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Zhang S, Li P, Li J, Gao J, Qi Q, Dong G, Liu X, Jiao Q, Wang Y, Du L, Zhan H, Xu S, Wang C. Chromatin accessibility uncovers KRAS-driven FOSL2 promoting pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma progression through up-regulation of CCL28. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:426-443. [PMID: 37380804 PMCID: PMC10403592 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02313-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epigenetic mechanisms involved in the progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remain largely unexplored. This study aimed to identify key transcription factors (TFs) through multiomics sequencing to investigate the molecular mechanisms of TFs that play critical roles in PDAC. METHODS To characterise the epigenetic landscape of genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) of PDAC with or without KRAS and/or TP53 mutations, we employed ATAC-seq, H3K27ac ChIP-seq, and RNA-seq. The effect of Fos-like antigen 2 (FOSL2) on survival was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate Cox regression analysis for PDAC patients. To study the potential targets of FOSL2, we performed Cleavage Under Targets and Tagmentation (CUT&Tag). To explore the functions and underlying mechanisms of FOSL2 in PDAC progression, we employed several assays, including CCK8, transwell migration and invasion, RT-qPCR, Western blotting analysis, IHC, ChIP-qPCR, dual-luciferase reporter, and xenograft models. RESULTS Our findings indicated that epigenetic changes played a role in immunosuppressed signalling during PDAC progression. Moreover, we identified FOSL2 as a critical regulator that was up-regulated in PDAC and associated with poor prognosis in patients. FOSL2 promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Importantly, our research revealed that FOSL2 acted as a downstream target of the KRAS/MAPK pathway and recruited regulatory T (Treg) cells by transcriptionally activating C-C motif chemokine ligand 28 (CCL28). This discovery highlighted the role of an immunosuppressed regulatory axis involving KRAS/MAPK-FOSL2-CCL28-Treg cells in the development of PDAC. CONCLUSION Our study uncovered that KRAS-driven FOSL2 promoted PDAC progression by transcriptionally activating CCL28, revealing an immunosuppressive role for FOSL2 in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 250033, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Peilong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 250033, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 250033, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 250033, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qiuchen Qi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 250033, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guoying Dong
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 250033, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qinlian Jiao
- Shandong Institute of Medical Device and Pharmaceutical Packaging Inspection, 15166 Century Avenue, 250101, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lutao Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 250033, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hanxiang Zhan
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Shuo Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Chuanxin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 250033, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Angata T, Varki A. Discovery, classification, evolution and diversity of Siglecs. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 90:101117. [PMID: 35989204 PMCID: PMC9905256 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily proteins play diverse roles in vertebrates, including regulation of cellular responses by sensing endogenous or exogenous ligands. Siglecs are a family of glycan-recognizing proteins belonging to the Ig superfamily (i.e., I-type lectins). Siglecs are expressed on various leukocyte types and are involved in diverse aspects of immunity, including the regulation of inflammatory responses, leukocyte proliferation, host-microbe interaction, and cancer immunity. Sialoadhesin/Siglec-1, CD22/Siglec-2, and myelin-associated glycoprotein/Siglec-4 were among the first to be characterized as members of the Siglec family, and along with Siglec-15, they are relatively well-conserved among tetrapods. Conversely, CD33/Siglec-3-related Siglecs (CD33rSiglecs, so named as they show high sequence similarity with CD33/Siglec-3) are encoded in a gene cluster with many interspecies variations and even intraspecies variations within some lineages such as humans. The rapid evolution of CD33rSiglecs expressed on leukocytes involved in innate immunity likely reflects the selective pressure by pathogens that interact and possibly exploit these Siglecs. Human Siglecs have several additional unique and/or polymorphic properties as compared with closely related great apes, changes possibly related to the loss of the sialic acid Neu5Gc, another distinctly human event in sialobiology. Multiple changes in human CD33rSiglecs compared to great apes include many examples of human-specific expression in non-immune cells, coinciding with human-specific diseases involving such cell types. Some Siglec gene polymorphisms have dual consequences-beneficial in a situation but detrimental in another. The association of human Siglec gene polymorphisms with several infectious and non-infectious diseases likely reflects the ongoing competition between the host and microbial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Angata
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ajit Varki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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3
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Emerging phagocytosis checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:104. [PMID: 36882399 PMCID: PMC9990587 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01365-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy, mainly including immune checkpoints-targeted therapy and the adoptive transfer of engineered immune cells, has revolutionized the oncology landscape as it utilizes patients' own immune systems in combating the cancer cells. Cancer cells escape immune surveillance by hijacking the corresponding inhibitory pathways via overexpressing checkpoint genes. Phagocytosis checkpoints, such as CD47, CD24, MHC-I, PD-L1, STC-1 and GD2, have emerged as essential checkpoints for cancer immunotherapy by functioning as "don't eat me" signals or interacting with "eat me" signals to suppress immune responses. Phagocytosis checkpoints link innate immunity and adaptive immunity in cancer immunotherapy. Genetic ablation of these phagocytosis checkpoints, as well as blockade of their signaling pathways, robustly augments phagocytosis and reduces tumor size. Among all phagocytosis checkpoints, CD47 is the most thoroughly studied and has emerged as a rising star among targets for cancer treatment. CD47-targeting antibodies and inhibitors have been investigated in various preclinical and clinical trials. However, anemia and thrombocytopenia appear to be formidable challenges since CD47 is ubiquitously expressed on erythrocytes. Here, we review the reported phagocytosis checkpoints by discussing their mechanisms and functions in cancer immunotherapy, highlight clinical progress in targeting these checkpoints and discuss challenges and potential solutions to smooth the way for combination immunotherapeutic strategies that involve both innate and adaptive immune responses.
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Qazi S, Uckun FM. CD22 Exon 12 Deletion as an Independent Predictor of Poor Treatment Outcomes in B-ALL. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1599. [PMID: 36900389 PMCID: PMC10000517 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported a splicing defect (CD22ΔE12) associated with the deletion of exon 12 of the inhibitory co-receptor CD22 (Siglec-2) in leukemia cells from patients with CD19+ B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). CD22ΔE12 causes a truncating frameshift mutation and yields a dysfunctional CD22 protein that lacks most of the cytoplasmic domain required for its inhibitory function, and it is associated with aggressive in vivo growth of human B-ALL cells in mouse xenograft models. Although CD22ΔE12 with selective reduction of CD22 exon 12 (CD22E12) levels was detected in a high percentage of newly diagnosed as well as relapsed B-ALL patients, its clinical significance remains unknown. We hypothesized that B-ALL patients with very low levels of wildtype CD22 would exhibit a more aggressive disease with a worse prognosis because the missing inhibitory function of the truncated CD22 molecules could not be adequately compensated by competing wildtype CD22. Here, we demonstrate that newly diagnosed B-ALL patients with very low levels of residual wildtype CD22 ("CD22E12low"), as measured by RNAseq-based CD22E12 mRNA levels, have significantly worse leukemia-free survival (LFS) as well as overall survival (OS) than other B-ALL patients. CD22E12low status was identified as a poor prognostic indicator in both univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. CD22E12low status at presentation shows clinical potential as a poor prognostic biomarker that may guide the early allocation of risk-adjusted, patient-tailored treatment regimens and refine risk classification in high-risk B-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjive Qazi
- Ares Pharmaceuticals, Saint Paul, MN 55110, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine (USC KSOM), Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Fatih M. Uckun
- Ares Pharmaceuticals, Saint Paul, MN 55110, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine (USC KSOM), Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
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ERBB1/EGFR and JAK3 Tyrosine Kinases as Potential Therapeutic Targets in High-Risk Multiple Myeloma. ONCO 2022; 2:282-304. [PMID: 36311273 PMCID: PMC9610889 DOI: 10.3390/onco2040016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Our main objective was to identify abundantly expressed tyrosine kinases in multiple myeloma (MM) as potential therapeutic targets. We first compared the transcriptomes of malignant plasma cells from newly diagnosed MM patients who were risk-categorized based on the patient-specific EMC-92/SKY-92 gene expression signature values vs. normal plasma cells from healthy volunteers using archived datasets from the HOVON65/GMMG-HD4 randomized Phase 3 study evaluating the clinical efficacy of bortezomib induction/maintenance versus classic cytotoxic drugs and thalidomide maintenance. In particular, ERBB1/EGFR was significantly overexpressed in MM cells in comparison to normal control plasma cells, and it was differentially overexpressed in MM cells from high-risk patients. Amplified expression of EGFR/ERBB1 mRNA in MM cells was positively correlated with increased expression levels of mRNAs for several DNA binding proteins and transcription factors with known upregulating activity on EGFR/ERBB1 gene expression. MM patients with the highest ERBB1/EGFR expression level had significantly shorter PFS and OS times than patients with the lowest ERBB1/EGFR expression level. High expression levels of EGFR/ERBB1 were associated with significantly increased hazard ratios for unfavorable PFS and OS outcomes in both univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. The impact of high EGFR/ERBB1 expression on the PFS and OS outcomes remained significant even after accounting for the prognostic effects of other covariates. These results regarding the prognostic effect of EGFR/ERBB1 expression were validated using the MMRF-CoMMpass RNAseq dataset generated in patients treated with more recently applied drug combinations included in contemporary induction regimens. Our findings provide new insights regarding the molecular mechanism and potential clinical significance of upregulated EGFR/ERBB1 expression in MM.
