1
|
Butt A, Hayes C, Boland M, Abdulhadi A, Sorenson J, Dowling G, Khalifa M, Keelan S, Giblin K, Downey E, Allen M, Power C, Hill ADK. Effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on breast cancer presentation - a single unit study over 5 years. Ir Med J 2024; 117:912. [PMID: 38446109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
|
2
|
Bakal JA, Rivera R, Charlton C, Plitt S, Power C. Evolving etiologies, comorbidities, survival, and costs of care in adult encephalitis. J Neurovirol 2023; 29:605-613. [PMID: 37581843 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-023-01165-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Encephalitis is a central nervous system disorder, often caused by infectious agents or aberrant immune responses. We investigated causes, comorbidities, costs, and outcomes of encephalitis in a population-based cohort. ICD-10 codes corresponding to encephalitis were used to identify health services records for all adults from 2004 to 2019. Data were cross-validated for identified diagnoses based on laboratory confirmation using univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. We identified persons with a diagnosis of encephalitis and abnormal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) results (n = 581) in whom viral genome was detected (n = 315) in a population of 3.2 million adults from 2004 to 2019. Viral genome-positive CSF samples included HSV-1 (n = 133), VZV (n = 116), HSV-2 (n = 34), enterovirus (n = 4), EBV (n = 5), and CMV (n = 3) with the remaining viruses included JCV (n = 12) and HHV-6 (n = 1). The mean Charlson Comorbidity Index (2.0) and mortality rate (37.6%) were significantly higher in the CSF viral genome-negative encephalitis group although the mean costs of care were significantly higher for the CSF viral genome-positive group. Cumulative incidence rates showed increased CSF VZV detection in persons with encephalitis, which predominated in persons over 65 years with a higher mean Charlson index. We detected HSV-2 and VZV more frequently in CSF from encephalitis cases with greater material-social deprivation. The mean costs of care were significantly greater for HSV-1 encephalitis group. Encephalitis remains an important cause of neurological disability and death with a viral etiology in 54.2% of affected adults accompanied by substantial costs of care and mortality. Virus-associated encephalitis is evolving with increased VZV detection, especially in older persons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A Bakal
- Provincial Research Data Services-Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - R Rivera
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - C Charlton
- Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - S Plitt
- Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - C Power
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Medical Research Centre, University of Alberta, 6-11 Heritage, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Roczkowsky A, Limonta D, Fernandes JP, Branton WG, Clarke M, Hlavay B, Noyce RS, Joseph JT, Ogando NS, Das SK, Elaish M, Arbour N, Evans DH, Langdon K, Hobman TC, Power C. COVID-19 Induces Neuroinflammation and Suppresses Peroxisomes in the Brain. Ann Neurol 2023; 94:531-546. [PMID: 37190821 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Peroxisome injury occurs in the central nervous system (CNS) during multiple virus infections that result in neurological disabilities. We investigated host neuroimmune responses and peroxisome biogenesis factors during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection using a multiplatform strategy. METHODS Brain tissues from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (n = 12) and other disease control (ODC) (n = 12) patients, as well as primary human neural cells and Syrian hamsters, infected with a clinical variant of SARS-CoV-2, were investigated by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR), quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-qPCR), and immunodetection methods. RESULTS SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in the CNS of 4 patients with COVID-19 with viral protein (NSP3 and spike) immunodetection in the brainstem. Olfactory bulb, brainstem, and cerebrum from patients with COVID-19 showed induction of pro-inflammatory transcripts (IL8, IL18, CXCL10, NOD2) and cytokines (GM-CSF and IL-18) compared to CNS tissues from ODC patients (p < 0.05). Peroxisome biogenesis factor transcripts (PEX3, PEX5L, PEX11β, and PEX14) and proteins (PEX3, PEX14, PMP70) were suppressed in the CNS of COVID-19 compared to ODC patients (p < 0.05). SARS-CoV-2 infection of hamsters revealed viral RNA detection in the olfactory bulb at days 4 and 7 post-infection while inflammatory gene expression was upregulated in the cerebrum of infected animals by day 14 post-infection (p < 0.05). Pex3 transcript levels together with catalase and PMP70 immunoreactivity were suppressed in the cerebrum of SARS-CoV-2 infected animals (p < 0.05). INTERPRETATION COVID-19 induced sustained neuroinflammatory responses with peroxisome biogenesis factor suppression despite limited brainstem SARS-CoV-2 neurotropism in humans. These observations offer insights into developing biomarkers and therapies, while also implicating persistent peroxisome dysfunction as a contributor to the neurological post-acute sequelae of COVID-19. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:531-546.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Roczkowsky
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, USA
| | - D Limonta
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, USA
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, USA
| | - J P Fernandes
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, USA
| | - W G Branton
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, USA
| | - M Clarke
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, USA
| | - B Hlavay
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, USA
| | - R S Noyce
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, USA
| | - J T Joseph
- Department of Pathology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, USA
| | - N S Ogando
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, USA
| | - S K Das
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, USA
| | - M Elaish
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, USA
| | - N Arbour
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Montreal, and CHUM, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - D H Evans
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, USA
| | - K Langdon
- Department of Pathology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, USA
| | - T C Hobman
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, USA
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, USA
| | - C Power
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rasko JEJ, Power C. The deadly legacy of a stem cell charlatan. BMJ 2023; 381:1367. [PMID: 37343959 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.p1367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carl Power
- Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hlavay BA, Zhuo R, Ogando N, Charlton C, Stapleton JT, Klein MB, Power C. Human pegivirus viremia in HCV/HIV co-infected patients: Direct acting antivirals exert anti-pegivirus effects. J Clin Virol 2023; 162:105445. [PMID: 37043902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2023.105445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human pegivirus (HPgV) is a single-stranded RNA virus that is closely related to hepatitis C virus (HCV). HPgV has also been shown to infect patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The mechanisms and disease outcomes of HPgV infections are largely unknown, although it has been implicated in both cancer and neurological diseases. There are no established therapies for HPgV. OBJECTIVES To estimate the prevalence of HPgV in a cohort of HCV/HIV co-infected patients undergoing treatment for HCV with direct acting antivirals (DAA) and investigate the effect of DAA therapy on HPgV infection. STUDY DESIGN RNA was extracted from plasma samples collected at time points before, during, and after DAA. HPgV RNA abundance was quantified by droplet digital PCR assays targeting the NS5A and 5'UTR domains and confirmed by RT-qPCR. Clinical, demographic and treatment data were analysed. RESULTS HPgV RNA was detected and quantified in 26 of 100 patients' plasma (26%) before starting DAA. Patients with detectable HPgV were more likely to be male, had higher peak HIV plasma levels, and a history of injection drug use. Patients receiving sofosbuvir/ledipasvir (n = 9) displayed significantly lower HPgV levels at time of DAA completion and had lower post-DAA HPgV rebound levels compared to patients receiving sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (n = 11) although both regimens significantly reduced viremia directly following DAA completion. Sustained suppression of HPgV was also observed among patients (n = 2) receiving pegylated-interferon. CONCLUSIONS HPgV RNA was frequently detected in HCV/HIV co-infected patients and was supressed by DAA and pegylated interferon therapies with sofosbuvir-ledipasvir showing greatest antiviral activity. These findings suggest potential treatment strategies for HPgV infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B A Hlavay
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - R Zhuo
- Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - N Ogando
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - C Charlton
- Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - J T Stapleton
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - M B Klein
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - C Power
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Power C. May Ng: a lifetime commitment to children. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2023; 11:81. [PMID: 36702564 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
7
|
