1
|
Heazlewood SY, Ahmad T, Cao B, Cao H, Domingues M, Sun X, Heazlewood CK, Li S, Williams B, Fulton M, White JF, Nebl T, Nefzger CM, Polo JM, Kile BT, Kraus F, Ryan MT, Sun YB, Choong PFM, Ellis SL, Anko ML, Nilsson SK. High ploidy large cytoplasmic megakaryocytes are hematopoietic stem cells regulators and essential for platelet production. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2099. [PMID: 37055407 PMCID: PMC10102126 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37780-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Megakaryocytes (MK) generate platelets. Recently, we and others, have reported MK also regulate hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Here we show high ploidy large cytoplasmic megakaryocytes (LCM) are critical negative regulators of HSC and critical for platelet formation. Using a mouse knockout model (Pf4-Srsf3Δ/Δ) with normal MK numbers, but essentially devoid of LCM, we demonstrate a pronounced increase in BM HSC concurrent with endogenous mobilization and extramedullary hematopoiesis. Severe thrombocytopenia is observed in animals with diminished LCM, although there is no change in MK ploidy distribution, uncoupling endoreduplication and platelet production. When HSC isolated from a microenvironment essentially devoid of LCM reconstitute hematopoiesis in lethally irradiated mice, the absence of LCM increases HSC in BM, blood and spleen, and the recapitulation of thrombocytopenia. In contrast, following a competitive transplant using minimal numbers of WT HSC together with HSC from a microenvironment with diminished LCM, sufficient WT HSC-generated LCM regulates a normal HSC pool and prevents thrombocytopenia. Importantly, LCM are conserved in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shen Y Heazlewood
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tanveer Ahmad
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Benjamin Cao
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Huimin Cao
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Melanie Domingues
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xuan Sun
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chad K Heazlewood
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Songhui Li
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brenda Williams
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Madeline Fulton
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jacinta F White
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tom Nebl
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christian M Nefzger
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jose M Polo
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Benjamin T Kile
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Felix Kraus
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael T Ryan
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yu B Sun
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter F M Choong
- Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcoma Service, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Orthopaedics, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah L Ellis
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Minna-Liisa Anko
- Centre for Reproductive Health and Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Susan K Nilsson
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Richter WR, Sunderman MM, Fulton M, Catyb J, Lewis D. Evaluation of altered environmental conditions as a decontamination approach for SARS-CoV-2 when applied to aircraft related materials. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:7075879. [PMID: 36898667 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of altered environmental conditions, specifically elevated temperature at various levels of expected relative humidity (RH), on the inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 when applied to U.S. Air Force aircraft materials. METHODS AND RESULTS SARS CoV-2 (USA-WA1/2020) was spiked (approximately 1×105 TCID50) in either synthetic saliva or lung fluid, dried onto porous (e.g., Nylon strap) and nonporous materials (e.g., bare aluminum, silicone, and ABS plastic), placed in a test chamber and exposed to environmental conditions ranging from 40-51.7°C and RH ranging from 0-50%. The amount of infectious SARS-CoV-2 was then assessed at various timepoints from 0-2 days. Warmer test temperatures, higher RH, and longer exposure duration resulted in higher inactivation rates per material type. Synthetic saliva inoculation vehicle was more readily decontaminated compared to materials inoculated with synthetic lung fluid. CONCLUSIONS SARS-CoV-2 was readily inactivated below limit of quantitation (LOQ) for all materials inoculated using synthetic saliva vehicle within 6 hours when exposed to environmental conditions of 51.7°C and RH ≥ 25%. Synthetic lung fluid vehicle did not follow the general trend of an increase in RH resulting in increased efficacy. The lung fluid performed best at the 20-25% RH range to achieve complete inactivation below LOQ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M Fulton
- Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH
| | - J Catyb
- Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH
| | - D Lewis
- Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Heazlewood SY, Ahmad T, Mohenska M, Guo BB, Gangatirkar P, Josefsson EC, Ellis SL, Ratnadiwakara M, Cao H, Cao B, Heazlewood CK, Williams B, Fulton M, White JF, Ramialison M, Nilsson SK, Änkö ML. The RNA-binding protein SRSF3 has an essential role in megakaryocyte maturation and platelet production. Blood 2022; 139:1359-1373. [PMID: 34852174 PMCID: PMC8900270 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021013826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA processing is increasingly recognized as a critical control point in the regulation of different hematopoietic lineages including megakaryocytes responsible for the production of platelets. Platelets are anucleate cytoplasts that contain a rich repertoire of RNAs encoding proteins with essential platelet functions derived from the parent megakaryocyte. It is largely unknown how RNA binding proteins contribute to the development and functions of megakaryocytes and platelets. We show that