1
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Hodeify R, Machaca K. Methods to Quantify the Dynamic Recycling of Plasma Membrane Channels. Bio Protoc 2023; 13:e4800. [PMID: 37719078 PMCID: PMC10501913 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is a ubiquitous Ca2+ signaling modality mediated by Orai Ca2+ channels at the plasma membrane (PM) and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ sensors STIM1/2. At steady state, Orai1 constitutively cycles between an intracellular compartment and the PM. Orai1 PM residency is modulated by its endocytosis and exocytosis rates. Therefore, Orai1 trafficking represents an important regulatory mechanism to define the levels of Ca2+ influx. Here, we present a protocol using the dually tagged YFP-HA-Orai1 with a cytosolic YFP and extracellular hemagglutinin (HA) tag to quantify Orai1 cycling rates. For measuring Orai1 endocytosis, cells expressing YFP-HA-Orai1 are incubated with mouse anti-HA antibody for various periods of time before being fixed and stained for surface Orai1 with Cy5-labeled anti-mouse IgG. The cells are fixed again, permeabilized, and stained with Cy3-labeled anti-mouse IgG to reveal anti-HA that has been internalized. To quantify Orai1 exocytosis rate, cells are incubated with anti-HA antibody for various incubation periods before being fixed, permeabilized, and then stained with Cy5-labeled anti-mouse IgG. The Cy5/YFP ratio is plotted over time and fitted with a mono-exponential growth curve to determine exocytosis rate. Although the described assays were developed to measure Orai1 trafficking, they are readily adaptable to other PM channels. Key features Detailed protocols to quantify endocytosis and exocytosis rates of Orai1 at the plasma membrane that can be used in various cell lines. The endocytosis and exocytosis assays are readily adaptable to study the trafficking of other plasma membrane channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawad Hodeify
- Biotechnology Department, School of Arts and
Sciences, American University of Ras Al Khaimah, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab
Emirates
| | - Khaled Machaca
- Ca
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill
Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
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2
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Jardin I, Berna-Erro A, Nieto-Felipe J, Macias A, Sanchez-Collado J, Lopez JJ, Salido GM, Rosado JA. Similarities and Differences between the Orai1 Variants: Orai1α and Orai1β. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314568. [PMID: 36498894 PMCID: PMC9735889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Orai1, the first identified member of the Orai protein family, is ubiquitously expressed in the animal kingdom. Orai1 was initially characterized as the channel responsible for the store-operated calcium entry (SOCE), a major mechanism that allows cytosolic calcium concentration increments upon receptor-mediated IP3 generation, which results in intracellular Ca2+ store depletion. Furthermore, current evidence supports that abnormal Orai1 expression or function underlies several disorders. Orai1 is, together with STIM1, the key element of SOCE, conducting the Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) current and, in association with TRPC1, the store-operated Ca2+ (SOC) current. Additionally, Orai1 is involved in non-capacitative pathways, as the arachidonate-regulated or LTC4-regulated Ca2+ channel (ARC/LRC), store-independent Ca2+ influx activated by the secretory pathway Ca2+-ATPase (SPCA2) and the small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel 3 (SK3). Furthermore, Orai1 possesses two variants, Orai1α and Orai1β, the latter lacking 63 amino acids in the N-terminus as compared to the full-length Orai1α form, which confers distinct features to each variant. Here, we review the current knowledge about the differences between Orai1α and Orai1β, the implications of the Ca2+ signals triggered by each variant, and their downstream modulatory effect within the cell.
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3
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So CL, Meinert C, Xia Q, Robitaille M, Roberts-Thomson SJ, Monteith GR. Increased matrix stiffness suppresses ATP-induced sustained Ca2+ influx in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Cell Calcium 2022; 104:102569. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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4
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Wu B, Woo JS, Sun Z, Srikanth S, Gwack Y. Ca 2+ Signaling Augmented by ORAI1 Trafficking Regulates the Pathogenic State of Effector T Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:1329-1340. [PMID: 35217583 PMCID: PMC8916982 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channel is crucial for T cell functions. It was recently shown that naked cuticle homolog 2 (NKD2), a signaling adaptor molecule, orchestrates trafficking of ORAI1, a pore subunit of the CRAC channels, to the plasma membrane for sustained activation of the CRAC channels. However, the physiological role of sustained Ca2+ entry via ORAI1 trafficking remains poorly understood. Using NKD2 as a molecular handle, we show that ORAI1 trafficking is crucial for sustained Ca2+ entry and cytokine production, especially in inflammatory Th1 and Th17 cells. We find that murine T cells cultured under pathogenic Th17-polarizing conditions have higher Ca2+ levels that are NKD2-dependent than those under nonpathogenic conditions. In vivo, deletion of Nkd2 alleviated clinical symptoms of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice by selectively decreasing effector T cell responses in the CNS. Furthermore, we observed a strong correlation between NKD2 expression and proinflammatory cytokine production in effector T cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that the pathogenic effector T cell response demands sustained Ca2+ entry supported by ORAI1 trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Wu
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA; and
| | - Jin Seok Woo
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA; and
| | - Zuoming Sun
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Sonal Srikanth
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA; and
| | - Yousang Gwack
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA; and
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5
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Yu F, Machaca K. The STIM1 Phosphorylation Saga. Cell Calcium 2022; 103:102551. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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6
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Humer C, Romanin C, Höglinger C. Highlighting the Multifaceted Role of Orai1 N-Terminal- and Loop Regions for Proper CRAC Channel Functions. Cells 2022; 11:371. [PMID: 35159181 PMCID: PMC8834118 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Orai1, the Ca2+-selective pore in the plasma membrane, is one of the key components of the Ca2+release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channel complex. Activated by the Ca2+ sensor in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1), via direct interaction when ER luminal Ca2+ levels recede, Orai1 helps to maintain Ca2+ homeostasis within a cell. It has already been proven that the C-terminus of Orai1 is indispensable for channel activation. However, there is strong evidence that for CRAC channels to function properly and maintain all typical hallmarks, such as selectivity and reversal potential, additional parts of Orai1 are needed. In this review, we focus on these sites apart from the C-terminus; namely, the second loop and N-terminus of Orai1 and on their multifaceted role in the functioning of CRAC channels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carmen Höglinger
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstrasse 40, 4020 Linz, Austria; (C.H.); (C.R.)
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7
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Johnson J, Blackman R, Gross S, Soboloff J. Control of STIM and Orai function by post-translational modifications. Cell Calcium 2022; 103:102544. [PMID: 35151050 PMCID: PMC8960353 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) is mediated by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ sensors stromal interaction molecules (STIM1 and STIM2) and the plasma membrane Orai (Orai1, Orai2, Orai3) Ca2+ channels. Although primarily regulated by ER Ca2+ content, there have been numerous studies over the last 15 years demonstrating that all 5 proteins are also regulated through post-translational modification (PTM). Focusing primarily on phosphorylation, glycosylation and redox modification, this review focuses on how PTMs modulate the key events in SOCE; Ca2+ sensing, STIM translocation, Orai interaction and/or Orai1 activation.
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8
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Hammad AS, Yu F, Botheju WS, Elmi A, Alcantara-Adap E, Machaca K. Phosphorylation of STIM1 at ERK/CDK sites is dispensable for cell migration and ER partitioning in mitosis. Cell Calcium 2021; 100:102496. [PMID: 34715400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is a ubiquitous Ca2+ influx pathway required for multiple physiological functions including cell motility. SOCE is triggered in response to depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores following the activation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ sensor STIM1, which recruits the plasma membrane (PM) Ca2+ channel Orai1 at ER-PM junctions. STIM1 is phosphorylated dynamically, and this phosphorylation has been implicated in several processes including SOCE inactivation during M-phase, maximal SOCE activation, ER segregation during mitosis, and cell migration. Human STIM1 has 10 Ser/Thr residues in its cytosolic domain that match the ERK/CDK consensus phosphorylation. We recently generated a mouse knock-in line where wild-type STIM1 was replaced by a non-phosphorylatable STIM1 with all ten S/Ts mutated to Ala (STIM1-10A). Here, we generate mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) from the STIM1-10A mouse line and a control MEF line (WT) that express wild-type STIM1 from a congenic mouse strain. These lines offer a unique model to address the role of STIM1 phosphorylation at endogenous expression levels in contrast to previous studies that relied mostly on overexpression. We show that STIM1 phosphorylation at ERK/CDK sites is not required for SOCE activation, cell migration, or ER partitioning during mitosis. These results rule out STIM1 phosphorylation as a regulator of SOCE, migration, and ER distribution in mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayat S Hammad
- Calcium Signaling Group, Research Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar; College of Health and Life Science, Hamad bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fang Yu
- Calcium Signaling Group, Research Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar; Department of Physiology & Biophysicis, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | | | - Asha Elmi
- Calcium Signaling Group, Research Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar; College of Health and Life Science, Hamad bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ethel Alcantara-Adap
- Calcium Signaling Group, Research Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar; Department of Physiology & Biophysicis, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Khaled Machaca
- Calcium Signaling Group, Research Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar; Department of Physiology & Biophysicis, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA.