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6
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Uckun FM, Qazi S. Tyrosine kinases in KMT2A/MLL-rearranged acute leukemias as potential therapeutic targets to overcome cancer drug resistance. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2022; 5:902-916. [PMID: 36627892 PMCID: PMC9771742 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2022.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aim: The main goal of this study was to elucidate at the transcript level the tyrosine kinase expression profiles of primary leukemia cells from mixed lineage leukemia 1 gene rearranged (KMT2A/MLL-R+) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients. Methods: We evaluated protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) gene expression profiles of primary leukemic cells in KMT2A/MLL-R+ AML and ALL patients using publicly available archived datasets. Results: Our studies provided unprecedented evidence that the genetic signatures of KMT2A/MLL-R+ AML and ALL cells are characterized by transcript-level overexpression of specific PTK. In infants, children and adults with KMT2A/MLL-R+ ALL, as well as pediatric patients with KMT2A/MLL-R+ AML, the gene expression levels for FLT3, BTK, SYK, JAK2/JAK3, as well as several SRC family PTK were differentially amplified. In adults with KMT2A/MLL-R+ AML, the gene expression levels for SYK, JAK family kinase TYK2, and the SRC family kinases FGR and HCK were differentially amplified. Conclusion: These results provide new insights regarding the clinical potential of small molecule inhibitors of these PTK, many of which are already FDA/EMA-approved for other indications, as components of innovative multi-modality treatment platforms against KMT2A/MLL-R+ acute leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih M. Uckun
- Correspondence to: Dr. Fatih M. Uckun, Ares Pharmaceuticals, 12590 Ethan Ave N, St. Paul, MN 55110, USA. E-mail:
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7
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Chen Y, Jiang P, Lei S, Chen X, Yao S, Jiang D, Lin D, Jia X, Hu J. Optical tweezers and Raman spectroscopy for single-cell classification of drug resistance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202200117. [PMID: 35642096 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Laser Tweezers Raman Spectroscopy (LTRS) is a combination of laser tweezers and Raman spectroscopy. It is a physical tool based on the mechanical effects of the laser, which can be used to study single living cells in suspension in a fast and non-destructive way. Our work aims to establish a methodology system based on LTRS to rapidly and non-destructively detect the resistance of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells and to provide a new idea for the evaluation of the resistance of ALL cells. Two specific adriamycin-resistant and parental ALL cells BALL-1 and Nalm6 were included in this study. Adriamycin resistant cells can induce the spectral differences, which can be detected by LTRS initially. To ensure the accuracy of the results, we use the principal components analysis (PCA) as well as the classification and regression trees (CRT) algorithms, which show that the specificity and sensitivity of LTRS are above 90%. In addition, to further clarify the chemoresistance status of ALL cells, we used the CRT models and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves which are based on the band data to look for some important bands and band intensity ratios that have strong pointing significance. Our work proves that LTRS analysis combined with multivariate statistical analyses have great potential to be a novel analytical strategy at the single-cell level for rapidly evaluating the chemoresistance status of ALL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Peifang Jiang
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuyi Lei
- Department of Medical Imaging Technology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging Technology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuting Yao
- Department of Medical Imaging Technology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dongmei Jiang
- Department of Medical Imaging Technology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Donghong Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xianggang Jia
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianda Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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8
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Bourcier J, Abdel-Wahab O. Splicing-Mediated Antigen Escape from Immunotherapy for B-cell Malignancies. Blood Cancer Discov 2022; 3:87-89. [PMID: 35015686 DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-21-0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY In this issue of Blood Cancer Discovery, Zheng and colleagues identify that alternative RNA splicing of CD22 within B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia can result in antigen escape from CD22-targeted immunotherapies. Drug-resistant isoforms of CD22 exist within leukemic cells pretreatment and can influence response to the CD22-directed antibody-drug conjugate inotuzumab ozogamicin, the immunotoxin moxetumomab pasudotox, as well as anti-CD22 chimeric antigen receptor T cells. See related article by Zheng et al., p. 103 (7).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie Bourcier
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Omar Abdel-Wahab
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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Zheng S, Gillespie E, Naqvi AS, Hayer KE, Ang Z, Torres-Diz M, Quesnel-Vallières M, Hottman DA, Bagashev A, Chukinas J, Schmidt C, Asnani M, Shraim R, Taylor DM, Rheingold SR, O'Brien MM, Singh N, Lynch KW, Ruella M, Barash Y, Tasian SK, Thomas-Tikhonenko A. Modulation of CD22 Protein Expression in Childhood Leukemia by Pervasive Splicing Aberrations: Implications for CD22-Directed Immunotherapies. Blood Cancer Discov 2022; 3:103-115. [PMID: 35015683 PMCID: PMC9780083 DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-21-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Downregulation of surface epitopes causes postimmunotherapy relapses in B-lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Here we demonstrate that mRNA encoding CD22 undergoes aberrant splicing in B-ALL. We describe the plasma membrane-bound CD22 Δex5-6 splice isoform, which is resistant to chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells targeting the third immunoglobulin-like domain of CD22. We also describe splice variants skipping the AUG-containing exon 2 and failing to produce any identifiable protein, thereby defining an event that is rate limiting for epitope presentation. Indeed, forcing exon 2 skipping with morpholino oligonucleotides reduced CD22 protein expression and conferred resistance to the CD22-directed antibody-drug conjugate inotuzumab ozogamicin in vitro. Furthermore, among inotuzumab-treated pediatric patients with B-ALL, we identified one nonresponder in whose leukemic blasts Δex2 isoforms comprised the majority of CD22 transcripts. In a second patient, a sharp reduction in CD22 protein levels during relapse was driven entirely by increased CD22 exon 2 skipping. Thus, dysregulated CD22 splicing is a major mechanism of epitope downregulation and ensuing resistance to immunotherapy. SIGNIFICANCE The mechanism(s) underlying downregulation of surface CD22 following CD22-directed immunotherapy remains underexplored. Our biochemical and correlative studies demonstrate that in B-ALL, CD22 expression levels are controlled by inclusion/skipping of CD22 exon 2. Thus, aberrant splicing of CD22 is an important driver/biomarker of de novo and acquired resistance to CD22-directed immunotherapies. See related commentary by Bourcier and Abdel-Wahab, p. 87. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 85.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Zheng
- Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Elisabeth Gillespie
- Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ammar S. Naqvi
- Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Katharina E. Hayer
- Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Zhiwei Ang
- Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Manuel Torres-Diz
- Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mathieu Quesnel-Vallières
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David A. Hottman
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Asen Bagashev
- Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John Chukinas
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Carolin Schmidt
- Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mukta Asnani
- Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rawan Shraim
- Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Deanne M. Taylor
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Susan R. Rheingold