Perret LC, Geoffroy MC, Barr E, Parnet F, Provencal N, Boivin M, O’Donnell KJ, Suderman M, Power C, Turecki G, Ouellet-Morin I. Associations between epigenetic aging and childhood peer victimization, depression, and suicidal ideation in adolescence and adulthood: A study of two population-based samples. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1051556. [PMID: 36712964 PMCID: PMC9879289 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1051556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Prior studies indicate that peer victimization (including bullying) is associated with higher risk for depression and suicidal ideation across the life course. However, molecular mechanisms underlying these associations remain unclear. This two-cohort study proposes to test whether epigenetic aging and pace of aging, as well as a DNA methylation marker of responsive to glucocorticoids, are associated to childhood peer victimization and later depressive symptoms, or suicidal ideation. Methods: Cohort 1: Epigenome-wide DNA methylation (EPIC array) was measured in saliva collected when participants were 10.47 years (standard deviation = 0.35) in a subsample of the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (QLSCD, n = 149 participants), with self-reported peer victimization at 6-8 years, depressive symptoms (mean symptoms, and dichotomized top 30% symptoms) and suicidal ideation at 15-17 years. Cohort 2: Epigenome-wide DNA methylation (EPIC array) was measured in blood collected from participants aged 45.13 years (standard deviation = 0.37) in a subsample of the 1958 British Birth cohort (1958BBC, n = 238 participants) with information on mother-reported peer victimization at 7-11 years, self-reported depressive symptoms at 50 years, and suicidal ideation at 45 years. Five epigenetic indices were derived: three indicators of epigenetic aging [Horvath's pan-tissue (Horvath1), Horvath's Skin-and-Blood (Horvath2), Pediatric-Buccal-Epigenetic age (PedBE)], pace of aging (DunedinPACE), and stress response reactivity (Epistress). Results: Peer victimization was not associated with the epigenetic indices in either cohort. In the QLSCD, higher PedBE epigenetic aging and a slower pace of aging as measured by DunedinPACE predicted higher depressive symptoms scores. In contrast, neither the Horvath1, or Horvath2 epigenetic age estimates, nor the Epistress score were associated with depressive symptoms in either cohort, and none of the epigenetic indices predicted suicidal ideation. Conclusion: The findings are consistent with epigenome-wide and candidate gene studies suggesting that these epigenetic indices did not relate to peer victimization, challenging the hypothesis that cumulative epigenetic aging indices could translate vulnerability to depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation following peer victimization. Since some indices of epigenetic aging and pace of aging signaled higher risk for depressive symptoms, future studies should pursue this investigation to further evaluate the robustness and generalization of these preliminary findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L. C. Perret
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - M-C. Geoffroy
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - E. Barr
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - F. Parnet
- School of Criminology, Research Center of the Montreal Mental Health University Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - N. Provencal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - M. Boivin
- School of Psychology, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - K. J. O’Donnell
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States,Child and Brain Development Program, CIFAR, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M. Suderman
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, Bristol Population Health Science Institute, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - C. Power
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - G. Turecki
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - I. Ouellet-Morin
- School of Criminology, Research Center of the Montreal Mental Health University Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada,*Correspondence: I. Ouellet-Morin,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Power C. Silver Bahendeka: the obligation to hope. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2023; 11:17. [PMID: 36528347 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(22)00356-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
9
|
Chandrakanthan V, Rorimpandey P, Zanini F, Chacon D, Olivier J, Joshi S, Kang YC, Knezevic K, Huang Y, Qiao Q, Oliver RA, Unnikrishnan A, Carter DR, Lee B, Brownlee C, Power C, Brink R, Mendez-Ferrer S, Enikolopov G, Walsh W, Göttgens B, Taoudi S, Beck D, Pimanda JE. Mesoderm-derived PDGFRA + cells regulate the emergence of hematopoietic stem cells in the dorsal aorta. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:1211-1225. [PMID: 35902769 PMCID: PMC9359911 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-00955-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mouse haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) first emerge at embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5), on the ventral surface of the dorsal aorta, by endothelial-to-haematopoietic transition. We investigated whether mesenchymal stem cells, which provide an essential niche for long-term HSCs (LT-HSCs) in the bone marrow, reside in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros and contribute to the development of the dorsal aorta and endothelial-to-haematopoietic transition. Here we show that mesoderm-derived PDGFRA+ stromal cells (Mesp1der PSCs) contribute to the haemogenic endothelium of the dorsal aorta and populate the E10.5-E11.5 aorta-gonad-mesonephros but by E13.5 were replaced by neural-crest-derived PSCs (Wnt1der PSCs). Co-aggregating non-haemogenic endothelial cells with Mesp1der PSCs but not Wnt1der PSCs resulted in activation of a haematopoietic transcriptional programme in endothelial cells and generation of LT-HSCs. Dose-dependent inhibition of PDGFRA or BMP, WNT and NOTCH signalling interrupted this reprogramming event. Together, aorta-gonad-mesonephros Mesp1der PSCs could potentially be harnessed to manufacture LT-HSCs from endothelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vashe Chandrakanthan
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Prunella Rorimpandey
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fabio Zanini
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Garvan-Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Sydney, Australia.,UNSW Futures Institute for Cellular Genomics, Sydney, Australia
| | - Diego Chacon
- Centre for Health Technologies and the School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jake Olivier
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Swapna Joshi
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Young Chan Kang
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kathy Knezevic
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yizhou Huang
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Mathematics and Statistics, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Qiao Qiao
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rema A Oliver
- Surgical & Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ashwin Unnikrishnan
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel R Carter
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Mathematics and Statistics, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brendan Lee
- Biological Resources Imaging Laboratory, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chris Brownlee
- Biological Resources Imaging Laboratory, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carl Power
- Biological Resources Imaging Laboratory, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert Brink
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon Mendez-Ferrer
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Grigori Enikolopov
- Center for Developmental Genetics and Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - William Walsh
- Surgical & Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Samir Taoudi
- Epigenetics and development division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dominik Beck
- Centre for Health Technologies and the School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John E Pimanda
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Department of Haematology, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Power C. Sylvia Kehlenbrink: facing the extremes. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2022; 10:484. [PMID: 35644167 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(22)00161-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
11
|
Hennessy G, Boland M, Bambrick M, Crone L, Lloyd A, Abdelwahab S, Downey E, Staunton M, Hambly N, Mhuircheartaigh NN, Kerr J, Power C, Duke D, Hill ADK. Value of long-term follow-up in surgically excised lesions of uncertain malignant potential in the breast – Is 5 years necessary? Clin Breast Cancer 2022; 22:699-704. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
12
|
Lloyd A, Abd Elwahab S, Boland M, Elfadul A, Hill A, Power C. Acute complicated appendicitis caused by an ingested toothpick – A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2022; 92:106872. [PMID: 35259701 PMCID: PMC8902606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2022.106872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction and importance Acute appendicitis is one of the most common presentations to the emergency department, particularly in young adults. A combination of clinical suspicion, inflammatory blood markers and imaging modalities such as ultrasound and CT are used for its definitive diagnosis. Early detection and intervention are paramount to reduce morbidity and mortality. Laparoscopic appendicectomy is the current gold standard in the management of appendicitis, especially if complicated according to EAES guidelines. There are few documented cases in the literature of acute appendicitis secondary to foreign body ingestion. On account of this, there are currently no guidelines for its management. Our literature review highlights the importance of surgical management of foreign body acute appendicitis. Case presentation This case report describes the rare presentation of acute complicated appendicitis caused by an ingested toothpick in a 64 year old woman. The patient was admitted with a 3 day history of lower abdominal pain, localizing to the right iliac fossa with raised inflammatory markers. CT imaging reported acute complicated appendicitis. Laparoscopic appendicectomy was performed during which a toothpick was seen protruding through the appendiceal wall. Post operatively the patient was treated with IV antibiotics for 5 days prior to discharge. Clinical discussion Due to the rare nature of foreign body appendicitis there are no specific guidelines on the respective surgical approach. A literature review showed that in the setting of foreign body appendicitis, surgical intervention is paramount with no scope for conservative management. Conclusion Surgical approach is based on the clinical judgement and skillset of the operating surgeon. Remember foreign body ingestion as a cause of appendicitis Management of foreign body appendicitis is surgical intervention. Open vs laparoscopic approach depends on the surgeons clinical judgement, preference and skillset.