serine-arginine-rich splicing factor 3 (SRSF3) is essential for megakaryocyte maturation and generation of functional platelets. Megakaryocyte-specific deletion of Srsf3 in mice led to macrothrombocytopenia characterized by megakaryocyte maturation arrest, dramatically reduced platelet counts, and abnormally large functionally compromised platelets. SRSF3 deficient megakaryocytes failed to reprogram their transcriptome during maturation and to load platelets with RNAs required for normal platelet function. SRSF3 depletion led to nuclear accumulation of megakaryocyte mRNAs, demonstrating that SRSF3 deploys similar RNA regulatory mechanisms in megakaryocytes as in other cell types. Our study further suggests that SRSF3 plays a role in sorting cytoplasmic megakaryocyte RNAs into platelets and demonstrates how SRSF3-mediated RNA processing forms a central part of megakaryocyte gene regulation. Understanding SRSF3 functions in megakaryocytes and platelets provides key insights into normal thrombopoiesis and platelet pathologies as SRSF3 RNA targets in megakaryocytes are associated with platelet diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shen Y Heazlewood
- Biomedical Manufacturing CSIRO, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Tanveer Ahmad
- Biomedical Manufacturing CSIRO, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Monika Mohenska
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Belinda B Guo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Pathology and Laboratory Science, University of Western Australia, WA, Australia
| | | | - Emma C Josefsson
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah L Ellis
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Microscopy Facility and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, VIC, Australia
| | - Madara Ratnadiwakara
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, VIC, Australia
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, VIC, Australia; and
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Huimin Cao
- Biomedical Manufacturing CSIRO, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Benjamin Cao
- Biomedical Manufacturing CSIRO, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Chad K Heazlewood
- Biomedical Manufacturing CSIRO, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Brenda Williams
- Biomedical Manufacturing CSIRO, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Madeline Fulton
- Biomedical Manufacturing CSIRO, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Mirana Ramialison
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Susan K Nilsson
- Biomedical Manufacturing CSIRO, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Minna-Liisa Änkö
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, VIC, Australia
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, VIC, Australia; and
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sun X, Cao B, Naval-Sanchez M, Pham T, Sun YBY, Williams B, Heazlewood SY, Deshpande N, Li J, Kraus F, Rae J, Nguyen Q, Yari H, Schröder J, Heazlewood CK, Fulton M, Hatwell-Humble J, Das Gupta K, Kapetanovic R, Chen X, Sweet MJ, Parton RG, Ryan MT, Polo JM, Nefzger CM, Nilsson SK. Nicotinamide riboside attenuates age-associated metabolic and functional changes in hematopoietic stem cells. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2665. [PMID: 33976125 PMCID: PMC8113506 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22863-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With age, hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) undergo changes in function, including reduced regenerative potential and loss of quiescence, which is accompanied by a significant expansion of the stem cell pool that can lead to haematological disorders. Elevated metabolic activity has been implicated in driving the HSC ageing phenotype. Here we show that nicotinamide riboside (NR), a form of vitamin B3, restores youthful metabolic capacity by modifying mitochondrial function in multiple ways including reduced expression of nuclear encoded metabolic pathway genes, damping of mitochondrial stress and a decrease in mitochondrial mass and network-size. Metabolic restoration is dependent on continuous NR supplementation and accompanied by a shift of the aged transcriptome towards the young HSC state, more youthful bone marrow cellular composition and an improved regenerative capacity in a transplant setting. Consequently, NR administration could support healthy ageing by re-establishing a more youthful hematopoietic system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Sun
- Biomedical Manufacturing Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Benjamin Cao
- Biomedical Manufacturing Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Marina Naval-Sanchez
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tony Pham
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yu Bo Yang Sun
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brenda Williams
- Biomedical Manufacturing Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shen Y Heazlewood
- Biomedical Manufacturing Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nikita Deshpande
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jinhua Li
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Felix Kraus
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - James Rae
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Quan Nguyen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Hamed Yari
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jan Schröder
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chad K Heazlewood
- Biomedical Manufacturing Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Madeline Fulton
- Biomedical Manufacturing Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jessica Hatwell-Humble
- Biomedical Manufacturing Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kaustav Das Gupta
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Ronan Kapetanovic
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Matthew J Sweet
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Robert G Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael T Ryan
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jose M Polo
