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Li S, Wan J, Peng Z, Huang Q, He B. New insights of DsbA-L in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-04964-8. [PMID: 38430301 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-04964-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), are abnormal conditions that result from disturbances of metabolism. With the improvement of living conditions, the morbidity and mortality rates of metabolic diseases are steadily rising, posing a significant threat to human health worldwide. Therefore, identifying novel effective targets for metabolic diseases is crucial. Accumulating evidence has indicated that disulfide bond A oxidoreductase-like protein (DsbA-L) delays the development of metabolic diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms of DsbA-L in metabolic diseases remain unclear. In this review, we will discuss the roles of DsbA-L in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, including obesity, diabetes mellitus, and NAFLD, and highlight the potential mechanisms. These findings suggest that DsbA-L might provide a novel therapeutic strategy for metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Li
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jinfa Wan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhenyu Peng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
- Emergency Medicine and Difficult Diseases Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Qiong Huang
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Baimei He
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
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2
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Yu H, Gao X, Ge Q, Tai W, Hao X, Shao Q, Fang Z, Chen M, Song Y, Gao W, Liu G, Du X, Li X. Tumor necrosis factor-α reduces adiponectin production by decreasing transcriptional activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ in calf adipocytes. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:5182-5195. [PMID: 37268580 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin (encoded by ADIPOQ) is an adipokine that orchestrates energy homeostasis by modulating glucose and fatty acid metabolism in peripheral tissues. During the periparturient period, dairy cows often develop adipose tissue inflammation and decreased plasma adiponectin levels. Proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) plays a pivotal role in regulating the endocrine functions of adipocytes, but whether it affects adiponectin production in calf adipocytes remains obscure. Thus, the present study aimed to determine whether TNF-α could affect adiponectin production in calf adipocytes and to identify the underlying mechanism. Adipocytes isolated from Holstein calves were differentiated and used for (1) BODIPY493/503 staining; (2) treatment with 0.1 ng/mL TNF-α for different times (0, 8, 16, 24, or 48 h); (3) transfection with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARG) small interfering RNA for 48 h followed by treatment with or without 0.1 ng/mL TNF-α for 24 h; and (4) overexpression of PPARG for 48 h followed by treatment with or without 0.1 ng/mL TNF-α for 24 h. After differentiation, obvious lipid droplets and secretion of adiponectin were observed in adipocytes. Treatment with TNF-α did not alter mRNA abundance of ADIPOQ but reduced the total and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin content in the supernatant of adipocytes. Quantification of mRNA abundance of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)/Golgi resident chaperones involved in adiponectin assembly revealed that ER protein 44 (ERP44), ER oxidoreductase 1α (ERO1A), and disulfide bond-forming oxidoreductase A-like protein (GSTK1) were downregulated in TNF-α-treated adipocytes, while 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein and Golgi-localizing γ-adaptin ear homology domain ARF binding protein-1 were unaltered. Moreover, TNF-α diminished nuclear translocation of PPARγ and downregulated mRNA abundance of PPARG and its downstream target gene fatty acid synthase, suggesting that TNF-α suppressed the transcriptional activity of PPARγ. In the absence of TNF-α, overexpression of PPARG enhanced the total and HMW adiponectin content in supernatant and upregulated the mRNA abundance of ADIPOQ, ERP44, ERO1A, and GSTK1 in adipocytes. However, knockdown of PPARG reduced the total and HMW adiponectin content in supernatant and downregulated the mRNA abundance of ADIPOQ, ERP44, ERO1A, and GSTK1 in adipocytes. In the presence of TNF-α, overexpression of PPARG decreased, while knockdown of PPARG further exacerbated TNF-α-induced reductions in total and HMW adiponectin secretion and gene expression of ERP44, ERO1A, and GSTK1. Overall, TNF-α reduces adiponectin assembly in the calf adipocyte, which may be partly mediated by attenuation of PPARγ transcriptional activity. Thus, locally elevated levels of TNF-α in adipose tissue may be one reason for the decrease in circulating adiponectin in periparturient dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Xinxing Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Qilai Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Wenjun Tai
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Xue Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Qi Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Zhiyuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Meng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Yuxiang Song
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Wenwen Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Guowen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Xiliang Du
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China.
| | - Xinwei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China.
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Bauzá-Thorbrügge M, Banke E, Chanclón B, Peris E, Wu Y, Musovic S, Jönsson C, Strålfors P, Rorsman P, Olofsson CS, Asterholm IW. Adipocyte-specific ablation of the Ca 2+ pump SERCA2 impairs whole-body metabolic function and reveals the diverse metabolic flexibility of white and brown adipose tissue. Mol Metab 2022; 63:101535. [PMID: 35760318 PMCID: PMC9287368 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) transports Ca2+ from the cytosol into the ER and is essential for appropriate regulation of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that SERCA pumps are involved in the regulation of white adipocyte hormone secretion and other aspects of adipose tissue function and that this control is disturbed in obesity-induced type-2 diabetes. METHODS SERCA expression was measured in isolated human and mouse adipocytes as well as in whole mouse adipose tissue by Western blot and RT-qPCR. To test the significance of SERCA2 in adipocyte functionality and whole-body metabolism, we generated adipocyte-specific SERCA2 knockout mice. The mice were metabolically phenotyped by glucose tolerance and tracer studies, histological analyses, measurements of glucose-stimulated insulin release in isolated islets, and gene/protein expression analyses. We also tested the effect of pharmacological SERCA inhibition and genetic SERCA2 ablation in cultured adipocytes. Intracellular and mitochondrial Ca2+ levels were recorded with dual-wavelength ratio imaging and mitochondrial function was assessed by Seahorse technology. RESULTS We demonstrate that SERCA2 is downregulated in white adipocytes from patients with obesity and type-2 diabetes as well as in adipocytes from diet-induced obese mice. SERCA2-ablated adipocytes display disturbed Ca2+ homeostasis associated with upregulated ER stress markers and impaired hormone release. These adipocyte alterations are linked to mild lipodystrophy, reduced adiponectin levels, and impaired glucose tolerance. Interestingly, adipocyte-specific SERCA2 ablation leads to increased glucose uptake in white adipose tissue while glucose uptake is reduced in brown adipose tissue. This dichotomous effect on glucose uptake is due to differently regulated mitochondrial function. In white adipocytes, SERCA2 deficiency triggers an adaptive increase in FGF21, increased mitochondrial UCP1 levels, and increased oxygen consumption rate (OCR). In contrast, brown SERCA2 null adipocytes display reduced OCR despite increased mitochondrial content and UCP1 levels compared to wild type controls. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest causal links between reduced white adipocyte SERCA2 levels, deranged adipocyte Ca2+ homeostasis, adipose tissue dysfunction and type-2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bauzá-Thorbrügge
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Elin Banke
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Belén Chanclón
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Eduard Peris
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Yanling Wu
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Saliha Musovic
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Cecilia Jönsson
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-58185 Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Peter Strålfors
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-58185 Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Patrik Rorsman
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden; Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX4 7LE, UK.