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Maureen M. O'Brien
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Nathan Singh
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kristen W. Lynch
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Marco Ruella
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yoseph Barash
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sarah K. Tasian
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrei Thomas-Tikhonenko
- Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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10
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Inotuzumab ozogamicin as single agent in pediatric patients with relapsed and refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results from a phase II trial. Leukemia 2022; 36:1516-1524. [PMID: 35468945 PMCID: PMC9162924 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01576-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Inotuzumab Ozogamicin is a CD22-directed antibody conjugated to calicheamicin, approved in adults with relapsed or refractory (R/R) B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL). Patients aged 1-18 years, with R/R CD22 + BCP-ALL were treated at the RP2D of 1.8 mg/m2. Using a single-stage design, with an overall response rate (ORR) ≤ 30% defined as not promissing and ORR > 55% as expected, 25 patients needed to be recruited to achieve 80% power at 0.05 significance level. Thirty-two patients were enrolled, 28 were treated, 27 were evaluable for response. The estimated ORR was 81.5% (95%CI: 61.9-93.7%), and 81.8% (18/22) of the responding subjects were minimal residual disease (MRD) negative. The study met its primary endpoint. Median follow up of survivors was 16 months (IQR: 14.49-20.07). One year Event Free Survival was 36.7% (95% CI: 22.2-60.4%), and Overall Survival was 55.1% (95% CI: 39.1-77.7%). Eighteen patients received consolidation (with HSCT and/or CAR T-cells therapy). Sinusoidal obstructive syndrome (SOS) occurred in seven patients. MRD negativity seemed correlated to calicheamicin sensitivity in vitro, but not to CD22 surface expression, saturation, or internalization. InO was effective in this population. The most relevant risk was the occurrence of SOS, particularly when InO treatment was followed by HSCT.
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Gutierrez-Camino A, Richer C, St-Onge P, Lopez-Lopez E, Bañeres AC, de Andoin NG, Sastre A, Astigarraga I, Martin-Guerrero I, Sinnett D, Garcia-Orad A. Role of rs10406069 in miR-5196 in hyperdiploid childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Epigenomics 2020; 12:1949-1955. [PMID: 33245684 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To determine the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in noncoding RNAs in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) subtypes. Materials & methods: We screened all SNPs in 130 pre-miRNA genes to assess their role in the susceptibility of the most common subtypes of ALL: hyperdiploid and ETV6-RUNX1. Results: In two independent cohorts, we found a significant association between rs10406069 in miR-5196 and the risk of developing hyperdiploid ALL. This observation could be explained by the impact of the SNP on miR-5196 expression and in turn, in its target genes. Indeed, rs10406069 was associated with expression changes in SMC1A, a gene involved in sister chromatin cohesion. Conclusion: rs10406069 in miR-5196 may have a relevant role in hyperdiploid ALL risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Gutierrez-Camino
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology & Animal Physiology, Faculty of Medicine & Nursing, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain.,Pediatric Oncology Group, BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Chantal Richer
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Pascal St-Onge
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Elixabet Lopez-Lopez
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology & Animal Physiology, Faculty of Medicine & Nursing, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain.,Pediatric Oncology Group, BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Ana Carbone Bañeres
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Nagore Garcia de Andoin
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain.,Unit of Pediatric Oncohematology, BioDonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Ana Sastre
- Department of Oncohematology, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Itziar Astigarraga
- Pediatric Oncology Group, BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain.,Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Cruces, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Idoia Martin-Guerrero
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology & Animal Physiology, Faculty of Medicine & Nursing, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain.,Pediatric Oncology Group, BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Daniel Sinnett
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Africa Garcia-Orad
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology & Animal Physiology, Faculty of Medicine & Nursing, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain.,Pediatric Oncology Group, BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
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Li F, Ding J. Sialylation is involved in cell fate decision during development, reprogramming and cancer progression. Protein Cell 2019; 10:550-565. [PMID: 30478534 PMCID: PMC6626595 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-018-0597-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialylation, or the covalent addition of sialic acid to the terminal end of glycoproteins, is a biologically important modification that is involved in embryonic development, neurodevelopment, reprogramming, oncogenesis and immune responses. In this review, we have given a comprehensive overview of the current literature on the involvement of sialylation in cell fate decision during development, reprogramming and cancer progression. Sialylation is essential for early embryonic development and the deletion of UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase, a rate-limiting enzyme in sialic acid biosynthesis, is embryonically lethal. Furthermore, the sialyltransferase ST6GAL1 is required for somatic cell reprogramming, and its downregulation is associated with decreased reprogramming efficiency. In addition, sialylation levels and patterns are altered during cancer progression, indicating the potential of sialylated molecules as cancer biomarkers. Taken together, the current evidences demonstrate that sialylation is involved in crucial cell fate decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenjie Li
- Program in Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Cell Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjun Ding
- Program in Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Cell Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Down-regulation of siglec-2 (CD22) predicts worse overall survival from HBV-related early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma: a preliminary analysis from Gene Expression Omnibus. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20181423. [PMID: 30355653 PMCID: PMC6259014 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialic-acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (siglec) regulates cell death, anti-proliferative effects and mediates a variety of cellular activities. Little was known about the relationship between siglecs and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prognosis. Siglec gene expression between tumor and non-tumor tissues were compared and correlated with overall survival (OS) from HCC patients in GSE14520 microarray expression profile. Siglec-1 to siglec-9 were all down-regulated in tumor tissues compared with those in non-tumor tissues in HCC patients (all P < 0.05). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that siglec-2 overexpression could predict better OS (HR = 0.883, 95%CI = 0.806-0.966, P = 0.007). Patients with higher siglec-2 levels achieved longer OS months than those with lower siglec-2 levels in the Kaplan-Meier event analysis both in training and validation sets (P < 0.05). Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels in siglec-2 low expression group were significantly higher than those in siglec-2 high expression group using Chi-square analysis (P = 0.043). In addition, both logistic regression analysis and ROC curve method showed that siglec-2 down-regulation in tumor tissues was significantly associated with AFP elevation over 300 ng/ml (P < 0.05). In conclusion, up-regulation of siglec-2 in tumor tissues could predict better OS in HCC patients. Mechanisms of siglec-2 in HCC development need further research.
