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Lemos-Costa P, Miller ZR, Allesina S. Phylogeny structures species' interactions in experimental ecological communities. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14490. [PMID: 39152685 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Species' traits and interactions are products of evolutionary history. Despite the long-standing hypothesis that closely related species possess similar traits, and thus experience stronger competition, measuring the effect of evolutionary history on the ecology of natural communities remains challenging. We propose a novel framework to test whether phylogeny influences patterns of coexistence and abundance of species assemblages. In our approach, phylogenetic trees are used to parameterize species' interactions, which in turn determine the abundance of species in a given assemblage. We use likelihoods to score models parameterized with a given phylogeny, and contrast them with models built using random trees, allowing us to test whether phylogenetic information helps to predict species' abundances. Our statistical framework reveals that interactions are indeed structured by phylogeny in a large set of experimental plant communities. Our results confirm that evolutionary history can help predict, and potentially manage or conserve, the structure and function of complex ecological communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Lemos-Costa
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Zachary R Miller
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Stefano Allesina
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Northwestern Institute on Complex Systems, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
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Messeder JVS, Carlo TA, Zhang G, Tovar JD, Arana C, Huang J, Huang CH, Ma H. A highly resolved nuclear phylogeny uncovers strong phylogenetic conservatism and correlated evolution of fruit color and size in Solanum L. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:765-780. [PMID: 38798267 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Mutualisms between plants and fruit-eating animals were key to the radiation of angiosperms. Still, phylogenetic uncertainties limit our understanding of fleshy-fruit evolution, as in the case of Solanum, a genus with remarkable fleshy-fruit diversity, but with unresolved phylogenetic relationships. We used 1786 nuclear genes from 247 species, including 122 newly generated transcriptomes/genomes, to reconstruct the Solanum phylogeny and examine the tempo and mode of the evolution of fruit color and size. Our analysis resolved the backbone phylogeny of Solanum, providing high support for its clades. Our results pushed back the origin of Solanum to 53.1 million years ago (Ma), with most major clades diverging between 35 and 27 Ma. Evolution of Solanum fruit color and size revealed high levels of trait conservatism, where medium-sized berries that remain green when ripe are the likely ancestral form. Our analyses revealed that fruit size and color are evolutionary correlated, where dull-colored fruits are two times larger than black/purple and red fruits. We conclude that the strong phylogenetic conservatism shown in the color and size of Solanum fruits could limit the influences of fruit-eating animals on fleshy-fruit evolution. Our findings highlight the importance of phylogenetic constraints on the diversification of fleshy-fruit functional traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Vitor S Messeder
- Department of Biology, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Graduate Program in Ecology, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Tomás A Carlo
- Department of Biology, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Graduate Program in Ecology, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Guojin Zhang
- Department of Biology, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Juan David Tovar
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM, 69060-001, Brazil
| | - César Arana
- Museo de Historia Natural and Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, 15072, Peru
| | - Jie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, Center of Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Chien-Hsun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, Center of Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biology of Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Biology, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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Martins A, Collart F, Sim‐Sim M, Patiño J. Ecological drivers of taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of bryophytes in an oceanic island. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e70023. [PMID: 39055776 PMCID: PMC11269207 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.70023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Montane oceanic islands possess unique geographic and ecological attributes, rendering them valuable for assessing patterns and drivers of alpha and beta taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity along elevational gradients. Such comparisons of diversity facets can provide insights into the mechanisms governing community assembly on islands. Herein, we aimed to characterize taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic bryophyte diversity on Madeira Island within and across areas at varying elevations. We also assessed how these diversity facets for the alpha and beta components relate to ecological and anthropogenic factors. We estimated and compared alpha and beta taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity using 80 plots of 0.5 m × 0.5 m across the whole elevational gradient of the island. We compiled trait databases and supplemented them with our own observations. Phylogenetic information was sourced from the Moss and Liverwort Tree of Life. To assess the impact of ecological and anthropogenic factors on the three facets, we applied linear mixed-effects models and generalized dissimilarity models to alpha- and beta-diversity matrices, respectively. All facets of diversity exhibited strong correlations within both mosses and liverworts, indicating a substantial congruence when alpha and beta are analyzed separately. The bryophyte groups categorized by the growth form demonstrated contrasting patterns, aligning with their distinctive ecological requirements. While a mid-elevation peak emerged as a common pattern across the three facets of alpha diversity, beta diversity often displayed the opposite trend. Although the relative influence of environmental factors varied depending on the diversity facet and bryophyte grouping considered, we found that alpha and beta diversity of bryophytes are more influenced by climatic factors and the predominant type of vegetation than by anthropogenic factors. In the current context of global change, these results should be interpreted with caution, but they point to the resilience of bryophytes to survive in relatively well-preserved natural microhabitats within anthropogenic landscapes. In this study on Madeira Island, we investigated patterns and drivers of alpha and beta taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity along elevational gradients. We found that alpha and beta diversity of bryophytes are more strongly influenced by climatic factors and the predominant type of vegetation than by anthropogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabela Martins
- cE3c—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute/MUHNAC—Museu Nacional de História Natural e da CiênciaUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | - Flavien Collart
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Manuela Sim‐Sim
- cE3c—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute/MUHNAC—Museu Nacional de História Natural e da CiênciaUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências, cE3c—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability InstituteUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | - Jairo Patiño
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA‐CSIC)La LagunaSpain
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología VegetalUniversidad de La LagunaLa LagunaSpain
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Huang J, Wang Q, Sanchez-Martinez P, El-Kassaby YA, Jia Q, Xie Y, Guan W, Zang R. Phylogenetic conservatism and coordination in traits of Chinese woody endemic flora. iScience 2024; 27:109885. [PMID: 38799551 PMCID: PMC11126960 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Range-limited endemic species, often labeled as endangered due to their low adaptability to climate change, exhibit unclear evolutionary mechanisms influencing their distribution. This study explores the relationship between leaf length, maximum height, and seed diameter and their linkage to phylogeny and climate in the macroecology of 1,370 woody endemics. Using Bayesian analytical method that allows partitioning phylogenetic and environmental variances and covariance, we revealed moderate to high phylogenetic signals in these traits, indicating evolutionary constraints potentially impacting climate change adaptability. The study uncovered a phylogenetically conserved coordination between height and leaf length which showed to be independent of macroecological patterns of temperature and precipitation. These findings emphasize the role of phylogenetic ancestry in shaping the distribution of woody endemics, highlighting the need for prioritized in-situ conservation and providing insights for ex situ conservation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Huang
- Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
- Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
- Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
- Ecological Technical Research Institute (Beijing) CO., Ltd., CIECC, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Pablo Sanchez-Martinez
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autòonoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yousry A. El-Kassaby
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Qiang Jia
- Ecological Technical Research Institute (Beijing) CO., Ltd., CIECC, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yifei Xie
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Nanling Plant Resources Protection and Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Wenbin Guan
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Runguo Zang
- Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
- Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
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Nzei JM, Martínez-Médez N, Mwanzia VM, Kurauka JK, Wang QF, Li ZZ, Chen JM. Climatic niche evolution and niche conservatism of Nymphaea species in Africa, South America, and Australia. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:476. [PMID: 38816799 PMCID: PMC11137912 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05141-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interest in the evolution of climatic niches, particularly in understanding the potential adaptive responses of species under climate change, has increased both theoretically and within macroecological studies. These studies have provided valuable insights into how climatic traits of species influence their niche evolution. In this study, we aim to investigate whether niche conservatism plays a role in the species diversification of Nymphaea, a group of aquatic plants with a cosmopolitan distribution that is facing severe habitat loss. We will use climatic models and phylogenetic data for 23 species to reconstruct Nymphaea's niche evolution, measure niche overlap, and assess disparity through time while testing for evolutionary models. RESULTS There was a lot of overlap in niches both within and between groups, especially for species that can be found in many places. The breadth and peaks of the niche profile varied depending on the bioclimatic variables, which suggested that the species evolved differently to cope with changes in climate. The analysis also showed that evolutionary changes happened across the phylogeny, with weak to moderate signals. The morphological disparity index (MDI) values indicated that there were disparities within subclades over time but not between or among them. Niche reconstruction and evolution analysis revealed both convergent and divergent evolution among various variables. For example, N. immutabilis, N. atrans, N. violancea, and N. nouchali evolved towards intermediate temperatures for bio2 and bio3 (isothermity) while moving towards extreme temperatures for bio8 and bio9 (wettest and driest average quarterly temperatures). CONCLUSION Our study will improve our understanding of how changes in climatic niches are potentially driving the evolution of Nymphaea. It has significant scientific implications for the limits, assemblages, evolution, and diversification of species. This information is crucial for the ongoing efforts of conservation and management, particularly considering the inevitable effects of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Nzei
- Aquatic Plant Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Norberto Martínez-Médez
- Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Virginia M Mwanzia
- School of Agriculture Technical Studies and Natural Sciences, Lukenya University, P.O Box 90-90128, Mtito Andei, Kenya
| | - Joseph K Kurauka
- School of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Qing-Feng Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution & Ecological Restoration, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhi-Zhong Li
- Aquatic Plant Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution & Ecological Restoration, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Jin-Ming Chen
- Aquatic Plant Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution & Ecological Restoration, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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Gayford JH, Brazeau MD, Naylor GJP. Evolutionary trends in the elasmobranch neurocranium. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11471. [PMID: 38769415 PMCID: PMC11106257 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The neurocranium (braincase) is one of the defining vertebrate characters. Housing the brain and other key sensory organs, articulating with the jaws and contributing to the shape of the anteriormost portion of the body, the braincase is undoubtedly of great functional importance. Through studying relationships between braincase shape and ecology we can gain an improved understanding of form-function relationships in extant and fossil taxa. Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays) represent an important case study of vertebrate braincase diversity as their neurocranium is simplified and somewhat decoupled from other components of the cranium relative to other vertebrates. Little is known about the associations between ecology and braincase shape in this clade. In this study we report patterns of mosaic cranial evolution in Elasmobranchii that differ significantly from those present in other clades. The degree of evolutionary modularity also differs between Selachii and Batoidea. In both cases innovation in the jaw suspension appears to have driven shifts in patterns of integration and modularity, subsequently facilitating ecological diversification. Our results confirm the importance of water depth and biogeography as drivers of elasmobranch cranial diversity and indicate that skeletal articulation between the neurocranium and jaws represents a major constraint upon the evolution of braincase shape in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel H Gayford
- Department of Life Sciences, Silwood Park Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Shark Measurements, London, UK.
