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Zhan Q, Wang J, Zhang H, Zhang L. E3 ubiquitin ligase on the biological properties of hematopoietic stem cell. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:543-556. [PMID: 37081103 PMCID: PMC10163092 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02315-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells are a group of heterogeneity cells with the potential to differentiate into various types of mature blood cells. Their basic biological properties include quiescence, self-renewal, multilineage differentiation, and homing ability, with the homing of exogenous hematopoietic stem cells after transplantation becoming a new focus, while the first three properties share some similarity in mechanism due to connectivity. In various complex mechanisms, the role of E3 ubiquitin ligases in hematopoietic homeostasis and malignant transformation is receiving increasing attention. As a unique part, E3 ubiquitin ligases play an important role in physiological regulation mechanism of posttranslational modification. In this review, we focus on the recent progress of the crucial role of E3 ubiquitin ligases that target specific proteins for ubiquitination to regulate biological properties of hematopoietic stem cells. Additionally, this paper deals with E3 ubiquitin ligases that affect the biological properties through aging and summarizes the relevant applications of targeting E3 ligases in hematopoietic malignancies. We present some ideas on the clinical application of E3 ubiquitin ligase to regulate hematopoietic stem cells and also believe that it is meaningful to study the upstream signal of these E3 ubiquitin ligases because hematopoietic stem cell dysfunction is caused by deficiency of some E3 ligases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianru Zhan
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Heyang Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Heazlewood SY, Ahmad T, Cao B, Cao H, Domingues M, Sun X, Heazlewood CK, Li S, Williams B, Fulton M, White JF, Nebl T, Nefzger CM, Polo JM, Kile BT, Kraus F, Ryan MT, Sun YB, Choong PFM, Ellis SL, Anko ML, Nilsson SK. High ploidy large cytoplasmic megakaryocytes are hematopoietic stem cells regulators and essential for platelet production. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2099. [PMID: 37055407 PMCID: PMC10102126 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37780-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Megakaryocytes (MK) generate platelets. Recently, we and others, have reported MK also regulate hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Here we show high ploidy large cytoplasmic megakaryocytes (LCM) are critical negative regulators of HSC and critical for platelet formation. Using a mouse knockout model (Pf4-Srsf3Δ/Δ) with normal MK numbers, but essentially devoid of LCM, we demonstrate a pronounced increase in BM HSC concurrent with endogenous mobilization and extramedullary hematopoiesis. Severe thrombocytopenia is observed in animals with diminished LCM, although there is no change in MK ploidy distribution, uncoupling endoreduplication and platelet production. When HSC isolated from a microenvironment essentially devoid of LCM reconstitute hematopoiesis in lethally irradiated mice, the absence of LCM increases HSC in BM, blood and spleen, and the recapitulation of thrombocytopenia. In contrast, following a competitive transplant using minimal numbers of WT HSC together with HSC from a microenvironment with diminished LCM, sufficient WT HSC-generated LCM regulates a normal HSC pool and prevents thrombocytopenia. Importantly, LCM are conserved in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Y Heazlewood
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tanveer Ahmad
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Benjamin Cao
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Huimin Cao
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Melanie Domingues
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xuan Sun
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chad K Heazlewood
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Songhui Li
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brenda Williams
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Madeline Fulton
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jacinta F White
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tom Nebl
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christian M Nefzger
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jose M Polo
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Benjamin T Kile
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Felix Kraus
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael T Ryan
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yu B Sun
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter F M Choong
- Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcoma Service, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Orthopaedics, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah L Ellis
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Minna-Liisa Anko
- Centre for Reproductive Health and Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Susan K Nilsson
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Day -1 CD34+ Cells and Platelet Count Predict the Number of Apheresis in Poor-Mobilizer Patients Rescued by Plerixafor. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12020618. [PMID: 36675546 PMCID: PMC9866585 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12020618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Plerixafor is widely used as up-front treatment with G-CSF to enhance peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell output in patients failing previous mobilizations. Less frequently, plerixafor is used to rescue an unsatisfactory mobilization following chemotherapy (CT) and G-CSF. This study investigates if pre-collection factors affect the CD34+ cell harvest in chemotherapy and G-CSF mobilizations rescued by plerixafor. Clinical and hematological data relative to patients, mobilization, and apheresis products were retrospectively examined. The outcome was completing a target cell dose ≥ 2 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg at first apheresis. The effect exerted on the outcome by patient- and disease-related factors was investigated by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. The analysis included data from 42 patients affected by hematological (39 patients) and non-hematological malignancies (three patients). Twenty-nine patients (69%) attained the target cell dose at first apheresis. Twelve out of the remaining 13 patients received an additional plerixafor administration, and all accomplished the transplant dose at a second apheresis procedure. Day -1 CD34+ PB count (OR1.46, 95% CI 1.1-1.9, p = 0.008) and platelet count (OR1.0, 95% CI 1.0-1.0, p = 0.033) predicted the achievement of the target dose at first apheresis, independently of pre-mobilization CT, radiation therapy, and disease status at mobilization. At ROC curve analysis, the best cut-off value predicting the successful collection at first apheresis was 7.5/µL for Day -1 CD34+ cell count (AUC 0.830, 0.69 sensitivity, and 0.92 specificity) and 75 × 109/L for Day -1 platelet count (AUC = 0.736, 0.65 sensitivity and 0.85 specificity). In conclusion, on-demand plerixafor rescue allows a successful stem cell collection, irrespectively of disease type and status, prior CT lines, and radiation exposure. Pre-apheresis CD34+ cells and platelet count predict the need for one or two aphereses.
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4
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Hsu TL, Tsai CK, Liu CY, Yeh CM, Lin FL, Hsiao LT, Liu YC, Wang HY, Ko PS, Lin TA, Chen WC, Chen PM, Liu JH, Gau JP, Liu CJ. Risk Factors and Outcomes of Stem Cell Mobilization Failure in Multiple Myeloma Patients. Transfus Med Hemother 2022; 50:39-50. [PMID: 36818774 PMCID: PMC9912005 DOI: 10.1159/000525565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is a well-established treatment for patients with multiple myeloma (MM), and adequate stem cell collection must be assured before ASCT. However, prediction of poor mobilizers (PMs) is still difficult despite several risk factors for mobilization failure having been identified. Methods We retrospectively analyzed MM patients at Taipei Veterans General Hospital in Taiwan who underwent stem cell collection between October 2006 and August 2020. A CD34+ cell collection of <1 × 106 cells/kg was defined as a mobilization failure. The primary endpoint was mobilization failure. The secondary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mobilization failure were calculated using a logistic regression model. The cumulative incidence of mortality was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results In the multivariate analysis, absolute monocyte count <500/µL (adjusted OR 10.75, 95% CI: 1.82-63.57, p = 0.009), platelet count <150,000/µL (adjusted OR 12.49, 95% CI: 2.65-58.89, p = 0.001) before mobilization, and time interval from diagnosis to stem cell harvest ≥180 days (adjusted OR 7.69, 95% CI: 1.61-36.87, p = 0.011) were risk factors for PMs. PM patients had poorer OS compared to patients with successful stem cell collection in the univariate analysis (log-rank test p = 0.027). The predicted probability of PMs was estimated by the multiple logistic regression model with a sensitivity of 84.6% and a specificity of 84.0%. Conclusion Absolute monocyte count <500/µL, platelet count <150,000/µL, and treatment duration more than 180 days before stem cell mobilization are risk factors for unsuccessful stem cell collection. Our prediction models have high sensitivity and specificity for mobilization failure prediction and allow for early interventions for possible PMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te-Lin Hsu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Kuang Tsai
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan,School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Liu
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan,Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Mei Yeh
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan,Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Fen-Lan Lin
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Tsai Hsiao
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan,School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chung Liu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan,School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Yuan Wang
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan,School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Po-Shen Ko
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan,School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ting-An Lin
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan,School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chun Chen
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan,School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Po-Min Chen
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan,School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Hwang Liu
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan,Chong Hin Loon Memorial Cancer and Biotherapy Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Pyng Gau
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan,School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jen Liu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan,School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan,Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan,*Chia-Jen Liu,
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5
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Gao L, Decker M, Chen H, Ding L. Thrombopoietin from hepatocytes promotes hematopoietic stem cell regeneration after myeloablation. eLife 2021; 10:e69894. [PMID: 34463253 PMCID: PMC8457823 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow niche plays critical roles in hematopoietic recovery and hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) regeneration after myeloablative stress. However, it is not clear whether systemic factors beyond the local niche are required for these essential processes in vivo. Thrombopoietin (THPO) is a key cytokine promoting hematopoietic rebound after myeloablation and its transcripts are expressed by multiple cellular sources. The upregulation of bone marrow-derived THPO has been proposed to be crucial for hematopoietic recovery and HSC regeneration after stress. Nonetheless, the cellular source of THPO in myeloablative stress has never been investigated genetically. We assessed the functional sources of THPO following two common myeloablative perturbations: 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) administration and irradiation. Using a Thpo translational reporter, we found that the liver but not the bone marrow is the major source of THPO protein after myeloablation. Mice with conditional Thpo deletion from osteoblasts and/or bone marrow stromal cells showed normal recovery of HSCs and hematopoiesis after myeloablation. In contrast, mice with conditional Thpo deletion from hepatocytes showed significant defects in HSC regeneration and hematopoietic rebound after myeloablation. Thus, systemic THPO from the liver is necessary for HSC regeneration and hematopoietic recovery in myeloablative stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Gao
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United StatesNew YorkUnited States
