1
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Arora S, Gupta P. Modelling on a Biomimetic [Cu-O-Cu] 2+-mediated Methane-to-Methanol Conversion Unveils the Site for Methane Activation. Chem Asian J 2024:e202400282. [PMID: 38627954 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
The Cu-O-Cu core exhibits methane-to-methanol conversion, mirroring the reactivity of the copper-containing enzyme pMMO. Herein, we computationally examined the reactivity of a biomimetic Cu-O-Cu core towards methane-to-methanol conversion. The oxygen atom of the Cu-O-Cu core abstracts hydrogen present in the C-H bond of methane. The spin density at the bridging oxygen helps to abstract hydrogen from the C-H bond. We modulated the spin density of the bridging oxygen by substituting only a single copper atom of the Cu-O-Cu core by metals (M) such as Fe, Co, and Ag. These substitutions result in bimetallic [Cu-O-M]2+ models. We observed that the energy barriers for the C-H activation step and the subsequent rebound step vary with the metal M. [Cu-O-Ag]2+ exhibits the highest reactivity for M2M conversion, while [Cu-O-Fe]2+ displays the lowest reactivity. To understand the different reactivity of these models towards M2M conversion, we employed distortion-interaction analysis, orbital analysis, spin density analysis, and quantum theory of atoms in molecules analysis. Orbital analysis reveals that all four adducts follow a hydrogen atom transfer mechanism for C-H activation. Further, spin density analysis reveals that a higher spin density on the bridging oxygen leads to a lower C-H activation barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumangla Arora
- Computational Catalysis Center, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Puneet Gupta
- Computational Catalysis Center, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
- Center for Sustainable Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
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2
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Arora S, Rawal P, Gupta P. Orbital Analysis Captures the Existence of a Mixed-Valent Cu III -O-Cu II Active-Site and its Role in Water-Assisted Aliphatic Hydroxylation. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303722. [PMID: 38168869 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The Cu-O-Cu core has been proposed as a potential site for methane oxidation in particulate methane monooxygenase. In this work, we used density functional theory (DFT) to design a mixed-valent CuIII -O-CuII species from an experimentally known peroxo-dicopper complex supported by N-donor ligands containing phenolic groups. We found that the transfer of two-protons and two-electrons from phenolic groups to peroxo-dicopper core takes place, which results to the formation of a bis-μ-hydroxo-dicopper core. The bis-μ-hydroxo-dicopper core converts to a mixed-valent CuIII -O-CuII core with the removal of a water molecule. The orbital and spin density analyses unravel the mixed-valent nature of CuIII -O-CuII . We further investigated the reactivity of this mixed-valent core for aliphatic C-H hydroxylation. Our study unveiled that mixed-valent CuIII -O-CuII core follows a hydrogen atom transfer mechanism for C-H activation. An in-situ generated water molecule plays an important role in C-H hydroxylation by acting as a proton transfer bridge between carbon and oxygen. Furthermore, to assess the relevance of a mixed-valent CuIII -O-CuII core, we investigated aliphatic C-H activation by a symmetrical CuII -O-CuII core. DFT results show that the mixed-valent CuIII -O-CuII core is more reactive toward the C-H bond than the symmetrical CuII -O-CuII core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumangla Arora
- Computational Catalysis Center, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667
| | - Parveen Rawal
- Computational Catalysis Center, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667
| | - Puneet Gupta
- Computational Catalysis Center, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667
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3
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Dummer NF, Willock DJ, He Q, Howard MJ, Lewis RJ, Qi G, Taylor SH, Xu J, Bethell D, Kiely CJ, Hutchings GJ. Methane Oxidation to Methanol. Chem Rev 2022; 123:6359-6411. [PMID: 36459432 PMCID: PMC10176486 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The direct transformation of methane to methanol remains a significant challenge for operation at a larger scale. Central to this challenge is the low reactivity of methane at conditions that can facilitate product recovery. This review discusses the issue through examination of several promising routes to methanol and an evaluation of performance targets that are required to develop the process at scale. We explore the methods currently used, the emergence of active heterogeneous catalysts and their design and reaction mechanisms and provide a critical perspective on future operation. Initial experiments are discussed where identification of gas phase radical chemistry limited further development by this approach. Subsequently, a new class of catalytic materials based on natural systems such as iron or copper containing zeolites were explored at milder conditions. The key issues of these technologies are low methane conversion and often significant overoxidation of products. Despite this, interest remains high in this reaction and the wider appeal of an effective route to key products from C-H activation, particularly with the need to transition to net carbon zero with new routes from renewable methane sources is exciting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas F. Dummer
- Max Planck−Cardiff Centre on the Fundamentals of Heterogeneous Catalysis FUNCAT, Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, CardiffCF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Willock
- Max Planck−Cardiff Centre on the Fundamentals of Heterogeneous Catalysis FUNCAT, Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, CardiffCF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Qian He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore117575, Singapore
| | - Mark J. Howard
- Max Planck−Cardiff Centre on the Fundamentals of Heterogeneous Catalysis FUNCAT, Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, CardiffCF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J. Lewis
- Max Planck−Cardiff Centre on the Fundamentals of Heterogeneous Catalysis FUNCAT, Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, CardiffCF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Guodong Qi
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430071, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, P. R. China
| | - Stuart H. Taylor
- Max Planck−Cardiff Centre on the Fundamentals of Heterogeneous Catalysis FUNCAT, Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, CardiffCF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Jun Xu
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430071, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, P. R. China
| | - Don Bethell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, LiverpoolL69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J. Kiely
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, 5 East Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania18015, United States
| | - Graham J. Hutchings
- Max Planck−Cardiff Centre on the Fundamentals of Heterogeneous Catalysis FUNCAT, Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, CardiffCF10 3AT, United Kingdom
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4
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Kumar P, Al-Attas TA, Hu J, Kibria MG. Single Atom Catalysts for Selective Methane Oxidation to Oxygenates. ACS NANO 2022; 16:8557-8618. [PMID: 35638813 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c02464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Direct conversion of methane (CH4) to C1-2 liquid oxygenates is a captivating approach to lock carbons in transportable value-added chemicals, while reducing global warming. Existing approaches utilizing the transformation of CH4 to liquid fuel via tandemized steam methane reforming and the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis are energy and capital intensive. Chemocatalytic partial oxidation of methane remains challenging due to the negligible electron affinity, poor C-H bond polarizability, and high activation energy barrier. Transition-metal and stoichiometric catalysts utilizing harsh oxidants and reaction conditions perform poorly with randomized product distribution. Paradoxically, the catalysts which are active enough to break C-H also promote overoxidation, resulting in CO2 generation and reduced carbon balance. Developing catalysts which can break C-H bonds of methane to selectively make useful chemicals at mild conditions is vital to commercialization. Single atom catalysts (SACs) with specifically coordinated metal centers on active support have displayed intrigued reactivity and selectivity for methane oxidation. SACs can significantly reduce the activation energy due to induced electrostatic polarization of the C-H bond to facilitate the accelerated reaction rate at the low reaction temperature. The distinct metal-support interaction can stabilize the intermediate and prevent the overoxidation of the reaction products. The present review accounts for recent progress in the field of SACs for the selective oxidation of CH4 to C1-2 oxygenates. The chemical nature of catalytic sites, effects of metal-support interaction, and stabilization of intermediate species on catalysts to minimize overoxidation are thoroughly discussed with a forward-looking perspective to improve the catalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Tareq A Al-Attas
