with a numerical aperture value of 0.63 could achieve a far-field sub-diffraction limited focusing property within 20° field of view at a wavelength of λ = 633 nm. This monochromatic aberration-compensated supercritical lens with single-layer configuration indicates excellent potential in the development of laser scanning ultrahigh optical storage and label free super-resolution imaging.
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11
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Fang X, Wen K, An S, Zheng J, Li J, Zalevsky Z, Gao P. Reconstruction algorithm using 2N+1 raw images for structured illumination microscopy. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2023; 40:765-773. [PMID: 37132974 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.483884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a structured illumination microscopy (SIM) reconstruction algorithm that allows the reconstruction of super-resolved images with 2N + 1 raw intensity images, with N being the number of structured illumination directions used. The intensity images are recorded after using a 2D grating for the projection fringe and a spatial light modulator to select two orthogonal fringe orientations and perform phase shifting. Super-resolution images can be reconstructed from the five intensity images, enhancing the imaging speed and reducing the photobleaching by 17%, compared to conventional two-direction and three-step phase-shifting SIM. We believe the proposed technique will be further developed and widely applied in many fields.
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12
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Galiani S, Eggeling C, Reglinski K. Super-resolution microscopy and studies of peroxisomes. Biol Chem 2023; 404:87-106. [PMID: 36698322 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2022-0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence microscopy is an important tool for studying cellular structures such as organelles. Unfortunately, many details in the corresponding images are hidden due to the resolution limit of conventional lens-based far-field microscopy. An example is the study of peroxisomes, where important processes such as molecular organization during protein important can simply not be studied with conventional far-field microscopy methods. A remedy is super-resolution fluorescence microscopy, which is nowadays a well-established technique for the investigation of inner-cellular structures but has so far to a lesser extent been applied to the study of peroxisomes. To help advancing the latter, we here give an overview over the different super-resolution microscopy approaches and their potentials and challenges in cell-biological research, including labelling issues and a focus on studies on peroxisomes. Here, we also highlight experiments beyond simple imaging such as observations of diffusion dynamics of peroxisomal proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Galiani
- Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Christian Eggeling
- Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.,Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology e.V., Albert-Einstein Strasse 9, D-07745 Jena, Germany, Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Jena, Germany.,Institute of Applied Optics and Biophysics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Katharina Reglinski
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology e.V., Albert-Einstein Strasse 9, D-07745 Jena, Germany, Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Jena, Germany.,Institute of Applied Optics and Biophysics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany.,University Clinics Jena, Bachstraße 18, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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13
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Ebrahimi V, Stephan T, Kim J, Carravilla P, Eggeling C, Jakobs S, Han KY. Deep learning enables fast, gentle STED microscopy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 36747618 PMCID: PMC9900922 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.26.525571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
STED microscopy is widely used to image subcellular structures with super-resolution. Here, we report that denoising STED images with deep learning can mitigate photobleaching and photodamage by reducing the pixel dwell time by one or two orders of magnitude. Our method allows for efficient and robust restoration of noisy 2D and 3D STED images with multiple targets and facilitates long-term imaging of mitochondrial dynamics.
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14
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Willig KI. In vivo super-resolution of the brain – How to visualize the hidden nanoplasticity? iScience 2022; 25:104961. [PMID: 36093060 PMCID: PMC9449647 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy has entered most biological laboratories worldwide and its benefit is undisputable. Its application to brain imaging, for example in living mice, enables the study of sub-cellular structural plasticity and brain function directly in a living mammal. The demands of brain imaging on the different super-resolution microscopy techniques (STED, RESOLFT, SIM, ISM) and labeling strategies are discussed here as well as the challenges of the required cranial window preparation. Applications of super-resolution in the anesthetized mouse brain enlighten the stability and plasticity of synaptic nanostructures. These studies show the potential of in vivo super-resolution imaging and justify its application more widely in vivo to investigate the role of nanostructures in memory and learning.
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15
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Zheng J, Fang X, Wen K, Li J, Ma Y, Liu M, An S, Li J, Zalevsky Z, Gao P. Large-field lattice structured illumination microscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:27951-27966. [PMID: 36236953 DOI: 10.1364/oe.461615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present large-field, five-step lattice structured illumination microscopy (Lattice SIM). This method utilizes a 2D grating for lattice projection and a spatial light modulator (SLM) for phase shifting. Five phase-shifted intensity images are recorded to reconstruct a super-resolution image, enhancing the imaging speed and reducing the photo-bleaching both by 17%, compared to conventional two-direction and three-shift SIM. Furthermore, lattice SIM has a three-fold spatial bandwidth product (SBP) enhancement compared to SLM/DMD-based SIM, of which the fringe number is limited by the SLM/DMD pixel number. We believe that the proposed technique will be further developed and widely applied in many fields.
