1
|
Liu L, Luo S, Ma L, Zhang Y, Wang T, Wang J, Liang X, Xue S. Analysis of Ion Transport Properties of Glycine max HKT Transporters and Identifying a Regulation of GmHKT1;1 by the Non-Functional GmHKT1;4. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 65:1399-1413. [PMID: 38978103 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcae073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
High-affinity potassium transporters (HKTs) play an important role in plants responding to salt stress, but the transport properties of the soybean HKT transporters at the molecular level are still unclear. Here, using Xenopus oocyte as a heterologous expression system and two-electrode voltage-clamp technique, we identified four HKT transporters, GmHKT1;1, GmHKT1;2, GmHKT1;3 and GmHKT1;4, all of which belong to type I subfamily, but have distinct ion transport properties. While GmHKT1;1, GmHKT1;2 and GmHKT1;3 function as Na+ transporters, GmHKT1;1 is less selective against K+ than the two other transporters. Astonishingly, GmHKT1;4, which lacks transmembrane segments and has no ion permeability, is significantly expressed, and its gene expression pattern is different from the other three GmHKTs under salt stress. Interestingly, GmHKT1;4 reduced the Na+/K+ currents mediated by GmHKT1;1. Further study showed that the transport ability of GmHKT1;1 regulated by GmHKT1;4 was related to the structural differences in the first intracellular domain and the fourth repeat domain. Overall, we have identified one unique GmHKT member, GmHKT1;4, which modulates the Na+ and K+ transport ability of GmHKT1;1 via direct interaction. Thus, we have revealed a new type of HKT interaction model for altering their ion transport properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
| | - Sheng Luo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
| | - Longfei Ma
- College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
| | - Jicheng Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
| | - Xiushuo Liang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
| | - Shaowu Xue
- College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Luo M, Chu J, Wang Y, Chang J, Zhou Y, Jiang X. A high-affinity potassium transporter (MeHKT1) from cassava (Manihot esculenta) negatively regulates the response of transgenic Arabidopsis to salt stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:372. [PMID: 38714917 PMCID: PMC11075273 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05084-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-affinity potassium transporters (HKTs) are crucial in facilitating potassium uptake by plants. Many types of HKTs confer salt tolerance to plants through regulating K+ and Na+ homeostasis under salinity stress. However, their specific functions in cassava (Manihot esculenta) remain unclear. RESULTS Herein, an HKT gene (MeHKT1) was cloned from cassava, and its expression is triggered by exposure to salt stress. The expression of a plasma membrane-bound protein functions as transporter to rescue a low potassium (K+) sensitivity of yeast mutant strain, but the complementation of MeHKT1 is inhibited by NaCl treatment. Under low K+ stress, transgenic Arabidopsis with MeHKT1 exhibits improved growth due to increasing shoot K+ content. In contrast, transgenic Arabidopsis accumulates more Na+ under salt stress than wild-type (WT) plants. Nevertheless, the differences in K+ content between transgenic and WT plants are not significant. Additionally, Arabidopsis expressing MeHKT1 displayed a stronger salt-sensitive phenotype. CONCLUSION These results suggest that under low K+ condition, MeHKT1 functions as a potassium transporter. In contrast, MeHKT1 mainly transports Na+ into cells under salt stress condition and negatively regulates the response of transgenic Arabidopsis to salt stress. Our results provide a reference for further research on the function of MeHKT1, and provide a basis for further application of MeHKT1 in cassava by molecular biological means.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Luo
- National Center for Technology Innovation of Saline-Alkali tolerant Rice, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Jing Chu
- National Center for Technology Innovation of Saline-Alkali tolerant Rice, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yu Wang
- National Center for Technology Innovation of Saline-Alkali tolerant Rice, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Jingyan Chang
- National Center for Technology Innovation of Saline-Alkali tolerant Rice, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- National Center for Technology Innovation of Saline-Alkali tolerant Rice, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dubey A, Baxter M, Hendargo KJ, Medrano-Soto A, Saier MH. The Pentameric Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Family: A New Member of the Voltage Gated Ion Channel Superfamily? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5005. [PMID: 38732224 PMCID: PMC11084639 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25095005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In this report we present seven lines of bioinformatic evidence supporting the conclusion that the Pentameric Ligand-gated Ion Channel (pLIC) Family is a member of the Voltage-gated Ion Channel (VIC) Superfamily. In our approach, we used the Transporter Classification Database (TCDB) as a reference and applied a series of bioinformatic methods to search for similarities between the pLIC family and members of the VIC superfamily. These include: (1) sequence similarity, (2) compatibility of topology and hydropathy profiles, (3) shared domains, (4) conserved motifs, (5) similarity of Hidden Markov Model profiles between families, (6) common 3D structural folds, and (7) clustering analysis of all families. Furthermore, sequence and structural comparisons as well as the identification of a 3-TMS repeat unit in the VIC superfamily suggests that the sixth transmembrane segment evolved into a re-entrant loop. This evidence suggests that the voltage-sensor domain and the channel domain have a common origin. The classification of the pLIC family within the VIC superfamily sheds light onto the topological origins of this family and its evolution, which will facilitate experimental verification and further research into this superfamily by the scientific community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Arturo Medrano-Soto
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA; (A.D.); (M.B.); (K.J.H.)
| | - Milton H. Saier
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA; (A.D.); (M.B.); (K.J.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang J, Luo Y, Ye F, Ding ZJ, Zheng SJ, Qiao S, Wang Y, Guo J, Yang W, Su N. Structures and ion transport mechanisms of plant high-affinity potassium transporters. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:409-422. [PMID: 38335958 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Plant high-affinity K+ transporters (HKTs) mediate Na+ and K+ uptake, maintain Na+/K+ homeostasis, and therefore play crucial roles in plant salt tolerance. In this study, we present cryoelectron microscopy structures of HKTs from two classes, class I HKT1;1 from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtHKT1;1) and class II HKT2;1 from Triticum aestivum (TaHKT2;1), in both Na+- and K+-bound states at 2.6- to 3.0-Å resolutions. Both AtHKT1;1 and TaHKT2;1 function as homodimers. Each HKT subunit consists of four tandem domain units (D1-D4) with a repeated K+-channel-like M-P-M topology. In each subunit, D1-D4 assemble into an ion conduction pore with a pseudo-four-fold symmetry. Although both TaHKT2;1 and AtHKT1;1 have only one putative Na+ ion bound in the selectivity filter with a similar coordination pattern, the two HKTs display different K+ binding modes in the filter. TaHKT2;1 has three K+ ions bound in the selectivity filter, but AtHKT1;1 has only two K+ ions bound in the filter, which has a narrowed external entrance due to the presence of a Ser residue in the first filter motif. These structures, along with computational, mutational, and electrophysiological analyses, enable us to pinpoint key residues that are critical for the ion selectivity of HKTs. The findings provide new insights into the ion selectivity and ion transport mechanisms of plant HKTs and improve our understanding about how HKTs mediate plant salt tolerance and enhance crop growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangqin Wang
- International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, China
| | - Yanping Luo
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Neurology of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Fan Ye
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Neurology of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Zhong Jie Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Shao Jian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Shuai Qiao
- International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jiangtao Guo
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Neurology of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Nanhu Brain-computer Interface Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311100, China.
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Neurology of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Nannan Su
- International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mallikarjuna MG, Tomar R, Lohithaswa HC, Sahu S, Mishra DC, Rao AR, Chinnusamy V. Genome-wide identification of potassium channels in maize showed evolutionary patterns and variable functional responses to abiotic stresses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108235. [PMID: 38039585 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K) channels are essential components of plant biology, mediating not only K ion (K+) homeostasis but also regulating several physiological processes and stress tolerance. In the current investigation, we identified 27 K+ channels in maize and deciphered the evolution and divergence pattern with four monocots and five dicot species. Chromosomal localization and expansion of K+ channel genes showed uneven distribution and were independent of genome size. The dispersed duplication is the major force in expanding K+ channels in the target genomes. The mean Ka/Ks ratio of <0.5 in paralogs and orthologs indicates horizontal and vertical expansions of K+ channel genes under strong purifying selection. The one-to-one K+ channel orthologs were prominent among the closely related species, with higher synteny between maize and the rest of the monocots. Comprehensive K+ channels promoter analysis revealed various cis-regulatory elements mediating stress tolerance with the predominance of MYB and STRE binding sites. The regulatory network showed AP2-EREBP TFs, miR164 and miR399 are prominent regulatory elements of K+ channels. The qRT-PCR analysis of K+ channels and regulatory miRNAs showed significant expressions in response to drought and waterlogging stresses. The present study expanded the knowledge on K+ channels in maize and will serve as a basis for an in-depth functional analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rakhi Tomar
- Division of Genetics, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | | | - Sarika Sahu
- Division of Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Dwijesh Chandra Mishra
- Division of Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Atmakuri Ramakrishna Rao
- Division of Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Viswanathan Chinnusamy
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu Y, Peng X, Ma A, Liu W, Liu B, Yun DJ, Xu ZY. Type-B response regulator OsRR22 forms a transcriptional activation complex with OsSLR1 to modulate OsHKT2;1 expression in rice. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:2922-2934. [PMID: 37924467 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2464-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity severely limits crop yields and quality. Plants have evolved several strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of salinity, including redistribution and compartmentalization of toxic ions using ion-specific transporters. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of these ion transporters have not been fully elucidated. Loss-of-function mutants of OsHKT2;1, which is involved in sodium uptake, exhibit strong salt stress-resistant phenotypes. In this study, OsHKT2;1 was identified as a transcriptional target of the type-B response regulator OsRR22. Loss-of-function osrr22 mutants showed resilience to salt stress, and OsRR22-overexpression plants were sensitive to salt stress. OsRR22 was found to activate the expression of OsHKT2;1 by directly binding to the promoter region of OsHKT2;1 via a consensus cis-element of type-B response regulators. Moreover, rice DELLA protein OsSLR1 directly interacted with OsRR22 and functioned as a transcriptional co-activator. This study has uncovered a novel transcriptional regulatory mechanism by which a type-B response regulator controls sodium transport under salinity stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Ao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Wenxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Bao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Dae-Jin Yun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Zheng-Yi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang M, Chen S, Huang Z, Gao S, Yu T, Du T, Zhang H, Li X, Liu CM, Chen S, Li H. Deep learning-enabled discovery and characterization of HKT genes in Spartina alterniflora. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:690-705. [PMID: 37494542 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Spartina alterniflora is a halophyte that can survive in high-salinity environments, and it is phylogenetically close to important cereal crops, such as maize and rice. It is of scientific interest to understand why S. alterniflora can live under such extremely stressful conditions. The molecular mechanism underlying its high-saline tolerance is still largely unknown. Here we investigated the possibility that high-affinity K+ transporters (HKTs), which function in salt tolerance and maintenance of ion homeostasis in plants, are responsible for salt tolerance in S. alterniflora. To overcome the imprecision and unstable of the gene screening method caused by the conventional sequence alignment, we used a deep learning method, DeepGOPlus, to automatically extract sequence and protein characteristics from our newly assemble S. alterniflora genome to identify SaHKTs. Results showed that a total of 16 HKT genes were identified. The number of S. alterniflora HKTs (SaHKTs) is larger than that in all other investigated plant species except wheat. Phylogenetically related SaHKT members had similar gene structures, conserved protein domains and cis-elements. Expression profiling showed that most SaHKT genes are expressed in specific tissues and are differentially expressed under salt stress. Yeast complementation expression analysis showed that type I members SaHKT1;2, SaHKT1;3 and SaHKT1;8 and type II members SaHKT2;1, SaHKT2;3 and SaHKT2;4 had low-affinity K+ uptake ability and that type II members showed stronger K+ affinity than rice and Arabidopsis HKTs, as well as most SaHKTs showed preference for Na+ transport. We believe the deep learning-based methods are powerful approaches to uncovering new functional genes, and the SaHKT genes identified are important resources for breeding new varieties of salt-tolerant crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maogeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
- Nanfan Research Institute, CAAS, Sanya, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular & Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Shoukun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
- Nanfan Research Institute, CAAS, Sanya, Hainan, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Zhangping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
- Nanfan Research Institute, CAAS, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Shang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
- Nanfan Research Institute, CAAS, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Tingxi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
- Nanfan Research Institute, CAAS, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Tingting Du
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
- Nanfan Research Institute, CAAS, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
- Nanfan Research Institute, CAAS, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shihua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular & Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Huihui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
- Nanfan Research Institute, CAAS, Sanya, Hainan, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gu S, Han S, Abid M, Bai D, Lin M, Sun L, Qi X, Zhong Y, Fang J. A High-K + Affinity Transporter (HKT) from Actinidia valvata Is Involved in Salt Tolerance in Kiwifruit. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15737. [PMID: 37958739 PMCID: PMC10647804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ion transport is crucial for salt tolerance in plants. Under salt stress, the high-affinity K+ transporter (HKT) family is mainly responsible for the long-distance transport of salt ions which help to reduce the deleterious effects of high concentrations of ions accumulated within plants. Kiwifruit is well known for its susceptibility to salt stress. Therefore, a current study was designed to decipher the molecular regulatory role of kiwifruit HKT members in the face of salt stress. The transcriptome data from Actinidia valvata revealed that salt stress significantly induced the expression of AvHKT1. A multiple sequence alignment analysis indicated that the AvHKT1 protein contains three conserved amino acid sites for the HKT family. According to subcellular localization analysis, the protein was primarily present in the cell membrane and nucleus. Additionally, we tested the AvHKT1 overexpression in 'Hongyang' kiwifruit, and the results showed that the transgenic lines exhibited less leaf damage and improved plant growth compared to the control plants. The transgenic lines displayed significantly higher SPAD and Fv/Fm values than the control plants. The MDA contents of transgenic lines were also lower than that of the control plants. Furthermore, the transgenic lines accumulated lower Na+ and K+ contents, proving this protein involvement in the transport of Na+ and K+ and classification as a type II HKT transporter. Further research showed that the peroxidase (POD) activity in the transgenic lines was significantly higher, indicating that the salt-induced overexpression of AvHKT1 also scavenged POD. The promoter of AvHKT1 contained phytohormone and abiotic stress-responsive cis-elements. In a nutshell, AvHKT1 improved kiwifruit tolerance to salinity by facilitating ion transport under salt stress conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yunpeng Zhong
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (S.G.); (S.H.); (M.A.); (D.B.); (M.L.); (L.S.); (X.Q.)
