1
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Riffe EJ, Bernal F, Kamal C, Mizuno H, Lindsey RK, Hamel S, Raj SL, Hull CJ, Kwon S, Park SH, Cooper JK, Yang F, Liu YS, Guo J, Nordlund D, Drisdell WS, Zuerch MW, Whitley HD, Odelius M, Schwartz CP, J Saykally R. Time-Resolved X-ray Emission Spectroscopy and Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering Spectroscopy of Laser Irradiated Carbon. J Phys Chem B 2024. [PMID: 38906826 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c02862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
The existence of liquid carbon as an intermediate phase preceding the formation of novel carbon materials has been a point of contention for several decades. Experimental observation of such a liquid state requires nonthermal melting of solid carbon materials at various laser fluences and pulse properties. Reflectivity experiments performed in the mid-1980s reached opposing conclusions regarding the metallic or insulating properties of the purported liquid state. Time-resolved X-ray absorption studies showed shortening of C-C bonds and increasing diffraction densities, thought to evidence a liquid or glassy carbon state, respectively. Nevertheless, none of these experiments provided information on the electronic structure of the proposed liquid state. Herein, we report the results of time-resolved resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) and time-resolved X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) studies on amorphous carbon (a-C) and ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) as a function of delay time between the irradiating pulse and X-ray probe. For both a-C and UNCD, we attribute decreases in RIXS or XES signals to transition blocking, relaxation, and finally, ablation. Increased signal at 20 ps following the irradiation of the UNCD is attributed to the probable formation of nanoscale structures in the ablation plume. Differences in the amount of signal observed between a-C and UNCD are explained by the difference in sample thickness and, specifically, incomplete melting of the UNCD film. Comparisons to spectral simulations based on MD trajectories at extreme conditions indicate that the carbon state in our experiments is crystalline. Normal mode analysis confirmed that symmetrical bending or stretching of the C-C bonds in the diamond lattice results in XES spectra with small intensity differences. Overall, we observed no evidence of melting to a liquid state, as determined by the lack of changes in the spectral properties for up to 100 ps delays following the melting pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika J Riffe
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Franky Bernal
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Chinnathambi Kamal
- Theory and Simulations Laboratory, Theoretical and Computational Physics Section, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452013, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400094, India
| | - Hikaru Mizuno
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Rebecca K Lindsey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Sebastien Hamel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Sumana L Raj
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Christopher J Hull
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Soonnam Kwon
- PAL-XFEL, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Sang Han Park
- PAL-XFEL, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Jason K Cooper
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Liquid Sunlight Alliance, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Feipeng Yang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yi-Sheng Liu
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jinghua Guo
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Dennis Nordlund
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Walter S Drisdell
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Liquid Sunlight Alliance, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Michael W Zuerch
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Science Division, Lawerence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Heather D Whitley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Michael Odelius
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Craig P Schwartz
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Nevada Extreme Conditions Laboratory, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
| | - Richard J Saykally
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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2
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Mokshin AV, Vlasov RV. Liquid-Liquid Crossover in Water Model: Local Structure vs Kinetics of Hydrogen Bonds. J Phys Chem B 2024. [PMID: 38411102 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c07650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
In equilibrium and supercooled liquids, polymorphism is manifested by thermodynamic regions defined in the phase diagram, which are predominantly of different short- and medium-range order (local structure). It is found that on the phase diagram of the water model, the thermodynamic region corresponding to the equilibrium liquid phase is divided by a line of the smooth liquid-liquid crossover. In the case of the water model TIP4P/2005, this crossover is revealed by various local order parameters and corresponds to pressures on the order of 3150 ± 350 atm at ambient temperature. In the vicinity of the crossover, the dynamics of water molecules change significantly, which is reflected, in particular, in the fact that the self-diffusion coefficient reaches its maximum values. In addition, changes in the structure also manifest themselves in changes in the kinetics of hydrogen bonding, which are captured by values of such quantities as the average lifetime of hydrogen bonding, the average lifetimes of different local coordination numbers, and the frequencies of changes in different local coordination numbers. An interpretation of the hydrogen bond kinetics in terms of the free energy landscape concept in the space of possible coordination numbers is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatolii V Mokshin
- Department of Computational Physics, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Roman V Vlasov
- Department of Computational Physics, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia
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3
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Matsuda K, Ishiguro Y, Kimura K, Hagiya T, Kajihara Y, Nagaya K, Inui M, Hiraoka N. Observation of plasmon excitation in liquid silicon by inelastic x-ray scattering. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2023; 36:075501. [PMID: 37879348 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad06f0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Inelastic x-ray scattering (IXS) measurements were performed for observing the excitation of bulk plasmons in metallic liquid silicon (Si). The peak due to plasmon excitation was observed within the energy loss around 17 eV. Combined with IXS data of crystalline Si measured at several elevated temperatures, it was found that temperature dependence of the excitation energy in the crystalline solid state is explained by the electron gas including the band gap effect, whereas in the metallic liquid state near the melting point, it exhibits a departure from the electron gas; the plasmon energy takes a lower value than that of the electron gas. Such lowering of plasmon energies is reasonably explained by a model incorporating semiconducting component to the electron gas. Non-simple metallic nature in liquid silicon is highlighted by the observation of electron collective dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Matsuda
- Department of Physics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Yotaro Ishiguro
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Koji Kimura
- Department of Physical Science and Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya 466-8555 Japan
| | - Toru Hagiya
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yukio Kajihara
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Kiyonobu Nagaya
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masanori Inui
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Nozomu Hiraoka
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
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4
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Goswami Y, Sastry S. Kinetic reconstruction of free energies as a function of multiple order parameters. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:144502. [PMID: 37061464 DOI: 10.1063/5.0144338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A vast array of phenomena, ranging from chemical reactions to phase transformations, are analyzed in terms of a free energy surface defined with respect to a single or multiple order parameters. Enhanced sampling methods are typically used, especially in the presence of large free energy barriers, to estimate free energies using biasing protocols and sampling of transition paths. Kinetic reconstructions of free energy barriers of intermediate height have been performed, with respect to a single order parameter, employing the steady state properties of unconstrained simulation trajectories when barrier crossing is achievable with reasonable computational effort. Considering such cases, we describe a method to estimate free energy surfaces with respect to multiple order parameters from a steady state ensemble of trajectories. The approach applies to cases where the transition rates between pairs of order parameter values considered is not affected by the presence of an absorbing boundary, whereas the macroscopic fluxes and sampling probabilities are. We demonstrate the applicability of our prescription on different test cases of random walkers executing Brownian motion in order parameter space with an underlying (free) energy landscape and discuss strategies to improve numerical estimates of the fluxes and sampling. We next use this approach to reconstruct the free energy surface for supercooled liquid silicon with respect to the degree of crystallinity and density, from unconstrained molecular dynamics simulations, and obtain results quantitatively consistent with earlier results from umbrella sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagyik Goswami