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christian M Nefzger
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Susan K Nilsson
- Biomedical Manufacturing Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chew H, Cheong C, Fulton M, Shah M, Doyle A, Gao L, Villanueva J, Soto C, Hicks M, Connellan M, Granger E, Jansz P, Spratt P, Hayward C, Keogh A, Kotlyar E, Jabbour A, Dhital K, Macdonald P. Outcome After Warm Machine Perfusion (WMP) Recovery of Marginal Brain Dead (MBD) and Donation After Circulatory Death (DCD) Heart Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2017.01.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
|
6
|
Njue R, Warren C, Obare F, Abuya T, Kanya L, Fulton M, Bellows B. O500 SOCIAL AUTOPSY FOR MATERNAL DEATHS: INVESTIGATING THE CAUSES OF AND CONTRIBUTORS TO MATERNAL MORTALITY IN KENYA. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(12)60930-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
7
|
Turk J, Fulton M, Patel G, Landy U, Steinauer J. Impact of formal family planning training on ob-gyn residents' skills and exposure in contraception provision. Contraception 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2010.04.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
8
|
Mullins G, Jagne J, Stone L, Konings E, Howard-Grabman L, Hartman F, Fulton M. ‘One World One Health’ in practice: Integrating public health and veterinary curricula on emerging infectious diseases in Africa. Int J Infect Dis 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
9
|
|
10
|
Fulton M, Key P, Wirth E, Leight AK, Daugomah J, Bearden D, Sivertsen S, Scott G. An evaluation of contaminated estuarine sites using sediment quality guidelines and ecological assessment methodologies. Ecotoxicology 2006; 15:573-81. [PMID: 17031607 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-006-0092-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Toxic contaminants may enter estuarine ecosystems through a variety of pathways. When sediment contaminant levels become sufficiently high, they may impact resident biota. One approach to predict sediment-associated toxicity in estuarine ecosystems involves the use of sediment quality guidelines (ERMs, ERLs) and site-specific contaminant chemistry while a second approach utilizes site-specific ecological sampling to assess impacts at the population or community level. The goal of this study was to utilize an integrated approach including chemical contaminant analysis, sediment quality guidelines and grass shrimp population monitoring to evaluate the impact of contaminants from industrial sources. Three impacted sites and one reference site were selected for study. Grass shrimp populations were sampled using a push-netting approach. Sediment samples were collected at each site and analyzed for metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and pesticides. Contaminant levels were then compared to sediment quality guidelines. In general, grass shrimp population densities at the sites decreased as the ERM quotients increased. Grass shrimp densities were significantly reduced at the impacted site that had an ERM exceedance for chromium and the highest Mean ERM quotient. Regression analysis indicated that sediment chromium concentrations were negatively correlated with grass shrimp density. Grass shrimp size was reduced at two sites with intermediate levels of contamination. These findings support the use of both sediment quality guidelines and site-specific population monitoring to evaluate the impacts of sediment-associated contaminants in estuarine systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Fulton
- Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, NOAA, 219 Ft. Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Affiliation(s)
- D J Hentges
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School and Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University, Chicago, Illinois
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Affiliation(s)
- M Fulton
- Biological Laboratory, Brown University, Providence
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Affiliation(s)
- C G Jackson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State College for Women, Columbus 39701, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ghazarian∗ P, Fulton M, Goodpasture H. Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus (VRE) Primary Bacteremia Associated with Dialysis Catheter Access. Am J Infect Control 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2004.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
15
|
Ghazarian∗ P, Fulton M, Hommertzheim R. “Time Out”: Implementation of Systems To Improve Safety for Patients and Healthcare Workers in the Operating Room. Am J Infect Control 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2004.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
16
|
Wilson LL, Fulton M. Risk management: how doctors, hospitals and MDOs can limit the costs of malpractice litigation. Med J Aust 2000; 172:77-80. [PMID: 10738478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The concerns of doctors regarding their risk of malpractice litigation and the costs of indemnity premiums are resulting in calls for legal reforms to limit their liability. We do not believe these returns will be successful either practically or politically. Medical defence organisations often attempt to vindicate the doctor rather than settle the dispute--a strategy that might be morally satisfying to doctors but which is also more expensive than the approach taken by commercial insurers. Risk management--the activities required to minimise financial loss for hospitals and the doctors who work in them--is disorganised or absent in most hospitals. Hospital managers lack incentives for risk management because the costs of litigation do not come out of their budgets. The five mainstays of effective risk management are credentialling of medical staff, incident monitoring and tracking, complaints monitoring and tracking, infection control, and documentation in the medical record. The implementation of risk management activities in hospitals is the immediate responsibility of hospital management, not doctors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L L Wilson
- School of Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic.