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16
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An SJ, Stagi M, Gould TJ, Wu Y, Mlodzianoski M, Rivera-Molina F, Toomre D, Strittmatter SM, De Camilli P, Bewersdorf J, Zenisek D. Multimodal imaging of synaptic vesicles with a single probe. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2022; 2:100199. [PMID: 35497490 PMCID: PMC9046237 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2022.100199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A complete understanding of synaptic-vesicle recycling requires the use of multiple microscopy methods to obtain complementary information. However, many currently available probes are limited to a specific microscopy modality, which necessitates the use of multiple probes and labeling paradigms. Given the complexity of vesicle populations and recycling pathways, having new single-vesicle probes that could be used for multiple microscopy techniques would complement existing sets of tools for studying vesicle function. Here, we present a probe based on the membrane-binding C2 domain of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) that fulfills this need. By conjugating the C2 domain with different detectable tags, we demonstrate that a single, modular probe can allow synaptic vesicles to be imaged at multiple levels of spatial and temporal resolution. Moreover, as a general endocytic marker, the C2 domain may also be used to study membrane recycling in many cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong J. An
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Massimiliano Stagi
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration & Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Kavli Institute of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool 69 3BX, UK
| | - Travis J. Gould
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bates College, Lewiston, ME 04240, USA
| | - Yumei Wu
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration & Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Kavli Institute of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Michael Mlodzianoski
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Kavli Institute of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Felix Rivera-Molina
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Derek Toomre
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Stephen M. Strittmatter
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration & Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Kavli Institute of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Pietro De Camilli
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration & Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Kavli Institute of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Joerg Bewersdorf
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Kavli Institute of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - David Zenisek
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration & Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Kavli Institute of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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17
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Super-resolution microscopy to visualize and quantify protein microstructural organization in food materials and its relation to rheology: Egg white proteins. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Kratz J, Geisler C, Egner A. ISM-assisted tomographic STED microscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:939-956. [PMID: 35209272 DOI: 10.1364/oe.445441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy theoretically provides unlimited resolution. However, in practice the achievable resolution in biological samples is essentially limited by photobleaching. One method which overcomes this problem is tomographic STED (tomoSTED) microscopy. In tomoSTED microscopy, one-dimensional depletion patterns facing in different directions are successively applied in order to acquire a highly-resolved image in two dimensions. In this context, the number of addressed directions depends on the desired angular homogeneity of the point spread function or the optical transfer function and thus on the resolution increase as compared to diffraction-limited imaging. At a reasonable angular homogeneity the light dose and thus bleaching can be reduced, as compared to conventional STED microscopy. Here, we propose and demonstrate for the first time, to our knowledge, that the number of required depletion pattern orientations can be reduced by combining tomoSTED microscopy with the concept of image scanning microscopy (ISM). With our realization of an ISM-tomoSTED microscope, we show that approximately a factor of 2 lower number of orientations are required to achieve the same resolution and image quality as in tomoSTED microscopy.
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19
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Cerri DG, Rodrigues LC, Fermino ML, Papoti M, Cummings RD, Stowell SR, Dias-Baruffi M. Investigation of Galectins in Frozen Tissue and Mammalian Cell Culture Using Confocal Miccroscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2442:289-306. [PMID: 35320532 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2055-7_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Galectins are multifunctional glycan-binding proteins present in various tissues that participate in multiple physiological and pathological processes and are considered as not only biomarkers of human diseases but also molecular targets for treating cancer and inflammatory illnesses in many organs. In the glycobiology field, it is crucial to determine the pattern of galectin expression and location in cells and tissues. Confocal microscopy is a powerful imaging technology that represents a unique approach to investigate the expression and location of biomolecules in various tissues and cells. The confocal microscope acquires images of the specimen through the reflected or fluorescent light from the objective's focal plane, using laser light focused on a small spot inside the tissue or cell. This technique provides high-resolution and high-contrast images without artifacts generated by conventional microscopy and enables reconstruction of virtual tridimensional images by acquiring multiple sections from several focal planes, which makes it possible to obtain the precise spatial location of any cellular structure or molecule. Furthermore, confocal microscopy is a non-invasive tissue imaging strategy used in clinical practices. We describe herein the immunofluorescence confocal method for examining galectins in frozen tissue sections and mammalian cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Giuliano Cerri
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas da Faculdade de Ciências Farmacênuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Lilian Cataldi Rodrigues
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas da Faculdade de Ciências Farmacênuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Marise Lopes Fermino
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas da Faculdade de Ciências Farmacênuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Papoti
- Escola de Educação Física e Esporte de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, National Center for Functional Glycomics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sean R Stowell
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcelo Dias-Baruffi
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas da Faculdade de Ciências Farmacênuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil.
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20
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Carravilla P, Dasgupta A, Zhurgenbayeva G, Danylchuk DI, Klymchenko AS, Sezgin E, Eggeling C. Long-term STED imaging of membrane packing and dynamics by exchangeable polarity-sensitive dyes. BIOPHYSICAL REPORTS 2021; 1:None. [PMID: 34939048 PMCID: PMC8651516 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpr.2021.100023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the plasma membrane nanoscale organization and dynamics in living cells requires microscopy techniques with high spatial and temporal resolution that permit for long acquisition times and allow for the quantification of membrane biophysical properties, such as lipid ordering. Among the most popular super-resolution techniques, stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy offers one of the highest temporal resolutions, ultimately defined by the scanning speed. However, monitoring live processes using STED microscopy is significantly limited by photobleaching, which recently has been circumvented by exchangeable membrane dyes that only temporarily reside in the membrane. Here, we show that NR4A, a polarity-sensitive exchangeable plasma membrane probe based on Nile red, permits the super-resolved quantification of membrane biophysical parameters in real time with high temporal and spatial resolution as well as long acquisition times. The potential of this polarity-sensitive exchangeable dye is showcased by live-cell real-time three-dimensional STED recordings of bleb formation and lipid exchange during membrane fusion as well as by STED-fluorescence correlation spectroscopy experiments for the simultaneous quantification of membrane dynamics and lipid packing that correlate in model and live-cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Carravilla
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology e.V., Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Institute of Applied Optics and Biophysics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Anindita Dasgupta