- Theoretical Sciences Unit and School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur Campus, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Srikanth Sastry
- Theoretical Sciences Unit and School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur Campus, Bengaluru 560064, India
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5
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Gartner TE, Piaggi PM, Car R, Panagiotopoulos AZ, Debenedetti PG. Liquid-Liquid Transition in Water from First Principles. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:255702. [PMID: 36608224 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.255702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A long-standing question in water research is the possibility that supercooled liquid water can undergo a liquid-liquid phase transition (LLT) into high- and low-density liquids. We used several complementary molecular simulation techniques to evaluate the possibility of an LLT in an ab initio neural network model of water trained on density functional theory calculations with the SCAN exchange correlation functional. We conclusively show the existence of a first-order LLT and an associated critical point in the SCAN description of water, representing the first definitive computational evidence for an LLT in water from first principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Gartner
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Pablo M Piaggi
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Roberto Car
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | | | - Pablo G Debenedetti
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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6
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Collective dynamics in liquid Si under high pressure above the melting line minimum. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.121116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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7
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Zhou Y, Lopez GE, Giovambattista N. Anomalous properties in the potential energy landscape of a monatomic liquid across the liquid-gas and liquid-liquid phase transitions. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:124502. [PMID: 36182441 PMCID: PMC9525132 DOI: 10.1063/5.0106923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As a liquid approaches the gas state, the properties of the potential energy landscape (PEL) sampled by the system become anomalous. Specifically, (i) the mechanically stable local minima of the PEL [inherent structures (IS)] can exhibit cavitation above the so-called Sastry volume, vS, before the liquid enters the gas phase. In addition, (ii) the pressure of the liquid at the sampled IS [i.e., the PEL equation of state, PIS(v)] develops a spinodal-like minimum at vS. We perform molecular dynamics simulations of a monatomic water-like liquid and verify that points (i) and (ii) hold at high temperatures. However, at low temperatures, cavitation in the liquid and the corresponding IS occurs simultaneously and a Sastry volume cannot be defined. Remarkably, at intermediate/high temperatures, the IS of the liquid can exhibit crystallization, i.e., the liquid regularly visits the regions of the PEL that belong to the crystal state. The model liquid considered also exhibits a liquid-liquid phase transition (LLPT) between a low-density and a high-density liquid (LDL and HDL). By studying the behavior of PIS(v) during the LLPT, we identify a Sastry volume for both LDL and HDL. The HDL Sastry volume marks the onset above which IS are heterogeneous (composed of LDL and HDL particles), analogous to points (i) and (ii) above. However, the relationship between the LDL Sastry volume and the onset of heterogeneous IS is less evident. We conclude by presenting a thermodynamic argument that can explain the behavior of the PEL equation of state PIS(v) across both the liquid-gas phase transition and LLPT.
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8
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Lin Z, Ji L, Hong M. Approximately 30 nm Nanogroove Formation on Single Crystalline Silicon Surface under Pulsed Nanosecond Laser Irradiation. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:7005-7010. [PMID: 35980159 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanogrooves with a minimum feature size down to 30 nm (λ/26) can be formed directly on silicon surface by irradiation from two orthogonal polarized 1064 nm/10 ns fiber laser beams. The creation of such small nanogrooves is attributed to surface thermal stress during resolidification and supercooling with the double laser beams' irradiation. By varying the pulse number and laser fluence, the feature size of narrow grooves on silicon surface can be tuned. The experimental results and numerical calculation of surface thermal behaviors indicated that the high repetition rate of the nanosecond laser leads to the incubation effect and different silicon optical and thermal properties during laser irradiation. Resolution on this scale should be attractive in nanolithography, particularly considering that this method is available in far field and in ambient air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyuan Lin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, 117576, Singapore
| | - Lingfei Ji
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
- Key Laboratory of Trans-Scale Laser Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Minghui Hong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, 117576, Singapore
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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9
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Fried NR, Longo TJ, Anisimov MA. Thermodynamic modeling of fluid polyamorphism in hydrogen at extreme conditions. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:101101. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0107043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluid polyamorphism, the existence of multiple amorphous fluid states in a single-component system, has been observed or predicted in a variety of substances. A remarkable example of this phenomenon is the fluid–fluid phase transition (FFPT) in high-pressure hydrogen between insulating and conducting high-density fluids. This transition is induced by the reversible dimerization/dissociation of the molecular and atomistic states of hydrogen. In this work, we present the first attempt to thermodynamically model the FFPT in hydrogen at extreme conditions. Our predictions for the phase coexistence and the reaction equilibrium of the two alternative forms of fluid hydrogen are based on experimental data and supported by the results of simulations. Remarkably, we find that the law of corresponding states can be utilized to construct a unified equation of state combining the available computational results for different models of hydrogen and the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel R. Fried
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Thomas J. Longo
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Mikhail A. Anisimov
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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10
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Goswami Y, Sastry S. Liquid-liquid phase transition in deeply supercooled Stillinger-Weber silicon. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac204. [PMID: 36714873 PMCID: PMC9802493 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
The existence of a phase transition between two distinct liquid phases in single-component network-forming liquids (e.g. water, silica, silicon) has elicited considerable scientific interest. The challenge, both for experiments and simulations, is that the liquid-liquid phase transition (LLPT) occurs under deeply supercooled conditions, where crystallization occurs very rapidly. Thus, early evidence from numerical equation of state studies was challenged with the argument that slow spontaneous crystallization had been misinterpreted as evidence of a second liquid state. Rigorous free-energy calculations have subsequently confirmed the existence of a LLPT in some models of water, and exciting new experimental evidence has since supported these computational results. Similar results have so far not been found for silicon. Here, we present results from free-energy calculations performed for silicon modeled with the classical, empirical Stillinger-Weber-potential. Through a careful study employing state-of-the-art constrained simulation protocols and numerous checks for thermodynamic consistency, we find that there are two distinct metastable liquid states and a phase transition. Our results resolve a long-standing debate concerning the existence of a liquid-liquid transition in supercooled liquid silicon and address key questions regarding the nature of the phase transition and the associated critical point.