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutryic acid (GABA) is a major neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, and plasma levels of GABA may reflect brain GABA activity. In 35-40% of patients with mood disorders, plasma GABA levels are low compared to psychiatrically normal controls. Low plasma GABA in this subgroup of patients has characteristics of a biological trait marker for mood disorders. Low plasma GABA is also found in a subset of patients with alcohol dependence, but not in schizophrenia, anxiety, or eating disorders, suggesting some diagnostic specificity. Previous data from a small study of monozygotic twins are consistent with the hypothesis that plasma GABA levels are under genetic control. To better understand these mechanisms, we conducted a segregation analysis of plasma GABA levels in a sample of 157 individuals from 50 nuclear families. Analysis using the Class D regressive model indicated that the familial transmission of plasma GABA levels is compatible with the segregation of a recessive major gene. Our results suggest that plasma GABA levels are under single gene control. Future research should address the precise mechanisms which may account for the abnormality in GABA levels seen in a subset of patients with mood disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Petty
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Petty F, Kramer GL, Davis LL, Fulton M, Adinoff B. Plasma gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) predicts outcome in patients with alcohol dependence. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 1997; 21:809-16. [PMID: 9278952 DOI: 10.1016/s0278-5846(97)00081-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
1. Previous studies have suggested that low plasma GABA levels (< or = 100 pmol/ml) may characterize a subset of patients with alcohol dependence. 2. In order to assess the clinical relevance of this biologic finding, the authors followed 49 alcohol dependent patients for up to 18 months following inpatient treatment. Treatment outcome was assessed by continuous abstinence and continued contact with research personnel. 3. Alcohol dependent patients with low plasma GABA had significantly better outcome than patients with plasma GABA in the normal control range (101-150 pmol/ml). 4. These findings suggest that plasma GABA measures may prove to be clinically useful in identifying alcohol dependent patients at risk for relapse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Petty
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
DeMichele PL, Pollock ML, Graves JE, Foster DN, Carpenter D, Garzarella L, Brechue W, Fulton M. Isometric torso rotation strength: effect of training frequency on its development. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1997; 78:64-9. [PMID: 9014960 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9993(97)90012-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine training frequency's effect on torso rotation muscle strength. DESIGN The study followed a pretest-posttest randomized-group design. SETTING University laboratory. PATIENTS Subjects, 33 men (age 30 +/- 11yr) and 25 women (age 28 +/- 10yr) with no history of low back pain, volunteered to participate in the study and were tested for isometric (IM) torso rotation strength before (T1) and after (T2) 12 weeks of training. Measurements of maximal voluntary IM torso rotation torque (N.m) were made through a 108 degrees range of motion (54 degrees, 36 degrees, 18 degrees, 0 degree, -18 degrees, -36 degrees, -54 degrees). Subjects were stratified by peak torque at T1, and randomized to a nonexercising control group (C, n = 10), or groups that trained once a week (1x/wk, n = 16), twice a week (2x/wk, n = 17), or three times a week (3x/wk, n = 15); and all groups were similar in strength. INTERVENTIONS Training consisted of 8 to 12 repetitions of full range dynamic variable resistance exercise to volitional fatigue, for both left and right rotation. MAIN OUTCOME To determine the best training frequency for the development of torso rotation strength. RESULTS Relative improvements (average increase in strength gained at each angle) for the training groups were 4.9%, 16.3%, and 11.9% for the 1, 2, and 3x/wk groups, respectively. The 1x/wk group did not increase in IM torso rotation strength compared to the control group at any angle. Both the 2 and 3x/ wk groups increased their IM torso rotation strength compared to the control group at all but one angle. There were no significant differences in IM torso rotation strength between the groups that trained 2 or 3x/wk. During the training period, the 2 and 3x/wk groups increased their dynamic training load significantly more than the 1x/wk group. CONCLUSIONS Posttraining dynamic strength was not different between training frequencies of 2 and 3x/wk. Therefore, training the rotary torso muscles 2x/wk is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P L DeMichele
- Center for Exercise Science, College of Health and Human Performance, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32510, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Benzodiazepines, the most widely prescribed psychotropic drugs, are often used in patients with depressive disorders, either alone or in combination with standard antidepressants. This review evaluates the efficacy of benzodiazepines (alprazolam, diazepam, chlordiazepoxide) as established in acute-phase, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in major depressive disorder. Metaanalyses using intent-to-treat, as well as adequate treatment exposure samples, revealed an overall efficacy of 47-63% and a drug-placebo difference of 0-27% for all benzodiazepines. Alprazolam, the best studied of the benzodiazepines, had a 27.1% (sd = 6.1%) greater response than placebo, which is comparable to standard antidepressants. Alprazolam, in particular, may be a useful treatment option for patients in whom standard antidepressant medications are contraindicated, poorly tolerated, or possibly ineffective. Alprazolam may have a more rapid onset of action for some patients. Benzodiazepines do not primarily affect biogenic amine uptake or metabolism, although they do augment gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) activity. The antidepressant efficacy of benzodiazepines, which are GABAA receptor agonists, is consistent with the GABA theory of depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Petty