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology e.V., Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Institute of Applied Optics and Biophysics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Gaukhar Zhurgenbayeva
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Institute of Applied Optics and Biophysics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Jena School for Microbial Communication, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Dmytro I. Danylchuk
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Andrey S. Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Erdinc Sezgin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christian Eggeling
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology e.V., Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Institute of Applied Optics and Biophysics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Jena School for Microbial Communication, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Jena Center for Soft Matter, Jena, Germany
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21
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[Comparison and progress review of various super-resolution fluorescence imaging techniques]. Se Pu 2021; 39:1055-1064. [PMID: 34505427 PMCID: PMC9404158 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2021.06015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
“Seeing is believing” is the central philosophy of life science research, which runs through the continuous understanding of individual molecules, molecular complexes, molecular dynamic behavior, and the entire molecular network. Living and dynamic molecules are functional in nature; therefore, fluorescence microscopy has emerged as an irreplaceable tool in life science research. However, when fluorescence imaging is performed at the molecular level, some artificial signals may lead to erroneous experimental results. This obstacle is due to the limitation of the optical diffraction limit, and the fluorescence microscope cannot distinguish the target in the diffraction-limited space. Super-resolution fluorescence imaging technology breaks through the diffraction limit, allows visualization of biomolecules at the nanometer scale to the single-molecule level, and allows us to study the structure and dynamic processes of living cells with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. It has become a powerful tool for life science research and is gradually being applied to material science, catalytic reaction processes, and photolithography as well. The principle of super-resolution imaging technologies is different; therefore, it has different technical performances, thus limiting their specific technical characteristics and application scope. Current mainstream super-resolution imaging technologies can be classified into three types: structured illumination microscopy (SIM), stimulated emission depletion (STED), and single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM). These microscopes use different complex technologies, but the strategy is the same and simple, i.e. two adjacent luminous points in a diffraction-limited space can be spatially resolved by time resolution. SIM has been used for three-dimensional real-time imaging in multicellular organisms; however, compared with other technologies, its lower horizontal and vertical resolutions need to be further optimized. STED is limited by its small imaging field of view and high photobleaching; however, the best time resolution can be considered at a high spatial resolution, and it has been proven that three-color STED imaging can be performed. In SMLM super-resolution imaging, the time resolution is affected by the time required to locate all fluorophores, which is closely related to the switching and luminescence properties of the fluorophore. With the improvement in horizontal and vertical resolution of imaging, the image acquisition speed, photobleaching characteristics, and the possibility of multi-color and dynamic imaging have increasingly become the key determinants of super-resolution fluorescence imaging. Thus far, the main use of super-resolution imaging technology has been focused on biological applications for studying structural changes less than 200 nm in dimension. In addition to the combination of structural and morphological characterization with biomolecular detection and identification, super-resolution imaging technology is rapidly expanding into the fields of interaction mapping, multi-target detection, and real-time imaging. In the latter applications, super-resolution imaging technology is particularly advantageous because of more flexible sample staining, higher labeling efficiency, faster and simpler readings, and gentler sample preparation procedures. In this article, we compare the principles of these three technologies and introduce their application progress in biology. We expect the results described herein will help researchers clarify the technical advantages and applicable application directions of different super-resolution imaging technologies, thus facilitating researchers in making reasonable choices in future research.
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22
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Bancelin S, Mercier L, Murana E, Nägerl UV. Aberration correction in stimulated emission depletion microscopy to increase imaging depth in living brain tissue. NEUROPHOTONICS 2021; 8:035001. [PMID: 34136589 PMCID: PMC8200361 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.8.3.035001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy enables nanoscale imaging of live samples, but it requires a specific spatial beam shaping that is highly sensitive to optical aberrations, limiting its depth penetration. Therefore, there is a need for methods to reduce optical aberrations and improve the spatial resolution of STED microscopy inside thick biological tissue. Aim: The aim of our work was to develop and validate a method based on adaptive optics to achieve an a priori correction of spherical aberrations as a function of imaging depth. Approach: We first measured the aberrations in a phantom sample of gold and fluorescent nanoparticles suspended in an agarose gel with a refractive index closely matching living brain tissue. We then used a spatial light modulator to apply corrective phase shifts and validate this calibration approach by imaging neurons in living brain slices. Results: After quantifying the spatial resolution in depth in phantom samples, we demonstrated that the corrections can substantially increase image quality in living brain slices. Specifically, we could measure structures as small as 80 nm at a depth of 90 μ m inside the biological tissue and obtain a 60% signal increase after correction. Conclusion: We propose a simple and robust approach to calibrate and compensate the distortions of the STED beam profile introduced by spherical aberrations with increasing imaging depth and demonstrated that this method offers significant improvements in microscopy performance for nanoscale cellular imaging in live tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Bancelin
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Luc Mercier
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Emanuele Murana
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - U. Valentin Nägerl
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
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23
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Matryba P, Łukasiewicz K, Pawłowska M, Tomczuk J, Gołąb J. Can Developments in Tissue Optical Clearing Aid Super-Resolution Microscopy Imaging? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136730. [PMID: 34201632 PMCID: PMC8268743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of super-resolution microscopy (SRM) techniques opens new avenues to examine cell and tissue details at a nanometer scale. Due to compatibility with specific labelling approaches, in vivo imaging and the relative ease of sample preparation, SRM appears to be a valuable alternative to laborious electron microscopy techniques. SRM, however, is not free from drawbacks, with the rapid quenching of the fluorescence signal, sensitivity to spherical aberrations and light scattering that typically limits imaging depth up to few micrometers being the most pronounced ones. Recently presented and robustly optimized sets of tissue optical clearing (TOC) techniques turn biological specimens transparent, which greatly increases the tissue thickness that is available for imaging without loss of resolution. Hence, SRM and TOC are naturally synergistic techniques, and a proper combination of these might promptly reveal the three-dimensional structure of entire organs with nanometer resolution. As such, an effort to introduce large-scale volumetric SRM has already started; in this review, we discuss TOC approaches that might be favorable during the preparation of SRM samples. Thus, special emphasis is put on TOC methods that enhance the preservation of fluorescence intensity, offer the homogenous distribution of molecular probes, and vastly decrease spherical aberrations. Finally, we review examples of studies in which both SRM and TOC were successfully applied to study biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Matryba
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (J.T.); (J.G.)
- The Doctoral School of the Medical University of Warsaw, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, BRAINCITY, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Kacper Łukasiewicz
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA;
| | - Monika Pawłowska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, BRAINCITY, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Tomczuk
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (J.T.); (J.G.)
| | - Jakub Gołąb
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (J.T.); (J.G.)