| | - Martin D Brazeau
- Department of Life Sciences, Silwood Park Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
- The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Gavin J P Naylor
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Liu X, Zhou S, Hu J, Zou X, Tie L, Li Y, Cui X, Huang C, Sardans J, Peñuelas J. Variations and trade-offs in leaf and culm functional traits among 77 woody bamboo species. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:387. [PMID: 38724946 PMCID: PMC11084126 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05108-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Woody bamboos are the only diverse large perennial grasses in mesic-wet forests and are widely distributed in the understory and canopy. The functional trait variations and trade-offs in this taxon remain unclear due to woody bamboo syndromes (represented by lignified culm of composed internodes and nodes). Here, we examined the effects of heritable legacy and occurrence site climates on functional trait variations in leaf and culm across 77 woody bamboo species in a common garden. We explored the trade-offs among leaf functional traits, the connection between leaf nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) concentrations and functional niche traits, and the correlation of functional traits between leaves and culms. RESULTS The Bayesian mixed models reveal that the combined effects of heritable legacy (phylogenetic distances and other evolutionary processes) and occurrence site climates accounted for 55.10-90.89% of the total variation among species for each studied trait. The standardized major axis analysis identified trade-offs among leaf functional traits in woody bamboo consistent with the global leaf economics spectrum; however, compared to non-bamboo species, the woody bamboo exhibited lower leaf mass per area but higher N, P concentrations and assimilation, dark respiration rates. The canonical correlation analysis demonstrated a positive correlation (ρ = 0.57, P-value < 0.001) between leaf N, P concentrations and morphophysiology traits. The phylogenetic principal components and trait network analyses indicated that leaf and culm traits were clustered separately, with leaf assimilation and respiration rates associated with culm ground diameter. CONCLUSION Our study confirms the applicability of the leaf economics spectrum and the biogeochemical niche in woody bamboo taxa, improves the understanding of woody bamboo leaf and culm functional trait variations and trade-offs, and broadens the taxonomic units considered in plant functional trait studies, which contributes to our comprehensive understanding of terrestrial forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Liu
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, SICAU, Chengdu, 611130, China
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, 08193, Spain
- Global Ecology Unit, CSIC, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia, 08193, Spain
| | - Shixing Zhou
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, SICAU, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Junxi Hu
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, SICAU, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xingcheng Zou
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, SICAU, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Liehua Tie
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Xinglei Cui
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, SICAU, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Congde Huang
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, SICAU, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, 08193, Spain
- Global Ecology Unit, CSIC, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia, 08193, Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, 08193, Spain
- Global Ecology Unit, CSIC, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia, 08193, Spain
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Xiang QY(J, Kivlin SN, Soltis DE, Yu S, Chu H, Soltis PS, Zhao Y. Editorial: Mapping microbial diversity onto the phylogeny of associated plant species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1421637. [PMID: 38751832 PMCID: PMC11094311 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1421637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Yun (Jenny) Xiang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Stephanie N. Kivlin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Douglas E. Soltis
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Shixiao Yu
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Chu
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Pamela S. Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Yunpeng Zhao
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Hou J, McCormack ML, Reich PB, Sun T, Phillips RP, Lambers H, Chen HYH, Ding Y, Comas LH, Valverde-Barrantes OJ, Solly EF, Freschet GT. Linking fine root lifespan to root chemical and morphological traits-A global analysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2320623121. [PMID: 38607930 PMCID: PMC11032481 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2320623121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Fine root lifespan is a critical trait associated with contrasting root strategies of resource acquisition and protection. Yet, its position within the multidimensional "root economics space" synthesizing global root economics strategies is largely uncertain, and it is rarely represented in frameworks integrating plant trait variations. Here, we compiled the most comprehensive dataset of absorptive median root lifespan (MRL) data including 98 observations from 79 woody species using (mini-)rhizotrons across 40 sites and linked MRL to other plant traits to address questions of the regulators of MRL at large spatial scales. We demonstrate that MRL not only decreases with plant investment in root nitrogen (associated with more metabolically active tissues) but also increases with construction of larger diameter roots which is often associated with greater plant reliance on mycorrhizal symbionts. Although theories linking organ structure and function suggest that root traits should play a role in modulating MRL, we found no correlation between root traits associated with structural defense (root tissue density and specific root length) and MRL. Moreover, fine root and leaf lifespan were globally unrelated, except among evergreen species, suggesting contrasting evolutionary selection between leaves and roots facing contrasting environmental influences above vs. belowground. At large geographic scales, MRL was typically longer at sites with lower mean annual temperature and higher mean annual precipitation. Overall, this synthesis uncovered several key ecophysiological covariates and environmental drivers of MRL, highlighting broad avenues for accurate parametrization of global biogeochemical models and the understanding of ecosystem response to global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Hou
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang110016, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | | | - Peter B. Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN55108
- Institute for Global Change Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109
- Hawkesbury Institute Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW2753, Australia
| | - Tao Sun
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang110016, China
| | | | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA6009, Australia
| | - Han Y. H. Chen
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ONP7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Yiyang Ding
- Department of Forest Sciences/Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki, HelsinkiFI-00014, Finland
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, HelsinkiFI-00014, Finland
| | - Louise H. Comas
- Department of Soil & Crop Science, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO80523
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Water Management Research Unit, Ft. Collins, CO80526
| | | | - Emily F. Solly
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research–Umwelt Forschungs Zentrum, Leipzig04318, Germany
| | - Gregoire T. Freschet
- Station d’écologie théorique et expérimentale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Moulis09200, France
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10
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Hu Y, Schäfer KVR, Hu S, Zhou W, Xiang D, Zeng Y, Ouyang S, Chen L, Lei P, Deng X, Zhao Z, Fang X, Xiang W. Woody species with higher hydraulic efficiency or lower photosynthetic capacity discriminate more against 13C at the global scale. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168172. [PMID: 37939937 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Leaf carbon isotope composition (δ13C) provides an integrative record on the carbon and water balance of plants over long periods. Photosynthetic ability and hydraulic traits which are highly associated with stomatal behavior could affect leaf δ13C. Association between photosynthetic ability and leaf δ13C has been examined, however, how hydraulic traits influence leaf δ13C has not been fully understood. To fill this gap, we investigated the variations in leaf δ13C among 2591 woody species (547 shrub and 2044 tree species), and analyzed the link of leaf δ13C with leaf photosynthetic and xylem hydraulic traits. Our result showed that leaf δ13C was positively correlated to leaf photosynthetic ability and capacity. For hydraulic traits, leaf δ13C was negatively related to hydraulic conductivity (Ks), xylem pressure inducing 50 % loss of hydraulic conductivity (P50) and vessel diameter (Vdia). Associations of leaf δ13C with xylem hydraulic traits indicate woody species with stronger hydraulic safety discriminated less against 13C, while woody species with higher hydraulic efficiency had more negative leaf δ13C. Shrub species, which showed a lower Vdia and P50, had a significant less negative leaf δ13C than tree species. Furthermore, woody species inhabiting in dry regions discriminated less against 13C than those growing in humid regions. Moreover, leaf δ13C displayed a low phylogenetic signal based on Blomberg's K statistic. Overall, woody species with a higher leaf photosynthetic ability or stronger hydraulic safety system discriminated less against 13C and adopt the provident water use strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Hu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China; Huitong National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystems in Hunan Province, Huitong, Hunan 438107, China
| | - Karina V R Schäfer
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, 195 University Avenue, Newark 07102, NJ, USA
| | - Songjiang Hu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Wenneng Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Dong Xiang
- Forestry Bureau of Huaihua Perfecture, Huaihua 418099, Hunan, China
| | - Yelin Zeng
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China; Huitong National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystems in Hunan Province, Huitong, Hunan 438107, China
| | - Shuai Ouyang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China; Huitong National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystems in Hunan Province, Huitong, Hunan 438107, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China; Huitong National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystems in Hunan Province, Huitong, Hunan 438107, China
| | - Pifeng Lei
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China; Huitong National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystems in Hunan Province, Huitong, Hunan 438107, China
| | - Xiangwen Deng
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China; Huitong National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystems in Hunan Province, Huitong, Hunan 438107, China
| | - Zhonghui Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China; Huitong National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystems in Hunan Province, Huitong, Hunan 438107, China
| | - Xi Fang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China; Huitong National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystems in Hunan Province, Huitong, Hunan 438107, China
| | - Wenhua Xiang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China; Huitong National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystems in Hunan Province, Huitong, Hunan 438107, China.