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14
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Angata T. Possible Influences of Endogenous and Exogenous Ligands on the Evolution of Human Siglecs. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2885. [PMID: 30564250 PMCID: PMC6288428 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids, a group of acidic sugars abundantly expressed in the tissues of deuterostome animals but rarely found in microbes, serve as a "signature of self" for these animals. Cognate sensors for sialic acids include Siglecs, a family of transmembrane lectins of vertebrate immune systems that recognize glycans containing sialic acids. A type of sialic acid called N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) is abundant in many mammalian lineages including great apes, the closest extant relatives of modern human, but was lost in the lineage leading to modern human via the pseudogenization of the CMAH gene encoding the enzyme that converts N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) to Neu5Gc. Loss of Neu5Gc appears to have influenced the evolution of human Siglecs, such as the adjustment of sialic acid binding preferences and the inactivation of at least one Siglec. In addition, various mechanistic studies using model systems and genetic association studies have revealed that some human Siglecs interact with pathogens and influence the outcome of infections, and these pathogens in turn likely influence the evolution of these Siglecs. By understanding the evolutionary forces affecting Siglecs, we shall achieve a better appreciation of Siglec functions, and by understanding Siglec functions, we can obtain deeper insight into the evolutionary processes driving Siglec evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Angata
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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15
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Uckun FM, Qazi S. Identification and targeting of CD22ΔE12 as a molecular RNAi target to overcome drug resistance in high-risk B-lineage leukemias and lymphomas. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2018; 1:30-47. [PMID: 31788667 PMCID: PMC6883925 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2017.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIM CD22ΔE12 as an oncogenic driver lesion in aggressive and drug-resistant B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BPL) cells. The purpose of the present study was to identify the CD22ΔE12-specific signature transcriptome in human BPL cells and evaluate the clinical potential of a nanoscale formulation of CD22ΔE12-siRNA as an RNAi therapeutic against drug-resistant BPL. CD22ΔE12-siRNA nanoparticles significantly improved the event-free survival (EFS) outcome of NOD/SCID (NS) mice challenged with human BPL xenograft cells. METHODS Gene expression and translational bioinformatics methods were applied to examine the expression of the CD22ΔE12-specific signature transcriptome in human BPL cells in subsets of BPL patients. Survival analysis for mice challenged with BPL cells and treated with CD22ΔE12 siRNA was performed using standard methods. RESULTS Leukemia cells from CD22ΔE12-Tg mice exhibit gene and protein expression profiles consistent with constitutive activation of multiple signaling networks, mimicking the profiles of relapsed BPL patients as well as newly diagnosed high-risk patients with BCR-ABL+/Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)+ BPL as well as Ph-like BPL. A nanoscale formulation of CD22ΔE12-siRNA abrogated the in vivo clonogenicity of the leukemia-initiating leukemic cell fraction in xenograft specimens derived from patients with relapsed BPL and significantly improved the EFS outcome of NS mice challenged with drug-resistant human BPL xenograft cells. CONCLUSION The CD22-RNAi technology is applicable to all BPL patients both high risk and standard risk. That is because CD22ΔE12 is a characteristic feature of drug-resistant leukemic clones that escape chemotherapy and cause relapse in both high risk and low risk subgroups of patients. The technology therefore has the potential (1) for prevention of relapses by selectively killing the clones that are most likely to escape chemotherapy and cause relapse as well (2) for treatment of relapses in BPL. This research project may also lead to innovative salvage regimens against other forms of CD22ΔE12-positive relapsed B-lineage leukemias and lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih M. Uckun
- AresMIT Biomedical Computational Strategies (ABCS), Minneapolis, MN 55402, USA
- Ares Pharmaceuticals, LLC, St. Paul, MN 55110, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine (USC KSOM), Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine (USC KSOM), Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Sanjive Qazi
- AresMIT Biomedical Computational Strategies (ABCS), Minneapolis, MN 55402, USA
- Ares Pharmaceuticals, LLC, St. Paul, MN 55110, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine (USC KSOM), Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine (USC KSOM), Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
- Bioinformatics Program, Gustavus Adolphus College, St. Peter, MN 56082, USA
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16
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Taher TE, Bystrom J, Ong VH, Isenberg DA, Renaudineau Y, Abraham DJ, Mageed RA. Intracellular B Lymphocyte Signalling and the Regulation of Humoral Immunity and Autoimmunity. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2017; 53:237-264. [PMID: 28456914 PMCID: PMC5597704 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-017-8609-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
B lymphocytes are critical for effective immunity; they produce antibodies and cytokines, present antigens to T lymphocytes and regulate immune responses. However, because of the inherent randomness in the process of generating their vast repertoire of antigen-specific receptors, B cells can also cause diseases through recognizing and reacting to self. Therefore, B lymphocyte selection and responses require tight regulation at multiple levels and at all stages of their development and activation to avoid diseases. Indeed, newly generated B lymphocytes undergo rigorous tolerance mechanisms in the bone marrow and, subsequently, in the periphery after their migration. Furthermore, activation of mature B cells is regulated through controlled expression of co-stimulatory receptors and intracellular signalling thresholds. All these regulatory events determine whether and how B lymphocytes respond to antigens, by undergoing apoptosis or proliferation. However, defects that alter regulated co-stimulatory receptor expression or intracellular signalling thresholds can lead to diseases. For example, autoimmune diseases can result from altered regulation of B cell responses leading to the emergence of high-affinity autoreactive B cells, autoantibody production and tissue damage. The exact cause(s) of defective B cell responses in autoimmune diseases remains unknown. However, there is evidence that defects or mutations in genes that encode individual intracellular signalling proteins lead to autoimmune diseases, thus confirming that defects in intracellular pathways mediate autoimmune diseases. This review provides a synopsis of current knowledge of signalling proteins and pathways that regulate B lymphocyte responses and how defects in these could promote autoimmune diseases. Most of the evidence comes from studies of mouse models of disease and from genetically engineered mice. Some, however, also come from studying B lymphocytes from patients and from genome-wide association studies. Defining proteins and signalling pathways that underpin atypical B cell response in diseases will help in understanding disease mechanisms and provide new therapeutic avenues for precision therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taher E Taher
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Jonas Bystrom
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Voon H Ong
- Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Yves Renaudineau
- Immunology Laboratory, University of Brest Medical School, Brest, France
| | - David J Abraham
- Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rizgar A Mageed
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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17
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Aslar Oner D, Akin DF, Sipahi K, Mumcuoglu M, Ezer U, Kürekci AE, Akar N. Screening of Variations in CD22 Gene in Children with B-Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2016; 20:552-5. [PMID: 27486888 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2016.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD22 is expressed on the surface of B-cell lineage cells from the early progenitor stage of pro-B cell until terminal differentiation to mature B cells. It plays a role in signal transduction and as a regulator of B-cell receptor signaling in B-cell development. OBJECTIVES We aimed to screen exons 9-14 of the CD22 gene, which is a mutational hot spot region in B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (pre-B ALL) patients, to find possible genetic variants that could play role in the pathogenesis of pre-B ALL in Turkish children. METHODS This study included 109 Turkish children with pre-B ALL who were diagnosed at Losante Hospital for Children with Leukemia. Genomic DNA was extracted from both peripheral blood and bone marrow leukocytes. Gene amplification was performed with PCR, and all samples were screened for the variants by single strand conformation polymorphism. Samples showing band shifts were sequenced on an automated sequencer. RESULTS In our patient group a total of 9 variants were identified in the CD22 gene by sequencing: a novel variant in intron 10 (T2199G); a missense variant in exon 12; 5 intronic variants between exon 12 and intron 13; a novel intronic variant (C2424T); and a synonymous in exon 13. Thirteen of 109 children (11.9%) carried the T2199G novel intronic variant located in intron 10, and 17 of 109 children (15.6%) carried the C2424T novel intronic variant. CONCLUSION Novel variants in the CD22 gene in children with pre-B ALL in Turkey that are not present, in the Human Gene Mutation Database or NCBI SNP database, were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Aslar Oner