| | - Charlotta S Olofsson
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Ingrid Wernstedt Asterholm
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
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Hampe L, Harris PWR, Rushton B, Radjainia M, Brimble MA, Mitra AK. Engineering a stable complex of
ERp44
with a designed peptide ligand for analyzing the mode of interaction of
ERp44
with its clients. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Hampe
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Paul W. R. Harris
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- School of Chemical Sciences The University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Ben Rushton
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- Bernhard‐Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine Bernhard‐Nocht‐Straße 74, 20359 Hamburg Germany
| | - Mazdak Radjainia
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- Thermo Fisher Scientific Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Margaret A. Brimble
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- School of Chemical Sciences The University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Alok K. Mitra
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
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Zhou X, Li JQ, Wei LJ, He MZ, Jia J, Zhang JY, Wang SS, Feng L. Silencing of DsbA-L gene impairs the PPARγ agonist function of improving insulin resistance in a high-glucose cell model. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2020; 21:990-998. [PMID: 33843164 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2000432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Disulfide-bond A oxidoreductase-like protein (DsbA-L) is a molecular chaperone involved in the multimerization of adiponectin. Recent studies have found that DsbA-L is related to metabolic diseases including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and can be regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonists; the specific mechanism, however, is uncertain. Furthermore, the relationship between DsbA-L and the novel adipokine chemerin is also unclear. This article aims to investigate the role of DsbA-L in the improvement of insulin resistance by PPARγ agonists in trophoblast cells cultured by the high-glucose simulation of GDM placenta. Immunohistochemistry and western blot were used to detect differences between GDM patients and normal pregnant women in DsbA-L expression in the adipose tissue. The western blot technique was performed to verify the relationship between PPARγ agonists and DsbA-L, and to explore changes in key molecules of the insulin signaling pathway, as well as the effect of chemerin on DsbA-L. Results showed that DsbA-L was significantly downregulated in the adipose tissue of GDM patients. Both PPARγ agonists and chemerin could upregulate the level of DsbA-L. Silencing DsbA-L affected the function of rosiglitazone to promote the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (PKB)/AKT pathway. Therefore, it is plausible to speculate that DsbA-L is essential in the environment of PPARγ agonists for raising insulin sensitivity. Overall, we further clarified the mechanism by which PPARγ agonists improve insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jia-Qi Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Li-Jie Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Meng-Zhou He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jing Jia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jing-Yi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shao-Shuai Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ling Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Wang Y, Lian H, Wang X, Zheng T, Yu X, Chen R, Huang Z, Lv Y, Zhao A, Gao J. Characterization of the Active Components of the Multimerized sTNFRIIAdiponectin Fusion Protein Showing Both TNFα-Antagonizing and Glucose Uptake-Promoting Activities. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 20:1081-1089. [PMID: 31965947 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200121100449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sTNFRII-adiponectin fusion protein previously showed strong TNFα antagonistic activity. However, the fusion protein exists as mixture of different multimers. The aim of the present study was to characterize its active components. METHODS In this study, the fusion protein was isolated and purified by Ni-NTA affinity and gel exclusion chromatography, and further identified by Coomassie staining and western blotting. The TNFα antagonistic and glucose uptake-promoting activities were determined in vitro. The glucose detection kit and 2- NBDG (2-deoxy-2-[(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)amino]-D-glucose) were used to measure their effects on glucose metabolism (including glucose consumption and glucose uptake in HepG2 and H9C2 cells). The effect of the fusion protein on glucose uptake was also examined in free fatty acid (FFA)- induced insulin resistance cell model. RESULTS The sTNFRII-adiponectin fusion protein was found to exist in three forms: 250 kDa (hexamer), 130 kDa (trimer), and 60 kDa (monomer), with the final purity of 90.2%, 60.1%, and 81.6%, respectively. The fusion protein could effectively antagonize the killing effect of TNFα in L929 cells, and the multimer was found to be superior to the monomer. In addition, the fusion protein could increase glucose consumption without impacting the number of cells (HepG2, H9C2 cells) in a dosedependent manner. Mechanistically, glucose uptake was found to be enhanced by the translocation of GLUT4. However, it could not improve glucose uptake in the cell model of insulin resistance. CONCLUSION In summary, the active components of the fusion protein are hexamers and trimers. The hexamer and trimer of sTNFRII-adiponectin fusion protein had both TNFα-antagonizing and glucose uptake-promoting activities, although neither of them could improve glucose uptake in the cell model of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hui Lian
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xitong Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Zheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ruzhang Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinxiang Lv
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ai Zhao
- Department of Hematology Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China; 4Zhejiang Qixin Biotech, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jimin Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Lee JY, Yang JW, Han BG, Choi SO, Kim JS. Adiponectin for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. Korean J Intern Med 2019; 34:480-491. [PMID: 31048658 PMCID: PMC6506734 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2019.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic burden caused by hyperglycemia can result in direct and immediate metabolic injuries, such as oxidative stress and tissue inflammation, in the kidney. Furthermore, chronic hyperglycemia can lead to substantial structural changes such as formation of advanced glycation end-products, glomerular and tubular hypertrophy, and tissue fibrosis. Glomerular hypertrophy renders podocytes vulnerable to increased glomerular filtration, leading to podocyte instability and loss. Thus, prevention of glomerular hypertrophy and attenuation of glomerular hyperfiltration may have therapeutic potential for diabetic nephropathy (DN). Adiponectin is an adipokine that improves insulin sensitivity in obesity-related metabolic disorders, including diabetes, but its efficacy is unknown. Moreover, the recently developed adiponectin receptor agonist, AdipoRon, shows therapeutic potential for DN. In this review, we focus on the role of glomerular hypertrophy in the pathogenesis of DN and discuss the role of adiponectin in its prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Young Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jae Won Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Byoung Geun Han
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Seung Ok Choi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jae Seok Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
- Correspondence to Jae Seok Kim, M.D. Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, 20 Ilsan-ro, Wonju 26426, Korea Tel: +82-33-741-0509 Fax: +82-33-731-5884 E-mail:
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Abstract