Collapse
|
13
|
Power C. Viswanathan Mohan: a dynasty of diabetology. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2022; 10:22. [PMID: 34919869 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(21)00316-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
14
|
|
15
|
Power C. Mark Atkinson: bringing two worlds together. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2021; 9:652. [PMID: 34181913 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(21)00175-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
16
|
Alluqmani M, Roda W, Qqrmli M, Blevins G, Giuliani F, Power C. Differential disease phenotypes and progression in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: comparative analyses of single Canadian and Saudi Arabian clinics. BMC Neurol 2021; 21:295. [PMID: 34311734 PMCID: PMC8314572 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02317-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RR-MS) phenotypes differ widely although the variables contributing to this heterogeneity remain uncertain. To assess geographic and ethnic effects on RR-MS phenotypes, we investigated RR-MS patients in Canada and Saudi Arabia. Methods A retrospective analysis of patients followed in two MS Clinics was performed in Medina, Saudi Arabia and Edmonton, Canada. Demographic and clinical data were collected for each patient and analyzed using univariable and multivariable statistics. Univariable and multivariable linear regression were used to distinguish the significant clinical and demographic features and neurological systems associated with the change in expanded disability status scale (EDSS) between clinical assessments. Results Patients with treated RR-MS were recruited (n = 51, Saudi; n = 47, Canada) although the disease duration was longer in the Canadian cohort (5.6 ± 2.2 yr.) compared to the Saudi cohort (4.4 ± 1.4 yr.) (P < 0.05), annual relapse rate and EDSS change were higher in the Saudi cohort (P < 0.05). Infratentorial lesion-associated presentation differed (Canada, n = 23; Saudi, n = 13) among groups (P < 0.05). Spinal cord lesions on MRI were more frequently detected in Canadian (n = 23) compared to Saudi (n = 1) patients (P < 0.05). Patients within the Saudi cohort displayed a significantly greater change in Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) between first and second assessments. Conclusions Despite differences in geographic location, ethnicity, and predominance of infratentorial lesions in the Canadian group, the RR-MS phenotypes were similar although the Saudi cohort displayed a more severe disease course. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12883-021-02317-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Alluqmani
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Alberta, 6-11 Heritage Medical Research Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Taibah, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - W Roda
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - M Qqrmli
- Department of Medicine, University of Taibah, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - G Blevins
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Alberta, 6-11 Heritage Medical Research Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - F Giuliani
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Alberta, 6-11 Heritage Medical Research Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - C Power
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Alberta, 6-11 Heritage Medical Research Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mattner F, Katsifis A, Bourdier T, Loc'h C, Berghofer P, Fookes C, Hung TT, Jackson T, Henderson D, Pham T, Lee BJ, Shepherd R, Greguric I, Wyatt N, Le T, Poon J, Power C, Fulham M. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of [ 18F]PBR316: a novel PET ligand targeting the translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) with low binding sensitivity to human single nucleotide polymorphism rs6971. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:1207-1221. [PMID: 34355185 PMCID: PMC8292990 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00035g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiopharmaceuticals that target the translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) have been investigated with positron emission tomography (PET) to study neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration and cancer. We have developed the novel, achiral, 2-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine, PBR316 that targets the translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) that addresses some of the limitations inherent in current TSPO ligands; namely specificity in binding, blood brain barrier permeability, metabolism and insensitivity to TSPO binding in subjects as a result of rs6971 polymorphism. PBR316 has high nanomolar affinity (4.7-6.0 nM) for the TSPO, >5000 nM for the central benzodiazepine receptor (CBR) and low sensitivity to rs6971 polymorphism with a low affinity binders (LABs) to high affinity binders (HABs) ratio of 1.5. [18F]PBR316 was prepared in 20 ± 5% radiochemical yield, >99% radiochemical purity and a molar activity of 160-400 GBq μmol-1. Biodistribution in rats showed high uptake of [18F]PBR316 in organs known to express TSPO such as heart (3.9%) and adrenal glands (7.5% ID per g) at 1 h. [18F]PBR316 entered the brain and accumulated in TSPO-expressing regions with an olfactory bulb to brain ratio of 3 at 15 min and 7 at 4 h. Radioactivity was blocked by PK11195 and Ro 5-4864 but not Flumazenil. Metabolite analysis showed that radioactivity in adrenal glands and the brain was predominantly due to the intact radiotracer. PET-CT studies in mouse-bearing prostate tumour xenografts indicated biodistribution similar to rats with radioactivity in the tumour increasing with time. [18F]PBR316 shows in vitro binding that is insensitive to human polymorphism and has specific and selective in vivo binding to the TSPO. [18F]PBR316 is suitable for further biological and clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Mattner
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Camperdown NSW 2050 Australia
| | - Andrew Katsifis
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Camperdown NSW 2050 Australia
- School of Pharmacy, University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Thomas Bourdier
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Camperdown NSW 2050 Australia
| | - Christian Loc'h
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Lucas Heights NSW Australia
| | - Paula Berghofer
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Lucas Heights NSW Australia
| | - Christopher Fookes
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Lucas Heights NSW Australia
| | - Tzong-Tyng Hung
- Biological Resources Imaging Laboratory, University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Timothy Jackson
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Lucas Heights NSW Australia
| | - David Henderson
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Camperdown NSW 2050 Australia
| | - Tien Pham
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Lucas Heights NSW Australia
| | - Brendan J Lee
- Biological Resources Imaging Laboratory, University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Rachael Shepherd
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Lucas Heights NSW Australia
| | - Ivan Greguric
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Lucas Heights NSW Australia
| | - Naomi Wyatt
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Lucas Heights NSW Australia
| | - Thanh Le
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Camperdown NSW 2050 Australia
| | - Jackson Poon
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Camperdown NSW 2050 Australia
| | - Carl Power
- Biological Resources Imaging Laboratory, University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Michael Fulham
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Camperdown NSW 2050 Australia
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
|
19
|
Bakal JA, Charlton CL, Hlavay B, Jansen GH, Svenson LW, Power C. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: population-wide incidences, comorbidities, costs of care, and outcomes. J Neurovirol 2021; 27:476-481. [PMID: 33978904 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-021-00983-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Neurological disorders associated with chronic infections are often progressive as well as challenging to diagnose and manage. Among 4.4 million persons from 2004 to 2019 receiving universal health, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML, n = 58) and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD, n = 93) cases were identified, revealing stable yearly incidence rates with divergent comorbidities: HIV/AIDS affected 37.8% of PML cases while cerebrovascular disease affected 26.9% of CJD cases. Most CJD cases died within 1 year (73%) although PML cases lived beyond 5 years (34.1%) despite higher initial costs of care. PML and CJD represent important neurological disorders with evolving risk variables and impact on health care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A Bakal
- Provincial Research Data Services-Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - C L Charlton
- Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Li Ki Sheng Institute of Virology, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - B Hlavay
- Department of Medicine, Medical Research Centre, University of Alberta, 6-11 Heritage, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - G H Jansen
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - L W Svenson
- Department of Medicine, Medical Research Centre, University of Alberta, 6-11 Heritage, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Analytics & Performance Reporting Branch, Alberta Health, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - C Power
- Department of Medicine, Medical Research Centre, University of Alberta, 6-11 Heritage, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Eustace AJ, Madden SF, Fay J, Collins DM, Kay EW, Sheehan KM, Furney S, Moran B, Fagan A, Morris PG, Teiserskiene A, Hill AD, Grogan L, Walshe JM, Breathnach O, Power C, Duke D, Egan K, Gallagher WM, O'Donovan N, Crown J, Toomey S, Hennessy BT. The role of infiltrating lymphocytes in the neo-adjuvant treatment of women with HER2-positive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 187:635-645. [PMID: 33983492 PMCID: PMC8197702 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06244-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Pre-treatment tumour-associated lymphocytes (TILs) and stromal lymphocytes (SLs) are independent predictive markers of future pathological complete response (pCR) in HER2-positive breast cancer. Whilst studies have correlated baseline lymphocyte levels with subsequent pCR, few have studied the impact of neoadjuvant therapy on the immune environment. Methods We performed TIL analysis and T-cell analysis by IHC on the pretreatment and ‘On-treatment’ samples from patients recruited on the Phase-II TCHL (NCT01485926) clinical trial. Data were analysed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the Spearman rank correlation. Results In our sample cohort (n = 66), patients who achieved a pCR at surgery, post-chemotherapy, had significantly higher counts of TILs (p = 0.05) but not SLs (p = 0.08) in their pre-treatment tumour samples. Patients who achieved a subsequent pCR after completing neo-adjuvant chemotherapy had significantly higher SLs (p = 9.09 × 10–3) but not TILs (p = 0.1) in their ‘On-treatment’ tumour biopsies. In a small cohort of samples (n = 16), infiltrating lymphocyte counts increased after 1 cycle of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy only in those tumours of patients who did not achieve a subsequent pCR. Finally, reduced CD3 + (p = 0.04, rho = 0.60) and CD4 + (p = 0.01, rho = 0.72) T-cell counts in 'On-treatment' biopsies were associated with decreased residual tumour content post-1 cycle of treatment; the latter being significantly associated with increased likelihood of subsequent pCR (p < 0.01). Conclusions The immune system may be ‘primed’ prior to neoadjuvant treatment in those patients who subsequently achieve a pCR. In those patients who achieve a pCR, their immune response may return to baseline after only 1 cycle of treatment. However, in those who did not achieve a pCR, neo-adjuvant treatment may stimulate lymphocyte influx into the tumour. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10549-021-06244-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A J Eustace
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - S F Madden
- Data Science Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J Fay
- Department of Histopathology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D M Collins
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - E W Kay
- Department of Histopathology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - K M Sheehan
- Department of Histopathology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Furney
- Department of Physiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - B Moran
- Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Fagan
- Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P G Morris
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - A D Hill
- Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - L Grogan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J M Walshe
- Department of Medical Oncology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - O Breathnach
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Power
- Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D Duke
- Department of Radiology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - K Egan
- Cancer Clinical Trials and Research Unit, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - W M Gallagher
- Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - N O'Donovan
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J Crown
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.,Cancer Trials Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Toomey
- Medical Oncology Group, Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - B T Hennessy
- Cancer Trials Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Medical Oncology Group, Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Keelan S, Sorensen J, Downey E, Hegarty A, Nelson T, Duke D, Power C, Hill A. O30: EVALUATION OF AXILLARY LYMPH NODE METASTATIC BURDEN BY PREOPERATIVE ULTRASOUND. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab117.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is the gold standard for determining axillary nodal status. There is growing interest in using preoperative axillary ultrasound (AUS) as a non-invasive means of assessing the axilla. However, AUS has limited sensitivity and is subject to operator dependency. This study aimed to quantify axillary nodal burden in preoperative AUS.