- 1 Cancer Genetic Research Laboratory, Lösante Hospital , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dilara Fatma Akin
- 1 Cancer Genetic Research Laboratory, Lösante Hospital , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kadir Sipahi
- 1 Cancer Genetic Research Laboratory, Lösante Hospital , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mine Mumcuoglu
- 1 Cancer Genetic Research Laboratory, Lösante Hospital , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ustun Ezer
- 2 Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Lösante Hospital , Ankara, Turkey
| | - A Emin Kürekci
- 2 Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Lösante Hospital , Ankara, Turkey
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Uckun FM, Qazi S, Cheng J. Targeting leukemic stem cells with multifunctional bioactive polypeptide nanoparticles. Future Oncol 2016; 11:1149-52. [PMID: 25832872 DOI: 10.2217/fon.15.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fatih M Uckun
- Children's Center for Cancer & Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA), Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
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19
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Choi J, Polcher A, Joas A. Systematic literature review on Parkinson's disease and Childhood Leukaemia and mode of actions for pesticides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.2903/sp.efsa.2016.en-955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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20
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Uckun FM, Qazi S, Ma H, Reaman GH, Mitchell LG. CD22ΔE12 as a molecular target for corrective repair using RNA trans-splicing: anti-leukemic activity of a rationally designed RNA trans-splicing molecule. Integr Biol (Camb) 2015; 7:237-49. [PMID: 25567759 DOI: 10.1039/c4ib00221k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Our recent studies have demonstrated that the CD22 exon 12 deletion (CD22ΔE12) is a characteristic genetic defect of therapy-refractory clones in pediatric B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BPL) and implicated the CD22ΔE12 genetic defect in the aggressive biology of relapsed or therapy-refractory pediatric BPL. The purpose of the present study was to further evaluate the biologic significance of the CD22ΔE12 molecular lesion and determine if it could serve as a molecular target for corrective repair using RNA trans-splicing therapy. We show that both pediatric and adult B-lineage lymphoid malignancies are characterized by a very high incidence of the CD22ΔE12 genetic defect. We provide experimental evidence that the correction of the CD22ΔE12 genetic defect in human CD22ΔE12(+) BPL cells using a rationally designed CD22 RNA trans-splicing molecule (RTM) caused a pronounced reduction of their clonogenicity. The RTM-mediated correction replaced the downstream mutation-rich segment of Intron 12 and remaining segments of the mutant CD22 pre-mRNA with wildtype CD22 exons 10-14, thereby preventing the generation of the cis-spliced aberrant CD22ΔE12 product. The anti-leukemic activity of this RTM against BPL xenograft clones derived from CD22ΔE12(+) leukemia patients provides the preclinical proof-of-concept that correcting the CD22ΔE12 defect with rationally designed CD22 RTMs may provide the foundation for therapeutic innovations that are needed for successful treatment of high-risk and relapsed BPL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih M Uckun
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA), Mailstop 160, 4650 Sunset Boulevard, Smith Research Tower Suite 300-316, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.
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21
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Can we be SMaRT-er in our approach to cancer therapy? EBioMedicine 2015; 2:621-2. [PMID: 26288827 PMCID: PMC4534698 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Uckun FM, Mitchell LG, Qazi S, Liu Y, Zheng N, Myers DE, Song Z, Ma H, Cheng J. Development of Polypeptide-based Nanoparticles for Non-viral Delivery of CD22 RNA Trans-splicing Molecule as a New Precision Medicine Candidate Against B-lineage ALL. EBioMedicine 2015; 2:649-59. [PMID: 26288837 PMCID: PMC4534679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
CD22ΔE12 has emerged as a driver lesion in the pathogenesis of pediatric B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and a new molecular target for RNA therapeutics. Here we report a 43-gene CD22ΔE12 signature transcriptome that shows a striking representation in primary human leukemia cells from patients with relapsed BPL. Our data uniquely indicate that CD22ΔE12 is a candidate driver lesion responsible for the activation of MAPK and PI3-K pathways in aggressive forms of B-lineage ALL. We also show that the forced expression of a CD22 RNA trans-splicing molecule (RTM) markedly reduces the capacity of the leukemic stem cell fraction of CD22ΔE12+ B-lineage ALL cells to engraft and cause overt leukemia in NOD/SCID mice. We have successfully complexed our rationally designed lead CD22-RTM with PVBLG-8 to prepare a non-viral nanoscale formulation of CD22ΔE12-RTM with potent anti-cancer activity against CD22ΔE12+ B-lineage leukemia and lymphoma cells. CD22-RTM nanoparticles effectively delivered the CD22-RTM cargo into B-lineage ALL cells and exhibited significant anti-leukemic activity in vitro. The CD22ΔE12-driven transcriptome shows striking representation in relapsed B-lineage ALL CD22 RNA trans-splicing molecule (RTM) reduces the in vivo clonogenicity of leukemic stem cells Nanoformulations of CD22-RTM show therapeutic potential against B-lineage ALL and lymphomas
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih M Uckun
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA), Los Angeles, CA 90027, United States ; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine (USC KSOM), Los Angeles, CA 90027, United States ; Translational and Clinical Sciences Program, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine (USC KSOM), Los Angeles, CA 90027, United States
| | | | - Sanjive Qazi
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA), Los Angeles, CA 90027, United States ; Bioinformatics Program, Gustavus Adolphus College, 800 W College Avenue, St. Peter, MN 56082, United States
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) Bioengineering Department, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Nan Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) Bioengineering Department, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Dorothea E Myers
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA), Los Angeles, CA 90027, United States
| | - Ziyuan Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) Bioengineering Department, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Hong Ma
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA), Los Angeles, CA 90027, United States
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) Bioengineering Department, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
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Uckun FM, Myers DE, Ma H, Rose R, Qazi S. Low Dose Total Body Irradiation Combined With Recombinant CD19-Ligand × Soluble TRAIL Fusion Protein is Highly Effective Against Radiation-Resistant B-Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Mice. EBioMedicine 2015; 2:306-316. [PMID: 26097891 PMCID: PMC4469281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In high-risk remission B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BPL) patients, relapse rates have remained high post-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) even after the use of very intensive total body irradiation (TBI)-based conditioning regimens, especially in patients with a high “minimal residual disease” (MRD) burden. New agents capable of killing radiation-resistant BPL cells and selectively augmenting their radiation sensitivity are therefore urgently needed. We report preclinical proof-of-principle that the potency of radiation therapy against BPL can be augmented by combining radiation with recombinant human CD19-Ligand × soluble TRAIL (“CD19L–sTRAIL”) fusion protein. CD19L–sTRAIL consistently killed radiation-resistant primary leukemia cells from BPL patients as well as BPL xenograft cells and their leukemia-initiating in vivo clonogenic fraction. Low dose total body irradiation (TBI) combined with CD19L–sTRAIL was highly effective against (1) xenografted CD19+ radiochemotherapy-resistant human BPL in NOD/SCID (NS) mice challenged with an otherwise invariably fatal dose of xenograft cells derived from relapsed BPL patients as well as (2) radiation-resistant advanced stage CD19+ murine BPL with lymphomatous features in CD22ΔE12xBCR-ABL double transgenic mice. We hypothesize that the incorporation of CD19L–sTRAIL into the pre-transplant TBI regimens of patients with very high-risk BPL will improve their survival outcome after HSCT. CD19L–sTRAIL plus low dose radiation kills leukemia-initiating cells. CD19L–sTRAIL plus low dose TBI is very well tolerated in mice. CD19L–sTRAIL plus low dose TBI is very effective in mouse models of BPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih M Uckun