Adiponectin is one of the most widely studied adipokines to date. First described in the mid-1990's, studying its regulation, biogenesis and physiological effects has proven to be extremely insightful and improved our understanding of the mechanisms that ensure systemic metabolic homeostasis. Here, we provide a brief overview of the current state of the field with respect to adiponectin, its history, sites and mechanisms of action, and the critical questions that will need to be addressed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon G Straub
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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9
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Cho J, Teshigawara R, Kameda M, Yamaguchi S, Tada T. Nucleus-localized adiponectin is survival gatekeeper through miR-214-mediated AIFM2 regulation. Genes Cells 2019; 24:126-138. [PMID: 30474186 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin secreted from adipocytes into plasma has anti-aging, anti-obesity and anti-inflammation effects. Here, we detected intracellular adiponectin localized in the nuclei of human and mouse pluripotent stem cells, mouse germ cells and some somatic cells. Nucleus-localized (Nu) adiponectin protein is characterized by an N-terminal truncated monomer form in a native state, compared with intact multimer forms of cytoplasm-localized (Cy) adiponectin protein. Doxycycline-induced over-expression of ADIPONECTIN caused cell death in human and mouse Nu-type pluripotent stem cells. Genome-wide gene expression analysis indicated that apoptosis by ADIPONECTIN over-expression was induced in accompany with upregulation of AIFM2 and MEG3. Upregulation of AIFM2 and MEG3 and down-regulation of miR-214-3p verified by qPCR analyses after ADIPONECTIN over-expression indicated that the MEG3/miR-214/AIFM2 pathway played a role in the apoptotic cell death of pluripotent cells. Adiponectin-induced cell death was rescued by the treatment with miR-214-3p mimic. Global data analysis shows that Nu adiponectin has a role in microRNA-mediated post-transcription regulation, cell-cell interactions and chromatin remodeling as a survival gatekeeper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junkwon Cho
- Laboratory of Developmental Epigenome, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rika Teshigawara
- Laboratory of Developmental Epigenome, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kameda
- Laboratory of Developmental Epigenome, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinpei Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Takashi Tada
- Laboratory of Developmental Epigenome, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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11
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Krumm CS, Giesy SL, Orndorff CL, Boisclair YR. Variation in x-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) expression and its dependent endoplasmic reticulum chaperones does not regulate adiponectin secretion in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:5559-5570. [PMID: 29550138 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin is an insulin-sensitizing hormone produced predominantly by adipose tissue; it circulates as oligomers of 3, 6, 18, or more units. Plasma adiponectin might be involved in the development of insulin resistance in transition dairy cows because it falls to a nadir around parturition. The possibility that this regulation occurs through a post-transcriptional mechanism was suggested in a previous study that showed unchanged adiponectin mRNA abundance combined with reduced expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperones implicated in assembly of adiponectin oligomers. Expression of ER chaperones is controlled by x-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), suggesting a model whereby transcriptional regulation of ER chaperones during the transition period contributes to the regulation of adiponectin production. In support of this model, XBP1 expression in adipose tissue, measured either as the active spliced XBP1 mRNA or as the total of all XBP1 mRNA isoforms, was 45% lower on d 8 of lactation than 4 wk before parturition; ATF6 mRNA abundance remained unchanged over the same period. To assess the functional importance of XBP1, preadipocytes isolated from pregnant cows were differentiated into adipocytes that secrete adiponectin. Infection of differentiating cells with an adenovirus expressing the active spliced version of bovine XBP1 did not alter adiponectin mRNA but increased the expression of ER chaperones 1.5- to 5-fold. Despite the latter, XBP1 overexpression did not affect the total amount of adiponectin secreted in medium. In additional experiments, adiponectin production was dependent on exogenous lipid in the medium and was reduced during incubation with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα). Accordingly, we asked whether the repressive effects of these factors on adiponectin production were related to a reduction in the expression of adiponectin or determinants of ER function (XBP1, ATF6, and ER chaperones). Exogenous lipid had no effect on the expression of any of these genes, whereas TNFα repressed adiponectin mRNA abundance by 61% but had little effect on determinants of ER function. Overall, this work shows that XBP1 is a positive regulator of ER chaperone expression in adipose tissue but provides no support for XBP1 and its dependent ER chaperones in the regulation of adiponectin production in bovine adipocytes. Mechanisms accounting for reduced plasma adiponectin in transition cows remain poorly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Krumm
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - S L Giesy
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - C L Orndorff
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Y R Boisclair
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
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12
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Rödiger M, Werno MW, Wilhelmi I, Baumeier C, Hesse D, Wettschureck N, Offermanns S, Song K, Krauß M, Schürmann A. Adiponectin release and insulin receptor targeting share trans-Golgi-dependent endosomal trafficking routes. Mol Metab 2018; 8:167-179. [PMID: 29203237 PMCID: PMC5985030 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intracellular vesicle trafficking maintains cellular structures and functions. The assembly of cargo-laden vesicles at the trans-Golgi network is initiated by the ARF family of small GTPases. Here, we demonstrate the role of the trans-Golgi localized monomeric GTPase ARFRP1 in endosomal-mediated vesicle trafficking of mature adipocytes. METHODS Control (Arfrp1flox/flox) and inducible fat-specific Arfrp1 knockout (Arfrp1iAT-/-) mice were metabolically characterized. In vitro experiments on mature 3T3-L1 cells and primary mouse adipocytes were conducted to validate the impact of ARFRP1 on localization of adiponectin and the insulin receptor. Finally, secretion and transferrin-based uptake and recycling assays were performed with HeLa and HeLa M-C1 cells. RESULTS We identified the ARFRP1-based sorting machinery to be involved in vesicle trafficking relying on the endosomal compartment for cell surface delivery. Secretion of adiponectin from fat depots was selectively reduced in Arfrp1iAT-/- mice, and Arfrp1-depleted 3T3-L1 adipocytes revealed an accumulation of adiponectin in Rab11-positive endosomes. Plasma adiponectin deficiency of Arfrp1iAT-/- mice resulted in deteriorated hepatic insulin sensitivity, increased gluconeogenesis and elevated fasting blood glucose levels. Additionally, the insulin receptor, undergoing endocytic recycling after ligand binding, was less abundant at the plasma membrane of adipocytes lacking Arfrp1. This had detrimental effects on adipose insulin signaling, followed by insufficient suppression of basal lipolytic activity and impaired adipose tissue expansion. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that adiponectin secretion and insulin receptor surface targeting utilize the same post-Golgi trafficking pathways that are essential for an appropriate systemic insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rödiger
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Martin W Werno
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Ilka Wilhelmi
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Christian Baumeier
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Deike Hesse
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Nina Wettschureck
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.