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9
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Wu B, Woo JS, Vila P, Jew M, Leung J, Sun Z, Srikanth S, Gwack Y. NKD2 mediates stimulation-dependent ORAI1 trafficking to augment Ca 2+ entry in T cells. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109603. [PMID: 34433025 PMCID: PMC8435239 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustained activation of the Ca2+-release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channel is pivotal for effector T cell responses. The mechanisms underlying this sustainability remain poorly understood. We find that plasma membrane localization of ORAI1, the pore subunit of CRAC channels, is limited in effector T cells, with a significant fraction trapped in intracellular vesicles. From a targeted screen, we identify an essential component of ORAI1+ vesicles, naked cuticle homolog 2 (NKD2). Mechanistically, NKD2, an adaptor molecule activated by signaling pathways downstream of T cell receptors, orchestrates trafficking and insertion of ORAI1+ vesicles to the plasma membrane. Together, our findings suggest that T cell receptor (TCR)-stimulation-dependent insertion of ORAI1 into the plasma membrane is essential for sustained Ca2+ signaling and cytokine production in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Wu
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles CA 90095, USA
| | - Jin Seok Woo
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles CA 90095, USA
| | - Pamela Vila
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles CA 90095, USA,Present address: Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, 14445 Olive View Drive, Sylmar, CA 91342, USA
| | - Marcus Jew
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles CA 90095, USA,Present address: Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, 757 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jennifer Leung
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles CA 90095, USA,Present address: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Zuoming Sun
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Therapy, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sonal Srikanth
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles CA 90095, USA.
| | - Yousang Gwack
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles CA 90095, USA.
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10
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Sánchez-Collado J, López JJ, Rosado JA. The Orai1-AC8 Interplay: How Breast Cancer Cells Escape from Orai1 Channel Inactivation. Cells 2021; 10:1308. [PMID: 34070268 PMCID: PMC8225208 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay between the Ca2+-sensitive adenylyl cyclase 8 (AC8) and Orai1 channels plays an important role both in the activation of the cAMP/PKA signaling and the modulation of Orai1-dependent Ca2+ signals. AC8 interacts with a N-terminal region that is exclusive to the Orai1 long variant, Orai1α. The interaction between both proteins allows the Ca2+ that enters the cell through Orai1α to activate the generation of cAMP by AC8. Subsequent PKA activation results in Orai1α inactivation by phosphorylation at serine-34, thus shaping Orai1-mediated cellular functions. In breast cancer cells, AC8 plays a relevant role supporting a variety of cancer hallmarks, including proliferation and migration. Breast cancer cells overexpress AC8, which shifts the AC8-Orai1 stoichiometry in favor of the former and leads to the impairment of PKA-dependent Orai1α inactivation. This mechanism contributes to the enhanced SOCE observed in triple-negative breast cancer cells. This review summarizes the functional interaction between AC8 and Orai1α in normal and breast cancer cells and its relevance for different cancer features.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José J. López
- Cellular Physiology Research Group, Department of Physiology, Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain;
| | - Juan A. Rosado
- Cellular Physiology Research Group, Department of Physiology, Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain;
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11
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Hodeify R, Dib M, Alcantara-Adap E, Courjaret R, Nader N, Reyes CZ, Hammad AS, Hubrack S, Yu F, Machaca K. The carboxy terminal coiled-coil modulates Orai1 internalization during meiosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2290. [PMID: 33504898 PMCID: PMC7840751 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82048-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of Ca2+ signaling is critical for the progression of cell division, especially during meiosis to prepare the egg for fertilization. The primary Ca2+ influx pathway in oocytes is Store-Operated Ca2+ Entry (SOCE). SOCE is tightly regulated during meiosis, including internalization of the SOCE channel, Orai1. Orai1 is a four-pass membrane protein with cytosolic N- and C-termini. Orai1 internalization requires a caveolin binding motif (CBM) in the N-terminus as well as the C-terminal cytosolic domain. However, the molecular determinant for Orai1 endocytosis in the C-terminus are not known. Here we show that the Orai1 C-terminus modulates Orai1 endocytosis during meiosis through a structural motif that is based on the strength of the C-terminal intersubunit coiled coil (CC) domains. Deletion mutants show that a minimal C-terminal sequence after transmembrane domain 4 (residues 260–275) supports Orai1 internalization. We refer to this region as the C-terminus Internalization Handle (CIH). Access to CIH however is dependent on the strength of the intersubunit CC. Mutants that increase the stability of the coiled coil prevent internalization independent of specific mutation. We further used human and Xenopus Orai isoforms with different propensity to form C-terminal CC and show a strong correlation between the strength of the CC and Orai internalization. Furthermore, Orai1 internalization does not depend on clathrin, flotillin or PIP2. Collectively these results argue that Orai1 internalization requires both the N-terminal CBM and C-terminal CIH where access to CIH is controlled by the strength of intersubunit C-terminal CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawad Hodeify
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Ca2+ signaling Group, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Biotechnology, American University of Ras Al Khaimah, Ras al Khaimah, UAE
| | - Maya Dib
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Ca2+ signaling Group, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ethel Alcantara-Adap
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Ca2+ signaling Group, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Raphael Courjaret
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Ca2+ signaling Group, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nancy Nader
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Ca2+ signaling Group, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Cleo Z Reyes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Ca2+ signaling Group, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.,Lehigh Valley Health Network, Allentown, PA, USA
| | - Ayat S Hammad
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Satanay Hubrack
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Ca2+ signaling Group, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.,Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fang Yu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Ca2+ signaling Group, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khaled Machaca
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Ca2+ signaling Group, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
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12
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Berlansky S, Humer C, Sallinger M, Frischauf I. More Than Just Simple Interaction between STIM and Orai Proteins: CRAC Channel Function Enabled by a Network of Interactions with Regulatory Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E471. [PMID: 33466526 PMCID: PMC7796502 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcium-release-activated calcium (CRAC) channel, activated by the release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), is critical for Ca2+ homeostasis and active signal transduction in a plethora of cell types. Spurred by the long-sought decryption of the molecular nature of the CRAC channel, considerable scientific effort has been devoted to gaining insights into functional and structural mechanisms underlying this signalling cascade. Key players in CRAC channel function are the Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and Orai1. STIM1 proteins span through the membrane of the ER, are competent in sensing luminal Ca2+ concentration, and in turn, are responsible for relaying the signal of Ca2+ store-depletion to pore-forming Orai1 proteins in the plasma membrane. A direct interaction of STIM1 and Orai1 allows for the re-entry of Ca2+ from the extracellular space. Although much is already known about the structure, function, and interaction of STIM1 and Orai1, there is growing evidence that CRAC under physiological conditions is dependent on additional proteins to function properly. Several auxiliary proteins have been shown to regulate CRAC channel activity by means of direct interactions with STIM1 and/or Orai1, promoting or hindering Ca2+ influx in a mechanistically diverse manner. Various proteins have also been identified to exert a modulatory role on the CRAC signalling cascade although inherently lacking an affinity for both STIM1 and Orai1. Apart from ubiquitously expressed representatives, a subset of such regulatory mechanisms seems to allow for a cell-type-specific control of CRAC channel function, considering the rather restricted expression patterns of the specific proteins. Given the high functional and clinical relevance of both generic and cell-type-specific interacting networks, the following review shall provide a comprehensive summary of regulators of the multilayered CRAC channel signalling cascade. It also includes proteins expressed in a narrow spectrum of cells and tissues that are often disregarded in other reviews of similar topics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Irene Frischauf
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, 4020 Linz, Austria; (S.B.); (C.H.); (M.S.)