| | - Matthew Decker
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United StatesNew YorkUnited States
| | - Haidee Chen
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United StatesNew YorkUnited States
| | - Lei Ding
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United StatesNew YorkUnited States
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6
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Yan L, Ren Z, Wang J, Xia X, Yang L, Miao J, Xu F, Gao W, Yang J. The Correlation Between Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Platelet Metabolism in Preterm Infants. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:670469. [PMID: 34900853 PMCID: PMC8652141 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.670469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Platelets play an important role in the formation of pulmonary blood vessels, and thrombocytopenia is common in patients with pulmonary diseases. However, a few studies have reported on the role of platelets in bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Objective: The objective of the study was to explore the relationship between platelet metabolism and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants. Methods: A prospective case-control study was performed in a cohort of premature infants (born with a gestational age <32 weeks and a birth weight <1,500 g) from June 1, 2017 to June 1, 2018. Subjects were stratified into two groups according to the diagnostic of bronchopulmonary dysplasia: with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD group) and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia (control group). Platelet count, circulating megakaryocyte count (MK), platelet-activating markers (CD62P and CD63), and thrombopoietin (TPO) were recorded and compared in two groups 28 days after birth; then serial thrombopoietin levels and concomitant platelet counts were measured in infants with BPD. Results: A total of 252 premature infants were included in this study. Forty-eight premature infants developed BPD, 48 premature infants without BPD in the control group who were matched against the study infants for gestational age, birth weight, and admission diagnosis at the age of postnatal day 28. Compared with the controls, infants with BPD had significantly lower peripheral platelet count [BPD vs. controls: 180.3 (24.2) × 109/L vs. 345.6 (28.5) × 109/L, p = 0.001]. Circulating MK count in the BPD group was significantly more abundant than that in the control group [BPD vs. controls: 30.7 (4.5)/ml vs. 13.3 (2.6)/ml, p = 0.025]. The level of CD62p, CD63, and TPO in BPD group was significantly higher than the control group [29.7 (3.1%) vs. 14.5 (2.5%), 15.4 (2.0%) vs. 5.8 (1.7%), 301.4 (25.9) pg/ml vs. 120.4 (14.2) pg/ml, all p < 0.05]. Furthermore, the concentration of TPO was negatively correlated with platelet count in BPD group with thrombocytopenia. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that platelet metabolism is involved in the development of BPD in preterm infants. The possible mechanism might be through increased platelet activation and promoted TPO production by feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longli Yan
- Department of Neonatology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuxiao Ren
- Department of Neonatology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianlan Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Xia
- Department of Neonatology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liling Yang
- Department of Neonatology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Miao
- Department of Neonatology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Department of Neonatology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Gao
- Department of Neonatology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Neonatology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Sezaki M, Hayashi Y, Wang Y, Johansson A, Umemoto T, Takizawa H. Immuno-Modulation of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells in Inflammation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:585367. [PMID: 33329562 PMCID: PMC7732516 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.585367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifelong blood production is maintained by bone marrow (BM)-residing hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that are defined by two special properties: multipotency and self-renewal. Since dysregulation of either may lead to a differentiation block or extensive proliferation causing dysplasia or neoplasia, the genomic integrity and cellular function of HSCs must be tightly controlled and preserved by cell-intrinsic programs and cell-extrinsic environmental factors of the BM. The BM had been long regarded an immune-privileged organ shielded from immune insults and inflammation, and was thereby assumed to provide HSCs and immune cells with a protective environment to ensure blood and immune homeostasis. Recently, accumulating evidence suggests that hemato-immune challenges such as autoimmunity, inflammation or infection elicit a broad spectrum of immunological reactions in the BM, and in turn, influence the function of HSCs and BM environmental cells. Moreover, in analogy with the emerging concept of “trained immunity”, certain infection-associated stimuli are able to train HSCs and progenitors to produce mature immune cells with enhanced responsiveness to subsequent challenges, and in some cases, form an inflammatory or infectious memory in HSCs themselves. In this review, we will introduce recent findings on HSC and hematopoietic regulation upon exposure to various hemato-immune stimuli and discuss how these challenges can elicit either beneficial or detrimental outcomes on HSCs and the hemato-immune system, as well as their relevance to aging and hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Sezaki
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Stress, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Hayashi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Stress, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Engineering, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Division of Functional Structure, Department of Morphological Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Stress, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Alban Johansson
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Stress, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Engineering, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Terumasa Umemoto
- Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Engineering, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Takizawa
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Stress, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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8
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Low baseline platelet count predicts poor response to plerixafor in patients with multiple myeloma undergoing autologous stem cell mobilization. Cytotherapy 2019; 22:16-20. [PMID: 31879152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2019.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Baseline platelet count has been shown to be a sensitive predictor of autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell collection yield in patients with multiple myeloma mobilized with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Patients who mobilize poorly with G-CSF are often treated with plerixafor to enhance mobilization. There are no surrogate markers available to predict response to plerixafor. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed data from 73 patients with multiple myeloma who did not have adequate mobilization with G-CSF alone and were treated with plerixafor as a rescue agent. RESULTS We found that baseline platelet count directly correlated with peripheral blood CD34+ (PB-CD34+) count after plerixafor treatment (r = 0.36, P < 0.0001) and the number of PB-CD34+ cells collected on the first day of apheresis and inversely correlated with the number of apheresis sessions needed to collect the target number of PB-CD34+ cells (P = 0.0015). Baseline platelet count of 153 000/µL or less was associated with 90% specificity of predicting poor response to plerixafor with a sensitivity of 33%. CONCLUSIONS Baseline platelet count is a good predictor of mobilization response to plerixafor in patients with multiple myeloma.
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9
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Nakamura-Ishizu A, Suda T. Multifaceted roles of thrombopoietin in hematopoietic stem cell regulation. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1466:51-58. [PMID: 31292976 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Thrombopoietin (Thpo) and its receptor myeloid proliferative leukemia (Mpl) were initially identified as the cytokine signaling that stimulates megakaryopoiesis and platelet production. However, Thpo-Mpl signaling has also been widely characterized as one of the few cytokine systems that directly regulates hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. The ability of Thpo signaling to stimulate hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal has led to the development and utilization of Thpo mimetic drugs to treat hematopoietic diseases with restricted function of HSCs, such as aplastic anemia. This review will cover the mechanisms by which Thpo-Mpl signaling regulates HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Toshio Suda
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto City, Japan
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10
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Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation requires the trithorax protein Ash2l. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8262. [PMID: 31164666 PMCID: PMC6547667 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44720-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications of core histones participate in controlling the expression of genes. Methylation of lysine 4 of histone H3 (H3K4), together with acetylation of H3K27, is closely associated with open chromatin and gene transcription. H3K4 methylation is catalyzed by KMT2 lysine methyltransferases that include the mixed-lineage leukemia 1–4 (MLL1-4) and SET1A and B enzymes. For efficient catalysis, all six require a core complex of four proteins, WDR5, RBBP5, ASH2L, and DPY30. We report that targeted disruption of Ash2l in the murine hematopoietic system results in the death of the mice due to a rapid loss of mature hematopoietic cells. However, lin−Sca1+Kit+ (LSK) cells, which are highly enriched in hematopoietic stem and multi-potent progenitor cells, accumulated in the bone marrow. The loss of Ash2l resulted in global reduction of H3K4 methylation and deregulated gene expression, including down-regulation of many mitosis-associated genes. As a consequence, LSK cells accumulated in the G2-phase of the cell cycle and were unable to proliferate and differentiate. In conclusion, Ash2l is essential for balanced gene expression and for hematopoietic stem and multi-potent progenitor cell physiology.
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11
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Endothelial protein C receptor supports hematopoietic stem cell engraftment and expansion in Mpl-deficient mice. Blood 2019; 133:1465-1478. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-03-837344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Thrombopoietin (Thpo)/myeloproliferative leukemia virus oncogene (Mpl) signaling controls hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal and quiescence; however, how these 2 seemingly opposing functions are controlled is not well understood. By transplantation of lentiviral-transduced hematopoietic cells in the Mpl-deficient mouse model, we addressed whether known or predicted Thpo target genes were able to rescue the Mpl-deficient phenotype of the mice. Among the tested genes, we identified endothelial protein C receptor (Epcr) to expand HSCs with the long-term (LT)-HSC surface phenotype in Mpl−/− mice and to enable secondary transplantation of Mpl-deficient bone marrow (BM). Epcr-transduced Mpl−/− HSCs enter quiescence earlier after transplantation than control-transduced Mpl−/− cells, and upregulated expression of the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-xL. Also, in the wild-type background, Epcr expression marked the engrafting population in the BM. Furthermore, Epcr expression in Mpl−/− hematopoiesis increased the number of megakaryocytes in the BM. In vitro Thpo supported the surface expression of Epcr on primary murine hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. With these data, we add new insights into Thpo-dependent influence on HSC engraftment after transplantation. This may be of use for the in vitro manipulation of HSCs, also in the context of gene therapy.
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12
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Intrinsic apoptosis circumvents the functional decline of circulating platelets but does not cause the storage lesion. Blood 2018; 132:197-209. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-11-816355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Key Points
BAK/BAX depletion in murine platelets reveals that intrinsic apoptosis is not required for the development of the platelet storage lesion. Restriction of platelet life span by intrinsic apoptosis is pivotal to maintain a functional, hemostatically reactive platelet population.