Method
This retrospective study used an institutional database of all primary invasive breast carcinomas from 2006–2019. Those with pathologically proven axillary metastatic disease were included. Patients were considered in two groups, low nodal burden/LNB(1-2LN) and high nodal burden/HNB(≥3LN) based on total positive lymph node count(SLNB+ALND). Preoperative AUS reports were assessed to determine those suspicious for axillary metastasis.
Result
Of the 347 patients (n=349 axillae), 77.9% had LNB and 22.1% had HNB. In patients with LNB, 228(83.8%) had a normal AUS versus 44(16.2%) suspicious AUS. In those with HNB 60(77.9%) had normal AUS findings versus 17(22.1%) suspicious findings. On multivariate analysis Nottingham Grade-3 was associated with suspicious AUS findings (p=0.02). However, receptor status, SLN macro-metastasis and extra-nodal extension were not associated with abnormal AUS.
Conclusion
As the surgical approach to the axilla becomes increasingly conservative, detection of axillary involvement by non-invasive means is an area of increasing research. In this cohort, AUS did not reliably identify patients with axillary metastasis. These results highlight the challenges in accurately assessing the axilla using preoperative AUS, which may result in axillary undertreatment if used as an alternative to surgical staging.
Take-home message
As the surgical approach to the axilla becomes increasingly conservative, detection of axillary involvement by non-invasive means is an area of increasing research. This study highlights the challenges in accurately assessing the axilla using preoperative AUS, which may result in axillary undertreatment if used as an alternative to surgical staging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Keelan
- Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Department of Surgery, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin, D02 YN77
| | - J Sorensen
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Department of Surgery, Healthcare Outcomes Research Centre (HORC), Beaux Lane House, Mercer Street Lower, Dublin 2
| | - E Downey
- Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Department of Surgery, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin, D02 YN77
| | - A Hegarty
- Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Department of Surgery, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin, D02 YN77
| | - T Nelson
- Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Department of Surgery, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin, D02 YN77
| | - D Duke
- Beaumont Hospital P.O. Box 1297, Beaumont Road, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - C Power
- Beaumont Hospital P.O. Box 1297, Beaumont Road, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - A Hill
- Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Department of Surgery, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin, D02 YN77
- Beaumont Hospital P.O. Box 1297, Beaumont Road, Dublin 9, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Patel PG, Keen P, McManus H, Duck T, Callander D, Selvey C, Power C, Gray RT, Knight V, Asselin J, Read P, Johnson K, Bavinton BR, Bowden VJ, Grulich AE, Guy R. Increased targeted HIV testing and reduced undiagnosed HIV infections among gay and bisexual men. HIV Med 2021; 22:605-616. [PMID: 33876526 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.13102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the impact of government HIV strategies that aimed to increase HIV testing uptake and frequency among gay and bisexual men (GBM) in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. DESIGN We analysed HIV testing data from existing passive and sentinel surveillance systems between 2010 and 2018. METHODS Six indicators were measured: (1) state-wide total HIV laboratory tests; (2) number of GBM attending publicly-funded clinics; (3) 12-monthly testing uptake; (4) annual testing frequency; (5) HIV testing with a STI diagnosis; and (6) HIV positivity. Mathematical modelling was used to estimate (7) the proportion of men with undiagnosed HIV. Indicators were stratified by Australian vs. overseas-born. RESULTS Overall, 43,560 GBM attended participating clinics (22,662 Australian-born, 20,834 overseas-born) from 2010-2018. Attendees increased from 5,186 in 2010 to 16,507 in 2018. There were increasing trends (p<0.001 for all) in testing uptake (83.9% to 95.1%); testing with a STI diagnosis (68.7% to 94.0%); annual HIV testing frequency (1.4 to 2.7); and a decreasing trend (p<0.01) in HIV positivity (1.7% to 0.9%).Increases in testing were similar in Australian-born and overseas-born GBM. However, there were decreasing trends in the estimated undiagnosed HIV proportion overall (9.5% to 7.7%) and in Australian-born GBM (7.1% to 2.8%), but an increasing trend in overseas-born GBM (15.3% to 16.9%) (p<0.001 for all).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P G Patel
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - P Keen
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - H McManus
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - T Duck
- New South Wales Ministry of Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - D Callander
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,New York University Spatial Epidemiology Lab, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Selvey
- Health Protection NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - C Power
- New South Wales Ministry of Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - R T Gray
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - V Knight
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Sexual Health Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J Asselin
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, NSW, Australia
| | - P Read
- Kirketon Road Centre, Kings Cross, NSW, Australia
| | | | - B R Bavinton
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - V J Bowden
- Health Protection NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - A E Grulich
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - R Guy
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cheng C, Gomez D, McCombe JA, Smyth P, Giuliani F, Blevins G, Baker GB, Power C. Disability progression in multiple sclerosis is associated with plasma neuroactive steroid profile. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:5241-5247. [PMID: 33829329 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05203-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroactive steroids (NASs) exert multiple biological effects on development and inflammation. The effects of NASs on disease progression in multiple sclerosis (MS) are uncertain, prompting analyses of NAS profiles during the transition from clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) to relapsing-remitting (RR) MS. METHODS Subjects with CIS or RRMS and healthy controls (HCs) were recruited; demographic and clinical data as well as disability scores measured by the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) were recorded. Matched plasma NAS and amino acid (AA) concentrations were measured. RESULTS HC (n = 17), CIS (n = 31), and RRMS (n = 33) groups showed similar ages and sex distribution although disability scores were higher in the RRMS group. The conversion rate of CIS to RRMS group was 51.6% (n = 16) during a mean follow-up period of 1.85 years. The RRMS group showed significantly higher mean allopregnanolone, aspartate, and taurine concentrations with lower epiallopregnanolone concentrations than CIS patients, and higher L-serine-O-phosphate and lower alanine, arginine, and glutamine concentrations than the HC group. Among CIS and RRMS groups, multivariate hierarchical regressions revealed that higher concentrations of plasma tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone (THDOC) may predict disability worsening. CONCLUSIONS RRMS and CIS patients exhibited differing concentrations of both NASs and AAs in plasma while both THDOC and pregnanolone might serve as biomarkers of disability worsening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - D Gomez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - J A McCombe
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), HMRC 6-11, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - P Smyth
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), HMRC 6-11, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - F Giuliani
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), HMRC 6-11, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - G Blevins
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), HMRC 6-11, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - G B Baker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - C Power
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. .,Department of Medicine (Neurology), HMRC 6-11, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Quinn CM, Porwal M, Meagher NS, Hettiaratchi A, Power C, Jonnaggadala J, McCullough S, Macmillan S, Tang K, Liauw W, Goldstein D, Zeps N, Crowe PJ. Moving with the Times: The Health Science Alliance (HSA) Biobank, Pathway to Sustainability. Biomark Insights 2021; 16:11772719211005745. [PMID: 35173407 PMCID: PMC8842439 DOI: 10.1177/11772719211005745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human biobanks are recognised as vital components of translational research infrastructure. With the growth in personalised and precision medicine, and the associated expansion of biomarkers and novel therapeutics under development, it is critical that researchers can access a strong collection of patient biospecimens, annotated with clinical data. Biobanks globally are undertaking transformation of their operating models in response to changing research needs; transition from a ‘classic’ model representing a largely retrospective collection of pre-defined specimens to a more targeted, prospective collection model, although there remains a research need for both models to co-exist. Here we introduce the Health Science Alliance (HSA) Biobank, established in 2012 as a classic biobank, now transitioning to a hybrid operational model. Some of the past and current challenges encountered are discussed including clinical annotation, specimen utilisation and biobank sustainability, along with the measures the HSA Biobank is taking to address these challenges. We describe new directions being explored, going beyond traditional specimen collection into areas involving bioimages, microbiota and live cell culture. The HSA Biobank is working in collaboration with clinicians, pathologists and researchers, piloting a sustainable, robust platform with the potential to integrate future needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmel M Quinn
- Translational Cancer Research Network (TCRN), UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | - Mamta Porwal
- Translational Cancer Research Network (TCRN), UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicola S Meagher
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Australia
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anusha Hettiaratchi
- UNSW Biorepository, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | - Carl Power
- Biological Resources Imaging Laboratory, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | - Jitendra Jonnaggadala