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11
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Li Z, Li T, Ni E, Huang J, Zhang D, Qian J, Li H. Liquid-Liquid Phase Transition in Metallic Droplets. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:4772-4780. [PMID: 35834351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c03122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report theoretical evidence of the substrate-induced liquid-liquid phase transition (LLPT) behaviors in a single Al droplet and Ti-Al droplets. The Al droplet can produce an LLPT induced by substrates in part, forming a special three-layer structure. However, the introduction of a Ti droplet can promote the LLPT in an Al droplet. Al and Ti droplets do not coalesce into a homogeneously mixed droplet but produce the ordered liquid films. The substrate-induced LLPT in the Al droplet is characterized by the transition from the disordered to ordered structure. Results indicate that the substrate and the Ti droplet are the driving forces to promote the LLPT. The LLPT of the Ti-Al droplets in the wedge-shaped substrate is also observed, indicating that the confined Ti-Al droplets are more likely to undergo an LLPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Li
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Tao Li
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.,Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Erli Ni
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Junping Qian
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
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12
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Structural changes across thermodynamic maxima in supercooled liquid tellurium: A water-like scenario. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2202044119. [PMID: 35867742 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2202044119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid polymorphism is an intriguing phenomenon that has been found in a few single-component systems, the most famous being water. By supercooling liquid Te to more than 130 K below its melting point and performing simultaneous small-angle and wide-angle X-ray scattering measurements, we observe clear maxima in its thermodynamic response functions around 615 K, suggesting the possible existence of liquid polymorphism. A close look at the underlying structural evolution shows the development of intermediate-range order upon cooling, most strongly around the thermodynamic maxima, which we attribute to bond-orientational ordering. The striking similarities between our results and those of water, despite the lack of hydrogen-bonding and tetrahedrality in Te, indicate that water-like anomalies may be a general phenomenon among liquid systems with competing bond- and density-ordering.
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13
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Weis J, Sciortino F, Panagiotopoulos AZ, Debenedetti PG. Liquid-Liquid Criticality in the WAIL Water Model. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:024502. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0099520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothesis that the anomalous behavior of liquid water is related to the existence of a second critical point in deeply supercooled states has long been the subject of intense debate. Recent, sophisticated experiments designed to observe the transformation between the two subcritical liquids on nano- and microsecond time scales, along with demanding numerical simulations based on classical (rigid) models parametrized to reproduce thermodynamic properties of water, have provided support to this hypothesis. A stronger numerical proof requires demonstrating that the critical point, which occurs at temperatures and pressures far from those at which the models were optimized, is robust with respect to model parameterization, specifically with respect to incorporating additional physical effects. Here we show that a liquid-liquid critical point can be rigorously located also in the WAIL model of water [J. Chem. Phys. 137, 014510 (2012)], a model parameterized using ab-initio calculations only. The model incorporates two features not present in many previously-studied water models: it is both flexible and polarizable, properties which can significantly influence the phase behavior of water. The observation of the critical point in a model in which the water-water interaction is estimated using only quantum ab-initio calculations provides strong support to the viewpoint according to which the existence of two distinct liquids is a robust feature in the free energy landscape of supercooled water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Weis
- Princeton University, United States of America
| | | | | | - Pablo G. Debenedetti
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, United States of America
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14
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Eltareb A, Lopez GE, Giovambattista N. Nuclear quantum effects on the dynamics and glass behavior of a monatomic liquid with two liquid states. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:204502. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0087680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We perform path integral molecular dynamics (PIMD) simulations of a monatomic liquid that exhibits a liquid–liquid phase transition and liquid–liquid critical point. PIMD simulations are performed using different values of Planck’s constant h, allowing us to study the behavior of the liquid as nuclear quantum effects (NQE, i.e., atoms delocalization) are introduced, from the classical liquid ( h = 0) to increasingly quantum liquids ( h > 0). By combining the PIMD simulations with the ring-polymer molecular dynamics method, we also explore the dynamics of the classical and quantum liquids. We find that (i) the glass transition temperature of the low-density liquid (LDL) is anomalous, i.e., [Formula: see text] decreases upon compression. Instead, (ii) the glass transition temperature of the high-density liquid (HDL) is normal, i.e., [Formula: see text] increases upon compression. (iii) NQE shift both [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] toward lower temperatures, but NQE are more pronounced on HDL. We also study the glass behavior of the ring-polymer systems associated with the quantum liquids studied (via the path-integral formulation of statistical mechanics). There are two glass states in all the systems studied, low-density amorphous ice (LDA) and high-density amorphous ice (HDA), which are the glass counterparts of LDL and HDL. In all cases, the pressure-induced LDA–HDA transformation is sharp, reminiscent of a first-order phase transition. In the low-quantum regime, the LDA–HDA transformation is reversible, with identical LDA forms before compression and after decompression. However, in the high-quantum regime, the atoms become more delocalized in the final LDA than in the initial LDA, raising questions on the reversibility of the LDA–HDA transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Eltareb
- Department of Physics, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, USA
- PhD Program in Physics, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Gustavo E. Lopez
- Department of Chemistry, Lehman College of the City University of New York, Bronx, New York 10468, USA
- PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Nicolas Giovambattista
- Department of Physics, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, USA
- PhD Program in Physics, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, USA
- PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, USA
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15
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Uemura Y, Ismail ASM, Park SH, Kwon S, Kim M, Elnaggar H, Frati F, Wadati H, Hirata Y, Zhang Y, Yamagami K, Yamamoto S, Matsuda I, Halisdemir U, Koster G, Milne C, Ammann M, Weckhuysen BM, de Groot FMF. Hole Dynamics in Photoexcited Hematite Studied with Femtosecond Oxygen K-edge X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:4207-4214. [PMID: 35512383 PMCID: PMC9125685 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Hematite (α-Fe2O3) is a photoelectrode for the water splitting process because of its relatively narrow bandgap and abundance in the earth's crust. In this study, the photoexcited state of a hematite thin film was investigated with femtosecond oxygen K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at the PAL-XFEL in order to follow the dynamics of its photoexcited states. The 200 fs decay time of the hole state in the valence band was observed via its corresponding XAS feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Uemura
- Inorganic
Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitslaan 99, Utrecht, 3584 CG, The Netherlands
- Laboratory
of Environmental Chemistry, Energy and Environment Research Division, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, 5232, Switzerland
- European
XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, Schenefeld, 22869, Germany
| | - Ahmed S. M. Ismail
- Inorganic
Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitslaan 99, Utrecht, 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Sang Han Park
- PAL-XFEL, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Soonnam Kwon
- PAL-XFEL, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Minseok Kim
- PAL-XFEL, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Hebatalla Elnaggar
- Inorganic
Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitslaan 99, Utrecht, 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Federica Frati
- Inorganic
Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitslaan 99, Utrecht, 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Hiroki Wadati