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13
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Kurkewich JL, Boucher A, Klopfenstein N, Baskar R, Kapur R, Dahl R. The mirn23a and mirn23b microrna clusters are necessary for proper hematopoietic progenitor cell production and differentiation. Exp Hematol 2017; 59:14-29. [PMID: 29288704 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mice deficient for microRNA (miRNA) cluster mirn23a exhibit increased B lymphopoiesis at the expense of myelopoiesis, whereas hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) populations are unchanged. Mammals possess a paralogous mirn23b gene that can give rise to three mature miRNAs (miR-23b, miR-24-1, and miR-27b) that have identical seed/mRNA-targeting sequences to their mirn23a counterparts. To assess whether compound deletion of mirn23a and mirn23b exacerbates the hematopoietic phenotype observed in mirn23a-/- mice, we generated a compound mirn23a-/-mirn23bfl/fl:Mx1-Cre conditional knockout mouse and assayed hematopoietic development after excision of mirn23b. Loss of both genes in adult bone marrow further skewed HSPC differentiation toward B cells at the expense of myeloid cells, demonstrating a dosage-dependent effect on regulating cell differentiation. Strikingly, double-knockout (DKO) mice had decreased bone marrow cellularity with significantly decreased hematopoietic stem cell and HSPC populations, a phenotype not observed in mice deficient for mirn23a alone. Competitive transplantation assays showed decreased contribution of mirn23a-/-mirn23b-/- HSPCs to hematopoietic lineages at 6 and 12 weeks after transplantation. Defects in the proliferation of mirn23a-/-b-/- HSPCs was not observed; however, DKO cells were more apoptotic compared with both wild-type and mirn23a-/- cells. Together, our data show that complete loss of mirn23a/mirn23b miRNAs results in decreased blood production and affects lineage output in a concentration-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Kurkewich
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA; Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN, USA
| | - Austin Boucher
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA; Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN, USA
| | - Nathan Klopfenstein
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN, USA
| | - Ramdas Baskar
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Reuben Kapur
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Richard Dahl
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA; Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN, USA.
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14
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Altered B-lymphopoiesis in mice with deregulated thrombopoietin signaling. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14953. [PMID: 29097774 PMCID: PMC5668349 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15023-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombopoietin (TPO) is the master cytokine regulator of megakaryopoiesis. In addition to regulation of megakaryocyte and platelet number, TPO is important for maintaining proper hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function. It was previously shown that a number of lymphoid genes were upregulated in HSCs from Tpo−/− mice. We investigated if absent or enhanced TPO signaling would influence normal B-lymphopoiesis. Absent TPO signaling in Mpl−/− mice led to enrichment of a common lymphoid progenitor (CLP) signature in multipotential lineage-negative Sca-1+c-Kit+ (LSK) cells and an increase in CLP formation. Moreover, Mpl−/− mice exhibited increased numbers of PreB2 and immature B-cells in bone marrow and spleen, with an increased proportion of B-lymphoid cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Conversely, elevated TPO signaling in TpoTg mice was associated with reduced B-lymphopoiesis. Although at steady state, peripheral blood lymphocyte counts were normal in both models, Mpl−/− Eµ-myc mice showed an enhanced preneoplastic phase with increased numbers of splenic PreB2 and immature B-cells, a reduced quiescent fraction, and augmented blood lymphocyte counts. Thus, although Mpl is not expressed on lymphoid cells, TPO signaling may indirectly influence B-lymphopoiesis and the preneoplastic state in Myc-driven B-cell lymphomagenesis by lineage priming in multipotential progenitor cells.
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15
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Vicente-Ayuso C, Papadopoulos P, Villa-Fajardo M, Prieto B, Álvarez-Carmona AM, Mateo-Morales M, Pérez-López C, Peña-Cortijo A, Polo-Zarzuela M, Sáez I, Martín MP, Benavente-Cuesta C, González-Fernández A, Martínez-Martínez R, Zwaginga JJ, Seghatchian J, Gutiérrez L. Identification of underlying and transfusion-related platelet qualitative alterations in the hemato-oncologic patient. Transfus Apher Sci 2017; 56:756-768. [PMID: 28970003 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2017.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hemato-oncologic patients with chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia are one of the populations receiving platelet transfusions. The general practice with these patients is to give prophylactic platelet transfusions when platelet counts fall below 10×109PLT/L. However, in more than 40% of these patients, platelet transfusion does not prevent bleeding. The reason of the low efficacy of platelet transfusion in the context of chemotherapy patients is not entirely understood. We therefore aimed at immunophenotyping the expression of platelet surface and activation markers and thrombopoietin levels from hemato-oncologic patients before and after transfusion. A more detailed follow-up was performed in three patients that underwent autologous bone marrow transplantation. As previously reported, basal platelet activation was observed in hemato-oncologic patients. Based on flow cytometry parameters, i.e. the percentage of positivity and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) distribution, our data provide an additional interpretation of platelet acquired qualitative changes in the hemato-oncologic patient. From our results we propose: first, the underlying activation of platelets in the hemato-oncologic patient is accompanied by loss of expression of the platelet receptors that are susceptible to protease-mediated shedding; second, soon after transfusion, the newly circulating donor platelets show additional activation, which may result in subsequent platelet receptor recycling and potential accelerated clearance of these activated platelets. In conclusion, the immunophenotype of circulating platelets changes after prophylactic platelet transfusion. Next to platelet count increment, exploration of this immunophenotype might help to explain transfusion refractory bleeding in hemato-oncologic patients. Eventually this may lead to personalization and improvement of the present platelet transfusion support regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Vicente-Ayuso
- Department of Hematology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Petros Papadopoulos
- Department of Hematology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Villa-Fajardo
- Department of Hematology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Prieto
- Department of Hematology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marta Mateo-Morales
- Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Pérez-López
- Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marta Polo-Zarzuela
- Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Sáez
- Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Paz Martín
- Department of Hematology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Celina Benavente-Cuesta
- Department of Hematology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ataúlfo González-Fernández
- Department of Hematology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jaap Jan Zwaginga
- Center for Clinical Transfusion Research, Sanquin Research, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Immunohaematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jerard Seghatchian
- International Consultancy in Blood Components Quality/Safety Improvement and DDR Strategy, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Laura Gutiérrez
- Department of Hematology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
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16
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Borges I, Sena I, Azevedo P, Andreotti J, Almeida V, Paiva A, Santos G, Guerra D, Prazeres P, Mesquita LL, Silva LSDB, Leonel C, Mintz A, Birbrair A. Lung as a Niche for Hematopoietic Progenitors. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2017; 13:567-574. [PMID: 28669077 PMCID: PMC6093188 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-017-9747-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Platelets are released from megakaryocytes. The bone marrow has been proposed to be the major site where this process occurs. Lefrançais et al. (2017) using state-of-the-art techniques including two-photon microscopy, in vivo lineage-tracing technologies, and sophisticated lung transplants reveal that the lung is also a primary site for platelet biogenesis. Strikingly, lung megakaryocytes can completely reconstitute platelet counts in the blood in mice with thrombocytopenia. This study also shows that hematopoietic progenitors, with capacity to repopulate the bone marrow after irradiation, are present in the lungs. This work brings a novel unexpected role for the lung as a niche for hematopoiesis. The emerging knowledge from this research may be important for the treatment of several disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Borges
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Isadora Sena
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Patrick Azevedo
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Julia Andreotti
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Viviani Almeida
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Paiva
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gabryella Santos
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Daniel Guerra
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Pedro Prazeres
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Caroline Leonel
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Akiva Mintz
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Bronx, NY, USA.
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17
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Butcher L, Ahluwalia M, Örd T, Johnston J, Morris RH, Kiss-Toth E, Örd T, Erusalimsky JD. Evidence for a role of TRIB3 in the regulation of megakaryocytopoiesis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6684. [PMID: 28751721 PMCID: PMC5532315 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07096-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Megakaryocytopoiesis is a complex differentiation process driven by the hormone thrombopoietin by which haematopoietic progenitor cells give rise to megakaryocytes, the giant bone marrow cells that in turn break down to form blood platelets. The Tribbles Pseudokinase 3 gene (TRIB3) encodes a pleiotropic protein increasingly implicated in the regulation of cellular differentiation programmes. Previous studies have hinted that TRIB3 could be also involved in megakaryocytopoiesis but its role in this process has so far not been investigated. Using cellular model systems of haematopoietic lineage differentiation here we demonstrate that TRIB3 is a negative modulator of megakaryocytopoiesis. We found that in primary cultures derived from human haematopoietic progenitor cells, thrombopoietin-induced megakaryocytic differentiation led to a time and dose-dependent decrease in TRIB3 mRNA levels. In the haematopoietic cell line UT7/mpl, silencing of TRIB3 increased basal and thrombopoietin-stimulated megakaryocyte antigen expression, as well as basal levels of ERK1/2 phosphorylation. In primary haematopoietic cell cultures, silencing of TRIB3 facilitated megakaryocyte differentiation. In contrast, over-expression of TRIB3 in these cells inhibited the differentiation process. The in-vitro identification of TRIB3 as a negative regulator of megakaryocytopoiesis suggests that in-vivo this gene could be important for the regulation of platelet production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Butcher
- School of Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Tiit Örd
- Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jessica Johnston
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Roger H Morris
- School of Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Endre Kiss-Toth
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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18
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Stability of Control Networks in Autonomous Homeostatic Regulation of Stem Cell Lineages. Bull Math Biol 2017; 80:1345-1365. [PMID: 28508298 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-017-0283-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Design principles of biological networks have been studied extensively in the context of protein-protein interaction networks, metabolic networks, and regulatory (transcriptional) networks. Here we consider regulation networks that occur on larger scales, namely the cell-to-cell signaling networks that connect groups of cells in multicellular organisms. These are the feedback loops that orchestrate the complex dynamics of cell fate decisions and are necessary for the maintenance of homeostasis in stem cell lineages. We focus on "minimal" networks that are those that have the smallest possible numbers of controls. For such minimal networks, the number of controls must be equal to the number of compartments, and the reducibility/irreducibility of the network (whether or not it can be split into smaller independent sub-networks) is defined by a matrix comprised of the cell number increments induced by each of the controlled processes in each of the compartments. Using the formalism of digraphs, we show that in two-compartment lineages, reducible systems must contain two 1-cycles, and irreducible systems one 1-cycle and one 2-cycle; stability follows from the signs of the controls and does not require magnitude restrictions. In three-compartment systems, irreducible digraphs have a tree structure or have one 3-cycle and at least two more shorter cycles, at least one of which is a 1-cycle. With further work and proper biological validation, our results may serve as a first step toward an understanding of ways in which these networks become dysregulated in cancer.