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Jinguang Hu
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Md Golam Kibria
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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5
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Wei Y, Miao J, Ge J, Lang J, Yu C, Zhang L, Alvarez PJJ, Long M. Ultrahigh Peroxymonosulfate Utilization Efficiency over CuO Nanosheets via Heterogeneous Cu(III) Formation and Preferential Electron Transfer during Degradation of Phenols. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:8984-8992. [PMID: 35638588 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In persulfate activation by copper-based catalysts, high-valent copper (Cu(III)) is an overlooked reactive intermediate that contributes to efficient persulfate utilization and organic pollutant removal. However, the mechanisms underlying heterogeneous activation and enhanced persulfate utilization are not fully understood. Here, copper oxide (CuO) nanosheets (synthesized with a facile precipitation method) exhibited high catalytic activity for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation with 100% 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) degradation within 3 min. Evidence for the critical role of surface-associated Cu(III) on PMS activation and 4-CP degradation over a wide pH range (pH 3-10) was obtained using in situ Raman spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance, and quenching tests. Cu(III) directly oxidized 4-CP and other phenolic pollutants, with rate constants inversely proportional to their ionization potentials. Cu(III) preferentially oxidizes 4-CP rather than react with two PMS molecules to generate one molecule of 1O2, thus minimizing this less efficient PMS utilization pathway. Accordingly, a much higher PMS utilization efficiency (77% of electrons accepted by PMS ascribed to 4-CP mineralization) was obtained with CuO/PMS than with a radical pathway-dominated Co3O4/PMS system (27%) or with the 1O2 pathway-dominated α-MnO2/PMS system (26%). Overall, these results highlight the potential benefits of PMS activation via heterogeneous high-valent copper oxidation and offer mechanistic insight into ultrahigh PMS utilization efficiency for organic pollutant removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jie Miao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jianxin Ge
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Junyu Lang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Chunyang Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Pedro J J Alvarez
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Mingce Long
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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6
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Wu P, Sun Y, Chen L, Jia Q, He J, Ma W, Lu L, Chao Y, Fan L, Zhu W. Heteroatom Bridging Strategy in Carbon-Based Catalysts for Enhanced Oxidative Desulfurization Performance. Inorg Chem 2021; 61:633-642. [PMID: 34915701 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Carbon-based catalysts are found to be promising metal-free species for aerobic oxidative desulfurization of fuel oil. Thus, a proper approach to promote their catalytic performances is very much in demand. In this contribution, a heteroatom bridging strategy is proposed to enhance the catalytic activities of carbon-based catalysts. As proof of the strategy, a series of boron (B)-doped graphite catalysts were synthesized. Detailed characterizations showed that the hetero-B atoms were uniformly dispersed in graphite. More importantly, it was found that the doped B atoms functioned as a bridge for electron transfer. With the existence of the heteroatom bridge, the activation of oxygen by graphite during the catalytic oxidation process was enhanced remarkably, leading to an ultradeep oxidative desulfurization performance. Moreover, the catalyst can be readily recycled five times without a significant decrease in desulfurization performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwen Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013 Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yang Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013 Zhenjiang, China
| | - Linlin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013 Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qingdong Jia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013 Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jing He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013 Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wenhui Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013 Zhenjiang, China
| | - Linjie Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013 Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yanhong Chao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013 Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lei Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 225002 Yangzhou, China
| | - Wenshuai Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013 Zhenjiang, China
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7
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Tang Y, Li Y, Feng Tao F. Activation and catalytic transformation of methane under mild conditions. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 51:376-423. [PMID: 34904592 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00783a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the last few decades, worldwide scientists have been motivated by the promising production of chemicals from the widely existing methane (CH4) under mild conditions for both chemical synthesis with low energy consumption and climate remediation. To achieve this goal, a whole library of catalytic chemistries of transforming CH4 to various products under mild conditions is required to be developed. Worldwide scientists have made significant efforts to reach this goal. These significant efforts have demonstrated the feasibility of oxidation of CH4 to value-added intermediate compounds including but not limited to CH3OH, HCHO, HCOOH, and CH3COOH under mild conditions. The fundamental understanding of these chemical and catalytic transformations of CH4 under mild conditions have been achieved to some extent, although currently neither a catalyst nor a catalytic process can be used for chemical production under mild conditions at a large scale. In the academic community, over ten different reactions have been developed for converting CH4 to different types of oxygenates under mild conditions in terms of a relatively low activation or catalysis temperature. However, there is still a lack of a molecular-level understanding of the activation and catalysis processes performed in extremely complex reaction environments under mild conditions. This article reviewed the fundamental understanding of these activation and catalysis achieved so far. Different oxidative activations of CH4 or catalytic transformations toward chemical production under mild conditions were reviewed in parallel, by which the trend of developing catalysts for a specific reaction was identified and insights into the design of these catalysts were gained. As a whole, this review focused on discussing profound insights gained through endeavors of scientists in this field. It aimed to present a relatively complete picture for the activation and catalytic transformations of CH4 to chemicals under mild conditions. Finally, suggestions of potential explorations for the production of chemicals from CH4 under mild conditions were made. The facing challenges to achieve high yield of ideal products were highlighted and possible solutions to tackle them were briefly proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tang
- Institute of Molecular Catalysis and In situ/operando Studies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fujian, 350000, China.