- Institute
for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
- Graduate
School of Material Science, University of
Hyogo, Kamigori, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Hirata
- Institute
for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Yujun Zhang
- Institute
for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Kohei Yamagami
- Institute
for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Susumu Yamamoto
- Institute
for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Iwao Matsuda
- Institute
for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Ufuk Halisdemir
- Faculty
of
Science and Technology and MESA + Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 2171, Enschede, 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Gertjan Koster
- Faculty
of
Science and Technology and MESA + Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 2171, Enschede, 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher Milne
- European
XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, Schenefeld, 22869, Germany
- SwissFEL, Paul
Scherrer Institut, Villigen, 5232, Switzerland
| | - Markus Ammann
- Laboratory
of Environmental Chemistry, Energy and Environment Research Division, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, 5232, Switzerland
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic
Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitslaan 99, Utrecht, 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Frank M. F. de Groot
- Inorganic
Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitslaan 99, Utrecht, 3584 CG, The Netherlands
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16
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Goswami Y, Vasisht VV, Frenkel D, Debenedetti PG, Sastry S. Thermodynamics and kinetics of crystallization in deeply supercooled Stillinger-Weber silicon. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:194502. [PMID: 34800966 DOI: 10.1063/5.0069475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We study the kinetics of crystallization in deeply supercooled liquid silicon employing computer simulations and the Stillinger-Weber three-body potential. The free energy barriers to crystallization are computed using umbrella sampling Monte Carlo simulations and from unconstrained molecular dynamics simulations using a mean first passage time formulation. We focus on state points that have been described in earlier work [S. Sastry and C. A. Angell, Nat. Mater. 2, 739 (2003)] as straddling a liquid-liquid phase transition (LLPT) between two metastable liquid states. It was argued subsequently [Ricci et al., Mol. Phys. 117, 3254 (2019)] that the apparent transition is due to the loss of metastability of the liquid state with respect to the crystalline state. The presence of a barrier to crystallization for these state points is therefore of importance to ascertain, which we investigate, with due attention to ambiguities that may arise from the choice of order parameters. We find a well-defined free energy barrier to crystallization and demonstrate that both umbrella sampling and mean first passage time methods yield results that agree quantitatively. Our results thus provide strong evidence against the possibility that the liquids at state points close to the reported LLPT exhibit slow, spontaneous crystallization, but they do not address the existence of a LLPT (or lack thereof). We also compute the free energy barriers to crystallization at other state points over a broad range of temperatures and pressures and discuss the effect of changes in the microscopic structure of the metastable liquid on the free energy barrier heights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagyik Goswami
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Vishwas V Vasisht
- Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Ahalia Integrated Campus, Kozhippara P.O., Palakkad, India
| | - Daan Frenkel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England
| | - Pablo G Debenedetti
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Srikanth Sastry
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
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17
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Gußmann F, Hansen-Goos H, Dietrich S, Roth R. Liquid-liquid phase separation in an inhomogeneous ternary colloid-polymer mixture. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:224504. [PMID: 34241228 DOI: 10.1063/5.0052586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Suspended colloids are often considered as models for molecules, which are sufficiently big so that they can be observed directly in (light) microscopes and for which the effective interaction among each other can be tailored. The Asakura-Oosawa model of ideal colloid-polymer mixtures captures the idea of tuning the interaction between the colloids via a potential, which possesses a range set by the size of the polymers and an attractive strength characterized by the (reservoir) number density of the polymers, which plays the role of an inverse temperature. The celebrated Asakura-Oosawa depletion potential allows one to recreate the bulk phase diagram of a simple fluid by employing a colloid-polymer mixture. This has been verified in theory, by computer simulations, and via experiments. Here, we study the phase behavior of a confined colloid-polymer mixture with two polymer species. The sizes and densities are chosen such that the resulting bulk phase diagram exhibits a second stable critical point within the framework of the classical density functional theory. Our results suggest that a suitably tuned colloid-polymer mixture can be an interesting model system to study fluids with two critical points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Gußmann
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Hansen-Goos
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - S Dietrich
- Max-Planck-Institut für Intelligente Systeme, Heisenbergstr. 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Roland Roth
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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18
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Manifestations of metastable criticality in the long-range structure of model water glasses. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3398. [PMID: 34099681 PMCID: PMC8185069 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23639-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Much attention has been devoted to water’s metastable phase behavior, including polyamorphism (multiple amorphous solid phases), and the hypothesized liquid-liquid transition and associated critical point. However, the possible relationship between these phenomena remains incompletely understood. Using molecular dynamics simulations of the realistic TIP4P/2005 model, we found a striking signature of the liquid-liquid critical point in the structure of water glasses, manifested as a pronounced increase in long-range density fluctuations at pressures proximate to the critical pressure. By contrast, these signatures were absent in glasses of two model systems that lack a critical point. We also characterized the departure from equilibrium upon vitrification via the non-equilibrium index; water-like systems exhibited a strong pressure dependence in this metric, whereas simple liquids did not. These results reflect a surprising relationship between the metastable equilibrium phenomenon of liquid-liquid criticality and the non-equilibrium structure of glassy water, with implications for our understanding of water phase behavior and glass physics. Our calculations suggest a possible experimental route to probing the existence of the liquid-liquid transition in water and other fluids. The subtle connections between water’s supercooled liquid and glassy states are difficult to characterize. Gartner et al. suggest with MD simulations that the long-range structure of glassy water may reflect signatures of water’s debated second critical point in the supercooled liquid.
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19
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Limitations of Structural Insight into Ultrafast Melting of Solid Materials with X-ray Diffraction Imaging. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11115157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we analyze the application of X-ray diffraction imaging techniques to follow ultrafast structural transitions in solid materials using the example of an X-ray pump–X-ray probe experiment with a single-crystal silicon performed at a Linac Coherent Light Source. Due to the spatially non-uniform profile of the X-ray beam, the diffractive signal recorded in this experiment included contributions from crystal parts experiencing different fluences from the peak fluence down to zero. With our theoretical model, we could identify specific processes contributing to the silicon melting in those crystal regions, i.e., the non-thermal and thermal melting whose occurrences depended on the locally absorbed X-ray doses. We then constructed the total volume-integrated signal by summing up the coherent signal contributions (amplitudes) from the various crystal regions and found that this significantly differed from the signals obtained for a few selected uniform fluence values, including the peak fluence. This shows that the diffraction imaging signal obtained for a structurally damaged material after an impact of a non-uniform X-ray pump pulse cannot be always interpreted as the material’s response to a pulse of a specific (e.g., peak) fluence as it is sometimes believed. This observation has to be taken into account in planning and interpreting future experiments investigating structural changes in materials with X-ray diffraction imaging.
