1
|
Miladinovic O, Canto PY, Pouget C, Piau O, Radic N, Freschu P, Megherbi A, Brujas Prats C, Jacques S, Hirsinger E, Geeverding A, Dufour S, Petit L, Souyri M, North T, Isambert H, Traver D, Jaffredo T, Charbord P, Durand C. A multistep computational approach reveals a neuro-mesenchymal cell population in the embryonic hematopoietic stem cell niche. Development 2024; 151:dev202614. [PMID: 38451068 PMCID: PMC11057820 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The first hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) emerge in the Aorta-Gonad-Mesonephros (AGM) region of the mid-gestation mouse embryo. However, the precise nature of their supportive mesenchymal microenvironment remains largely unexplored. Here, we profiled transcriptomes of laser micro-dissected aortic tissues at three developmental stages and individual AGM cells. Computational analyses allowed the identification of several cell subpopulations within the E11.5 AGM mesenchyme, with the presence of a yet unidentified subpopulation characterized by the dual expression of genes implicated in adhesive or neuronal functions. We confirmed the identity of this cell subset as a neuro-mesenchymal population, through morphological and lineage tracing assays. Loss of function in the zebrafish confirmed that Decorin, a characteristic extracellular matrix component of the neuro-mesenchyme, is essential for HSPC development. We further demonstrated that this cell population is not merely derived from the neural crest, and hence, is a bona fide novel subpopulation of the AGM mesenchyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivera Miladinovic
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement/UMR7622, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Inserm U1156,9 Quai St-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Canto
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement/UMR7622, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Inserm U1156,9 Quai St-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Claire Pouget
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0380, USA
| | - Olivier Piau
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement/UMR7622, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Inserm U1156,9 Quai St-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine-Team Proliferation and Differentiation of Stem Cells, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, UMR-S 938,F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Nevenka Radic
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement/UMR7622, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Inserm U1156,9 Quai St-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Priscilla Freschu
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement/UMR7622, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Inserm U1156,9 Quai St-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Megherbi
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement/UMR7622, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Inserm U1156,9 Quai St-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Carla Brujas Prats
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement/UMR7622, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Inserm U1156,9 Quai St-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sebastien Jacques
- Plateforme de génomique, Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, Inserm, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Estelle Hirsinger
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement/UMR7622, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Inserm U1156,9 Quai St-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Audrey Geeverding
- Service de microscopie électronique, Fr3631 Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 7-9Quai St-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Dufour
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, Inserm, IMRB, F94010 Créteil, France
| | - Laurence Petit
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement/UMR7622, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Inserm U1156,9 Quai St-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Michele Souyri
- Université de Paris, Inserm UMR 1131, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Hôpital Saint Louis, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Trista North
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Developmental and Regenerative Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hervé Isambert
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, Paris, France
| | - David Traver
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0380, USA
| | - Thierry Jaffredo
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement/UMR7622, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Inserm U1156,9 Quai St-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Charbord
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement/UMR7622, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Inserm U1156,9 Quai St-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Charles Durand
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement/UMR7622, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Inserm U1156,9 Quai St-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gonzalez Galofre ZN, Kilpatrick AM, Marques M, Sá da Bandeira D, Ventura T, Gomez Salazar M, Bouilleau L, Marc Y, Barbosa AB, Rossi F, Beltran M, van de Werken HJG, van IJcken WFJ, Henderson NC, Forbes SJ, Crisan M. Runx1+ vascular smooth muscle cells are essential for hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell development in vivo. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1653. [PMID: 38395882 PMCID: PMC10891074 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44913-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) produce all essential cellular components of the blood. Stromal cell lines supporting HSCs follow a vascular smooth muscle cell (vSMC) differentiation pathway, suggesting that some hematopoiesis-supporting cells originate from vSMC precursors. These pericyte-like precursors were recently identified in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region; however, their role in the hematopoietic development in vivo remains unknown. Here, we identify a subpopulation of NG2+Runx1+ perivascular cells that display a sclerotome-derived vSMC transcriptomic profile. We show that deleting Runx1 in NG2+ cells impairs the hematopoietic development in vivo and causes transcriptional changes in pericytes/vSMCs, endothelial cells and hematopoietic cells in the murine AGM. Importantly, this deletion leads also to a significant reduction of HSC reconstitution potential in the bone marrow in vivo. This defect is developmental, as NG2+Runx1+ cells were not detected in the adult bone marrow, demonstrating the existence of a specialised pericyte population in the HSC-generating niche, unique to the embryo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaniah N Gonzalez Galofre
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine/Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alastair M Kilpatrick
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine/Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Madalena Marques
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine/Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Diana Sá da Bandeira
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine/Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Telma Ventura
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine/Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mario Gomez Salazar
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine/Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Léa Bouilleau
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine/Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yvan Marc
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine/Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ana B Barbosa
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine/Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Fiona Rossi
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine/Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mariana Beltran
- Centre for Inflammation Research/Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Harmen J G van de Werken
- Cancer Computational Biology Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilfred F J van IJcken
- Center for Biomics, Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, 3015 GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Neil C Henderson
- Centre for Inflammation Research/Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stuart J Forbes
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine/Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mihaela Crisan
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine/Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vink CS, Popravko A, Dzierzak E. De novo hematopoietic (stem) cell generation - A differentiation or stochastic process? Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 85:102255. [PMID: 37806296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The hematopoietic system is one of the earliest tissues to develop. De novo generation of hematopoietic progenitor and stem cells occurs through a transdifferentiation of (hemogenic) endothelial cells to hematopoietic identity, resulting in the formation of intra-aortic hematopoietic cluster (IAHC) cells. Heterogeneity of IAHC cell phenotypes and functions has stymied the field in its search for the transcriptional program of emerging hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), given that an individual IAHC cannot be simultaneously examined for function and transcriptome. Several models could account for this heterogeneity, including a novel model suggesting that the transcriptomes of individual emerging IAHC cells are in an unstable/metastable state, with pivotal hematopoietic transcription factors expressed dynamically due to transcriptional pulsing and combinatorial activities. The question remains - how is functional hematopoietic cell fate established - is the process stochastic? This article touches upon these important issues, which may be relevant to the field's inability to make HSCs ex vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chris S Vink
- The University of Edinburgh, Centre for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Anna Popravko
- The University of Edinburgh, Centre for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Elaine Dzierzak
- The University of Edinburgh, Centre for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, EH16 4UU, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mo S, Qu K, Huang J, Li Q, Zhang W, Yen K. Cross-species transcriptomics reveals bifurcation point during the arterial-to-hemogenic transition. Commun Biol 2023; 6:827. [PMID: 37558796 PMCID: PMC10412572 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05190-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemogenic endothelium (HE) with hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-forming potential emerge from specialized arterial endothelial cells (AECs) undergoing the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT) in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region. Characterization of this AECs subpopulation and whether this phenomenon is conserved across species remains unclear. Here we introduce HomologySeeker, a cross-species method that leverages refined mouse information to explore under-studied human EHT. Utilizing single-cell transcriptomic ensembles of EHT, HomologySeeker reveals a parallel developmental relationship between these two species, with minimal pre-HSC signals observed in human cells. The pre-HE stage contains a conserved bifurcation point between the two species, where cells progress towards HE or late AECs. By harnessing human spatial transcriptomics, we identify ligand modules that contribute to the bifurcation choice and validate CXCL12 in promoting hemogenic choice using a human in vitro differentiation system. Our findings advance human arterial-to-hemogenic transition understanding and offer valuable insights for manipulating HSC generation using in vitro models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaokang Mo
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Kengyuan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Junfeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China.
| | - Qiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Kuangyu Yen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Deng ZH, Ma LY, Chen Q, Liu Y. Dynamic crosstalk between hematopoietic stem cells and their niche from emergence to aging. Bioessays 2023; 45:e2200121. [PMID: 36707486 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202200121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The behavior of somatic stem cells is regulated by their niche. Interaction between hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and their niches are a representative model to understand stem cell-niche interplay. Here, we provide an overview of crosstalk between HSCs and their niches in bone marrow and extramedullary organs following the life journey of HSCs from emergence, development, maturation until aging. We highlight the unique differences of HSC niches in different life stages within various organs focusing on recent literature to propose new speculations and hypotheses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Hua Deng
- Center for cell lineage and development, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lan-Yue Ma
- Center for cell lineage and development, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Center for cell lineage and development, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vink CS, Dzierzak E. The (intra-aortic) hematopoietic cluster cocktail: what is in the mix? Exp Hematol 2023; 118:1-11. [PMID: 36529317 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The adult-definitive hematopoietic hierarchy and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) residing in the bone marrow are established during embryonic development. In mouse, human, and many other mammals, it is the sudden formation of so-called intra-aortic/arterial hematopoietic clusters (IAHCs) that best signifies and visualizes this de novo generation of HSCs and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). Cluster cells arise through an endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition and, for some time, express markers/genes of both tissue types, whilst acquiring more hematopoietic features and losing endothelial ones. Among several hundreds of IAHC cells, the midgestation mouse embryo contains only very few bona fide adult-repopulating HSCs, suggestive of a challenging cell fate to achieve. Most others are HPCs of various types, some of which have the potential to mature into HSCs in vitro. Based on the number of cells that reveal hematopoietic function, a fraction of IAHC cells is uncharacterized. This review aims to explore the current state of knowledge on IAHC cells. We will describe markers useful for isolation and characterization of these fleetingly produced, yet vitally important, cells and for the refined enrichment of the HSCs they contain, and speculate on the role of some IAHC cells that are as-yet functionally uncharacterized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chris S Vink
- The University of Edinburgh, Centre for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, UK
| | - Elaine Dzierzak
- The University of Edinburgh, Centre for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yvernogeau L, Dainese G, Jaffredo T. Dorsal aorta polarization and haematopoietic stem cell emergence. Development 2023; 150:286251. [PMID: 36602140 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted the crucial role of the aorta microenvironment in the generation of the first haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from specialized haemogenic endothelial cells (HECs). Despite more than two decades of investigations, we require a better understanding of the cellular and molecular events driving aorta formation and polarization, which will be pivotal to establish the mechanisms that operate during HEC specification and HSC competency. Here, we outline the early mechanisms involved in vertebrate aorta formation by comparing four different species: zebrafish, chicken, mouse and human. We highlight how this process, which is tightly controlled in time and space, requires a coordinated specification of several cell types, in particular endothelial cells originating from distinct mesodermal tissues. We also discuss how molecular signals originating from the aorta environment result in its polarization, creating a unique entity for HSC generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Yvernogeau
- Sorbonne Université, IBPS, CNRS UMR7622, Inserm U1156, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Giovanna Dainese
- Sorbonne Université, IBPS, CNRS UMR7622, Inserm U1156, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Thierry Jaffredo
- Sorbonne Université, IBPS, CNRS UMR7622, Inserm U1156, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, 75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bigas A, Galán Palma L, Kartha GM, Giorgetti A. Using Pluripotent Stem Cells to Understand Normal and Leukemic Hematopoietic Development. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:1123-1134. [PMID: 36398586 PMCID: PMC9672852 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szac071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Several decades have passed since the generation of the first embryonic stem cell (ESC) lines both in mice and in humans. Since then, stem cell biologists have tried to understand their potential biological and clinical uses for their implementation in regenerative medicine. The hematopoietic field was a pioneer in establishing the potential use for the development of blood cell products and clinical applications; however, early expectations have been truncated by the difficulty in generating bonafide hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Despite some progress in understanding the origin of HSCs during embryonic development, the reproduction of this process in vitro is still not possible, but the knowledge acquired in the embryo is slowly being implemented for mouse and human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). In contrast, ESC-derived hematopoietic cells may recapitulate some leukemic transformation processes when exposed to oncogenic drivers. This would be especially useful to model prenatal leukemia development or other leukemia-predisposing syndromes, which are difficult to study. In this review, we will review the state of the art of the use of PSCs as a model for hematopoietic and leukemia development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bigas
- Program in Cancer Research, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute (IJC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Galán Palma
- Program in Cancer Research, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute (IJC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gayathri M Kartha
- Program in Cancer Research, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute (IJC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alessandra Giorgetti
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Barcelona University, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kapeni C, Nitsche L, Kilpatrick AM, Wilson NK, Xia K, Mirshekar-Syahkal B, Chandrakanthan V, Malouf C, Pimanda JE, Göttgens B, Kirschner K, Tomlinson SR, Ottersbach K. p57Kip2 regulates embryonic blood stem cells by controlling sympathoadrenal progenitor expansion. Blood 2022; 140:464-477. [PMID: 35653588 PMCID: PMC9353151 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021014853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are of major clinical importance, and finding methods for their in vitro generation is a prime research focus. We show here that the cell cycle inhibitor p57Kip2/Cdkn1c limits the number of emerging HSCs by restricting the size of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the amount of HSC-supportive catecholamines secreted by these cells. This regulation occurs at the SNS progenitor level and is in contrast to the cell-intrinsic function of p57Kip2 in maintaining adult HSCs, highlighting profound differences in cell cycle requirements of adult HSCs compared with their embryonic counterparts. Furthermore, this effect is specific to the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region and shows that the AGM is the main contributor to early fetal liver colonization, as early fetal liver HSC numbers are equally affected. Using a range of antagonists in vivo, we show a requirement for intact β2-adrenergic signaling for SNS-dependent HSC expansion. To gain further molecular insights, we have generated a single-cell RNA-sequencing data set of all Ngfr+ sympathoadrenal cells around the dorsal aorta to dissect their differentiation pathway. Importantly, this not only defined the relevant p57Kip2-expressing SNS progenitor stage but also revealed that some neural crest cells, upon arrival at the aorta, are able to take an alternative differentiation pathway, giving rise to a subset of ventrally restricted mesenchymal cells that express important HSC-supportive factors. Neural crest cells thus appear to contribute to the AGM HSC niche via 2 different mechanisms: SNS-mediated catecholamine secretion and HSC-supportive mesenchymal cell production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chrysa Kapeni
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Leslie Nitsche
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair M Kilpatrick
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola K Wilson
- Department of Haematology, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kankan Xia
- Department of Haematology, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Bahar Mirshekar-Syahkal
- Department of Haematology, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Vashe Chandrakanthan
- School of Medical Sciences, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Camille Malouf
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - John E Pimanda
- School of Medical Sciences, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Haematology, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Department of Haematology, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kristina Kirschner
- Institute of Cancer Sciences and
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Simon R Tomlinson
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Katrin Ottersbach
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chandrakanthan V, Rorimpandey P, Zanini F, Chacon D, Olivier J, Joshi S, Kang YC, Knezevic K, Huang Y, Qiao Q, Oliver RA, Unnikrishnan A, Carter DR, Lee B, Brownlee C, Power C, Brink R, Mendez-Ferrer S, Enikolopov G, Walsh W, Göttgens B, Taoudi S, Beck D, Pimanda JE. Mesoderm-derived PDGFRA + cells regulate the emergence of hematopoietic stem cells in the dorsal aorta. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:1211-1225. [PMID: 35902769 PMCID: PMC9359911 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-00955-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mouse haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) first emerge at embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5), on the ventral surface of the dorsal aorta, by endothelial-to-haematopoietic transition. We investigated whether mesenchymal stem cells, which provide an essential niche for long-term HSCs (LT-HSCs) in the bone marrow, reside in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros and contribute to the development of the dorsal aorta and endothelial-to-haematopoietic transition. Here we show that mesoderm-derived PDGFRA+ stromal cells (Mesp1der PSCs) contribute to the haemogenic endothelium of the dorsal aorta and populate the E10.5-E11.5 aorta-gonad-mesonephros but by E13.5 were replaced by neural-crest-derived PSCs (Wnt1der PSCs). Co-aggregating non-haemogenic endothelial cells with Mesp1der PSCs but not Wnt1der PSCs resulted in activation of a haematopoietic transcriptional programme in endothelial cells and generation of LT-HSCs. Dose-dependent inhibition of PDGFRA or BMP, WNT and NOTCH signalling interrupted this reprogramming event. Together, aorta-gonad-mesonephros Mesp1der PSCs could potentially be harnessed to manufacture LT-HSCs from endothelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vashe Chandrakanthan
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Prunella Rorimpandey
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fabio Zanini
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Garvan-Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Sydney, Australia.,UNSW Futures Institute for Cellular Genomics, Sydney, Australia
| | - Diego Chacon
- Centre for Health Technologies and the School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jake Olivier
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Swapna Joshi