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24
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Ghithan JH, Noel JM, Roussel TJ, McCall MA, Alphenaar BW, Mendes SB. Photobleaching reduction in modulated super-resolution microscopy. Microscopy (Oxf) 2021; 70:278-288. [PMID: 33064828 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfaa062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Important breakthroughs in far-field imaging techniques have been made since the first demonstrations of stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy. To date, the most straightforward and widespread deployment of STED microscopy has used continuous wave (CW) laser beams for both the excitation and depletion of fluorescence emission. A major drawback of the CW STED imaging technique has been photobleaching effects due to the high optical power needed in the depletion beam to reach sub-diffraction resolution. To overcome this hurdle, we have applied a synchronous detection approach based on modulating the excitation laser beam, while keeping the depletion beam at CW operation, and frequency filtering the collected signal with a lock-in amplifier to record solely the super-resolved fluorescence emission. We demonstrate here that such approach allows an important reduction in the optical power of both laser beams that leads to measurable decreases in photobleaching effects in STED microscopy. We report super-resolution images with relatively low powers for both the excitation and depletion beams. In addition, typical unwanted scattering effects and background signal generated from the depletion beam, which invariably arises from mismatches in refractive index in the material composing the sample, are largely reduced by using the modulated STED approach. The capability of acquiring super-resolution images with relatively low power is quite relevant for studying a variety of samples, but particularly important for biological species as exemplified in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar H Ghithan
- University of Louisville, Department of Physics and Astronomy, 215 Eastern Pkwy, Louisville, Kentucky, United States, 40292
| | - Jennifer M Noel
- University of Louisville, Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, 511 South Floyd, Louisville, Kentucky, United States, 40202
| | - Thomas J Roussel
- University of Louisville, Department of Bioengineering, J. B. Speed School of Engineering, Louisville, Kentucky, United States, 40292
| | - Maureen A McCall
- University of Louisville, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, 301 E. Muhammad Ali Blvd., Louisville, Kentucky, United States, 40202
| | - Bruce W Alphenaar
- University of Louisville, Department of Electrical Engineering, J. B. Speed School of Engineering, Louisville, Kentucky, United States, 40292
| | - Sergio B Mendes
- University of Louisville, Department of Physics and Astronomy, 215 Eastern Pkwy, Louisville, Kentucky, United States, 40292
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25
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Lin R, Kipreos ET, Zhu J, Khang CH, Kner P. Subcellular three-dimensional imaging deep through multicellular thick samples by structured illumination microscopy and adaptive optics. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3148. [PMID: 34035309 PMCID: PMC8149693 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23449-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Structured Illumination Microscopy enables live imaging with sub-diffraction resolution. Unfortunately, optical aberrations can lead to loss of resolution and artifacts in Structured Illumination Microscopy rendering the technique unusable in samples thicker than a single cell. Here we report on the combination of Adaptive Optics and Structured Illumination Microscopy enabling imaging with 150 nm lateral and 570 nm axial resolution at a depth of 80 µm through Caenorhabditis elegans. We demonstrate that Adaptive Optics improves the three-dimensional resolution, especially along the axial direction, and reduces artifacts, successfully realizing 3D-Structured Illumination Microscopy in a variety of biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhe Lin
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Edward T Kipreos
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Chang Hyun Khang
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Peter Kner
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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Malein RNE, Khatri P, Ramsay AJ, Luxmoore IJ. Stimulated Emission Depletion Spectroscopy of Color Centers in Hexagonal Boron Nitride. ACS PHOTONICS 2021; 8:1007-1012. [PMID: 34056033 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.1c00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the use of Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED) spectroscopy to map the electron-optical-phonon sideband of the ground state of the radiative transition of color centers in hexagonal boron nitride emitting at 2.0-2.2 eV, with in-plane linear polarization. The measurements are compared to photoluminescence of excitation (PLE) spectra that maps the electron-optical-phonon sideband of the excited state. The main qualitative difference is a red-shift in the longitudinal optical phonon peak associated with E 1u symmetry at the zone center. We compare our results to theoretical work on different defect species in hBN and find they are consistent with a carbon-based defect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Prince Khatri
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Ramsay
- Hitachi Cambridge Laboratory, Hitachi Europe Ltd., Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Isaac J Luxmoore
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, United Kingdom
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27
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Pushing the super-resolution limit: recent improvements in microscopy below the diffraction limit. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:431-439. [PMID: 33599719 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Super-resolution microscopy has revolutionised the way we observe biological systems. These methods are now a staple of fluorescence microscopy. Researchers have used super-resolution methods in myriad systems to extract nanoscale spatial information on multiple interacting parts. These methods are continually being extended and reimagined to further push their resolving power and achieve truly single protein resolution. Here, we explore the most recent advances at the frontier of the 'super-resolution' limit and what opportunities remain for further improvements in the near future.
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Lelek M, Gyparaki MT, Beliu G, Schueder F, Griffié J, Manley S, Jungmann R, Sauer M, Lakadamyali M, Zimmer C. Single-molecule localization microscopy. NATURE REVIEWS. METHODS PRIMERS 2021; 1:39. [PMID: 35663461 PMCID: PMC9160414 DOI: 10.1038/s43586-021-00038-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) describes a family of powerful imaging techniques that dramatically improve spatial resolution over standard, diffraction-limited microscopy techniques and can image biological structures at the molecular scale. In SMLM, individual fluorescent molecules are computationally localized from diffraction-limited image sequences and the localizations are used to generate a super-resolution image or a time course of super-resolution images, or to define molecular trajectories. In this Primer, we introduce the basic principles of SMLM techniques before describing the main experimental considerations when performing SMLM, including fluorescent labelling, sample preparation, hardware requirements and image acquisition in fixed and live cells. We then explain how low-resolution image sequences are computationally processed to reconstruct super-resolution images and/or extract quantitative information, and highlight a selection of biological discoveries enabled by SMLM and closely related methods. We discuss some of the main limitations and potential artefacts of SMLM, as well as ways to alleviate them. Finally, we present an outlook on advanced techniques and promising new developments in the fast-evolving field of SMLM. We hope that this Primer will be a useful reference for both newcomers and practitioners of SMLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickaël Lelek
- Imaging and Modeling Unit, Department of Computational
Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 3691, Paris, France
| | - Melina T. Gyparaki
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gerti Beliu
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics Biocenter,
University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Florian Schueder
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig
Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried,
Germany
| | - Juliette Griffié
- Laboratory of Experimental Biophysics, Institute of
Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL),
Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Suliana Manley
- Laboratory of Experimental Biophysics, Institute of
Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL),
Lausanne, Switzerland
- ;
;
;
;
| | - Ralf Jungmann
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig
Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried,
Germany
- ;
;
;
;
| | - Markus Sauer
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics Biocenter,
University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- ;
;
;
;
| | - Melike Lakadamyali
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine,
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman
School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine,