| | - Yuting Li
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, KS 66045, USA.
| | - Franklin Feng Tao
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, KS 66045, USA.
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8
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Lin L, Ge Y, Zhang H, Wang M, Xiao D, Ma D. Heterogeneous Catalysis in Water. JACS AU 2021; 1:1834-1848. [PMID: 34841403 PMCID: PMC8611672 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous catalytic processes produce the majority of the fuels and chemicals in the chemical industry and have kept improving the welfare of human beings for centuries. Although most of the heterogeneous catalytic reactions occur at the gas-solid interface, numerous cases have demonstrated that the condensed water near the active site and/or the aqueous phase merging the catalysts play positive roles in enhancing the performance of heterogeneous catalysts and creating novel catalytic conversion routes. We enumerate the traditional heterogeneous catalytic reactions that enable significant rate/selectivity promotion in the aqueous phase or adsorbed micro water environment and discuss the role of water in specific systems. Some of the novel heterogeneous reactions achieved with only the assistance of the aqueous phase have been summarized. The development of reactions with the participation of the aqueous phase/water and the investigation of the role of water in the heterogeneous catalytic reactions will open new horizons for catalysts with better activity, improved selectivity, and novel processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Lin
- Institute
of Industrial Catalysis, State Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry Synthesis
Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Yuzhen Ge
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering, and BIC-ESAT, Peking
University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering & National Institute for
Advanced Materials, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Materials
and Applications, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Wang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering, and BIC-ESAT, Peking
University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Dequan Xiao
- Center
for Integrative Materials Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Chemical
Engieering, University of New Haven, West Haven, Connecticut 06525, United States
| | - Ding Ma
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering, and BIC-ESAT, Peking
University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic
of China
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9
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Insights into the direct selective oxidation of methane to methanol over ZSM-5 zeolytes in aqueous hydrogen peroxide. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2018.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Cook BJ, Di Francesco GN, Ferreira RB, Lukens JT, Silberstein KE, Keegan BC, Catalano VJ, Lancaster KM, Shearer J, Murray LJ. Chalcogen Impact on Covalency within Molecular [Cu 3(μ 3-E)] 3+ Clusters (E = O, S, Se): A Synthetic, Spectroscopic, and Computational Study. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:11382-11392. [PMID: 30160943 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of the tricopper(I)-dinitrogen tris(β-diketiminate) cyclophane, Cu3(N2)L, with O-atom-transfer reagents or elemental Se affords the oxido-bridged tricopper complex Cu3(μ3-O)L (2) or the corresponding Cu3(μ3-Se)L (4), respectively. For 2 and 4, incorporation of the bridging chalcogen donor was supported by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) data. Cu L2,3-edge X-ray absorption data quantify 49.5% Cu 3d character in the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of 2, with Cu 3d participation decreasing to 33.0% in 4 and 40.8% in the related sulfide cluster Cu3(μ3-S)L (3). Multiedge XAS and UV/visible/near-IR spectra are employed to benchmark density functional theory calculations, which describe the copper-chalcogen interactions as highly covalent across the series of [Cu3(μ-E)]3+ clusters. This result highlights that the metal-ligand covalency is not reserved for more formally oxidized metal centers (i.e., CuIII + O2- vs CuII + O-) but rather is a significant contributor even at more typical ligand-field cases (i.e., Cu3II/II/I + E2-). This bonding is reminiscent of that observed in p-block elements rather than in early-transition-metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Cook
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611-7200 , United States
| | - Gianna N Di Francesco
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611-7200 , United States
| | - Ricardo B Ferreira
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611-7200 , United States
| | - James T Lukens
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Katharine E Silberstein
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Brenna C Keegan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nevada, Reno , Reno , Nevada 89557 , United States
| | - Vincent J Catalano
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nevada, Reno , Reno , Nevada 89557 , United States
| | - Kyle M Lancaster
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Jason Shearer
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nevada, Reno , Reno , Nevada 89557 , United States
| | - Leslie J Murray
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611-7200 , United States
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11
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Le HV, Parishan S, Sagaltchik A, Ahi H, Trunschke A, Schomäcker R, Thomas A. Stepwise Methane-to-Methanol Conversion on CuO/SBA-15. Chemistry 2018; 24:12592-12599. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ha V. Le
- Institute of Chemistry-Functional Materials; BA2; Technische Universität Berlin; Hardenbergstrasse 40 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Samira Parishan
- Institute of Chemistry-Technical Chemistry; TC8; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 124 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Anton Sagaltchik
- BasCat-UniCat BASF Joint Lab; Technische Universität Berlin; EW K 01; Hardenbergstrasse 36 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Hamideh Ahi
- BasCat-UniCat BASF Joint Lab; Technische Universität Berlin; EW K 01; Hardenbergstrasse 36 10623 Berlin Germany
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society; Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Annette Trunschke
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society; Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Reinhard Schomäcker
- Institute of Chemistry-Technical Chemistry; TC8; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 124 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Arne Thomas
- Institute of Chemistry-Functional Materials; BA2; Technische Universität Berlin; Hardenbergstrasse 40 10623 Berlin Germany
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12
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Iovan DA, Wrobel AT, McClelland AA, Scharf AB, Edouard GA, Betley TA. Reactivity of a stable copper-dioxygen complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:10306-10309. [PMID: 28869644 PMCID: PMC5605793 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc05014c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We report the isolation of a room temperature stable dipyrromethene Cu(O2) complex featuring a side-on O2 coordination. Reactivity studies highlight the unique ability of the dioxygen adduct for both hydrogen-atom abstraction and acid/base chemistry towards phenols, demonstrating that side-on superoxide species can be reactive entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana A Iovan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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13