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13
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Kim JH, Park EY, Hwang KH, Park KS, Choi SJ, Cha SK. Soluble αKlotho downregulates Orai1-mediated store-operated Ca 2+ entry via PI3K-dependent signaling. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:647-658. [PMID: 33386992 PMCID: PMC8049930 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02510-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
αKlotho is a type 1 transmembrane anti-aging protein. αKlotho-deficient mice have premature aging phenotypes and an imbalance of ion homeostasis including Ca2+ and phosphate. Soluble αKlotho is known to regulate multiple ion channels and growth factor-mediated phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) signaling. Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) mediated by pore-forming subunit Orai1 and ER Ca2+ sensor STIM1 is a ubiquitous Ca2+ influx mechanism and has been implicated in multiple diseases. However, it is currently unknown whether soluble αKlotho regulates Orai1-mediated SOCE via PI3K-dependent signaling. Among the Klotho family, αKlotho downregulates SOCE while βKlotho or γKlotho does not affect SOCE. Soluble αKlotho suppresses serum-stimulated SOCE and Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channel currents. Serum increases the cell-surface abundance of Orai1 via stimulating vesicular exocytosis of the channel. The serum-stimulated SOCE and cell-surface abundance of Orai1 are inhibited by the preincubation of αKlotho protein or PI3K inhibitors. Moreover, the inhibition of SOCE and cell-surface abundance of Orai1 by pretreatment of brefeldin A or tetanus toxin or PI3K inhibitors prevents further inhibition by αKlotho. Functionally, we further show that soluble αKlotho ameliorates serum-stimulated SOCE and cell migration in breast and lung cancer cells. These results demonstrate that soluble αKlotho downregulates SOCE by inhibiting PI3K-driven vesicular exocytosis of the Orai1 channel and contributes to the suppression of SOCE-mediated tumor cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hee Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, 20 Ilsan-ro, Wonju, Gangwondo, 26426, Republic of Korea
- Department of Global Medical Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
- Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Mitochondrial Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Park
- Department of Global Medical Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, 20 Ilsan-ro, Wonju, Gangwondo, 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Hee Hwang
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, 20 Ilsan-ro, Wonju, Gangwondo, 26426, Republic of Korea
- Department of Global Medical Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
- Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Mitochondrial Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Sang Park
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, 20 Ilsan-ro, Wonju, Gangwondo, 26426, Republic of Korea
- Department of Global Medical Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
- Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Mitochondrial Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jin Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, 20 Ilsan-ro, Wonju, Gangwondo, 26426, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Kuy Cha
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, 20 Ilsan-ro, Wonju, Gangwondo, 26426, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Global Medical Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea.
- Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Mitochondrial Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Tiffner A, Derler I. Molecular Choreography and Structure of Ca 2+ Release-Activated Ca 2+ (CRAC) and K Ca2+ Channels and Their Relevance in Disease with Special Focus on Cancer. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10120425. [PMID: 33333945 PMCID: PMC7765462 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10120425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+ ions play a variety of roles in the human body as well as within a single cell. Cellular Ca2+ signal transduction processes are governed by Ca2+ sensing and Ca2+ transporting proteins. In this review, we discuss the Ca2+ and the Ca2+-sensing ion channels with particular focus on the structure-function relationship of the Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) ion channel, the Ca2+-activated K+ (KCa2+) ion channels, and their modulation via other cellular components. Moreover, we highlight their roles in healthy signaling processes as well as in disease with a special focus on cancer. As KCa2+ channels are activated via elevations of intracellular Ca2+ levels, we summarize the current knowledge on the action mechanisms of the interplay of CRAC and KCa2+ ion channels and their role in cancer cell development.
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15
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Stein P, Savy V, Williams AM, Williams CJ. Modulators of calcium signalling at fertilization. Open Biol 2020; 10:200118. [PMID: 32673518 PMCID: PMC7574550 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) signals initiate egg activation across the animal kingdom and in at least some plants. These signals are crucial for the success of development and, in the case of mammals, health of the offspring. The mechanisms associated with fertilization that trigger these signals and the molecules that regulate their characteristic patterns vary widely. With few exceptions, a major contributor to fertilization-induced elevation in cytoplasmic Ca2+ is release from endoplasmic reticulum stores through the IP3 receptor. In some cases, Ca2+ influx from the extracellular space and/or release from alternative intracellular stores contribute to the rise in cytoplasmic Ca2+. Following the Ca2+ rise, the reuptake of Ca2+ into intracellular stores or efflux of Ca2+ out of the egg drive the return of cytoplasmic Ca2+ back to baseline levels. The molecular mediators of these Ca2+ fluxes in different organisms include Ca2+ release channels, uptake channels, exchangers and pumps. The functions of these mediators are regulated by their particular activating mechanisms but also by alterations in their expression and spatial organization. We discuss here the molecular basis for modulation of Ca2+ signalling at fertilization, highlighting differences across several animal phyla, and we mention key areas where questions remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Stein
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Virginia Savy
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Audrey M. Williams
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Carmen J. Williams
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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16
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Butorac C, Krizova A, Derler I. Review: Structure and Activation Mechanisms of CRAC Channels. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1131:547-604. [PMID: 31646526 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12457-1_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+ release activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels represent a primary pathway for Ca2+ to enter non-excitable cells. The two key players in this process are the stromal interaction molecule (STIM), a Ca2+ sensor embedded in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum, and Orai, a highly Ca2+ selective ion channel located in the plasma membrane. Upon depletion of the internal Ca2+ stores, STIM is activated, oligomerizes, couples to and activates Orai. This review provides an overview of novel findings about the CRAC channel activation mechanisms, structure and gating. In addition, it highlights, among diverse STIM and Orai mutants, also the disease-related mutants and their implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Butorac
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University of Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Adéla Krizova
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University of Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Isabella Derler
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University of Linz, Linz, Austria.
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17
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Remodeling of ER-plasma membrane contact sites but not STIM1 phosphorylation inhibits Ca 2+ influx in mitosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:10392-10401. [PMID: 31064875 PMCID: PMC6535005 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1821399116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms blocking Ca2+ influx in mitosis are complex and involve a decrease in stable endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–plasma membrane (PM) contact sites and degradation of the ER Ca2+ sensor stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) but not its phosphorylation. This challenges the current view that STIM1 phosphorylation is essential for mitotic store-operated Ca2+ entry inhibition and sheds light on the dynamics of ER–PM contact sites and of Ca2+ influx in mitosis. Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), mediated by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ sensor stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and the plasma membrane (PM) channel Orai1, is inhibited during mitosis. STIM1 phosphorylation has been suggested to mediate this inhibition, but it is unclear whether additional pathways are involved. Here, we demonstrate using various approaches, including a nonphosphorylatable STIM1 knock-in mouse, that STIM1 phosphorylation is not required for SOCE inhibition in mitosis. Rather, multiple pathways converge to inhibit Ca2+ influx in mitosis. STIM1 interacts with the cochaperone BAG3 and localizes to autophagosomes in mitosis, and STIM1 protein levels are reduced. The density of ER–PM contact sites (CSs) is also dramatically reduced in mitosis, thus physically preventing STIM1 and Orai1 from interacting to activate SOCE. Our findings provide insights into ER–PM CS remodeling during mitosis and a mechanistic explanation of the inhibition of Ca2+ influx that is required for cell cycle progression.