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20
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Pozdnyakova I, Roik O, Drewitt JWE, Bytchkov A, Kargl F, Jahn S, Brassamin S, Hennet L. Structure of levitated Si-Ge melts studied by high-energy x-ray diffraction in combination with reverse Monte Carlo simulations. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:244002. [PMID: 33827060 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abf593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The short-range order in liquid Si, Ge and binary Six-Ge1-xalloys (x= 0.25, 0.50, 0.75) was studied by x-ray diffraction and reverse Monte Carlo simulations. Experiments were performed in the normal and supercooled liquid states by using the containerless technique of aerodynamic levitation with CO2laser heating, enabling deeper supercooling of liquid Si and Si-Ge alloys than previously reported. The local atomic structure of liquid Si and Ge resembles theβ-tin structure. The first coordination numbers of about 6 for all compositions are found to be independent of temperature indicating the supercooled liquids studied retain this high-density liquid (HDL) structure. However, there is evidence of developing local tetrahedral ordering, as manifested by a shoulder on the right side of the first peak inS(Q) which becomes more prominent with increasing supercooling. This result is potentially indicative of a continuous transition from the stable HDLβ-tin (high pressure) phase, towards a metastable low-density liquid phase, reminiscent of the diamond (ambient pressure) structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Pozdnyakova
- Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux: Haute Température et Irradiation, CNRS, Université d'Orléans, 45071 Orléans cedex 2, France
| | - Oleksandr Roik
- National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv, 01033 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - James W E Drewitt
- School of Physics, University of Bristol, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| | | | - Florian Kargl
- Institut für Materialphysik im Weltraum, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), 51170 Köln, Germany
| | - Sandro Jahn
- Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 49b, 50674 Köln, Germany
| | - Séverine Brassamin
- Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux: Haute Température et Irradiation, CNRS, Université d'Orléans, 45071 Orléans cedex 2, France
| | - Louis Hennet
- Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux: Haute Température et Irradiation, CNRS, Université d'Orléans, 45071 Orléans cedex 2, France
- Interfaces, Confinement, Matériaux et Nanostructures, CNRS, Université d'Orléans, 45071 Orléans cedex 2, France
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21
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Liu Y, Sun G, Xu L. Glass polyamorphism in gallium: Two amorphous solid states and their transformation on the potential energy landscape. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:134503. [PMID: 33832248 DOI: 10.1063/5.0038058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Using the potential energy landscape (PEL) formalism and molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate a phase transformation between two amorphous solid states of gallium, namely, a low-density amorphous solid (LDA) and a high-density amorphous solid (HDA), and compare with its equilibrium counterpart, the liquid-liquid phase transition (LLPT). It is found that on the PEL, the signatures of the out-of-equilibrium LDA-HDA transition are reminiscent of those of the equilibrium LLPT in terms of pressure, inherent structure pressure, inherent structure energy, and shape function, indicating that the LDA-HDA transformation is a first-order-like transition. However, differences are also found between the out-of-equilibrium phase transition and the equilibrium one, for example, the path from LDA to HDA on the PEL cannot be accessed by the path from LDL to HDL. Our results also suggest that the signatures of the out-of-equilibrium transition in gallium are rather general features of systems with an accessible LLPT-not only systems with pairwise interactions but also those with many-body interactions. This finding is of crucial importance for obtaining a deeper understanding of the nature of transitions in the polyamorphic family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhi Liu
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Gang Sun
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Limei Xu
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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22
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Origins of structural and electronic transitions in disordered silicon. Nature 2021; 589:59-64. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-03072-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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23
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Liquid-liquid transition as a perturbation on the van der Waals' equation. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Tanaka
- Department of Fundamental Engineering, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
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25
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Rösner B, Vodungbo B, Chardonnet V, Döring F, Guzenko VA, Hennes M, Kleibert A, Lebugle M, Lüning J, Mahne N, Merhe A, Naumenko D, Nikolov IP, Lopez-Quintas I, Pedersoli E, Ribič PR, Savchenko T, Watts B, Zangrando M, Capotondi F, David C, Jal E. Simultaneous two-color snapshot view on ultrafast charge and spin dynamics in a Fe-Cu-Ni tri-layer. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2020; 7:054302. [PMID: 32984434 PMCID: PMC7511239 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast phenomena on a femtosecond timescale are commonly examined by pump-probe experiments. This implies multiple measurements, where the sample under investigation is pumped with a short light pulse and then probed with a second pulse at various time delays to follow its dynamics. Recently, the principle of streaking extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulses in the temporal domain has enabled recording the dynamics of a system within a single pulse. However, separate pump-probe experiments at different absorption edges still lack a unified timing, when comparing the dynamics in complex systems. Here, we report on an experiment using a dedicated optical element and the two-color emission of the FERMI XUV free-electron laser to follow the charge and spin dynamics in composite materials at two distinct absorption edges, simultaneously. The sample, consisting of ferromagnetic Fe and Ni layers, separated by a Cu layer, is pumped by an infrared laser and probed by a two-color XUV pulse with photon energies tuned to the M-shell resonances of these two transition metals. The experimental geometry intrinsically avoids any timing uncertainty between the two elements and unambiguously reveals an approximately 100 fs delay of the magnetic response with respect to the electronic excitation for both Fe and Ni. This delay shows that the electronic and spin degrees of freedom are decoupled during the demagnetization process. We furthermore observe that the electronic dynamics of Ni and Fe show pronounced differences when probed at their resonance, while the demagnetization dynamics are similar. These observations underline the importance of simultaneous investigation of the temporal response of both charge and spin in multi-component materials. In a more general scenario, the experimental approach can be extended to continuous energy ranges, promising the development of jitter-free transient absorption spectroscopy in the XUV and soft X-ray regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Boris Vodungbo
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique – Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, Paris 75005, France
| | - Valentin Chardonnet
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique – Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, Paris 75005, France
| | | | | | - Marcel Hennes
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique – Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, Paris 75005, France
| | | | | | - Jan Lüning
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique – Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, Paris 75005, France
| | - Nicola Mahne
- IOM-CNR, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5, Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Aladine Merhe
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique – Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, Paris 75005, France