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Kondinski A, Monakhov KY. Breaking the Gordian Knot in the Structural Chemistry of Polyoxometalates: Copper(II)-Oxo/Hydroxo Clusters. Chemistry 2017; 23:7841-7852. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Kondinski
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Kirill Yu. Monakhov
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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14
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Elwell CE, Gagnon NL, Neisen BD, Dhar D, Spaeth AD, Yee GM, Tolman WB. Copper-Oxygen Complexes Revisited: Structures, Spectroscopy, and Reactivity. Chem Rev 2017; 117:2059-2107. [PMID: 28103018 PMCID: PMC5963733 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 445] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A longstanding research goal has been to understand the nature and role of copper-oxygen intermediates within copper-containing enzymes and abiological catalysts. Synthetic chemistry has played a pivotal role in highlighting the viability of proposed intermediates and expanding the library of known copper-oxygen cores. In addition to the number of new complexes that have been synthesized since the previous reviews on this topic in this journal (Mirica, L. M.; Ottenwaelder, X.; Stack, T. D. P. Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 1013-1046 and Lewis, E. A.; Tolman, W. B. Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 1047-1076), the field has seen significant expansion in the (1) range of cores synthesized and characterized, (2) amount of mechanistic work performed, particularly in the area of organic substrate oxidation, and (3) use of computational methods for both the corroboration and prediction of proposed intermediates. The scope of this review has been limited to well-characterized examples of copper-oxygen species but seeks to provide a thorough picture of the spectroscopic characteristics and reactivity trends of the copper-oxygen cores discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney E Elwell
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Nicole L Gagnon
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Benjamin D Neisen
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Debanjan Dhar
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Andrew D Spaeth
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Gereon M Yee
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - William B Tolman
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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15
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Le HV, Parishan S, Sagaltchik A, Göbel C, Schlesiger C, Malzer W, Trunschke A, Schomäcker R, Thomas A. Solid-State Ion-Exchanged Cu/Mordenite Catalysts for the Direct Conversion of Methane to Methanol. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b02372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ha V. Le
- Institute
of Chemistry−Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, BA2, Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Samira Parishan
- Institute
of Chemistry−Technical Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, TC8, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anton Sagaltchik
- BasCat−UniCat
BASF Joint Lab, Technische Universität Berlin, EW K 01, Hardenbergstraße
36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Caren Göbel
- Institute
of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, TK01, Straße
des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christopher Schlesiger
- Institute
of Optics and Atomic Physics, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Malzer
- Institute
of Optics and Atomic Physics, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Trunschke
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Reinhard Schomäcker
- Institute
of Chemistry−Technical Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, TC8, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arne Thomas
- Institute
of Chemistry−Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, BA2, Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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16
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Stability and reactivity of copper oxo-clusters in ZSM-5 zeolite for selective methane oxidation to methanol. J Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Liu QY, Ma JB, Li ZY, Zhao C, Ning CG, Chen H, He SG. Activation of Methane Promoted by Adsorption of CO on Mo2C2−Cluster Anions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201600618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yu Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science; State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jia-Bi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science; Institute for Chemical Physics School of Chemistry; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing 100081 China
| | - Zi-Yu Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science; State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Chongyang Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science; Key Laboratory of Photochemistry; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Chuan-Gang Ning
- Department of Physics; State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Hui Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science; Key Laboratory of Photochemistry; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science; State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
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18
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Liu QY, Ma JB, Li ZY, Zhao C, Ning CG, Chen H, He SG. Activation of Methane Promoted by Adsorption of CO on Mo2C2−Cluster Anions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:5760-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201600618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yu Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science; State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jia-Bi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science; Institute for Chemical Physics School of Chemistry; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing 100081 China
| | - Zi-Yu Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science; State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Chongyang Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science; Key Laboratory of Photochemistry; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Chuan-Gang Ning
- Department of Physics; State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Hui Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science; Key Laboratory of Photochemistry; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science; State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
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19
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Zaag AS, Yazidi O, Jaidane NE, Ross MW, Castleman AW, Al Mogren MM, Linguerri R, Hochlaf M. Structure, Reactivity, and Fragmentation of Small Multi-Charged Methane Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:1669-76. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b00734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Sanaa Zaag
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie
Atomique, Moléculaire et Applications - LSAMA, Université de Tunis Al Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - O. Yazidi
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie
Atomique, Moléculaire et Applications - LSAMA, Université de Tunis Al Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - N.-E. Jaidane
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie
Atomique, Moléculaire et Applications - LSAMA, Université de Tunis Al Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - M. W. Ross
- Departments of Chemistry
and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - A. W. Castleman
- Departments of Chemistry
and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - M. M. Al Mogren
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty
of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - R. Linguerri