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19
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Lebois M, Dowling MR, Gangatirkar P, Hodgkin PD, Kile BT, Alexander WS, Josefsson EC. Regulation of platelet lifespan in the presence and absence of thrombopoietin signaling. J Thromb Haemost 2016; 14:1882-7. [PMID: 27344013 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Essentials We examined platelet survival in models of absent or enhanced thrombopoietin (TPO) signaling. Platelet lifespan is normal in transgenic mice with chronically enhanced TPO signaling. Mpl deficiency does not negatively affect platelet lifespan in the absence of thrombocytopenia. We conclude that TPO and its receptor Mpl are dispensable for platelet survival in adult mice. SUMMARY Background It is well established that thrombopoietin (TPO), acting via its receptor Mpl, is the major cytokine regulator of platelet biogenesis. The primary mechanism by which TPO signaling stimulates thrombopoiesis is via stimulation of Mpl-expressing hematopoietic progenitors; Mpl on megakaryocytes and platelets acts to control the amount of TPO available. TPO could potentially reduce platelet and/or megakaryocyte apoptosis, and therefore increase the platelet count. However, the effect of TPO receptor signaling on platelet survival is unresolved. Methods and results Here, we investigated platelet survival in mouse models of absent or enhanced TPO signaling. In the absence of thrombocytopenia, Mpl deficiency did not negatively influence platelet lifespan, and nor was platelet survival affected in transgenic mice with chronically increased TPO signaling. Conclusions We conclude that TPO and its receptor Mpl are dispensable for platelet survival in adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lebois
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - M R Dowling
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - P Gangatirkar
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - P D Hodgkin
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - B T Kile
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - W S Alexander
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - E C Josefsson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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20
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Meinders M, Hoogenboezem M, Scheenstra MR, De Cuyper IM, Papadopoulos P, Németh T, Mócsai A, van den Berg TK, Kuijpers TW, Gutiérrez L. Repercussion of Megakaryocyte-Specific Gata1 Loss on Megakaryopoiesis and the Hematopoietic Precursor Compartment. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154342. [PMID: 27152938 PMCID: PMC4859556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During hematopoiesis, transcriptional programs are essential for the commitment and differentiation of progenitors into the different blood lineages. GATA1 is a transcription factor expressed in several hematopoietic lineages and essential for proper erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis. Megakaryocyte-specific genes, such as GP1BA, are known to be directly regulated by GATA1. Mutations in GATA1 can lead to dyserythropoietic anemia and pseudo gray-platelet syndrome. Selective loss of Gata1 expression in adult mice results in macrothrombocytopenia with platelet dysfunction, characterized by an excess of immature megakaryocytes. To specifically analyze the impact of Gata1 loss in mature committed megakaryocytes, we generated Gata1-Lox|Pf4-Cre mice (Gata1cKOMK). Consistent with previous findings, Gata1cKOMK mice are macrothrombocytopenic with platelet dysfunction. Supporting this notion we demonstrate that Gata1 regulates directly the transcription of Syk, a tyrosine kinase that functions downstream of Clec2 and GPVI receptors in megakaryocytes and platelets. Furthermore, we show that Gata1cKOMK mice display an additional aberrant megakaryocyte differentiation stage. Interestingly, these mice present a misbalance of the multipotent progenitor compartment and the erythroid lineage, which translates into compensatory stress erythropoiesis and splenomegaly. Despite the severe thrombocytopenia, Gata1cKOMK mice display a mild reduction of TPO plasma levels, and Gata1cKOMK megakaryocytes show a mild increase in Pf4 mRNA levels; such a misbalance might be behind the general hematopoietic defects observed, affecting locally normal TPO and Pf4 levels at hematopoietic stem cell niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein Meinders
- Dept. of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre (AMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mark Hoogenboezem
- Dept. of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, AMC, UvA, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maaike R. Scheenstra
- Dept. of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre (AMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Iris M. De Cuyper
- Dept. of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre (AMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Petros Papadopoulos
- Dept. of Hematology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Tamás Németh
- Dept. of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE “Lendület” Inflammation Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Mócsai
- Dept. of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE “Lendület” Inflammation Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Timo K. van den Berg
- Dept. of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre (AMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Taco W. Kuijpers
- Dept. of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre (AMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Emma Children’s Hospital, Academic Medical Centre (AMC), UvA, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Laura Gutiérrez
- Dept. of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre (AMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Dept. of Hematology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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21
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Mangel M, Bonsall MB, Aboobaker A. Feedback control in planarian stem cell systems. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2016; 10:17. [PMID: 26873593 PMCID: PMC4752765 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-016-0261-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background In planarian flatworms, the mechanisms underlying the activity of collectively pluripotent adult stem cells (neoblasts) and their descendants can now be studied from the level of the individual gene to the entire animal. Flatworms maintain startling developmental plasticity and regenerative capacity in response to variable nutrient conditions or injury. We develop a model for cell dynamics in such animals, assuming that fully differentiated cells exert feedback control on neoblast activity. Results Our model predicts a number of whole organism level and general cell biological and behaviours, some of which have been empirically observed or inferred in planarians and others that have not. As previously observed empirically we find: 1) a curvilinear relationship between external food and planarian steady state size; 2) the fraction of neoblasts in the steady state is constant regardless of planarian size; 3) a burst of controlled apoptosis during regeneration after amputation as the number of differentiated cells are adjusted towards their homeostatic/steady state level. In addition our model describes the following properties that can inform and be tested by future experiments: 4) the strength of feedback control from differentiated cells to neoblasts (i.e. the activity of the signalling system) and from neoblasts on themselves in relation to absolute number depends upon the level of food in the environment; 5) planarians adjust size when food level reduces initially through increased apoptosis and then through a reduction in neoblast self-renewal activity; 6) following wounding or excision of differentiated cells, different time scales characterize both recovery of size and the two feedback functions; 7) the temporal pattern of feedback controls differs noticeably during recovery from a removal or neoblasts or a removal of differentiated cells; 8) the signaling strength for apoptosis of differentiated cells depends upon both the absolute and relative deviations of the number of differentiated cells from their homeostatic level; and 9) planaria prioritize resource use for cell divisions. Conclusions We offer the first analytical framework for organizing experiments on planarian flatworm stem cell dynamics in a form that allows models to be compared with quantitative cell data based on underlying molecular mechanisms and thus facilitate the interplay between empirical studies and modeling. This framework is the foundation for studying cell migration during wound repair, the determination of homeostatic levels of differentiated cells by natural selection, and stochastic effects. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12918-016-0261-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Mangel
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, University of California, Santa Cruz, 95064, CA, USA. .,Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, 9020, Norway.
| | | | - Aziz Aboobaker
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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22
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Epigenetic Control of Haematopoietic Stem Cell Aging and Its Clinical Implications. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:5797521. [PMID: 26681950 PMCID: PMC4670691 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5797521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging, chronic inflammation, and environmental insults play an important role in a number of disease processes through alterations of the epigenome. In this review we explore how age-related changes in the epigenetic landscape can affect heterogeneity within the haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) compartment and the deriving clinical implications.