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Psychiatry Service, Dallas, Texas 75216, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
The biology of mood disorders involves gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter whose levels in plasma likely reflect brain GABA activity. Previous research has shown that a subset of patients with primary unipolar major depression have low plasma GABA levels, which parallels findings from studies of cerebrospinal fluid. We have completed a 4-year follow-up on 46 male patients with primary unipolar depression. Plasma levels of GABA were stable over this time. For the group, mean plasma GABA levels on follow-up did not change significantly from entry levels. Plasma GABA levels measured on follow-up were significantly (p < .001) correlated with entry levels. Patients with low plasma GABA levels (< 100 pmol/ml) on entry into the study were likely to remain low on follow-up, and patients with plasma GABA levels in the control range (> or = 100 pmol/ml) at entry similarly remained in this category (chi 2 = 7.23, p = .007). This was true whether or not the patient had recovered from depression on follow-up. Levels of plasma GABA did not significantly correlate with severity of depression at either entry (p = .40) or follow-up (p = .52), nor was there a significant correlation between change in plasma GABA and change in the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score from entry to follow-up (p = .89). These data are consistent with the notion that plasma GABA is independent of clinical state in patients with primary unipolar depression. Low plasma GABA may be a trait marker of illness in a subset of patients with mood disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Petty
- Psychiatry Service (116A), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75216, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Moeller FG, Steinberg JL, Petty F, Fulton M, Cherek DR, Kramer G, Garver DL. Serotonin and impulsive/aggressive behavior in cocaine dependent subjects. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 1994; 18:1027-35. [PMID: 7824757 DOI: 10.1016/0278-5846(94)90128-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
1. 10 male cocaine dependent patients and 10 sex matched controls were administered several behavioral measures of aggression including the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory, and The Brown-Goodwin Life History of Aggression. 2. All subjects were also administered a buspirone neuroendocrine challenge as a measure of serotonin function. 3. The cocaine dependent subjects were significantly more aggressive than the controls. 4. There was a significant correlation between the growth hormone response to buspirone and behavioral measures of aggression in the cocaine dependent subjects, but not in the controls. 5. There was no difference in the overall growth hormone response between the controls and cocaine dependent subjects, possibly due to differences in metabolism of buspirone. 6. This study supports a role for serotonin in aggression in cocaine dependent subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F G Moeller
- Department of Veterans Affaris Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Carpenter D, Brigham T, Welsch M, Foster D, Graves J, Hepler D, Fulton M, Pollock M. 633 LOW BACK STRENGTH COMPARISON OF ELITE FEMALE COLLEGIATE ATHLETES. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1994. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-199405001-00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
24
|
Abstract
We administered the serotonin-1a agonist buspirone (0.4 mg/kg orally) as a neuroendocrine challenge agent to a group of male patients with DSM-III-R major depressive disorder (MDD) (n = 13) and a group of male healthy controls (n = 10). The primary hypothesis of the study was that the prolactin response to buspirone would be blunted in the depressed patients. The prolactin response was significantly lower in depressed patients than in controls. There was no significant relationship between placebo corrected-peak prolactin level and severity of depression or suicidality. There was a nonsignificant trend for the melancholic (n = 5) depressed patients to have a lower placebo corrected-peak prolactin level than nonmelancholic depressed patients (n = 8). Our findings support a role for the serotonin-1a receptor in the etiology of MDD, specifically at the postsynaptic site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F G Moeller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Houston Health Science Center 77030
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Raab GM, Laxen DP, Anderson N, Davis S, Heaps M, Fulton M. The influence of pH and household plumbing on water lead concentration. Environ Geochem Health 1993; 15:191-200. [PMID: 24198138 DOI: 10.1007/bf00146742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/1993] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The water lead concentrations measured in the homes of children who were part of the Edinburgh Lead study are related to the characteristics of the water supply and the household plumbing. At the time of the study one of the City of Edinburgh's two water supplies was lime treated to reduce plumbosolvency but in the second supply this treatment had not yet become effective. This allows us to estimate the extent to which this type of water treatment reduces water lead concentrations, in houses with lead plumbing, to comply with existing and proposed limits for lead in water. The kitchen cold water was supplied from a lead storage tank in 69 (15%) of the houses. These houses had the highest lead concentrations and water tre.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G M Raab