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- ;
;
;
;
| | - Christophe Zimmer
- Imaging and Modeling Unit, Department of Computational
Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 3691, Paris, France
- ;
;
;
;
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29
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Li M, Huang ZL. Rethinking resolution estimation in fluorescence microscopy: from theoretical resolution criteria to super-resolution microscopy. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 63:1776-1785. [PMID: 33351176 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1785-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Resolution is undoubtedly the most important parameter in optical microscopy by providing an estimation on the maximum resolving power of a certain optical microscope. For centuries, the resolution of an optical microscope is generally considered to be limited only by the numerical aperture of the optical system and the wavelength of light. However, since the invention and popularity of various advanced fluorescence microscopy techniques, especially super-resolution fluorescence microscopy, many new methods have been proposed for estimating the resolution, leading to confusions for researchers who need to quantify the resolution of their fluorescence microscopes. In this paper, we firstly summarize the early concepts and criteria for predicting the resolution limit of an ideal optical system. Then, we discuss some important influence factors that deteriorate the resolution of a certain fluorescence microscope. Finally, we provide methods and examples on how to measure the resolution of a fluorescence microscope from captured fluorescence images. This paper aims to answer as best as possible the theoretical and practical issues regarding the resolution estimation in fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhen-Li Huang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China. .,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China. .,School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
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30
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Frawley AT, Wycisk V, Xiong Y, Galiani S, Sezgin E, Urbančič I, Vargas Jentzsch A, Leslie KG, Eggeling C, Anderson HL. Super-resolution RESOLFT microscopy of lipid bilayers using a fluorophore-switch dyad. Chem Sci 2020; 11:8955-8960. [PMID: 34123149 PMCID: PMC8163400 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02447c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyads consisting of a photochromic switch covalently linked to a fluorescent dye allow the emission from the dye to be controlled by reversible photoisomerization of the switch; one form of the switch quenches fluorescence by accepting energy from the dye. Here we investigate the use of dyads of this type for super-resolution imaging of lipid bilayers. Giant unilamellar vesicles stained with the dyads were imaged with about a two-fold resolution-enhancement compared with conventional confocal microscopy. This was achieved by exciting the fluorophore at 594 nm, using a switch activated by violet and red light (405/640 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Frawley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Virginia Wycisk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Yaoyao Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Silvia Galiani
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford Oxford OX3 9DS UK
| | - Erdinc Sezgin
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford Oxford OX3 9DS UK
| | - Iztok Urbančič
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford Oxford OX3 9DS UK
| | - Andreas Vargas Jentzsch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory Oxford OX1 3TA UK
- SAMS Research Group, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS-UPR 22, University of Strasbourg Strasbourg Cedex 2 67034 France
| | - Kathryn G Leslie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Christian Eggeling
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford Oxford OX3 9DS UK
- Institute of Applied Optics and Biophysics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena Max-Wien Platz 4 07743 Jena Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology e.V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 9 07745 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Harry L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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Abstract
To date, single molecule studies have been reliant on tethering or confinement to achieve long duration and high temporal resolution measurements. Here, we present a 3D single-molecule active real-time tracking method (3D-SMART) which is capable of locking on to single fluorophores in solution for minutes at a time with photon limited temporal resolution. As a demonstration, 3D-SMART is applied to actively track single Atto 647 N fluorophores in 90% glycerol solution with an average duration of ~16 s at count rates of ~10 kHz. Active feedback tracking is further applied to single proteins and nucleic acids, directly measuring the diffusion of various lengths (99 to 1385 bp) of single DNA molecules at rates up to 10 µm2/s. In addition, 3D-SMART is able to quantify the occupancy of single Spinach2 RNA aptamers and capture active transcription on single freely diffusing DNA. 3D-SMART represents a critical step towards the untethering of single molecule spectroscopy. Single molecule observation has been limited to tethered molecules to ensure that the target remains in the field of view (FOV). Here, the authors develop a real-time tracking method that locks onto rapidly diffusing targets and tracks them in a 3D volume, enabling single molecules to remain in the FOV for minutes at a time.
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32
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Fu W, Min J, Jiang W, Li Y, Zhang W. Separation, characterization and identification of microplastics and nanoplastics in the environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 721:137561. [PMID: 32172100 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have globally been detected in aquatic and marine environments, which has raised scientific interests and public health concerns during the past decade. MPs are those polymeric particles with at least one dimension <5 mm. MPs possess complex physicochemical properties that vary their mobility, bioavailability and toxicity toward organisms and interactions with their surrounding pollutants. Similar to nanomaterials and nanoparticles, accurate and reliable detection and measurement of MPs or nanoplastics and their characteristics are important to warrant a comprehensive understanding of their environmental and ecological impacts. This review elaborates the principles and applications of diverse analytical instruments or techniques for separation, characterization and quantification of MPs in the environment. The strength and weakness of different instrumental methods in separation, morphological, physical classification, chemical characterization and quantification for MPs are critically compared and analyzed. There is a demand for standardized experimental procedures and characterization analysis due to the complex transformation, cross-contamination and heterogeneous properties of MPs in size and chemical compositions. Moreover, this review highlights emerging and promising characterization techniques that may have been overlooked by research communities to study MPs. The future research efforts may need to develop and implement new analytical tools and combinations of hyphenated technologies to complement respective limitations of detection and yield reliable characterization information for MPs. The goal of this critical review is to facilitate the research of plastic particles and pollutants in the environment and understanding of their environmental and human health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyi Fu
- John A. Reif, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA; Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiacheng Min
- John A. Reif, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA; Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiyu Jiang
- John A. Reif, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA; Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Zhang
- John A. Reif, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA; Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, People's Republic of China.
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33
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Girsault A, Meller A. Sub-second, super-resolved imaging of biological systems using parallel EO-STED. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:2712-2715. [PMID: 32412448 PMCID: PMC8358822 DOI: 10.1364/ol.392822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a parallel stimulated emission depletion (STED) nanoscope with no mechanical moving parts and sub-millisecond pixel dwell times, relying on electro-optical (EO) phase modulators. The nanoscope offers 1225-fold parallelization over single-doughnut-scanning STED and achieves a spatial resolution of 35 nm. We imaged immunostained nuclear pore complexes of zebrafish within their natural biological environment, demonstrating spatial and temporal resolutions of 56 nm and 0.2 s, respectively. Furthermore, we show parallel EO-STED sub-second imaging of microtubules inside living cells. Finally, we reveal the nanodomain organization of a eukaryotic initiation factor within the processing bodies of fixed cells. The potential of parallel EO-STED to offer microsecond pixel dwell times over large fields of view promises millisecond STED imaging.