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23
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Nakamura-Ishizu A, Takubo K, Kobayashi H, Suzuki-Inoue K, Suda T. CLEC-2 in megakaryocytes is critical for maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. J Exp Med 2015; 212:2133-46. [PMID: 26552707 PMCID: PMC4647260 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20150057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nakamura-Ishizu et al. report that megakaryocytes function as a niche to maintain HSC quiescence through CLEC-2–mediated production of Thpo and other key regulators of HSC function. These findings could enable manipulation of HSCs for clinical application. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) depend on the bone marrow (BM) niche for their maintenance, proliferation, and differentiation. The BM niche is composed of nonhematopoietic and mature hematopoietic cells, including megakaryocytes (Mks). Thrombopoietin (Thpo) is a crucial cytokine produced by BM niche cells. However, the cellular source of Thpo, upon which HSCs primarily depend, is unclear. Moreover, no specific molecular pathway for the regulation of Thpo production in the BM has been identified. Here, we demonstrate that the membrane protein C-type lectin-like receptor-2 (CLEC-2) mediates the production of Thpo and other factors in Mks. Mice conditionally deleted for CLEC-2 in Mks (Clec2MkΔ/Δ) produced lower levels of Thpo in Mks. CLEC-2–deficient Mks showed down-regulation of CLEC-2–related signaling molecules Syk, Lcp2, and Plcg2. Knockdown of these molecules in cultured Mks decreased expression of Thpo. Clec2MkΔ/Δ mice exhibited reduced BM HSC quiescence and repopulation potential, along with extramedullary hematopoiesis. The low level of Thpo production may account for the decline in HSC potential in Clec2MkΔ/Δ mice, as administration of recombinant Thpo to Clec2MkΔ/Δ mice restored stem cell potential. Our study identifies CLEC-2 signaling as a novel molecular mechanism mediating the production of Thpo and other factors for the maintenance of HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Nakamura-Ishizu
- Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599 The Sakaguchi Laboratory, Department of Cell Differentiation, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City 860-0811, Japan
| | - Keiyo Takubo
- The Sakaguchi Laboratory, Department of Cell Differentiation, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kobayashi
- The Sakaguchi Laboratory, Department of Cell Differentiation, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Katsue Suzuki-Inoue
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Toshio Suda
- Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599 The Sakaguchi Laboratory, Department of Cell Differentiation, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City 860-0811, Japan
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24
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Kohlscheen S, Wintterle S, Schwarzer A, Kamp C, Brugman MH, Breuer DC, Büsche G, Baum C, Modlich U. Inhibition of Thrombopoietin/Mpl Signaling in Adult Hematopoiesis Identifies New Candidates for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Maintenance. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131866. [PMID: 26147434 PMCID: PMC4493002 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombopoietin (Thpo) signals via its receptor Mpl and regulates megakaryopoiesis, hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) maintenance and post-transplant expansion. Mpl expression is tightly controlled and deregulation of Thpo/Mpl-signaling is linked to hematological disorders. Here, we constructed an intracellular-truncated, signaling-deficient Mpl protein which is presented on the cell surface (dnMpl). The transplantation of bone marrow cells retrovirally transduced to express dnMpl into wildtype mice induced thrombocytopenia, and a progressive loss of HSC. The aplastic BM allowed the engraftment of a second BM transplant without further conditioning. Functional analysis of the truncated Mpl in vitro and in vivo demonstrated no internalization after Thpo binding and the inhibition of Thpo/Mpl-signaling in wildtype cells due to dominant-negative (dn) effects by receptor competition with wildtype Mpl for Thpo binding. Intracellular inhibition of Mpl could be excluded as the major mechanism by the use of a constitutive-dimerized dnMpl. To further elucidate the molecular changes induced by Thpo/Mpl-inhibition on the HSC-enriched cell population in the BM, we performed gene expression analysis of Lin-Sca1+cKit+ (LSK) cells isolated from mice transplanted with dnMpl transduced BM cells. The gene expression profile supported the exhaustion of HSC due to increased cell cycle progression and identified new and known downstream effectors of Thpo/Mpl-signaling in HSC (namely TIE2, ESAM1 and EPCR detected on the HSC-enriched LSK cell population). We further compared gene expression profiles in LSK cells of dnMpl mice with human CD34+ cells of aplastic anemia patients and identified similar deregulations of important stemness genes in both cell populations. In summary, we established a novel way of Thpo/Mpl inhibition in the adult mouse and performed in depth analysis of the phenotype including gene expression profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Kohlscheen
- Research Group for Gene Modification in Stem Cells, LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy Frankfurt/Main and the Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Hematology; Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sabine Wintterle
- Institute of Experimental Hematology; Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Adrian Schwarzer
- Institute of Experimental Hematology; Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christel Kamp
- Department of Biostatistik, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Germany
| | - Martijn H. Brugman
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel C. Breuer
- Institute of Experimental Hematology; Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Guntram Büsche
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christopher Baum
- Institute of Experimental Hematology; Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ute Modlich
- Research Group for Gene Modification in Stem Cells, LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy Frankfurt/Main and the Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Hematology; Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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25
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Yang J, Sun Z, Komarova NL. Analysis of stochastic stem cell models with control. Math Biosci 2015; 266:93-107. [PMID: 26073965 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the dynamics of stem cell lineages is of central importance both for healthy and cancerous tissues. We study stochastic population dynamics of stem cells and differentiated cells, where cell decisions, such as proliferation vs. differentiation decisions, or division and death decisions, are under regulation from surrounding cells. The goal is to understand how different types of control mechanisms affect the means and variances of cell numbers. We use the assumption of weak dependencies of the regulatory functions (the controls) on the cell populations near the equilibrium to formulate moment equations. We then study three different methods of closure, showing that they all lead to the same results for the highest order terms in the expressions for the moments. We derive simple explicit expressions for the means and the variances of stem cell and differentiated cell numbers. It turns out that the variance is expressed as an algebraic function of partial derivatives of the controls with respect to the population sizes at the equilibrium. We demonstrate that these findings are consistent with the results previously obtained in the context of particular systems, and also present two novel examples with negative and positive control of division and differentiation decisions. This methodology is formulated without any specific assumptions on the functional form of the controls, and thus can be used for any biological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jienian Yang
- Department of Mathematics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, United States
| | - Zheng Sun
- Department of Mathematics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, United States
| | - Natalia L Komarova
- Department of Mathematics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, United States.
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26
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Ahluwalia M, Butcher L, Donovan H, Killick-Cole C, Jones PM, Erusalimsky JD. The gene expression signature of anagrelide provides an insight into its mechanism of action and uncovers new regulators of megakaryopoiesis. J Thromb Haemost 2015; 13:1103-12. [PMID: 25851510 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anagrelide is a cytoreductive agent used to lower platelet counts in essential thrombocythemia. Although the drug has been known to selectively inhibit megakaryopoiesis for many years, the molecular mechanism accounting for this activity is still unclear. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS To address this issue we have compared the global gene expression profiles of human hematopoietic cells treated ex-vivo with and without anagrelide while growing under megakaryocyte differentiation conditions, using high-density oligonucleotide microarrays. Gene expression data were validated by the quantitative polymerase chain reaction and mined to identify functional subsets and regulatory pathways. RESULTS We identified 328 annotated genes differentially regulated by anagrelide, including many genes associated with platelet functions and with the control of gene transcription. Prominent among the latter was TRIB3, whose expression increased in the presence of anagrelide. Pathway analysis revealed that anagrelide up-regulated genes that are under the control of the transcription factor ATF4, a known TRIB3 inducer. Notably, immunoblot analysis demonstrated that anagrelide induced the phosphorylation of eIF2α, which is an upstream regulator of ATF4, and increased ATF4 protein levels. Furthermore, salubrinal, an inhibitor of eIF2α dephosphorylation, increased the expression of ATF4-regulated genes and blocked megakaryocyte growth. CONCLUSIONS These findings link signaling through eIF2α/ATF4 to the anti-megakaryopoietic activity of anagrelide and identify new potential modulators of megakaryopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ahluwalia
- School of Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - L Butcher
- School of Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - H Donovan
- School of Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - C Killick-Cole
- School of Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - P M Jones
- School of Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - J D Erusalimsky
- School of Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
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27
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Brenet F, Scandura JM. Cutting the brakes on hematopoietic regeneration by blocking TGFβ to limit chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression. Mol Cell Oncol 2015; 2:e978703. [PMID: 27308454 PMCID: PMC4905289 DOI: 10.4161/23723556.2014.978703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stressors such as infection, bleeding, or toxic injury trigger a hematopoietic adaptation that sacrifices hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) quiescence to meet an urgent need for new blood cell production. Once the hematopoietic demands are adequately met, homeostasis must be restored. Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling is a central mediator mandating the return of HSPCs to quiescence after stress. Blockade of TGFβ signaling after hematopoietic stress delays the return of cycling HSPCs to quiescence and in so doing promotes hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal and accelerates hematopoietic reconstitution. These findings open the door to new therapeutics that modulate the hematopoietic adaptation to stress. In this review, we will discuss the complex context-dependent activities of TGFβ in hematopoiesis and the potential benefits and limitations of using TGFβ pathway inhibitors to promote multilineage hematopoietic reconstitution after myelosuppressive chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Brenet
- Inserm U1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Signaling, Hematopoiesis and Mechanisms of Oncogenesis; Institut Paoli-Calmettes; Aix-Marseille Université UM 105, CNRS UMR 7258 ; Marseille, France
| | - Joseph M Scandura
- Department of Medicine; Divisions of Hematology-Oncology and Regenerative Medicine; Laboratory of Molecular Hematopoiesis; Weill Cornell Medical College; New York, NY; Weill Cornell Medical College; Regenerative Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Hematopoiesis; New York, NY USA
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28
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Povinelli BJ, Srivastava P, Nemeth MJ. Related-to-receptor tyrosine kinase receptor regulates hematopoietic stem and progenitor sensitivity to myelosuppressive injury in mice. Exp Hematol 2014; 43:243-252.e1. [PMID: 25461251 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2014.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining a careful balance between quiescence and proliferation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) is necessary for lifelong blood formation. Previously, we demonstrated that the Wnt5a ligand inhibits HSPC proliferation through a functional interaction with a noncanonical Wnt ligand receptor termed 'related-to-receptor tyrosine kinase' (Ryk). Expression of Ryk on HSPCs in vivo is associated with a lower rate of proliferation, and, following treatment with fluorouracil (5-FU), the percentage of Ryk(+/high) HSPCs increased and the percentage of Ryk(-/low) HSPCs decreased. Based on these data, we hypothesized that one function of the Ryk receptor is to protect HSPCs from the effects of myeloablative agents. We found that Ryk expression on HSPCs is associated with lower rates of apoptosis following 5-FU and radiation. Transient inhibition of Ryk signaling in vivo resulted in increased hematopoietic-stem-cell proliferation and decreased hematopoietic-stem-cell function in bone marrow transplant assays. Furthermore, inhibition of Ryk signaling sensitized HSPCs to 5-FU treatment in association with increased levels of reactive oxygen species. Together, these results demonstrated an association between Ryk expression and survival of HSPCs following suppressive injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Povinelli
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Pragya Srivastava
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Michael J Nemeth
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, United States; Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, United States.