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Young Chan Kang
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kathy Knezevic
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yizhou Huang
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Mathematics and Statistics, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Qiao Qiao
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rema A Oliver
- Surgical & Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ashwin Unnikrishnan
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel R Carter
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Mathematics and Statistics, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brendan Lee
- Biological Resources Imaging Laboratory, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chris Brownlee
- Biological Resources Imaging Laboratory, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carl Power
- Biological Resources Imaging Laboratory, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert Brink
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon Mendez-Ferrer
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Grigori Enikolopov
- Center for Developmental Genetics and Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - William Walsh
- Surgical & Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Samir Taoudi
- Epigenetics and development division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dominik Beck
- Centre for Health Technologies and the School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John E Pimanda
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Department of Haematology, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sá da Bandeira D, Kilpatrick AM, Marques M, Gomez-Salazar M, Ventura T, Gonzalez ZN, Stefancova D, Rossi F, Vermeren M, Vink CS, Beltran M, Henderson NC, Jung B, van der Linden R, van de Werken HJG, van Ijcken WFJ, Betsholtz C, Forbes SJ, Cuervo H, Crisan M. PDGFRβ + cells play a dual role as hematopoietic precursors and niche cells during mouse ontogeny. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111114. [PMID: 35858557 PMCID: PMC9638014 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) generation in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros region requires HSC specification signals from the surrounding microenvironment. In zebrafish, PDGF-B/PDGFRβ signaling controls hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) generation and is required in the HSC specification niche. Little is known about murine HSPC specification in vivo and whether PDGF-B/PDGFRβ is involved. Here, we show that PDGFRβ is expressed in distinct perivascular stromal cell layers surrounding the mid-gestation dorsal aorta, and its deletion impairs hematopoiesis. We demonstrate that PDGFRβ+ cells play a dual role in murine hematopoiesis. They act in the aortic niche to support HSPCs, and in addition, PDGFRβ+ embryonic precursors give rise to a subset of HSPCs that persist into adulthood. These findings provide crucial information for the controlled production of HSPCs in vitro. PDGFRβ deletion affects hematopoietic development in the AGM in vivo The transcriptome and hematopoietic support of the PDGFRβ-KO niche are altered The osteogenic gene profile and differentiation of KO AGM MSCs are affected PDGFRβ+ early embryonic precursors contribute to EC and HSPC lineages in vivo
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Sá da Bandeira
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ Edinburgh, UK; Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alastair Morris Kilpatrick
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, UK
| | - Madalena Marques
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mario Gomez-Salazar
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, UK
| | - Telma Ventura
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, UK
| | - Zaniah Nashira Gonzalez
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ Edinburgh, UK; Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dorota Stefancova
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, UK
| | - Fiona Rossi
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, UK
| | - Matthieu Vermeren
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, UK
| | - Chris Sebastiaan Vink
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mariana Beltran
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ Edinburgh, UK
| | - Neil Cowan Henderson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ Edinburgh, UK; MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, EH4 2XU Edinburgh, UK
| | - Bongnam Jung
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; Harvard Medical School, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Reinier van der Linden
- Hubrecht Institute, Department van Oudenaarden Quantitative Biology, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Harmen Jan George van de Werken
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Cancer Computational Biology Center, and Departments of Urology and Immunology, 3000 Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wilfred F J van Ijcken
- Center for Biomics, Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, 3015 Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Stuart John Forbes
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, UK
| | - Henar Cuervo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Mihaela Crisan
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ Edinburgh, UK; Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kharrat B, Csordás G, Honti V. Peeling Back the Layers of Lymph Gland Structure and Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7767. [PMID: 35887113 PMCID: PMC9319083 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past 60 years, the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has proven to be an excellent model to study the regulation of hematopoiesis. This is not only due to the evolutionarily conserved signalling pathways and transcription factors contributing to blood cell fate, but also to convergent evolution that led to functional similarities in distinct species. An example of convergence is the compartmentalization of blood cells, which ensures the quiescence of hematopoietic stem cells and allows for the rapid reaction of the immune system upon challenges. The lymph gland, a widely studied hematopoietic organ of the Drosophila larva, represents a microenvironment with similar features and functions to classical hematopoietic stem cell niches of vertebrates. Lymph gland studies were effectively supported by the unparalleled toolkit developed in Drosophila, which enabled the high-resolution investigation of the cellular composition and regulatory interaction networks of the lymph gland. In this review, we summarize how our understanding of lymph gland structure and hematopoietic cell-to-cell communication evolved during the past decades and compare their analogous features to those of the vertebrate hematopoietic stem cell niche.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bayan Kharrat
- Drosophila Blood Cell Differentiation Group, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, P.O. Box 521, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary;
- Faculty of Science and Informatics, Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, P.O. Box 427, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Csordás
- Lysosomal Degradation Research Group, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, P.O. Box 521, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Viktor Honti
- Drosophila Blood Cell Differentiation Group, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, P.O. Box 521, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Weijts B, Yvernogeau L, Robin C. Recent Advances in Developmental Hematopoiesis: Diving Deeper With New Technologies. Front Immunol 2021; 12:790379. [PMID: 34899758 PMCID: PMC8652083 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.790379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The journey of a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) involves the passage through successive anatomical sites where HSCs are in direct contact with their surrounding microenvironment, also known as niche. These spatial and temporal cellular interactions throughout development are required for the acquisition of stem cell properties, and for maintaining the HSC pool through balancing self-renewal, quiescence and lineage commitment. Understanding the context and consequences of these interactions will be imperative for our understanding of HSC biology and will lead to the improvement of in vitro production of HSCs for clinical purposes. The aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region is in this light of particular interest since this is the cradle of HSC emergence during the embryonic development of all vertebrate species. In this review, we will focus on the developmental origin of HSCs and will discuss the novel technological approaches and recent progress made to identify the cellular composition of the HSC supportive niche and the underlying molecular events occurring in the AGM region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bart Weijts
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) & University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Laurent Yvernogeau
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) & University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Catherine Robin
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) & University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Canu G, Ruhrberg C. First blood: the endothelial origins of hematopoietic progenitors. Angiogenesis 2021; 24:199-211. [PMID: 33783643 PMCID: PMC8205888 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-021-09783-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis in vertebrate embryos occurs in temporally and spatially overlapping waves in close proximity to blood vascular endothelial cells. Initially, yolk sac hematopoiesis produces primitive erythrocytes, megakaryocytes, and macrophages. Thereafter, sequential waves of definitive hematopoiesis arise from yolk sac and intraembryonic hemogenic endothelia through an endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT). During EHT, the endothelial and hematopoietic transcriptional programs are tightly co-regulated to orchestrate a shift in cell identity. In the yolk sac, EHT generates erythro-myeloid progenitors, which upon migration to the liver differentiate into fetal blood cells, including erythrocytes and tissue-resident macrophages. In the dorsal aorta, EHT produces hematopoietic stem cells, which engraft the fetal liver and then the bone marrow to sustain adult hematopoiesis. Recent studies have defined the relationship between the developing vascular and hematopoietic systems in animal models, including molecular mechanisms that drive the hemato-endothelial transcription program for EHT. Moreover, human pluripotent stem cells have enabled modeling of fetal human hematopoiesis and have begun to generate cell types of clinical interest for regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Canu
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Christiana Ruhrberg
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Multispecies RNA tomography reveals regulators of hematopoietic stem cell birth in the embryonic aorta. Blood 2021; 136:831-844. [PMID: 32457985 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019004446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The defined location of a stem cell within a niche regulates its fate, behavior, and molecular identity via a complex extrinsic regulation that is far from being fully elucidated. To explore the molecular characteristics and key components of the aortic microenvironment, where the first hematopoietic stem cells are generated during development, we performed genome-wide RNA tomography sequencing on zebrafish, chicken, mouse, and human embryos. The resulting anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral transcriptional maps provided a powerful resource for exploring genes and regulatory pathways active in the aortic microenvironment. By performing interspecies comparative RNA sequencing analyses and functional assays, we explored the complexity of the aortic microenvironment landscape and the fine-tuning of various factors interacting to control hematopoietic stem cell generation, both in time and space in vivo, including the ligand-receptor couple ADM-RAMP2 and SVEP1. Understanding the regulatory function of the local environment will pave the way for improved stem cell production in vitro and clinical cell therapy.