| | - Jinbao Fang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (S.G.); (S.H.); (M.A.); (D.B.); (M.L.); (L.S.); (X.Q.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tanudjaja E, Hoshi N, Yamamoto K, Ihara K, Furuta T, Tsujii M, Ishimaru Y, Uozumi N. Two Trk/Ktr/HKT-type potassium transporters, TrkG and TrkH, perform distinct functions in Escherichia coli K-12. J Biol Chem 2022; 299:102846. [PMID: 36586436 PMCID: PMC9898762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli K-12 possesses two versions of Trk/Ktr/HKT-type potassium ion (K+) transporters, TrkG and TrkH. The current paradigm is that TrkG and TrkH have largely identical characteristics, and little information is available regarding their functional differences. Here, we show using cation uptake experiments with K+ transporter knockout mutants that TrkG and TrkH have distinct ion transport activities and physiological roles. K+-transport by TrkG required Na+, whereas TrkH-mediated K+ uptake was not affected by Na+. An aspartic acid located five residues away from a critical glycine in the third pore-forming region might be involved in regulation of Na+-dependent activation of TrkG. In addition, we found that TrkG but not TrkH had Na+ uptake activity. Our analysis of K+ transport mutants revealed that TrkH supported cell growth more than TrkG; however, TrkG was able to complement loss of TrkH-mediated K+ uptake in E. coli. Furthermore, we determined that transcription of trkG in E. coli was downregulated but not completely silenced by the xenogeneic silencing factor H-NS (histone-like nucleoid structuring protein or heat-stable nucleoid-structuring protein). Taken together, the transport function of TrkG is clearly distinct from that of TrkH, and TrkG seems to have been accepted by E. coli during evolution as a K+ uptake system that coexists with TrkH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Tanudjaja
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naomi Hoshi
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Kunio Ihara
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tadaomi Furuta
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masaru Tsujii
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ishimaru
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Uozumi
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sato K, Saito S, Endo K, Kono M, Kakei T, Taketa H, Kato M, Hamamoto S, Grenzi M, Costa A, Munemasa S, Murata Y, Ishimaru Y, Uozumi N. Green Tea Catechins, (-)-Catechin Gallate, and (-)-Gallocatechin Gallate are Potent Inhibitors of ABA-Induced Stomatal Closure. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201403. [PMID: 35524639 PMCID: PMC9313475 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal movement is indispensable for plant growth and survival in response to environmental stimuli. Cytosolic Ca2+ elevation plays a crucial role in ABA-induced stomatal closure during drought stress; however, to what extent the Ca2+ movement across the plasma membrane from the apoplast to the cytosol contributes to this process still needs clarification. Here the authors identify (-)-catechin gallate (CG) and (-)-gallocatechin gallate (GCG), components of green tea, as inhibitors of voltage-dependent K+ channels which regulate K+ fluxes in Arabidopsis thaliana guard cells. In Arabidopsis guard cells CG/GCG prevent ABA-induced: i) membrane depolarization; ii) activation of Ca2+ permeable cation (ICa ) channels; and iii) cytosolic Ca2+ transients. In whole Arabidopsis plants co-treatment with CG/GCG and ABA suppressed ABA-induced stomatal closure and surface temperature increase. Similar to ABA, CG/GCG inhibited stomatal closure is elicited by the elicitor peptide, flg22 but has no impact on dark-induced stomatal closure or light- and fusicoccin-induced stomatal opening, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of CG/GCG is associated with Ca2+ -related signaling pathways. This study further supports the crucial role of ICa channels of the plasma membrane in ABA-induced stomatal closure. Moreover, CG and GCG represent a new tool for the study of abiotic or biotic stress-induced signal transduction pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanane Sato
- Department of Biomolecular EngineeringGraduate School of EngineeringTohoku UniversityAobayama 6‐6‐07Sendai980‐8579Japan
| | - Shunya Saito
- Department of Biomolecular EngineeringGraduate School of EngineeringTohoku UniversityAobayama 6‐6‐07Sendai980‐8579Japan
| | - Kohsuke Endo
- Department of Biomolecular EngineeringGraduate School of EngineeringTohoku UniversityAobayama 6‐6‐07Sendai980‐8579Japan
| | - Masaru Kono
- Department of BiologyGraduate School of ScienceUniversity of TokyoBunkyo‐ku113‐0033Japan
| | - Taishin Kakei
- Department of Biomolecular EngineeringGraduate School of EngineeringTohoku UniversityAobayama 6‐6‐07Sendai980‐8579Japan
| | - Haruka Taketa
- Department of Biomolecular EngineeringGraduate School of EngineeringTohoku UniversityAobayama 6‐6‐07Sendai980‐8579Japan
| | - Megumi Kato
- Department of Biomolecular EngineeringGraduate School of EngineeringTohoku UniversityAobayama 6‐6‐07Sendai980‐8579Japan
| | - Shin Hamamoto
- Department of Biomolecular EngineeringGraduate School of EngineeringTohoku UniversityAobayama 6‐6‐07Sendai980‐8579Japan
| | - Matteo Grenzi
- Department of BiosciencesUniversity of MilanVia G. Celoria 26Milan20133Italy
| | - Alex Costa
- Department of BiosciencesUniversity of MilanVia G. Celoria 26Milan20133Italy
- Institute of BiophysicsNational Research Council of Italy (CNR)Via G. Celoria 26Milan20133Italy
| | - Shintaro Munemasa
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life ScienceOkayama UniversityTsushimaOkayama700‐8530Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Murata
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life ScienceOkayama UniversityTsushimaOkayama700‐8530Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ishimaru
- Department of Biomolecular EngineeringGraduate School of EngineeringTohoku UniversityAobayama 6‐6‐07Sendai980‐8579Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Uozumi
- Department of Biomolecular EngineeringGraduate School of EngineeringTohoku UniversityAobayama 6‐6‐07Sendai980‐8579Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dave A, Agarwal P, Agarwal PK. Mechanism of high affinity potassium transporter (HKT) towards improved crop productivity in saline agricultural lands. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:51. [PMID: 35127306 PMCID: PMC8795266 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03092-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycophytic plants are susceptible to salinity and their growth is hampered in more than 40 mM of salt. Salinity not only affects crop yield but also limits available land for farming by decreasing its fertility. Presence of distinct traits in response to environmental conditions might result in evolutionary adaptations. A better understanding of salinity tolerance through a comprehensive study of how Na+ is transported will help in the development of plants with improved salinity tolerance and might lead to increased yield of crops growing in strenuous environment. Ion transporters play pivotal role in salt homeostasis and maintain low cytotoxic effect in the cell. High-affinity potassium transporters are the critical class of integral membrane proteins found in plants. It mainly functions to remove excess Na+ from the transpiration stream to prevent sodium toxicity in the salt-sensitive shoot and leaf tissues. However, there are large number of HKT proteins expressed in plants, and it is possible that these members perform in a wide range of functions. Understanding their mechanism and functions will aid in further manipulation and genetic transformation of different crops. This review focuses on current knowledge of ion selectivity and molecular mechanisms controlling HKT gene expression. The current review highlights the mechanism of different HKT transporters from different plant sources and how this knowledge could prove as a valuable tool to improve crop productivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Dave
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364 002 India ,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Parinita Agarwal
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364 002 India
| | - Pradeep K. Agarwal
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364 002 India ,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cao B, Xia Z, Hao Z, Liu C, Long D, Fan W, Zhao A. The C-terminal tail of the plant endosomal-type NHXs plays a key role in its function and stability. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 303:110791. [PMID: 33487365 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Typically, Na+/H+ antiporters (NHXs) possess a conserved N-terminus for cation binding and exchange and a hydrophilic C-terminus for regulating the antiporter activity. Plant endosomal-type NHXs play important roles in protein trafficking, as well as K+ and vesicle pH homeostasis, however the role of the C-terminal tail remains unclear. Here, the function of MnNHX6, an endosomal-type NHX in mulberry, was investigated using heterologous expression in yeast. Functional and localization analyses of C-terminal truncation and mutations in MnNHX6 revealed that the C-terminal conserved region was responsible for the function and stability of the protein and its hydrophobicity, which is a key domain requirement. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy provided direct structural evidence and yeast two-hybrid screening indicated that this functional domain was also necessary for interaction with sorting nexin 1. Our findings demonstrate that although the C-terminal tail of MnNHX6 is intrinsically disordered, the C-terminal conserved region may be an important part of the external mouth of this transporter, which controls protein function and stability by serving as an inter-molecular cork with a chain mechanism. These findings improve our understanding of the roles of the C-terminal tail of endosomal-type NHXs in plants and the ion transport mechanism of NHX-like antiporters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boning Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Zhongqiang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Zhanzhang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Changying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Dingpei Long
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Wei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Aichun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lu L, Chen X, Zhu L, Li M, Zhang J, Yang X, Wang P, Lu Y, Cheng T, Shi J, Yi Y, Chen J. NtCIPK9: A Calcineurin B-Like Protein-Interacting Protein Kinase From the Halophyte Nitraria tangutorum, Enhances Arabidopsis Salt Tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1112. [PMID: 32973820 PMCID: PMC7472804 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Calcineurin B-like protein-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) play essential roles in plant abiotic stress response. In order to better understand salt tolerance, we cloned and analyzed the NtCIPK9 gene from the halophyte Nitraria tangutorum. Phylogenetic analysis shows that NtCIPK9 belongs to a sister clade with the Arabidopsis AtCIPK9 gene and is thought to localize to the plasma membrane. NtCIPK9 shows the highest expression level in the Nitraria tangutorum root under normal growth conditions, whereas after NaCl treatment, the highest expression was found in the blade. NtCIPK9-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants have a higher seed germination rate, longer root length, and displayed higher salt tolerance than wild type seedlings under salt stress conditions. Furthermore, NtCIPK9 overexpression might enhance the expression of genes related to K+ transportation after NaCl treatment. Thus, we conclude that NtCIPK9 increases transgenic plant salt tolerance and reduces damage associated with salt stress by promoting the expression of genes controlling ion homeostasis. Our results suggest that NtCIPK9 could serve as an ideal candidate gene to genetically engineer salt-tolerant plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liming Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengjuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingbo Zhang
- Experimental Center of Desert Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Dengkou, China
| | - Xiuyan Yang
- Research Center of Saline and Alkali Land of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, China Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Pengkai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Lu
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tielong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jisen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yin Yi
- State Forestry Administration Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Developmental Regulation, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jinhui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Huang L, Kuang L, Wu L, Shen Q, Han Y, Jiang L, Wu D, Zhang G. The HKT Transporter HvHKT1;5 Negatively Regulates Salt Tolerance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 182:584-596. [PMID: 31690708 PMCID: PMC6945855 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining low intracellular Na+ concentrations is an essential physiological strategy in salt stress tolerance in most cereal crops. Here, we characterized a member of the high-affinity K+ transporter (HKT) family in barley (Hordeum vulgare), HvHKT1;5, which negatively regulates salt tolerance and has different functions from its homology in other cereal crops. HvHKT1;5 encodes a plasma membrane protein localized to root stele cells, particularly in xylem parenchyma cells adjacent to the xylem vessels. Its expression was highly induced by salt stress. Heterogenous expression of HvHKT1;5 in Xenopus laevis oocytes showed that HvHKT1;5 was permeable to Na+, but not to K+, although its Na+ transport activity was inhibited by external K+ HvHKT1;5 knockdown barley lines showed improved salt tolerance, a dramatic decrease in Na+ translocation from roots to shoots, and increases in K+/Na+ when compared with wild-type plants under salt stress. The negative regulation of HvHKT1;5 in salt tolerance distinguishes it from other HKT1;5 members, indicating that barley has a distinct Na+ transport system. These findings provide a deeper understanding of the functions of HKT family members and the regulation of HvHKT1;5 in improving salt tolerance of barley.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Huang
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Liuhui Kuang
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Liyuan Wu
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Qiufang Shen
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Yong Han
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Lixi Jiang
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Dezhi Wu