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29
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Povinelli BJ, Nemeth MJ. Wnt5a regulates hematopoietic stem cell proliferation and repopulation through the Ryk receptor. Stem Cells 2014; 32:105-15. [PMID: 23939973 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Proper regulation of the balance between hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) proliferation, self-renewal, and differentiation is necessary to maintain hematopoiesis throughout life. The Wnt family of ligands has been implicated as critical regulators of these processes through a network of signaling pathways. Previously, we have demonstrated that the Wnt5a ligand can induce HSC quiescence through a noncanonical Wnt pathway, resulting in an increased ability to reconstitute hematopoiesis. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the Ryk protein, a Wnt ligand receptor that can bind the Wnt5a ligand, regulated the response of HSCs to Wnt5a. We observed that inhibiting Ryk blocked the ability of Wnt5a to induce HSC quiescence and enhance short-term and long-term hematopoietic repopulation. We found that Wnt5a suppressed production of reactive oxygen species, a known inducer of HSC proliferation. The ability of Wnt5a to inhibit ROS production was also regulated by Ryk. From these data, we propose that Wnt5a regulates HSC quiescence and hematopoietic repopulation through the Ryk receptor and that this process is mediated by suppression of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Povinelli
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
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30
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Bruns I, Lucas D, Pinho S, Ahmed J, Lambert MP, Kunisaki Y, Scheiermann C, Schiff L, Poncz M, Bergman A, Frenette PS. Megakaryocytes regulate hematopoietic stem cell quiescence through CXCL4 secretion. Nat Med 2014; 20:1315-20. [PMID: 25326802 PMCID: PMC4258871 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 417] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the bone marrow (BM), hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) lodge in specialized microenvironments that tightly control their proliferative state to adapt to the varying needs for replenishment of blood cells while also preventing exhaustion1. All putative niche cells suggested thus far have a non-hematopoietic origin2-8. Thus, it remains unclear how feedback from mature cells is conveyed to HSCs to adjust proliferation. Here we show that megakaryocytes (Mk) can directly regulate HSC pool size. Three-dimensional whole-mount imaging revealed that endogenous HSCs are frequently located adjacent to Mk in a non-random fashion. Selective in vivo depletion of Mk resulted in specific loss of HSC quiescence and led to a marked expansion of functional HSCs. Gene expression analyses revealed that Mk were the source of chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 4 (Cxcl4, also named platelet factor 4, Pf4) in the BM and Cxcl4 injection reduced HSC numbers via increased quiescence. By contrast, Cxcl4−/− mice exhibited increased HSC numbers and proliferation. Combined use of whole-mount imaging and computational modelling was highly suggestive of a megakaryocytic niche capable of influencing independently HSC maintenance by regulating quiescence. Thus, these results indicate that a terminally differentiated HSC progeny contributes to niche activity by directly regulating HSC behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingmar Bruns
- 1] Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA. [2] Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany. [3] Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Daniel Lucas
- 1] Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA. [2] Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Sandra Pinho
- 1] Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA. [2] Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Jalal Ahmed
- 1] Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA. [2] Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA. [3] Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michele P Lambert
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yuya Kunisaki
- 1] Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA. [2] Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Christoph Scheiermann
- 1] Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA. [2] Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Lauren Schiff
- 1] Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA. [2] Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Mortimer Poncz
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Aviv Bergman
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Paul S Frenette
- 1] Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA. [2] Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA. [3] Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA. [4] Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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31
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Stochastic control of proliferation and differentiation in stem cell dynamics. J Math Biol 2014; 71:883-901. [PMID: 25319118 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-014-0835-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In self-renewing tissues, cell lineages consisting of stem cell and classes of daughter cells are the basic units which are responsible for the correct functioning of the organ. Cell proliferation and differentiation in lineages is thought to be mediated by feedback signals. In the simplest case a lineage is comprised of stem cells and differentiated cells. We create a model where stem cell proliferation and differentiation are controlled by the size of cell populations by means of a negative feedback loop. This two-dimensional Markov process allows for an analytical solution for the mean numbers and variances of stem and daughter cells. The mean values and the amounts of variation in cell numbers can be tightly regulated by the parameters of the control loop.
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32
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Székely T, Burrage K, Mangel M, Bonsall MB. Stochastic dynamics of interacting haematopoietic stem cell niche lineages. PLoS Comput Biol 2014; 10:e1003794. [PMID: 25188267 PMCID: PMC4154659 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Since we still know very little about stem cells in their natural environment, it is useful to explore their dynamics through modelling and simulation, as well as experimentally. Most models of stem cell systems are based on deterministic differential equations that ignore the natural heterogeneity of stem cell populations. This is not appropriate at the level of individual cells and niches, when randomness is more likely to affect dynamics. In this paper, we introduce a fast stochastic method for simulating a metapopulation of stem cell niche lineages, that is, many sub-populations that together form a heterogeneous metapopulation, over time. By selecting the common limiting timestep, our method ensures that the entire metapopulation is simulated synchronously. This is important, as it allows us to introduce interactions between separate niche lineages, which would otherwise be impossible. We expand our method to enable the coupling of many lineages into niche groups, where differentiated cells are pooled within each niche group. Using this method, we explore the dynamics of the haematopoietic system from a demand control system perspective. We find that coupling together niche lineages allows the organism to regulate blood cell numbers as closely as possible to the homeostatic optimum. Furthermore, coupled lineages respond better than uncoupled ones to random perturbations, here the loss of some myeloid cells. This could imply that it is advantageous for an organism to connect together its niche lineages into groups. Our results suggest that a potential fruitful empirical direction will be to understand how stem cell descendants communicate with the niche and how cancer may arise as a result of a failure of such communication. Stem cells portend great potential for advances in medicine. However, these advances require detailed understanding of the dynamics of stem cells. In vitro studies are now routine and challenge our preconceptions about stem cell biology, but the dynamics of stem cells in vivo remain poorly understood. Thus, there is a real need for novel computational frameworks for general understanding and predictions about experiments on stem cells in their native environments. By implementing a stochastic model of stem cell dynamics, generically based on the bone marrow system, in a novel, fast and computationally efficient way, we show how different couplings of stem cell niche lineages lead to different predictions about homeostatic control. Understanding the demand control of stem cell systems is essential to both predicting in vivo stem cell dynamics and also how its breakdown may lead to the development of cancers of the blood system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Székely
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Kevin Burrage
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Mathematics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Marc Mangel
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Michael B. Bonsall
- Mathematical Ecology Research Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Mirshekar-Syahkal B, Fitch SR, Ottersbach K. Concise Review: From Greenhouse to Garden: The Changing Soil of the Hematopoietic Stem Cell Microenvironment During Development. Stem Cells 2014; 32:1691-700. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.1680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Mirshekar-Syahkal
- Department of Haematology; Cambridge Institute for Medical Research; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute; University of Cambridge; Cambridge England, United Kingdom
| | - Simon R. Fitch
- Department of Haematology; Cambridge Institute for Medical Research; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute; University of Cambridge; Cambridge England, United Kingdom
| | - Katrin Ottersbach
- Department of Haematology; Cambridge Institute for Medical Research; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute; University of Cambridge; Cambridge England, United Kingdom
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Mpl expression on megakaryocytes and platelets is dispensable for thrombopoiesis but essential to prevent myeloproliferation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:5884-9. [PMID: 24711413 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1404354111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombopoietin (TPO) acting via its receptor, the cellular homologue of the myeloproliferative leukemia virus oncogene (Mpl), is the major cytokine regulator of platelet number. To precisely define the role of specific hematopoietic cells in TPO-dependent hematopoiesis, we generated mice that express the Mpl receptor normally on stem/progenitor cells but lack expression on megakaryocytes and platelets (Mpl(PF4cre/PF4cre)). Mpl(PF4cre/PF4cre) mice displayed profound megakaryocytosis and thrombocytosis with a remarkable expansion of megakaryocyte-committed and multipotential progenitor cells, the latter displaying biological responses and a gene expression signature indicative of chronic TPO overstimulation as the underlying causative mechanism, despite a normal circulating TPO level. Thus, TPO signaling in megakaryocytes is dispensable for platelet production; its key role in control of platelet number is via generation and stimulation of the bipotential megakaryocyte precursors. Nevertheless, Mpl expression on megakaryocytes and platelets is essential to prevent megakaryocytosis and myeloproliferation by restricting the amount of TPO available to stimulate the production of megakaryocytes from the progenitor cell pool.