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11
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Liska O, Boross G, Rocabert C, Szappanos B, Tengölics R, Papp B. Principles of metabolome conservation in animals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2302147120. [PMID: 37603743 PMCID: PMC10468614 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2302147120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolite levels shape cellular physiology and disease susceptibility, yet the general principles governing metabolome evolution are largely unknown. Here, we introduce a measure of conservation of individual metabolite levels among related species. By analyzing multispecies tissue metabolome datasets in phylogenetically diverse mammals and fruit flies, we show that conservation varies extensively across metabolites. Three major functional properties, metabolite abundance, essentiality, and association with human diseases predict conservation, highlighting a striking parallel between the evolutionary forces driving metabolome and protein sequence conservation. Metabolic network simulations recapitulated these general patterns and revealed that abundant metabolites are highly conserved due to their strong coupling to key metabolic fluxes in the network. Finally, we show that biomarkers of metabolic diseases can be distinguished from other metabolites simply based on evolutionary conservation, without requiring any prior clinical knowledge. Overall, this study uncovers simple rules that govern metabolic evolution in animals and implies that most tissue metabolome differences between species are permitted, rather than favored by natural selection. More broadly, our work paves the way toward using evolutionary information to identify biomarkers, as well as to detect pathogenic metabolome alterations in individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Liska
- Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine - Biological Research Centre Metabolic Systems Biology Lab, 6728Szeged, Hungary
- National Laboratory of Biotechnology, Synthetic and System Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 6726Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, 6726Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Boross
- National Laboratory of Biotechnology, Synthetic and System Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 6726Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, City of Palo Alto, CA94305-5020
| | - Charles Rocabert
- National Laboratory of Biotechnology, Synthetic and System Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 6726Szeged, Hungary
- Inria, 78150Rocquencourt, 69100Villeurbanne, France
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, 00014Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Computational Cell Biology, Heinrich-Heine Universität, 40225Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Balázs Szappanos
- Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine - Biological Research Centre Metabolic Systems Biology Lab, 6728Szeged, Hungary
- National Laboratory of Biotechnology, Synthetic and System Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 6726Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, 6726Szeged, Hungary
| | - Roland Tengölics
- Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine - Biological Research Centre Metabolic Systems Biology Lab, 6728Szeged, Hungary
- National Laboratory of Biotechnology, Synthetic and System Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 6726Szeged, Hungary
- Metabolomics Lab, Core facilities, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 6726Szeged, Hungary
| | - Balázs Papp
- Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine - Biological Research Centre Metabolic Systems Biology Lab, 6728Szeged, Hungary
- National Laboratory of Biotechnology, Synthetic and System Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 6726Szeged, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Health Security, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 6726Szeged, Hungary
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12
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Starko S, Fifer JE, Claar DC, Davies SW, Cunning R, Baker AC, Baum JK. Marine heatwaves threaten cryptic coral diversity and erode associations among coevolving partners. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf0954. [PMID: 37566650 PMCID: PMC10421036 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf0954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Climate change-amplified marine heatwaves can drive extensive mortality in foundation species. However, a paucity of longitudinal genomic datasets has impeded understanding of how these rapid selection events alter cryptic genetic structure. Heatwave impacts may be exacerbated in species that engage in obligate symbioses, where the genetics of multiple coevolving taxa may be affected. Here, we tracked the symbiotic associations of reef-building corals for 6 years through a prolonged heatwave, including known survivorship for 79 of 315 colonies. Coral genetics strongly predicted survival of the ubiquitous coral, Porites (massive growth form), with variable survival (15 to 61%) across three morphologically indistinguishable-but genetically distinct-lineages. The heatwave also disrupted strong associations between these coral lineages and their algal symbionts (family Symbiodiniaceae), with symbiotic turnover in some colonies, resulting in reduced specificity across lineages. These results highlight how heatwaves can threaten cryptic genotypes and decouple otherwise tightly coevolved relationships between hosts and symbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Starko
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 Station CSC, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - James E. Fifer
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Danielle C. Claar
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 Station CSC, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
- Washington Department of Natural Resources, Olympia, WA 98504, USA
| | - Sarah W. Davies
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ross Cunning
- Daniel P. Haerther Center for Conservation and Research, John G. Shedd Aquarium, 1200 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
| | - Andrew C. Baker
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA
| | - Julia K. Baum
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 Station CSC, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii, Kaneohe, HI 96744, USA
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13
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Yang J, Wang Z, Pan Y, Zheng Y. Woody plant functional traits and phylogenetic signals correlate with urbanization in remnant forest patches. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10366. [PMID: 37529580 PMCID: PMC10388403 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Exploring the alterations in functional traits of urban remnant vegetation offers a more comprehensive perspective on plant assembly within the context of urbanization. While plant functional traits are influenced by both environmental gradients and the evolutionary history of plant species, the specific mechanisms by which urbanization mediates the combination of functional traits and the evolutionary history of remnant vegetation remain unclear. To examine the relationship between functional traits and phylogenies of remnant vegetation and urbanization, we classified the woody plant species surveyed in 72 sample plots in nine remnant forest patches in Guiyang, China, into four groups (urban, rural, middle and general groups) according to their location under different levels of urbanization and measured nine functional traits of these species. The phylogenetic signals of each functional trait of the four species groups were then quantified based on Blomberg's K. Furthermore, we analysed the correlations between functional traits and species abundance using phylogenetic generalized least squares. The results showed that significant phylogenetic signals were detected in more functional traits of the urban group than other groups. Thirteen and three significant relationships between functional traits and species abundance were detected for tree and shrub species after removing phylogenies. Tall tree species were more abundant in the urban group, while the general group favoured the species with adaptable traits (low height and high leaf area and C/N). Overall, we demonstrate that urbanization drove shifts in plant functional traits in remnant forests after combining the phylogenetic patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Yang
- College of ForestryGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Zijin Wang
- College of ForestryGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Ying Pan
- College of ForestryGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Yanjun Zheng
- College of ForestryGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
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14
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Rader JA, Matute DR. Isotopic niches do not follow the expectations of niche conservatism in the bird genus Cinclodes. J Evol Biol 2023; 36:1185-1197. [PMID: 37428811 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic traits are expected to be more similar among closely related species than among species that diverged long ago (all else being equal). This pattern, known as phylogenetic niche conservatism, also applies to traits that are important to determine the niche of species. To test this hypothesis on ecological niches, we analysed isotopic data from 254 museum study skins from 12 of the 16 species of the bird genus Cinclodes and measured stable isotope ratios for four different elements: carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen. We find that all traits, measured individually, or as a composite measurement, lack any phylogenetic signal, which in turn suggests a high level of lability in ecological niches. We compared these metrics to the measurements of morphological traits in the same genus and found that isotopic niches are uniquely evolutionarily labile compared to other traits. Our results suggest that, in Cinclodes, the realized niche evolves much faster than expected by the constraints of phylogenetic history and poses the question of whether this is a general pattern across the tree of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Rader
- Dept. of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel R Matute
- Dept. of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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15
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Qian H. Intercontinental comparison of phylogenetic relatedness in introduced plants at the transition from naturalization to invasion: A case study on the floras of South Africa and China. PLANT DIVERSITY 2023; 45:363-368. [PMID: 37601543 PMCID: PMC10435906 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Invasive species may pose significant threats to biodiversity and ecosystem structure and functioning. The number of introduced species that have become invasive is substantial and is rapidly increasing. Identifying potentially invasive species and preventing their expansion are of critical importance in invasion ecology. Phylogenetic relatedness between invasive and native species has been used in predicting invasion success. Previous studies on the phylogenetic relatedness of plants at the transition from naturalization to invasion have shown mixed results, which may be because different methods were used in different studies. Here, I use the same method to analyze two comprehensive data sets from South Africa and China, using two phylogenetic metrics reflecting deep and shallow evolutionary histories, to address the question whether the probability of becoming invasive is higher for naturalized species distantly related to the native flora. My study suggests that the probability of becoming invasive is higher for naturalized species closely related to the native flora. The finding of my study is consistent with Darwin's preadaptation hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Qian
- Research and Collections Center, Illinois State Museum, 1011 East Ash Street, Springfield, IL 62703, USA
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16
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Griffith DM, Byrd KB, Anderegg LDL, Allan E, Gatziolis D, Roberts D, Yacoub R, Nemani RR. Capturing patterns of evolutionary relatedness with reflectance spectra to model and monitor biodiversity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2215533120. [PMID: 37276404 PMCID: PMC10268299 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2215533120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biogeographic history can set initial conditions for vegetation community assemblages that determine their climate responses at broad extents that land surface models attempt to forecast. Numerous studies have indicated that evolutionarily conserved biochemical, structural, and other functional attributes of plant species are captured in visible-to-short wavelength infrared, 400 to 2,500 nm, reflectance properties of vegetation. Here, we present a remotely sensed phylogenetic clustering and an evolutionary framework to accommodate spectra, distributions, and traits. Spectral properties evolutionarily conserved in plants provide the opportunity to spatially aggregate species into lineages (interpreted as "lineage functional types" or LFT) with improved classification accuracy. In this study, we use Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer data from the 2013 Hyperspectral Infrared Imager campaign over the southern Sierra Nevada, California flight box, to investigate the potential for incorporating evolutionary thinking into landcover classification. We link the airborne hyperspectral data with vegetation plot data from 1372 surveys and a phylogeny representing 1,572 species. Despite temporal and spatial differences in our training data, we classified plant lineages with moderate reliability (Kappa = 0.76) and overall classification accuracy of 80.9%. We present an assessment of classification error and detail study limitations to facilitate future LFT development. This work demonstrates that lineage-based methods may be a promising way to leverage the new-generation high-resolution and high return-interval hyperspectral data planned for the forthcoming satellite missions with sparsely sampled existing ground-based ecological data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M. Griffith
- US Geological Survey Western Geographic Science Center, Moffett Field, CA94035
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA94035
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT06459
- Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR97331
| | - Kristin B. Byrd
- US Geological Survey Western Geographic Science Center, Moffett Field, CA94035
| | - Leander D. L. Anderegg
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA93106
| | - Elijah Allan
- Shonto Chapter, Diné (Navajo) Nation, Shonto, AZ86054
| | - Demetrios Gatziolis
- United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR97204
| | - Dar Roberts
- Department of Geography, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA93106
| | - Rosie Yacoub
- California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Vegetation Classification and Mapping Program, Sacramento, CA95811
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17
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Wan X, Zhang L, Lehtonen S, Tuomisto H, Zhang DW, Gao XF, Zhang LB. Five long-distance dispersals shaped the major intercontinental disjunctions in Tectariaceae s.l. (Polypodiales, Polypodiopsida). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023:107845. [PMID: 37301485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Intercontinental disjunct distributions can arise either from vicariance, from long-distance dispersal, or through extinction of an ancestral population with a broader distribution. Tectariaceae s.l., a clade of ferns in Polypodiales with ca. 300 species mainly distributed in the tropics and subtropics, provide an excellent opportunity to investigate global distribution patterns. Here, we assembled a dataset of eight plastid markers and one nuclear marker of 636 (92% increase of the earlier largest sampling) accessions representing ca. 210 species of all eight genera in Tectariaceae s.l. (Arthropteridaceae, Pteridryaceae, and Tectariaceae s.s.) and 35 species of other families of eupolypods Ⅰ. A new phylogeny is reconstructed to study the biogeography and trait-associated diversification. Our major results include: (1) a distinct lineage of Tectaria sister to the rest of the American Tectaria is identified; (2) Tectariaceae s.l., and the three families: Arthropteridaceae (Arthropteris), Pteridryaceae (Draconopteris, Malaifilix, Polydictyum, Pteridrys), and Tectariaceae s.s. (Hypoderris, Tectaria, and Triplophyllum), might have all originated in late Cretaceous; (3) only five intercontinental dispersals occurred in Pteridryaceae and Tectariaceae s.s. giving rise to their current intercontinental disjunction; (4) we provide the second evidence in ferns that a long-distance dispersal between Malesia and Americas during the Paleocene to Eocene led to the establishment/origin of a new genus (Draconopteris); and (5) diversification rate of each state of leaf dissection is different, and the lowest is in the simple-leaved taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wan
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Liang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China; Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Samuli Lehtonen
- Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Hanna Tuomisto
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Da-Wei Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xin-Fen Gao
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li-Bing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
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18
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Jantzen JR, Laliberté E, Carteron A, Beauchamp-Rioux R, Blanchard F, Crofts AL, Girard A, Hacker PW, Pardo J, Schweiger AK, Demers-Thibeault S, Coops NC, Kalacska M, Vellend M, Bruneau A. Evolutionary history explains foliar spectral differences between arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal plant species. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:2651-2667. [PMID: 36960543 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Leaf spectra are integrated foliar phenotypes that capture a range of traits and can provide insight into ecological processes. Leaf traits, and therefore leaf spectra, may reflect belowground processes such as mycorrhizal associations. However, evidence for the relationship between leaf traits and mycorrhizal association is mixed, and few studies account for shared evolutionary history. We conduct partial least squares discriminant analysis to assess the ability of spectra to predict mycorrhizal type. We model the evolution of leaf spectra for 92 vascular plant species and use phylogenetic comparative methods to assess differences in spectral properties between arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal plant species. Partial least squares discriminant analysis classified spectra by mycorrhizal type with 90% (arbuscular) and 85% (ectomycorrhizal) accuracy. Univariate models of principal components identified multiple spectral optima corresponding with mycorrhizal type due to the close relationship between mycorrhizal type and phylogeny. Importantly, we found that spectra of arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal species do not statistically differ from each other after accounting for phylogeny. While mycorrhizal type can be predicted from spectra, enabling the use of spectra to identify belowground traits using remote sensing, this is due to evolutionary history and not because of fundamental differences in leaf spectra due to mycorrhizal type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna R Jantzen
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Etienne Laliberté
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Alexis Carteron
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Rosalie Beauchamp-Rioux
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Florence Blanchard
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Anna L Crofts
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2X9, Canada
| | - Alizée Girard
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Paul W Hacker
- Department of Forest Resources Management, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Juliana Pardo
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Anna K Schweiger
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
- Department of Geography, Remote Sensing Laboratories, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Demers-Thibeault
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Nicholas C Coops
- Department of Forest Resources Management, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Margaret Kalacska
- Department of Geography, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 0B9, Canada
| | - Mark Vellend
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2X9, Canada
| | - Anne Bruneau
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
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19
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Brodie JF, Henao-Diaz LF, Pratama B, Copeland C, Wheeler T, Helmy OE. Fruit Size in Indo-Malayan Island Plants Is More Strongly Influenced by Filtering than by In Situ Evolution. Am Nat 2023; 201:574-585. [PMID: 36957999 DOI: 10.1086/723212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
AbstractCommunity trait assembly, the formation of distributions of phenotypic characteristics across coexisting species, can occur via two main processes: filtering of trait distributions from the regional pool and in situ phenotypic evolution in local communities. But the relative importance of these processes remains unclear, largely because of the difficulty in determining the timing of evolutionary trait changes and biogeographic dispersal events in phylogenies. We assessed evolutionary and biogeographic transitions in woody plant species across the Indo-Malay archipelago, a series of island groups where the same plant lineages interact with different seed disperser and seed predator assemblages. Fruit size in 2,650 taxa spanning the angiosperm tree of life tended to be smaller in the Sulawesi and Maluku island groups, where frugivores are less diverse and smaller bodied, than in the regional source pool. While numerous plant lineages (not just small-fruited ones) reached the isolated islands, colonists tended to be the smaller-fruited members of each clade. Nearly all of the evolutionary transitions to smaller fruit size predated, often substantially, organismal dispersal to the islands. Our results suggest that filtering rather than within-island evolution largely determined the distribution of fruit sizes in these regions.