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hmidi D, Messedi D, Corratgï-Faillie C, Marhuenda TO, Fizames CC, Zorrig W, Abdelly C, Sentenac H, Vï Ry AAN. Investigation of Na+ and K+ Transport in Halophytes: Functional Analysis of the HmHKT2;1 Transporter from Hordeum maritimum and Expression under Saline Conditions. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:2423-2435. [PMID: 31292634 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Control of K+ and Na+ transport plays a central role in plant adaptation to salinity. In the halophyte Hordeum maritimum, we have characterized a transporter gene, named HmHKT2;1, whose homolog HvHKT2;1 in cultivated barley, Hordeum vulgare, was known to give rise to increased salt tolerance when overexpressed. The encoded protein is strictly identical in two H. maritimum ecotypes, from two biotopes (Tunisian sebkhas) affected by different levels of salinity. These two ecotypes were found to display distinctive responses to salt stress in terms of biomass production, Na+ contents, K+ contents and K+ absorption efficiency. Electrophysiological analysis of HmHKT2;1 in Xenopus oocytes revealed distinctive properties when compared with HvHKT2;1 and other transporters from the same group, especially a much higher affinity for both Na+ and K+, and an Na+-K+ symporter behavior in a very broad range of Na+ and K+ concentrations, due to reduced K+ blockage of the transport pathway. Domain swapping experiments identified the region including the fifth transmembrane segment and the adjacent extracellular loop as playing a major role in the determination of the affinity for Na+ and the level of K+ blockage in these HKT2;1 transporters. The analysis (quantitative reverse transcription-PCR; qRT-PCR) of HmHKT2;1 expression in the two ecotypes submitted to saline conditions revealed that the levels of HmHKT2;1 transcripts were maintained constant in the most salt-tolerant ecotype whereas they decreased in the less tolerant one. Both the unique functional properties of HmHKT2;1 and the regulation of the expression of the encoding gene could contribute to H. maritimum adaptation to salinity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorsaf Hmidi
- Biochimie et Physiologie Mol�culaire des Plantes, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro Montpellier, Campus SupAgro-INRA, Montpellier Cedex 2, France
- Laboratoire des Plantes Extr�mophiles, BP 901, Centre de Biotechnologie, Technopole de Borj C�dria, HammamLif, Tunisia
| | - Dorsaf Messedi
- Laboratoire des Plantes Extr�mophiles, BP 901, Centre de Biotechnologie, Technopole de Borj C�dria, HammamLif, Tunisia
| | - Claire Corratgï-Faillie
- Biochimie et Physiologie Mol�culaire des Plantes, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro Montpellier, Campus SupAgro-INRA, Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Thï O Marhuenda
- Biochimie et Physiologie Mol�culaire des Plantes, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro Montpellier, Campus SupAgro-INRA, Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Cï Cile Fizames
- Biochimie et Physiologie Mol�culaire des Plantes, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro Montpellier, Campus SupAgro-INRA, Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Walid Zorrig
- Laboratoire des Plantes Extr�mophiles, BP 901, Centre de Biotechnologie, Technopole de Borj C�dria, HammamLif, Tunisia
| | - Chedly Abdelly
- Laboratoire des Plantes Extr�mophiles, BP 901, Centre de Biotechnologie, Technopole de Borj C�dria, HammamLif, Tunisia
| | - Hervï Sentenac
- Biochimie et Physiologie Mol�culaire des Plantes, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro Montpellier, Campus SupAgro-INRA, Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Anne-Aliï Nor Vï Ry
- Biochimie et Physiologie Mol�culaire des Plantes, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro Montpellier, Campus SupAgro-INRA, Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang L, Liu Y, Li D, Feng S, Yang J, Zhang J, Zhang J, Wang D, Gan Y. Improving salt tolerance in potato through overexpression of AtHKT1 gene. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:357. [PMID: 31419943 PMCID: PMC6697938 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1963-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survival of plants in response to salinity stress is typically related to Na+ toxicity, but little is known about how heterologous high-affinity potassium transporter (HKT) may help alleviate salt-induced damages in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). RESULTS In this study, we used the Arabidopsis thaliana high-affinity potassium transporter gene (AtHKT1) to enhance the capacity of potato plants to tolerate salinity stress by decreasing Na+ content and improving K+/Na+ ratio in plant leaves, while maintaining osmotic balance. Seven AtHKT1 transformed potato lines (namely T1, T2, T3, T5, T11, T13 and T15) were compared with non-transgenic control plant at molecule and whole-plant levels. The lines T3 and T13 had the highest AtHKT1 expression with the tolerance index (an quantitative assessment) being 6.8 times that of the control. At 30 days under 100 and 150 mmol L- 1 NaCl stress treatments, the T3 and T13 lines had least reductions in net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate among the seven lines, leading to the increased water use efficiency and decreased yield loss. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the constitutive overexpression of AtHKT1 reduces Na+ accumulation in potato leaves and promotes the K+/Na+ homeostasis that minimizes osmotic imbalance, maintains photosynthesis and stomatal conductance, and increases plant productivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic and Germplasm Enhancement, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuhui Liu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic and Germplasm Enhancement, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Dan Li
- Longdong University, Qingyang, 745000 Gansu China
| | - Shoujiang Feng
- Institute of Soil, Fertilizer and Water-saving Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Jiangwei Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Junlian Zhang
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic and Germplasm Enhancement, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Di Wang
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic and Germplasm Enhancement, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Yantai Gan
- Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK S9H 3X2 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ali A, Maggio A, Bressan RA, Yun DJ. Role and Functional Differences of HKT1-Type Transporters in Plants under Salt Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1059. [PMID: 30823627 PMCID: PMC6429402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Abiotic stresses generally cause a series of morphological, biochemical and molecular changes that unfavorably affect plant growth and productivity. Among these stresses, soil salinity is a major threat that can seriously impair crop yield. To cope with the effects of high salinity on plants, it is important to understand the mechanisms that plants use to deal with it, including those activated in response to disturbed Na⁺ and K⁺ homeostasis at cellular and molecular levels. HKT1-type transporters are key determinants of Na⁺ and K⁺ homeostasis under salt stress and they contribute to reduce Na⁺-specific toxicity in plants. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the function of HKT1-type transporters and their importance in different plant species under salt stress. Comparison between HKT1 homologs in different plant species will shed light on different approaches plants may use to cope with salinity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akhtar Ali
- Department of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Albino Maggio
- Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, Via Universita 100, I-80055 Portici, Italy.
| | - Ray A Bressan
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2010, USA.
| | - Dae-Jin Yun
- Department of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Li N, Du C, Ma B, Gao Z, Wu Z, Zheng L, Niu Y, Wang Y. Functional Analysis of Ion Transport Properties and Salt Tolerance Mechanisms of RtHKT1 from the Recretohalophyte Reaumuria trigyna. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:85-106. [PMID: 30239906 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Reaumuria trigyna is an endangered recretohalophyte and a small archaic feral shrub that is endemic to arid and semi-arid plateau regions of Inner Mongolia, China. Based on transcriptomic data, we isolated a high-affinity potassium transporter gene (RtHKT1) from R. trigyna, which encoded a plasma membrane-localized protein. RtHKT1 was rapidly up-regulated by high Na+ or low K+ and exhibited different tissue-specific expression patterns before and after stress treatment. Transgenic yeast showed tolerance to high Na+ or low K+, while transgenic Arabidopsis exhibited tolerance to high Na+ and sensitivity to high K+, or high Na+-low K+, confirming that Na+ tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis depends on a sufficient external K+ concentration. Under external high Na+, high K+ and low K+ conditions, transgenic yeast accumulated more Na+-K+, Na+ and K+, while transgenic Arabidopsis accumulated less Na+-more K+, more Na+ and more Na+-K+, respectively, indicating that the ion transport properties of RtHKT1 depend on the external Na+-K+ environment. Salt stress induced up-regulation of some ion transporter genes (AtSOS1/AtHAK5/AtKUP5-6), as well as down-regulation of some genes (AtNHX1/AtAVP1/AtKUP9-12), revealing that multi-ion-transporter synergism maintains Na+/K+ homeostasis under salt stress in transgenic Arabidopsis. Overexpression of RtHKT1 enhanced K+ accumulation and prevented Na+ transport from roots to shoots, improved biomass accumulation and Chl content in salt-stressed transgenic Arabidopsis. The proline content and relative water content increased significantly, and some proline biosynthesis genes (AtP5CS1 and AtP5CS2) were also up-regulated in salt-stressed transgenic plants. These results suggest that RtHKT1 confers salt tolerance on transgenic Arabidopsis by maintaining Na+/K+ homeostasis and osmotic homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Li
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology (Inner Mongolia University), Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Hohhot, China
| | - Chao Du
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology (Inner Mongolia University), Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Hohhot, China
| | - Binjie Ma
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology (Inner Mongolia University), Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Hohhot, China
| | - Ziqi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology (Inner Mongolia University), Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhigang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology (Inner Mongolia University), Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Hohhot, China
| | - Linlin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology (Inner Mongolia University), Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Hohhot, China
| | - Yiding Niu
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology (Inner Mongolia University), Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Hohhot, China
| | - Yingchun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology (Inner Mongolia University), Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Hohhot, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Adams E, Miyazaki T, Saito S, Uozumi N, Shin R. Cesium Inhibits Plant Growth Primarily Through Reduction of Potassium Influx and Accumulation in Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:63-76. [PMID: 30219884 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Cesium (Cs+) is known to compete with the macronutrient potassium (K+) inside and outside of plants and to inhibit plant growth at high concentrations. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms of how Cs+ exerts its deleterious effects on K+ accumulation in plants are not fully elucidated. Here, we show that mutation in a member of the major K+ channel AKT1-KC1 complex renders Arabidopsis thaliana hypersensitive to Cs+. Higher severity of the phenotype and K+ loss were observed for these mutants in response to Cs+ than to K+ deficiency. Electrophysiological analysis demonstrated that Cs+, but not sodium, rubidium or ammonium, specifically inhibited K+ influx through the AKT1-KC1 complex. In contrast, Cs+ did not inhibit K+ efflux through the homomeric AKT1 channel that occurs in the absence of KC1, leading to a vast loss of K+. Our observation suggests that reduced K+ accumulation due to blockage/competition in AKT1 and other K+ transporters/channels by Cs+ plays a major role in plant growth retardation. This report describes the mechanical role of Cs+ in K+ accumulation, and in turn in plant performance, providing actual evidence at the plant level for what has long been believed, i.e. K+ channels are, therefore AKT1 is, 'blocked' by Cs+.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eri Adams
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takae Miyazaki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shunya Saito
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Uozumi
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryoung Shin
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fluctuating selection on migrant adaptive sodium transporter alleles in coastal Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E12443-E12452. [PMID: 30530653 PMCID: PMC6310793 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1816964115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stressors such as soil salinity and dehydration are major constraints on plant growth, causing worldwide crop losses. Compounding these insults, increasing climate volatility requires adaptation to fluctuating conditions. Salinity stress responses are relatively well understood in Arabidopsis thaliana, making this system suited for the rapid molecular dissection of evolutionary mechanisms. In a large-scale genomic analysis of Catalonian A. thaliana, we resequenced 77 individuals from multiple salinity gradients along the coast and integrated these data with 1,135 worldwide A. thaliana genomes for a detailed understanding of the demographic and evolutionary dynamics of naturally evolved salinity tolerance. This revealed that Catalonian varieties adapted to highly fluctuating soil salinity are not Iberian relicts but instead have immigrated to this region more recently. De novo genome assembly of three allelic variants of the high-affinity K+ transporter (HKT1;1) locus resolved structural variation between functionally distinct alleles undergoing fluctuating selection in response to seasonal changes in soil salinity. Plants harboring alleles responsible for low root expression of HKT1;1 and consequently high leaf sodium (HKT1;1 HLS ) were migrants that have moved specifically into areas where soil sodium levels fluctuate widely due to geography and rainfall variation. We demonstrate that the proportion of plants harboring HKT1;1 HLS alleles correlates with soil sodium level over time, HKT1;1 HLS -harboring plants are better adapted to intermediate levels of salinity, and the HKT1;1 HLS allele clusters with high-sodium accumulator accessions worldwide. Together, our evidence suggests that HKT1;1 is under fluctuating selection in response to climate volatility and is a worldwide determinant in adaptation to saline conditions.