| | - Denys Naumenko
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5, Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Ivaylo P. Nikolov
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5, Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Ignacio Lopez-Quintas
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5, Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Emanuele Pedersoli
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5, Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Flavio Capotondi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5, Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | | | - Emmanuelle Jal
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique – Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, Paris 75005, France
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26
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Dziarzhytski S, Biednov M, Dicke B, Wang A, Miedema PS, Engel RY, Schunck JO, Redlin H, Weigelt H, Siewert F, Behrens C, Sinha M, Schulte A, Grimm-Lebsanft B, Chiuzbăian SG, Wurth W, Beye M, Rübhausen M, Brenner G. The TRIXS end-station for femtosecond time-resolved resonant inelastic x-ray scattering experiments at the soft x-ray free-electron laser FLASH. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2020; 7:054301. [PMID: 32953941 PMCID: PMC7498279 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present the experimental end-station TRIXS dedicated to time-resolved soft x-ray resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) experiments on solid samples at the free-electron laser FLASH. Using monochromatized ultrashort femtosecond XUV/soft x-ray photon pulses in combination with a synchronized optical laser in a pump-probe scheme, the TRIXS setup allows measuring sub-picosecond time-resolved high-resolution RIXS spectra in the energy range from 35 eV to 210 eV, thus spanning the M-edge (M1 and M2,3) absorption resonances of 3d transition metals and N4,5-edges of rare earth elements. A Kirkpatrick-Baez refocusing mirror system at the first branch of the plane grating monochromator beamline (PG1) provides a focus of (6 × 6) μm2 (FWHM) at the sample. The RIXS spectrometer reaches an energy resolution of 35-160 meV over the entire spectral range. The optical laser system based on a chirped pulse optical parametric amplifier provides approximately 100 fs (FWHM) long photon pulses at the fundamental wavelength of 800 nm and a fluence of 120 mJ/cm2 at a sample for optical pump-XUV probe measurements. Furthermore, optical frequency conversion enables experiments at 400 nm or 267 nm with a fluence of 80 and 30 mJ/cm2, respectively. Some of the first (pump-probe) RIXS spectra measured with this setup are shown. The measured time resolution for time-resolved RIXS measurements has been characterized as 287 fs (FWHM) for the used energy resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Biednov
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - B. Dicke
- Institute of Nanostructure and Solid State Physics, University of Hamburg and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - A. Wang
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS (UMR 7614), Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | | | | | | | - H. Redlin
- DESY, Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - H. Weigelt
- DESY, Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - F. Siewert
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, Department Optics and Beamlines, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - C. Behrens
- DESY, Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - M. Sinha
- DESY, Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - A. Schulte
- DESY, Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - B. Grimm-Lebsanft
- Institute of Nanostructure and Solid State Physics, University of Hamburg and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - S. G. Chiuzbăian
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS (UMR 7614), Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - W. Wurth
- DESY, Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - M. Beye
- DESY, Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - M. Rübhausen
- Institute of Nanostructure and Solid State Physics, University of Hamburg and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - G. Brenner
- DESY, Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
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27
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Dharma-Wardana MWC, Klug DD, Remsing RC. Liquid-Liquid Phase Transitions in Silicon. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:075702. [PMID: 32857559 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.075702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We use computationally simple neutral pseudoatom ("average atom") density functional theory (DFT) and standard DFT to elucidate liquid-liquid phase transitions (LPTs) in liquid silicon. An ionization-driven transition and three LPTs including the known LPT near 2.5 g/cm^{3} are found. They are robust even to 1 eV. The pair distributions functions, pair potentials, electrical conductivities, and compressibilites are reported. The LPTs are elucidated within a Fermi liquid picture of electron scattering at the Fermi energy that complements the transient covalent bonding picture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dennis D Klug
- National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Richard C Remsing
- Rutgers University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8019 USA
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28
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Desgranges C, Delhommelle J. Unraveling liquid polymorphism in silicon driven out-of-equilibrium. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:054502. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0015417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Desgranges
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA and Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, USA
| | - Jerome Delhommelle
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA and Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, USA
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29
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30
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Remsing RC, Klein ML. Molecular Simulation of Covalent Bond Dynamics in Liquid Silicon. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:3180-3185. [PMID: 32216375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c01798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Many atomic liquids can form transient covalent bonds reminiscent of those in the corresponding solid states. These directional interactions dictate many important properties of the liquid state, necessitating a quantitative, atomic-scale understanding of bonding in these complex systems. A prototypical example is liquid silicon, wherein transient covalent bonds give rise to local tetrahedral order and consequent nontrivial effects on liquid-state thermodynamics and dynamics. To further understand covalent bonding in liquid silicon, and similar liquids, we present an ab initio-simulation-based approach for quantifying the structure and dynamics of covalent bonds in condensed phases. Through the examination of structural correlations among silicon nuclei and maximally localized Wannier function centers, we develop a geometric criterion for covalent bonds in liquid Si. We use this to monitor the dynamics of transient covalent bonding in the liquid state and estimate a covalent bond lifetime. We compare covalent bond dynamics to other processes in liquid Si and similar liquids and suggest experiments to measure the covalent bond lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C Remsing
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Michael L Klein
- Institute for Computational Molecular Science and Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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31
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Ismail ASM, Uemura Y, Park SH, Kwon S, Kim M, Elnaggar H, Frati F, Niwa Y, Wadati H, Hirata Y, Zhang Y, Yamagami K, Yamamoto S, Matsuda I, Halisdemir U, Koster G, Weckhuysen BM, de Groot FMF. Direct observation of the electronic states of photoexcited hematite with ultrafast 2p3d X-ray absorption spectroscopy and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:2685-2692. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03374b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast Fe L3 XAS and 2p3d RIXS elucidate the photoexcitation process of hematite.