- Translational Cancer Research Network (TCRN), UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Australia
- School of Population Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Stephanie Macmillan
- Translational Cancer Research Network (TCRN), UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | - Katrina Tang
- NSW Health Pathology, South-East Sydney Local Health District, NSW, Australia
| | - Winston Liauw
- Cancer Care Clinic, St George Hospital, NSW, Australia
| | - David Goldstein
- Translational Cancer Research Network (TCRN), UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Nikolajs Zeps
- Epworth Healthcare, VIC, Australia
- Eastern Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Philip J Crowe
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
|
26
|
O'Brien MMC, Hannigan O, Power C, Lawlor B, Robinson D. Family members' attitudes towards telling the patient with Alzheimer's disease their diagnosis: a 20-year repeat study. Eur Geriatr Med 2021; 12:881-885. [PMID: 33609267 DOI: 10.1007/s41999-021-00464-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exploring family members' attitudes to an Alzheimer's disease diagnosis compared to that of a study 20 years prior by Maguire et al. (BMJ 313:529-530, 1996). METHODS The survey was a replica of that completed 20 years prior in the same department by Maguire et al. (BMJ 313:529-530, 1996). With ethics approval and consent, family members were surveyed regarding their attitudes towards a dementia diagnosis. Completed by doctors with 100 consecutive respondents accompanying patients to scheduled memory clinic appointments. Themes were generated, results compiled and compared to the previous study. RESULTS Respondents are now over four times more likely to favour disclosure over non-disclosure to a patient (chi-squared 68.142, p < 0.0001). A substantial decrease is evident in those listing fear of evoking a negative reaction. Accordingly, there is an increase in those referring to the benefits of disclosure. CONCLUSION The emerged theme was that of autonomy versus paternalism, with attitude shift reflecting that patient privacy is an established patient right, taking precedence over paternalistic preferences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M M C O'Brien
- Memory Clinic, Mercer's Institute for Research on Ageing, St. James's Hospital, James's Street, Dublin 8., Dublin, Ireland.
| | - O Hannigan
- Memory Clinic, Mercer's Institute for Research on Ageing, St. James's Hospital, James's Street, Dublin 8., Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Power
- Memory Clinic, Mercer's Institute for Research on Ageing, St. James's Hospital, James's Street, Dublin 8., Dublin, Ireland
| | - B Lawlor
- Mercer's Institute for Research on Ageing, St. James's Hospital, James's Street, Dublin 8., Dublin, Ireland
| | - D Robinson
- Mercer's Institute for Research on Ageing, St. James's Hospital, James's Street, Dublin 8., Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Christiansen C, Castillo-Fernandez JE, Domingo-Relloso A, Zhao W, El-Sayed Moustafa JS, Tsai PC, Maddock J, Haack K, Cole SA, Kardia SLR, Molokhia M, Suderman M, Power C, Relton C, Wong A, Kuh D, Goodman A, Small KS, Smith JA, Tellez-Plaza M, Navas-Acien A, Ploubidis GB, Hardy R, Bell JT. Novel DNA methylation signatures of tobacco smoking with trans-ethnic effects. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:36. [PMID: 33593402 PMCID: PMC7888173 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01018-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking remains one of the leading preventable causes of death. Smoking leaves a strong signature on the blood methylome as shown in multiple studies using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. Here, we explore novel blood methylation smoking signals on the Illumina MethylationEPIC BeadChip (EPIC) array, which also targets novel CpG-sites in enhancers. METHOD A smoking-methylation meta-analysis was carried out using EPIC DNA methylation profiles in 1407 blood samples from four UK population-based cohorts, including the MRC National Survey for Health and Development (NSHD) or 1946 British birth cohort, the National Child Development Study (NCDS) or 1958 birth cohort, the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70), and the TwinsUK cohort (TwinsUK). The overall discovery sample included 269 current, 497 former, and 643 never smokers. Replication was pursued in 3425 trans-ethnic samples, including 2325 American Indian individuals participating in the Strong Heart Study (SHS) in 1989-1991 and 1100 African-American participants in the Genetic Epidemiology Network of Arteriopathy Study (GENOA). RESULTS Altogether 952 CpG-sites in 500 genes were differentially methylated between smokers and never smokers after Bonferroni correction. There were 526 novel smoking-associated CpG-sites only profiled by the EPIC array, of which 486 (92%) replicated in a meta-analysis of the American Indian and African-American samples. Novel CpG sites mapped both to genes containing previously identified smoking-methylation signals and to 80 novel genes not previously linked to smoking, with the strongest novel signal in SLAMF7. Comparison of former versus never smokers identified that 37 of these sites were persistently differentially methylated after cessation, where 16 represented novel signals only profiled by the EPIC array. We observed a depletion of smoking-associated signals in CpG islands and an enrichment in enhancer regions, consistent with previous results. CONCLUSION This study identified novel smoking-associated signals as possible biomarkers of exposure to smoking and may help improve our understanding of smoking-related disease risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Christiansen
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - A Domingo-Relloso
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, USA
- Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Statistics and Operative Research, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - W Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - J S El-Sayed Moustafa
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - P-C Tsai
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Genomic Medicine Research Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - J Maddock
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - K Haack
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, USA
| | - S A Cole
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, USA
| | - S L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - M Molokhia
- School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M Suderman
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - C Power
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - C Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - A Wong
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - D Kuh
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - A Goodman
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, UCL Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - K S Small
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - M Tellez-Plaza
- Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, USA
| | - G B Ploubidis
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, UCL Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - R Hardy
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - J T Bell
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yeola A, Subramanian S, Oliver RA, Lucas CA, Thoms JAI, Yan F, Olivier J, Chacon D, Tursky ML, Srivastava P, Potas JR, Hung T, Power C, Hardy P, Ma DD, Kilian KA, McCarroll J, Kavallaris M, Hesson LB, Beck D, Curtis DJ, Wong JWH, Hardeman EC, Walsh WR, Mobbs R, Chandrakanthan V, Pimanda JE. Induction of muscle-regenerative multipotent stem cells from human adipocytes by PDGF-AB and 5-azacytidine. Sci Adv 2021; 7:7/3/eabd1929. [PMID: 33523875 PMCID: PMC7806226 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd1929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Terminally differentiated murine osteocytes and adipocytes can be reprogrammed using platelet-derived growth factor-AB and 5-azacytidine into multipotent stem cells with stromal cell characteristics. We have now optimized culture conditions to reprogram human adipocytes into induced multipotent stem (iMS) cells and characterized their molecular and functional properties. Although the basal transcriptomes of adipocyte-derived iMS cells and adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells were similar, there were changes in histone modifications and CpG methylation at cis-regulatory regions consistent with an epigenetic landscape that was primed for tissue development and differentiation. In a non-specific tissue injury xenograft model, iMS cells contributed directly to muscle, bone, cartilage, and blood vessels, with no evidence of teratogenic potential. In a cardiotoxin muscle injury model, iMS cells contributed specifically to satellite cells and myofibers without ectopic tissue formation. Together, human adipocyte-derived iMS cells regenerate tissues in a context-dependent manner without ectopic or neoplastic growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avani Yeola
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Shruthi Subramanian
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Rema A Oliver
- Surgical and Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Christine A Lucas
- Cellular and Genetic Medicine Unit, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Julie A I Thoms
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Feng Yan
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jake Olivier
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Diego Chacon
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Melinda L Tursky
- St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney and St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Pallavi Srivastava
- School of Material Sciences and Engineering, School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jason R Potas
- Translational Neuroscience Facility, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Tzongtyng Hung
- Biological Resources Imaging Laboratory, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Carl Power
- Biological Resources Imaging Laboratory, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | | | - David D Ma
- St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney and St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Kristopher A Kilian
- School of Material Sciences and Engineering, School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Joshua McCarroll
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria Kavallaris
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Luke B Hesson
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Dominik Beck
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - David J Curtis
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jason W H Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Edna C Hardeman
- Cellular and Genetic Medicine Unit, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - William R Walsh
- Surgical and Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ralph Mobbs
- Surgical and Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Vashe Chandrakanthan
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - John E Pimanda