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang L, Liu Y, Feng S, Wang Z, Zhang J, Zhang J, Wang D, Gan Y. AtHKT1 gene regulating K + state in whole plant improves salt tolerance in transgenic tobacco plants. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16585. [PMID: 30410009 PMCID: PMC6224463 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34660-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The status of K+ is important for plant health. However, little is known about if high-affinity potassium transporter HKTs may help K+ retention under salt stress. Here, we determined the effect of Arabidopsis thaliana transporter gene (AtHKT1) on the K+ status, Na+-induced toxicity, and salt tolerance in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Six AtHKT1 transformed tobacco lines (T1, T2, … T6) were contrasted with a non-transgenic plantlet at the whole-plant and molecule levels. AtHKT1 gene was expressed in the xylems of stem, root and leaf vein in the transgenic tobacco, with the line T3 having highest expression. At Day 15, in the 200 mmol L-1 NaCl stress treatment, the transgenic plants remained a healthy K+ status, while the control plants decreased K+ content by 70% and Na+ contents in leaves and stems were 1.7 times that in the transgenic line. The AtHKT1 expression enhanced the activities of SOD, CAT and POD, raised chlorophyll and soluble sugar contents and root activity, and decreased MDA and proline contents and electrolyte leakage destruction. The constitutive over-expression of AtHKT1 that helps maintain a healthy K+ status while reducing Na+ toxicity may serve as a possible mechanism in maximizing productivity of tobacco under salt stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic and Germplasm Enhancement, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Yuhui Liu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic and Germplasm Enhancement, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Shoujiang Feng
- Institute of Soil, Fertilizer and Water-saving Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Zhuoyu Wang
- Centre de Recherche CHUM, Montreal, H2X0A9, Canada
| | - Jinwen Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Junlian Zhang
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic and Germplasm Enhancement, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Di Wang
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic and Germplasm Enhancement, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Yantai Gan
- Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, S9H3X2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Han Y, Yin S, Huang L, Wu X, Zeng J, Liu X, Qiu L, Munns R, Chen ZH, Zhang G. A Sodium Transporter HvHKT1;1 Confers Salt Tolerance in Barley via Regulating Tissue and Cell Ion Homeostasis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:1976-1989. [PMID: 29917153 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies showed that high salt tolerance in Tibetan wild barley accessions was associated with HvHKT1;1, a member of the high-affinity potassium transporter family. However, molecular mechanisms of HvHKT1;1 for salt tolerance and its roles in K+/Na+ homeostasis remain to be elucidated. Functional characterization of HvHKT1;1 was conducted in the present study. NaCl-induced transcripts of HvHKT1;1 were significantly higher in the roots of Tibetan wild barley XZ16 relative to other genotypes, being closely associated with its higher biomass and lower tissue Na+ content under salt stress. Heterologous expression of HvHKT1;1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) and Xenopus laevis oocytes showed that HvHKT1;1 had higher selectivity for Na+ over K+ and other monovalent cations. HvHKT1;1 was found to be localized at the cell plasma membrane of root stele and epidermis. Knock-down of HvHKT1;1 in barley led to higher Na+ accumulation in both roots and leaves, while overexpression of HvHKT1;1 in salt-sensitive Arabidopsis hkt1-4 and sos1-12 loss-of-function lines resulted in significantly less shoot and root Na+ accumulation. Additionally, microelectrode ion flux measurements and root elongation assay revealed that the transgenic Arabidopsis plants exhibited a remarkable capacity for regulation of Na+, K+, Ca2+ and H+ homeostasis under salt stress. These results indicate that HvHKT1;1 is critical in radial root Na+ transport, which eventually reduces shoot Na+ accumulation. Additionally, HvHKT1;1 may be indirectly involved in retention of K+ and Ca2+ in root cells, which also improves plant salt tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Han
- Agronomy Department, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuya Yin
- Agronomy Department, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Huang
- Agronomy Department, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuelong Wu
- Agronomy Department, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianbin Zeng
- Agronomy Department, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Long Qiu
- Agronomy Department, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rana Munns
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology and School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- Agronomy Department, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Agronomy Department, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sun J, Cao H, Cheng J, He X, Sohail H, Niu M, Huang Y, Bie Z. Pumpkin CmHKT1;1 Controls Shoot Na⁺ Accumulation via Limiting Na⁺ Transport from Rootstock to Scion in Grafted Cucumber. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2648. [PMID: 30200653 PMCID: PMC6165489 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity adversely affects the growth and yield of crops, including cucumber, one of the most important vegetables in the world. Grafting with salt-tolerant pumpkin as the rootstock effectively improves the growth of cucumber under different salt conditions by limiting Na⁺ transport from the pumpkin rootstock to the cucumber scion. High-affinity potassium transporters (HKTs) are crucial for the long distance transport of Na⁺ in plants, but the function of pumpkin HKTs in this process of grafted cucumber plants remains unclear. In this work, we have characterized CmHKT1;1 as a member of the HKT gene family in Cucurbita moschata and observed an obvious upregulation of CmHKT1;1 in roots under NaCl stress conditions. Heterologous expression analyses in yeast mutants indicated that CmHKT1;1 is a Na⁺-selective transporter. The transient expression in tobacco epidermal cells and in situ hybridization showed CmHKT1;1 localization at plasma membrane, and preferential expression in root stele. Moreover, ectopic expression of CmHKT1;1 in cucumber decreased the Na⁺ accumulation in the plants shoots. Finally, the CmHKT1;1 transgenic line as the rootstock decreased the Na⁺ content in the wild type shoots. These findings suggest that CmHKT1;1 plays a key role in the salt tolerance of grafted cucumber by limiting Na⁺ transport from the rootstock to the scion and can further be useful for engineering salt tolerance in cucurbit crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Haishun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jintao Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xiaomeng He
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Hamza Sohail
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Mengliang Niu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Zhilong Bie
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Oikawa T, Ishimaru Y, Munemasa S, Takeuchi Y, Washiyama K, Hamamoto S, Yoshikawa N, Mutara Y, Uozumi N, Ueda M. Ion Channels Regulate Nyctinastic Leaf Opening in Samanea saman. Curr Biol 2018; 28:2230-2238.e7. [PMID: 29983317 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The circadian leaf opening and closing (nyctinasty) of Fabaceae has attracted scientists' attention since the era of Charles Darwin. Nyctinastic movement is triggered by the alternate swelling and shrinking of motor cells at the base of the leaf. This, in turn, is facilitated by changing osmotic pressures brought about by ion flow through anion and potassium ion channels. However, key regulatory ion channels and molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we identify three key ion channels in mimosoid tree Samanea saman: the slow-type anion channels, SsSLAH1 and SsSLAH3, and the Shaker-type potassium channel, SPORK2. We show that cell-specific circadian expression of SsSLAH1 plays a key role in nyctinastic leaf opening. In addition, SsSLAH1 co-expressed with SsSLAH3 in flexor (abaxial) motor cells promoted leaf opening. We confirm the importance of SLAH1 in leaf movement using SLAH1-impaired Glycine max. Identification of this "master player" advances our molecular understanding of nyctinasty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takaya Oikawa
- Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ishimaru
- Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Shintaro Munemasa
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takeuchi
- Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kento Washiyama
- Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Shin Hamamoto
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-07, Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Yoshikawa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8, Ueda, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Mutara
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Uozumi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-07, Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Minoru Ueda
- Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan; Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jiang Z, Song G, Shan X, Wei Z, Liu Y, Jiang C, Jiang Y, Jin F, Li Y. Association Analysis and Identification of ZmHKT1;5 Variation With Salt-Stress Tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1485. [PMID: 30369939 PMCID: PMC6194160 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The high-affinity potassium transporter (HKT) genes are essential for plant salt stress tolerance. However, there were limited studies on HKTs in maize (Zea mays), and it is basically unknown whether natural sequence variations in these genes are associated with the phenotypic variability of salt tolerance. Here, the characterization of ZmHKT1;5 was reported. Under salt stress, ZmHKT1;5 expression increased strongly in salt-tolerant inbred lines, which accompanied a better-balanced Na+/K+ ratio and preferable plant growth. The association between sequence variations in ZmHKT1;5 and salt tolerance was evaluated in a diverse population comprising 54 maize varieties from different maize production regions of China. Two SNPs (A134G and A511G) in the coding region of ZmHKT1;5 were significantly associated with different salt tolerance levels in maize varieties. In addition, the favorable allele of ZmHKT1; 5 identified in salt tolerant maize varieties effectively endowed plant salt tolerance. Transgenic tobacco plants of overexpressing the favorable allele displayed enhanced tolerance to salt stress better than overexpressing the wild type ZmHKT1;5. Our research showed that ZmHKT1;5 expression could effectively enhance salt tolerance by maintaining an optimal Na+/K+ balance and increasing the antioxidant activity that keeps reactive oxygen species (ROS) at a low accumulation level. Especially, the two SNPs in ZmHKT1;5 might be related with new amino acid residues to confer salt tolerance in maize. Key Message: Two SNPs of ZmHKT1;5 related with salt tolerance were identified by association analysis. Overexpressing ZmHKT1;5 in tobaccos showed that the SNPs might enhance its ability to regulating Na+/K+ homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhilei Jiang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Guangshu Song
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaohui Shan
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaohui Shan, Yidan Li,
| | - Zhengyi Wei
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yanzhi Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Fengxue Jin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yidan Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaohui Shan, Yidan Li,
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Garriga M, Raddatz N, Véry AA, Sentenac H, Rubio-Meléndez ME, González W, Dreyer I. Cloning and functional characterization of HKT1 and AKT1 genes of Fragaria spp.-Relationship to plant response to salt stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 210:9-17. [PMID: 28039842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Commercial strawberry, Fragaria x ananassa Duch., is a species sensitive to salinity. Under saline conditions, Na+ uptake by the plant is increased, while K+ uptake is significantly reduced. Maintaining an adequate K+/Na+ cytosolic ratio determines the ability of the plant to survive in saline environments. The goal of the present work was to clone and functionally characterize the genes AKT1 and HKT1 involved in K+ and Na+ transport in strawberry and to determine the relationship of these genes with the responses of three Fragaria spp. genotypes having different ecological adaptations to salt stress. FaHKT1 and FcHKT1 proteins from F. x ananassa and F. chiloensis have 98.1% of identity, while FaAKT1 and FcAKT1 identity is 99.7%. FaHKT1 and FaAKT1 from F. x ananassa, were functionally characterized in Xenopus oocytes. FaHKT1, belongs to the group I of HKT transporters and is selective for Na+. Expression of FaAKT1 in oocytes showed that the protein is a typical inward-rectifying and highly K+-selective channel. The relative expression of Fragaria HKT1 and AKT1 genes was studied in roots of F. x ananassa cv. Camarosa and of F. chiloensis (accessions Bau and Cucao) grown under salt stress. The expression of AKT1 was transiently increased in 'Camarosa', decreased in 'Cucao' and was not affected in 'Bau' upon salt stress. HKT1 expression was significantly increased in roots of 'Cucao' and was not affected in the other two genotypes. The increased relative expression of HKT1 and decreased expression of AKT1 in 'Cucao' roots correlates with the higher tolerance to salinity of this genotype in comparison with 'Camarosa' and 'Bau'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Garriga
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile.