- Laboratoire Modélisation
et Simulation Multi-Echelle, MSME UMR 8208 CNRS, Université Paris-Est, 5 bd Descartes, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - M. Hochlaf
- Laboratoire Modélisation
et Simulation Multi-Echelle, MSME UMR 8208 CNRS, Université Paris-Est, 5 bd Descartes, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée, France
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20
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Saracini C, Ohkubo K, Suenobu T, Meyer GJ, Karlin KD, Fukuzumi S. Laser-Induced Dynamics of Peroxodicopper(II) Complexes Vary with the Ligand Architecture. One-Photon Two-Electron O2 Ejection and Formation of Mixed-Valent Cu(I)Cu(II)-Superoxide Intermediates. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:15865-74. [PMID: 26651492 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b10177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Photoexcitation of end-on trans-μ-1,2-peroxodicopper(II) complex [(tmpa)2Cu(II)2(O2)](2+) (1) (λmax = 525 and 600 nm) and side-on μ-η(2):η(2)-peroxodicopper(II) complexes [(N5)Cu(II)2(O2)](2+) (2) and [(N3)Cu(II)2(O2)](2+) (3) at -80 °C in acetone led to one-photon two-electron peroxide-to-dioxygen oxidation chemistry (O2(2-) + hν → O2 + 2e(-)). Interestingly, light excitation of 2 and 3 (having side-on μ-η(2):η(2)-peroxo ligation) led to release of dioxygen, while photoexcitation of 1 (having an end-on trans-1,2-peroxo geometry) did not, even though spectroscopic studies revealed that both reactions proceeded through previously unknown mixed-valent superoxide species: [Cu(II)(O2(•-))Cu(I)](2+) (λmax = 685-740 nm). For 1, this intermediate underwent further fast intramolecular electron transfer to yield an "O2-caged" dicopper(I) adduct, Cu(I)2-O2, and a barrierless stepwise back electron transfer to regenerate 1 occurred. Femtosecond laser excitation of 2 and 3 under the same conditions still led to [Cu(II)(O2(•-))Cu(I)](2+) intermediates that, instead, underwent O2 release with a quantum yield of 0.14 ± 0.1 for 3. Such remarkable differences in reaction pathways likely result from the well-known ligand-derived stability of 2 and 3 vs 1 indicated by ligand-Cu(II/I) redox potentials; (N5)Cu(I) and (N3)Cu(I) complexes are far more stable than (tmpa)Cu(I) species. The fast Cu(I)2/O2 rebinding kinetics was also measured after photoexcitation of 2 and 3, with the results closely tracking those known for the dicopper proteins hemocyanin and tyrosinase, for which the synthetic dicopper(I) precursors [(N5)Cu(I)2](2+) and [(N3)Cu(I)2](2+) and their dioxygen adducts serve as models. The biological relevance of the present findings is discussed, including the potential impact on the solar water splitting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Saracini
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Kei Ohkubo
- Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, ALCA and SENTAN, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) , Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University , Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Tomoyoshi Suenobu
- Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, ALCA and SENTAN, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) , Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Kenneth D Karlin
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, ALCA and SENTAN, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) , Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University , Seoul 120-750, Korea.,Faculty of Science and Engineering, Meijo University, ALCA and SENTAN, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) , Nagoya, Aichi 468-0073, Japan
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21
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Vanelderen P, Snyder BER, Tsai ML, Hadt RG, Vancauwenbergh J, Coussens O, Schoonheydt RA, Sels BF, Solomon EI. Spectroscopic Definition of the Copper Active Sites in Mordenite: Selective Methane Oxidation. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:6383-92. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b02817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Vanelderen
- Department
of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Center
for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg
23, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Benjamin E. R. Snyder
- Department
of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Ming-Li Tsai
- Department
of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Ryan G. Hadt
- Department
of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Julie Vancauwenbergh
- Center
for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg
23, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Olivier Coussens
- Center
for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg
23, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert A. Schoonheydt
- Center
for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg
23, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bert F. Sels
- Center
for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg
23, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Edward I. Solomon
- Department
of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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22
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Wang LN, Zhou ZX, Li XN, Ma TM, He SG. Thermal Conversion of Methane to Formaldehyde Promoted by Gold in AuNbO3+Cluster Cations. Chemistry 2015; 21:6957-61. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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23
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Lee JY, Karlin KD. Elaboration of copper-oxygen mediated C-H activation chemistry in consideration of future fuel and feedstock generation. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2015; 25:184-93. [PMID: 25756327 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To contribute solutions to current energy concerns, improvements in the efficiency of dioxygen mediated C-H bond cleavage chemistry, for example, selective oxidation of methane to methanol, could minimize losses in natural gas usage or produce feedstocks for fuels. Oxidative C-H activation is also a component of polysaccharide degradation, potentially affording alternative biofuels from abundant biomass. Thus, an understanding of active-site chemistry in copper monooxygenases, those activating strong C-H bonds is briefly reviewed. Then, recent advances in the synthesis-generation and study of various copper-oxygen intermediates are highlighted. Of special interest are cupric-superoxide, Cu-hydroperoxo and Cu-oxy complexes. Such investigations can contribute to an enhanced future application of C-H oxidation or oxygenation processes using air, as concerning societal energy goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Yoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Kenneth D Karlin
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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24
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Palomas D, Kalamaras C, Haycock P, White AJP, Hellgardt K, Horton A, Crimmin MR. Re-evaluating selectivity as a determining factor in peroxidative methane oxidation by multimetallic copper complexes. Catal Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cy00462d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A series of multimetallic copper(ii) complexes have been re-investigated for methane oxidation with H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Palomas
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- South Kensington
- London
- UK
| | - Christos Kalamaras
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Imperial College London
- South Kensington
- London
- UK
| | - Peter Haycock
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- South Kensington
- London
- UK
| | | | - Klaus Hellgardt
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Imperial College London
- South Kensington
- London
- UK
| | - Andrew Horton
- PTI/RE Experimentation