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Uluar O, Yahyaoğlu Ö, Başıbüyük HH, Çıplak B. Taxonomy of the rear-edge populations: the case of genus Anterastes (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae). ORG DIVERS EVOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-023-00602-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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21
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Marsden GE, Vosloo D, Schoeman MC. Urban tolerance is phylogenetically constrained and mediated by pre-adaptations in African bats. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9840. [PMID: 36911303 PMCID: PMC9994473 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
With increasing urbanization, particularly in developing countries, it is important to understand how local biota will respond to such landscape changes. Bats comprise one of the most diverse groups of mammals in urban areas, and many species are threatened by habitat destruction and land use change. Yet, in Africa, the response of bats to urban areas is relatively understudied. Therefore, we collated data on urban presence, phylogenetic relationship, and ecological traits of 54 insectivorous bats in Africa from available literature to test if their response to urbanization was phylogenetically and/or ecologically driven. Ancestral state reconstruction of urban tolerance, defined by functional group and presence observed in urban areas, suggests that ancestral African bat species could adapt to urban landscapes, and significant phylogenetic signal for urban tolerance indicates that this ability is evolutionarily conserved and mediated by pre-adaptations. Specifically, traits of high wing loading and aspect ratio, and flexible roosting strategies, enable occupancy of urban areas. Therefore, our results identify the traits that predict which bat species will likely occur in urban areas, and which vulnerable bat clades conservation efforts should focus on to reduce loss of both functional and phylogenetic diversity in Africa. We, additionally, highlight several gaps in research that should be investigated in future studies to provide better monitoring of the impact urbanization will have on African bats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve E Marsden
- Centre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal Durban South Africa
| | - Dalene Vosloo
- Centre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal Durban South Africa
| | - M Corrie Schoeman
- School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal Durban South Africa
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22
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Qian H. Patterns of phylogenetic relatedness of non-native plants across the introduction-naturalization-invasion continuum in China. PLANT DIVERSITY 2023; 45:169-176. [PMID: 37069929 PMCID: PMC10105130 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Human activities have caused the exchange of species among different parts of the world. When introduced species become naturalized and invasive, they may cause great negative impacts on the environment and human societies, and pose significant threats to biodiversity and ecosystem structure. Knowledge on phylogenetic relatedness between native and non-native species and among non-native species at different stages of species invasion may help for better understanding the drivers of species invasion. Here, I analyze a comprehensive data set including both native and non-native angiosperm species in China to determine phylogenetic relatedness of introduced species across a full invasion continuum (from introduction through naturalization to invasion). This study found that (1) introduced plants are a phylogenetically clustered subset of overall (i.e. native plus non-native) angiosperm flora, (2) naturalized plants are a phylogenetically clustered subset of introduced plants, and (3) invasive plants are a phylogenetically clustered subset of naturalized plants. These patterns hold regardless of spatial scales examined (i.e. national versus provincial scale) and whether basal- or tip-weighted metric of phylogenetic relatedness is considered. These findings are consistent with Darwin's preadaptation hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Qian
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Research and Collections Center, Illinois State Museum, 1011 East Ash Street, Springfield, IL 62703, USA
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Liu Z, Zhao M, Zhang H, Ren T, Liu C, He N. Divergent response and adaptation of specific leaf area to environmental change at different spatio-temporal scales jointly improve plant survival. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1144-1159. [PMID: 36349544 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Specific leaf area (SLA) is one of the most important plant functional traits. It integrates multiple functions and reflects strategies of plants to obtain resources. How plants employ different strategies (e.g., through SLA) to respond to dynamic environmental conditions remains poorly understood. This study aimed to explore the spatial variation in SLA and its divergent adaptation through the lens of biogeographic patterns, evolutionary history, and short-term responses. SLA data for 5424 plant species from 76 natural communities in China were systematically measured and integrated with meta-analysis of field experiments (i.e., global warming, drought, and nitrogen addition). The mean value of SLA across all species was 21.8 m2 kg-1 , ranging from 0.9 to 110.2 m2 kg-1 . SLA differed among different ecosystems, temperature zones, vegetation types, and functional groups. Phylogeny had a weak effect on SLA, but plant species evolved toward higher SLA. Furthermore, SLA responded nonlinearly to environmental change. Unexpectedly, radiation was one of the main factors determining the spatial variation in SLA on a large scale. Conversely, short-term manipulative experiments showed that SLA increased with increased resource availability and tended to stabilize with treatment duration. However, different species exhibited varying response patterns. Overall, variation in long-term adaptation of SLA to environmental gradients and its short-term response to resource pulses jointly improve plant adaptability to a changing environment. Overall SLA-environment relationships should be emphasized as a multidimensional strategy for elucidating environmental change in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaogang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation & Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation & Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxiang Zhang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Tingting Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation & Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Congcong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nianpeng He
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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24
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Swan CM, Sparkman A. The role of functional and phylogenetic diversity in riparian tree vegetation on leaf litter breakdown in rivers. OIKOS 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Swan
- Dept of Geography & Environmental Systems, Univ. of Maryland, Baltimore County Baltimore MD USA
- Center for Urban Environmental Research and Education, Univ. of Maryland, Baltimore County Baltimore MD USA
| | - April Sparkman
- Dept of Geography & Environmental Systems, Univ. of Maryland, Baltimore County Baltimore MD USA
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25
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Liyandja TLD, Armbruster JW, Poopola MO, Stiassny MLJ. Evolutionary convergence in body shape obscures taxonomic diversity in species of the African Labeo forskalii group: Case study of L. parvus Boulenger 1902 and L. ogunensis Boulenger 1910. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 101:898-913. [PMID: 35763261 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Labeo is the third most diverse genus of African cyprinids and is widely distributed across the continent. Labeo parvus, a small species originally described from the Congo basin, has been considered the only species of the L. forskalii group distributed across five African ichthyofaunal provinces (Nilo-Sudan, Congo, Cuanza, and Upper and Lower Guinea). However, morphological similarity between L. parvus and numerous congeners remains a central cause of taxonomic confusion within the genus. Here we employed a phylogenetic comparative approach to assess phenotypic convergence among species of the L. forskalii group, investigate the taxonomic status of L. parvus sensu lato (sl) in west Africa, and reevaluate the composition and distribution of L. parvus sensu stricto (ss). Our phylogenetic analysis provides no support for a sister relationship between L. parvus ss and any of the west African Labeo parvus-like species. Geometric morphometric and molecular phylogenetic data indicate that L. parvus ss is a Congo basin endemic, and seemingly ecologically equivalent species found in west Africa are L. ogunensis, L. obscurus and other undescribed or previously synonymized species. We discuss our findings in terms of convergent evolution using phylomorphospace and tests for phylogenetic signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobit L D Liyandja
- Richard Gilder Graduate School at American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Ichthyology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, USA
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | | | | | - Melanie L J Stiassny
- Richard Gilder Graduate School at American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Ichthyology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, USA
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26
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Liu H, Ye Q, Simpson KJ, Cui E, Xia J. Can evolutionary history predict plant plastic responses to climate change? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:1260-1271. [PMID: 35488493 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant plastic responses are critical to the adaptation and survival of species under climate change, but whether they are constrained by evolutionary history (phylogeny) is largely unclear. Plant leaf traits are key in determining plants' performance in different environments, and if these traits and their variation are phylogenetically dependent, predictions could be made to identify species vulnerable to climate change. We compiled data on three leaf traits (photosynthetic rate, specific leaf area, and leaf nitrogen content) and their variation under four environmental change scenarios (warming, drought, elevated CO2 , or nitrogen addition) for 434 species, from 210 manipulation experiments. We found phylogenetic signal in the three traits but not in their variation under the four scenarios. This indicates that closely related species show similar traits but that their plastic responses could not be predicted from species relatedness under environmental change. Meanwhile, phylogeny weakened the slopes but did not change the directions of conventional pairwise trait relationships, suggesting that co-evolved leaf trait pairs have consistent responses under contrasting environmental conditions. Phylogeny can identify lineages rich in species showing similar traits and predict their relationships under climate change, but the degree of plant phenotypic variation does not vary consistently across evolutionary clades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), no. 1119, Haibin Road, Nansha District, Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Kimberley J Simpson
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Erqian Cui
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
- Research Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jianyang Xia
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
- Research Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
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27
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Qian H, Rejmánek M, Qian S. Are invasive species a phylogenetically clustered subset of naturalized species in regional floras? A case study for flowering plants in China. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Qian
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China
- Research and Collections Center Illinois State Museum Springfield Illinois USA
| | - Marcel Rejmánek
- Department of Evolution and Ecology University of California, Davis Davis California USA
| | - Shenhua Qian
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco‐Environment, Ministry of Education Chongqing University Chongqing China
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28
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Abstract
Foliar water uptake (FWU) is a mechanism that enables plants to acquire water from the atmosphere through their leaves. As mangroves live in a saline sediment water environment, the mechanism of FWU might be of vital importance to acquire freshwater and grow. The goal of this study was to assess the FWU capacity of six different mangrove species belonging to four genera using a series of submersion experiments in which the leaf mass increase was measured and expressed per unit leaf area. The foliar water uptake capacity differed between species with the highest and lowest average water uptake in Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. (1.52 ± 0.48 mg H2O cm−2) and Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam. (0.13 ± 0.06 mg H2O cm−2), respectively. Salt-excreting species showed a higher FWU capacity than non-excreting species. Moreover, A. marina, a salt-excreting species, showed a distinct leaf anatomical trait, i.e., trichomes, which were not observed in the other species and might be involved in the water absorption process. The storage of leaves in moist Ziplock bags prior to measurement caused leaf water uptake to already occur during transport to the field station, which proportionately increased the leaf water potential (A. marina: −0.31 ± 0.13 MPa and B. gymnorhiza: −2.70 ± 0.27 MPa). This increase should be considered when performing best practice leaf water potential measurements but did not affect the quantification of FWU capacity because of the water potential gradient between a leaf and the surrounding water during submersion. Our results highlight the differences that exist in FWU capacity between species residing in the same area and growing under the same environmental conditions. This comparative study therefore enhances our understanding of mangrove species’ functioning.