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32
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Ricci F, Palmer JC, Goswami Y, Sastry S, Angell CA, Debenedetti PG. A computational investigation of the thermodynamics of the Stillinger-Weber family of models at supercooled conditions. Mol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2019.1649496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ricci
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
- Material and Analytical Sciences Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jeremy C. Palmer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yagyik Goswami
- Jawaharlal Nehru Center for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Srikanth Sastry
- Jawaharlal Nehru Center for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - C. Austen Angell
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Pablo G. Debenedetti
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
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33
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Bernstein N, Bhattarai B, Csányi G, Drabold DA, Elliott SR, Deringer VL. Quantifying Chemical Structure and Machine-Learned Atomic Energies in Amorphous and Liquid Silicon. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:7057-7061. [PMID: 30835962 PMCID: PMC6563111 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous materials are being described by increasingly powerful computer simulations, but new approaches are still needed to fully understand their intricate atomic structures. Here, we show how machine-learning-based techniques can give new, quantitative chemical insight into the atomic-scale structure of amorphous silicon (a-Si). We combine a quantitative description of the nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor structure with a quantitative description of local stability. The analysis is applied to an ensemble of a-Si networks in which we tailor the degree of ordering by varying the quench rates down to 1010 K s-1 . Our approach associates coordination defects in a-Si with distinct stability regions and it has also been applied to liquid Si, where it traces a clear-cut transition in local energies during vitrification. The method is straightforward and inexpensive to apply, and therefore expected to have more general significance for developing a quantitative understanding of liquid and amorphous states of matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam Bernstein
- Center for Materials Physics and TechnologyU.S. Naval Research LaboratoryWashingtonDC20375USA
| | - Bishal Bhattarai
- Department of Physics and AstronomyOhio UniversityAthensOH45701USA
| | - Gábor Csányi
- Department of EngineeringUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1PZUK
| | - David A. Drabold
- Department of Physics and AstronomyOhio UniversityAthensOH45701USA
| | | | - Volker L. Deringer
- Department of EngineeringUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1PZUK
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
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34
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Bernstein N, Bhattarai B, Csányi G, Drabold DA, Elliott SR, Deringer VL. Quantifying Chemical Structure and Machine‐Learned Atomic Energies in Amorphous and Liquid Silicon. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201902625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Noam Bernstein
- Center for Materials Physics and Technology U.S. Naval Research Laboratory Washington DC 20375 USA
| | - Bishal Bhattarai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy Ohio University Athens OH 45701 USA
| | - Gábor Csányi
- Department of Engineering University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1PZ UK
| | - David A. Drabold
- Department of Physics and Astronomy Ohio University Athens OH 45701 USA
| | | | - Volker L. Deringer
- Department of Engineering University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1PZ UK
- Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
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35
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Beye M, Engel RY, Schunck JO, Dziarzhytski S, Brenner G, Miedema PS. Non-linear soft x-ray methods on solids with MUSIX-the multi-dimensional spectroscopy and inelastic x-ray scattering endstation. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:014003. [PMID: 30504529 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aaedf3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
With the intense and coherent x-ray pulses available from free-electron lasers, the possibility to transfer non-linear spectroscopic methods from the laser lab to the x-ray world arises. Advantages especially regarding selectivity and thus information content as well as an improvement of signal levels are expected. The use of coherences is especially fruitful and the example of coherent x-ray/optical sum-frequency generation is discussed. However, many non-linear x-ray methods still await discovery, partially due to the necessity for extremely adaptable and versatile instrumentation that can be brought to free-electron lasers for the analysis of the spectral content emitted from the sample into a continuous range of emission angles. Such an instrument (called MUSIX) is being developed and employed at FLASH, the free-electron laser in Hamburg and is described in this contribution together with first results.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Beye
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany. Physics Department, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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36
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Desgranges C, Delhommelle J. Communication: Existence and control of liquid polymorphism in methanol under shear. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:111101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5052376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Desgranges
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, 151 Cornell Street Stop 9024, Grand Forks North Dakota 58202, USA
| | - Jerome Delhommelle
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, 151 Cornell Street Stop 9024, Grand Forks North Dakota 58202, USA
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37
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Liquid-liquid structure transition and its effect on the solidification behaviors and microstructure of Sn75Bi25 alloy. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.04.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Higuchi S, Kato D, Awaji D, Kim K. Connecting thermodynamic and dynamical anomalies of water-like liquid-liquid phase transition in the Fermi–Jagla model. J Chem Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5017105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Saki Higuchi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Daiki Kato
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Daisuke Awaji
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Kang Kim
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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39
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Nguyen B, Lopez GE, Giovambattista N. Nuclear quantum effects on the liquid–liquid phase transition of a water-like monatomic liquid. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp08505b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The liquid–liquid phase transition of a classical monatomic liquid shifts towards low-temperatures and high-pressures when nuclear quantum effects are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binh Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Lehman College of the City University of New York
- Bronx
- USA
| | - Gustavo E. Lopez
- Department of Chemistry, Lehman College of the City University of New York
- Bronx
- USA
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York
- New York
| | - Nicolas Giovambattista
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York
- New York
- USA
- Department of Physics, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York
- Brooklyn
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40
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Liu Q, Qi R, Song S, Yan Z, Huang Q. Controllable conversion of liquid silicon from high-density to low-density towards amorphous silicon nanospheres on a wafer scale. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:12694-12697. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05827j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen pressure plays a key role in keeping silicon in low-density liquid, benefiting the formation of amorphous silicon spheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Ruifeng Qi
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Shuang Song
- College of Architecture & Environment
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Zhihui Yan
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Qingsong Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
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41
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Wang Z, Li T, Duan Y, Wu W, Zhao Z, Liu Y, Li H. Abnormal separation of the silicon–oxygen bond in the liquid layering transition of silicon dioxide in a nanoslit. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:3724-3734. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06843c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Layering transition and separation of silicon and oxygen in liquid SiO2 become obvious due to the strengthening of the nanoconfined effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials
- Ministry of Education, Shandong University
- Jinan 250061
- People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials
- Ministry of Education, Shandong University
- Jinan 250061
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yunrui Duan
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials
- Ministry of Education, Shandong University
- Jinan 250061
- People's Republic of China
| | - Weikang Wu
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials
- Ministry of Education, Shandong University
- Jinan 250061
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials
- Ministry of Education, Shandong University
- Jinan 250061
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Liu
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials
- Ministry of Education, Shandong University
- Jinan 250061
- People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials
- Ministry of Education, Shandong University
- Jinan 250061
- People's Republic of China
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42
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Mincigrucci R, Bencivenga F, Principi E, Capotondi F, Foglia L, Naumenko D, Simoncig A, Dal Zilio S, Gessini A, Kurdi G, Mahne N, Manfredda M, Matruglio A, Nikolov I, Pedersoli E, Raimondi L, Sergo R, Zangrando M, Masciovecchio C. Timing methodologies and studies at the FERMI free-electron laser. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2018; 25:44-51. [PMID: 29271750 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577517016368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved investigations have begun a new era of chemistry and physics, enabling the monitoring in real time of the dynamics of chemical reactions and matter. Induced transient optical absorption is a basic ultrafast electronic effect, originated by a partial depletion of the valence band, that can be triggered by exposing insulators and semiconductors to sub-picosecond extreme-ultraviolet pulses. Besides its scientific and fundamental implications, this process is very important as it is routinely applied in free-electron laser (FEL) facilities to achieve the temporal superposition between FEL and optical laser pulses with tens of femtoseconds accuracy. Here, a set of methodologies developed at the FERMI facility based on ultrafast effects in condensed materials and employed to effectively determine the FEL/laser cross correlation are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Mincigrucci