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18
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Wakai T, Fissore RA. Constitutive IP 3R1-mediated Ca 2+ release reduces Ca 2+ store content and stimulates mitochondrial metabolism in mouse GV oocytes. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.225441. [PMID: 30659110 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.225441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, fertilization initiates Ca2+ oscillations in metaphase II oocytes, which are required for the activation of embryo development. Germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes also display Ca2+ oscillations, although these unfold spontaneously in the absence of any known agonist(s) and their function remains unclear. We found that the main intracellular store of Ca2+ in GV oocytes, the endoplasmic reticulum ([Ca2+]ER), constitutively 'leaks' Ca2+ through the type 1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor. The [Ca2+]ER leak ceases around the resumption of meiosis, the GV breakdown (GVBD) stage, which coincides with the first noticeable accumulation of Ca2+ in the stores. It also concurs with downregulation of the Ca2+ influx and termination of the oscillations, which seemed underpinned by the inactivation of the putative plasma membrane Ca2+ channels. Lastly, we demonstrate that mitochondria take up Ca2+ during the Ca2+ oscillations, mounting their own oscillations that stimulate the mitochondrial redox state and increase the ATP levels of GV oocytes. These distinct features of Ca2+ homeostasis in GV oocytes are likely to underpin the acquisition of both maturation and developmental competence, as well as fulfill stage-specific cellular functions during oocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Wakai
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 661 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Rafael A Fissore
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 661 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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19
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Hodeify R, Nandakumar M, Own M, Courjaret RJ, Graumann J, Hubrack SZ, Machaca K. The CCT chaperonin is a novel regulator of Ca 2+ signaling through modulation of Orai1 trafficking. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaau1935. [PMID: 30263962 PMCID: PMC6157965 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau1935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) encodes a range of cellular responses downstream of Ca2+ influx through the SOCE channel Orai1. Orai1 recycles at the plasma membrane (PM), with ~40% of the total Orai1 pool residing at the PM at steady state. The mechanisms regulating Orai1 recycling remain poorly understood. We map the domains in Orai1 that are required for its trafficking to and recycling at the PM. We further identify, using biochemical and proteomic approaches, the CCT [chaperonin-containing TCP-1 (T-complex protein 1)] chaperonin complex as a novel regulator of Orai1 recycling by primarily regulating Orai1 endocytosis. We show that Orai1 interacts with CCT through its intracellular loop and that inhibition of CCT-Orai1 interaction increases Orai1 PM residence. This increased residence is functionally significant as it results in prolonged Ca2+ signaling, early formation of STIM1-Orai1 puncta, and more rapid activation of NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells) downstream of SOCE. Therefore, the CCT chaperonin is a novel regulator of Orai1 trafficking and, as such, a modulator of Ca2+ signaling and effector activation kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawad Hodeify
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Manjula Nandakumar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maryam Own
- Medical Program, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Raphael J. Courjaret
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Johannes Graumann
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Satanay Z. Hubrack
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khaled Machaca
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
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20
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Carvacho I, Piesche M, Maier TJ, Machaca K. Ion Channel Function During Oocyte Maturation and Fertilization. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:63. [PMID: 29998105 PMCID: PMC6028574 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The proper maturation of both male and female gametes is essential for supporting fertilization and the early embryonic divisions. In the ovary, immature fully-grown oocytes that are arrested in prophase I of meiosis I are not able to support fertilization. Acquiring fertilization competence requires resumption of meiosis which encompasses the remodeling of multiple signaling pathways and the reorganization of cellular organelles. Collectively, this differentiation endows the egg with the ability to activate at fertilization and to promote the egg-to-embryo transition. Oocyte maturation is associated with changes in the electrical properties of the plasma membrane and alterations in the function and distribution of ion channels. Therefore, variations on the pattern of expression, distribution, and function of ion channels and transporters during oocyte maturation are fundamental to reproductive success. Ion channels and transporters are important in regulating membrane potential, but also in the case of calcium (Ca2+), they play a critical role in modulating intracellular signaling pathways. In the context of fertilization, Ca2+ has been shown to be the universal activator of development at fertilization, playing a central role in early events associated with egg activation and the egg-to-embryo transition. These early events include the block of polyspermy, the completion of meiosis and the transition to the embryonic mitotic divisions. In this review, we discuss the role of ion channels during oocyte maturation, fertilization and early embryonic development. We will describe how ion channel studies in Xenopus oocytes, an extensively studied model of oocyte maturation, translate into a greater understanding of the role of ion channels in mammalian oocyte physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Carvacho
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Matthias Piesche
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Medicine Faculty, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Thorsten J. Maier
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Khaled Machaca
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell-Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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21
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Tam KC, Ali E, Hua J, Chataway T, Barritt GJ. Evidence for the interaction of peroxiredoxin-4 with the store-operated calcium channel activator STIM1 in liver cells. Cell Calcium 2018; 74:14-28. [PMID: 29804005 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+ entry through store-operated Ca2+ channels (SOCs) in the plasma membrane (PM) of hepatocytes plays a central role in the hormonal regulation of liver metabolism. SOCs are composed of Orai1, the channel pore protein, and STIM1, the activator protein, and are regulated by hormones and reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition to Orai1, STIM1 also interacts with several other intracellular proteins. Most previous studies of the cellular functions of Orai1 and STIM1 have employed immortalised cells in culture expressing ectopic proteins tagged with a fluorescent polypeptide such as GFP. Little is known about the intracellular distributions of endogenous Orai1 and STIM1. The aims are to determine the intracellular distribution of endogenous Orai1 and STIM1 in hepatocytes and to identify novel STIM1 binding proteins. Subcellular fractions of rat liver were prepared by homogenisation and differential centrifugation. Orai1 and STIM1 were identified and quantified by western blot. Orai1 was found in the PM (0.03%), heavy (44%) and light (27%) microsomal fractions, and STIM1 in the PM (0.09%), and heavy (85%) and light (13%) microsomal fractions. Immunoprecipitation of STIM1 followed by LC/MS or western blot identified peroxiredoxin-4 (Prx-4) as a potential STIM1 binding protein. Prx-4 was found principally in the heavy microsomal fraction. Knockdown of Prx-4 using siRNA, or inhibition of Prx-4 using conoidin A, did not affect Ca2+ entry through SOCs but rendered SOCs susceptible to inhibition by H2O2. It is concluded that, in hepatocytes, a considerable proportion of endogenous Orai1 and STIM1 is located in the rough ER. In the rough ER, STIM1 interacts with Prx-4, and this interaction may contribute to the regulation by ROS of STIM1 and SOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Cheung Tam
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - Eunus Ali
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - Jin Hua
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - Tim Chataway
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - Greg J Barritt
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia.
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22
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Zhang L, Chao CH, Jaeger LA, Papp AB, Machaty Z. Calcium oscillations in fertilized pig oocytes are associated with repetitive interactions between STIM1 and ORAI1. Biol Reprod 2018; 98:510-519. [PMID: 29365044 PMCID: PMC5905661 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ca2+ entry mechanism that sustains the Ca2+ oscillations in fertilized pig oocytes was investigated. Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and ORAI1 proteins tagged with various fluorophores were expressed in the oocytes. In some cells, the Ca2+ stores were depleted using cyclopiazonic acid (CPA); others were inseminated. Changes in the oocytes' cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration were monitored, while interaction between the expressed fusion proteins was investigated using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Store depletion led to an increase of the FRET signal in oocytes co-expressing mVenus-STIM1 and mTurquoise2-ORAI1, indicating that Ca2+ release was followed by an interaction between these proteins. A similar FRET increase in response to CPA was also detected in oocytes co-expressing mVenus-STIM1 and mTurquoise2-STIM1, which is consistent with STIM1 forming punctae after store depletion. ML-9, an inhibitor that can interfere with STIM1 puncta formation, blocked store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) induced by Ca2+ add-back after a CPA treatment; it also disrupted the Ca2+ oscillations in fertilized oocytes. In addition, oocytes overexpressing mVenus-STIM1 showed high-frequency Ca2+ oscillations when fertilized, arguing for an active role of the protein. High-frequency Ca2+ oscillations were also detected in fertilized oocytes co-expressing mVenus-STIM1 and mTurquoise2-ORAI1, and both of these high-frequency Ca2+ oscillations could be stopped by inhibitors of SOCE. Importantly, in oocytes co-expressing mVenus-STIM1 and mTurquoise2-ORAI1, we were also able to detect cyclic increases of the FRET signal indicating repetitive interactions between STIM1 and ORAI1. The results confirm the notion that in pig oocytes, SOCE is involved in the maintenance of the repetitive Ca2+ transients at fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Laurie A Jaeger
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Agnes Bali Papp
- Department of Animal Sciences, Széchenyi István University, Győr, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Machaty
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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23
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Nader N, Dib M, Courjaret R, Hodeify R, Machaca R, Graumann J, Machaca K. VLDL receptor regulates membrane progesterone receptor trafficking and non-genomic signaling. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.212522. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.212522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Progesterone mediates its physiological functions through activation of both transcription-coupled nuclear receptors and 7-transmembrane progesterone receptors (mPRs) that transduce progesterone's rapid non-genomic actions by coupling to various signaling modules. However, the immediate mechanisms of action downstream of mPRs remain in question. Herein we use an untargeted quantitative proteomics approach to identify mPR interactors to better define progesterone non-genomic signaling. Surprisingly, we identify the VLDL Receptor (VLDLR) as an mPR partner required for its plasma membrane localization. Knocking down VLDLR abolishes non-genomic progesterone signaling, a phenotype that is rescued by overexpressing VLDLR. Mechanistically, we show that the VLDLR is required for mPR trafficking from the ER to the Golgi. Taken together, our data define a novel function for the VLDLR as a trafficking chaperone required for the mPR subcellular localization and as such non-genomic progesterone-dependent signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Nader
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Education City – Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maya Dib
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Education City – Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Raphael Courjaret
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Education City – Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rawad Hodeify
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Education City – Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Raya Machaca
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Education City – Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Johannes Graumann
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Education City – Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khaled Machaca
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Education City – Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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24
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Bohórquez-Hernández A, Gratton E, Pacheco J, Asanov A, Vaca L. Cholesterol modulates the cellular localization of Orai1 channels and its disposition among membrane domains. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1862:1481-1490. [PMID: 28919480 PMCID: PMC5902182 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Store Operated Calcium Entry (SOCE) is one of the most important mechanisms for calcium mobilization in to the cell. Two main proteins sustain SOCE: STIM1 that acts as the calcium sensor in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Orai1 responsible for calcium influx upon depletion of ER. There are many studies indicating that SOCE is modulated by the cholesterol content of the plasma membrane (PM). However, a myriad of questions remain unanswered concerning the precise molecular mechanism by which cholesterol modulates SOCE. In the present study we found that reducing PM cholesterol results in the internalization of Orai1 channels, which can be prevented by overexpressing caveolin 1 (Cav1). Furthermore, Cav1 and Orai1 associate upon SOCE activation as revealed by FRET and coimmunoprecipitation assays. The effects of reducing cholesterol were not limited to an increased rate of Orai1 internalization, but also, affects the lateral movement of Orai1, inducing movement in a linear pattern (unobstructed diffusion) opposite to basal cholesterol conditions were most of Orai1 channels moves in a confined space, as assessed by Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy, Cav1 overexpression inhibited these alterations maintaining Orai1 into a confined and partially confined movement. These results not only highlight the complex effect of cholesterol regulation on SOCE, but also indicate a direct regulatory effect on Orai1 localization and compartmentalization by this lipid.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bohórquez-Hernández
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Enrico Gratton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, 3210 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, CA 92697-2715, USA
| | - Jonathan Pacheco
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | | | - Luis Vaca
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico.