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29
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Ye Y, Kitayama K, Onoda Y. A cost-benefit analysis of leaf carbon economy with consideration of seasonal changes in leaf traits for sympatric deciduous and evergreen congeners: implications for their coexistence. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:1047-1058. [PMID: 35133649 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Deciduous and evergreen species, which have evolved repeatedly across different clades, can coexist in a given environment despite substantial differences in their leaf traits. It remains unclear how these two groups differ in the development of leaf traits over their lifespans or how their carbon economy - the balance between lifetime carbon gain and leaf construction cost - is determined. We determined the photosynthetic rate (Aarea ), leaf mass per area (LMA), leaf mechanical strength and leaf water potentials and estimated the lifetime carbon gain and leaf construction cost of five closely related pairs of evergreen and deciduous species co-occurring in a temperate forest. Aarea of evergreen species was lower during their first spring, similar in summer and higher than the autumn until the following spring than their deciduous counterparts. Leaf mechanical strength, osmotic pressures and LMA increased continuously towards winter in evergreen species while remaining largely constant in deciduous species. The ratio of lifetime carbon gain to leaf construction cost was similar between the two groups. The additional cost associated with enduring winter is paid back by a longer revenue of photosynthesis in evergreen species, allowing evergreen and deciduous leaf habits to coexist in the seasonal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhan Ye
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kanehiro Kitayama
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yusuke Onoda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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30
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Anderegg LDL, Griffith DM, Cavender-Bares J, Riley WJ, Berry JA, Dawson TE, Still CJ. Representing plant diversity in land models: An evolutionary approach to make "Functional Types" more functional. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:2541-2554. [PMID: 34964527 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plants are critical mediators of terrestrial mass and energy fluxes, and their structural and functional traits have profound impacts on local and global climate, biogeochemistry, biodiversity, and hydrology. Yet, Earth System Models (ESMs), our most powerful tools for predicting the effects of humans on the coupled biosphere-atmosphere system, simplify the incredible diversity of land plants into a handful of coarse categories of "Plant Functional Types" (PFTs) that often fail to capture ecological dynamics such as biome distributions. The inclusion of more realistic functional diversity is a recognized goal for ESMs, yet there is currently no consistent, widely accepted way to add diversity to models, that is, to determine what new PFTs to add and with what data to constrain their parameters. We review approaches to representing plant diversity in ESMs and draw on recent ecological and evolutionary findings to present an evolution-based functional type approach for further disaggregating functional diversity. Specifically, the prevalence of niche conservatism, or the tendency of closely related taxa to retain similar ecological and functional attributes through evolutionary time, reveals that evolutionary relatedness is a powerful framework for summarizing functional similarities and differences among plant types. We advocate that Plant Functional Types based on dominant evolutionary lineages ("Lineage Functional Types") will provide an ecologically defensible, tractable, and scalable framework for representing plant diversity in next-generation ESMs, with the potential to improve parameterization, process representation, and model benchmarking. We highlight how the importance of evolutionary history for plant function can unify the work of disparate fields to improve predictive modeling of the Earth system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leander D L Anderegg
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Daniel M Griffith
- US Geological Survey Western Geographic Science Center, Moffett Field, California, USA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA
- Department of Forest Ecosystems & Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Jeannine Cavender-Bares
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - William J Riley
- Climate & Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Joseph A Berry
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Todd E Dawson
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Christopher J Still
- Department of Forest Ecosystems & Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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31
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Wang FG, Wang AH, Bai CK, Jin DM, Nie LY, Harris AJ, Che L, Wang JJ, Li SY, Xu L, Shen H, Gu YF, Shang H, Duan L, Zhang XC, Chen HF, Yan YH. Genome size evolution of the extant lycophytes and ferns. PLANT DIVERSITY 2022; 44:141-152. [PMID: 35505989 PMCID: PMC9043363 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Ferns and lycophytes have remarkably large genomes. However, little is known about how their genome size evolved in fern lineages. To explore the origins and evolution of chromosome numbers and genome size in ferns, we used flow cytometry to measure the genomes of 240 species (255 samples) of extant ferns and lycophytes comprising 27 families and 72 genera, of which 228 species (242 samples) represent new reports. We analyzed correlations among genome size, spore size, chromosomal features, phylogeny, and habitat type preference within a phylogenetic framework. We also applied ANOVA and multinomial logistic regression analysis to preference of habitat type and genome size. Using the phylogeny, we conducted ancestral character reconstruction for habitat types and tested whether genome size changes simultaneously with shifts in habitat preference. We found that 2C values had weak phylogenetic signal, whereas the base number of chromosomes (x) had a strong phylogenetic signal. Furthermore, our analyses revealed a positive correlation between genome size and chromosome traits, indicating that the base number of chromosomes (x), chromosome size, and polyploidization may be primary contributors to genome expansion in ferns and lycophytes. Genome sizes in different habitat types varied significantly and were significantly correlated with habitat types; specifically, multinomial logistic regression indicated that species with larger 2C values were more likely to be epiphytes. Terrestrial habitat is inferred to be ancestral for both extant ferns and lycophytes, whereas transitions to other habitat types occurred as the major clades emerged. Shifts in habitat types appear be followed by periods of genomic stability. Based on these results, we inferred that habitat type changes and multiple whole-genome duplications have contributed to the formation of large genomes of ferns and their allies during their evolutionary history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Guo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Ai-Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Education, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Cheng-Ke Bai
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Dong-Mei Jin
- Eastern China Conservation Centre for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Li-Yun Nie
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - AJ Harris
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- Department of Biology, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH, 44074, USA
| | - Le Che
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Juan-Juan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Shi-Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Eastern China Conservation Centre for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Yu-Feng Gu
- Eastern China Conservation Centre for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, the National Orchid Conservation Center of China and the Orchid Conservation & Research Center of Shenzhen, 518114, Shenzhen, China
- Life Science and Technology College, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Hui Shang
- Eastern China Conservation Centre for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Lei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Xian-Chun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Hong-Feng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Yue-Hong Yan
- Eastern China Conservation Centre for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, the National Orchid Conservation Center of China and the Orchid Conservation & Research Center of Shenzhen, 518114, Shenzhen, China
- Corresponding author. The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and the Orchid Conservation & Research Center of Shenzhen, 518114, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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32
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Using a Phylogenetic Framework to Assess the Role of Fruit Size in Food Selection by the Andean Night Monkey (Aotus lemurinus). INT J PRIMATOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-021-00274-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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33
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Machado-Filho HDO, Dantas ÊW, Nascimento CWAD. Phylogenetic structure of aquatic plant assemblages in a climate sequence. RODRIGUÉSIA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860202273092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Floristic studies of aquatic plants and flora associated with aquatic ecosystems carried out in the Neotropical region have demonstrated the predominance and co-occurrence of the same plant families under different climatic conditions. One way to interpret this co-occurrence of groups with non-random patterns in assemblages is to understand their phylogenetic structure. Herein, we present an investigation that studied the rule of phylogenetic assembly on plants associated with reservoirs in a tropical climosequence in Northeast Brazil. We studied eight areas during the dry and rainy periods and characterized their climatic, chemical, and trace elements, as well as richness, diversity, and phylogenetic structure of their assemblages. We found a predominance of the families Fabaceae, Poaceae and Cyperaceae, especially in border areas. Among the species surveyed, we highlight those with amphibian life-form, autochoric-type dispersion syndrome and the taxa with patterns of wide geographical distribution. We observed that the seasonal effect ruled patterns of phylogenetic structure with tendency for non-co-familiarity. Water quality and sediment were the abiotic factors most efficient as predictors of richness and variations in phylogenetic metrics. In this sense, the family co-occurrence identified in the assemblages was less deterministic than expected through non-randomness, because temporally, guilds were distinctly structured in function of seasonality.