Collapse
|
16
|
Demirci S, Leonard A, Tisdale JF. Hematopoietic stem cells from pluripotent stem cells: Clinical potential, challenges, and future perspectives. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:1549-1557. [PMID: 32725882 PMCID: PMC7695636 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is an active and promising area of research; however, generating engraftable HSCs remains a major obstacle. Ex vivo HSC derivation from renewable sources such as iPSCs offers an experimental tool for studying developmental hematopoiesis, disease modeling, and drug discovery, and yields tremendous therapeutic potential for malignant and nonmalignant hematological disorders. Although initial attempts mostly recapitulated yolk sac primitive/definitive hematopoiesis with inability to engraft, recent advances suggest the feasibility of engraftable HSC derivation from iPSCs utilizing ectopic transcription factor expression. Strategic development for de novo HSC generation includes further investigations of HSC ontogeny, and elucidation of critical signaling pathways, epigenetic modulations, HSC and iPSC microenvironment, and cell-cell interactions that contribute to stem cell biology and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selami Demirci
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics BranchNational Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH)BethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Alexis Leonard
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics BranchNational Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH)BethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - John F. Tisdale
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics BranchNational Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH)BethesdaMarylandUSA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Banerjee P, Paza E, Perkins EM, James OG, Kenkhuis B, Lloyd AF, Burr K, Story D, Yusuf D, He X, Backofen R, Dando O, Chandran S, Priller J. Generation of pure monocultures of human microglia-like cells from induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2020; 49:102046. [PMID: 33096385 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.102046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are resident tissue macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS) that arise from erythromyeloid progenitors during embryonic development. They play essential roles in CNS development, homeostasis and response to disease. Since microglia are difficult to procure from the human brain, several protocols have been developed to generate microglia-like cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). However, some concerns remain over the purity and quality of in vitro generated microglia. Here, we describe a new protocol that does not require co-culture with neural cells and yields cultures of 100% P2Y12+ 95% TMEM119+ ramified human microglia-like cells (hiPSC-MG). In the presence of neural precursor cell-conditioned media, hiPSC-MG expressed high levels of human microglia signature genes, including SALL1, CSF1R, P2RY12, TMEM119, TREM2, HEXB and SIGLEC11, as revealed by whole-transcriptome analysis. Stimulation of hiPSC-MG with lipopolysaccharide resulted in downregulation of P2Y12 expression, induction of IL1B mRNA expression and increase in cell capacitance. HiPSC-MG were phagocytically active and maintained their cell identity after transplantation into murine brain slices and human brain spheroids. Together, our new protocol for the generation of microglia-like cells from human iPSCs will facilitate the study of human microglial function in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Poulomi Banerjee
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Evdokia Paza
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Emma M Perkins
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Owen G James
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Boyd Kenkhuis
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Amy F Lloyd
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Karen Burr
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David Story
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dilmurat Yusuf
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Xin He
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rolf Backofen
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Owen Dando
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Siddharthan Chandran
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Josef Priller
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Neuropsychiatry and Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH and DZNE, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fitch SR, Kapeni C, Tsitsopoulou A, Wilson NK, Göttgens B, de Bruijn MF, Ottersbach K. Gata3 targets Runx1 in the embryonic haematopoietic stem cell niche. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:45-52. [PMID: 31634421 PMCID: PMC6973286 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Runx1 is an important haematopoietic transcription factor as stressed by its involvement in a number of haematological malignancies. Furthermore, it is a key regulator of the emergence of the first haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) during development. The transcription factor Gata3 has also been linked to haematological disease and was shown to promote HSC production in the embryo by inducing the secretion of important niche factors. Both proteins are expressed in several different cell types within the aorta-gonads-mesonephros (AGM) region, in which the first HSCs are generated; however, a direct interaction between these two key transcription factors in the context of embryonic HSC production has not formally been demonstrated. In this current study, we have detected co-localisation of Runx1 and Gata3 in rare sub-aortic mesenchymal cells in the AGM. Furthermore, the expression of Runx1 is reduced in Gata3 -/- embryos, which also display a shift in HSC emergence. Using an AGM-derived cell line as a model for the stromal microenvironment in the AGM and performing ChIP-Seq and ChIP-on-chip experiments, we demonstrate that Runx1, together with other key niche factors, is a direct target gene of Gata3. In addition, we can pinpoint Gata3 binding to the Runx1 locus at specific enhancer elements which are active in the microenvironment. These results reveal a direct interaction between Gata3 and Runx1 in the niche that supports embryonic HSCs and highlight a dual role for Runx1 in driving the transdifferentiation of haemogenic endothelial cells into HSCs as well as in the stromal cells that support this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon R. Fitch
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Cambridge Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Chrysa Kapeni
- MRC Centre for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Cambridge Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | | | - Nicola K. Wilson
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Cambridge Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Cambridge Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Marella F. de Bruijn
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Katrin Ottersbach
- MRC Centre for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tracing the first hematopoietic stem cell generation in human embryo by single-cell RNA sequencing. Cell Res 2019; 29:881-894. [PMID: 31501518 PMCID: PMC6888893 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-019-0228-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tracing the emergence of the first hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in human embryos, particularly the scarce and transient precursors thereof, is so far challenging, largely due to the technical limitations and the material rarity. Here, using single-cell RNA sequencing, we constructed the first genome-scale gene expression landscape covering the entire course of endothelial-to-HSC transition during human embryogenesis. The transcriptomically defined HSC-primed hemogenic endothelial cells (HECs) were captured at Carnegie stage (CS) 12–14 in an unbiased way, showing an unambiguous feature of arterial endothelial cells (ECs) with the up-regulation of RUNX1, MYB and ANGPT1. Importantly, subcategorizing CD34+CD45− ECs into a CD44+ population strikingly enriched HECs by over 10-fold. We further mapped the developmental path from arterial ECs via HSC-primed HECs to hematopoietic stem progenitor cells, and revealed a distinct expression pattern of genes that were transiently over-represented upon the hemogenic fate choice of arterial ECs, including EMCN, PROCR and RUNX1T1. We also uncovered another temporally and molecularly distinct intra-embryonic HEC population, which was detected mainly at earlier CS 10 and lacked the arterial feature. Finally, we revealed the cellular components of the putative aortic niche and potential cellular interactions acting on the HSC-primed HECs. The cellular and molecular programs that underlie the generation of the first HSCs from HECs in human embryos, together with the ability to distinguish the HSC-primed HECs from others, will shed light on the strategies for the production of clinically useful HSCs from pluripotent stem cells.
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Evidence of the diversity and multi-layered organization of the hematopoietic system is leading to new insights that may inform ex vivo production of blood cells. Interestingly, not all long-lived hematopoietic cells derive from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Here we review the current knowledge on HSC-dependent cell lineages and HSC-independent tissue-resident hematopoietic cells and how they arise during embryonic development. Classical embryological and genetic experiments, cell fate tracing data, single-cell imaging, and transcriptomics studies provide information on the molecular/cell trajectories that form the complete hematopoietic system. We also discuss the current developmentally informed efforts toward generating engraftable and multilineage blood cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Dzierzak
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
| | - Anna Bigas
- Program in Cancer Research, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, CIBERONC, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rybtsov SA, Lagarkova MA. Development of Hematopoietic Stem Cells in the Early Mammalian Embryo. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:190-204. [PMID: 31221058 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919030027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) were the first stem cells discovered in humans. A. A. Maximov proposed an idea of blood stem cells that was confirmed later by McCulloch and Till experimentally. HSCs were the first type of stem cells to be used in clinics and ever since are being continually used. Indeed, a single HSC transplanted intravenously is capable of giving rise to all types of blood cells. In recent decades, human and animal HSC origin, development, hierarchy, and gene signature have been extensively investigated. Due to the constant need for donor blood and HSCs suitable for therapeutic transplants, the experimental possibility of obtaining HSCs in vitro by directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) has been considered in recent years. However, despite all efforts, it is not yet possible to reproduce in vitro the ontogenesis of HSCs and obtain cells capable of long-term maintenance of hematopoiesis. The study of hematopoiesis in embryonic development facilitates the establishment and improvement of protocols for deriving blood cells from PCSs and allows a better understanding of the pathogenesis of various types of proliferative blood diseases, anemia, and immunodeficiency. This review focuses on the development of hematopoiesis in mammalian ontogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S A Rybtsov
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4U, United Kingdom.
| | - M A Lagarkova
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical-Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mariani SA, Li Z, Rice S, Krieg C, Fragkogianni S, Robinson M, Vink CS, Pollard JW, Dzierzak E. Pro-inflammatory Aorta-Associated Macrophages Are Involved in Embryonic Development of Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Immunity 2019; 50:1439-1452.e5. [PMID: 31178352 PMCID: PMC6591003 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are generated from specialized endothelial cells of the embryonic aorta. Inflammatory factors are implicated in regulating mouse HSC development, but which cells in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) microenvironment produce these factors is unknown. In the adult, macrophages play both pro- and anti-inflammatory roles. We sought to examine whether macrophages or other hematopoietic cells found in the embryo prior to HSC generation were involved in the AGM HSC-generative microenvironment. CyTOF analysis of CD45+ AGM cells revealed predominance of two hematopoietic cell types, mannose-receptor positive macrophages and mannose-receptor negative myeloid cells. We show here that macrophage appearance in the AGM was dependent on the chemokine receptor Cx3cr1. These macrophages expressed a pro-inflammatory signature, localized to the aorta, and dynamically interacted with nascent and emerging intra-aortic hematopoietic cells (IAHCs). Importantly, upon macrophage depletion, no adult-repopulating HSCs were detected, thus implicating a role for pro-inflammatory AGM-associated macrophages in regulating the development of HSCs. Yolk-sac-derived macrophages are the most abundant hematopoietic cells in the AGM Cx3cr1 mediates yolk-sac macrophage progenitor recruitment to the AGM niche AGM macrophages dynamically interact with emerging intra-aortic hematopoietic cells Pro-inflammatory AGM macrophages are positive regulators of HSC generation
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhuan Li
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Siobhan Rice
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Carsten Krieg
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Elaine Dzierzak
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in specific microenvironments also called niches that regulate HSC functions. Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the crosstalk between HSCs and niche cells is a major issue in stem cell biology and regenerative medicine. The purpose of this review is to discuss recent advances in this field with particular emphasis on the transcriptional landscape of HSC niche cells and the roles of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the dialog between HSCs and their microenvironments. RECENT FINDINGS The development of high-throughput technologies combined with computational methods has considerably improved our knowledge on the molecular identity of HSC niche cells. Accumulating evidence strongly suggest that the dialog between HSCs and their niches is bidirectional and that EVs play an important role in this process. SUMMARY These advances bring a unique conceptual and methodological framework for understanding the molecular complexity of the HSC niche and identifying novel HSC regulators. They are also promising for exploring the reciprocal influence of HSCs on niche cells and delivering specific molecules to HSCs in regenerative medicine.