- MRC BIAS, Centre for HIV Research, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JN, Scotland, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Pollock ML, Graves JE, Bamman MM, Leggett SH, Carpenter DM, Carr C, Cirulli J, Matkozich J, Fulton M. Frequency and volume of resistance training: effect on cervical extension strength. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1993; 74:1080-6. [PMID: 8215860 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9993(93)90065-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of cervical extension (CERV EXT) strength is complicated by the inability to stabilize the torso and isolate the CERV EXT muscles. A newly developed machine designed to stabilize the torso and isolate the CERV EXT muscles was used to evaluate the effect of frequency and volume of resistance training on CERV EXT strength. Fifty men (age, 26 +/- 9 years; height, 174 +/- 16 cm; weight, 74 +/- 9 kg) and 28 women (age, 30 +/- 9 years; height, 152 +/- 32 cm; weight, 62 +/- 7 kg) volunteered to participate. Subjects were randomly stratified to one of four training groups or a control group (CONT, n = 19) that did not train. Each training group exercised for 12 weeks as follows; once per week using one set of dynamic exercise (DYN 1x/wk, n = 14), once per week using one set of DYN and one set of maximal isometric (IM) exercise at eight angles through a 126 degrees-range of CERV EXT (DYN-IM 1x/wk, n = 16), DYN 2x/wk (n = 19), or DYN-IM 2x/wk (n = 10). Maximal IM torque was measured at eight angles initially and after 12 weeks of training. All training groups improved CERV EXT strength (p < or = 0.05) at all angles tested compared to the CONT except for DYN once per week at 0 degree of CERV flexion. A greater increase in strength was found when the groups that trained two times a week were compared to those that trained once per week.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M L Pollock
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Low plasma GABA is a biological marker for depression in a subset of patients tested. Plasma GABA has been shown to reflect brain GABA activity. This marker has many characteristics of a trait marker for depression, including stability with time, and lack of influence by coincident factors such as gender, season, time, activity or diet. We here report that plasma GABA remained stable after 4 weeks of treatment with desipramine in patients with major depression. Since the levels of plasma GABA did not change with time, nor with clinical improvement, plasma GABA is not a state marker of depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Petty
- Psychiatry Service VAMC, Dallas, TX 75216
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Plasma gamma-aminobutyric acid (pGABA) is an index of brain GABA activity and a peripheral marker of mood disorder. Previous research has indicated that pGABA is abnormally low in approximately 40% of patients symptomatic with primary unipolar depression. We have now measured pGABA in a series of patients with bipolar disorder. Blood samples for GABA determinations were collected soon after admission to hospital or clinic while patients were symptomatic. In both manic and depressed phase bipolar patients, mean levels of pGABA were significantly lower than in healthy control subjects. The distribution of pGABA in bipolar patients, whether manic or depressed, was similar to that in symptomatic unipolar depression, with 30% to 40% having pGABA levels lower than the control range. These data indicate that low pGABA is not specific to the depressed state, as it is also found in the manic phase of bipolar disorder. Low pGABA may represent a shared biologic correlate between bipolar and unipolar illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Petty
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75216
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Family studies have demonstrated a higher rate of schizoid personality in the families of probands with schizophrenia and a higher rate of paranoid personality in the families of probands with delusional disorder. The authors sought to investigate the familial characteristics of probands with schizoid and paranoid personality disorders and to delineate the clinical characteristics of the two groups. METHOD Records of 351 inpatients with discharge diagnoses that included the term "schizoid personality" or "paranoid personality" were examined to identify patients who met DSM-III-R criteria for schizoid personality disorder (N = 34) or paranoid personality disorder (N = 19). Comparisons were made between the two groups with respect to clinical symptoms, familial characteristics, and longitudinal course. RESULTS The authors found that probands with schizoid personality disorder were hospitalized at an earlier age than probands with paranoid personality disorder, had more intervention before the index admission, and had greater morbidity following the index admission. They also found that descriptors of the two syndromes tended to congregate in the respective family material, but the differences were not statistically significant. Differences in the familial prevalence of schizophrenia were also not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS These familial data do not support the hypothesis that schizophrenia congregates in the families of probands with schizoid personality disorder. Possible explanations for this finding are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Fulton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, College of Medicine
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Carpenter DM, Feurtado DJ, Delude N, Graves JE, Pollock ML, Foster D, Fulton M. 1020 EFFECT OF SUBMAXIMAL EFFORT AND KNOWLEDGE OF PREVIOUS RESULTS ON THE RELIABILITY OF LUMBAR EXTENSION STRENGTH. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1993. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-199305001-01023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
31
|
Risch SV, Norvell NK, Pollock ML, Risch ED, Langer H, Fulton M, Graves JE, Leggett SH. Lumbar strengthening in chronic low back pain patients. Physiologic and psychological benefits. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1993; 18:232-8. [PMID: 8185727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The effects of exercise for isolated lumbar extensor muscles were examined in 54 chronic low-back pain patients. Subjects were randomly assigned to a 10-week exercise program (N = 31) or a wait-list control group (N = 23). Results indicated a significant increase in isometric lumbar extension strength for the treatment group and a significant reduction in reported pain compared with the control group (P 0.05). Treated subjects reported less physical and psychosocial dysfunction whereas the control group increased in pain, and physical and psychosocial dysfunction. There were no concomitant changes in reported daily activity levels. These results show that lumbar extension exercise is beneficial for strengthening the lumbar extensors and results in decreased pain and improved perceptions of physical and psychosocial functioning in chronic back pain patients. However, these improvements were not related to changes in activities or psychological distress.