| | - Kyungyeun Song
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Cell Biology, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Michael Krauß
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Cell Biology, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Annette Schürmann
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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13
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Collagen beta (1- O) galactosyltransferase 1 (GLT25D1) is required for the secretion of high molecular weight adiponectin and affects lipid accumulation. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20170105. [PMID: 28428430 PMCID: PMC5434890 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20170105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretion of high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin is dependent on post-translational modification (PTM) of conserved lysines in the collagenous domain. The present study aims to characterize the enzymes responsible for the PTM of conserved lysines which leads to HMW adiponectin secretion, and to define its significance in relation to obesity. Collagen beta (1-O) galactosyltransferase 1 (GLT25D1) was knocked down in HEK cells modified for the stable expression of adiponectin (adiponectin expressing human embryonic kidney cells, Adipo-HEK) as well as in Simpson Golabi-Behmel-Syndrome (SGBS) adipocytes. Knockdown of GLT25D1 caused a significant decrease in HMW adiponectin in Adipo-HEK cells with no change in total adiponectin. Knockdown in the SGBS cells caused an increase in lipid accumulation yet inhibited adipogenesis. Co-immunoprecipitation with adiponectin and mass spectrometry showed that adiponectin formed a protein complex with lysyl hydroxylase 3 (LH3) and GLT25D1. Transient overexpression of GLT25D1 showed that the intracellular retention of LH3 was dependent on GLT25D1. To determine whether changes in GLT25D1 were significant in obesity, mice were fed a standard chow or high-fat diet (HFD) for 5 weeks. GLT25D1 was significantly decreased in mice fed HFD which coincided with a decrease in HMW adiponectin. We conclude that GLT25D1 regulates HMW adiponectin secretion and lipid accumulation, consistent with changes in mice after high-fat feeding. These results suggest a novel function of GLT25D1 leading to decreased HMW adiponectin secretion in early obesity.
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14
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Wang ZV, Scherer PE. Adiponectin, the past two decades. J Mol Cell Biol 2016; 8:93-100. [PMID: 26993047 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjw011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipocyte-specific factor, first described in 1995. Over the past two decades, numerous studies have elucidated the physiological functions of adiponectin in obesity, diabetes, inflammation, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease. Adiponectin, elicited through cognate receptors, suppresses glucose production in the liver and enhances fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle, which together contribute to a beneficial metabolic action in whole body energy homeostasis. Beyond its role in metabolism, adiponectin also protects cells from apoptosis and reduces inflammation in various cell types via receptor-dependent mechanisms. Adiponectin, as a fat-derived hormone, therefore fulfills a critical role as an important messenger to communicate between adipose tissue and other organs. A better understanding of adiponectin actions, including the pros and cons, will advance our insights into basic mechanisms of metabolism and inflammation, and potentially pave the way toward novel means of pharmacological intervention to address pathophysiological changes associated with diabetes, atherosclerosis, and cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao V Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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15
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He Y, Lu L, Wei X, Jin D, Qian T, Yu A, Sun J, Cui J, Yang Z. The multimerization and secretion of adiponectin are regulated by TNF-alpha. Endocrine 2016; 51:456-68. [PMID: 26407855 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0741-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is often associated with insulin resistance, mild systemic inflammation, and decreased blood adiponectin. However, some adipokines are increased in the adipose tissue of obese individuals, and whether these adipokines are directly related to the reductions in serum adiponectin levels in an autocrine or paracrine manner remains unknown. This study indicates that the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) suppresses the multimerization and secretion of adiponectin both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, TNF-α remarkably suppressed the expression of the ER-resident chaperone proteins ERO1-La, DsbA-L, and ERp44. Overexpression of the transcription factor PPARγ antagonized the suppressive effect of TNF-α on ERO1-La and DsbA-L expressions. Further study revealed that PPARγ enhanced the transcription of ERO1-La and DsbA-L by directly binding to the PPRE element of ERO1-La and DsbA-L promoters. TNF-α treatment decreased this binding activity. Furthermore, TNF-α treatment enhanced the interaction between adiponectin and ERp44. In this study, we show that TNF-α impairs adiponectin multimerization and consequently decreases adiponectin secretion by altering disulfide bond modification in the endoplasmic reticulum. Altered adiponectin multimerization could explain declined adiponectin levels and altered distribution of adiponectin complexes in the plasma of obese insulin-resistant individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiduo He
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Linfang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Qian
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - An Yu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiesheng Cui
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zaiqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Jin D, Sun J, Huang J, Yu X, Yu A, He Y, Li Q, Yang Z. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ enhances adiponectin secretion via up-regulating DsbA-L expression. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 411:97-104. [PMID: 25917454 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Disulfide-bond A oxidoreductase like-protein (DsbA-L) was identified as a molecular chaperone facilitating the assembly and secretion of adiponectin, an adipokine with multiple beneficial effects. In obesity the level of DsbA-L is reduced with a concomitant decrease of the circulating adiponectin level, especially of the high molecular weight form (HMW). Both rodent and human studies have shown that the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ agonists increase adiponectin levels in serum by activating PPARγ, which up-regulates critical endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperones thus facilitating protein folding. As shown in the present study, overexpression of PPARγ in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells elicited the cellular release of HMW adiponectin. PPARγ enhanced expression of DsbA-L by binding directly to peroxisome proliferator response element (PPRE) site within the DsbA-L promoter. Conversely, in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells, PPARγ knockdown resulted in decreased expression of Adiponectin, DsbA-L and ERp44. DsbA-L expression increased after PPARγ agonist treatment and decreased upon treatment with PPARγ antagonist in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. DsbA-L deficiency in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells impaired the secretion of adiponectin. We therefore propose that DsbA-L plays an important role in facilitating HMW adiponectin formation and release from cells under the regulation of PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaoling Yu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - An Yu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yiduo He
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zaiqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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17
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Hampe L, Radjainia M, Xu C, Harris PWR, Bashiri G, Goldstone DC, Brimble MA, Wang Y, Mitra AK. Regulation and Quality Control of Adiponectin Assembly by Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone ERp44. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:18111-18123. [PMID: 26060250 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.663088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin, a collagenous hormone secreted abundantly from adipocytes, possesses potent antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory properties. Mediated by the conserved Cys(39) located in the variable region of the N terminus, the trimeric (low molecular weight (LMW)) adiponectin subunit assembles into different higher order complexes, e.g. hexamers (middle molecular weight (MMW)) and 12-18-mers (high molecular weight (HMW)), the latter being mostly responsible for the insulin-sensitizing activity of adiponectin. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone ERp44 retains adiponectin in the early secretory compartment and tightly controls the oxidative state of Cys(39) and the oligomerization of adiponectin. Using cellular and in vitro assays, we show that ERp44 specifically recognizes the LMW and MMW forms but not the HMW form. Our binding assays with short peptide mimetics of adiponectin suggest that ERp44 intercepts and converts the pool of fully oxidized LMW and MMW adiponectin, but not the HMW form, into reduced trimeric precursors. These ERp44-bound precursors in the cis-Golgi may be transported back to the ER and released to enhance the population of adiponectin intermediates with appropriate oxidative state for HMW assembly, thereby underpinning the process of ERp44 quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Hampe
- School of Biological Science, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Mazdak Radjainia
- School of Biological Science, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Cheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, 999007 Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul W R Harris
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; Institute for Innovation in Biotechnology, The University of Auckland, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Ghader Bashiri
- School of Biological Science, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - David C Goldstone
- School of Biological Science, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Margaret A Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; Institute for Innovation in Biotechnology, The University of Auckland, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, 999007 Hong Kong, China
| | - Alok K Mitra
- School of Biological Science, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
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18
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Arnaboldi L, Corsini A. Could changes in adiponectin drive the effect of statins on the risk of new-onset diabetes? The case of pitavastatin. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2015; 16:1-27. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(14)70002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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19
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Martins LM, Oliveira ARS, Cruz KJC, Torres-Leal FL, Marreiro DDN. Obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502014000400003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) is considered an endocrine organ. When present in excess, WAT can influence metabolism via biologically active molecules. Following unregulated production of such molecules, adipose tissue dysfunction results, contributing to complications associated with obesity. Previous studies have implicated pro- and anti-inflammatory substances in the regulation of inflammatory response and in the development of insulin resistance. In obese individuals, pro-inflammatory molecules produced by adipose tissue contribute to the development of insulin resistance and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. On the other hand, the molecules with anti-inflammatory action, that have been associated with the improvement of insulin sensitivity, have your decreased production. Imbalance of these substances contributes significantly to metabolic disorders found in obese individuals. The current review aims to provide updated information regarding the activity of biomolecules produced by WAT.