Collapse
|
24
|
Zaidan N, Ottersbach K. The multi-faceted role of Gata3 in developmental haematopoiesis. Open Biol 2018; 8:rsob.180152. [PMID: 30463912 PMCID: PMC6282070 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.180152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Gata3 is crucial for the development of several tissues and cell lineages both during development as well as postnatally. This importance is apparent from the early embryonic lethality following germline Gata3 deletion, with embryos displaying a number of phenotypes, and from the fact that Gata3 has been implicated in several cancer types. It often acts at the level of stem and progenitor cells in which it controls the expression of key lineage-determining factors as well as cell cycle genes, thus being one of the main drivers of cell fate choice and tissue morphogenesis. Gata3 is involved at various stages of haematopoiesis both in the adult as well as during development. This review summarizes the various contributions of Gata3 to haematopoiesis with a particular focus on the emergence of the first haematopoietic stem cells in the embryo—a process that appears to be influenced by Gata3 at various levels, thus highlighting the complex nature of Gata3 action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nada Zaidan
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Katrin Ottersbach
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Dissecting BMP signaling input into the gene regulatory networks driving specification of the blood stem cell lineage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 114:5814-5821. [PMID: 28584091 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1610615114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that sustain lifelong blood production are created during embryogenesis. They emerge from a specialized endothelial population, termed hemogenic endothelium (HE), located in the ventral wall of the dorsal aorta (DA). In Xenopus, we have been studying the gene regulatory networks (GRNs) required for the formation of HSCs, and critically found that the hemogenic potential is defined at an earlier time point when precursors to the DA express hematopoietic as well as endothelial genes, in the definitive hemangioblasts (DHs). The GRN for DH programming has been constructed and, here, we show that bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is essential for the initiation of this GRN. BMP2, -4, and -7 are the principal ligands expressed in the lineage forming the HE. To investigate the requirement and timing of all BMP signaling in HSC ontogeny, we have used a transgenic line, which inducibly expresses an inhibitor of BMP signaling, Noggin, as well as a chemical inhibitor of BMP receptors, DMH1, and described the inputs from BMP signaling into the DH GRN and the HE, as well as into primitive hematopoiesis. BMP signaling is required in at least three points in DH programming: first to initiate the DH GRN through gata2 expression, then for kdr expression to enable the DH to respond to vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) ligand from the somites, and finally for gata2 expression in the DA, but is dispensable for HE specification after hemangioblasts have been formed.
Collapse
|
26
|
Nittoli V, Sepe RM, Coppola U, D'Agostino Y, De Felice E, Palladino A, Vassalli QA, Locascio A, Ristoratore F, Spagnuolo A, D'Aniello S, Sordino P. A comprehensive analysis of neurotrophins and neurotrophin tyrosine kinase receptors expression during development of zebrafish. J Comp Neurol 2018; 526:1057-1072. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.24391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Nittoli
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale; Naples 80121 Italy
| | - Rosa M. Sepe
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale; Naples 80121 Italy
| | - Ugo Coppola
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale; Naples 80121 Italy
| | - Ylenia D'Agostino
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale; Naples 80121 Italy
| | - Elena De Felice
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale; Naples 80121 Italy
| | - Antonio Palladino
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale; Naples 80121 Italy
| | - Quirino A. Vassalli
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale; Naples 80121 Italy
| | - Annamaria Locascio
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale; Naples 80121 Italy
| | - Filomena Ristoratore
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale; Naples 80121 Italy
| | - Antonietta Spagnuolo
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale; Naples 80121 Italy
| | - Salvatore D'Aniello
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale; Naples 80121 Italy
| | - Paolo Sordino
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale; Naples 80121 Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lempereur A, Canto PY, Richard C, Martin S, Thalgott J, Raymond K, Lebrin F, Drevon C, Jaffredo T. The TGFβ pathway is a key player for the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition in the embryonic aorta. Dev Biol 2017; 434:292-303. [PMID: 29253505 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The embryonic aorta produces hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells from a hemogenic endothelium localized in the aortic floor through an endothelial to hematopoietic transition. It has been long proposed that the Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP)/Transforming Growth Factor ß (TGFß) signaling pathway was implicated in aortic hematopoiesis but the very nature of the signal was unknown. Here, using thorough expression analysis of the BMP/TGFß signaling pathway members in the endothelial and hematopoietic compartments of the aorta at pre-hematopoietic and hematopoietic stages, we show that the TGFß pathway is preferentially balanced with a prominent role of Alk1/TgfßR2/Smad1 and 5 on both chicken and mouse species. Functional analysis using embryonic stem cells mutated for Acvrl1 revealed an enhanced propensity to produce hematopoietic cells. Collectively, we reveal that TGFß through the Alk1/TgfßR2 receptor axis is acting on endothelial cells to produce hematopoiesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Lempereur
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, IBPS, CNRS UMR7622, Inserm U 1156, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, 75005 Paris, France
| | - P Y Canto
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, IBPS, CNRS UMR7622, Inserm U 1156, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, 75005 Paris, France
| | - C Richard
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, IBPS, CNRS UMR7622, Inserm U 1156, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, 75005 Paris, France
| | - S Martin
- CNRS UMR 7241/INSERM U1050, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231 Paris CEDEX 05, France; MEMOLIFE Laboratory of Excellence and Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, France
| | - J Thalgott
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - K Raymond
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - F Lebrin
- CNRS UMR 7241/INSERM U1050, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231 Paris CEDEX 05, France; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; MEMOLIFE Laboratory of Excellence and Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, France
| | - C Drevon
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, IBPS, CNRS UMR7622, Inserm U 1156, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, 75005 Paris, France
| | - T Jaffredo
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, IBPS, CNRS UMR7622, Inserm U 1156, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, 75005 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lv J, Liu F. Application of Aorta-gonad-mesonephros Explant Culture System in Developmental Hematopoiesis. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 29155781 DOI: 10.3791/56557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The limitation of using mouse embryos for hematopoiesis studies is the added inconvenience in operations, which is largely due to the intrauterine development of the embryo. Although genetic data from knockout (KO) mice are convincing, it is not realistic to generate KO mice for all genes as needed. In addition, performing in vivo rescue experiments to consolidate the data obtained from KO mice is not convenient. To overcome these limitations, the Aorta-Gonad-Mesonephros (AGM) explant culture was developed as an appropriate system to study hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) development. Especially for rescue experiments, it can be used to recover the impaired hematopoiesis in KO mice. By adding the appropriate chemicals into the medium, the impaired signaling can be reactivated or up-regulated pathways can be inhibited. With the use of this method, many experiments can be performed to identify the critical regulators of HSC development, including HSC related gene expression at mRNA and protein levels, colony formation ability, and reconstitution capacity. This series of experiments would be helpful in defining the underlying mechanisms essential for HSC development in mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences;
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
McGarvey AC, Rybtsov S, Souilhol C, Tamagno S, Rice R, Hills D, Godwin D, Rice D, Tomlinson SR, Medvinsky A. A molecular roadmap of the AGM region reveals BMPER as a novel regulator of HSC maturation. J Exp Med 2017; 214:3731-3751. [PMID: 29093060 PMCID: PMC5716029 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20162012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Through transcriptional profiling of the mouse AGM region, McGarvey et al. identify potential niche regulators of HSC development. They show a new function of BMPER in regulating HSC maturation, likely via its modulation of BMP signalling. In the developing embryo, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) emerge from the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region, but the molecular regulation of this process is poorly understood. Recently, the progression from E9.5 to E10.5 and polarity along the dorso-ventral axis have been identified as clear demarcations of the supportive HSC niche. To identify novel secreted regulators of HSC maturation, we performed RNA sequencing over these spatiotemporal transitions in the AGM region and supportive OP9 cell line. Screening several proteins through an ex vivo reaggregate culture system, we identify BMPER as a novel positive regulator of HSC development. We demonstrate that BMPER is associated with BMP signaling inhibition, but is transcriptionally induced by BMP4, suggesting that BMPER contributes to the precise control of BMP activity within the AGM region, enabling the maturation of HSCs within a BMP-negative environment. These findings and the availability of our transcriptional data through an accessible interface should provide insight into the maintenance and potential derivation of HSCs in culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison C McGarvey
- Stem Cell Bioinformatics Group, Institute for Stem Cell Research, Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Stanislav Rybtsov
- Ontogeny of Haematopoietic Stem Cells Group, Institute for Stem Cell Research, Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Céline Souilhol
- Ontogeny of Haematopoietic Stem Cells Group, Institute for Stem Cell Research, Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Sara Tamagno
- Ontogeny of Haematopoietic Stem Cells Group, Institute for Stem Cell Research, Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Ritva Rice
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - David Hills
- Ontogeny of Haematopoietic Stem Cells Group, Institute for Stem Cell Research, Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Duncan Godwin
- Stem Cell Bioinformatics Group, Institute for Stem Cell Research, Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - David Rice
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Simon R Tomlinson
- Stem Cell Bioinformatics Group, Institute for Stem Cell Research, Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Alexander Medvinsky
- Ontogeny of Haematopoietic Stem Cells Group, Institute for Stem Cell Research, Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sanghez V, Luzzi A, Clarke D, Kee D, Beuder S, Rux D, Osawa M, Madrenas J, Chou TF, Kyba M, Iacovino M. Notch activation is required for downregulation of HoxA3-dependent endothelial cell phenotype during blood formation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186818. [PMID: 29073173 PMCID: PMC5658089 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemogenic endothelium (HE) undergoes endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT) to generate blood, a process that requires progressive down-regulation of endothelial genes and induction of hematopoietic ones. Previously, we have shown that the transcription factor HoxA3 prevents blood formation by inhibiting Runx1 expression, maintaining endothelial gene expression and thus blocking EHT. In the present study, we show that HoxA3 also prevents blood formation by inhibiting Notch pathway. HoxA3 induced upregulation of Jag1 ligand in endothelial cells, which led to cis-inhibition of the Notch pathway, rendering the HE nonresponsive to Notch signals. While Notch activation alone was insufficient to promote blood formation in the presence of HoxA3, activation of Notch or downregulation of Jag1 resulted in a loss of the endothelial phenotype which is a prerequisite for EHT. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Notch pathway activation is necessary to downregulate endothelial markers during EHT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Sanghez
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States of America.,Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, United States of America
| | - Anna Luzzi
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States of America.,Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, United States of America
| | - Don Clarke
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States of America.,Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, United States of America
| | - Dustin Kee
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States of America.,Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, United States of America
| | - Steven Beuder