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34
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Supercritical angle fluorescence for enhanced axial sectioning in STED microscopy. Methods 2020; 174:20-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2019.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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35
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Vinçon B, Geisler C, Egner A. Pixel hopping enables fast STED nanoscopy at low light dose. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:4516-4528. [PMID: 32121686 DOI: 10.1364/oe.385174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The achievable image quality in fluorescence microscopy and nanoscopy is usually limited by photobleaching. Reducing the light dose imposed on the sample is thus a challenge for all these imaging techniques. Various approaches like CLEM, RESCue, MINFIELD, DyMIN and smart RESOLFT have been presented in the last years and have proven to significantly reduce the required light dose in diffraction-limited as well as super-resolution imaging, thus resulting in less photobleaching and phototoxicity. None of these methods has so far been able to transfer the light dose reduction into a faster recording at pixel dwell times of a few ten microseconds. By implementing a scan system with low latency and large field of view we could directly convert the light dose reduction of RESCue into a shorter acquisition time for STED nanoscopy. In this way, FastRESCue speeds up the acquisition locally up to 10-fold and allows overall for a 5 times faster acquisition at only 20% of the light dose in biological samples.
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Zdańkowski P, Trusiak M, McGloin D, Swedlow JR. Numerically Enhanced Stimulated Emission Depletion Microscopy with Adaptive Optics for Deep-Tissue Super-Resolved Imaging. ACS NANO 2020; 14:394-405. [PMID: 31841303 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b05891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In stimulated emission depletion (STED) nanoscopy, the major origin of decreased signal-to-noise ratio within images can be attributed to sample photobleaching and strong optical aberrations. This is due to STED utilizing a high-power depletion laser (increasing the risk of photodamage), while the depletion beam is very sensitive to sample-induced aberrations. Here, we demonstrate a custom-built STED microscope with automated aberration correction that is capable of 3D super-resolution imaging through thick, highly aberrating tissue. We introduce and investigate a state of the art image denoising method by block-matching and collaborative 3D filtering (BM3D) to numerically enhance fine object details otherwise mixed with noise and further enhance the image quality. Numerical denoising provides an increase in the final effective resolution of the STED imaging of 31% using the well established Fourier ring correlation metric. Results achieved through the combination of aberration correction and tailored image processing are experimentally validated through super-resolved 3D imaging of axons in differentiated induced pluripotent stem cells growing under an 80 μm thick layer of tissue with lateral and axial resolution of 204 and 310 nm, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Zdańkowski
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences , University of Dundee , Dundee DD1 5EH , United Kingdom
- SUPA, School of Science and Engineering , University of Dundee , Dundee DD1 4HN , United Kingdom
- Institute of Micromechanics and Photonics , Warsaw University of Technology , 8 A. Boboli Street , Warsaw 02-525 , Poland
| | - Maciej Trusiak
- Institute of Micromechanics and Photonics , Warsaw University of Technology , 8 A. Boboli Street , Warsaw 02-525 , Poland
| | - David McGloin
- SUPA, School of Science and Engineering , University of Dundee , Dundee DD1 4HN , United Kingdom
- School of Electrical and Data Engineering , University of Technology Sydney , Ultimo , New South Wales 2007 , Australia
| | - Jason R Swedlow
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences , University of Dundee , Dundee DD1 5EH , United Kingdom
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37
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Würthwein T, Irwin N, Fallnich C. Saturated Raman scattering for sub-diffraction-limited imaging. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:194201. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5128874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T. Würthwein
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - N. Irwin
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - C. Fallnich
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 – CiM), Münster, Germany
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38
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Reshetniak S, Rizzoli SO. Interrogating Synaptic Architecture: Approaches for Labeling Organelles and Cytoskeleton Components. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2019; 11:23. [PMID: 31507402 PMCID: PMC6716447 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2019.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic transmission has been studied for decades, as a fundamental step in brain function. The structure of the synapse, and its changes during activity, turned out to be key aspects not only in the transfer of information between neurons, but also in cognitive processes such as learning and memory. The overall synaptic morphology has traditionally been studied by electron microscopy, which enables the visualization of synaptic structure in great detail. The changes in the organization of easily identified structures, such as the presynaptic active zone, or the postsynaptic density, are optimally studied via electron microscopy. However, few reliable methods are available for labeling individual organelles or protein complexes in electron microscopy. For such targets one typically relies either on combination of electron and fluorescence microscopy, or on super-resolution fluorescence microscopy. This review focuses on approaches and techniques used to specifically reveal synaptic organelles and protein complexes, such as cytoskeletal assemblies. We place the strongest emphasis on methods detecting the targets of interest by affinity binding, and we discuss the advantages and limitations of each method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofiia Reshetniak
- Institute for Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration (BIN), University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Molecular Biology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Silvio O. Rizzoli
- Institute for Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration (BIN), University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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39
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Strategies to maximize performance in STimulated Emission Depletion (STED) nanoscopy of biological specimens. Methods 2019; 174:27-41. [PMID: 31344404 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2019.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy has become an important catalyst for discovery in the life sciences. In STimulated Emission Depletion (STED) microscopy, a pattern of light drives fluorophores from a signal-emitting on-state to a non-signalling off-state. Only emitters residing in a sub-diffraction volume around an intensity minimum are allowed to fluoresce, rendering them distinguishable from the nearby, but dark fluorophores. STED routinely achieves resolution in the few tens of nanometers range in biological samples and is suitable for live imaging. Here, we review the working principle of STED and provide general guidelines for successful STED imaging. The strive for ever higher resolution comes at the cost of increased light burden. We discuss techniques to reduce light exposure and mitigate its detrimental effects on the specimen. These include specialized illumination strategies as well as protecting fluorophores from photobleaching mediated by high-intensity STED light. This opens up the prospect of volumetric imaging in living cells and tissues with diffraction-unlimited resolution in all three spatial dimensions.