- Emerging Technologies Shell Global Solutions International B.V
- Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Mark R. Crimmin
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- South Kensington
- London
- UK
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25
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Quasicatalytic and catalytic oxidation of methane to methanol by nitrous oxide over FeZSM-5 zeolite. J Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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26
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Zhao YX, Li ZY, Yuan Z, Li XN, He SG. Thermal Methane Conversion to Formaldehyde Promoted by Single Platinum Atoms in PtAl2O4−Cluster Anions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201403953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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27
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Zhao YX, Li ZY, Yuan Z, Li XN, He SG. Thermal Methane Conversion to Formaldehyde Promoted by Single Platinum Atoms in PtAl2O4−Cluster Anions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:9482-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201403953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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28
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Liew EF, Tong D, Coleman NV, Holmes AJ. Mutagenesis of the hydrocarbon monooxygenase indicates a metal centre in subunit-C, and not subunit-B, is essential for copper-containing membrane monooxygenase activity. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2014; 160:1267-1277. [PMID: 24682027 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.078584-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The hydrocarbon monooxygenase (HMO) of Mycobacterium NBB4 is a member of the copper-containing membrane monooxygenase (CuMMO) superfamily, which also contains particulate methane monooxygenases (pMMOs) and ammonia monooxygenases (AMOs). CuMMOs have broad applications due to their ability to catalyse the oxidation of difficult substrates of environmental and industrial relevance. Most of our understanding of CuMMO biochemistry is based on pMMOs and AMOs as models. All three available structures are from pMMOs. These share two metal sites: a dicopper centre coordinated by histidine residues in subunit-B and a 'variable-metal' site coordinated by carboxylate and histidine residues from subunit-C. The exact nature and role of these sites is strongly debated. Significant barriers to progress have been the physiologically specialized nature of methanotrophs and autotrophic ammonia-oxidizers, lack of a recombinant expression system for either enzyme and difficulty in purification of active protein. In this study we use the newly developed HMO model system to perform site-directed mutagenesis on the predicted metal-binding residues in the HmoB and HmoC of NBB4 HMO. All mutations of predicted HmoC metal centre ligands abolished enzyme activity. Mutation of a predicted copper-binding residue of HmoB (B-H155V) reduced activity by 81 %. Mutation of a site that shows conservation within physiologically defined subgroups of CuMMOs was shown to reduce relative HMO activity towards larger alkanes. The study demonstrates that the modelled dicopper site of subunit-B is not sufficient for HMO activity and that a metal centre predicted to be coordinated by residues in subunit-C is essential for activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa F Liew
- School of Molecular Bioscience, Building G08, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Daochen Tong
- School of Molecular Bioscience, Building G08, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Nicholas V Coleman
- School of Molecular Bioscience, Building G08, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Andrew J Holmes
- School of Molecular Bioscience, Building G08, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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29
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Schax F, Braun B, Limberg C. A Tripodal Trisilanol Ligand and Its Complexation Behavior towards CuI, CuII, and ZnII. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201400088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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30
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31
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Haack P, Limberg C. Molecular Cu(II)-O-Cu(II) complexes: still waters run deep. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:4282-93. [PMID: 24615854 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201309505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Research on O2 activation at ligated Cu(I) is fueled by its biological relevance and the quest for efficient oxidation catalysts. A rarely observed reaction is the formation of a Cu(II) -O-Cu(II) species, which is more special than it appears at first sight: a single oxo ligand between two Cu(II) centers experiences considerable electron density, and this makes the corresponding complexes reactive and difficult to access. Hence, only a small number of these compounds have been synthesized and characterized unequivocally to date, and as biological relevance was not apparent, they remained unappreciated. However, recently they moved into the spotlight, when Cu(II) -O-Cu(II) cores were proposed as the active species in the challenging oxidation of methane to methanol at the surface of a Cu-grafted zeolite and in the active center of the copper enzyme particulate methane monooxygenase. This Minireview provides an overview of these systems with a special focus on their reactivity and spectroscopic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Haack
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin (Germany)
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32
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Tsai ML, Hadt RG, Vanelderen P, Sels BF, Schoonheydt RA, Solomon EI. [Cu2O]2+ active site formation in Cu-ZSM-5: geometric and electronic structure requirements for N2O activation. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:3522-9. [PMID: 24524659 DOI: 10.1021/ja4113808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the formation mechanism of the [Cu2O](2+) active site in Cu-ZSM-5 is important for the design of efficient catalysts to selectively convert methane to methanol and related value-added chemicals and for N2O decomposition. Spectroscopically validated DFT calculations are used here to evaluate the thermodynamic and kinetic requirements for formation of [Cu2O](2+) active sites from the reaction between binuclear Cu(I) sites and N2O in the 10-membered rings Cu-ZSM-5. Thermodynamically, the most stable Cu(I) center prefers bidentate coordination with a close to linear bite angle. This binuclear Cu(I) site reacts with N2O to generate the experimentally observed [Cu2O](2+) site. Kinetically, the reaction coordinate was evaluated for two representative binuclear Cu(I) sites. When the Cu-Cu distance is sufficiently short (<4.2 Å), N2O can bind in a "bridged" μ-1,1-O fashion and the oxo-transfer reaction is calculated to proceed with a low activation energy barrier (2 kcal/mol). This is in good agreement with the experimental Ea for N2O activation (2.5 ± 0.5 kcal/mol). However, when the Cu-Cu distance is long (>5.0 Å), N2O binds in a "terminal" η(1)-O fashion to a single Cu(I) site of the dimer and the resulting E(a) for N2O activation is significantly higher (16 kcal/mol). Therefore, bridging N2O between two Cu(I) centers is necessary for its efficient two-electron activation in [Cu2O](2+) active site formation. In nature, this N2O reduction reaction is catalyzed by a tetranuclear CuZ cluster that has a higher E(a). The lower E(a) for Cu-ZSM-5 is attributed to the larger thermodynamic driving force resulting from formation of strong Cu(II)-oxo bonds in the ZSM-5 framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Li Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