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States of America.,Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, United States of America
| | - Danielle Rux
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Mitsujiro Osawa
- CiRA
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Joaquín Madrenas
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, United States of America.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Tsui-Fen Chou
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States of America.,Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, United States of America
| | - Michael Kyba
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Michelina Iacovino
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States of America.,Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sasaki T, Tanaka Y, Kulkeaw K, Yumine-Takai A, Tan KS, Nishinakamura R, Ishida J, Fukamizu A, Sugiyama D. Embryonic Intra-Aortic Clusters Undergo Myeloid Differentiation Mediated by Mesonephros-Derived CSF1 in Mouse. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2017; 12:530-542. [PMID: 27324145 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-016-9668-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region contains intra-aortic clusters (IACs) thought to have acquired hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) potential in vertebrate embryos. To assess extrinsic regulation of IACs in the AGM region, we employed mouse embryos harboring a Sall1-GFP reporter gene, which allows identification of mesonephros cells based on GFP expression. Analysis of AGM region tissue sections confirmed mesonephros GFP expression. Mesonephric cells sorted at E10.5 expressed mRNA encoding Csf1, a hematopoietic cytokine, and corresponding protein, based on real-time PCR and immunocytochemistry, respectively. Further analysis indicated that some IACs express the CSF1 receptor, CSF1R. Expression of Cebpa and Irf8 mRNAs was higher in CSF1R-positive IACs, whereas that of Cebpε and Gfi1 mRNAs was lower relative to CSF1R-negative IACs, suggesting that CSF1/CSF1R signaling functions in IAC myeloid differentiation by modulating expression of these transcription factors. Colony formation assays using CSF1R-positive IACs revealed increased numbers of myeloid colonies in the presence of CSF1. Analysis using an intra-cellular signaling array indicated the greatest fold increase of Cleaved Caspase-3 in AGM cells in the presence of CSF1. Immunohistochemistry revealed that Cleaved Caspase-3 is primarily expressed in IACs in the AGM region, and incubation of IACs with CSF1 up-regulated Cleaved Caspase-3. Overall, our findings suggest that CSF1 secreted from mesonephros accelerates IAC myeloid differentiation in the AGM region, possibly via Caspase-3 cleavage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Sasaki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Yuka Tanaka
- Department of Research and Development of Next Generation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Kasem Kulkeaw
- Department of Research and Development of Next Generation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ayako Yumine-Takai
- Department of Research and Development of Next Generation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Keai Sinn Tan
- Department of Research and Development of Next Generation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Nishinakamura
- Department of Kidney Development, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Junji Ishida
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
- Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Fukamizu
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
- Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sugiyama
- Department of Research and Development of Next Generation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-84582, Japan.
- Department of Clinical Study, Center for Advanced Medical Innovation, Kyushu University, Station for Collaborative Research 1 4F, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Not all hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are alike. They differ in their physical characteristics such as cell cycle status and cell surface marker phenotype, they respond to different extrinsic signals, and they have different lineage outputs following transplantation. The growing body of evidence that supports heterogeneity within HSCs, which constitute the most robust cell fraction at the foundation of the adult hematopoietic system, is currently of great interest and raises questions as to why HSC subtypes exist, how they are generated and whether HSC heterogeneity affects leukemogenesis or treatment options. This Review provides a developmental overview of HSC subtypes during embryonic, fetal and adult stages of hematopoiesis and discusses the possible origins and consequences of HSC heterogeneity. Summary: This Review takes a close look at hematopoietic stem cell heterogeneity during development and in the adult, and discusses several different ways in which this heterogeneity may arise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Crisan
- University of Edinburgh, BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Elaine Dzierzak
- University of Edinburgh, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Stik G, Crequit S, Petit L, Durant J, Charbord P, Jaffredo T, Durand C. Extracellular vesicles of stromal origin target and support hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. J Cell Biol 2017. [PMID: 28630143 PMCID: PMC5496607 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201601109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as crucial mediators in cell-to-cell communication. Stik et al. provide evidence that EVs released by supportive stromal cells target hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in vivo and in vitro and influence their gene expression and potential. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recently reported as crucial mediators in cell-to-cell communication in development and disease. In this study, we investigate whether mesenchymal stromal cells that constitute a supportive microenvironment for hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) released EVs that could affect the gene expression and function of HSPCs. By taking advantage of two fetal liver–derived stromal lines with widely differing abilities to maintain HSPCs ex vivo, we demonstrate that stromal EVs play a critical role in the regulation of HSPCs. Both supportive and nonsupportive stromal lines secreted EVs, but only those delivered by the supportive line were taken up by HSPCs ex vivo and in vivo. These EVs harbored a specific molecular signature, modulated the gene expression in HSPCs after uptake, and maintained the survival and clonogenic potential of HSPCs, presumably by preventing apoptosis. In conclusion, our study reveals that EVs are an important component of the HSPC niche, which may have major applications in regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregoire Stik
- Sorbonne Universités, University Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 06, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7622, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U 1156, Institute de Biologie Paris Siene, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Paris, France
| | - Simon Crequit
- Sorbonne Universités, University Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 06, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7622, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U 1156, Institute de Biologie Paris Siene, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Petit
- Sorbonne Universités, University Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 06, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7622, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U 1156, Institute de Biologie Paris Siene, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Paris, France
| | - Jennifer Durant
- Sorbonne Universités, University Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 06, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7622, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U 1156, Institute de Biologie Paris Siene, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Charbord
- Sorbonne Universités, University Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 06, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7622, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U 1156, Institute de Biologie Paris Siene, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Jaffredo
- Sorbonne Universités, University Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 06, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7622, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U 1156, Institute de Biologie Paris Siene, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Paris, France
| | - Charles Durand
- Sorbonne Universités, University Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 06, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7622, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U 1156, Institute de Biologie Paris Siene, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Voon DCC, Thiery JP. The Emerging Roles of RUNX Transcription Factors in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 962:471-489. [PMID: 28299674 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-3233-2_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an evolutionary conserved morphogenetic program necessary for the shaping of the body plan during development. It is guided precisely by growth factor signaling and a dedicated network of specialised transcription factors. These are supported by other transcription factor families serving auxiliary functions during EMT, beyond their general roles as effectors of major signaling pathways. EMT transiently induces in epithelial cells mesenchymal properties, such as the loss of cell-cell adhesion and a gain in cell motility. Together, these newly acquired properties enable their migration to distant sites where they eventually give rise to adult epithelia. However, it is now recognized that EMT contributes to the pathogenesis of several human diseases, notably in tissue fibrosis and cancer metastasis. The RUNX family of transcription factors are important players in cell fate determination during development, where their spatio-temporal expression often overlaps with the occurrence of EMT. Furthermore, the dysregulation of RUNX expression and functions are increasingly linked to the aberrant induction of EMT in cancer. The present chapter reviews the current knowledge of this emerging field and the common themes of RUNX involvement during EMT, with the intention of fostering future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Chih-Cheng Voon
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
| | - Jean Paul Thiery
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117596, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A-STAR, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Dey NS, Ramesh P, Chugh M, Mandal S, Mandal L. Dpp dependent Hematopoietic stem cells give rise to Hh dependent blood progenitors in larval lymph gland of Drosophila. eLife 2016; 5:18295. [PMID: 27782877 PMCID: PMC5120881 DOI: 10.7554/elife.18295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosophila hematopoiesis bears striking resemblance with that of vertebrates, both in the context of distinct phases and the signaling molecules. Even though, there has been no evidence of Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in Drosophila, the larval lymph gland with its Hedgehog dependent progenitors served as an invertebrate model of progenitor biology. Employing lineage-tracing analyses, we have now identified Notch expressing HSCs in the first instar larval lymph gland. Our studies clearly establish the hierarchical relationship between Notch expressing HSCs and the previously described Domeless expressing progenitors. These HSCs require Decapentapelagic (Dpp) signal from the hematopoietic niche for their maintenance in an identical manner to vertebrate aorta-gonadal-mesonephros (AGM) HSCs. Thus, this study not only extends the conservation across these divergent taxa, but also provides a new model that can be exploited to gain better insight into the AGM related Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Sharma Dey
- Developmental Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Mohali, India
| | - Parvathy Ramesh
- Developmental Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Mohali, India
| | - Mayank Chugh
- Developmental Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Mohali, India
| | - Sudip Mandal
- Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Mohali, India
| | - Lolitika Mandal
- Developmental Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Mohali, India
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Role of the bone morphogenic protein pathway in developmental haemopoiesis and leukaemogenesis. Biochem Soc Trans 2016; 44:1455-1463. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20160104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid leukaemias share the common characteristics of being stem cell-derived clonal diseases, characterised by excessive proliferation of one or more myeloid lineage. Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) arises from a genetic alteration in a normal haemopoietic stem cell (HSC) giving rise to a leukaemic stem cell (LSC) within the bone marrow (BM) ‘niche’. CML is characterised by the presence of the oncogenic tyrosine kinase fusion protein breakpoint cluster region-abelson murine leukaemia viral oncogene homolog 1 (BCR-ABL), which is responsible for driving the disease through activation of downstream signal transduction pathways. Recent evidence from our group and others indicates that important regulatory networks involved in establishing primitive and definitive haemopoiesis during development are reactivated in myeloid leukaemia, giving rise to an LSC population with altered self-renewal and differentiation properties. In this review, we explore the role the bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signalling plays in stem cell pluripotency, developmental haemopoiesis, HSC maintenance and the implication of altered BMP signalling on LSC persistence in the BM niche. Overall, we emphasise how the BMP and Wnt pathways converge to alter the Cdx–Hox axis and the implications of this in the pathogenesis of myeloid malignancies.