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40
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Graefe CT, Punihaole D, Harris CM, Lynch MJ, Leighton R, Frontiera RR. Far-Field Super-Resolution Vibrational Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2019; 91:8723-8731. [PMID: 31251563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Potential label-free alternatives to super-resolution fluorescence techniques have been the focus of considerable research due to the challenges intrinsic in the reliance on fluorescent tags. In this Feature, we discuss efforts to develop super-resolution techniques based on vibrational spectroscopies and address possible sample applications as well as future potential resolution enhancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian T Graefe
- Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - David Punihaole
- Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Celina M Harris
- Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Michael J Lynch
- Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Ryan Leighton
- Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Renee R Frontiera
- Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
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41
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Single-Molecule Nanoscopy Elucidates RNA Polymerase II Transcription at Single Genes in Live Cells. Cell 2019; 178:491-506.e28. [PMID: 31155237 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Transforming the vast knowledge from genetics, biochemistry, and structural biology into detailed molecular descriptions of biological processes inside cells remains a major challenge-one in sore need of better imaging technologies. For example, transcription involves the complex interplay between RNA polymerase II (Pol II), regulatory factors (RFs), and chromatin, but visualizing these dynamic molecular transactions in their native intracellular milieu remains elusive. Here, we zoom into single tagged genes using nanoscopy techniques, including an active target-locking, ultra-sensitive system that enables single-molecule detection in addressable sub-diffraction volumes, within crowded intracellular environments. We image, track, and quantify Pol II with single-molecule resolution, unveiling its dynamics during the transcription cycle. Further probing multiple functionally linked events-RF-chromatin interactions, Pol II dynamics, and nascent transcription kinetics-reveals detailed operational parameters of gene-regulatory mechanisms hitherto-unseen in vivo. Our approach sets the stage for single-molecule studies of complex molecular processes in live cells.
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42
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Schloetel JG, Heine J, Cowman AF, Pasternak M. Guided STED nanoscopy enables super-resolution imaging of blood stage malaria parasites. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4674. [PMID: 30886187 PMCID: PMC6423018 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40718-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria remains a major burden world-wide, but the disease-causing parasites from the genus Plasmodium are difficult to study in vitro. Owing to the small size of the parasites, subcellular imaging poses a major challenge and the use of super-resolution techniques has been hindered by the parasites' sensitivity to light. This is particularly apparent during the blood-stage of the Plasmodium life cycle, which presents an important target for drug research. The iron-rich food vacuole of the parasite undergoes disintegration when illuminated with high-power lasers such as those required for high resolution in Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED) microscopy. This causes major damage to the sample precluding the use of this super-resolution technique. Here we present guided STED, a novel adaptive illumination (AI) STED approach, which takes advantage of the highly-reflective nature of the iron deposit in the cell to identify the most light-sensitive parts of the sample. Specifically in these parts, the high-power STED laser is deactivated automatically to prevent local damage. Guided STED nanoscopy finally allows super-resolution imaging of the whole Plasmodium life cycle, enabling multicolour imaging of blood-stage malaria parasites with resolutions down to 35 nm without sample destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jörn Heine
- Abberior Instruments GmbH, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alan F Cowman
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michał Pasternak
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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43
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Sato C, Yamazawa T, Ohtani A, Maruyama Y, Memtily N, Sato M, Hatano Y, Shiga T, Ebihara T. Primary cultured neuronal networks and type 2 diabetes model mouse fatty liver tissues in aqueous liquid observed by atmospheric SEM (ASEM): Staining preferences of metal solutions. Micron 2019; 118:9-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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44
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Sahl SJ, Schönle A, Hell SW. Fluorescence Microscopy with Nanometer Resolution. SPRINGER HANDBOOK OF MICROSCOPY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-00069-1_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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45
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Alpár A, Harkany T. Novel insights into the spatial and temporal complexity of hypothalamic organization through precision methods allowing nanoscale resolution. J Intern Med 2018; 284:568-580. [PMID: 30027599 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian hypothalamus contains an astounding heterogeneity of neurons to achieve its role in coordinating central responses to virtually any environmental stressor over the life-span of an individual. Therefore, while core features of intrahypothalamic neuronal modalities and wiring patterns are stable during vertebrate evolution, integration of the hypothalamus into hierarchical brain-wide networks evolved to coordinate its output with emotionality, cognition and conscious decision-making. The advent of single-cell technologies represents a recent milestone in the study of hypothalamic organization by allowing the dissection of cellular heterogeneity and establishing causality between opto- and chemogenetic activity modulation of molecularly-resolved neuronal contingents and specific behaviours. Thus, organizational rules to accumulate an unprecedented variety of hierarchical neuroendocrine command networks into a minimal brain volume are being unravelled. Here, we review recent understanding at nanoscale resolution on how neuronal heterogeneity in the mammalian hypothalamus underpins the diversification of hormonal and synaptic output and keeps those sufficiently labile for continuous adaptation to meet environmental demands. Particular emphasis is directed towards the dissection of neuronal circuitry for aggression and food intake. Mechanistic data encompass cell identities, synaptic connectivity within and outside the hypothalamus to link vegetative and conscious levels of innate behaviours, and context- and circadian rhythm-dependent rules of synaptic neurophysiology to distinguish hypothalamic foci that either tune the body's metabolic set-point or specify behaviours. Consequently, novel insights emerge to explain the evolutionary advantages of non-laminar organization for neuroendocrine circuits coincidently using fast neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. These are then accrued into novel therapeutic principles that meet therapeutic criteria for human metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alpár
- SE NAP Research Group of Experimental Neuroanatomy and Developmental Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - T Harkany
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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46