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20
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Mori T, Koyama Y, Maeda N, Nakamura Y, Fujishima Y, Matsuda K, Funahashi T, Shimada S, Shimomura I. Ultrastructural localization of adiponectin protein in vasculature of normal and atherosclerotic mice. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4895. [PMID: 24809933 PMCID: PMC4013939 DOI: 10.1038/srep04895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin, adipose-specific secretory protein, abundantly circulates in bloodstream and its concentration is around 1000-fold higher than that of other cytokines and hormones. Hypoadiponectinemia is a risk factor for atherosclerosis. There is little or no information on ultrastructural localization of adiponectin in the vasculature. Herein we investigated the localization of vascular adiponectin in the aorta using the immunoelectron microscopic technique. In wild-type (WT) mice, adiponectin was mainly detected on the luminal surface membrane of endothelial cells (ECs) and also found intracellularly in the endocytic vesicles of ECs. In the atherosclerotic lesions of apolipoprotein E-knockout (ApoE-KO) mice, adiponectin was detected in ECs, on the cell surface membrane of synthetic smooth muscle cells, and on the surface of monocytes adherent to ECs. Changes in adiponectin localization within the wall of the aorta may provide novel insight into the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Mori
- 1] Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan 565-0871 [2]
| | - Yoshihisa Koyama
- 1] Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan 565-0871 [2]
| | - Norikazu Maeda
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan 565-0871
| | - Yukiko Nakamura
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan 565-0871
| | - Yuya Fujishima
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan 565-0871
| | - Keisuke Matsuda
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan 565-0871
| | - Tohru Funahashi
- 1] Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan 565-0871 [2] Department of Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan 565-0871
| | - Shoichi Shimada
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan 565-0871
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan 565-0871
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21
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Sha H, Yang L, Liu M, Xia S, Liu Y, Liu F, Kersten S, Qi L. Adipocyte spliced form of X-box-binding protein 1 promotes adiponectin multimerization and systemic glucose homeostasis. Diabetes 2014; 63:867-79. [PMID: 24241534 PMCID: PMC3931404 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The physiological role of the spliced form of X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1s), a key transcription factor of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, in adipose tissue remains largely unknown. In this study, we show that overexpression of XBP1s promotes adiponectin multimerization in adipocytes, thereby regulating systemic glucose homeostasis. Ectopic expression of XBP1s in adipocytes improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in both lean and obese (ob/ob) mice. The beneficial effect of adipocyte XBP1s on glucose homeostasis is associated with elevated serum levels of high-molecular-weight adiponectin and, indeed, is adiponectin-dependent. Mechanistically, XBP1s promotes adiponectin multimerization rather than activating its transcription, likely through a direct regulation of the expression of several ER chaperones involved in adiponectin maturation, including glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa, protein disulfide isomerase family A, member 6, ER protein 44, and disulfide bond oxidoreductase A-like protein. Thus, we conclude that XBP1s is an important regulator of adiponectin multimerization, which may lead to a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and hypoadiponectinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Sha
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Liu Yang
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Meilian Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Sheng Xia
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Sander Kersten
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
- Nutrition, Metabolism, and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ling Qi
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
- Corresponding author: Ling Qi,
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Pediatric obesity and vitamin D deficiency: a proteomic approach identifies multimeric adiponectin as a key link between these conditions. PLoS One 2014; 9:e83685. [PMID: 24404137 PMCID: PMC3880269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Key circulating molecules that link vitamin D (VD) to pediatric obesity and its co-morbidities remain unclear. Using a proteomic approach, our objective was to identify key molecules in obese children dichotomized according to 25OH-vitamin D (25OHD) levels. A total of 42 obese children (M/F = 18/24) were divided according to their 25OHD3 levels into 25OHD3 deficient (VDD; n = 18; 25OHD<15 ng/ml) or normal subjects (NVD; n = 24; >30 ng/ml). Plasma proteomic analyses by two dimensional (2D)-electrophoresis were performed at baseline in all subjects. VDD subjects underwent a 12mo treatment with 3000 IU vitamin D3 once a week to confirm the proteomic analyses. The proteomic analyses identified 53 “spots” that differed between VDD and NVD (p<0.05), amongst which adiponectin was identified. Adiponectin was selected for confirmational studies due to its tight association with obesity and diabetes mellitus. Western Immunoblot (WIB) analyses of 2D-gels demonstrated a downregulation of adiponectin in VDD subjects, which was confirmed in the plasma from VDD with respect to NVD subjects (p<0.035) and increased following 12mo vitamin D3 supplementation in VDD subjects (p<0.02). High molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin, a surrogate indicator of insulin sensitivity, was significantly lower in VDD subjects (p<0.02) and improved with vitamin D3 supplementation (p<0.042). A direct effect in vitro of 1α,25-(OH)2D3 on adipocyte adiponectin synthesis was demonstrated, with adiponectin and its multimeric forms upregulated, even at low pharmacological doses (10−9 M) of 1α,25-(OH)2D3. This upregulation was paralleled by the adiponectin interactive protein, DsbA-L, suggesting that the VD regulation of adiponectin involves post-transciptional events. Using a proteomic approach, multimeric adiponectin has been identified as a key plasma protein that links VDD to pediatric obesity.