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Martelo-Solorzano AM, Lidueña-Pérez KI, Corredor-Prado JP. Seed’s morpho-anatomy and post-seminal development of Bromeliaceae from tropical dry forest. RODRIGUÉSIA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860202273050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Drastic changes in dry tropical forest result in the loss of biological components and reveal the importance of studies on the biology of species living in it. The present study aimed to describe seed morphoanatomy, germination and post-seminal development of Bromeliaceae species in fragments of tropical dry forest in Sucre, Colombia. Seven species representing Bromelia and Tillandsia genera were evaluated. The results provide characteristics related to the habitat of each species and contribute to distinguish the genera evaluated: fruit and seed measurements, seed shape, plumose appendage, testa characteristics, and the aleurone layer, embryo endosperm ratio, types of reserves, constriction zone in the embryo and type of post-seminal development. Characteristics of plumose appendages and the presence of vascular bundles in the embryo also contribute to distinguish Tillandsia species. In T. elongata and T. flexuosa, high number of seeds per fruit (> 100), morphoanatomical aspects, high germination (> 92%) and plant formation (> 77%) percentages, and higher germination rate values (> 4.5) give them the potential capacity for establishment in this environment. Our results provide information with taxonomic and ecological relevance for bromeliads in dry tropical forest.
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Artuso S, Gamisch A, Staedler YM, Schönenberger J, Comes HP. Evidence for selectively constrained 3D flower shape evolution in a Late Miocene clade of Malagasy Bulbophyllum orchids. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:853-867. [PMID: 34309843 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Questions concerning the evolution of complex biological structures are central to the field of evolutionary biology. Yet, still little information is known about the modes and temporal dynamics of three-dimensional (3D) flower shape evolution across the history of clades. Here, we combined high-resolution X-ray computed tomography with 3D geometric morphometrics and phylogenetic comparative methods to test models of whole-flower shape evolution in the orchid family, using an early Late Miocene clade (c. 50 spp.) of Malagasy Bulbophyllum as model system. Based on landmark data of 38 species, our high-dimensional model fitting decisively rejects a purely neutral mode of evolution, suggesting instead that flower shapes evolved towards a primary adaptive optimum. Only a small number of recently evolved species/lineages attained alternative shape optima, resulting in an increased rate of phenotypic evolution. Our findings provide evidence of constrained 3D flower shape evolution in a small-sized clade of tropical orchids, resulting in low rates of phenotypic evolution and uncoupled trait-diversification rates. We hypothesise that this deep imprint of evolutionary constraint on highly complex floral structures might reflect long-term (directional and/or stabilizing) selection exerted by the group's main pollinators (flies).
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Artuso
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, A-5020, Austria
| | - Alexander Gamisch
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, A-5020, Austria
| | - Yannick M Staedler
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, A-1030, Austria
| | - Jürg Schönenberger
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, A-1030, Austria
| | - Hans Peter Comes
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, A-5020, Austria
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Baldwin BG, Wood KR, Freyman WA. Directionally biased habitat shifts and biogeographically informative cytonuclear discordance in the Hawaiian silversword alliance (Compositae). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2021; 108:2015-2037. [PMID: 34694624 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Expanded phylogenetic analyses of the Hawaiian silversword alliance (Argyroxiphium, Dubautia, Wilkesia; Compositae) were undertaken to assess evolutionary and biogeographic informativeness of cytonuclear discordance and any biases in evolutionary directionality of ecological transitions within this prominent example of adaptive radiation. METHODS Samples spanning the geographic and ecological distributions of all recognized taxa were included in phylogenetic and biogeographic analyses of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) and cpDNA sequences. Bayesian model testing approaches were used to model ecological evolution and the evolution of nuclear chromosomal arrangements while accounting for phylogenetic uncertainty. RESULTS Cytonuclear discordance detected previously appears to reflect chloroplast capture, at least in part, with nrDNA trees being largely congruent with nuclear chromosomal structural data and fine-scale taxonomy. Comparison of biogeographic histories estimated from the posterior distributions of nrDNA and cpDNA trees, including inferred chloroplast-capture events, provides additional resolution of dispersal history, including a back-dispersal to Maui Nui from Hawai'i. A newly resolved major nrDNA clade of endemic Kaua'i taxa that mostly were described as new-to-science since the 1980s strengthens the earlier hypothesis that diversification on Kaua'i has not waned since the island began to decline in area through subsidence and erosion. Bias in habitat shifts was estimated, with transitions from dry-to-mesic or -wet and from wet-to-mesic or -bog habitats dominating diversification of the silversword alliance from a dry-adapted tarweed ancestor. CONCLUSIONS The habitat-transition biases estimated here may indicate more limited pathways of ecological evolution than proposed previously for an adaptive radiation involving such major ecological shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce G Baldwin
- Jepson Herbarium and Department of Integrative Biology, 1001 Valley Life Sciences Building #2465, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720-2465, USA
| | - Kenneth R Wood
- National Tropical Botanical Garden, 3530 Papalina Road, Kalaheo, Hawaii, 96741, USA
| | - William A Freyman
- Jepson Herbarium and Department of Integrative Biology, 1001 Valley Life Sciences Building #2465, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720-2465, USA
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Relyea RA, Stephens PR, Hammond JI. Phylogenetic patterns of trait and trait plasticity evolution: Insights from tadpoles. Evolution 2021; 75:2568-2588. [PMID: 34437719 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Environmental heterogeneity has led to the widespread evolution of phenotypic plasticity in all taxonomic groups. Although phenotypic plasticity has been examined from multiple perspectives, few studies have examined evolutionary patterns of plasticity within a phylogeny. We conducted common-garden experiments on 20 species of tadpoles, spanning three families, exposed for 4 weeks to a control, predator cues, or reduced food (i.e., increased intraspecific competition). We quantified tadpole activity, growth, and relative morphology and found widespread differences in species responses to predator cues and reduced food. We detected pervasive phylogenetic signals in traits within each environment, but the phylogenetic signal was much less common in the trait plasticities. Among different models of continuous character evolution, Brownian Motion and Ornstein Uhlenbeck models provided better fits to the data than the Early Burst model. Tadpole activity level in predator environments had much higher evolutionary rates than in the control and reduced-food environments; we did not see this pattern in the other traits. In comparing traits versus trait plasticities, activity evolved much faster than the plasticity of activity whereas morphological traits evolved much slower than morphological plasticities. Collectively, these results suggest that traits and trait plasticities can exhibit dramatically different evolutionary patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick A Relyea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, 12180, USA
| | - Patrick R Stephens
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA
| | - John I Hammond
- College of Arts, Sciences, and Letters, Marian University, Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, 54935, USA
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Harper CM, Ruff CB, Sylvester AD. Calcaneal shape variation in humans, nonhuman primates, and early hominins. J Hum Evol 2021; 159:103050. [PMID: 34438297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2021.103050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The foot has played a prominent role in evaluating early hominin locomotion. The calcaneus, in particular, plays an important role in weight-bearing. Although the calcanei of early hominins have been previously scrutinized, a three-dimensional analysis of the entire calcaneal shape has not been conducted. Here, we investigate the relationship between external calcaneal shape and locomotion in modern Homo sapiens (n = 130), Gorilla (n = 86), Pan (n = 112), Pongo (n = 31), Papio (n = 28), and hylobatids (Hylobates, Symphalangus; n = 32). We use these results to place the calcanei attributed to Australopithecus sediba, A. africanus, A. afarensis, H. naledi, and Homo habilis/Paranthropus boisei into a locomotor context. Calcanei were scanned using either surface scanning or micro-CT and their external shape analyzed using a three-dimensional geometric morphometric sliding semilandmark analysis. Blomberg's K statistic was used to estimate phylogenetic signal in the shape data. Shape variation was summarized using a principal components analysis. Procrustes distances between all taxa as well as distances between each fossil and the average of each taxon were calculated. Blomberg's K statistic was small (K = 0.1651), indicating weak phylogenetic effects, suggesting variation is driven by factors other than phylogeny (e.g., locomotion or body size). Modern humans have a large calcaneus relative to body size and display a uniquely convex cuboid facet, facilitating a rigid midfoot for bipedalism. More arboreal great apes display relatively deeper cuboid facet pivot regions for increased midfoot mobility. Australopithecus afarensis demonstrates the most human-like calcaneus, consistent with obligate bipedalism. Homo naledi is primarily modern human-like, but with some intermediate traits, suggesting a different form of bipedalism than modern humans. Australopithecus africanus, A. sediba, and H. habilis/P. boisei calcanei all possess unique combinations of human and nonhuman ape-like morphologies, suggesting a combination of bipedal and arboreal behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Harper
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Center for Functional Anatomy and Evolution, 1830 East Monument Street, Room 302, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, 401 S Broadway, Room 453, Camden, NJ 08103, United States.