Collapse
|
37
|
Julien E, El Omar R, Tavian M. Origin of the hematopoietic system in the human embryo. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:3987-4001. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Julien
- Inserm UMR-S949; Etablissement Français du Sang-ALCA; University of Strasbourg; France
| | - Reine El Omar
- Inserm UMR-S949; Etablissement Français du Sang-ALCA; University of Strasbourg; France
| | - Manuela Tavian
- Inserm UMR-S949; Etablissement Français du Sang-ALCA; University of Strasbourg; France
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
De La Garza A, Sinha A, Bowman TV. Concise Review: Hematopoietic Stem Cell Origins: Lessons from Embryogenesis for Improving Regenerative Medicine. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 6:60-67. [PMID: 28170201 PMCID: PMC5442726 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2016-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have extensive regenerative capacity to replace all blood cell types, an ability that is harnessed in the clinic for bone marrow transplantation. Finding appropriate donors remains a major limitation to more extensive usage of HSC‐based therapies. Derivation of patient‐specific HSCs from pluripotent stem cells offers great promise to remedy this problem if scientists could crack the code on how to make robust, transplantable HSCs in a dish. Studies delving into the native origins of HSC production during embryonic development should supply the necessary playbook. This review presents recent discoveries from animal models, with a focus on zebrafish, and discusses the implications of these new advances in the context of prior knowledge. The focus is on the latest research exploring the role of epigenetic regulation, signaling pathways, and niche components needed for proper HSC formation. These studies provide new directions that should be explored for de novo generation and expansion of HSCs for regenerative therapies. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2017;6:60–67
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana De La Garza
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Arpan Sinha
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Teresa V. Bowman
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine (Oncology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Slukvin II. Generating human hematopoietic stem cells in vitro -exploring endothelial to hematopoietic transition as a portal for stemness acquisition. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:4126-4143. [PMID: 27391301 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Advances in cellular reprogramming technologies have created alternative platforms for the production of blood cells, either through inducing pluripotency in somatic cells or by way of direct conversion of nonhematopoietic cells into blood cells. However, de novo generation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) with robust and sustained multilineage engraftment potential remains a significant challenge. Hemogenic endothelium (HE) has been recognized as a unique transitional stage of blood development from mesoderm at which HSCs arise in certain embryonic locations. The major aim of this review is to summarize historical perspectives and recent advances in the investigation of endothelial to hematopoietic transition (EHT) and HSC formation in the context of aiding in vitro approaches to instruct HSC fate from human pluripotent stem cells. In addition, direct conversion of somatic cells to blood and HSCs and progression of this conversion through HE stage are discussed. A thorough understanding of the intrinsic and microenvironmental regulators of EHT that lead to the acquisition of self-renewal potential by emerging blood cells is essential to advance the technologies for HSC production and expansion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor I Slukvin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin Graduate School, Madison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Souilhol C, Gonneau C, Lendinez JG, Batsivari A, Rybtsov S, Wilson H, Morgado-Palacin L, Hills D, Taoudi S, Antonchuk J, Zhao S, Medvinsky A. Inductive interactions mediated by interplay of asymmetric signalling underlie development of adult haematopoietic stem cells. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10784. [PMID: 26952187 PMCID: PMC4786750 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During embryonic development, adult haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) emerge preferentially in the ventral domain of the aorta in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region. Several signalling pathways such as Notch, Wnt, Shh and RA are implicated in this process, yet how these interact to regulate the emergence of HSCs has not previously been described in mammals. Using a combination of ex vivo and in vivo approaches, we report here that stage-specific reciprocal dorso-ventral inductive interactions and lateral input from the urogenital ridges are required to drive HSC development in the aorta. Our study strongly suggests that these inductive interactions in the AGM region are mediated by the interplay between spatially polarized signalling pathways. Specifically, Shh produced in the dorsal region of the AGM, stem cell factor in the ventral and lateral regions, and BMP inhibitory signals in the ventral tissue are integral parts of the regulatory system involved in the development of HSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Souilhol
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, SCRM Bioquarter, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, Scotland, UK
| | - Christèle Gonneau
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, SCRM Bioquarter, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, Scotland, UK
| | - Javier G. Lendinez
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, SCRM Bioquarter, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, Scotland, UK
| | - Antoniana Batsivari
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, SCRM Bioquarter, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, Scotland, UK
| | - Stanislav Rybtsov
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, SCRM Bioquarter, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, Scotland, UK
| | - Heather Wilson
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, SCRM Bioquarter, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, Scotland, UK
| | - Lucia Morgado-Palacin
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, SCRM Bioquarter, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, Scotland, UK
| | - David Hills
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, SCRM Bioquarter, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, Scotland, UK
| | - Samir Taoudi
- Molecular Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Victoria 3052 Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3052 Melbourne, Australia
- Cancer and Haematology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Victoria 3052 Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Suling Zhao
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, SCRM Bioquarter, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, Scotland, UK
| | - Alexander Medvinsky
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, SCRM Bioquarter, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, Scotland, UK
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Crisan M, Solaimani Kartalaei P, Neagu A, Karkanpouna S, Yamada-Inagawa T, Purini C, Vink CS, van der Linden R, van Ijcken W, Chuva de Sousa Lopes SM, Monteiro R, Mummery C, Dzierzak E. BMP and Hedgehog Regulate Distinct AGM Hematopoietic Stem Cells Ex Vivo. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 6:383-95. [PMID: 26923823 PMCID: PMC4788785 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), the self-renewing cells of the adult blood differentiation hierarchy, are generated during embryonic stages. The first HSCs are produced in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region of the embryo through endothelial to a hematopoietic transition. BMP4 and Hedgehog affect their production and expansion, but it is unknown whether they act to affect the same HSCs. In this study using the BRE GFP reporter mouse strain that identifies BMP/Smad-activated cells, we find that the AGM harbors two types of adult-repopulating HSCs upon explant culture: One type is BMP-activated and the other is a non-BMP-activated HSC type that is indirectly controlled by Hedgehog signaling through the VEGF pathway. Transcriptomic analyses demonstrate that the two HSC types express distinct but overlapping genetic programs. These results revealing the bifurcation in HSC types at early embryonic stages in the AGM explant model suggest that their development is dependent upon the signaling molecules in the microenvironment. AGM explants contain two HSC types, BMP-activated and non-BMP-activated Non-BMP-activated HSCs are dependent on Hedgehog/VEGF Changes in the microenvironment ex vivo contribute to novel HSC composition
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Crisan
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus MC Stem Cell Institute, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands; BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Parham Solaimani Kartalaei
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus MC Stem Cell Institute, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Alex Neagu
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus MC Stem Cell Institute, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sofia Karkanpouna
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus MC Stem Cell Institute, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tomoko Yamada-Inagawa
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus MC Stem Cell Institute, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Caterina Purini
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus MC Stem Cell Institute, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Chris S Vink
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus MC Stem Cell Institute, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Reinier van der Linden
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus MC Stem Cell Institute, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wilfred van Ijcken
- Center for Biomics, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Rui Monteiro
- Molecular Hematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Christine Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Elaine Dzierzak
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus MC Stem Cell Institute, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Understanding how the blood system is formed is an ongoing fundamental research challenge. Developmental biology has provided many insights into the molecules and processes that affect the formation of the blood tissues, both in health and disease. It is of particular interest for clinical transplantation therapies to understand how hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)-the self-renewing purveyors of the adult blood system that produce over 10 different functionally specialized cell lineages and over 10(11) cells daily-are generated during embryonic stages. Recent successes to reprogram the fate of adult differentiated cells to pluripotency and to other cell lineages now highlight the importance of identifying the cells and molecules that affect the in vivo developmental initiation of rare and robust transplantable HSCs. The close association of the developing hematopoietic and vascular system, hematopoietic cell mobility through the circulation, and the essential role of the embryonic hematopoietic system in adult hematopoietic cell development make this a formidable study. This chapter reviews the advances, controversies, and current state of our knowledge of the growing field of hematopoietic development, with a special focus on the regulation of the natural transdifferentiation of endothelial cells to HSCs within the developing embryo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Dzierzak
- Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; MRC Centre for Inflammation Research and MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Analysis of Jak2 signaling reveals resistance of mouse embryonic hematopoietic stem cells to myeloproliferative disease mutation. Blood 2016; 127:2298-309. [PMID: 26864339 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-08-664631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) emergence during development provides important information about the basic mechanisms of blood stem cell generation, expansion, and migration. We set out to investigate the role that cytokine signaling pathways play in these early processes and show here that the 2 cytokines interleukin 3 and thrombopoietin have the ability to expand hematopoietic stem and progenitor numbers by regulating their survival and proliferation. For this, they differentially use the Janus kinase (Jak2) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (Pi3k) signaling pathways, with Jak2 mainly relaying the proproliferation signaling, whereas Pi3k mediates the survival signal. Furthermore, using Jak2-deficient embryos, we demonstrate that Jak2 is crucially required for the function of the first HSCs, whereas progenitors are less dependent on Jak2. The JAK2V617F mutation, which renders JAK2 constitutively active and has been linked to myeloproliferative neoplasms, was recently shown to compromise adult HSC function, negatively affecting their repopulation and self-renewal ability, partly through the accumulation of JAK2V617F-induced DNA damage. We report here that nascent HSCs are resistant to the JAK2V617F mutation and show no decrease in repopulation or self-renewal and no increase in DNA damage, even in the presence of 2 mutant copies. More importantly, this unique property of embryonic HSCs is stably maintained through ≥1 round of successive transplantations. In summary, our dissection of cytokine signaling in embryonic HSCs has uncovered unique properties of these cells that are of clinical importance.