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25
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Fertility: Store-Operated Ca 2+ Entry in Germ Cells: Role in Egg Activation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 993:577-593. [PMID: 28900934 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-57732-6_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
At the time of fertilization, the sperm activates the egg and induces embryonic development by triggering an elevation in the egg's intracellular free Ca2+ concentration. In mammals the initial Ca2+ rise is followed by a series of repetitive Ca2+ transients (known as oscillations) that last for several hours. Although the source of Ca2+ during the signaling process is primarily the egg's smooth endoplasmic reticulum, the oscillations stop in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ indicating that a Ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane is essential to sustain them. Depletion of the intracellular stores using specific inhibitors generates a Ca2+ entry across the plasma membrane of eggs of various species, and a continuous influx of Ca2+ has been linked to the sperm-induced Ca2+ oscillations in the mouse; these data indicate that store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) operates in eggs and may be the mechanism that maintains the long-lasting Ca2+ signal at fertilization. Recent findings suggest that the signaling proteins STIM1 and Orai1 are present in eggs; they are responsible for mediating SOCE, and their functions are essential for proper Ca2+ signaling at fertilization to support normal embryo development.
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26
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Pacheco J, Vaca L. STIM-TRP Pathways and Microdomain Organization: Auxiliary Proteins of the STIM/Orai Complex. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 993:189-210. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-57732-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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28
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Courjaret R, Machaca K. Xenopus Oocyte As a Model System to Study Store-Operated Ca(2+) Entry (SOCE). Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:66. [PMID: 27446917 PMCID: PMC4919926 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is a ubiquitous Ca2+ influx pathway at the cell membrane that is regulated by Ca2+ content in intracellular stores. SOCE is important for a multitude of physiological processes, including muscle development, T-cell activation, and fertilization. Therefore, understanding the molecular regulation of SOCE is imperative. SOCE activation requires conformational and spatial changes in proteins located in both the endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane. This leads to the generation of an ionic current of very small amplitude. Both biochemical and electrophysiological parameters of SOCE can be difficult to record in small mammalian cells. In this protocol we present the different methodologies that enable the study of SOCE in a unique model system, the frog oocyte, which provides several advantages and have contributed significantly to our understanding of SOCE regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Courjaret
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation Doha, Qatar
| | - Khaled Machaca
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation Doha, Qatar
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29
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Courjaret R, Hodeify R, Hubrack S, Ibrahim A, Dib M, Daas S, Machaca K. The Ca2+-activated Cl- channel Ano1 controls microvilli length and membrane surface area in the oocyte. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:2548-58. [PMID: 27173493 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.188367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channels (CaCCs) play important physiological functions in epithelia and other tissues. In frog oocytes the CaCC Ano1 regulates resting membrane potential and the block to polyspermy. Here, we show that Ano1 expression increases the oocyte surface, revealing a novel function for Ano1 in regulating cell morphology. Confocal imaging shows that Ano1 increases microvilli length, which requires ERM-protein-dependent linkage to the cytoskeleton. A dominant-negative form of the ERM protein moesin precludes the Ano1-dependent increase in membrane area. Furthermore, both full-length and the truncated dominant-negative forms of moesin co-localize with Ano1 to the microvilli, and the two proteins co-immunoprecipitate. The Ano1-moesin interaction limits Ano1 lateral membrane mobility and contributes to microvilli scaffolding, therefore stabilizing larger membrane structures. Collectively, these results reveal a newly identified role for Ano1 in shaping the plasma membrane during oogenesis, with broad implications for the regulation of microvilli in epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Courjaret
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City - Qatar Foundation, Luqta Street, PO Box 24144, Doha 24144, Qatar
| | - Rawad Hodeify
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City - Qatar Foundation, Luqta Street, PO Box 24144, Doha 24144, Qatar
| | - Satanay Hubrack
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City - Qatar Foundation, Luqta Street, PO Box 24144, Doha 24144, Qatar
| | - Awab Ibrahim
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City - Qatar Foundation, Luqta Street, PO Box 24144, Doha 24144, Qatar
| | - Maya Dib
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City - Qatar Foundation, Luqta Street, PO Box 24144, Doha 24144, Qatar
| | - Sahar Daas
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City - Qatar Foundation, Luqta Street, PO Box 24144, Doha 24144, Qatar
| | - Khaled Machaca
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City - Qatar Foundation, Luqta Street, PO Box 24144, Doha 24144, Qatar
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Extracellular Calcium Has Multiple Targets to Control Cell Proliferation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 898:133-56. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-26974-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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31
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Chen YW, Chen YF, Chen YT, Chiu WT, Shen MR. The STIM1-Orai1 pathway of store-operated Ca2+ entry controls the checkpoint in cell cycle G1/S transition. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22142. [PMID: 26917047 PMCID: PMC4768259 DOI: 10.1038/srep22142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca(2+) signaling is important to trigger the cell cycle progression, while it remains elusive in the regulatory mechanisms. Here we show that store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE), mediated by the interaction between STIM1 (an endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) sensor) and Orai1 (a cell membrane pore structure), controls the specific checkpoint of cell cycle. The fluctuating SOCE activity during cell cycle progression is universal in different cell types, in which SOCE is upregulated in G1/S transition and downregulated from S to G2/M transition. Pharmacological or siRNA inhibition of STIM1-Orai1 pathway of SOCE inhibits the phosphorylation of CDK2 and upregulates the expression of cyclin E, resulting in autophagy accompanied with cell cycle arrest in G1/S transition. The subsequently transient expression of STIM1 cDNA in STIM1(-/-) MEF rescues the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of CDK2, suggesting that STIM1-mediated SOCE activation directly regulates CDK2 activity. Opposite to the important role of SOCE in controlling G1/S transition, the downregulated SOCE is a passive phenomenon from S to G2/M transition. This study uncovers SOCE-mediated Ca(2+) microdomain that is the molecular basis for the Ca(2+) sensitivity controlling G1/S transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Wen Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Fung Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,PhD Program in Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ting Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tai Chiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ru Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Advanced Optoelectronic Technology Center, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Machaty Z. Signal transduction in mammalian oocytes during fertilization. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 363:169-183. [PMID: 26453398 PMCID: PMC4700098 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2291-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian embryo development begins when the fertilizing sperm triggers a series of elevations in the oocyte's intracellular free Ca(2+) concentration. The elevations are the result of repeated release and re-uptake of Ca(2+) stored in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Ca(2+) release is primarily mediated by the phosphoinositide signaling system of the oocyte. The system is stimulated when the sperm causes the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) into inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG); IP3 then binds its receptor on the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum that induces Ca(2+) release. The manner in which the sperm generates IP3, the Ca(2+) mobilizing second messenger, has been the subject of extensive research for a long time. The sperm factor hypothesis has eventually gained general acceptance, according to which it is a molecule from the sperm that diffuses into the ooplasm and stimulates the phosphoinositide cascade. Much evidence now indicates that the sperm-derived factor is phospholipase C-zeta (PLCζ) that cleaves PIP2 and generates IP3, eventually leading to oocyte activation. A recent addition to the candidate sperm factor list is the post-acrosomal sheath WW domain-binding protein (PAWP), whose role at fertilization is currently under debate. Ca(2+) influx across the plasma membrane is also important as, in the absence of extracellular Ca(2+), the oscillations run down prematurely. In pig oocytes, the influx that sustains the oscillations seems to be regulated by the filling status of the stores, whereas in the mouse other mechanisms might be involved. This work summarizes the current understanding of Ca(2+) signaling in mammalian oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Machaty
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, 915 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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Abstract
Store-operated calcium channels (SOCs) are a major pathway for calcium signaling in virtually all metozoan cells and serve a wide variety of functions ranging from gene expression, motility, and secretion to tissue and organ development and the immune response. SOCs are activated by the depletion of Ca(2+) from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), triggered physiologically through stimulation of a diverse set of surface receptors. Over 15 years after the first characterization of SOCs through electrophysiology, the identification of the STIM proteins as ER Ca(2+) sensors and the Orai proteins as store-operated channels has enabled rapid progress in understanding the unique mechanism of store-operate calcium entry (SOCE). Depletion of Ca(2+) from the ER causes STIM to accumulate at ER-plasma membrane (PM) junctions where it traps and activates Orai channels diffusing in the closely apposed PM. Mutagenesis studies combined with recent structural insights about STIM and Orai proteins are now beginning to reveal the molecular underpinnings of these choreographic events. This review describes the major experimental advances underlying our current understanding of how ER Ca(2+) depletion is coupled to the activation of SOCs. Particular emphasis is placed on the molecular mechanisms of STIM and Orai activation, Orai channel properties, modulation of STIM and Orai function, pharmacological inhibitors of SOCE, and the functions of STIM and Orai in physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali Prakriya
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; and Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Richard S Lewis