| | - Christopher B Ruff
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Center for Functional Anatomy and Evolution, 1830 East Monument Street, Room 302, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Adam D Sylvester
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Center for Functional Anatomy and Evolution, 1830 East Monument Street, Room 302, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
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Wolkovich EM, Donahue MJ. How phenological tracking shapes species and communities in non-stationary environments. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:2810-2827. [PMID: 34288337 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Climate change alters the environments of all species. Predicting species responses requires understanding how species track environmental change, and how such tracking shapes communities. Growing empirical evidence suggests that how species track phenologically - how an organism shifts the timing of major biological events in response to the environment - is linked to species performance and community structure. Such research tantalizingly suggests a potential framework to predict the winners and losers of climate change, and the future communities we can expect. But developing this framework requires far greater efforts to ground empirical studies of phenological tracking in relevant ecological theory. Here we review the concept of phenological tracking in empirical studies and through the lens of coexistence theory to show why a community-level perspective is critical to accurate predictions with climate change. While much current theory for tracking ignores the importance of a multi-species context, basic community assembly theory predicts that competition will drive variation in tracking and trade-offs with other traits. We highlight how existing community assembly theory can help understand tracking in stationary and non-stationary systems. But major advances in predicting the species- and community-level consequences of climate change will require advances in theoretical and empirical studies. We outline a path forward built on greater efforts to integrate priority effects into modern coexistence theory, improved empirical estimates of multivariate environmental change, and clearly defined estimates of phenological tracking and its underlying environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Wolkovich
- Forest & Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Megan J Donahue
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kān'eohe, HI, 96744, U.S.A
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Krishna M, Winternitz J, Garkoti SC, Penuelas J. Functional leaf traits indicate phylogenetic signals in forests across an elevational gradient in the central Himalaya. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2021; 134:753-764. [PMID: 33837511 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-021-01289-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Traits are the primary attributes that distinguish a species niche. Species and higher taxa are part of a structured phylogeny, and variation in plant traits depends on lineage as well as on environmental conditions. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate linkages between taxonomic identity, shared ancestry, and environment for understanding the variation in leaf traits. We investigated the evolutionary relationships, based on multiple gene sequences among 26 plant species sampled along an elevational gradient from 650 to 3600 m a.s.l. in the central Himalaya. We tested for the phylogenetic signal based on three different measures in 10 leaf traits having a significant association with the resource acquisition-conservation trade-offs axis and influencing plant growth, development, and ecological performance. We further assessed the role of elevation and growth forms as the potential drivers of leaf traits variation while controlling for phylogeny. 5 out of 10 leaf traits showed significant phylogenetic signal. Plant species clustered more often by growth forms at the tips of the phylogeny indicating multiple instances of independent evolution. Evergreen taxa showed niche separation with deciduous and incorporated larger trait variation. Trait variations were guided by both growth forms and elevation when accounted for phylogeny. Growth form has a higher contribution to trait variation compared to elevation. Trade-offs were detected between resource conservation and resource acquisition machinery traits (that would maximise carbon gain), differing between growth forms and along elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Krishna
- School of Environmental sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Jamie Winternitz
- Department of Animal, Behaviour Bielefeld University, Morgenbreede 45, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Satish Chandra Garkoti
- School of Environmental sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Josep Penuelas
- Global Ecology Unit, CSIC, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia, 08913, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, 08913, Spain
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Iaeger CT, Maestri R, Fornel R. Diversification of the cranium and mandible of spiny rats of the genus Trinomys (Rodentia: Echimyidae) in an environmental and phylogenetic context. J Mammal 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyaa177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Evolutionary constraints and ecological pressures influence species’ morphological diversity. The aim of this study was to explore patterns of morphological variation, to investigate the influence of environmental variables on morphological differentiation, and assess the strength of phylogenetic signal for the cranium and mandible in spiny rats of the genus Trinomys. We examined 377 crania and mandibles of all species of the genus Trinomys. We used geometric morphometric methods based on two-dimensional anatomical landmarks to describe cranium and mandible shape and size. Phylogenetic signal was tested using the K statistics and associations between morphology and environmental variables were made using a phylogenetic partial least squares analysis. We found marked differences in size and shape in the synchranium among species, especially in the segregation of T. albispinus and T. yonenagae from the other species, which in turn greatly overlapped both in size and shape spaces. We found a weak phylogenetic signal for size of the synchranium and intermediate phylogenetic signals for shape, a pattern similar to other studies. Differentiation of the synchranium shape in Trinomys was associated largely with precipitation-related variables, while the association between size and environmental variables was weak. Notably, Trinomys species inhabiting xeric environments had relatively larger tympanic bullae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaiane Teila Iaeger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia - Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões – URI Campus Erechim, Av. Sete de Setembro, Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Renan Maestri
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Fornel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia - Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões – URI Campus Erechim, Av. Sete de Setembro, Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Singhal S, Roddy AB, DiVittorio C, Sanchez-Amaya A, Henriquez CL, Brodersen CR, Fehlberg S, Zapata F. Diversification, disparification and hybridization in the desert shrubs Encelia. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:1228-1241. [PMID: 33460447 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
There are multiple hypotheses for the spectacular plant diversity found in deserts. We explore how different factors, including the roles of ecological opportunity and selection, promote diversification and disparification in Encelia, a lineage of woody plants in the deserts of the Americas. Using a nearly complete species-level phylogeny based on double-digest restriction-aided sequencing along with a broad set of phenotypic traits, we estimate divergence times and diversification rates, identify instances of hybridization, quantify trait disparity and assess phenotypic divergence across environmental gradients. We show that Encelia originated and diversified recently (mid-Pleistocene) and rapidly, with rates comparable to notable adaptive radiations in plants. Encelia probably originated in the hot deserts of North America, with subsequent diversification across steep environmental gradients. We uncover multiple instances of gene flow between species. The radiation of Encelia is characterized by fast rates of phenotypic evolution, trait lability and extreme disparity across environments and between species pairs with overlapping geographic ranges. Encelia exemplifies how interspecific gene flow in combination with high trait lability can enable exceptionally fast diversification and disparification across steep environmental gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Singhal
- Department of Biology, CSU Dominguez Hills, 1000 E Victoria Street, Carson, CA, 90747, USA
| | - Adam B Roddy
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33133, USA
| | - Christopher DiVittorio
- University of California Institute for México and the United States, University of California, 3324 Olmsted Hall, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Pinecrest Research Corporation, 5627 Telegraph Avenue, Suite 420, Oakland, CA, 94609, USA
| | - Ary Sanchez-Amaya
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, 612 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Claudia L Henriquez
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, 612 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Craig R Brodersen
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Shannon Fehlberg
- Research, Conservation, and Collections, Desert Botanical Garden, 1201 N Galvin Parkway, Phoenix, AZ, 85008, USA
| | - Felipe Zapata
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, 612 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Tsuboike Y, Fujii M, Yoshida Y, Kamata N. An Indirect Impact of Sika Deer Overpopulation on Eutrophication of an Aquatic Ecosystem via Understory Vegetation: An Individual-Based Approach Using Nitrate Reductase Activity. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.626905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems is a serious global issue. Stream nitrate concentrations at the University of Tokyo Chichibu Forest have increased since 2000 after the opening of the new highway in 1998. Nitrogen oxide emissions from automobile exhausts were the most likely source of increased nitrate input in the forest ecosystem. Around the area, the sika deer Cervus nippon Temminck population has greatly increased since around 2000 and intensively browsed the understory vegetation. We hypothesized that the degradation of the understory vegetation caused by the deer overpopulation was one of the causes of increased nitrate output. Monthly observations were carried out from April to October 2013 to investigate the understory vegetation at the heights of 0–30 and 100–150 cm above the ground inside (without deer) and outside (with deer) of a deer exclusion fence. Plant taxa and % coverage of each taxon at each layer were recorded. The in vivo nitrate reductase activity (NRA) (≈ nitrate assimilation rate) was determined for each plant taxa each month. Compared to inside the fence, the understory vegetation outside was poor with smaller % coverage and less diverse community structure, and was occupied by unpalatable plant taxa that were uncommon or absent inside the fence. Contrary to our expectation, the phylogenetic diversity of the community assemblage outside the fence showed greater evenness (less clustering) than inside. The NRA peaked in early in the season or late in the season. In contrast to a previous report, no significant difference in the NRA was found between woody and herbaceous plants. Although the difference was no more than that of vegetation coverage, the estimated community-level NRA inside the fence was 5.6 times higher than that of the outside. The difference was greatest early in the season. These results support our hypothesis.
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Skelton RP, Anderegg LDL, Diaz J, Kling MM, Papper P, Lamarque LJ, Delzon S, Dawson TE, Ackerly DD. Evolutionary relationships between drought-related traits and climate shape large hydraulic safety margins in western North American oaks. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2008987118. [PMID: 33649205 PMCID: PMC7958251 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2008987118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative knowledge of xylem physical tolerance limits to dehydration is essential to understanding plant drought tolerance but is lacking in many long-vessel angiosperms. We examine the hypothesis that a fundamental association between sustained xylem water transport and downstream tissue function should select for xylem that avoids embolism in long-vessel trees by quantifying xylem capacity to withstand air entry of western North American oaks (Quercus spp.). Optical visualization showed that 50% of embolism occurs at water potentials below -2.7 MPa in all 19 species, and -6.6 MPa in the most resistant species. By mapping the evolution of xylem vulnerability to embolism onto a fossil-dated phylogeny of the western North American oaks, we found large differences between clades (sections) while closely related species within each clade vary little in their capacity to withstand air entry. Phylogenetic conservatism in xylem physical tolerance, together with a significant correlation between species distributions along rainfall gradients and their dehydration tolerance, suggests that closely related species occupy similar climatic niches and that species' geographic ranges may have shifted along aridity gradients in accordance with their physical tolerance. Such trends, coupled with evolutionary associations between capacity to withstand xylem embolism and other hydraulic-related traits, yield wide margins of safety against embolism in oaks from diverse habitats. Evolved responses of the vascular system to aridity support the embolism avoidance hypothesis and reveal the importance of quantifying plant capacity to withstand xylem embolism for understanding function and biogeography of some of the Northern Hemisphere's most ecologically and economically important plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Skelton
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720;
- Fynbos Node, South African Environmental Observation Network, Newlands 7735, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Leander D L Anderegg
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93117
| | - Jessica Diaz
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Matthew M Kling
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Prahlad Papper
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Laurent J Lamarque
- Département des Sciences de l'Environnement, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE (Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement), UMR BIOGECO, 33615 Pessac, France
| | - Sylvain Delzon
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE (Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement), UMR BIOGECO, 33615 Pessac, France
| | - Todd E Dawson
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - David D Ackerly
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