| | - Natalia Raddatz
- Plant Biophysics, Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), E-28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anne-Aliénor Véry
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR 5004, ENSA.M INRA CNRS UMII, 34060 Montpellier, Cedex 2, France
| | - Hervé Sentenac
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR 5004, ENSA.M INRA CNRS UMII, 34060 Montpellier, Cedex 2, France
| | - María E Rubio-Meléndez
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile; Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile
| | - Wendy González
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 721, Talca, Chile
| | - Ingo Dreyer
- Plant Biophysics, Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), E-28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 721, Talca, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ali A, Raddatz N, Aman R, Kim S, Park HC, Jan M, Baek D, Khan IU, Oh DH, Lee SY, Bressan RA, Lee KW, Maggio A, Pardo JM, Bohnert HJ, Yun DJ. A Single Amino-Acid Substitution in the Sodium Transporter HKT1 Associated with Plant Salt Tolerance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 171:2112-26. [PMID: 27208305 PMCID: PMC4936583 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A crucial prerequisite for plant growth and survival is the maintenance of potassium uptake, especially when high sodium surrounds the root zone. The Arabidopsis HIGH-AFFINITY K(+) TRANSPORTER1 (HKT1), and its homologs in other salt-sensitive dicots, contributes to salinity tolerance by removing Na(+) from the transpiration stream. However, TsHKT1;2, one of three HKT1 copies in Thellungiella salsuginea, a halophytic Arabidopsis relative, acts as a K(+) transporter in the presence of Na(+) in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Amino-acid sequence comparisons indicated differences between TsHKT1;2 and most other published HKT1 sequences with respect to an Asp residue (D207) in the second pore-loop domain. Two additional T salsuginea and most other HKT1 sequences contain Asn (n) in this position. Wild-type TsHKT1;2 and altered AtHKT1 (AtHKT1(N-D)) complemented K(+)-uptake deficiency of yeast cells. Mutant hkt1-1 plants complemented with both AtHKT1(N) (-) (D) and TsHKT1;2 showed higher tolerance to salt stress than lines complemented by the wild-type AtHKT1 Electrophysiological analysis in Xenopus laevis oocytes confirmed the functional properties of these transporters and the differential selectivity for Na(+) and K(+) based on the n/d variance in the pore region. This change also dictated inward-rectification for Na(+) transport. Thus, the introduction of Asp, replacing Asn, in HKT1-type transporters established altered cation selectivity and uptake dynamics. We describe one way, based on a single change in a crucial protein that enabled some crucifer species to acquire improved salt tolerance, which over evolutionary time may have resulted in further changes that ultimately facilitated colonization of saline habitats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akhtar Ali
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea (A.A., R.A., S.K., M.J., D.B., I.U.K., S.Y.L., K.W.L., H.J.B., D.-J.Y.); Plant Biophysics, Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, Carretera M-40, km 37.7, E-28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón Madrid (N.R.);Division of Ecological Adaptation Research, National Institute of Ecology (NIE), Seocheon 325-813, Republic of Korea (H.C.P.); Department of Biology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 (D.-H.O.);Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2010 (R.A.B.);Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, Via Universita` 100, Portici, I-80055, Italy (A.M.);Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 41092 Sevilla, Spain (J.M.P.); College of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, KSA (H.J.B.); and Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (H.J.B.)
| | - Natalia Raddatz
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea (A.A., R.A., S.K., M.J., D.B., I.U.K., S.Y.L., K.W.L., H.J.B., D.-J.Y.); Plant Biophysics, Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, Carretera M-40, km 37.7, E-28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón Madrid (N.R.);Division of Ecological Adaptation Research, National Institute of Ecology (NIE), Seocheon 325-813, Republic of Korea (H.C.P.); Department of Biology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 (D.-H.O.);Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2010 (R.A.B.);Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, Via Universita` 100, Portici, I-80055, Italy (A.M.);Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 41092 Sevilla, Spain (J.M.P.); College of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, KSA (H.J.B.); and Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (H.J.B.)
| | - Rashid Aman
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea (A.A., R.A., S.K., M.J., D.B., I.U.K., S.Y.L., K.W.L., H.J.B., D.-J.Y.); Plant Biophysics, Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, Carretera M-40, km 37.7, E-28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón Madrid (N.R.);Division of Ecological Adaptation Research, National Institute of Ecology (NIE), Seocheon 325-813, Republic of Korea (H.C.P.); Department of Biology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 (D.-H.O.);Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2010 (R.A.B.);Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, Via Universita` 100, Portici, I-80055, Italy (A.M.);Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 41092 Sevilla, Spain (J.M.P.); College of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, KSA (H.J.B.); and Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (H.J.B.)
| | - Songmi Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea (A.A., R.A., S.K., M.J., D.B., I.U.K., S.Y.L., K.W.L., H.J.B., D.-J.Y.); Plant Biophysics, Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, Carretera M-40, km 37.7, E-28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón Madrid (N.R.);Division of Ecological Adaptation Research, National Institute of Ecology (NIE), Seocheon 325-813, Republic of Korea (H.C.P.); Department of Biology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 (D.-H.O.);Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2010 (R.A.B.);Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, Via Universita` 100, Portici, I-80055, Italy (A.M.);Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 41092 Sevilla, Spain (J.M.P.); College of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, KSA (H.J.B.); and Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (H.J.B.)
| | - Hyeong Cheol Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea (A.A., R.A., S.K., M.J., D.B., I.U.K., S.Y.L., K.W.L., H.J.B., D.-J.Y.); Plant Biophysics, Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, Carretera M-40, km 37.7, E-28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón Madrid (N.R.);Division of Ecological Adaptation Research, National Institute of Ecology (NIE), Seocheon 325-813, Republic of Korea (H.C.P.); Department of Biology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 (D.-H.O.);Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2010 (R.A.B.);Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, Via Universita` 100, Portici, I-80055, Italy (A.M.);Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 41092 Sevilla, Spain (J.M.P.); College of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, KSA (H.J.B.); and Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (H.J.B.)
| | - Masood Jan
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea (A.A., R.A., S.K., M.J., D.B., I.U.K., S.Y.L., K.W.L., H.J.B., D.-J.Y.); Plant Biophysics, Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, Carretera M-40, km 37.7, E-28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón Madrid (N.R.);Division of Ecological Adaptation Research, National Institute of Ecology (NIE), Seocheon 325-813, Republic of Korea (H.C.P.); Department of Biology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 (D.-H.O.);Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2010 (R.A.B.);Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, Via Universita` 100, Portici, I-80055, Italy (A.M.);Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 41092 Sevilla, Spain (J.M.P.); College of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, KSA (H.J.B.); and Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (H.J.B.)
| | - Dongwon Baek
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea (A.A., R.A., S.K., M.J., D.B., I.U.K., S.Y.L., K.W.L., H.J.B., D.-J.Y.); Plant Biophysics, Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, Carretera M-40, km 37.7, E-28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón Madrid (N.R.);Division of Ecological Adaptation Research, National Institute of Ecology (NIE), Seocheon 325-813, Republic of Korea (H.C.P.); Department of Biology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 (D.-H.O.);Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2010 (R.A.B.);Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, Via Universita` 100, Portici, I-80055, Italy (A.M.);Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 41092 Sevilla, Spain (J.M.P.); College of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, KSA (H.J.B.); and Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (H.J.B.)
| | - Irfan Ullah Khan
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea (A.A., R.A., S.K., M.J., D.B., I.U.K., S.Y.L., K.W.L., H.J.B., D.-J.Y.); Plant Biophysics, Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, Carretera M-40, km 37.7, E-28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón Madrid (N.R.);Division of Ecological Adaptation Research, National Institute of Ecology (NIE), Seocheon 325-813, Republic of Korea (H.C.P.); Department of Biology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 (D.-H.O.);Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2010 (R.A.B.);Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, Via Universita` 100, Portici, I-80055, Italy (A.M.);Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 41092 Sevilla, Spain (J.M.P.); College of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, KSA (H.J.B.); and Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (H.J.B.)
| | - Dong-Ha Oh
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea (A.A., R.A., S.K., M.J., D.B., I.U.K., S.Y.L., K.W.L., H.J.B., D.-J.Y.); Plant Biophysics, Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, Carretera M-40, km 37.7, E-28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón Madrid (N.R.);Division of Ecological Adaptation Research, National Institute of Ecology (NIE), Seocheon 325-813, Republic of Korea (H.C.P.); Department of Biology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 (D.-H.O.);Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2010 (R.A.B.);Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, Via Universita` 100, Portici, I-80055, Italy (A.M.);Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 41092 Sevilla, Spain (J.M.P.); College of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, KSA (H.J.B.); and Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (H.J.B.)
| | - Sang Yeol Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea (A.A., R.A., S.K., M.J., D.B., I.U.K., S.Y.L., K.W.L., H.J.B., D.-J.Y.); Plant Biophysics, Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, Carretera M-40, km 37.7, E-28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón Madrid (N.R.);Division of Ecological Adaptation Research, National Institute of Ecology (NIE), Seocheon 325-813, Republic of Korea (H.C.P.); Department of Biology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 (D.-H.O.);Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2010 (R.A.B.);Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, Via Universita` 100, Portici, I-80055, Italy (A.M.);Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 41092 Sevilla, Spain (J.M.P.); College of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, KSA (H.J.B.); and Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (H.J.B.)
| | - Ray A Bressan
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea (A.A., R.A., S.K., M.J., D.B., I.U.K., S.Y.L., K.W.L., H.J.B., D.-J.Y.); Plant Biophysics, Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, Carretera M-40, km 37.7, E-28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón Madrid (N.R.);Division of Ecological Adaptation Research, National Institute of Ecology (NIE), Seocheon 325-813, Republic of Korea (H.C.P.); Department of Biology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 (D.-H.O.);Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2010 (R.A.B.);Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, Via Universita` 100, Portici, I-80055, Italy (A.M.);Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 41092 Sevilla, Spain (J.M.P.); College of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, KSA (H.J.B.); and Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (H.J.B.)
| | - Keun Woo Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea (A.A., R.A., S.K., M.J., D.B., I.U.K., S.Y.L., K.W.L., H.J.B., D.-J.Y.); Plant Biophysics, Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, Carretera M-40, km 37.7, E-28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón Madrid (N.R.);Division of Ecological Adaptation Research, National Institute of Ecology (NIE), Seocheon 325-813, Republic of Korea (H.C.P.); Department of Biology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 (D.-H.O.);Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2010 (R.A.B.);Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, Via Universita` 100, Portici, I-80055, Italy (A.M.);Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 41092 Sevilla, Spain (J.M.P.); College of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, KSA (H.J.B.); and Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (H.J.B.)
| | - Albino Maggio
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea (A.A., R.A., S.K., M.J., D.B., I.U.K., S.Y.L., K.W.L., H.J.B., D.-J.Y.); Plant Biophysics, Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, Carretera M-40, km 37.7, E-28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón Madrid (N.R.);Division of Ecological Adaptation Research, National Institute of Ecology (NIE), Seocheon 325-813, Republic of Korea (H.C.P.); Department of Biology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 (D.-H.O.);Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2010 (R.A.B.);Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, Via Universita` 100, Portici, I-80055, Italy (A.M.);Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 41092 Sevilla, Spain (J.M.P.); College of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, KSA (H.J.B.); and Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (H.J.B.)
| | - Jose M Pardo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea (A.A., R.A., S.K., M.J., D.B., I.U.K., S.Y.L., K.W.L., H.J.B., D.-J.Y.); Plant Biophysics, Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, Carretera M-40, km 37.7, E-28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón Madrid (N.R.);Division of Ecological Adaptation Research, National Institute of Ecology (NIE), Seocheon 325-813, Republic of Korea (H.C.P.); Department of Biology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 (D.-H.O.);Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2010 (R.A.B.);Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, Via Universita` 100, Portici, I-80055, Italy (A.M.);Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 41092 Sevilla, Spain (J.M.P.); College of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, KSA (H.J.B.); and Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (H.J.B.)
| | - Hans J Bohnert
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea (A.A., R.A., S.K., M.J., D.B., I.U.K., S.Y.L., K.W.L., H.J.B., D.-J.Y.); Plant Biophysics, Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, Carretera M-40, km 37.7, E-28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón Madrid (N.R.);Division of Ecological Adaptation Research, National Institute of Ecology (NIE), Seocheon 325-813, Republic of Korea (H.C.P.); Department of Biology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 (D.-H.O.);Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2010 (R.A.B.);Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, Via Universita` 100, Portici, I-80055, Italy (A.M.);Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 41092 Sevilla, Spain (J.M.P.); College of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, KSA (H.J.B.); and Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (H.J.B.)