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Power C, Williams C, Brown A. Does childbirth experience affect infant behaviour? Exploring the perceptions of maternity care providers. Midwifery 2019; 78:131-139. [PMID: 31437757 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2019.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High levels of childbirth interventions are known to increase risk of health complications for mother and infant, alongside having a negative impact upon maternal wellbeing. However less is understood about how childbirth experience may affect infant behaviour (e.g. how calm or unsettled an infant is). This study explores maternity care provider perceptions of how and why childbirth experience may affect infant behaviour. DESIGN A qualitative semi-structured interview study. SETTING Bristol, Swansea and West Wales, UK. PARTICIPANTS 18 maternity care providers. MEASUREMENTS AND FINDINGS A semi-structured interview schedule was developed to explore maternity care providers' perceptions of how maternal experience of childbirth could influence infant behaviour. Findings highlighted how maternity care providers perceived childbirth experience to sometimes impact positively or negatively on infant behaviour. A calmer birth and postnatal experience was believed to lead to a calmer infant, whilst physical and emotional stress was associated with more challenging infant behaviours such as crying and being unsettled. Pathways were perceived to be direct (pain and stress during birth might physiologically affect the infant) and indirect (birth was perceived to affect maternal wellbeing and subsequently her interactions with her baby). However, postnatal factors such as skin to skin, postnatal environment and emotional support were believed to mediate these impacts. KEY CONCLUSIONS Birth experience was considered to affect infant behaviour. Promoting as positive a birth experience as possible, including postnatal care, was viewed as significant in supporting positive infant behaviours. Maternity care providers believed this could help facilitate bonding, attachment, and mother-infant wellbeing in the postnatal period. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The findings highlight maternity care providers' views concerning supporting normal birth and protecting emotional wellbeing during birth and postnatally. Where interventions are necessary, ensuring a calm environment, and enabling normal postnatal behaviours such as skin to skin and breastfeeding were perceived as important. Midwives, it was claimed, need time to nurture mothers alongside providing physical care. LIMITATIONS Participants were self-selecting and might therefore have been biased.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Power
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Social Sciences, Swansea University, Wales, UK
| | - C Williams
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Wales, UK
| | - A Brown
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Social Sciences, Swansea University, Wales, UK; Centre for Lactation, Infant Feeding and Translation (LIFT), Swansea University, Wales, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Balcom EF, Roda WC, Cohen EA, Li MY, Power C. HIV-1 persistence in the central nervous system: viral and host determinants during antiretroviral therapy. Curr Opin Virol 2019; 38:54-62. [PMID: 31390580 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite remarkable therapeutic advances in the past two decades, the elimination of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) from latent reservoirs constitutes a major barrier to eradication and preventing neurological disease associated with HIV/AIDS. Invasion of the central nervous system (CNS) by HIV-1 occurs early in infection, leading to viral infection and productive persistence in brain macrophage-like cells (BMCs) including resident microglia and infiltrating macrophages. HIV-1 persistence in the brain and chronic neuroinflammation occur despite effective treatment with antiretroviral therapy (ART). This review examines the evidence from clinical studies, in vivo and in vitro models for HIV-1 CNS persistence, as well as therapeutic considerations in targeting latent CNS reservoirs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E F Balcom
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - W C Roda
- Department of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - E A Cohen
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal Clinical Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - M Y Li
- Department of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - C Power
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Li L, Pinto Pereira SM, Power C. Childhood maltreatments, child-to-adult BMI and cardiometabolic disease risk in mid-adulthood. Eur J Public Health 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky213.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L Li
- University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - SM Pinto Pereira
- University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - C Power
- University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Rashid I, Maghzal GJ, Chen YC, Cheng D, Talib J, Newington D, Ren M, Vajandar SK, Searle A, Maluenda A, Lindstedt EL, Jabbour A, Kettle AJ, Bongers A, Power C, Michaëlsson E, Peter K, Stocker R. Myeloperoxidase is a potential molecular imaging and therapeutic target for the identification and stabilization of high-risk atherosclerotic plaque. Eur Heart J 2018; 39:3301-3310. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Imran Rashid
- Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Lowy Packer Building, 405 Liverpool Street, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia
| | - Ghassan J Maghzal
- Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Lowy Packer Building, 405 Liverpool Street, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales Medicine, NSW, Australia
| | - Yung-Chih Chen
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Cheng
- Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Lowy Packer Building, 405 Liverpool Street, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia
| | - Jihan Talib
- Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Lowy Packer Building, 405 Liverpool Street, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia
| | - Darren Newington
- Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Lowy Packer Building, 405 Liverpool Street, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia
| | - Minqin Ren
- Department of Physics, Centre for Ion Beam Applications, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Saumitra K Vajandar
- Department of Physics, Centre for Ion Beam Applications, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amy Searle
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ana Maluenda
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Eva-Lotte Lindstedt
- Bioscience Heart Failure, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrew Jabbour
- Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Lowy Packer Building, 405 Liverpool Street, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, 390 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia
| | - Antony J Kettle
- Centre for Free Radical Research, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Andre Bongers
- Biological Resources Imaging Laboratory, University of New South Wales, High Street, Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Carl Power
- Biological Resources Imaging Laboratory, University of New South Wales, High Street, Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Erik Michaëlsson
- Bioscience Heart Failure, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Roland Stocker
- Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Lowy Packer Building, 405 Liverpool Street, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales Medicine, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Nüesch E, Dale C, Palmer TM, White J, Keating BJ, van Iperen EP, Goel A, Padmanabhan S, Asselbergs FW, Verschuren WM, Wijmenga C, Van der Schouw YT, Onland-Moret NC, Lange LA, Hovingh GK, Sivapalaratnam S, Morris RW, Whincup PH, Wannamethe GS, Gaunt TR, Ebrahim S, Steel L, Nair N, Reiner AP, Kooperberg C, Wilson JF, Bolton JL, McLachlan S, Price JF, Strachan MW, Robertson CM, Kleber ME, Delgado G, März W, Melander O, Dominiczak AF, Farrall M, Watkins H, Leusink M, Maitland-van der Zee AH, de Groot MC, Dudbridge F, Hingorani A, Ben-Shlomo Y, Lawlor DA, Amuzu A, Caufield M, Cavadino A, Cooper J, Davies TL, Drenos F, Engmann J, Finan C, Giambartolomei C, Hardy R, Humphries SE, Hypponen E, Kivimaki M, Kuh D, Kumari M, Ong K, Plagnol V, Power C, Richards M, Shah S, Shah T, Sofat R, Talmud PJ, Wareham N, Warren H, Whittaker JC, Wong A, Zabaneh D, Davey Smith G, Wells JC, Leon DA, Holmes MV, Casas JP. Adult height, coronary heart disease and stroke: a multi-locus Mendelian randomization meta-analysis. Int J Epidemiol 2018; 45:1927-1937. [PMID: 25979724 PMCID: PMC5841831 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyv074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We investigated causal effect of completed growth, measured by adult height, on coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke and cardiovascular traits, using instrumental variable (IV) Mendelian randomization meta-analysis. Methods: We developed an allele score based on 69 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with adult height, identified by the IBCCardioChip, and used it for IV analysis against cardiovascular risk factors and events in 21 studies and 60 028 participants. IV analysis on CHD was supplemented by summary data from 180 height-SNPs from the GIANT consortium and their corresponding CHD estimates derived from CARDIoGRAMplusC4D. Results: IV estimates from IBCCardioChip and GIANT-CARDIoGRAMplusC4D showed that a 6.5-cm increase in height reduced the odds of CHD by 10% [odds ratios 0.90; 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 0.78 to 1.03 and 0.85 to 0.95, respectively],which agrees with the estimate from the Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration (hazard ratio 0.93; 95% CI: 0.91 to 0.94). IV analysis revealed no association with stroke (odds ratio 0.97; 95% CI: 0.79 to 1.19). IV analysis showed that a 6.5-cm increase in height resulted in lower levels of body mass index (P < 0.001), triglycerides (P < 0.001), non high-density (non-HDL) cholesterol (P < 0.001), C-reactive protein (P = 0.042), and systolic blood pressure (P = 0.064) and higher levels of forced expiratory volume in 1 s and forced vital capacity (P < 0.001 for both). Conclusions: Taller individuals have a lower risk of CHD with potential explanations being that taller people have a better lung function and lower levels of body mass index, cholesterol and blood pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eveline Nüesch
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,CTU Bern, Department of Clinical Research and Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Dale
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Tom M Palmer
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Jon White
- UCL Genetics Institute, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Brendan J Keating