Collapse
|
32
|
Majidi F, Enterline JP, Ashley B, Fowler ME, Ogorzalek LL, Gaudette R, Stuart GJ, Fulton M, Ettinger DS. Chemotherapy and treatment scheduling: the Johns Hopkins Oncology Center Outpatient Department. Proc Annu Symp Comput Appl Med Care 1993:154-8. [PMID: 8130453 PMCID: PMC2248495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The Chemotherapy and Treatment Scheduling System provides integrated appointment and facility scheduling for very complex procedures. It is fully integrated with other scheduling systems at The Johns Hopkins Oncology Center and is supported by the Oncology Clinical Information System (OCIS). It provides a combined visual and textual environment for the scheduling of events that have multiple dimensions and dependencies on other scheduled events. It is also fully integrated with other clinical decision support and ancillary systems within OCIS. The system has resulted in better patient flow through the ambulatory care areas of the Center. Implementing the system required changes in behavior among physicians, staff, and patients. This system provides a working example of building a sophisticated rule-based scheduling system using a relatively simple paradigm. It also is an example of what can be achieved when there is total integration between the operational and clinical components of patient care automation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Majidi
- Johns Hopkins Oncology Center, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
John Vernberg F, Vernberg W, Blood E, Fortner A, Fulton M, McKellar H, Michener W, Scott G, Siewicki T, El Figi K. Impact of urbanization on high-salinity estuaries in the southeastern United States. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0077-7579(92)90062-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
34
|
Burt M, Fulton M, Wessner-Dunlap S, Karpeh M, Huvos AG, Bains MS, Martini N, McCormack PM, Rusch VW, Ginsberg RJ. Primary bony and cartilaginous sarcomas of chest wall: results of therapy. Ann Thorac Surg 1992; 54:226-32. [PMID: 1637209 DOI: 10.1016/0003-4975(92)91374-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Primary bony and cartilaginous sarcomas of the chest wall are uncommon, and data concerning treatment and results are sparse. To assess the results of therapy, we reviewed our 40-year experience. Records of 38 patients with osteosarcoma and 88 with chondrosarcoma arising in chest wall admitted to Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center from 1949 to 1989 were reviewed. The 88 patients with chondrosarcoma ranged in age from 5 to 86 years (median age, 49 years); the male/female ratio was 1.3:1. Presenting complaint was mass, pain, or both in 93%. Primary therapy was resection (n = 84), radiation therapy (n = 3), or chemotherapy (n = 1). Overall 5-year survival was 64%. Significant adverse prognostic factors included metastases at initial presentation (n = 9), metastases at any time during the course of disease (n = 23), age greater than 50 years (n = 42), incomplete or no resection (n = 13), and local recurrence (n = 24). Sex, grade, and tumor size were not prognostic factors. The 38 patients with osteosarcoma ranged in age from 11 to 78 years (median age, 42 years); the male/female ratio was 1.5:1. Presenting complaint was mass, pain, or both in 95%. Primary therapy included resection (n = 31; alone in 13, with radiation therapy in 3, with chemotherapy in 15), radiation therapy (n = 3), radiation therapy and chemotherapy (n = 2), chemotherapy (n = 1), or no treatment (n = 1). Overall 5-year survival was 15%. Significant adverse prognostic factors included presence of synchronous metastases (n = 13) and metastases at any time during the course of disease (n = 26).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Burt
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and variability of repeated measurements of isometric cervical extension strength and determine the effect of 10 weeks of dynamic variable resistance cervical extension training on isometric cervical extension strength. Seventy-three subjects (age, 29 +/- 12 years [mean +/- SD]) completed isometric cervical extension strength tests on 4 separate days (D1, D2, D3, and D4). For each test, isometric cervical strength was measured at 126 degrees, 108 degrees, 90 degrees, 72 degrees, 54 degrees, 36 degrees, 18 degrees, and 0 degrees of cervical flexion. Between-day correlation coefficients over the eight angles of cervical flexion were high for D2 versus D3 (r = 0.90 to 0.96). Test variability (standard error of estimate) between D2 versus D3 was low (7.4% to 10.2% of mean) through the entire range of motion. Regression analysis showed that the isometric cervical extension strength curve is linear and descending from flexion to extension. In a second study, 14 subjects (age, 25 +/- 3 years) trained the cervical extensor muscles for 10 weeks while 10 subjects (age, 23 +/- 3 years) served as controls. Training included 8 to 12 cervical extensions to volitional fatigue, 1 day per week. The training group improved isometric cervical extension strength at six of eight angles before to after training (P less than or equal to 0.05). During the same time period the control group did not change. These data indicate that repeated measures of isometric cervical extension strength are highly reliable and can be used for the quantification of isometric cervical extension strength through a 126 degrees range of motion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S H Leggett