| | - Dae-Jin Yun
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea (A.A., R.A., S.K., M.J., D.B., I.U.K., S.Y.L., K.W.L., H.J.B., D.-J.Y.); Plant Biophysics, Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, Carretera M-40, km 37.7, E-28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón Madrid (N.R.);Division of Ecological Adaptation Research, National Institute of Ecology (NIE), Seocheon 325-813, Republic of Korea (H.C.P.); Department of Biology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 (D.-H.O.);Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2010 (R.A.B.);Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, Via Universita` 100, Portici, I-80055, Italy (A.M.);Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 41092 Sevilla, Spain (J.M.P.); College of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, KSA (H.J.B.); and Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (H.J.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ariyarathna HACK, Francki MG. Phylogenetic relationships and protein modelling revealed two distinct subfamilies of group II HKT genes between crop and model grasses. Genome 2016; 59:509-17. [PMID: 27203707 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2016-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Molecular evolution of large protein families in closely related species can provide useful insights on structural functional relationships. Phylogenetic analysis of the grass-specific group II HKT genes identified two distinct subfamilies, I and II. Subfamily II was represented in all species, whereas subfamily I was identified only in the small grain cereals and possibly originated from an ancestral gene duplication post divergence from the coarse grain cereal lineage. The core protein structures were highly analogous despite there being no more than 58% amino acid identity between members of the two subfamilies. Distinctly variable regions in known functional domains, however, indicated functional divergence of the two subfamilies. The subsets of codons residing external to known functional domains predicted signatures of positive Darwinian selection potentially identifying new domains of functional divergence and providing new insights on the structural function and relationships between protein members of the two subfamilies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H A Chandima K Ariyarathna
- a School of Plant Biology and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia.,b State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch WA 6150, Australia
| | - Michael G Francki
- b State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch WA 6150, Australia.,c Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, 3 Baron Hay Ct, South Perth WA 6151, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ariyarathna HACK, Oldach KH, Francki MG. A comparative gene analysis with rice identified orthologous group II HKT genes and their association with Na(+) concentration in bread wheat. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:21. [PMID: 26786911 PMCID: PMC4719669 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0714-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the HKT transporter genes ascertain some of the key determinants of crop salt tolerance mechanisms, the diversity and functional role of group II HKT genes are not clearly understood in bread wheat. The advanced knowledge on rice HKT and whole genome sequence was, therefore, used in comparative gene analysis to identify orthologous wheat group II HKT genes and their role in trait variation under different saline environments. RESULTS The four group II HKTs in rice identified two orthologous gene families from bread wheat, including the known TaHKT2;1 gene family and a new distinctly different gene family designated as TaHKT2;2. A single copy of TaHKT2;2 was found on each homeologous chromosome arm 7AL, 7BL and 7DL and each gene was expressed in leaf blade, sheath and root tissues under non-stressed and at 200 mM salt stressed conditions. The proteins encoded by genes of the TaHKT2;2 family revealed more than 93% amino acid sequence identity but ≤52% amino acid identity compared to the proteins encoded by TaHKT2;1 family. Specifically, variations in known critical domains predicted functional differences between the two protein families. Similar to orthologous rice genes on chromosome 6L, TaHKT2;1 and TaHKT2;2 genes were located approximately 3 kb apart on wheat chromosomes 7AL, 7BL and 7DL, forming a static syntenic block in the two species. The chromosomal region on 7AL containing TaHKT2;1 7AL-1 co-located with QTL for shoot Na(+) concentration and yield in some saline environments. CONCLUSION The differences in copy number, genes sequences and encoded proteins between TaHKT2;2 homeologous genes and other group II HKT gene families within and across species likely reflect functional diversity for ion selectivity and transport in plants. Evidence indicated that neither TaHKT2;2 nor TaHKT2;1 were associated with primary root Na(+) uptake but TaHKT2;1 may be associated with trait variation for Na(+) exclusion and yield in some but not all saline environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H A Chandima K Ariyarathna
- School of Plant Biology and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia.
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, 6150, Western Australia.
| | - Klaus H Oldach
- South Australia Research Development Institute, Plant Genomics Centre, Waite Research Precinct, Urrbrae, 5064, South Australia.
| | - Michael G Francki
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, 6150, Western Australia.
- Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, South Perth, 6151, Western Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Suzuki K, Yamaji N, Costa A, Okuma E, Kobayashi NI, Kashiwagi T, Katsuhara M, Wang C, Tanoi K, Murata Y, Schroeder JI, Ma JF, Horie T. OsHKT1;4-mediated Na(+) transport in stems contributes to Na(+) exclusion from leaf blades of rice at the reproductive growth stage upon salt stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:22. [PMID: 26786707 PMCID: PMC4719677 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0709-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Na(+) exclusion from leaf blades is one of the key mechanisms for glycophytes to cope with salinity stress. Certain class I transporters of the high-affinity K(+) transporter (HKT) family have been demonstrated to mediate leaf blade-Na(+) exclusion upon salinity stress via Na(+)-selective transport. Multiple HKT1 transporters are known to function in rice (Oryza sativa). However, the ion transport function of OsHKT1;4 and its contribution to the Na(+) exclusion mechanism in rice remain to be elucidated. RESULTS Here, we report results of the functional characterization of the OsHKT1;4 transporter in rice. OsHKT1;4 mediated robust Na(+) transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Xenopus laevis oocytes. Electrophysiological experiments demonstrated that OsHKT1;4 shows strong Na(+) selectivity among cations tested, including Li(+), Na(+), K(+), Rb(+), Cs(+), and NH4 (+), in oocytes. A chimeric protein, EGFP-OsHKT1;4, was found to be functional in oocytes and targeted to the plasma membrane of rice protoplasts. The level of OsHKT1;4 transcripts was prominent in leaf sheaths throughout the growth stages. Unexpectedly however, we demonstrate here accumulation of OsHKT1;4 transcripts in the stem including internode II and peduncle in the reproductive growth stage. Moreover, phenotypic analysis of OsHKT1;4 RNAi plants in the vegetative growth stage revealed no profound influence on the growth and ion accumulation in comparison with WT plants upon salinity stress. However, imposition of salinity stress on the RNAi plants in the reproductive growth stage caused significant Na(+) overaccumulation in aerial organs, in particular, leaf blades and sheaths. In addition, (22)Na(+) tracer experiments using peduncles of RNAi and WT plants suggested xylem Na(+) unloading by OsHKT1;4. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results indicate a newly recognized function of OsHKT1;4 in Na(+) exclusion in stems together with leaf sheaths, thus excluding Na(+) from leaf blades of a japonica rice cultivar in the reproductive growth stage, but the contribution is low when the plants are in the vegetative growth stage.
Collapse
Grants
- P42 ES010337 NIEHS NIH HHS
- P42ES010337 NIEHS NIH HHS
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (JP)
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology as part of the Joint Research Program implemented at the Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University (JP)
- Public Foundation of Chubu Science and Technology Center (JP)
- Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca Fondo per gli Investimenti della Ricerca di Base (FIRB) 2010
- National Institutes of Health (US)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Suzuki
- Division of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan.
| | - Naoki Yamaji
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan.
| | - Alex Costa
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via G. Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy.
- Institute of Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via G. Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Eiji Okuma
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Natsuko I Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Tatsuhiko Kashiwagi
- Division of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan.
| | - Maki Katsuhara
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan.
| | - Cun Wang
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, SanDiego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0116, USA.
| | - Keitaro Tanoi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Yoshiyuki Murata
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Julian I Schroeder
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, SanDiego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0116, USA.
| | - Jian Feng Ma
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan.
| | - Tomoaki Horie
- Division of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ren S, Lyle C, Jiang GL, Penumala A. Soybean Salt Tolerance 1 (GmST1) Reduces ROS Production, Enhances ABA Sensitivity, and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:445. [PMID: 27148284 PMCID: PMC4826999 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses, including high soil salinity, significantly reduce crop production worldwide. Salt tolerance in plants is a complex trait and is regulated by multiple mechanisms. Understanding the mechanisms and dissecting the components on their regulatory pathways will provide new insights, leading to novel strategies for the improvement of salt tolerance in agricultural and economic crops of importance. Here we report that soybean salt tolerance 1, named GmST1, exhibited strong tolerance to salt stress in the Arabidopsis transgenic lines. The GmST1-overexpressed Arabidopsis also increased sensitivity to ABA and decreased production of reactive oxygen species under salt stress. In addition, GmST1 significantly improved drought tolerance in Arabidopsis transgenic lines. GmST1 belongs to a 3-prime part of Glyma.03g171600 gene in the current version of soybean genome sequence annotation. However, comparative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis around Glyma.03g171600 genomic region confirmed that GmST1 might serve as an intact gene in soybean leaf tissues. Unlike Glyma.03g171600 which was not expressed in leaves, GmST1 was strongly induced by salt treatment in the leaf tissues. By promoter analysis, a TATA box was detected to be positioned close to GmST1 start codon and a putative ABRE and a DRE cis-acting elements were identified at about 1 kb upstream of GmST1 gene. The data also indicated that GmST1-transgenic lines survived under drought stress and showed a significantly lower water loss than non-transgenic lines. In summary, our results suggest that overexpression of GmST1 significantly improves Arabidopsis tolerance to both salt and drought stresses and the gene may be a potential candidate for genetic engineering of salt- and drought-tolerant crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Ren
- Agricultural Research Station, Virginia State UniversityPetersburg, VA, USA
- *Correspondence: Shuxin Ren,
| | - Chimera Lyle
- Agricultural Research Station, Virginia State UniversityPetersburg, VA, USA
| | - Guo-liang Jiang
- Agricultural Research Station, Virginia State UniversityPetersburg, VA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Suzuki K, Costa A, Nakayama H, Katsuhara M, Shinmyo A, Horie T. OsHKT2;2/1-mediated Na(+) influx over K(+) uptake in roots potentially increases toxic Na(+) accumulation in a salt-tolerant landrace of rice Nona Bokra upon salinity stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2016; 129:67-77. [PMID: 26578190 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-015-0764-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
HKT transporters are Na(+)-permeable membrane proteins, which mediate Na(+) and K(+) homeostasis in K(+)-depleted and saline environments in plants. Class II HKT transporters, a distinct subgroup found predominantly in monocots, are known to mediate Na(+)-K(+) co-transport in principle. Here we report features of ion transport functions of No-OsHKT2;2/1, a class II transporter identified in a salt tolerant landrace of indica rice, Nona Bokra. We profiled No-OsHKT2;2/1 expression in organs of Nona Bokra plants with or without salinity stress. Dominant accumulation of the No-OsHKT2;2/1 transcript in K(+)-starved roots of Nona Bokra plants largely disappeared in response to 50 mM NaCl. We found that No-OsHKT2;2/1 expressed in the high-affinity K(+) uptake deficient mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Xenopus laevis oocytes shows robust K(+) selectivity even in the presence of a large amount of NaCl as reported previously. However, No-OsHKT2;2/1-expressing yeast cells exhibited Na(+) hypersensitive growth under various concentrations of K(+) and Na(+) as the cells expressing Po-OsHKT2;2, a similar class II transporter from another salt tolerant indica rice Pokkali, when compared with the growth of cells harboring empty vector or cells expressing OsHKT2;4. The OsHKT2;4 protein expressed in Xenopus oocytes showed strong K(+) selectivity in the presence of 50 mM NaCl in comparison with No-OsHKT2;2/1 and Po-OsHKT2;2. Together with apparent plasma membrane-localization of No-OsHKT2;2/1, these results point to possibilities that No-OsHKT2;2/1 could mediate destructive Na(+) influx over K(+) uptake in Nona Bokra plants upon salinity stress, and that a predominant physiological function of No-OsHKT2;2/1 might be the acquisition of Na(+) and K(+) in K(+)-limited environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Suzuki
- Division of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan
| | - Alex Costa
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via G. Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
- Institute of Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via G. Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Hideki Nakayama
- Institute of Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Maki Katsuhara
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Shinmyo
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Horie
- Division of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Nozoye T, Nagasaka S, Kobayashi T, Sato Y, Uozumi N, Nakanishi H, Nishizawa NK. The Phytosiderophore Efflux Transporter TOM2 Is Involved in Metal Transport in Rice. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:27688-99. [PMID: 26432636 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.635193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential metal element for all living organisms. Graminaceous plants produce and secrete mugineic acid family phytosiderophores from their roots to acquire iron in the soil. Phytosiderophores chelate and solubilize insoluble iron hydroxide in the soil. Subsequently, plants take up iron-phytosiderophore complexes through specific transporters on the root cell membrane. Phytosiderophores are also thought to be important for the internal transport of various transition metals, including iron. In this study, we analyzed TOM2 and TOM3, rice homologs of transporter of mugineic acid family phytosiderophores 1 (TOM1), a crucial efflux transporter directly involved in phytosiderophore secretion into the soil. Transgenic rice analysis using promoter-β-glucuronidase revealed that TOM2 was expressed in tissues involved in metal translocation, whereas TOM3 was expressed only in restricted parts of the plant. Strong TOM2 expression was observed in developing tissues during seed maturation and germination, whereas TOM3 expression was weak during seed maturation. Transgenic rice in which TOM2 expression was repressed by RNA interference showed growth defects compared with non-transformants and TOM3-repressed rice. Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing TOM2 released (14)C-labeled deoxymugineic acid, the initial phytosiderophore compound in the biosynthetic pathway in rice. In onion epidermal and rice root cells, the TOM2-GFP fusion protein localized to the cell membrane, indicating that the TOM2 protein is a transporter for phytosiderophore efflux to the cell exterior. Our results indicate that TOM2 is involved in the internal transport of deoxymugineic acid, which is required for normal plant growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Nozoye