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33
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Yamaguchi K, Yamanaka S, Shoji M, Isobe H, Kitagawa Y, Kawakami T, Yamada S, Okumura M. Theory of chemical bonds in metalloenzymes XIX: labile manganese oxygen bonds of the CaMn4O5cluster in oxygen evolving complex of photosystem II. Mol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2013.842009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Haack P, Kärgel A, Greco C, Dokic J, Braun B, Pfaff FF, Mebs S, Ray K, Limberg C. Access to a Cu(II)-O-Cu(II) motif: spectroscopic properties, solution structure, and reactivity. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:16148-60. [PMID: 24134722 PMCID: PMC3946511 DOI: 10.1021/ja406721a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We report a complex with a rare Cu(II)-O-Cu(II) structural motif that is stable at room temperature, which allows its in-depth characterization by a variety of spectroscopic methods. Interest in such compounds is fueled by the recent discovery that a Cu(II)-O-Cu(II) species on the surface of Cu-ZSM-5 is capable of oxidizing methane to methanol, and this in turn ties into mechanistic discussions on the methane oxidation at the dicopper site within the particulate methane monooxygenase. For the synthesis of our Cu2O complex we have developed a novel, neutral ligand system, FurNeu, exhibiting two N-(N',N'-dimethylaminoethyl)(2-pyridylmethyl)amino binding pockets connected by a dibenzofuran spacer. The reaction of FurNeu with CuCl yielded [FurNeu](Cu2(μ-Cl))(CuCl2), 1, demonstrating the geometric potential of the ligand to stabilize Cu-X-Cu moieties. A Cu(I) precursor with weakly coordinating anions was chosen in the next step, namely [Cu(NCCH3)4]OTf, which led to the formation of [FurNeu](Cu(NCCH3))2(OTf)2, 3. Treatment of 3 with O2 or PhIO led to identical green solutions, whose UV-vis spectra were markedly different from the one displayed by [FurNeu](Cu)2(OTf)4, 4, prepared independently from FurNeu and Cu(OTf)2. Further investigations including PhIO consumption experiments, NMR and UV-vis spectroscopy, HR-ESI mass spectrometry, and protonation studies led to the identification of the green product as [FurNeu](Cu2(μ-O))(OTf)2, 5. DOSY NMR spectroscopy confirmed its monomeric character. Over longer periods of time 5 decomposes to give [Cu(picoloyl)2], formed through an oxidative N-dealkylation reaction followed by further oxidation of the ligand. Due to its slow decomposition reaction, all attempts to crystallize 5 failed. However, its structure in solution could be determined by EXAFS analysis in combination with DFT calculations, which revealed a Cu-O-Cu angle that amounts to 105.17°. Moreover, TDDFT calculations helped to rationalize the UV-vis absorptions of 5. The reactivity of complex 5 with 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, DTBP, was also investigated; the initially formed biphenol product, TBBP, was found to further react in the presence of excessive O2 to yield 2,4,7,9-tetra-tert-butyloxepino[2,3-b]benzofuran, TBOBF, via an intermediate diphenoquinone. It turned out that 5, or its precursor 3, can even be employed as a catalyst for the oxidation of DTBP to TBBP or for the oxidation of TBBP to TBOBF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Haack
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Kärgel
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudio Greco
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Beatrice Braun
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian F. Pfaff
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Mebs
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kallol Ray
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Limberg
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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Hammond C, Dimitratos N, Lopez-Sanchez JA, Jenkins RL, Whiting G, Kondrat SA, ab Rahim MH, Forde MM, Thetford A, Hagen H, Stangland EE, Moulijn JM, Taylor SH, Willock DJ, Hutchings GJ. Aqueous-Phase Methane Oxidation over Fe-MFI Zeolites; Promotion through Isomorphous Framework Substitution. ACS Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/cs400288b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ceri Hammond
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute,
School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Nikolaos Dimitratos
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute,
School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Jose Antonio Lopez-Sanchez
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute,
School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Robert L. Jenkins
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute,
School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Gareth Whiting
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute,
School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Simon A. Kondrat
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute,
School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Mohd Hasbi ab Rahim
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute,
School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Michael M. Forde
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute,
School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Adam Thetford
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute,
School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Henk Hagen
- Dow Benelux B. V., Herbert H. Dowweg 5, 4542 NM HOEK, Postbus 48, 4530
AA Terneuzen, The Netherlands
| | - Eric E. Stangland
- National Corporate R&D, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States
| | - Jacob M. Moulijn
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute,
School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Stuart H. Taylor
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute,
School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - David J. Willock
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute,
School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Graham J. Hutchings
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute,
School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
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36
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Vanelderen P, Vancauwenbergh J, Sels BF, Schoonheydt RA. Coordination chemistry and reactivity of copper in zeolites. Coord Chem Rev 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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37
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Hammond C, Conrad S, Hermans I. Oxidative methane upgrading. CHEMSUSCHEM 2012; 5:1668-1686. [PMID: 22848012 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201200299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The economically viable oxidative upgrading of methane presents one of the most difficult but rewarding challenges within catalysis research. Its potential to revolutionalise the chemical value chain, coupled with the associated supremely challenging scientific aspects, has ensured this topic's high popularity over the preceeding decades. Herein, we report a non-exhaustive account of the current developments within the field of oxidative methane upgrading and summarise the pertaining challenges that have yet to be solved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceri Hammond
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
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38
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Schax F, Limberg C, Mügge C. Copper(I) Siloxides – Aggregated Solid‐State Structures, Cu–Cu Interactions and Dynamic Solution Behavior. Eur J Inorg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201200294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Schax
- Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Brook‐Taylor‐Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, Fax: +49‐30‐2093‐6966
| | - Christian Limberg
- Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Brook‐Taylor‐Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, Fax: +49‐30‐2093‐6966