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, Strada Statale 14, km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, Basovizza 34149, Italy
| | - Filippo Bencivenga
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, Strada Statale 14, km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, Basovizza 34149, Italy
| | - Emiliano Principi
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, Strada Statale 14, km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, Basovizza 34149, Italy
| | - Flavio Capotondi
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, Strada Statale 14, km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, Basovizza 34149, Italy
| | - Laura Foglia
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, Strada Statale 14, km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, Basovizza 34149, Italy
| | - Denys Naumenko
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, Strada Statale 14, km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, Basovizza 34149, Italy
| | - Alberto Simoncig
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, Strada Statale 14, km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, Basovizza 34149, Italy
| | - Simone Dal Zilio
- IOM Laboratorio Nazionale TASC, Strada Statale 14, km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, Basovizza 34149, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gessini
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, Strada Statale 14, km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, Basovizza 34149, Italy
| | - Gabor Kurdi
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, Strada Statale 14, km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, Basovizza 34149, Italy
| | - Nicola Mahne
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, Strada Statale 14, km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, Basovizza 34149, Italy
| | - Michele Manfredda
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, Strada Statale 14, km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, Basovizza 34149, Italy
| | - Alessia Matruglio
- CERIC-ERIC (Central European Research Infrastructure Consortium), Strada Statale 14, km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, Basovizza 34149, Italy
| | - Ivaylo Nikolov
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, Strada Statale 14, km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, Basovizza 34149, Italy
| | - Emanuele Pedersoli
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, Strada Statale 14, km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, Basovizza 34149, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Raimondi
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, Strada Statale 14, km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, Basovizza 34149, Italy
| | - Rudi Sergo
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, Strada Statale 14, km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, Basovizza 34149, Italy
| | - Marco Zangrando
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, Strada Statale 14, km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, Basovizza 34149, Italy
| | - Claudio Masciovecchio
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, Strada Statale 14, km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, Basovizza 34149, Italy
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43
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44
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Wang XD, Jiang JZ. Perspective on Structural Evolution and Relations with Thermophysical Properties of Metallic Liquids. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1703136. [PMID: 28940751 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between the structural evolution and properties of metallic liquids is a long-standing hot issue in condensed-matter physics and materials science. Here, recent progress is reviewed in several fundamental aspects of metallic liquids, including the methods to study their atomic structures, liquid-liquid transition, physical properties, fragility, and their correlations with local structures, together with potential applications of liquid metals at room temperature. Involved with more experimentally and theoretically advanced techniques, these studies provide more in-depth understanding of the structure-property relationship of metallic liquids and promote the design of new metallic materials with superior properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Wang
- International Center for New-Structured Materials, School of Materials and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Zhong Jiang
- International Center for New-Structured Materials, School of Materials and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
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45
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Transmission zone plates as analyzers for efficient parallel 2D RIXS-mapping. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8849. [PMID: 28821805 PMCID: PMC5562906 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09052-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We have implemented and successfully tested an off-axis transmission Fresnel zone plate as spectral analyzer for resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS). The imaging capabilities of zone plates allow for advanced two-dimensional (2D) mapping applications. By varying the photon energy along a line focus on the sample, we were able to simultaneously record the emission spectra over a range of excitation energies. Moreover, by scanning a line focus across the sample in one dimension, we efficiently recorded RIXS spectra spatially resolved in 2D, increasing the throughput by two orders of magnitude. The presented scheme opens up a variety of novel measurements and efficient, ultra-fast time resolved investigations at X-ray Free-Electron Laser sources.
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46
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Ricci F, Debenedetti PG. A free energy study of the liquid-liquid phase transition of the Jagla two-scale potential. J CHEM SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-017-1315-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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47
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Cunsolo A. The terahertz dynamics of simplest fluids probed by inelastic X-ray scattering. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2017.1331900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cunsolo
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
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48
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Relationship between structural order and water-like anomalies in metastable liquid silicon: Ab initio molecular dynamics. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39952. [PMID: 28054595 PMCID: PMC5215308 DOI: 10.1038/srep39952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between structural order and water-like anomalies in tetrahedral liquids is still open. Here, first-principle molecular dynamics are performed to study it in metastable liquid Si. It is found that in T-P phase diagram, there indeed exists a structural anomaly region, which encloses density anomaly but not diffusivity anomaly. This is consistent with that of SW Si and BKS SiO2 but different from that of SPC/E water. Two-body excess entropy anomaly can neither capture the diffusivity, structural, and density anomalies, as it can in a two-scale potential fluid. In structural anomaly region, tetrahedrality order qtetra (measuring the extent to which an atom and its four nearest neighbours adopt tetrahedral arrangement) and translational order ttrans (measuring the tendency of two atoms to adopt preferential separation) are not perfectly correlated, which is different from that in SW Si and renders it impossible to use the isotaxis line to quantify the degree of structural order needed for water-like anomalies to occur. Along the isotherm of critical temperature Tc, ttrans/qtetra is approximately linear with pressure. With decreasing pressure along the isotherm below Tc, ttrans/qtetra departs downward from the line, while it is the opposite case above Tc.
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49
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Extreme ultraviolet resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) at a seeded free-electron laser. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38796. [PMID: 27941842 PMCID: PMC5150230 DOI: 10.1038/srep38796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few years, we have been witnessing an increased interest for studying materials properties under non-equilibrium conditions. Several well established spectroscopies for experiments in the energy domain have been successfully adapted to the time domain with sub-picosecond time resolution. Here we show the realization of high resolution resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) with a stable ultrashort X-ray source such as an externally seeded free electron laser (FEL). We have designed and constructed a RIXS experimental endstation that allowed us to successfully measure the d-d excitations in KCoF3 single crystals at the cobalt M2,3-edge at FERMI FEL (Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Italy). The FEL-RIXS spectra show an excellent agreement with the ones obtained from the same samples at the MERIXS endstation of the MERLIN beamline at the Advanced Light Source storage ring (Berkeley, USA). We established experimental protocols for performing time resolved RIXS experiments at a FEL source to avoid X ray-induced sample damage, while retaining comparable acquisition time to the synchrotron based measurements. Finally, we measured and modelled the influence of the FEL mixed electromagnetic modes, also present in externally seeded FELs, and the beam transport with ~120 meV experimental resolution achieved in the presented RIXS setup.
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50
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Ciarella S, Gang O, Sciortino F. Toward the observation of a liquid-liquid phase transition in patchy origami tetrahedra: a numerical study. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2016; 39:131. [PMID: 28012144 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2016-16131-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We evaluate the phase diagram of a model of tetrameric particles where the arms of the tetrahedra are made by six hard cylinders. An interacting site is present on each one of the four vertices allowing the particles to form a bonded network. These model particles provide a coarse-grained but realistic representation of recently synthesised DNA origami tetrahedra. We show that the resulting network is sufficiently empty to allow for partial interpenetration and it is sufficiently flexible to avoid crystallisation (at least on the numerical time scale), satisfying both criteria requested for the observation of a liquid-liquid critical point in tetrahedrally coordinated particles. Grand-canonical simulations provide evidence that, in silico, the model is indeed characterised, in addition to the gas-liquid transition, by a transition between two distinct liquid phases. Our results suggest that an experimental observation of a liquid-liquid transition in a colloidal system can be achieved in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Ciarella
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185, Roma, Italy.
| | - Oleg Gang
- Chemical Engineering Department, Columbia University, 817 Mudd, New York, USA
| | - Francesco Sciortino
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185, Roma, Italy
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