- From the Department of Global Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657 Japan
| | - Seiji Nagasaka
- From the Department of Global Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657 Japan
| | - Takanori Kobayashi
- the Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan, and
| | - Yuki Sato
- the Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-7 Aobayama, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Uozumi
- the Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-7 Aobayama, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakanishi
- From the Department of Global Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657 Japan
| | - Naoko K Nishizawa
- From the Department of Global Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657 Japan, the Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan, and
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Shahzad K, Rauf M, Ahmed M, Malik ZA, Habib I, Ahmed Z, Mahmood K, Ali R, Masmoudi K, Lemtiri-Chlieh F, Gehring C, Berkowitz GA, Saeed NA. Functional characterisation of an intron retaining K(+) transporter of barley reveals intron-mediated alternate splicing. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2015; 17:840-51. [PMID: 25631371 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Intron retention in transcripts and the presence of 5' and 3' splice sites within these introns mediate alternate splicing, which is widely observed in animals and plants. Here, functional characterisation of the K(+) transporter, HvHKT2;1, with stably retained introns from barley (Hordeum vulgare) in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and transcript profiling in yeast and transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) is presented. Expression of intron-retaining HvHKT2;1 cDNA (HvHKT2;1-i) in trk1, trk2 yeast strain defective in K(+) uptake restored growth in medium containing hygromycin in the presence of different concentrations of K(+) and mediated hypersensitivity to Na(+) . HvHKT2;1-i produces multiple transcripts via alternate splicing of two regular introns and three exons in different compositions. HKT isoforms with retained introns and exon skipping variants were detected in relative expression analysis of (i) HvHKT2;1-i in barley under native conditions, (ii) in transgenic tobacco plants constitutively expressing HvHKT2;1-i, and (iii) in trk1, trk2 yeast expressing HvHKT2;1-i under control of an inducible promoter. Mixed proportions of three HKT transcripts: HvHKT2;1-e (first exon region), HvHKT2;1-i1 (first intron) and HvHKT2;1-i2 (second intron) were observed. The variation in transcript accumulation in response to changing K(+) and Na(+) concentrations was observed in both heterologous and plant systems. These findings suggest a link between intron-retaining transcripts and different splice variants to ion homeostasis, and their possible role in salt stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Shahzad
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Rauf
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Ahmed
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Z A Malik
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - I Habib
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Z Ahmed
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - K Mahmood
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - R Ali
- Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - K Masmoudi
- International Centre for Biosaline Agriculture (ICBA), Dubai, UAE
| | - F Lemtiri-Chlieh
- Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - C Gehring
- Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - G A Berkowitz
- Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - N A Saeed
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
A structural model for facultative anion channels in an oligomeric membrane protein: the yeast TRK (K+) system. Pflugers Arch 2015; 467:2447-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-015-1712-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
36
|
Bashir K, Ishimaru Y, Itai RN, Senoura T, Takahashi M, An G, Oikawa T, Ueda M, Sato A, Uozumi N, Nakanishi H, Nishizawa NK. Iron deficiency regulated OsOPT7 is essential for iron homeostasis in rice. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 88:165-76. [PMID: 25893776 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-015-0315-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism of iron (Fe) uptake and transport in plants are well-characterized; however, many components of Fe homeostasis remain unclear. We cloned iron-deficiency-regulated oligopeptide transporter 7 (OsOPT7) from rice. OsOPT7 localized to the plasma membrane and did not transport Fe(III)-DMA or Fe(II)-NA and GSH in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Furthermore OsOPT7 did not complement the growth of yeast fet3fet4 mutant. OsOPT7 was specifically upregulated in response to Fe-deficiency. Promoter GUS analysis revealed that OsOPT7 expresses in root tips, root vascular tissue and shoots as well as during seed development. Microarray analysis of OsOPT7 knockout 1 (opt7-1) revealed the upregulation of Fe-deficiency-responsive genes in plants grown under Fe-sufficient conditions, despite the high Fe and ferritin concentrations in shoot tissue indicating that Fe may not be available for physiological functions. Plants overexpressing OsOPT7 do not exhibit any phenotype and do not accumulate more Fe compared to wild type plants. These results indicate that OsOPT7 may be involved in Fe transport in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khurram Bashir
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hamamoto S, Horie T, Hauser F, Deinlein U, Schroeder JI, Uozumi N. HKT transporters mediate salt stress resistance in plants: from structure and function to the field. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2015; 32:113-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2014.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
38
|
Sanadhya P, Agarwal P, Khedia J, Agarwal PK. A Low-Affinity K+ Transporter AlHKT2;1 from Recretohalophyte Aeluropus lagopoides Confers Salt Tolerance in Yeast. Mol Biotechnol 2015; 57:489-98. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-015-9842-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
39
|
Model of Cation Transportation Mediated by High-Affinity Potassium Transporters (HKTs) in Higher Plants. Biol Proced Online 2015; 17:1. [PMID: 25698907 PMCID: PMC4334588 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-014-0013-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Trk/Ktr/HKT transporters probably were evolved from simple K+ channels KcsA. HKT transporters, which mediate Na+-uniport or Na+/K+-symport, maintain K+/Na+ homeostasis and increase salinity tolerance, can be classified into three subfamilies in higher plants. In this review, we systematically analyzed the characteristics of amino acids sequences and physiological functions of HKT transporters in higher plant. Furthermore, we depicted the hypothetical models of cations selection and transportation mediated by HKT transporters according to the highly conserved structure for the goal of better understanding the cations transportation processes.
Collapse
|
40
|
Comparative analysis of kdp and ktr mutants reveals distinct roles of the potassium transporters in the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803. J Bacteriol 2014; 197:676-87. [PMID: 25313394 DOI: 10.1128/jb.02276-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoautotrophic bacteria have developed mechanisms to maintain K(+) homeostasis under conditions of changing ionic concentrations in the environment. Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 contains genes encoding a well-characterized Ktr-type K(+) uptake transporter (Ktr) and a putative ATP-dependent transporter specific for K(+) (Kdp). The contributions of each of these K(+) transport systems to cellular K(+) homeostasis have not yet been defined conclusively. To verify the functionality of Kdp, kdp genes were expressed in Escherichia coli, where Kdp conferred K(+) uptake, albeit with lower rates than were conferred by Ktr. An on-chip microfluidic device enabled monitoring of the biphasic initial volume recovery of single Synechocystis cells after hyperosmotic shock. Here, Ktr functioned as the primary K(+) uptake system during the first recovery phase, whereas Kdp did not contribute significantly. The expression of the kdp operon in Synechocystis was induced by extracellular K(+) depletion. Correspondingly, Kdp-mediated K(+) uptake supported Synechocystis cell growth with trace amounts of external potassium. This induction of kdp expression depended on two adjacent genes, hik20 and rre19, encoding a putative two-component system. The circadian expression of kdp and ktr peaked at subjective dawn, which may support the acquisition of K(+) required for the regular diurnal photosynthetic metabolism. These results indicate that Kdp contributes to the maintenance of a basal intracellular K(+) concentration under conditions of limited K(+) in natural environments, whereas Ktr mediates fast potassium movements in the presence of greater K(+) availability. Through their distinct activities, both Ktr and Kdp coordinate the responses of Synechocystis to changes in K(+) levels under fluctuating environmental conditions.
Collapse
|
41
|
Reddy A, Cho J, Ling S, Reddy V, Shlykov M, Saier MH. Reliability of nine programs of topological predictions and their application to integral membrane channel and carrier proteins. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 24:161-90. [PMID: 24992992 DOI: 10.1159/000363506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated topological predictions for nine different programs, HMMTOP, TMHMM, SVMTOP, DAS, SOSUI, TOPCONS, PHOBIUS, MEMSAT-SVM (hereinafter referred to as MEMSAT), and SPOCTOPUS. These programs were first evaluated using four large topologically well-defined families of secondary transporters, and the three best programs were further evaluated using topologically more diverse families of channels and carriers. In the initial studies, the order of accuracy was: SPOCTOPUS > MEMSAT > HMMTOP > TOPCONS > PHOBIUS > TMHMM > SVMTOP > DAS > SOSUI. Some families, such as the Sugar Porter Family (2.A.1.1) of the Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS; TC #2.A.1) and the Amino Acid/Polyamine/Organocation (APC) Family (TC #2.A.3), were correctly predicted with high accuracy while others, such as the Mitochondrial Carrier (MC) (TC #2.A.29) and the K(+) transporter (Trk) families (TC #2.A.38), were predicted with much lower accuracy. For small, topologically homogeneous families, SPOCTOPUS and MEMSAT were generally most reliable, while with large, more diverse superfamilies, HMMTOP often proved to have the greatest prediction accuracy. We next developed a novel program, TM-STATS, that tabulates HMMTOP, SPOCTOPUS or MEMSAT-based topological predictions for any subdivision (class, subclass, superfamily, family, subfamily, or any combination of these) of the Transporter Classification Database (TCDB; www.tcdb.org) and examined the following subclasses: α-type channel proteins (TC subclasses 1.A and 1.E), secreted pore-forming toxins (TC subclass 1.C) and secondary carriers (subclass 2.A). Histograms were generated for each of these subclasses, and the results were analyzed according to subclass, family and protein. The results provide an update of topological predictions for integral membrane transport proteins as well as guides for the development of more reliable topological prediction programs, taking family-specific characteristics into account.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhinay Reddy
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, Calif., USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ariyarathna HACK, Ul-Haq T, Colmer TD, Francki MG. Characterization of the multigene family TaHKT 2;1 in bread wheat and the role of gene members in plant Na(+) and K(+) status. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:159. [PMID: 24920193 PMCID: PMC4079177 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-14-159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A member of the TaHKT2;1 multigene family was previously identified as a Na(+) transporter with a possible role in root Na(+) uptake. In the present study, the existing full-length cDNA of this member was used as a basis to query the International Wheat Genome Survey Sequence to identify all members of the TaHKT2;1 family. Individual TaHKT2;1 genes were subsequently studied for gene and predicted protein structures, promoter variability, tissue expression and their role in Na(+) and K(+) status of wheat. RESULTS Six TaHKT2;1 genes were characterized which included four functional genes (TaHKT2;1 7AL-1, TaHKT2;1 7BL-1, TaHKT2;1 7BL-2 and TaHKT2;1 7DL-1) and two pseudogenes (TaHKT2;1 7AL-2 and TaHKT2;1 7AL-3), on chromosomes 7A, 7B and 7D of hexaploid wheat. Variability in protein domains for cation specificity and in cis-regulatory elements for salt response in gene promoters, were identified amongst the functional TaHKT2;1 members. The functional genes were expressed under low and high NaCl conditions in roots and leaf sheaths, but were down regulated in leaf blades. Alternative splicing events were evident in TaHKT2;1 7AL-1. Aneuploid lines null for each functional gene were grown in high NaCl nutrient solution culture to identify potential role of each TaHKT2;1 member. Aneuploid lines null for TaHKT2;1 7AL-1, TaHKT2;1 7BL-1 and TaHKT2;1 7BL-2 showed no difference in Na(+) concentration between Chinese Spring except for higher Na(+) in sheaths. The same aneuploid lines had lower K(+) in roots, sheath and youngest fully expanded leaf but only under high (200 mM) NaCl in the external solution. There was no difference in Na(+) or K(+) concentration for any treatment between aneuploid line null for the TaHKT2;1 7DL-1 gene and Chinese Spring. CONCLUSIONS TaHKT2;1 is a complex family consisting of pseudogenes and functional members. TaHKT2;1 genes do not have an apparent role in controlling root Na(+) uptake in bread wheat seedlings under experimental conditions in this study, contrary to existing hypotheses. However, TaHKT2;1 genes or, indeed other genes in the same chromosome region on 7AL, are candidates that may control Na(+) transport from root to sheath and regulate K(+) levels in different plant tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- HA Chandima K Ariyarathna
- School of Plant Biology and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Western Australia
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Western Australia
| | - Tanveer Ul-Haq
- School of Plant Biology and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Western Australia
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Western Australia
- College of Agriculture, D. G. Khan, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Timothy D Colmer
- School of Plant Biology and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Western Australia
| | - Michael G Francki
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Western Australia
- Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, South Perth 6151, Western Australia
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Véry AA, Nieves-Cordones M, Daly M, Khan I, Fizames C, Sentenac H. Molecular biology of K+ transport across the plant cell membrane: what do we learn from comparison between plant species? JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:748-69. [PMID: 24666983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cloning and characterizations of plant K(+) transport systems aside from Arabidopsis have been increasing over the past decade, favored by the availability of more and more plant genome sequences. Information now available enables the comparison of some of these systems between species. In this review, we focus on three families of plant K(+) transport systems that are active at the plasma membrane: the Shaker K(+) channel family, comprised of voltage-gated channels that dominate the plasma membrane conductance to K(+) in most environmental conditions, and two families of transporters, the HAK/KUP/KT K(+) transporter family, which includes some high-affinity transporters, and the HKT K(+) and/or Na(+) transporter family, in which K(+)-permeable members seem to be present in monocots only. The three families are briefly described, giving insights into the structure of their members and on functional properties and their roles in Arabidopsis or rice. The structure of the three families is then compared between plant species through phylogenic analyses. Within clusters of ortologues/paralogues, similarities and differences in terms of expression pattern, functional properties and, when known, regulatory interacting partners, are highlighted. The question of the physiological significance of highlighted differences is also addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Aliénor Véry
- Biochimie & Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR 5004 CNRS/386 INRA/SupAgro Montpellier/Université Montpellier 2, Campus SupAgro-INRA, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France.