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Menter DG, Tucker SC, Kopetz S, Sood AK, Crissman JD, Honn KV. Platelets and cancer: a casual or causal relationship: revisited. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2014; 33:231-69. [PMID: 24696047 PMCID: PMC4186918 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-014-9498-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human platelets arise as subcellular fragments of megakaryocytes in bone marrow. The physiologic demand, presence of disease such as cancer, or drug effects can regulate the production circulating platelets. Platelet biology is essential to hemostasis, vascular integrity, angiogenesis, inflammation, innate immunity, wound healing, and cancer biology. The most critical biological platelet response is serving as "First Responders" during the wounding process. The exposure of extracellular matrix proteins and intracellular components occurs after wounding. Numerous platelet receptors recognize matrix proteins that trigger platelet activation, adhesion, aggregation, and stabilization. Once activated, platelets change shape and degranulate to release growth factors and bioactive lipids into the blood stream. This cyclic process recruits and aggregates platelets along with thrombogenesis. This process facilitates wound closure or can recognize circulating pathologic bodies. Cancer cell entry into the blood stream triggers platelet-mediated recognition and is amplified by cell surface receptors, cellular products, extracellular factors, and immune cells. In some cases, these interactions suppress immune recognition and elimination of cancer cells or promote arrest at the endothelium, or entrapment in the microvasculature, and survival. This supports survival and spread of cancer cells and the establishment of secondary lesions to serve as important targets for prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Menter
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
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Shahriyari L, Komarova NL. Symmetric vs. asymmetric stem cell divisions: an adaptation against cancer? PLoS One 2013; 8:e76195. [PMID: 24204602 PMCID: PMC3812169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, it has been held that a central characteristic of stem cells is their ability to divide asymmetrically. Recent advances in inducible genetic labeling provided ample evidence that symmetric stem cell divisions play an important role in adult mammalian homeostasis. It is well understood that the two types of cell divisions differ in terms of the stem cells' flexibility to expand when needed. On the contrary, the implications of symmetric and asymmetric divisions for mutation accumulation are still poorly understood. In this paper we study a stochastic model of a renewing tissue, and address the optimization problem of tissue architecture in the context of mutant production. Specifically, we study the process of tumor suppressor gene inactivation which usually takes place as a consequence of two “hits”, and which is one of the most common patterns in carcinogenesis. We compare and contrast symmetric and asymmetric (and mixed) stem cell divisions, and focus on the rate at which double-hit mutants are generated. It turns out that symmetrically-dividing cells generate such mutants at a rate which is significantly lower than that of asymmetrically-dividing cells. This result holds whether single-hit (intermediate) mutants are disadvantageous, neutral, or advantageous. It is also independent on whether the carcinogenic double-hit mutants are produced only among the stem cells or also among more specialized cells. We argue that symmetric stem cell divisions in mammals could be an adaptation which helps delay the onset of cancers. We further investigate the question of the optimal fraction of stem cells in the tissue, and quantify the contribution of non-stem cells in mutant production. Our work provides a hypothesis to explain the observation that in mammalian cells, symmetric patterns of stem cell division seem to be very common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leili Shahriyari
- Department of Mathematics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
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37
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Abstract
Identifying the exact regulatory circuits that can stably maintain tissue homeostasis is critical for our basic understanding of multicellular organisms, and equally critical for identifying how tumors circumvent this regulation, thus providing targets for treatment. Despite great strides in the understanding of the molecular components of stem-cell regulation, the overall mechanisms orchestrating tissue homeostasis are still far from being understood. Typically, tissue contains the stem cells, transit amplifying cells, and terminally differentiated cells. Each of these cell types can potentially secrete regulatory factors and/or respond to factors secreted by other types. The feedback can be positive or negative in nature. This gives rise to a bewildering array of possible mechanisms that drive tissue regulation. In this paper, we propose a novel method of studying stem cell lineage regulation, and identify possible numbers, types, and directions of control loops that are compatible with stability, keep the variance low, and possess a certain degree of robustness. For example, there are exactly two minimal (two-loop) control networks that can regulate two-compartment (stem and differentiated cell) tissues, and 20 such networks in three-compartment tissues. If division and differentiation decisions are coupled, then there must be a negative control loop regulating divisions of stem cells (e.g. by means of contact inhibition). While this mechanism is associated with the highest robustness, there could be systems that maintain stability by means of positive divisions control, coupled with specific types of differentiation control. Some of the control mechanisms that we find have been proposed before, but most of them are new, and we describe evidence for their existence in data that have been previously published. By specifying the types of feedback interactions that can maintain homeostasis, our mathematical analysis can be used as a guide to experimentally zero in on the exact molecular mechanisms in specific tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia L. Komarova
- Department of Mathematics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
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Cruceru ML, Neagu M, Demoulin JB, Constantinescu SN. Therapy targets in glioblastoma and cancer stem cells: lessons from haematopoietic neoplasms. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 17:1218-35. [PMID: 23998913 PMCID: PMC4159024 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite intense efforts to identify cancer-initiating cells in malignant brain tumours, markers linked to the function of these cells have only very recently begun to be uncovered. The notion of cancer stem cell gained prominence, several molecules and signalling pathways becoming relevant for diagnosis and treatment. Whether a substantial fraction or only a tiny minority of cells in a tumor can initiate and perpetuate cancer, is still debated. The paradigm of cancer-initiating stem cells has initially been developed with respect to blood cancers where chronic conditions such as myeloproliferative neoplasms are due to mutations acquired in a haematopoietic stem cell (HSC), which maintains the normal hierarchy to neoplastic haematopoiesis. In contrast, acute leukaemia transformation of such blood neoplasms appears to derive not only from HSCs but also from committed progenitors that cannot differentiate. This review will focus on putative novel therapy targets represented by markers described to define cancer stem/initiating cells in malignant gliomas, which have been called ‘leukaemia of the brain’, given their rapid migration and evolution. Parallels are drawn with other cancers, especially haematopoietic, given the similar rampant proliferation and treatment resistance of glioblastoma multiforme and secondary acute leukaemias. Genes associated with the malignant conditions and especially expressed in glioma cancer stem cells are intensively searched. Although many such molecules might only coincidentally be expressed in cancer-initiating cells, some may function in the oncogenic process, and those would be the prime candidates for diagnostic and targeted therapy. For the latter, combination therapies are likely to be envisaged, given the robust and plastic signalling networks supporting malignant proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Linda Cruceru
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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Rossi L, Lin KK, Boles NC, Yang L, King KY, Jeong M, Mayle A, Goodell MA. Less is more: unveiling the functional core of hematopoietic stem cells through knockout mice. Cell Stem Cell 2013; 11:302-17. [PMID: 22958929 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) represent one of the first recognized somatic stem cell types. As such, nearly 200 genes have been examined for roles in HSC function in knockout mice. In this review, we compile the majority of these reports to provide a broad overview of the functional modules revealed by these genetic analyses and highlight some key regulatory pathways involved, including cell cycle control, Tgf-β signaling, Pten/Akt signaling, Wnt signaling, and cytokine signaling. Finally, we propose recommendations for characterization of HSC function in knockout mice to facilitate cross-study comparisons that would generate a more cohesive picture of HSC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Rossi
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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40
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CD41 expression marks myeloid-biased adult hematopoietic stem cells and increases with age. Blood 2013; 121:4463-72. [PMID: 23564910 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-09-457929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) compartment is heterogeneous, yet our understanding of the identities of different HSC subtypes is limited. Here we show that platelet integrin CD41 (αIIb), currently thought to only transiently mark fetal HSCs, is expressed on an adult HSC subtype that accumulates with age. CD41+ HSCs were largely quiescent and exhibited myeloerythroid and megakaryocyte gene priming, governed by Gata1, whereas CD41- HSCs were more proliferative and exhibited lymphoid gene priming. When isolated without the use of blocking antibodies, CD41+ HSCs possessed long-term repopulation capacity on serial transplantations and showed a marked myeloid bias compared with CD41- HSCs, which yielded a more lymphoid-biased progeny. CD41-knockout (KO) mice displayed multilineage hematopoietic defects coupled with decreased quiescence and survival of HSCs, suggesting that CD41 is functionally relevant for HSC maintenance and hematopoietic homeostasis. Transplantation experiments indicated that CD41-KO-associated defects are long-term transplantable, HSC-derived and, in part, mediated through the loss of platelet mass leading to decreases in HSC exposure to important platelet released cytokines, such as transforming growth factor β1. In summary, our data provide a novel marker to identify a myeloid-biased HSC subtype that becomes prevalent with age and highlights the dogma of HSC regulation by their progeny.
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41
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Mangel M, Bonsall MB. Stem cell biology is population biology: differentiation of hematopoietic multipotent progenitors to common lymphoid and myeloid progenitors. Theor Biol Med Model 2013; 10:5. [PMID: 23327512 PMCID: PMC3765094 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4682-10-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) system is a demand control system, with the demand coming from the organism, since the products of the common myeloid and lymphoid progenitor (CMP, CLP respectively) cells are essential for activity and defense against disease. We show how ideas from population biology (combining population dynamics and evolutionary considerations) can illuminate the feedback control of the HSC system by the fully differentiated products, which has recently been verified experimentally. We develop models for the penultimate differentiation of HSC Multipotent Progenitors (MPPs) into CLP and CMP and introduce two concepts from population biology into stem cell biology. The first concept is the Multipotent Progenitor Commitment Response (MPCR) which is the probability that a multipotent progenitor cell follows a CLP route rather than a CMP route. The second concept is the link between the MPCR and a measure of Darwinian fitness associated with organismal performance and the levels of differentiated lymphoid and myeloid cells. We show that many MPCRs are consistent with homeostasis, but that they will lead to different dynamics of cells and signals following a wound or injury and thus have different consequences for Darwinian fitness. We show how coupling considerations of life history to dynamics of the HSC system and its products allows one to compute the selective pressures on cellular processes. We discuss ways that this framework can be used and extended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Mangel
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
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42
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Abstract
Abstract
The ATP-binding pocket of the kinase domain of JAK2 is the major target of the present treatment of myeloproliferative neoplasms. Several inhibitors of JAK2 that are ATP competitive have been developed, but they do not discriminate between wild-type and mutant JAK2. These inhibitors have been used in myelofibrosis and, for the first time, treatment induced a reduction in spleen size and in constitutional symptoms. However, no dramatic effects on BM fibrosis, allele burden, or peripheral blast numbers were observed. These data indicate that other avenues should be explored that would either target mutant molecules (JAKs or receptors) more specifically and spare wild-type JAK2 or that would address other pathways that contribute to the malignant proliferation. Future success in treating myeloproliferative neoplasms will depend on advances of the understanding of JAK-STAT signaling and also on a better understanding of the disease pathogenesis, especially the role that mutants in spliceosome factors and epigenetic regulators play in the phenotype of the disease and the precise mechanism of fibrosis development.