Collapse
|
44
|
Orlova VV, Chuva de Sousa Lopes S, Valdimarsdottir G. BMP-SMAD signaling: From pluripotent stem cells to cardiovascular commitment. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2016; 27:55-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
45
|
|
46
|
Xiao N, Le QT. Neurotrophic Factors and Their Potential Applications in Tissue Regeneration. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2015; 64:89-99. [PMID: 26611762 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-015-0376-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neurotrophic factors are growth factors that can nourish neurons and promote neuron survival and regeneration. They have been studied as potential drug candidates for treating neurodegenerative diseases. Since their identification, there are more and more evidences to indicate that neurotrophic factors are also expressed in non-neuronal tissues and regulate the survival, anti-inflammation, proliferation and differentiation in these tissues. This mini review summarizes the characteristics of the neurotrophic factors and their potential clinical applications in the regeneration of neuronal and non-neuronal tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Quynh-Thu Le
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
BMP signalling differentially regulates distinct haematopoietic stem cell types. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8040. [PMID: 26282601 PMCID: PMC4557333 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult haematopoiesis is the outcome of distinct haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) subtypes with self-renewable repopulating ability, but with different haematopoietic cell lineage outputs. The molecular basis for this heterogeneity is largely unknown. BMP signalling regulates HSCs as they are first generated in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros region, but at later developmental stages, its role in HSCs is controversial. Here we show that HSCs in murine fetal liver and the bone marrow are of two types that can be prospectively isolated--BMP activated and non-BMP activated. Clonal transplantation demonstrates that they have distinct haematopoietic lineage outputs. Moreover, the two HSC types differ in intrinsic genetic programs, thus supporting a role for the BMP signalling axis in the regulation of HSC heterogeneity and lineage output. Our findings provide insight into the molecular control mechanisms that define HSC types and have important implications for reprogramming cells to HSC fate and treatments targeting distinct HSC types.
Collapse
|
48
|
Lim M, Pang Y, Ma S, Hao S, Shi H, Zheng Y, Hua C, Gu X, Yang F, Yuan W, Cheng T. Altered mesenchymal niche cells impede generation of normal hematopoietic progenitor cells in leukemic bone marrow. Leukemia 2015; 30:154-62. [PMID: 26239199 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Degeneration of normal hematopoietic cells is a shared feature of malignant diseases in the hematopoietic system. Previous studies have shown the exhaustion of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) in leukemic marrow, whereas hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) remain functional upon relocation to non-leukemic marrow. However, the underlying cellular mechanisms, especially the specific niche components that are responsible for the degeneration of HPCs, are unknown. In this study, we focused on murine bone mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their supporting function for normal hematopoietic cells in Notch1-induced acute T-cell lymphocytic leukemia (T-ALL) mice. We demonstrate that the proliferative capability and differentiation potential of T-ALL MSCs were impaired due to accelerated cellular senescence. RNA-seq analysis revealed significant transcriptional alterations in leukemic MSCs. After co-cultured with the MSCs from T-ALL mice, a specific inhibitory effect on HPCs was defined, whereas in vivo repopulating potential of normal HSCs was not compromised. Furthermore, osteoprotegerin was identified as a cytokine to improve the function of T-ALL MSCs and to enhance normal HPC output via the p38/ERK pathway. Therefore, this study reveals a novel cellular mechanism underlying the inhibition of HPC generation in T-ALL. Leukemic MSCs may serve as a cellular target for improving normal hematopoietic regeneration therapeutically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Lim
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical Colleage, Tianjin, China
| | - Y Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical Colleage, Tianjin, China
| | - S Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical Colleage, Tianjin, China
| | - S Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical Colleage, Tianjin, China
| | - H Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical Colleage, Tianjin, China
| | - Y Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical Colleage, Tianjin, China
| | - C Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical Colleage, Tianjin, China
| | - X Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical Colleage, Tianjin, China
| | - F Yang
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - W Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical Colleage, Tianjin, China
| | - T Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical Colleage, Tianjin, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine and Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical Colleage, Tianjin, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Coste C, Neirinckx V, Gothot A, Wislet S, Rogister B. Are neural crest stem cells the missing link between hematopoietic and neurogenic niches? Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:218. [PMID: 26136659 PMCID: PMC4469833 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic niches are defined as cellular and molecular microenvironments that regulate hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function together with stem cell autonomous mechanisms. Many different cell types have been characterized as contributors to the formation of HSC niches, such as osteoblasts, endothelial cells, Schwann cells, and mesenchymal progenitors. These mesenchymal progenitors have themselves been classified as CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL) 12-abundant reticular (CAR) cells, stem cell factor expressing cells, or nestin-positive mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which have been recently identified as neural crest-derived cells (NCSCs). Together, these cells are spatially associated with HSCs and believed to provide appropriate microenvironments for HSC self-renewal, differentiation, mobilization and hibernation both by cell-cell contact and soluble factors. Interestingly, it appears that regulatory pathways governing the hematopoietic niche homeostasis are operating in the neurogenic niche as well. Therefore, this review paper aims to compare both the regulation of hematopoietic and neurogenic niches, in order to highlight the role of NCSCs and nervous system components in the development and the regulation of the hematopoietic system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Coste
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Neurosciences, Unit of Nervous System Disorders and Treatment, University of Liège Liège, Belgium
| | - Virginie Neirinckx
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Neurosciences, Unit of Nervous System Disorders and Treatment, University of Liège Liège, Belgium
| | - André Gothot
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liège Liège, Belgium ; Hematology Department, University Hospital Liège, Belgium
| | - Sabine Wislet
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Neurosciences, Unit of Nervous System Disorders and Treatment, University of Liège Liège, Belgium
| | - Bernard Rogister
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Neurosciences, Unit of Nervous System Disorders and Treatment, University of Liège Liège, Belgium ; Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Development, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Liège Liège, Belgium ; Neurology Department, University Hospital Liège, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kim PG, Nakano H, Das PP, Chen MJ, Rowe RG, Chou SS, Ross SJ, Sakamoto KM, Zon LI, Schlaeger TM, Orkin SH, Nakano A, Daley GQ. Flow-induced protein kinase A-CREB pathway acts via BMP signaling to promote HSC emergence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 212:633-48. [PMID: 25870201 PMCID: PMC4419355 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20141514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Kim et al. identify a novel shear stress–induced pathway involving protein kinase A, CREB, and bone morphogenetic protein that regulates hematopoietic stem cell generation in the embryonic aorta. Fluid shear stress promotes the emergence of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the aorta–gonad–mesonephros (AGM) of the developing mouse embryo. We determined that the AGM is enriched for expression of targets of protein kinase A (PKA)–cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), a pathway activated by fluid shear stress. By analyzing CREB genomic occupancy from chromatin-immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) data, we identified the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway as a potential regulator of CREB. By chemical modulation of the PKA–CREB and BMP pathways in isolated AGM VE-cadherin+ cells from mid-gestation embryos, we demonstrate that PKA–CREB regulates hematopoietic engraftment and clonogenicity of hematopoietic progenitors, and is dependent on secreted BMP ligands through the type I BMP receptor. Finally, we observed blunting of this signaling axis using Ncx1-null embryos, which lack a heartbeat and intravascular flow. Collectively, we have identified a novel PKA–CREB–BMP signaling pathway downstream of shear stress that regulates HSC emergence in the AGM via the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Geon Kim
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Haruko Nakano
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Partha P Das
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Michael J Chen
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - R Grant Rowe
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Stephanie S Chou
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Samantha J Ross
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Kathleen M Sakamoto
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Thorsten M Schlaeger
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Stuart H Orkin
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Atsushi Nakano
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - George Q Daley
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| |
Collapse
|