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Surgery.,Division of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Erik Pa van Iperen
- Department of Biostatistics, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anuj Goel
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sandosh Padmanabhan
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Leslie A Lange
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - G K Hovingh
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suthesh Sivapalaratnam
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard W Morris
- Department of Primary Care & Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Peter H Whincup
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Goya S Wannamethe
- Department of Primary Care & Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tom R Gaunt
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Shah Ebrahim
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Laura Steel
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nikhil Nair
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alexander P Reiner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA / Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James F Wilson
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jennifer L Bolton
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stela McLachlan
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jacqueline F Price
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Christine M Robertson
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marcus E Kleber
- Fifth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Graciela Delgado
- Fifth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Winfried März
- Medical Clinic V (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Endocrinology, Diabetolgy, and Rheumatology), Mannheim Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Germany, Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH, Mannheim and Augsburg, Germany, Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | | | - Anna F Dominiczak
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Martin Farrall
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maarten Leusink
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology & Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anke H Maitland-van der Zee
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology & Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Ch de Groot
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology & Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Dudbridge
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Aroon Hingorani
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London Medical School, London, UK
| | - Yoav Ben-Shlomo
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Debbie A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - D Zabaneh
- UCLEB, London, Edinburgh and Bristol, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jonathan C Wells
- Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - David A Leon
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,Department of Community Medicine, Arctic University of Norway, UiT
| | - Michael V Holmes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Surgery and Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Juan P Casas
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Geoffroy MC, Gunnell D, Clark C, Power C. Are early-life antecedents of suicide mortality associated with psychiatric disorders and suicidal ideation in midlife? Acta Psychiatr Scand 2018; 137:116-124. [PMID: 29270976 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish whether previously identified early-life antecedents of suicide mortality (i.e. low birthweight, younger maternal age, higher birth order, externalizing problems and adversities) are associated with proximal psychiatric disorders and suicidal ideation, which are themselves associated with an increased risk of suicide. METHODS Participants were from the 1958 British birth-cohort (N = 8905) with information on prenatal/childhood experiences and the Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised at age 45 years. Outcomes were as follows: any internalizing disorder (anxiety disorder/depressive episode), depressive episode, alcohol use disorder and suicidal ideation. RESULTS After adjustment, higher birth order (Ptrend = 0.043), younger maternal age (Ptrend = 0.017) and increased number of childhood adversities (Ptrend = 0.026) were associated with an increased risk of internalizing disorders. For example, the OR (95% CI) in fourth- or later-born children was 1.48 (1.06-2.07) and for young maternal age (<19 years) was 1.31 (0.89-1.91). Effect sizes were similar in magnitude for depressive episode and suicidal ideation, although associations did not reach conventional significance levels. No associations were found for low birthweight and externalizing problems (in males) and investigated outcomes. CONCLUSION Associations for younger maternal age, higher birth order and adversities with adult internalizing disorders suggest that psychiatric disorders may be on the pathway linking some early-life factors and suicide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M-C Geoffroy
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - D Gunnell
- Department of Population Health Sciences and National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - C Clark
- Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - C Power
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hooks T, McCarthy O, Power C, Macken-Walsh Á. A co-operative business approach in a values-based supply chain: A case study of a beef co-operative. Journal of Co-operative Organization and Management 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcom.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
36
|
Chandrakanthan V, Kang YC, Knezevic K, Qiao Q, Oliver RA, Unnikrishnan A, Beck D, Lee B, Brownlee C, Power C, Pimanda JE. Genetic Fate Mapping of Mesenchymal Stem-Like Cells in the Aorta-Gonad Mesonephros (AGM) and Their Contribution to Definitive Hematopoiesis. Mech Dev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2017.04.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
37
|
|
38
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood adversity predicts adolescent suicidal ideation but there are few studies examining whether the risk of childhood adversity extends to suicidal ideation in midlife. We hypothesized that childhood adversity predicts midlife suicidal ideation and this is partially mediated by adolescent internalizing disorders, externalizing disorders and adult exposure to life events and interpersonal difficulties. METHOD At 45 years, 9377 women and men from the UK 1958 British Birth Cohort Study participated in a clinical survey. Childhood adversity was prospectively assessed at the ages of 7, 11 and 16 years. Suicidal ideation at midlife was assessed by the depressive ideas subscale of the Revised Clinical Interview Schedule. Internalizing and externalizing disorders were measured by the Rutter scales at 16 years. Life events, periods of unemployment, partnership separations and alcohol dependence were measured through adulthood. RESULTS Illness in the household, paternal absence, institutional care, parental divorce and retrospective reports of parental physical and sexual abuse predicted suicidal ideation at 45 years. Three or more childhood adversities were associated with suicidal ideation at 45 years [odds ratio (OR) 4.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.67-6.94]. Psychological distress at 16 years partially mediated the associations of physical abuse (OR 3.41, 95% CI 2.29-5.75), sexual abuse (OR 4.99, 95% CI 2.90-11.16) with suicidal ideation. Adult life events partially mediated the association of parental divorce (OR 6.34, 95% CI -7.16 to 36.75) and physical (OR 9.59, 95% CI 4.97-27.88) and sexual abuse (OR 6.59, 95% CI 2.40-38.36) with suicidal ideation at 45 years. CONCLUSIONS Adversity in childhood predicts suicidal ideation in midlife, partially mediated by adolescent internalizing and externalizing disorders, adult life events and interpersonal difficulties. Understanding the pathways from adversity to suicidal ideation can inform suicide prevention and the targeting of preventive interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. A. Stansfeld
- Centre for Psychiatry,
Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and the
London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of
London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - C. Clark
- Centre for Psychiatry,
Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and the
London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of
London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - M. Smuk
- Centre for Psychiatry,
Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and the
London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of
London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - C. Power
- Population, Policy and
Practice, University College London,
Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford
Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - T. Davidson
- Centre for Gambling Research,
School of Sociology, Beryl Rawson Building,
The Australian National University,
Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - B. Rodgers
- School of Demography, The
Australian National University, Acton, ACT
2601, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Branton WG, Lu JQ, Surette MG, Holt RA, Lind J, Laman JD, Power C. Brain microbiota disruption within inflammatory demyelinating lesions in multiple sclerosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37344. [PMID: 27892518 PMCID: PMC5125007 DOI: 10.1038/srep37344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities reside in healthy tissues but are often disrupted during disease. Bacterial genomes and proteins are detected in brains from humans, nonhuman primates, rodents and other species in the absence of neurological disease. We investigated the composition and abundance of microbiota in frozen and fixed autopsied brain samples from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and age- and sex-matched nonMS patients as controls, using neuropathological, molecular and bioinformatics tools. 16s rRNA sequencing revealed Proteobacteria to be the dominant phylum with restricted diversity in cerebral white matter (WM) from MS compared to nonMS patients. Both clinical groups displayed 1,200–1,400 bacterial genomes/cm3 and low bacterial rRNA:rDNA ratios in WM. RNAseq analyses showed a predominance of Proteobacteria in progressive MS patients’ WM, associated with increased inflammatory gene expression, relative to a broader range of bacterial phyla in relapsing-remitting MS patients’ WM. Although bacterial peptidoglycan (PGN) and RNA polymerase beta subunit immunoreactivities were observed in all patients, PGN immunodetection was correlated with demyelination and neuroinflammation in MS brains. Principal component analysis revealed that demyelination, PGN and inflammatory gene expression accounted for 86% of the observed variance. Thus, inflammatory demyelination is linked to an organ-specific dysbiosis in MS that could contribute to underlying disease mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W G Branton