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43
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Zhang F, Guo X, Duan C, Wu S, Yu H, Lammi M. Identification of differentially expressed genes and pathways between primary osteoarthritis and endemic osteoarthritis (Kashin-Beck disease). Scand J Rheumatol 2012; 42:71-9. [PMID: 23157206 DOI: 10.3109/03009742.2012.698303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Primary osteoarthritis (OA) and Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) exhibit similar clinical manifestations and common articular cartilage lesions. Revealing the pathogenetic differences between OA and KBD is helpful for differential diagnosis and may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of OA and KBD. In this study, we compared the genome-wide gene ontology (GO) and pathway expression patterns of articular cartilage derived from both OA and KBD patients. METHODS Total RNA was isolated, amplified, labelled, and hybridized using Agilent whole genome microarray analysis. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to identify differentially expressed genes and pathways between OA and KBD. Nine differentially expressed GO categories and 85 differentially expressed pathways were identified by this study. RESULTS The reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related HOUSTIS_ROS pathway and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-related ABE_VEGFA_TARGETS_2HR pathway were significantly up-regulated in OA compared to KBD. Higher expression levels of the collagen-related COLLAGEN GO, EXTRACELLULAR_MATRIX_PART GO, and nitric oxide (NO)-related BIOCARTA_NO1_PATHWAY pathways were detected in KBD than in OA. CONCLUSIONS ROS-induced cartilage lesions seem to be more involved in the pathogenesis of OA whereas NO-mediated chondrocyte apoptosis contributes more to the development of KBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Gene Related Diseases, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P R China
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44
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) mature to form all blood cells and the study into how HSC fate decisions are made has exploded in recent years. In an effort to fully understand the function and organization of HSCs and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs), many groups have identified the microenvironment in which they reside as playing a key role. This review highlights the findings within the last 18 months on the cells and molecules shown to be important within the bone marrow HSC niche for HSC regulation. RECENT FINDINGS Previous research has heavily concentrated on the role of osteoblasts, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), reticular stromal cells, endothelial cells and nerve cells. More recently, research has not only expanded on the role of these cells, but has also shown that mature hematopoietic cells such as macrophages and megakaryocytes are also important in the maintenance of hematopoiesis within the HSC niche. SUMMARY Identifying and understanding the roles of all cells comprising the HSC niche coupled with the development of better 3D imaging and 3D in-vitro mimicking of the HSC niche will increase our understanding of where HSCs reside and how they are regulated. Research will lead to better manipulation of HSCs for mobilization, homing and hematopoietic reconstitution following injury or disease.
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Nakamura-Ishizu A, Suda T. Hematopoietic stem cell niche: an interplay among a repertoire of multiple functional niches. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1830:2404-9. [PMID: 22967757 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche of the BM provides a specialized microenvironment for the regulation of HSCs. The strict control of HSCs by the niche coordinates the balance between the proliferation and the differentiation of HSCs for the homeostasis of the blood system in steady states and during stress hematopoiesis. The osteoblastic and vascular niches are the classically identified constituents of the BM niche. SCOPE OF REVIEW Recent research broadens our understanding of the BM niche as an assembly of multiple niche cells within the BM. We provide an overview of the HSC niche aiming to delineate the defined and possible niche cell interactions which collectively modulate the HSC integrity. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Multiple cells in the BM, including osteoblasts, vascular endothelia, perivascular mesenchymal cells and HSC progeny cells, function conjunctively as niche cells to regulate HSCs. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The study of HSC niche cells and their functions provides insights into stem cell biology and also may be extrapolated into the study of cancer stem cells. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Biochemistry of Stem Cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Nakamura-Ishizu
- Department of Cell Differentiation, The Sakaguchi Laboratory, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
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Thrombopoietin receptor down-modulation by JAK2 V617F: restoration of receptor levels by inhibitors of pathologic JAK2 signaling and of proteasomes. Blood 2012; 119:4625-35. [PMID: 22378845 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-08-372524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The constitutively active JAK2 V617F mutant is the major determinant of human myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). We show that coexpression of murine JAK2 V617F and the murine thrombopoietin (Tpo) receptor (TpoR, c-MPL) in hematopoietic cell lines or heterozygous knock-in of JAK2 V617F in mice leads to down-modulation of TpoR levels. Enhanced TpoR ubiquitinylation, proteasomal degradation, reduced recycling, and maturation are induced by the constitutive JAK2 V617F activity. These effects can be prevented in cell lines by JAK2 and proteasome inhibitors. Restoration of TpoR levels by inhibitors could be detected in platelets from JAK2 inhibitor-treated myelofibrosis patients that express the JAK2 V617F mutant, and in platelets from JAK2 V617F knock-in mice that were treated in vivo with JAK2 or proteasome inhibitors. In addition, we show that Tpo can induce both proliferative and antiproliferative effects via TpoR at low and high JAK2 activation levels, respectively, or on expression of JAK2 V617F. The antiproliferative signaling and receptor down-modulation by JAK2 V617F were dependent on signaling via TpoR cytosolic tyrosine 626. We propose that selection against TpoR antiproliferative signaling occurs by TpoR down-modulation and that restoration of down-modulated TpoR levels could become a biomarker for the treatment of MPNs.
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48
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Characterization of thrombopoietin (TPO)-responsive progenitor cells in adult mouse bone marrow with in vivo megakaryocyte and erythroid potential. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:2364-9. [PMID: 22308484 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1121385109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic progenitor cells are the progeny of hematopoietic stem cells that coordinate the production of precise numbers of mature blood cells of diverse functional lineages. Identification of cell-surface antigen expression associated with hematopoietic lineage restriction has allowed prospective isolation of progenitor cells with defined hematopoietic potential. To clarify further the cellular origins of megakaryocyte commitment, we assessed the in vitro and in vivo megakaryocyte and platelet potential of defined progenitor populations in the adult mouse bone marrow. We show that megakaryocytes arise from CD150(+) bipotential progenitors that display both platelet- and erythrocyte-producing potential in vivo and that can develop from the Flt3(-) fraction of the pregranulocyte-macrophage population. We define a bipotential erythroid-megakaryocyte progenitor population, the CD150(+)CD9(lo)endoglin(lo) fraction of Lin(-)cKit(+)IL7 receptor alpha(-)FcγRII/III(lo)Sca1(-) cells, which contains the bulk of the megakaryocyte colony-forming capacity of the bone marrow, including bipotential megakaryocyte-erythroid colony-forming capacity, and can generate both erythrocytes and platelets efficiently in vivo. This fraction is distinct from the CD150(+)CD9(hi)endoglin(lo) fraction, which contains bipotential precursors with characteristics of increased megakaryocytic maturation, and the CD150(+)CD9(lo)endoglin(hi) fraction, which contains erythroid lineage-committed cells. Finally, we demonstrate that bipotential erythroid-megakaryocyte progenitor and CD150(+)CD9(hi)endoglin(lo) cells are TPO-responsive and that the latter population specifically expands in the recovery from thrombocytopenia induced by anti-platelet serum.
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49
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Lilly AJ, Johnson WE, Bunce CM. The haematopoietic stem cell niche: new insights into the mechanisms regulating haematopoietic stem cell behaviour. Stem Cells Int 2011; 2011:274564. [PMID: 22135682 PMCID: PMC3205662 DOI: 10.4061/2011/274564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of the haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche was formulated by Schofield in the 1970s, as a region within the bone marrow containing functional cell types that can maintain HSC potency throughout life. Since then, ongoing research has identified numerous cell types and a plethora of signals that not only maintain HSCs, but also dictate their behaviour with respect to homeostatic requirements and exogenous stresses. It has been proposed that there are endosteal and vascular niches within the bone marrow, which are thought to regulate different HSC populations. However, recent data depicts a more complicated picture, with functional crosstalk between cells in these two regions. In this review, recent research into the endosteal/vascular cell types and signals regulating HSC behaviour are considered, together with the possibility of a single subcompartmentalised niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Lilly
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - William E. Johnson
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Christopher M. Bunce
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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50
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Singbrant S, Askmyr M, Purton LE, Walkley CR. Defining the hematopoietic stem cell niche: the chicken and the egg conundrum. J Cell Biochem 2011; 112:1486-90. [PMID: 21503954 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the in vivo regulation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) will be critical to identifying key factors involved in the regulation of HSC self-renewal and differentiation. The niche (microenvironment) in which HSCs reside has recently regained attention accompanied by a dramatic increase in the understanding of the cellular constituents of the bone marrow HSC niche. The use of sophisticated genetic models allowing modulation of specific lineages has demonstrated roles for mesenchymal-derived elements such as osteoblasts and adipocytes, vasculature, nerves, and a range of hematopoietic progeny of the HSC as being participants in the regulation of the bone marrow microenvironment. Whilst providing significant insight into the cellular composition of the niche, is it possible to manipulate any given cell lineage in vivo without impacting, knowingly or unknowingly, on those that remain?
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Singbrant
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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