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; and Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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Hodeify R, Selvaraj S, Wen J, Arredouani A, Hubrack S, Dib M, Al-Thani SN, McGraw T, Machaca K. A STIM1-dependent 'trafficking trap' mechanism regulates Orai1 plasma membrane residence and Ca²⁺ influx levels. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:3143-54. [PMID: 26116575 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.172320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The key proteins mediating store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) are the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca(2+) sensor STIM1 and the plasma membrane Ca(2+)-selective channel Orai1. Here, we quantitatively dissect Orai1 trafficking dynamics and show that Orai1 recycles rapidly at the plasma membrane (Kex≃0.1 min(-1)), with ∼40% of the total Orai1 pool localizing to the plasma membrane at steady state. A subset of intracellular Orai1 localizes to a sub-plasmalemal compartment. Store depletion is coupled to Orai1 plasma membrane enrichment in a STIM1-dependent fashion. This is due to trapping of Orai1 into cortical ER STIM1 clusters, leading to its removal from the recycling pool and enrichment at the plasma membrane. Interestingly, upon high STIM1 expression, Orai1 is trapped into STIM1 clusters intracellularly, thus preventing its plasma membrane enrichment following store depletion. Consistent with this, STIM1 knockdown prevents trapping of excess Orai1 into limiting STIM1 clusters in the cortical ER. SOCE-dependent Ca(2+) influx shows a similar biphasic dependence on the Orai1:STIM1 ratio. Therefore, a STIM1-dependent Orai1 'trafficking trap' mechanism controls Orai1 plasma membrane enrichment and SOCE levels, thus modulating the SOCE 'bandwidth' for downstream signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawad Hodeify
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, PO Box 24144, Qatar
| | - Senthil Selvaraj
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, PO Box 24144, Qatar
| | - Jennifer Wen
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, 10021 USA
| | - Abdelilah Arredouani
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, PO Box 24144, Qatar
| | - Satanay Hubrack
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, PO Box 24144, Qatar
| | - Maya Dib
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, PO Box 24144, Qatar
| | - Sara N Al-Thani
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, PO Box 24144, Qatar
| | - Timothy McGraw
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, 10021 USA
| | - Khaled Machaca
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, PO Box 24144, Qatar
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35
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Wang C, Zhang L, Jaeger LA, Machaty Z. Store-Operated Ca2+ Entry Sustains the Fertilization Ca2+ Signal in Pig Eggs. Biol Reprod 2015; 93:25. [PMID: 26063872 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.126151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) in the maintenance of sperm-induced Ca(2+) oscillations was investigated in porcine eggs. We found that 10 μM gadolinium (Gd(3+)), which is known to inhibit SOCE, blocked Ca(2+) entry that was triggered by thapsigargin-induced store depletion and also caused an abrupt cessation of the fertilization Ca(2+) signal. In a similar manner 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole 2 (20 μM), and tetrapandin-2 (10 μM), potent SOCE inhibitors, also blocked thapsigargin-stimulated Ca(2+) entry and disrupted the Ca(2+) oscillations after sperm-egg fusion. The downregulation of Stim1 or Orai1 in the eggs did not alter the Ca(2+) content of the intracellular stores, whereas co-overexpression of these proteins led to the generation of irregular Ca(2+) transients after fertilization that stopped prematurely. We also found that thapsigargin completely emptied the endoplasmic reticulum, and that the series of Ca(2+) transients stopped abruptly after the addition of thapsigargin to the fertilized eggs, indicating that the proper reloading of the intracellular stores is a prerequisite for the maintenance of the Ca(2+) oscillations. These data strengthen our previous findings that in porcine eggs SOCE is a major signaling cascade that is responsible for sustaining the repetitive Ca(2+) signal at fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmin Wang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Laurie A Jaeger
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Zoltan Machaty
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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Kito H, Yamamura H, Suzuki Y, Yamamura H, Ohya S, Asai K, Imaizumi Y. Regulation of store-operated Ca2+ entry activity by cell cycle dependent up-regulation of Orai2 in brain capillary endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 459:457-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.02.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Thompson JL, Shuttleworth TJ. Anchoring protein AKAP79-mediated PKA phosphorylation of STIM1 determines selective activation of the ARC channel, a store-independent Orai channel. J Physiol 2015; 593:559-72. [PMID: 25504574 PMCID: PMC4324705 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.284182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Although both the calcium store-dependent CRAC channels and the store-independent ARC channels are regulated by the protein STIM1, CRAC channels are regulated by STIM1 in the endoplasmic reticulum, whilst ARC channels are regulated by the STIM1 constitutively resident in the plasma membrane. We now demonstrate that activation of the ARC channels, but not CRAC channels, is uniquely dependent on phosphorylation of a single residue (T389) in the extensive cytosolic domain of STIM1 by protein kinase A. We further demonstrate that the phosphorylation of the T389 residue by protein kinase A is mediated by the association of plasma membrane STIM1 with the scaffolding protein AKAP79. Together, these findings indicate that the phosphorylation status of this single residue in STIM1 represents a key molecular determinant of the relative activities of these two co-existing Ca(2+) entry channels that are known to play critical, but distinct, roles in modulating a variety of physiologically relevant activities. ABSTRACT The low-conductance, highly calcium-selective channels encoded by the Orai family of proteins represent a major pathway for the agonist-induced entry of calcium associated with the generation and modulation of the key intracellular calcium signals that initiate and control a wide variety of physiologically important processes in cells. There are two distinct members of this channel family that co-exist endogenously in many cell types: the store-operated Ca(2+) release-activated CRAC channels and the store-independent arachidonic acid-regulated ARC channels. Although the activities of both channels are regulated by the stromal-interacting molecule-1 (STIM1) protein, two distinct pools of this protein are responsible, with the major pool of STIM1 in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane regulating CRAC channel activity, whilst the minor pool of plasma membrane STIM1 regulates ARC channel activity. We now show that a critical feature in determining this selective activation of the two channels is the phosphorylation status of a single threonine residue (T389) within the extensive (∼450 residue) cytosolic domain of STIM1. Specifically, protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated phosphorylation of T389 of STIM1 is necessary for effective activation of the ARC channels, whilst phosphorylation of the same residue actually inhibits the ability of STIM1 to activate the CRAC channels. We further demonstrate that the PKA-mediated phosphorylation of T389 occurs at the plasma membrane via the involvement of the anchoring protein AKAP79, which is constitutively associated with the pool of STIM1 in the plasma membrane. The novel mechanism we have described provides a means for the cell to precisely regulate the relative activities of these two channels to independently modulate the resulting intracellular calcium signals in a physiologically relevant manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill L Thompson
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Trevor J Shuttleworth
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochester, NY, 14642, USA
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Nader N, Dib M, Daalis A, Kulkarni RP, Machaca K. Role for endocytosis of a constitutively active GPCR (GPR185) in releasing vertebrate oocyte meiotic arrest. Dev Biol 2014; 395:355-66. [PMID: 25220151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Vertebrate oocytes are naturally arrested at prophase of meiosis I for sustained periods of time before resuming meiosis in a process called oocyte maturation that prepares the egg for fertilization. Members of the constitutively active GPR3/6/12 family of G-protein coupled receptors represent important mediators of meiotic arrest. In the frog oocyte the GPR3/12 homolog GPRx (renamed GPR185) has been shown to sustain meiotic arrest by increasing intracellular cAMP levels through GαSβγ. Here we show that GPRx is enriched at the cell membrane (~80%), recycles through an endosomal compartment at steady state, and loses its ability to signal once trapped intracellularly. Progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation is associated with significant internalization of both endogenous and overexpressed GPRx. Furthermore, a GPRx mutant that does not internalize in response to progesterone is significantly more efficient than wild-type GPRx at blocking oocyte maturation. Collectively our results argue that internalization of the constitutively active GPRx is important to release oocyte meiotic arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Nader
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City - Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maya Dib
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City - Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Arwa Daalis
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City - Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rashmi P Kulkarni
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City - Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khaled Machaca
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City - Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
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Serrano-Flores B, Garay E, Vázquez-Cuevas FG, Arellano RO. Differential role of STIM1 and STIM2 during transient inward (T in) current generation and the maturation process in the Xenopus oocyte. BMC PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 14:9. [PMID: 25399338 PMCID: PMC4236480 DOI: 10.1186/s12899-014-0009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Xenopus oocyte is a useful cell model to study Ca2+ homeostasis and cell cycle regulation, two highly interrelated processes. Here, we used antisense oligonucleotides to investigate the role in the oocyte of stromal interaction molecule (STIM) proteins that are fundamental elements of the store-operated calcium-entry (SOCE) phenomenon, as they are both sensors for Ca2+ concentration in the intracellular reservoirs as well as activators of the membrane channels that allow Ca2+ influx. RESULTS Endogenous STIM1 and STIM2 expression was demonstrated, and their synthesis was knocked down 48-72 h after injecting oocytes with specific antisense sequences. Selective elimination of their mRNA and protein expression was confirmed by PCR and Western blot analysis, and we then evaluated the effect of their absence on two endogenous responses: the opening of SOC channels elicited by G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-activated Ca2+ release, and the process of maturation stimulated by progesterone. Activation of SOC channels was monitored electrically by measuring the T in response, a Ca2+-influx-dependent Cl- current, while maturation was assessed by germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) scoring and electrophysiology. CONCLUSIONS It was found that STIM2, but not STIM1, was essential in both responses, and T in currents and GVBD were strongly reduced or eliminated in cells devoid of STIM2; STIM1 knockdown had no effect on the maturation process, but it reduced the T in response by 15 to 70%. Thus, the endogenous SOCE response in Xenopus oocytes depended mainly on STIM2, and its expression was necessary for entry into meiosis induced by progesterone.