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA), Los Angeles, CA 90027 ; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine (USC KSOM), Los Angeles, CA 90027 ; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine (USC KSOM), Los Angeles, CA 90027
| | - Dorothea E Myers
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA), Los Angeles, CA 90027
| | - Hong Ma
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA), Los Angeles, CA 90027
| | - Rebecca Rose
- Rose Pathology Services, LLC, St. Paul, MN 55104
| | - Sanjive Qazi
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA), Los Angeles, CA 90027 ; Bioinformatics Program, Gustavus Adolphus College, 800 W College Avenue, St. Peter, MN 56082, USA
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Uckun FM, Ma H, Cheng J, Myers DE, Qazi S. CD22ΔE12 as a molecular target for RNAi therapy. Br J Haematol 2015; 169:401-14. [PMID: 25659406 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (BPL) is the most common form of cancer in children and adolescents. Our recent studies have demonstrated that CD22ΔE12 is a characteristic genetic defect of therapy-refractory clones in paediatric BPL and implicated the CD22ΔE12 genetic defect in the aggressive biology of relapsed or therapy-refractory paediatric BPL. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the biological significance of the CD22ΔE12 molecular lesion in BPL and determine if it could serve as a molecular target for RNA interference (RNAi) therapy. Here we report a previously unrecognized causal link between CD22ΔE12 and aggressive biology of human BPL cells by demonstrating that siRNA-mediated knockdown of CD22ΔE12 in primary leukaemic B-cell precursors is associated with a marked inhibition of their clonogenicity. Additionally, we report a nanoscale liposomal formulation of CD22ΔE12-specific siRNA with potent in vitro and in vivo anti-leukaemic activity against primary human BPL cells as a first-in-class RNAi therapeutic candidate targeting CD22ΔE12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih M Uckun
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine (USC KSOM), Los Angeles, CA, USA; Translational and Clinical Sciences Program, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine (USC KSOM), Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Uckun FM, Myers DE, Qazi S, Ozer Z, Rose R, D'Cruz OJ, Ma H. Recombinant human CD19L-sTRAIL effectively targets B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:1006-18. [PMID: 25621496 DOI: 10.1172/jci76610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BPL) respond well to chemotherapy at initial diagnosis; however, therapeutic options are limited for individuals with BPL who relapse. Almost all BPL cells express CD19, and we recently cloned the gene encoding a natural ligand of the human CD19 receptor (CD19L). We hypothesized that fusion of CD19L to the soluble extracellular domain of proapoptotic TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (sTRAIL) would markedly enhance the potency of sTRAIL and specifically induce BPL cell apoptosis due to membrane anchoring of sTRAIL and simultaneous activation of the CD19 and TRAIL receptor (TRAIL-R) apoptosis signaling pathways. Here, we demonstrate that recombinant human CD19L-sTRAIL was substantially more potent than sTRAIL and induced apoptosis in primary leukemia cells taken directly from BPL patients. CD19L-sTRAIL effectively targeted and eliminated in vivo clonogenic BPL xenograft cells, even at femtomolar-picomolar concentrations. In mice, CD19L-sTRAIL exhibited a more favorable pharmacokinetic (PK) profile than sTRAIL and was nontoxic at doses ranging from 32 fmol/kg to 3.2 pmol/kg. CD19L-sTRAIL showed potent in vivo antileukemic activity in NOD/SCID mouse xenograft models of relapsed and chemotherapy-resistant BPL at nontoxic fmol/kg dose levels. Together, these results suggest that recombinant human CD19L-sTRAIL has clinical potential as a biotherapeutic agent against BPL.
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Uckun FM, Qazi S, Ma H, Yin L, Cheng J. A rationally designed nanoparticle for RNA interference therapy in B-lineage lymphoid malignancies. EBioMedicine 2014; 1:141-155. [PMID: 25599086 PMCID: PMC4292938 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to further evaluate the biologic significance of the CD22ΔE12 molecular lesion and determine if it could serve as a molecular target for RNA interference (RNAi) therapy. We show that both pediatric and adult B-lineage lymphoid malignancies are characterized by a very high incidence of the CD22ΔE12 genetic defect. We provide unprecedented experimental evidence for a previously unrecognized causal link between CD22ΔE12 and aggressive biology of BPL cells by demonstrating that siRNA-mediated knockdown of CD22ΔE12 in primary BPL cells is associated with a marked inhibition of their clonogenicity. These findings provide the preclinical proof-of-concept that siRNA-mediated depletion of CD22ΔE12 may help develop effective treatments for high-risk and relapsed BPL patients who are in urgent need for therapeutic innovations. We also describe a unique polypeptide-based nanoparticle formulation of CD22ΔE12-siRNA as an RNAi therapeutic candidate targeting CD22ΔE12 that is capable of delivering its siRNA cargo into the cytoplasm of leukemia cells causing effective CD22ΔE12 depletion and marked inhibition of leukemic cell growth. Further development and optimization of this nanoparticle or other nanoformulation platforms for CD22ΔE12-siRNA may facilitate the development of an effective therapeutic RNAi strategy against paradigm shift in therapy of aggressive or chemotherapy-resistant B-lineage lymphoid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih M Uckun
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA), Los Angeles, CA 90027 ; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine (USC KSOM), Los Angeles, CA 90027 ; Translational Oncology Program, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine (USC KSOM), Los Angeles, CA 90027
| | - Sanjive Qazi
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA), Los Angeles, CA 90027 ; Bioinformatics Program, Gustavus Adolphus College, 800 W College Avenue, St. Peter, MN 56082
| | - Hong Ma
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA), Los Angeles, CA 90027
| | - Lichen Yin
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010; University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign (UIUC) Bioengineering Department, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010; University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign (UIUC) Bioengineering Department, Urbana, IL 61801
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Macauley MS, Crocker PR, Paulson JC. Siglec-mediated regulation of immune cell function in disease. Nat Rev Immunol 2014; 14:653-66. [PMID: 25234143 DOI: 10.1038/nri3737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 723] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
All mammalian cells display a diverse array of glycan structures that differ from those that are found on microbial pathogens. Siglecs are a family of sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like receptors that participate in the discrimination between self and non-self, and that regulate the function of cells in the innate and adaptive immune systems through the recognition of their glycan ligands. In this Review, we describe the recent advances in our understanding of the roles of Siglecs in the regulation of immune cell function in infectious diseases, inflammation, neurodegeneration, autoimmune diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Macauley
- Departments of Cell and Molecular Biology, Immunology and Microbial Science, and Physiological Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Paul R Crocker
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, Wellcome Trust Building, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - James C Paulson
- Departments of Cell and Molecular Biology, Immunology and Microbial Science, and Physiological Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Tomuleasa C, Braicu C, Irimie A, Craciun L, Berindan-Neagoe I. Nanopharmacology in translational hematology and oncology. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:3465-79. [PMID: 25092977 PMCID: PMC4113407 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s60488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles have displayed considerable promise for safely delivering therapeutic agents with miscellaneous therapeutic properties. Current progress in nanotechnology has put forward, in the last few years, several therapeutic strategies that could be integrated into clinical use by using constructs for molecular diagnosis, disease detection, cytostatic drug delivery, and nanoscale immunotherapy. In the hope of bringing the concept of nanopharmacology toward a viable and feasible clinical reality in a cancer center, the present report attempts to present the grounds for the use of cell-free nanoscale structures for molecular therapy in experimental hematology and oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciprian Tomuleasa