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Ye R, Scherer PE. Adiponectin, driver or passenger on the road to insulin sensitivity? Mol Metab 2013; 2:133-41. [PMID: 24049728 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Almost 20 years have passed since the first laboratory evidence emerged that an abundant message encoding a protein with homology to the C1q superfamily is highly specifically expressed in adipocytes. At this stage, we refer to this protein as adiponectin. Despite more than 10,000 reports in the literature since its initial description, we seem to have written only the first chapter in the textbook on adiponectin physiology. With every new aspect we learn about adiponectin, a host of new questions arise with respect to the underlying molecular mechanisms. Here, we aim to summarize recent findings in the field and bring the rodent studies that suggest a causal relationship between adiponectin levels in plasma and systemic insulin sensitivity in perspective with the currently available data on the clinical side.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risheng Ye
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Jiang C, Kim JH, Li F, Qu A, Gavrilova O, Shah YM, Gonzalez FJ. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α regulates a SOCS3-STAT3-adiponectin signal transduction pathway in adipocytes. J Biol Chem 2012; 288:3844-57. [PMID: 23255598 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.426338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has been identified as a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance in insulin target tissues. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) regulates pathways in energy metabolism that become dysregulated in obesity. Earlier studies revealed that HIF1α in adipose tissue is markedly elevated in high-fat diet-fed mice that are obese and insulin-resistant. Genetic ablation of HIF1α in adipose tissue decreased insulin resistance and obesity, accompanied by increased serum adiponectin levels. However, the exact mechanism whereby HIF1α regulates adiponectin remains unclear. Here, acriflavine (ACF), an inhibitor of HIF1α, induced the expression of adiponectin and reduced the expression of SOCS3 in cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Mechanistic studies revealed that HIF1α suppressed the expression of adiponectin through a SOCS3-STAT3 pathway. Socs3 was identified as a novel HIF1α target gene based on chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase assays. STAT3 directly regulated adiponectin in vitro in cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes. ACF was found to prevent diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. In vivo, ACF also regulated the SOCS3-STAT3-adiponectin pathway, and inhibition of HIF1α in adipose tissue was essential for ACF to improve the SOCS3-STAT3-adiponectin pathway to counteract insulin resistance. This study provides evidence for a novel target gene and signal transduction pathway in adipocytes and indicates that inhibitors of HIF1α have potential utility for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changtao Jiang
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Giesy SL, Yoon B, Currie WB, Kim JW, Boisclair YR. Adiponectin deficit during the precarious glucose economy of early lactation in dairy cows. Endocrinology 2012; 153:5834-44. [PMID: 23077076 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In rodents and primates, insulin resistance develops during pregnancy and fades after parturition. In contrast, dairy cows and other ruminants maintain insulin resistance in early lactation (EL). This adaptation favors mammary glucose uptake, an insulin-independent process, at a time when the glucose supply is scarce. Reduction in circulating levels of the insulin-sensitizing hormone adiponectin promotes insulin resistance in other species, but whether it contributes to insulin resistance in EL dairy cows is unknown. To address this question, plasma adiponectin was measured in high-yielding dairy cows during the transition from late pregnancy (LP) to EL. Plasma adiponectin varied in quadratic fashion with the highest levels in LP, a maximal reduction of 45% on the day after parturition and a progressive return to LP values over the next 8 wk. Adiponectin circulated nearly exclusively in high molecular weight complexes in LP, and this distribution remained unaffected in EL. The reduction of plasma adiponectin in EL occurred without changes in adiponectin mRNA in adipose tissue but was associated with repression of the expression of proteins associated with the endoplasmic reticulum and involved in assembly of adiponectin oligomers. Finally, EL increased the expression of the adiponectin receptor 1 in muscle and adiponectin receptor 2 in liver but had no effect on the expression of these receptors in adipose tissue and in the mammary gland. These data suggest that reduced plasma adiponectin belongs to the subset of hormonal adaptations in EL dairy cows facilitating mammary glucose uptake via promotion of insulin resistance.
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Su H, Lau WB, Ma XL. Hypoadiponectinaemia in diabetes mellitus type 2: molecular mechanisms and clinical significance. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2012; 38:897-904. [PMID: 21916932 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2011.05606.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
1. This review focuses on the regulatory mechanisms of adiponectin (APN) gene expression during physiologic conditions and both the clinical significance and underlying molecular mechanisms of hypoadiponectinaemia during pathologic conditions. 2. Adiponectin is a versatile cardiovascular protective factor. It plays an important role in regulating insulin sensitivity and energy homeostasis, with anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic properties. 3. Adiponectin gene expression is downregulated in both obesity and diabetes mellitus type 2. Hypoadiponectinaemia is an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetic patients. 4. Exogenous supplementation of recombinant APN attenuates insulin resistance, improving metabolic disorders. Therefore, APN-targeted pharmaceutical strategies increasing circulating APN levels may be therapeutic against type 2 diabetes. 5. There is great value in elucidating the regulatory mechanisms of APN gene expression during physiologic and pathologic conditions. APN biosynthesis regulation includes transcriptional expression and post-translational modification, oligomerization, and secretion. Under pathological conditions, including obesity and diabetes mellitus type 2, hypoxia, oxidative stress, and inflammation suppress APN mRNA levels and its secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Su
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, Xi-an, China
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Radjainia M, Huang B, Bai B, Schmitz M, Yang SH, Harris PWR, Griffin MDW, Brimble MA, Wang Y, Mitra AK. A highly conserved tryptophan in the N-terminal variable domain regulates disulfide bond formation and oligomeric assembly of adiponectin. FEBS J 2012; 279:2495-507. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2012.08630.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Tishinsky JM, Dyck DJ, Robinson LE. Lifestyle factors increasing adiponectin synthesis and secretion. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2012; 90:1-30. [PMID: 23017710 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-398313-8.00001-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin is an anti-inflammatory adipokine released from adipose tissue that is known to exert insulin-sensitizing effects in skeletal muscle and liver. Given that the secretion of adiponectin is impaired in obesity and related pathologies, strategies to enhance its synthesis and secretion are of interest. There is evidence that several lifestyle factors, including consumption of dietary long-chain n-3 PUFA, TZD administration, and weight loss can increase adiponectin synthesis and secretion. The effect of chronic exercise, independent of weight loss, is variable and less convincing. Potential mechanisms by which such lifestyle factors exert their favorable effects on adiponectin include activation of PPARγ and AMPK, regulation of posttranslational modifications, and changes in adipose tissue morphology and macrophage infiltration. As a clear role for adiponectin in mitigating obesity-related impairments in lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity is evident, further research investigating factors that enhance adiponectin synthesis and secretion is distinctly warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine M Tishinsky