| | - Manuel Nieves-Cordones
- Biochimie & Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR 5004 CNRS/386 INRA/SupAgro Montpellier/Université Montpellier 2, Campus SupAgro-INRA, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Meriem Daly
- Biochimie & Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR 5004 CNRS/386 INRA/SupAgro Montpellier/Université Montpellier 2, Campus SupAgro-INRA, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France; Laboratoire d'Ecologie et d'Environnement, Faculté des Sciences Ben M'sik, Université Hassan II-Mohammedia, Avenue Cdt Driss El Harti, BP 7955, Sidi Othmane, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Imran Khan
- Biochimie & Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR 5004 CNRS/386 INRA/SupAgro Montpellier/Université Montpellier 2, Campus SupAgro-INRA, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France; Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Cécile Fizames
- Biochimie & Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR 5004 CNRS/386 INRA/SupAgro Montpellier/Université Montpellier 2, Campus SupAgro-INRA, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Hervé Sentenac
- Biochimie & Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR 5004 CNRS/386 INRA/SupAgro Montpellier/Université Montpellier 2, Campus SupAgro-INRA, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Nieves-Cordones M, Alemán F, Martínez V, Rubio F. K+ uptake in plant roots. The systems involved, their regulation and parallels in other organisms. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:688-95. [PMID: 24810767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2013.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K(+)) is an essential macronutrient for plants. It is taken into the plant by the transport systems present in the plasma membranes of root epidermal and cortical cells. The identity of these systems and their regulation is beginning to be understood and the systems of K(+) transport in the model species Arabidopsis thaliana remain far better characterized than in any other plant species. Roots can activate different K(+) uptake systems to adapt to their environment, important to a sessile organism that needs to cope with a highly variable environment. The mechanisms of K(+) acquisition in the model species A. thaliana are the best characterized at the molecular level so far. According to the current model, non-selective channels are probably the main pathways for K(+) uptake at high concentrations (>10mM), while at intermediate concentrations (1mM), the inward rectifying channel AKT1 dominates K(+) uptake. Under lower concentrations of external K(+) (100μM), AKT1 channels, together with the high-affinity K(+) uptake system HAK5 contribute to K(+) acquisition, and at extremely low concentrations (<10μM) the only system capable of taking up K(+) is HAK5. Depending on the species the high-affinity system has been named HAK5 or HAK1, but in all cases it fulfills the same functions. The activation of these systems as a function of the K(+) availability is achieved by different mechanisms that include phosphorylation of AKT1 or induction of HAK5 transcription. Some of the characteristics of the systems for root K(+) uptake are shared by other organisms, whilst others are specific to plants. This indicates that some crucial properties of the ancestral of K(+) transport systems have been conserved through evolution while others have diverged among different kingdoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando Alemán
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Francisco Rubio
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Hamamoto S, Uozumi N. Organelle-localized potassium transport systems in plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:743-7. [PMID: 24810770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2013.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Some intracellular organelles found in eukaryotes such as plants have arisen through the endocytotic engulfment of prokaryotic cells. This accounts for the presence of plant membrane intrinsic proteins that have homologs in prokaryotic cells. Other organelles, such as those of the endomembrane system, are thought to have evolved through infolding of the plasma membrane. Acquisition of intracellular components (organelles) in the cells supplied additional functions for survival in various natural environments. The organelles are surrounded by biological membranes, which contain membrane-embedded K(+) transport systems allowing K(+) to move across the membrane. K(+) transport systems in plant organelles act coordinately with the plasma membrane intrinsic K(+) transport systems to maintain cytosolic K(+) concentrations. Since it is sometimes difficult to perform direct studies of organellar membrane proteins in plant cells, heterologous expression in yeast and Escherichia coli has been used to elucidate the function of plant vacuole K(+) channels and other membrane transporters. The vacuole is the largest organelle in plant cells; it has an important task in the K(+) homeostasis of the cytoplasm. The initial electrophysiological measurements of K(+) transport have categorized three classes of plant vacuolar cation channels, and since then molecular cloning approaches have led to the isolation of genes for a number of K(+) transport systems. Plants contain chloroplasts, derived from photoautotrophic cyanobacteria. A novel K(+) transport system has been isolated from cyanobacteria, which may add to our understanding of K(+) flux across the thylakoid membrane and the inner membrane of the chloroplast. This chapter will provide an overview of recent findings regarding plant organellar K(+) transport proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin Hamamoto
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aobayama 6-6-07, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Uozumi
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aobayama 6-6-07, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Osakabe Y, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Shinozaki K, Tran LSP. ABA control of plant macroelement membrane transport systems in response to water deficit and high salinity. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 202:35-49. [PMID: 24283512 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and productivity are adversely affected by various abiotic stressors and plants develop a wide range of adaptive mechanisms to cope with these adverse conditions, including adjustment of growth and development brought about by changes in stomatal activity. Membrane ion transport systems are involved in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis during exposure to stress and ion transport activity is regulated by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation networks that respond to stress conditions. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA), which is produced rapidly in response to drought and salinity stress, plays a critical role in the regulation of stress responses and induces a series of signaling cascades. ABA signaling involves an ABA receptor complex, consisting of an ABA receptor family, phosphatases and kinases: these proteins play a central role in regulating a variety of diverse responses to drought stress, including the activities of membrane-localized factors, such as ion transporters. In this review, recent research on signal transduction networks that regulate the function ofmembrane transport systems in response to stress, especially water deficit and high salinity, is summarized and discussed. The signal transduction networks covered in this review have central roles in mitigating the effect of stress by maintaining plant homeostasis through the control of membrane transport systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Osakabe
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 3-1-1 Kouyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Kazuko Yamaguchi-Shinozaki
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kazuo Shinozaki
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 3-1-1 Kouyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Wang TT, Ren ZJ, Liu ZQ, Feng X, Guo RQ, Li BG, Li LG, Jing HC. SbHKT1;4, a member of the high-affinity potassium transporter gene family from Sorghum bicolor, functions to maintain optimal Na⁺ /K⁺ balance under Na⁺ stress. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 56:315-32. [PMID: 24325391 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In halophytic plants, the high-affinity potassium transporter HKT gene family can selectively uptake K⁺ in the presence of toxic concentrations of Na⁺. This has so far not been well examined in glycophytic crops. Here, we report the characterization of SbHKT1;4, a member of the HKT gene family from Sorghum bicolor. Upon Na⁺ stress, SbHKT1;4 expression was more strongly upregulated in salt-tolerant sorghum accession, correlating with a better balanced Na⁺ /K⁺ ratio and enhanced plant growth. Heterogeneous expression analyses in mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Arabidopsis thaliana indicated that overexpressing SbHKT1;4 resulted in hypersensitivity to Na⁺ stress, and such hypersensitivity could be alleviated with the supply of elevated levels of K⁺, implicating that SbHKT1;4 may mediate K⁺ uptake in the presence of excessive Na⁺. Further electrophysiological evidence demonstrated that SbHKT1;4 could transport Na⁺ and K⁺ when expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. The relevance of the finding that SbHKT1;4 functions to maintain optimal Na⁺ /K⁺ balance under Na⁺ stress to the breeding of salt-tolerant glycophytic crops is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Tian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Sato Y, Nanatani K, Hamamoto S, Shimizu M, Takahashi M, Tabuchi-Kobayashi M, Mizutani A, Schroeder JI, Souma S, Uozumi N. Defining membrane spanning domains and crucial membrane-localized acidic amino acid residues for K+ transport of a Kup/HAK/KT-type Escherichia coli potassium transporter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 155:315-23. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvu007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
|
49
|
Yamaguchi T, Hamamoto S, Uozumi N. Sodium transport system in plant cells. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:410. [PMID: 24146669 PMCID: PMC3797977 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Since sodium, Na, is a non-essential element for the plant growth, the molecular mechanism of Na(+) transport system in plants has remained elusive for the last two decades. The accumulation of Na(+) in soil through irrigation for sustainable agricultural crop production, particularly in arid land, and by changes in environmental and climate conditions leads to the buildup of toxic level of salts in the soil. Since the latter half of the twentieth century, extensive molecular research has identified several classes of Na(+) transporters that play major roles in the alleviation of ionic stress by excluding toxic Na(+) from the cytosol or preventing Na(+) transport to the photosynthetic organs, and also in osmotic stress by modulating intra/extracellular osmotic balance. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of three major Na(+) transporters, namely NHX, SOS1, and HKT transporters, including recently revealed characteristics of these transporters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Yamaguchi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life SciencesNiigata, Japan
| | - Shin Hamamoto
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku UniversitySendai, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Uozumi
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku UniversitySendai, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Asins MJ, Villalta I, Aly MM, Olías R, Alvarez DE Morales P, Huertas R, Li J, Jaime-Pérez N, Haro R, Raga V, Carbonell EA, Belver A. Two closely linked tomato HKT coding genes are positional candidates for the major tomato QTL involved in Na+ /K+ homeostasis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2013; 36:1171-91. [PMID: 23216099 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The location of major quantitative trait loci (QTL) contributing to stem and leaf [Na(+) ] and [K(+) ] was previously reported in chromosome 7 using two connected populations of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of tomato. HKT1;1 and HKT1;2, two tomato Na(+) -selective class I-HKT transporters, were found to be closely linked, where the maximum logarithm of odds (LOD) score for these QTLs located. When a chromosome 7 linkage map based on 278 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was used, the maximum LOD score position was only 35 kb from HKT1;1 and HKT1;2. Their expression patterns and phenotypic effects were further investigated in two near-isogenic lines (NILs): 157-14 (double homozygote for the cheesmaniae alleles) and 157-17 (double homozygote for the lycopersicum alleles). The expression pattern for the HKT1;1 and HKT1;2 alleles was complex, possibly because of differences in their promoter sequences. High salinity had very little effect on root dry and fresh weight and consequently on the plant dry weight of NIL 157-14 in comparison with 157-17. A significant difference between NILs was also found for [K(+) ] and the [Na(+) ]/[K(+) ] ratio in leaf and stem but not for [Na(+) ] arising a disagreement with the corresponding RIL population. Their association with leaf [Na(+) ] and salt tolerance in tomato is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria José Asins
- Plant Protection and Biotechnology Center, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), E46113, Valencia, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|