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Holeski LM, Keefover-Ring K, Sobel JM, Kooyers NJ. Evolutionary history and ecology shape the diversity and abundance of phytochemical arsenals across monkeyflowers. J Evol Biol 2021; 34:571-583. [PMID: 33484000 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We examine the extent to which phylogenetic effects and ecology are associated with macroevolutionary patterns of phytochemical defence production across the Mimulus phylogeny. We grew plants from 21 species representing the five major sections of the Mimulus phylogeny in a common garden to assess how the arsenals (NMDS groupings) and abundances (concentrations) of a phytochemical defence, phenylpropanoid glycosides (PPGs), vary across the phylogeny. Very few PPGs are widespread across the genus, but many are common to multiple sections of the genus. Phytochemical arsenals cluster among sections in an NMDS and are not associated with total concentration of PPGs. There is a strong phylogenetic signal for phytochemical arsenal composition across the Mimulus genus, whereas ecological variables such as growing season length, latitude, and elevation do not significantly influence arsenal. In contrast, there is little phylogenetic signal for total PPG concentration, and this trait is significantly influenced by several ecological factors. Phytochemical arsenals and abundances are influenced by plant life history form. Both phylogenetic effects and ecology are related to phytochemical patterns across species, albeit in different ways. The independence of phytochemical defence concentrations from arsenal compositions indicates that these aspects of defence may continue to evolve independently of one another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza M Holeski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Ken Keefover-Ring
- Departments of Botany and Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - James M Sobel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University (SUNY), Binghamton, NY, USA
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46
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Schoville SD, Simon S, Bai M, Beethem Z, Dudko RY, Eberhard MJB, Frandsen PB, Küpper SC, Machida R, Verheij M, Willadsen PC, Zhou X, Wipfler B. Comparative transcriptomics of ice-crawlers demonstrates cold specialization constrains niche evolution in a relict lineage. Evol Appl 2021; 14:360-382. [PMID: 33664782 PMCID: PMC7896716 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Key changes in ecological niche space are often critical to understanding how lineages diversify during adaptive radiations. However, the converse, or understanding why some lineages are depauperate and relictual, is more challenging, as many factors may constrain niche evolution. In the case of the insect order Grylloblattodea, highly conserved thermal breadth is assumed to be closely tied to their relictual status, but has not been formerly tested. Here, we investigate whether evolutionary constraints in the physiological tolerance of temperature can help explain relictualism in this lineage. Using a comparative transcriptomics approach, we investigate gene expression following acute heat and cold stress across members of Grylloblattodea and their sister group, Mantophasmatodea. We additionally examine patterns of protein evolution, to identify candidate genes of positive selection. We demonstrate that cold specialization in Grylloblattodea has been accompanied by the loss of the inducible heat shock response under both acute heat and cold stress. Additionally, there is widespread evidence of selection on protein-coding genes consistent with evolutionary constraints due to cold specialization. This includes positive selection on genes involved in trehalose transport, metabolic function, mitochondrial function, oxygen reduction, oxidative stress, and protein synthesis. These patterns of molecular adaptation suggest that Grylloblattodea have undergone evolutionary trade-offs to survive in cold habitats and should be considered highly vulnerable to climate change. Finally, our transcriptomic data provide a robust backbone phylogeny for generic relationships within Grylloblattodea and Mantophasmatodea. Major phylogenetic splits in each group relate to arid conditions driving biogeographical patterns, with support for a sister-group relationship between North American Grylloblatta and Altai-Sayan Grylloblattella, and a range disjunction in Namibia splitting major clades within Mantophasmatodea.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabrina Simon
- Biosystematics GroupWageningen University & ResearchPB WageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Ming Bai
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and EvolutionInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zachary Beethem
- Department of EntomologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
- Present address:
Department of Biomedical SciencesSchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Roman Y. Dudko
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of AnimalsSiberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesNovosibirskRussia
- Tomsk State UniversityTomskRussia
| | - Monika J. B. Eberhard
- Zoological Institute and MuseumGeneral Zoology and Zoological SystematicsUniversity of GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Paul B. Frandsen
- Department of Plant & Wildlife SciencesBrigham Young UniversityProvoUTUSA
- Data Science LabOffice of the Chief Information OfficerSmithsonian InstitutionWashingtonDCU.S.A
| | - Simon C. Küpper
- Zoological Institute and MuseumGeneral Zoology and Zoological SystematicsUniversity of GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Ryuichiro Machida
- Sugadaira Research StationMountain Science CenterUniversity of TsukubaUeda, NaganoJapan
| | - Max Verheij
- Biosystematics GroupWageningen University & ResearchPB WageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Peter C. Willadsen
- Department of EntomologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
- Present address:
Department of Entomology and Plant PathologyNorth Carolina State UniversityCampus Box 7613RaleighNCUSA
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of EntomologyCollege of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
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47
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Navarrete-Segueda A, Cortés-Flores J, Cornejo-Tenorio G, González-Arqueros ML, Torres-García M, Ibarra-Manríquez G. Timber and non-timber forest products in the northernmost Neotropical rainforest: Ecological factors unravel their landscape distribution. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 279:111819. [PMID: 33321354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The benefits provided by tropical rainforests are unevenly distributed throughout the landscape and are shaped by abiotic and biotic components that influence the spatial distribution and functional traits of the species involved. We tested whether environmental stratification of the rainforest in biophysical Landscape Units (LU), defined by topography and soil, is related to the spatial distribution of diversity, abundance and productivity (standing biomass) of tree assemblages that provide potential forest products (PFP). Considering that different PFP are associated with specific plant traits, we also tested whether a phylogenetic signal exists among the species that comprise specific use categories. Non-metric multidimensional scaling ordinations and permutational analysis of variance were based on the frequency, abundance and productivity of 129 species, the PFP of which were classified as fodder, food, fuelwood, medicinal, melliferous, ornamental, plywood and timber in 15 plots of 0.5 ha each. We constructed a phylogenetic tree of the studied species and analyzed the phylogenetic signal strength (D-statistic) among them. The spatial distribution of diversity and abundance of useful species changes among the LU. Specific PFP can be provided in contrasting habitat conditions, but generally not by the same species. The PFP categories that presented a phylogenetic signal were associated with wood characteristics (fuelwood and plywood) and the palatability of the leaves and reproductive structures (fodder). The Moraceae family was significantly related to fodder and plywood, whereas Meliaceae, Myrtaceae and Sapotaceae were mostly used for fuelwood. The medicinal species presented convergent traits distributed throughout the phylogeny. However, since our study included a broad variety of plant structures, it is possible that phylogenetic dispersion can change if we consider the specific uses within each category. Our findings show that the assemblages of PFP suppliers can be clustered through biophysical units based on soil and topography, and specific categories of PFP are often supplied by phylogenetically related species. This knowledge is fundamental in order to incorporate the high diversity of tree species and their potential uses into productive reforestation and agroforestry programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Navarrete-Segueda
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701. Col. San José de la Huerta. C. P. 58190. Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Jorge Cortés-Flores
- Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Sede Tlaxcala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ex Fábrica San Manuel S/N. Col. San Manuel. C. P., 90640, Santa Cruz Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Cornejo-Tenorio
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701. Col. San José de la Huerta. C. P. 58190. Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - M Lourdes González-Arqueros
- CONACYT-Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, C. P. 58060, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Mariana Torres-García
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701. Col. San José de la Huerta. C. P. 58190. Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Ibarra-Manríquez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701. Col. San José de la Huerta. C. P. 58190. Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
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48
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A test of the lateral semicircular canal correlation to head posture, diet and other biological traits in "ungulate" mammals. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19602. [PMID: 33177568 PMCID: PMC7658238 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76757-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
For over a century, researchers have assumed that the plane of the lateral semicircular canal of the inner ear lies parallel to the horizon when the head is at rest, and used this assumption to reconstruct head posture in extinct species. Although this hypothesis has been repeatedly questioned, it has never been tested on a large sample size and at a broad taxonomic scale in mammals. This study presents a comprehensive test of this hypothesis in over one hundred "ungulate" species. Using CT scanning and manual segmentation, the orientation of the skull was reconstructed as if the lateral semicircular canal of the bony labyrinth was aligned horizontally. This reconstructed cranial orientation was statistically compared to the actual head posture of the corresponding species using a dataset of 10,000 photographs and phylogenetic regression analysis. A statistically significant correlation between the reconstructed cranial orientation and head posture is found, although the plane of the lateral semicircular canal departs significantly from horizontal. We thus caution against the use of the lateral semicircular canal as a proxy to infer precisely the horizontal plane on dry skulls and in extinct species. Diet (browsing or grazing) and head-butting behaviour are significantly correlated to the orientation of the lateral semicircular canal, but not to the actual head posture. Head posture and the orientation of the lateral semicircular canal are both strongly correlated with phylogenetic history.
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49
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Bellot S, Bayton RP, Couvreur TLP, Dodsworth S, Eiserhardt WL, Guignard MS, Pritchard HW, Roberts L, Toorop PE, Baker WJ. On the origin of giant seeds: the macroevolution of the double coconut (Lodoicea maldivica) and its relatives (Borasseae, Arecaceae). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 228:1134-1148. [PMID: 32544251 PMCID: PMC7590125 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Seed size shapes plant evolution and ecosystems, and may be driven by plant size and architecture, dispersers, habitat and insularity. How these factors influence the evolution of giant seeds is unclear, as are the rate of evolution and the biogeographical consequences of giant seeds. We generated DNA and seed size data for the palm tribe Borasseae (Arecaceae) and its relatives, which show a wide diversity in seed size and include the double coconut (Lodoicea maldivica), the largest seed in the world. We inferred their phylogeny, dispersal history and rates of change in seed size, and evaluated the possible influence of plant size, inflorescence branching, habitat and insularity on these changes. Large seeds were involved in 10 oceanic dispersals. Following theoretical predictions, we found that: taller plants with fewer-branched inflorescences produced larger seeds; seed size tended to evolve faster on islands (except Madagascar); and seeds of shade-loving Borasseae tended to be larger. Plant size and inflorescence branching may constrain seed size in Borasseae and their relatives. The possible roles of insularity, habitat and dispersers are difficult to disentangle. Evolutionary contingencies better explain the gigantism of the double coconut than unusually high rates of seed size increase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ross P. Bayton
- Royal Botanic Gardens, KewRichmond, SurreyTW9 3AEUK
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of ReadingWhiteknightsPO Box 217Reading, BerkshireRG6 6AHUK
| | | | - Steven Dodsworth
- Royal Botanic Gardens, KewRichmond, SurreyTW9 3AEUK
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of BedfordshireLutonLU1 3JUUK
| | - Wolf L. Eiserhardt
- Royal Botanic Gardens, KewRichmond, SurreyTW9 3AEUK
- Department of BiologyAarhus UniversityNy Munkegade 116Aarhus C8000Denmark
| | | | - Hugh W. Pritchard
- Royal Botanic Gardens, KewWakehurst Place, Wellcome Trust Millennium BuildingArdinglyWest SussexRH17 6TNUK
| | - Lucy Roberts
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeDowning StreetCambridgeCB2 3EJUK
| | - Peter E. Toorop
- Royal Botanic Gardens, KewWakehurst Place, Wellcome Trust Millennium BuildingArdinglyWest SussexRH17 6TNUK
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50
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Sanchez-Martinez P, Martínez-Vilalta J, Dexter KG, Segovia RA, Mencuccini M. Adaptation and coordinated evolution of plant hydraulic traits. Ecol Lett 2020; 23:1599-1610. [PMID: 32808458 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hydraulic properties control plant responses to climate and are likely to be under strong selective pressure, but their macro-evolutionary history remains poorly characterised. To fill this gap, we compiled a global dataset of hydraulic traits describing xylem conductivity (Ks ), xylem resistance to embolism (P50), sapwood allocation relative to leaf area (Hv) and drought exposure (ψmin ), and matched it with global seed plant phylogenies. Individually, these traits present medium to high levels of phylogenetic signal, partly related to environmental selective pressures shaping lineage evolution. Most of these traits evolved independently of each other, being co-selected by the same environmental pressures. However, the evolutionary correlations between P50 and ψmin and between Ks and Hv show signs of deeper evolutionary integration because of functional, developmental or genetic constraints, conforming to evolutionary modules. We do not detect evolutionary integration between conductivity and resistance to embolism, rejecting a hardwired trade-off for this pair of traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Sanchez-Martinez
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, 08193, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Jordi Martínez-Vilalta
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, 08193, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Kyle G Dexter
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ricardo A Segovia
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, 08193, Spain.,ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
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