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Szydlowski NA, Go JS, Hu YS. Chromatin imaging and new technologies for imaging the nucleome. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 11:e1442. [PMID: 30456928 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Synergistic developments in advanced fluorescent imaging and labeling techniques enable direct visualization of the chromatin structure and dynamics at the nanoscale level and in live cells. Super-resolution imaging encompasses a class of constantly evolving techniques that break the diffraction limit of fluorescence microscopy. Structured illumination microscopy provides a twofold resolution improvement and can readily achieve live multicolor imaging using conventional fluorophores. Single-molecule localization microscopy increases the spatial resolution by approximately 10-fold at the expense of slower acquisition speed. Stimulated emission-depletion microscopy generates a roughly fivefold resolution improvement with an imaging speed proportional to the scanning area. In parallel, advanced labeling strategies have been developed to "light up" global and sequence-specific DNA regions. DNA binding dyes have been exploited to achieve high labeling densities in single-molecule localization microscopy and enhance contrast in correlated light and electron microscopy. New-generation Oligopaint utilizes bioinformatics analyses to optimize the design of fluorescence in situ hybridization probes. Through sequential and combinatorial labeling, direct characterization of the DNA domain volume and length as well as the spatial organization of distinct topologically associated domains has been reported. In live cells, locus-specific labeling has been achieved by either inserting artificial loci next to the gene of interest, such as the repressor-operator array systems, or utilizing genome editing tools, including zinc finer proteins, transcription activator-like effectors, and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats systems. Combined with single-molecule tracking, these labeling techniques enable direct visualization of intra- and inter-chromatin interactions. This article is categorized under: Laboratory Methods and Technologies > Imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Szydlowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jane S Go
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ying S Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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47
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Görlitz F, Guldbrand S, Runcorn TH, Murray RT, Jaso-Tamame AL, Sinclair HG, Martinez-Perez E, Taylor JR, Neil MAA, Dunsby C, French PMW. easySLM-STED: Stimulated emission depletion microscopy with aberration correction, extended field of view and multiple beam scanning. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201800087. [PMID: 29978591 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a simplified set-up for STED microscopy with a straightforward alignment procedure that uses a single spatial light modulator (SLM) with collinear incident excitation and depletion beams to provide phase modulation of the beam profiles and correction of optical aberrations. We show that this approach can be used to extend the field of view for STED microscopy by correcting chromatic aberration that otherwise leads to walk-off between the focused excitation and depletion beams. We further show how this arrangement can be adapted to increase the imaging speed through multibeam excitation and depletion. Fine adjustments to the alignment can be accomplished using the SLM only, conferring the potential for automation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Görlitz
- Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Stina Guldbrand
- Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Timothy H Runcorn
- Femtosecond Optics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Robert T Murray
- Femtosecond Optics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Hugo G Sinclair
- Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - James R Taylor
- Femtosecond Optics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mark A A Neil
- Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher Dunsby
- Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Centre for Pathology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paul M W French
- Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
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48
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Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy: principles, practice, and applications to nanospectroscopic imaging of 2D materials. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 411:37-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1392-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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49
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Huang K, Qin F, Liu H, Ye H, Qiu CW, Hong M, Luk'yanchuk B, Teng J. Planar Diffractive Lenses: Fundamentals, Functionalities, and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1704556. [PMID: 29672949 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Traditional objective lenses in modern microscopy, based on the refraction of light, are restricted by the Rayleigh diffraction limit. The existing methods to overcome this limit can be categorized into near-field (e.g., scanning near-field optical microscopy, superlens, microsphere lens) and far-field (e.g., stimulated emission depletion microscopy, photoactivated localization microscopy, stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy) approaches. However, they either operate in the challenging near-field mode or there is the need to label samples in biology. Recently, through manipulation of the diffraction of light with binary masks or gradient metasurfaces, some miniaturized and planar lenses have been reported with intriguing functionalities such as ultrahigh numerical aperture, large depth of focus, and subdiffraction-limit focusing in far-field, which provides a viable solution for the label-free superresolution imaging. Here, the recent advances in planar diffractive lenses (PDLs) are reviewed from a united theoretical account on diffraction-based focusing optics, and the underlying physics of nanofocusing via constructive or destructive interference is revealed. Various approaches of realizing PDLs are introduced in terms of their unique performances and interpreted by using optical aberration theory. Furthermore, a detailed tutorial about applying these planar lenses in nanoimaging is provided, followed by an outlook regarding future development toward practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Huang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
- Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Fei Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Huapeng Ye
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Minghui Hong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Boris Luk'yanchuk
- Data Storage Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-01, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Jinghua Teng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
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50
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Heine J, Wurm CA, Keller-Findeisen J, Schönle A, Harke B, Reuss M, Winter FR, Donnert G. Three dimensional live-cell STED microscopy at increased depth using a water immersion objective. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:053701. [PMID: 29864829 DOI: 10.1063/1.5020249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Modern fluorescence superresolution microscopes are capable of imaging living cells on the nanometer scale. One of those techniques is stimulated emission depletion (STED) which increases the microscope's resolution many times in the lateral and the axial directions. To achieve these high resolutions not only close to the coverslip but also at greater depths, the choice of objective becomes crucial. Oil immersion objectives have frequently been used for STED imaging since their high numerical aperture (NA) leads to high spatial resolutions. But during live-cell imaging, especially at great penetration depths, these objectives have a distinct disadvantage. The refractive index mismatch between the immersion oil and the usually aqueous embedding media of living specimens results in unwanted spherical aberrations. These aberrations distort the point spread functions (PSFs). Notably, during z- and 3D-STED imaging, the resolution increase along the optical axis is majorly hampered if at all possible. To overcome this limitation, we here use a water immersion objective in combination with a spatial light modulator for z-STED measurements of living samples at great depths. This compact design allows for switching between objectives without having to adapt the STED beam path and enables on the fly alterations of the STED PSF to correct for aberrations. Furthermore, we derive the influence of the NA on the axial STED resolution theoretically and experimentally. We show under live-cell imaging conditions that a water immersion objective leads to far superior results than an oil immersion objective at penetration depths of 5-180 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Heine
- Abberior Instruments GmbH, Hans-Adolf-Krebs-Weg 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian A Wurm
- Abberior Instruments GmbH, Hans-Adolf-Krebs-Weg 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jan Keller-Findeisen
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schönle
- Abberior Instruments GmbH, Hans-Adolf-Krebs-Weg 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Harke
- Abberior Instruments GmbH, Hans-Adolf-Krebs-Weg 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Reuss
- Abberior Instruments GmbH, Hans-Adolf-Krebs-Weg 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Franziska R Winter
- Abberior Instruments GmbH, Hans-Adolf-Krebs-Weg 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerald Donnert
- Abberior Instruments GmbH, Hans-Adolf-Krebs-Weg 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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