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania ; Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Cancer Center, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandra Irimie
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Materials, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lucian Craciun
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania ; Department of Immunology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania ; Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, the Oncological Institute "Prof Dr Ion Chiricuta", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Angata T. Associations of genetic polymorphisms of Siglecs with human diseases. Glycobiology 2014; 24:785-93. [PMID: 24841380 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwu043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic polymorphism studies in humans provide unique opportunities to understand human biology and the mechanisms of diseases. Correlations between polymorphisms in the genes encoding human Siglecs and various diseases have been reported. Leading examples, such as the CD33 polymorphism associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease, are well supported by genetic replication and mechanistic studies, while some others (such as SIGLEC8 polymorphism associated with bronchial asthma and SIGLEC14 polymorphism associated with exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) may benefit reinforcement by independent genetic replication or mechanistic studies. In a few cases, such as MAG polymorphism associated with psychological disorder and CD22 polymorphism associated with autoimmune disease, the phenotype associated with a genetic polymorphism of a Siglec gene and that of an enzyme gene involved in the biosynthesis of Siglec ligand show some overlap, providing indirect support for the observed genotype-phenotype association. Although studies using engineered mutant mice have provided invaluable insights into the biological functions and mechanisms of diseases, it is not always possible to develop appropriate mouse model to replicate human situations because of significant species-to-species differences, which can be a major obstacle in understanding the biology of some of human CD33/Siglec-3-related Siglecs. Further studies in genetic polymorphisms of human Siglecs, combined with appropriate functional studies, may reveal unexpected biological roles of human Siglecs, and identify possible targets for prevention and/or treatment of certain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Angata
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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Uckun FM, Pitt J, Qazi S. JAK3 pathway is constitutively active in B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 11:37-48. [DOI: 10.1586/era.10.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Upregulation of the microRNA cluster at the Dlk1-Dio3 locus in lung adenocarcinoma. Oncogene 2013; 34:94-103. [PMID: 24317514 PMCID: PMC4065842 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mice in which lung epithelial cells can be induced to express an oncogenic KrasG12D develop lung adenocarcinomas in a manner analogous to humans. A myriad of genetic changes accompany lung adenocarcinomas, many of which are poorly understood. To get a comprehensive understanding of both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional changes that accompany lung adenocarcinomas, we took an omics approach in profiling both the coding genes and the non-coding small RNAs in an induced mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma. RNAseq transcriptome analysis of KrasG12D tumors from F1 hybrid mice revealed features specific to tumor samples. This includes the repression of a network of GTPase related genes (Prkg1, Gnao1 and Rgs9) in tumor samples and an enrichment of Apobec1-mediated cytosine to uridine RNA editing. Furthermore, analysis of known SNPs revealed not only a change in expression of Cd22 but also that its expression became allele-specific in tumors. The most salient finding however, came from small RNA sequencing of the tumor samples, which revealed that a cluster of ~53 microRNAs and mRNAs at the Dlk1-Dio3 locus on mouse chromosome 12qF1 was dramatically and consistently increased in tumors. Activation of this locus occurred specifically in sorted tumor-originating cancer cells. Interestingly, the 12qF1 RNAs were repressed in cultured KrasG12D tumor cells but reactivated when transplanted in vivo. These microRNAs have been implicated in stem cell pleuripotency and proteins targeted by these microRNAs are involved in key pathways in cancer as well as embryogenesis. Taken together our results strongly imply that these microRNAs represent key targets in unraveling the mechanism of lung oncogenesis.
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Ma H, Qazi S, Ozer Z, Zhang J, Ishkhanian R, Uckun FM. Regulatory phosphorylation of Ikaros by Bruton's tyrosine kinase. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71302. [PMID: 23977012 PMCID: PMC3747153 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diminished Ikaros function has been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the most common form of childhood cancer. Therefore, a stringent regulation of Ikaros is of paramount importance for normal lymphocyte ontogeny. Here we provide genetic and biochemical evidence for a previously unknown function of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) as a partner and posttranslational regulator of Ikaros, a zinc finger-containing DNA-binding protein that plays a pivotal role in immune homeostasis. We demonstrate that BTK phosphorylates Ikaros at unique phosphorylation sites S214 and S215 in the close vicinity of its zinc finger 4 (ZF4) within the DNA binding domain, thereby augmenting its nuclear localization and sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Our results further demonstrate that BTK-induced activating phosphorylation is critical for the optimal transcription factor function of Ikaros.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ma
- Systems Immunobiology Laboratory, Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Sanjive Qazi
- Systems Immunobiology Laboratory, Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Gustavus Adolphus College, St. Peter, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Zahide Ozer
- Systems Immunobiology Laboratory, Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Molecular Oncology Program, Parker Hughes Institute, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Jian Zhang
- Medicinal Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiatong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rita Ishkhanian
- Systems Immunobiology Laboratory, Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Fatih M. Uckun
- Systems Immunobiology Laboratory, Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Qazi S, Ma H, Uckun FM. Absence of Genomic Ikaros/IKZF1 Deletions in Pediatric B-Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 3:72-82. [PMID: 24478816 DOI: 10.5376/ijmms.2013.03.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Here we report the results of gene expression analyses using multiple probesets aimed at determining the incidence of Ikaros/IKZF1 deletions in pediatric B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BPL). Primary leukemia cells from 122 Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)+ BPL patients and 237 Ph- BPL patients as well as normal hematopoietic cells from 74 normal non-leukemic bone marrow specimens were organized according to expression levels of IKZF1 transcripts utilizing two-way hierarchical clustering technique to identify specimens with low IKZF1 expression for the 10 probesets interrogating Exons 1 through 4 and Exon 8. Our analysis demonstrated no changes in expression that would be expected from homozygous or heterozygous deletions of IKZF1 in primary leukemic cells. Similar results were obtained in gene expression analysis of primary leukemic cells from 20 Ph+ positive and 155 Ph- BPL patients in a validation dataset. Taken together, our gene expression analyses in 534 pediatric BPL cases, including 142 cases with Ph+ BPL, contradict previous reports that were based on SNP array data and suggested that Ph+ pediatric BPL is characterized by a high frequency of homozygous or heterozygous IKZF1 deletions. Further, exon-specific genomic PCR analysis of primary leukemia cells from 21 high-risk pediatric BPL patients and 11 standard-risk pediatric BPL patients, and 8 patients with infant BPL did not show any evidence for homozygous IKZF1 locus deletions. Nor was there any evidence for homozygous or heterozygous intragenic IKZF1 deletions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjive Qazi
- Systems Immunobiology Laboratory, Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027 ; Department of Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Gustavus Adolphus College, 800 W College Avenue, St. Peter, MN 56082
| | - Hong Ma
- Systems Immunobiology Laboratory, Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027
| | - Fatih M Uckun
- Systems Immunobiology Laboratory, Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027 ; Department of Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Gustavus Adolphus College, 800 W College Avenue, St. Peter, MN 56082 ; Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
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Uckun FM, Qazi S, Dibirdik I, Myers DE. Rational design of an immunoconjugate for selective knock-down of leukemia-specific E2A-PBX1 fusion gene expression in human Pre-B leukemia. Integr Biol (Camb) 2013; 5:122-32. [PMID: 22990208 DOI: 10.1039/c2ib20114c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