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Astapova O, Leff T. Adiponectin and PPARγ: cooperative and interdependent actions of two key regulators of metabolism. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2012; 90:143-62. [PMID: 23017715 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-398313-8.00006-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The recent advances in the understanding of adiponectin and other adipokines have highlighted the role of adipose tissue as an active endocrine organ. One of the central regulators of adipocyte biology is peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), a transcription factor that induces the adipogenic gene expression program during development, promotes adipose remodeling, and regulates the functions of adipocytes in lipid storage, adipokine secretion, and energy homeostasis. Activation of PPARγ results in increased insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle and liver and improves the secretory profile of adipose tissue, favoring release of insulin-sensitizing adipokines, such as adiponectin, and reducing inflammatory cytokines. Increased adiponectin production is likely a significant mediator of the systemic effects of PPARγ activation. This chapter will review the interplay between PPARγ and adiponectin in regulating metabolism, presenting evidence that PPARγ regulates adiponectin gene expression, processing, and secretion and that the two proteins have overlapping effects on downstream metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Astapova
- Department of Pathology, The Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Briggs DB, Giron RM, Malinowski PR, Nuñez M, Tsao TS. Role of redox environment on the oligomerization of higher molecular weight adiponectin. BMC BIOCHEMISTRY 2011; 12:24. [PMID: 21600065 PMCID: PMC3117782 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2091-12-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Adiponectin is an adipocyte-secreted hormone with insulin-sensitizing and anti-inflammatory actions. The assembly of trimeric, hexameric, and higher molecular weight (HMW) species of adiponectin is a topic of significant interest because physiological actions of adiponectin are oligomer-specific. In addition, adiponectin assembly is an example of oxidative oligomerization of multi-subunit protein complexes in endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Results We previously reported that trimers assemble into HMW adiponectin via intermediates stabilized by disulfide bonds, and complete oxidation of available cysteines locks adiponectin in hexameric conformation. In this study, we examined the effects of redox environment on the rate of oligomer formation and the distribution of oligomers. Reassembly of adiponectin under oxidizing conditions accelerated disulfide bonding but favored formation of hexamers over the HMW species. Increased ratios of HMW to hexameric adiponectin could be achieved rapidly under oxidizing conditions by promoting disulfide rearrangement. Conclusions Based upon these observations, we propose oxidative assembly of multi-subunit adiponectin complexes in a defined and stable redox environment is favored under oxidizing conditions coupled with high rates of disulfide rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Briggs
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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Li Y, Wang P, Zhuang Y, Lin H, Li Y, Liu L, Meng Q, Cui T, Liu J, Li Z. Activation of AMPK by berberine promotes adiponectin multimerization in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. FEBS Lett 2011; 585:1735-40. [PMID: 21536037 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin is assembled into trimer (LMW), hexamer (MMW) and high-molecular-weight (HMW) multimer in adipocytes. The HMW adiponectin is more metabolically active and closely associated with peripheral insulin sensitivity. In this study, we reported that berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid with insulin-sensitizing effect, inhibits the expression of adiponectin, but promotes the assembly of HMW adiponectin and increases the ratio of HMW to total adiponectin. Berberine activates AMPK. Knockdown of AMPKα1 abolishes the effect of berberine. Activation of AMPK by AICAR also increases the level of HMW adiponectin. Our study suggested that activation of AMPK by berberine promotes adiponectin multimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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32
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Deng Y, Scherer PE. Adipokines as novel biomarkers and regulators of the metabolic syndrome. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2011. [PMID: 21276002 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades our view of adipose tissue has undergone a dramatic change from an inert energy storage tissue to an active endocrine organ. Adipose tissue communicates with other central and peripheral organs by synthesis and secretion of a host of molecules that we generally refer to as adipokines. The levels of some adipokines correlate with specific metabolic states and have the potential to impact directly upon the metabolic homeostasis of the system. A dysregulation of adipokines has been implicated in obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and an ever-growing larger list of pathological changes in a number of organs. Here, we review the recent progress regarding the synthesis, secretion, and physiological function of adipokines with perspectives on future directions and potential therapeutic goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfeng Deng
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
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Deng Y, Scherer PE. Adipokines as novel biomarkers and regulators of the metabolic syndrome. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2011; 1212:E1-E19. [PMID: 21276002 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05875.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades our view of adipose tissue has undergone a dramatic change from an inert energy storage tissue to an active endocrine organ. Adipose tissue communicates with other central and peripheral organs by synthesis and secretion of a host of molecules that we generally refer to as adipokines. The levels of some adipokines correlate with specific metabolic states and have the potential to impact directly upon the metabolic homeostasis of the system. A dysregulation of adipokines has been implicated in obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and an ever-growing larger list of pathological changes in a number of organs. Here, we review the recent progress regarding the synthesis, secretion, and physiological function of adipokines with perspectives on future directions and potential therapeutic goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfeng Deng
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
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Hajri T, Tao H, Wattacheril J, Marks-Shulman P, Abumrad NN. Regulation of adiponectin production by insulin: interactions with tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2011; 300:E350-60. [PMID: 21062957 PMCID: PMC3280698 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00307.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is often associated with insulin resistance, low-grade systemic inflammation, and reduced plasma adiponectin. Inflammation is also increased in adipose tissue, but it is not clear whether the reductions of adiponectin levels are related to dysregulation of insulin activity and/or increased proinflammatory mediators. In this study, we investigated the interactions of insulin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in the regulation of adiponectin production using in vivo and in vitro approaches. Plasma adiponectin and parameters of insulin resistance and inflammation were assessed in a cohort of lean and obese insulin-resistant subjects. In addition, the effect of insulin was examined in vivo using the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, and in adipose tissue (AT) cultures. Compared with lean subjects, the levels of total adiponectin, and especially the high-molecular-weight (HMW) isomer, were abnormally low in obese insulin-resistant subjects. The hyperinsulinemic clamp data confirmed the insulin-resistant state in the obese patients and showed that insulin infusion significantly increased the plasma adiponectin in lean but not obese subjects (P < 0.01). Similarly, insulin increased total adiponectin release from AT explants of lean and not obese subjects. Moreover, expression and secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 increased significantly in AT of obese subjects and were negatively associated with expression and secretion of adiponectin. In 3T3-L1 and human adipocyte cultures, insulin strongly enhanced adiponectin expression (2-fold) and secretion (3-fold). TNF-α, and not IL-6, strongly opposed the stimulatory effects of insulin. Intriguingly, the inhibitory effect of TNF-α was especially directed toward the HMW isomer of adiponectin. In conclusion, these studies show that insulin upregulates adiponectin expression and release, and that TNF-α opposes the stimulatory effects of insulin. A combination of insulin resistance and increased TNF-α production could explain the decline of adiponectin levels and alterations of isomer composition in plasma of obese insulin-resistant subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahar Hajri
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, USA.