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STIM1 phosphorylation triggered by epidermal growth factor mediates cell migration. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1853:233-43. [PMID: 25447552 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
STIM1 is a key regulator of store-operated calcium entry (SOCE), and therefore a mediator of Ca²⁺ entry-dependent cellular events. Phosphorylation of STIM1 at ERK1/2 target sites has been described as enhancing STIM1 activation during intracellular Ca²⁺ emptying triggered by the inhibition of the sarco(endo)plasmic Ca²⁺ -ATPase with thapsigargin. However, no physiological function is known for this specific phosphorylation. The present study examined the role of STIM1 phosphorylation in cell signaling triggered by EGF. Using a human endometrial adenocarcinoma cell line (Ishikawa cells) EGF or H-Ras(G12V), an active mutant of H-Ras, was found to trigger STIM1 phosphorylation at residues Ser575, Ser608, and Ser621, and this process was sensitive to PD0325901, an inhibitor of ERK1/2. Both, ERK1/2 activation and STIM1 phosphorylation took place in the absence of extracellular Ca²⁺, indicating that both events are upstream steps for Ca²⁺entry activation. Also, EGF triggered the dissociation of STIM1 from EB1 (a regulator of microtubule plus-ends) in a manner similar to that reported for the activation of STIM1 by thapsigargin. Migration of the Ishikawa cells was impaired when STIM1 phosphorylation was targeted by Ser-to-Ala substitution mutation of ERK1/2 target sites. This effect was also observed with the Ca²⁺ channel blocker SKF96365. Phosphomimetic mutation of STIM1 restored the migration to levels similar to that found for STIM1-wild type. Finally, the increased vimentin expression and relocalization of E-cadherin triggered by EGF were largely inhibited by targeting STIM1 phosphorylation, while STIM1-S575E/S608E/S621E normalized the profiles of these two EMT markers.
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Calcium signaling and meiotic exit at fertilization in Xenopus egg. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:18659-76. [PMID: 25322156 PMCID: PMC4227238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151018659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium is a universal messenger that mediates egg activation at fertilization in all sexually reproducing species studied. However, signaling pathways leading to calcium generation and the mechanisms of calcium-induced exit from meiotic arrest vary substantially among species. Here, we review the pathways of calcium signaling and the mechanisms of meiotic exit at fertilization in the eggs of the established developmental model, African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis. We also discuss calcium involvement in the early fertilization-induced events in Xenopus egg, such as membrane depolarization, the increase in intracellular pH, cortical granule exocytosis, cortical contraction, contraction wave, cortical rotation, reformation of the nuclear envelope, sperm chromatin decondensation and sister chromatid segregation.
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Vasauskas AA, Chen H, Wu S, Cioffi DL. The serine-threonine phosphatase calcineurin is a regulator of endothelial store-operated calcium entry. Pulm Circ 2014; 4:116-27. [PMID: 25006427 DOI: 10.1086/675641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the endothelium leads to increased permeability, allowing extravasation of macromolecules and other solutes from blood vessels. Calcium entry through a calcium-selective, store-operated calcium (SOC) channel, I soc, contributes to barrier disruption. An understanding of the mechanisms surrounding the regulation of I soc is far from complete. We show that the calcium/calmodulin-activated phosphatase calcineurin (CN) plays a role in regulation of SOC entry, possibly through the dephosphorylation of stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1). Phosphorylation has been implicated as a regulatory mechanism of activity for a number of canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) and SOC channels, including I soc. Our results show that STIM1 phosphorylation increases in pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) upon activation of SOC entry. However, the phosphatases involved in STIM1 dephosphorylation are unknown. We found that a CN inhibitor (calcineurin inhibitory peptide [CIP]) increases the phosphorylation pattern of STIM1. Using a fura 2-acetoxymethyl ester approach to measure cytosolic calcium in PAECs, we found that CIP decreases SOC entry following thapsigargin treatment in PAECs. Luciferase assays indicate that thapsigargin induces activation of CN activity and confirm inhibition of CN activity by CIP in PAECs. Also, I soc is significantly attenuated in whole-cell patch-clamp studies of PAECs treated with CIP. Finally, PAECs pretreated with CIP exhibit decreased interendothelial cell gap formation in response to thapsigargin-induced SOC entry, as compared to control cells. Taken together, our data show that CN contributes to the phosphorylation status of STIM1, which is important in regulation of endothelial SOC entry and I soc activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey A Vasauskas
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Hairu Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Songwei Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Donna L Cioffi
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
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Mid-range Ca2+ signalling mediated by functional coupling between store-operated Ca2+ entry and IP3-dependent Ca2+ release. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3916. [PMID: 24867608 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The versatility and universality of Ca(2+) signals stem from the breadth of their spatial and temporal dynamics. Spatially, Ca(2+) signalling is well studied in the microdomain scale, close to a Ca(2+) channel, and at the whole-cell level. However, little is known about how local Ca(2+) signals are regulated to specifically activate spatially distant effectors without a global Ca(2+) rise. Here we show that an intricate coupling between the inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate (IP3) receptor, SERCA pump and store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) allows for efficient mid-range Ca(2+) signalling. Ca(2+) flowing through SOCE is taken up into the ER lumen by the SERCA pump, only to be re-released by IP3Rs to activate distal Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channels (CaCCs). This CaCC regulation contributes to setting the membrane potential of the cell. Hence functional coupling between SOCE, SERCA and IP3R limits local Ca(2+) diffusion and funnels Ca(2+) through the ER lumen to activate a spatially separate Ca(2+) effector.