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine &Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB Canada
| | - J Q Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine &Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB Canada
| | - M G Surette
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton ON Canada
| | - R A Holt
- Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver BC, Canada
| | - J Lind
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen Netherlands
| | - J D Laman
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB Canada
| | - C Power
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine &Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Section of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Pinto Pereira SM, Li L, Power C. Child maltreatment and living standards in mid-adulthood: findings from the 1958 British birth cohort. Eur J Public Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw172.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
41
|
Pinto Pereira SM, Li L, Power C. OP04 Associations between child maltreatment and mid-adulthood labour market participation, living standards and social mobility: findings from a British birth cohort. Br J Soc Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2016-208064.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
42
|
Mackey LM, Blake C, Power C, Casey MB, Hearty C, Victory R, Fullen BM. Abstract PR326. Anesth Analg 2016. [DOI: 10.1213/01.ane.0000492722.73851.fd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
43
|
Li L, Pinto Pereira S, Power C. P32 Childhood maltreatment and biomarkers for cardiometabolic disease in mid-adulthood: associations and potential explanations. Br J Soc Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2016-208064.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
44
|
Skirka S, Power C, Nadeem M, Greally P. Which Factors are Important in Determining the Length of Stay in Bronchiolitis? Ir Med J 2016; 109:379. [PMID: 27685826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
|
45
|
Power C, Bates H, Healy M, Gleeson P, Greene E. Cognitive screening in the acute hospital: Preliminary findings from a cognitive screening program in a university-affiliated, tertiary-referral hospital with 6-month interval outcomes. Eur Psychiatry 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionCognitive impairment impacts on patient outcomes [1] but is under-recognised in acute hospitals [2]. Data on rates and degree of impairment among hospital inpatients remain sparse. This information is vital for strategic planning of health services as the European population ages.ObjectivesTo examine the rates and degree of cognitive impairment among patients aged 65 and older who were admitted to an acute general hospital and to assess its impact on patient outcomes.MethodsAll patients aged over 65 who were admitted over a 2-week period were invited to participate. Those who met the inclusion criteria were screened for delirium then underwent a cognitive screening battery. Normative values for age and level of education were obtained from the TILDA study [3]. Demographic and outcome data were obtained from medical records.ResultsOne hundred and forty-eight patients underwent cognitive screening. Thirty-nine over 148 (26%) met the DSM-IV criteria for dementia of whom only 16 (41%) had a previously-documented impairment. Thirty over 148 (20%) had evidence of cognitive impairment that did not meet criteria for dementia, only 3 (10%) of whom were previously documented. Seventy-three over 148 (49%) were normal. Six over 148 (4%) were not classifiable. The impact of cognitive status on length of hospital stay, number of readmissions in 6 months and discharge destination was investigated. Impact on length of stay was significant (P = 0.017) but significance was not achieved against number of readmissions or discharge destination.ConclusionsCognitive impairment is pervasive and under-recognised in the acute hospital and impacts on length of hospital stay. Longer interval analysis is necessary to investigate further implications.References 1–3 available upon request.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Collapse
|
46
|
Norddin N, Power C, Watson G, Cowin G, Kurniawan ND, Gluch L, Bourne RM. Microscopic diffusion properties of fixed breast tissue: Preliminary findings. Magn Reson Med 2014; 74:1733-9. [PMID: 25522006 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the microscopic diffusion properties of formalin-fixed breast tissue. METHODS Diffusion microimaging was performed at 16.4T with 40-μm isotropic voxels on two normal and two cancer tissue samples from four patients. Results were correlated with histology of the samples. RESULTS Diffusion-weighted images and mean diffusivity maps demonstrated distinct diffusivity differences between breast tissue components. Mean diffusivity (MD) in normal tissue was 0.59 ± 0.24 μm(2) /ms for gland lobule (voxels containing epithelium and intralobular stroma) and 1.23 ± 0.34 μm(2) /ms for interlobular fibrous stroma. In the cancer samples, MD = 0.45 ± 0.23 μm(2) /ms for invasive ductal carcinoma (voxels contain epithelium and intralobular stroma) and 0.61 ± 0.35 μm(2) /ms for ductal carcinoma in situ. There were significant MD differences between all tissue components (P < 0.005), except between gland lobule and ductal carcinoma in situ (P = 0.71). The low diffusivity of epithelium-rich cancer tissue and of normal epithelium relative to its supporting fibrous stroma was similar to that reported for prostate tissue and the esophageal wall. CONCLUSION Diffusion microimaging demonstrates distinct diffusivity differences between breast tissue glandular structures. Low diffusivity may be a distinctive feature of mammalian epithelia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narina Norddin
- Discipline of Medical Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carl Power
- Biological Resources Imaging Laboratory, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Watson
- Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gary Cowin
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nyoman D Kurniawan
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Laurence Gluch
- The Strathfield Breast Centre, Strathfield, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Roger M Bourne
- Discipline of Medical Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Maddock J, Cavadino A, Power C, Hyppönen E. 25-hydroxyvitamin D, APOE ɛ4 genotype and cognitive function: findings from the 1958 British birth cohort. Eur J Clin Nutr 2014; 69:505-8. [PMID: 25293430 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Both high and low vitamin D statuses have been associated with lower memory function. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 alleles have been associated with reduced memory function, and separately with higher vitamin D concentrations. This report aims to examine if the presence of APOE ɛ4 alleles contributes to the relationship between vitamin D and memory function. A total of 4848 (46% female) participants from the 1958 British birth cohort had information on APOE genotypes and completed memory tests at 50 years, where 4644 also had 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations measured at 45 years. Both low and high 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with lower memory function after adjustment for number of APOE ɛ4 alleles (P curvature=0.02). There was evidence of interaction between APOE ɛ4 and 25(OH)D, suggesting the association between 25(OH)D concentrations and memory function is different for those with two APOE ɛ4 alleles compared with those with zero or one APOE ɛ4 alleles (recessive model P interaction=0.01). Among participants with two APOE ɛ4 alleles, higher 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with higher memory function, whereas in others, memory scores were slightly lower for individuals with higher versus lower concentrations. Further studies are required to replicate these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Maddock
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - A Cavadino
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - C Power
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - E Hyppönen
- 1] Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK [2] School of Population Health, Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND An unhealthy body mass index (BMI) has been associated with depression but the direction of association is uncertain. Our aim was to estimate the co-morbidity and direction of association between BMI and depressive symptoms at several ages, from childhood to mid-adulthood. METHOD The data were from 18,558 individuals born in 1 week in March 1958, in England, Scotland and Wales, with follow-up at ages 7, 11, 16, 23, 33, 42, 45 and 50 years. Depression (scores>or=90th percentile) was identified from child/adolescent (teacher questionnaires) and adult (self-complete questionnaires and clinical interview) measures. BMI (kg/m2) measured in child/adolescence and adulthood was classified as underweight, normal, overweight or obese. RESULTS In cross-sectional analyses, obesity and underweight (not overweight) from 11 to 45 years were associated respectively with 1.3-2.1 and 1.5-2.3 times the risk of depression compared with normal weight. Using the time-lagged generalized estimating equation (GEE) approach, we tested (a) whether underweight or obesity at prior ages (7 to 45 years) predicted subsequent risk of depression (11 to 50 years), adjusting for baseline depression; and (b) whether depression at prior ages (7 to 42 years) predicted subsequent risk of underweight or obesity (11 to 45 years), adjusting for baseline BMI. In longitudinal analyses, underweight predicted subsequent depression in both sexes [odds ratio (OR) 1.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11-1.40] and depression predicted subsequent underweight in males only (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.52-2.23). Obesity predicted subsequent depressive symptoms in females only (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.14-1.56), but depression did not predict obesity. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians should consider screening routinely for depression patients with unhealthy BMI, namely underweight and obesity, and vice versa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M-C Geoffroy
- Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCL Institute of Child Health,University College London,UK
| | - L Li
- Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCL Institute of Child Health,University College London,UK
| | - C Power
- Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCL Institute of Child Health,University College London,UK
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Pinto Pereira SM, Li L, Power C. PP73 Childhood influences on adult (33–50y) physical inactivity in the 1958 British birth cohort. Br J Soc Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2014-204726.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
50
|
van Veldhoven K, Pinto Pereira S, Li L, Power C. PP69 Multiple risk behaviours and adult body mass index in the 1958 British birth cohort. Br J Soc Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2014-204726.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|