The t(1;19)(q23;p13) is one of the most common chromosomal translocations in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and results in production of the transforming oncoprotein E2A-PBX1. Here we first report a novel, biomarker-guided biotherapy strategy for personalized treatment of t(1;19)(+) ALL. A supervised interrogation of the gene expression profiles of primary leukemic cells from a cohort of 207 children with high risk B-lineage ALL identified up-regulated CD19 gene expression as a biomarker for t(1;19)(+) ALL. A disulfide-linked immunoconjugate of a 5-amino-modified 24 mer phosphorothioate anti-sense E2A-PBX1 oligonucleotide (AON) with a mAb specific for a CD19 receptor (αCD19-AON) was prepared as a CD19-directed and leukemia-specific biotherapeutic agent against E2A-PBX1(+) B-lineage ALL. Treatment of E2A-PBX1(+) leukemia cells with low nanomolar concentrations of αCD19-AON resulted in selective depletion of E2A-PBX1 transcripts and caused apoptotic destruction and abrogation of clonogenic growth. Subcutaneously administered αCD19-AON at a total dose level of 93 nmol kg(-1) delivered over 14 days using a micro-osmotic pump more than doubled the leukemia-free survival time of SCID mice in a xenograft model of E2A-PBX1(+) human B-lineage ALL (82.0 ± 1.9 days vs. 37.0 ± 0.1 days, P < 0.0001). Both the AON moiety and the targeting CD19-specific mAb moiety were required for the in vitro as well as in vivo anti-leukemic activity of αCD19-AON. The observed in vitro and in vivo anti-leukemic potency of the αCD19-AON immunoconjugate provides the first preclinical proof-of-principle that t(1;19)(+) high risk B-lineage ALL can be treated with leukemia-specific biotherapeutic agents that knock-down E2A-PBX1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih M Uckun
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
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Jellusova J, Nitschke L. Regulation of B cell functions by the sialic acid-binding receptors siglec-G and CD22. Front Immunol 2012; 2:96. [PMID: 22566885 PMCID: PMC3342095 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2011.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
B cell antigen receptor (BCR) engagement can lead to many different physiologic outcomes. To achieve an appropriate response, the BCR signal is interpreted in the context of other stimuli and several additional receptors on the B cell surface participate in the modulation of the signal. Two members of the Siglec (sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin) family, CD22 and Siglec-G have been shown to inhibit the BCR signal. Recent findings indicate that the ability of these two receptors to bind sialic acids might be important to induce tolerance to self-antigens. Sialylated glycans are usually absent on microbes but abundant in higher vertebrates and might therefore provide an important tolerogenic signal. Since the expression of the specific ligands for Siglec-G and CD22 is tightly regulated and since Siglecs are not only able to bind their ligands in trans but also on the same cell surface this might provide additional mechanisms to control the BCR signal. Although both Siglec-G and CD22 are expressed on B cells and are able to inhibit BCR mediated signaling, they also show unique biological functions. While CD22 is the dominant regulator of calcium signaling on conventional B2 cells and also seems to play a role on marginal zone B cells, Siglec-G exerts its function mainly on B1 cells and influences their lifespan and antibody production. Both Siglec-G and CD22 have also recently been linked to toll-like receptor signaling and may provide a link in the regulation of the adaptive and innate immune response of B cells.
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Cely I, Yiv S, Yin Q, Shahidzadeh A, Tang L, Cheng J, Uckun FM. Targeting Mantle Cell Lymphoma with Anti-SYK Nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 1:1-9. [PMID: 23730399 DOI: 10.6000/1927-7229.2012.01.01.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The pentapeptide mimic 1,4-bis(9-O-dihydroquinidinyl)phthalazine / hydroquinidine 1,4-phathalazinediyl diether ("compound 61") (C-61) is the first reported inhibitor targeting the P-site of SYK. Here we report a nanotechnology platform to target C-61 to mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cells. Liposomal nanoparticles (NP) loaded with C-61 were prepared using the standard thin film evaporation method. The entrapment of C-61 was obtained using the pH gradient procedure with lactobionic acid (LBA) being used as a low pH buffer inside the NP. Formulation F6A was selected as a lead candidate for further biological testing. The average diameter, zeta potential and C-61 content of the F6A NP was 40 nm, 0.1 mV, and 12.6 mg/ml, respectively. F6A induces apoptosis in SYK+ but not SYK- leukemia/lymphoma cells. We also evaluated the cytotoxic activity of F6A in the context of an in vitro artificial bone marrow assay platform based on a 3D scaffold with inverted colloidal crystal geometry mimicking the structural topology of actual bone marrow matrix. The ability of C-61 to induce apoptosis in ALL-1 cells was not adversely affected by the scaffolds. F6A, but not the drug-free NP formulation F6B, caused apoptosis of MCL cell lines MAVER-1 and MINO within 24h. Further development of rationally designed SYK inhibitors and their nanoscale formulations may provide the foundation for therapeutic innovation against a broad spectrum of lymphoid malignancies, including MCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Cely
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Los Angeles, CA 90027 ; Department of Pediatrics and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90027
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Ma H, Qazi S, Ozer Z, Gaynon P, Reaman GH, Uckun FM. CD22 Exon 12 deletion is a characteristic genetic defect of therapy-refractory clones in paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2011; 156:89-98. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2011.08901.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Scrimieri F, Calhoun ES, Patel K, Gupta R, Huso DL, Hruban RH, Kern SE. FAM190A rearrangements provide a multitude of individualized tumor signatures and neo-antigens in cancer. Oncotarget 2011; 2:69-75. [PMID: 21378412 PMCID: PMC3167148 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We found FAM190A transcripts to have internal rearrangements in 40% (19/48) of unselected human cancers. Most of these tumors (84%) had in-frame structures, 94% of which involved deletion of exon 9. The FAM190A gene is located at 4q22.1 in a region of common fragility, FRA4F. Although normally stable in somatic cells, common fragile sites can be hotspots of rearrangement in cancer. The genomic deletion patterns observed at some sites, including FRA4F at 4q22.1, are proposed to be the result of selection for disrupted tumor-suppressor genes. Our evidence, however, indicated additional patterns for FAM190A. We found genomic deletions accounted for some FAM190A in-frame structures, and cases pre-selected for FAM190A genomic deletions had a yet higher prevalence of FAM190A rearrangements. Our evidence of widespread in-frame heterozygous and homozygous rearrangements affecting this gene in tumors of multiple types leads speculation on structural grounds that the mutant forms may retain, provide new, or possibly convey dominant-negative functions. Although a functionally uncharacterized gene, it is evolutionary conserved across vertebrates. In addition to its potential oncogenic role, the in-frame deletions predict the formation of cancer-specific FAM190A peptide sequences (neo-antigens) with potential diagnostic and therapeutic usefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Scrimieri
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore MD 21287, USA
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Uckun FM, Qazi S, Ozer Z, Garner AL, Pitt J, Ma H, Janda KD. Inducing apoptosis in chemotherapy-resistant B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cells by targeting HSPA5, a master regulator of the anti-apoptotic unfolded protein response signalling network. Br J Haematol 2011; 153:741-52. [PMID: 21517817 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2011.08671.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We present previously unknown evidence that the immunoglobulin heavy chain binding protein BIP/HSPA5, also known as glucose regulated protein (GRP)78, serving as a pivotal component of the pro-survival axis of the unfolded protein response (UPR) signalling network, is abundantly expressed in relapsed B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and contributes to chemotherapy resistance of leukaemic B-cell precursors. The resistance of B-lineage ALL cells to the standard anti-leukaemic drug vincristine was overcome by the HSPA5 inhibitor epigallocatechin gallate, which inhibits the anti-apoptotic function of HSPA5 by targeting its ATP-binding domain. Notably, chemotherapy-resistant B-lineage ALL cells underwent apoptosis within 48 h of exposure to a doxorubicin-conjugated cell-penetrating cyclic anti-HSPA5 peptide targeting surface-expressed HSPA5 molecules on leukaemia cells. The identification of the HSPA5 as a chemoresistance biomarker and molecular target for B-lineage ALL may lead to new anti-leukaemic treatment strategies that are much needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih M Uckun
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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