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44
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Jozsef L, Tashiro K, Kuo A, Park EJ, Skoura A, Albinsson S, Rivera-Molina F, Harrison KD, Iwakiri Y, Toomre D, Sessa WC. Reticulon 4 is necessary for endoplasmic reticulum tubulation, STIM1-Orai1 coupling, and store-operated calcium entry. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:9380-95. [PMID: 24558039 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.548602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in understanding store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) regulation, the fundamental question of how ER morphology affects this process remains unanswered. Here we show that the loss of RTN4, is sufficient to alter ER morphology and severely compromise SOCE. Mechanistically, we show this to be the result of defective STIM1-Orai1 coupling because of loss of ER tubulation and redistribution of STIM1 to ER sheets. As a functional consequence, RTN4-depleted cells fail to sustain elevated cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels via SOCE and therefor are less susceptible to Ca(2+) overload induced apoptosis. Thus, for the first time, our results show a direct correlation between ER morphology and SOCE and highlight the importance of RTN4 in cellular Ca(2+) homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levente Jozsef
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pharmacology
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45
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Srikanth S, Gwack Y. Molecular regulation of the pore component of CRAC channels, Orai1. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2014; 71:181-207. [PMID: 23890116 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407870-3.00008-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) is a fundamental mechanism ubiquitously employed by cells to elevate intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations ([Ca(2+)]i). Increased intracellular Ca(2+) ions act as a second messenger that can stimulate a variety of downstream signaling pathways affecting proliferation, secretion, differentiation, and death of cells. In immune cells, immune receptor stimulation induces endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) store depletion that subsequently activates Ca(2+)-release-activated-Ca(2+) (CRAC) channels, a prototype of store-operated Ca(2+) (SOC) channels. Identification of Orai1 as the pore subunit of CRAC channels has provided the much-needed molecular tool to dissect the mechanism of activation and regulation of these channels. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in understanding the regulatory mechanisms and posttranslational modifications that regulate diverse aspects of CRAC channel function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Srikanth
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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46
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Borowiec AS, Bidaux G, Tacine R, Dubar P, Pigat N, Delcourt P, Mignen O, Capiod T. Are Orai1 and Orai3 channels more important than calcium influx for cell proliferation? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1843:464-72. [PMID: 24321771 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Transformed and tumoral cells share the characteristic of being able to proliferate even when external calcium concentration is very low. We have investigated whether Human Embryonic Kidney 293 cells, human hepatoma cell Huh-7 and HeLa cells were able to proliferate when kept 72h in complete culture medium without external calcium. Our data showed that cell proliferation rate was similar over a range of external calcium concentration (2μM to 1.8mM). Incubation in the absence of external calcium for 72h had no significant effect on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca(2+) contents but resulted in a significant decrease in cytosolic free calcium concentration in all 3 cell types. Cell proliferation rates were dependent on Orai1 and Orai3 expression levels in HEK293 and HeLa cells. Silencing Orai1 or Orai3 resulted in a 50% reduction in cell proliferation rate. Flow cytometry analysis showed that Orai3 induced a small but significant increase in cell number in G2/M phase. RO-3306, a cdk-1 inhibitor, induced a 90% arrest in G2/M reversible in less than 15min. Our data showed that progression through G2/M phase after release from RO-3306-induced cell cycle arrest was slower in both Orai1 and Orai3 knock-downs. Overexpressing Orai1, Orai3 and the dominant negative non-permeant mutants E106Q-Orai1 and E81Q-Orai3 induced a 50% increase in cell proliferation rate in HEK293 cells. Our data clearly demonstrated that Orai1 and Orai3 proteins are more important than calcium influx to control cell proliferation in some cell lines and that this process is probably independent of ICRAC and Iarc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriel Bidaux
- INSERM, U1003, IFR147, Univ Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq F-59655, France
| | - Rachida Tacine
- INSERM U807, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris 5, 156 rue de Vaugirard, Paris F-75730, France
| | - Pauline Dubar
- INSERM U613, Université Bretagne Occidentale, 46 rue Felix Le Dantec, Brest F-29218, France
| | - Natascha Pigat
- INSERM U845, Growth and Signalling Research Center, Université Paris 5, Bâtiment Leriche, 96 rue Didot, Paris F-75993, France
| | - Philippe Delcourt
- INSERM, U1003, IFR147, Univ Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq F-59655, France
| | - Olivier Mignen
- INSERM U613, Université Bretagne Occidentale, 46 rue Felix Le Dantec, Brest F-29218, France
| | - Thierry Capiod
- INSERM, U1003, IFR147, Univ Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq F-59655, France; INSERM U807, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris 5, 156 rue de Vaugirard, Paris F-75730, France; INSERM U845, Growth and Signalling Research Center, Université Paris 5, Bâtiment Leriche, 96 rue Didot, Paris F-75993, France.
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47
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Borowiec AS, Bidaux G, Pigat N, Goffin V, Bernichtein S, Capiod T. Calcium channels, external calcium concentration and cell proliferation. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 739:19-25. [PMID: 24291106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Evidence for a role for calcium channel proteins in cell proliferation is numerous suggesting that calcium influx is essential in this physiological process. Several studies in the past thirty years have demonstrated that calcium channel expression levels are determinant in cell proliferation. Voltage-gated, store-operated, second messengers and receptor-operated calcium channels have been associated to cell proliferation. However, the relationship between calcium influx and cell proliferation can be uncoupled in transformed and cancer cells, resulting in an external calcium-independent proliferation. Thus, protein expression could be more important than channel function to trigger cell proliferation suggesting that additional channel functions may be responsible to reconcile calcium channel expression and cell proliferation. When needed, external calcium concentration is obviously important for calcium channel function but it also regulates calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) activity. CaSR can up- or down-regulate cell proliferation depending on physiological conditions. CaSR sensitivity to external calcium is within the 0.5 to 5 mM range and therefore, the role of these receptors in cell proliferation must be taken into account. We therefore suggest here that cell proliferation rates could depend on the relative balance between calcium influx and CaSR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriel Bidaux
- INSERM U1003, LabEx ICST, Université Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq F-59655, France
| | - Natascha Pigat
- INSERM U845, Research Center Growth and Signalling Research Center, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculty of Medicine, Bâtiment Leriche, 96 rue Didot, Paris F-75993, France
| | - Vincent Goffin
- INSERM U845, Research Center Growth and Signalling Research Center, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculty of Medicine, Bâtiment Leriche, 96 rue Didot, Paris F-75993, France
| | - Sophie Bernichtein
- INSERM U845, Research Center Growth and Signalling Research Center, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculty of Medicine, Bâtiment Leriche, 96 rue Didot, Paris F-75993, France
| | - Thierry Capiod
- INSERM U845, Research Center Growth and Signalling Research Center, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculty of Medicine, Bâtiment Leriche, 96 rue Didot, Paris F-75993, France.
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48
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Pozo-Guisado E, Martin-Romero FJ. The regulation of STIM1 by phosphorylation. Commun Integr Biol 2013; 6:e26283. [PMID: 24505502 PMCID: PMC3914909 DOI: 10.4161/cib.26283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium ion (Ca(2+)) concentration plays a key role in cell signaling in eukaryotic cells. At the cellular level, Ca(2+) directly participates in such diverse cellular events as adhesion and migration, differentiation, contraction, secretion, synaptic transmission, fertilization, and cell death. As a consequence of these diverse actions, the cytosolic concentration of free Ca(2+) is tightly regulated by the coordinated activity of Ca(2+) channels, Ca(2+) pumps, and Ca(2+)-binding proteins. Although many of these regulators have been studied in depth, other proteins have been described recently, and naturally far less is known about their contribution to cell physiology. Within this last group of proteins, STIM1 has emerged as a major contributor to Ca(2+) signaling by means of its activity as Ca(2+) channel regulator. STIM1 is a protein resident mainly, but not exclusively, in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and activates a set of plasma membrane Ca(2+) channels termed store-operated calcium channels (SOCs) when the concentration of free Ca(2+) within the ER drops transiently as a result of Ca(2+) release from this compartment. Knowledge regarding the molecular architecture of STIM1 has grown considerably during the last years, and several structural domains within STIM1 have been reported to be required for the specific molecular interactions with other important players in Ca(2+) signaling, such as Ca(2+) channels and microtubules. Within the modulators of STIM1, phosphorylation has been shown to both activate and inactivate STIM1-dependent Ca(2+) entry depending on the cell type, cell cycle phase, and the specific residue that becomes modified. Here we shall review current knowledge regarding the modulation of STIM1 by phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eulalia Pozo-Guisado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; School of Life Sciences; University of Extremadura; Badajoz, Spain
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49
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Courjaret R, Hubrack S, Daalis A, Dib M, Machaca K. The
Xenopus
TRPV6 homolog encodes a Mg
2+
‐permeant channel that is inhibited by interaction with TRPC1. J Cell Physiol 2013; 228:2386-98. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Courjaret
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsWeill Cornell Medical College in QatarEducation City, Qatar FoundationDohaQatar
| | - Satanay Hubrack
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsWeill Cornell Medical College in QatarEducation City, Qatar FoundationDohaQatar
| | - Arwa Daalis
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsWeill Cornell Medical College in QatarEducation City, Qatar FoundationDohaQatar
| | - Maya Dib
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsWeill Cornell Medical College in QatarEducation City, Qatar FoundationDohaQatar
| | - Khaled Machaca
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsWeill Cornell Medical College in QatarEducation City, Qatar FoundationDohaQatar
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50
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Collins HE, Zhu-Mauldin X, Marchase RB, Chatham JC. STIM1/Orai1-mediated SOCE: current perspectives and potential roles in cardiac function and pathology. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 305:H446-58. [PMID: 23792674 PMCID: PMC3891250 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00104.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Store-operated Ca²⁺ entry (SOCE) is critical for Ca²⁺ signaling in nonexcitable cells; however, its role in the regulation of cardiomyocyte Ca²⁺ homeostasis has only recently been investigated. The increased understanding of the role of stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) in regulating SOCE combined with recent studies demonstrating the presence of STIM1 in cardiomyocytes provides support that this pathway co-exists in the heart with the more widely recognized Ca²⁺ handling pathways associated with excitation-contraction coupling. There is now substantial evidence that STIM1-mediated SOCE plays a key role in mediating cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, both in vitro and in vivo, and there is growing support for the contribution of SOCE to Ca²⁺ overload associated with ischemia/reperfusion injury. Here, we provide an overview of our current understanding of the molecular regulation of SOCE and discuss the evidence supporting the role of STIM1/Orai1-mediated SOCE in regulating cardiomyocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen E Collins
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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