| | - Clemens Mügge
- Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Brook‐Taylor‐Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, Fax: +49‐30‐2093‐6966
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39
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Hammond C, Forde MM, Ab Rahim MH, Thetford A, He Q, Jenkins RL, Dimitratos N, Lopez-Sanchez JA, Dummer NF, Murphy DM, Carley AF, Taylor SH, Willock DJ, Stangland EE, Kang J, Hagen H, Kiely CJ, Hutchings GJ. Direct Catalytic Conversion of Methane to Methanol in an Aqueous Medium by using Copper-Promoted Fe-ZSM-5. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201108706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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40
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Hammond C, Forde MM, Ab Rahim MH, Thetford A, He Q, Jenkins RL, Dimitratos N, Lopez-Sanchez JA, Dummer NF, Murphy DM, Carley AF, Taylor SH, Willock DJ, Stangland EE, Kang J, Hagen H, Kiely CJ, Hutchings GJ. Direct Catalytic Conversion of Methane to Methanol in an Aqueous Medium by using Copper-Promoted Fe-ZSM-5. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:5129-33. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201108706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2011] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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41
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Čejka J, Centi G, Perez-Pariente J, Roth WJ. Zeolite-based materials for novel catalytic applications: Opportunities, perspectives and open problems. Catal Today 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2011.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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42
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Vanelderen P, Hadt RG, Smeets PJ, Solomon EI, Schoonheydt RA, Sels BF. Cu-ZSM-5: A biomimetic inorganic model for methane oxidation. J Catal 2011; 284:157-164. [PMID: 23487537 PMCID: PMC3593946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2011.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present work highlights recent advances in elucidating the methane oxidation mechanism of inorganic Cu-ZSM-5 biomimic and in identifying the reactive intermediates that are involved. Such molecular understanding is important in view of upgrading abundantly available methane, but also to comprehend the working mechanism of genuine Cu-containing oxidation enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Vanelderen
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, K.U.Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ryan G. Hadt
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Pieter J. Smeets
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, K.U.Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Edward I. Solomon
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Robert A. Schoonheydt
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, K.U.Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bert F. Sels
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, K.U.Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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43
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44
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Schwarz H. Chemistry with methane: concepts rather than recipes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:10096-115. [PMID: 21656876 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201006424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 491] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Four seemingly simple transformations related to the chemistry of methane will be addressed from mechanistic and conceptual points of view: 1) metal-mediated dehydrogenation to form metal carbene complexes, 2) the hydrogen-atom abstraction step in the oxidative dimerization of methane, 3) the mechanisms of the CH(4)→CH(3)OH conversion, and 4) the initial bond scission (C-H vs. O-H) as well as the rate-limiting step in the selective CH(3)OH→CH(2)O oxidation. State-of-the-art gas-phase experiments, in conjunction with electronic-structure calculations, permit identification of the elementary reactions at a molecular level and thus allow us to unravel detailed mechanistic aspects. Where appropriate, these results are compared with findings from related studies in solution or on surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie der Technischen Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
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45
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Haack P, Limberg C, Ray K, Braun B, Kuhlmann U, Hildebrandt P, Herwig C. Dinuclear Copper Complexes Based on Parallel β-Diiminato Binding Sites and their Reactions with O2: Evidence for a Cu−O−Cu Entity. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:2133-42. [DOI: 10.1021/ic101249k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Haack
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Limberg
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kallol Ray
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Beatrice Braun
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Kuhlmann
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Sekr. PC14, Strasse des 17 Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Hildebrandt
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Sekr. PC14, Strasse des 17 Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Herwig
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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46
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Himes RA, Barnese K, Karlin KD. One is lonely and three is a crowd: two coppers are for methane oxidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 49:6714-6. [PMID: 20672276 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201003403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Himes
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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47
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Utz D, Kisslinger S, Heinemann FW, Hampel F, Schindler S. Syntheses, Characterization and Properties of Open-Chain Copper(I) Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201000954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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48
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Abstract
Methanotrophs, cells that consume methane (CH(4)) as their sole source of carbon and energy, play key roles in the global carbon cycle, including controlling anthropogenic and natural emissions of CH(4), the second-most important greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide. These cells have also been widely used for bioremediation of chlorinated solvents, and help sustain diverse microbial communities as well as higher organisms through the conversion of CH(4) to complex organic compounds (e.g. in deep ocean and subterranean environments with substantial CH(4) fluxes). It has been well-known for over 30 years that copper (Cu) plays a key role in the physiology and activity of methanotrophs, but it is only recently that we have begun to understand how these cells collect Cu, the role Cu plays in CH(4) oxidation by the particulate CH(4) monooxygenase, the effect of Cu on the proteome, and how Cu affects the ability of methanotrophs to oxidize different substrates. Here we summarize the current state of knowledge of the phylogeny, environmental distribution, and potential applications of methanotrophs for regional and global issues, as well as the role of Cu in regulating gene expression and proteome in these cells, its effects on enzymatic and whole-cell activity, and the novel Cu uptake system used by methanotrophs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy D Semrau
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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