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Zhou L, Liu M, Zhang J, Chen H, Dong LQ, Liu F. DsbA-L alleviates endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced adiponectin downregulation. Diabetes 2010; 59:2809-16. [PMID: 20699416 PMCID: PMC2963539 DOI: 10.2337/db10-0412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity impairs adiponectin expression, assembly, and secretion, yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The aims of this study were 1) to determine the molecular mechanisms by which obesity impairs adiponectin multimerization and stability, and 2) to determine the potential role of disulfide-bond-A oxidoreductase-like protein (DsbA-L), a recently identified adiponectin interactive protein that promotes adiponectin multimerization and stability in obesity-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and adiponectin downregulation. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), a chemical chaperone that alleviates ER stress, was used to study the mechanism underlying obesity-induced adiponectin downregulation in db/db mice, high-fat diet-induced obese mice, and in ER-stressed 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The cellular levels of DsbA-L were altered by RNAi-mediated suppression or adenovirus-mediated overexpression. The protective role of DsbA-L in obesity- and ER stress-induced adiponectin downregulation was characterized. RESULTS Treating db/db mice and diet-induced obese mice with TUDCA increased the cellular and serum levels of adiponectin. In addition, inducing ER stress is sufficient to downregulate adiponectin levels in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, which could be protected by treating cells with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine or by overexpression of DsbA-L. CONCLUSIONS ER stress plays a key role in obesity-induced adiponectin downregulation. In addition, DsbA-L facilitates adiponectin folding and assembly and provides a protective effect against ER stress-mediated adiponectin downregulation in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Meilian Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Hongzhi Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Lily Q. Dong
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Barshop Center for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Barshop Center for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Corresponding author: Feng Liu,
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Wang A, Liu M, Liu X, Dong LQ, Glickman RD, Slaga TJ, Zhou Z, Liu F. Up-regulation of adiponectin by resveratrol: the essential roles of the Akt/FOXO1 and AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathways and DsbA-L. J Biol Chem 2010; 286:60-6. [PMID: 20980258 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.188144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The natural polyphenol resveratrol (RSV) displays a wide spectrum of health beneficial activities, yet the precise mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. Here we show that RSV promotes the multimerization and cellular levels of adiponectin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The stimulatory effect of RSV was not affected by knocking out Sirt1, but was diminished by suppressing the expression levels of DsbA-L, a recently identified adiponectin-interactive protein that promotes adiponectin multimerization. Suppression of the Akt signaling pathway resulted in an increase in the expression levels of DsbA-L and adiponectin. On the other hand, knocking out FOXO1 or suppressing the activity or expression levels of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) down-regulated DsbA-L and adiponectin. The stimulatory effect of RSV on adiponectin and DsbA-L expression was completely diminished in FOXO1-suppressed and AMPK-inactivated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Taken together, our results demonstrate that RSV promotes adiponectin multimerization in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via a Sirt1-independent mechanism. In addition, we show that the stimulatory effect of RSV is regulated by both the Akt/FOXO1 and the AMPK signaling pathways. Last, we show that DsbA-L plays a critical role in the promoting effect of RSV on adiponectin multimerization and cellular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anping Wang
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan 410011, China
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Briggs DB, Jones CM, Mashalidis EH, Nuñez M, Hausrath AC, Wysocki VH, Tsao TS. Disulfide-dependent self-assembly of adiponectin octadecamers from trimers and presence of stable octadecameric adiponectin lacking disulfide bonds in vitro. Biochemistry 2010; 48:12345-57. [PMID: 19943704 DOI: 10.1021/bi9015555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin is a circulating insulin-sensitizing hormone that homooligomerizes into trimers, hexamers, and higher molecular weight (HMW) species. Low levels of circulating HMW adiponectin appear to increase the risk for insulin resistance. Currently, assembly of adiponectin oligomers and, consequently, mechanisms responsible for decreased HMW adiponectin in insulin resistance are not well understood. In the work reported here, we analyzed the reassembly of the most abundant HMW adiponectin species, the octadecamer, following its collapse to smaller oligomers in vitro. Purified bovine serum adiponectin octadecamer was treated with reducing agents at pH 5 to obtain trimers. These reduced trimers partially and spontaneously reassembled into octadecamers upon oxidative formation of disulfide bonds. Disulfide bonds appear to occupy a greater role in the process of oligomerization than in the structural stabilization of mature octadecamer. Stable octadecamers lacking virtually all disulfide bonds could be observed in abundance using native gel electrophoresis, dynamic light scattering, and collision-induced dissociation nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry. These findings indicate that while disulfide bonds help to maintain the mature octadecameric adiponectin structure, their more important function is to stabilize intermediates during the assembly of octadecamer. Adiponectin oligomerization must proceed through intermediates that are at least partially reduced. Accordingly, fully oxidized adiponectin hexamers failed to reassemble into octadecamers at a rate comparable to that of reduced trimers. As the findings from the present study are based on in vitro experiments, their in vivo relevance remains unclear. Nevertheless, they describe a redox environment-dependent model of adiponectin oligomerization that can be tested using cell-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Briggs
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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38
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Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipose-tissue-derived hormone with anti-diabetic, anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory functions. Adiponectin circulates in the bloodstream in trimeric, hexameric and high-molecular-mass species, and different forms of adiponectin have been found to play distinct roles in the regulation of energy homoeostasis. The serum levels of adiponectin are negatively correlated with obesity and insulin resistance, yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In the present review, we summarize recent progress made on the mechanisms regulating adiponectin gene transcription, multimerization and secretion. We also discuss the potential relevance of these studies to the development of new clinical therapy for insulin resistance, Type 2 diabetes and other obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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Frizzell N, Rajesh M, Jepson MJ, Nagai R, Carson JA, Thorpe SR, Baynes JW. Succination of thiol groups in adipose tissue proteins in diabetes: succination inhibits polymerization and secretion of adiponectin. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:25772-81. [PMID: 19592500 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.019257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
S-(2-Succinyl)cysteine (2SC) is formed by reaction of the Krebs cycle intermediate fumarate with cysteine residues in protein, a process termed succination of protein. Both fumarate and succination of proteins are increased in adipocytes cultured in high glucose medium (Nagai, R., Brock, J. W., Blatnik, M., Baatz, J. E., Bethard, J., Walla, M. D., Thorpe, S. R., Baynes, J. W., and Frizzell, N. (2007) J. Biol. Chem. 282, 34219-34228). We show here that succination of protein is also increased in epididymal, mesenteric, and subcutaneous adipose tissue of diabetic (db/db) mice and that adiponectin is a major target for succination in both adipocytes and adipose tissue. Cys-39, which is involved in cross-linking of adiponectin monomers to form trimers, was identified as a key site of succination of adiponectin in adipocytes. 2SC was detected on two of seven monomeric forms of adiponectin immunoprecipitated from adipocytes and epididymal adipose tissue. Based on densitometry, 2SC-adiponectin accounted for approximately 7 and 8% of total intracellular adiponectin in cells and tissue, respectively. 2SC was found only in the intracellular, monomeric forms of adiponectin and was not detectable in polymeric forms of adiponectin in cell culture medium or plasma. We conclude that succination of adiponectin blocks its incorporation into trimeric and higher molecular weight, secreted forms of adiponectin. We propose that succination of proteins is a biomarker of mitochondrial stress and accumulation of Krebs cycle intermediates in adipose tissue in diabetes and that succination of adiponectin may contribute to the decrease in plasma adiponectin in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Frizzell
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
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