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
A case control study compared the bowel habit of 91 post-hysterectomy women with paired controls from the same family doctor practice. More cases had an abnormal bowel frequency, a firmer stool consistency and assessed themselves as having abnormal bowel function, predominantly constipation after hysterectomy, than controls. Significantly more cases than controls had consulted a doctor because of constipation but there was no significant difference in laxative usage. There was a significant short-term association between decreased bowel frequency and increased urinary frequency after hysterectomy. This became highly significant in those patients who developed chronic symptoms. Oophorectomy, unilateral or bilateral, did not significantly affect bowel habit other than to intensify the change in stool consistency. The hypothesis is discussed that the post-hysterectomy effects on bowel and bladder function may have a common aetiology in a degree of autonomic denervation of both viscera.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Taylor
- Gastrointestinal Unit, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Leggett SH, Graves JE, Pollock ML, Carpenter DM, Foster D, Holmes B, Fix C, Shank M, Tuccl J, Fulton M. 115 EFFECT OF ORDER OF MULTIPLE JOINT ANGLE TESTING FOR THE QUANTIFICATION OF ISOMETRIC LUMBAR EXTENSION STRENGTH. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1990. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-199004000-00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
38
|
Graves JE, Pollock ML, Carpenter DM, Leggett SH, Jones A, MacMillan M, Fulton M. Quantitative assessment of full range-of-motion isometric lumbar extension strength. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1990; 15:289-94. [PMID: 2141187 DOI: 10.1097/00007632-199004000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and variability of repeated measurements of isometric (IM) lumbar extension (LB EXT) strength made at different joint angles. Fifty-six men (age, 29.4 +/- 10.7 years) and 80 women (age, 24.3 +/- 9.1 years) completed IM LB EXT strength tests on 3 separate days (D1, D2, and D3). On D1 and D2, subjects completed two tests (T1 and T2) separated by a 20- to 30-minute rest interval. For each test, IM LB EXT strength was measured at 72, 60, 48, 36, 24, 12, and 0 degrees of lumbar extension. Mean IM strength values, within-day reliability coefficients, and test variability over the seven angles improved from D1 to D2 (D1: mean, 160.0 to 304.1 N.m, r = 0.78 to 0.96, SEE = 37.6 to 46.9 N.m; D2: mean, 176.3 to 329.1 N.m, r = 0.94 to 0.98, SEE = 29.0 to 34.4 N.m). Mean strength values leveled off by D3 (174.5 to 317.0 N.m). The most reliable test results showed that the IM LB EXT strength curves were linear and descending from flexion to extension and ranged from 235.8 +/- 85.2 to 464.9 +/- 150.7 N.m for men (extension to flexion) and from 134.6 +/- 53.2 to 237.3 +/- 71.9 N.m for women. Lumbar extension strength was clearly greatest in full flexion, which is in contrast to previously reported results. One practice test was required to attain the most accurate and reliable results. These data indicate that repeated measures of IM LB EXT strength are highly reliable and can be used for the quantification of IM LB EXT strength through a range of motion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J E Graves
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Graves J, Pollock M, Leggett S, Carpenter D, Fix C, Fulton M. 113 NON-SPECIFICITY OF LIMITED RANGE-OF-MOTION LUMBAR EXTENSION STRENGTH TRAINING. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1990. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-199004000-00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
40
|
Oliver MF, Riemersma RA, Thomson M, Fulton M, Abraham RA, Wood DA. Linoleic acid and coronary heart disease. Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 1989; 42:298, 301-2. [PMID: 2679949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Low tissue concentrations of the essential fatty acid, linoleic acid, occur in communities with high rates of coronary disease and in patients with angina and myocardial infarction. This relationship is independent of lipids and blood pressure, but in smokers linoleic acid is particularly low because they eat less linoleic acid-containing foods.
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
Development of a new testing machine, which stabilizes the pelvis, allowed us to evaluate the lumbar extensor muscles before and after training. Fifteen healthy subjects (29.1 +/- 8 years of age) trained 1 day per week for 10 weeks and 10 healthy subjects (33.7 +/- 16 years of age) acted as controls. Training consisted of 6 to 15 repetitions of full range of motion variable resistance lumbar extension exercise to volitional fatigue and periodic maximal isometric contractions taken at seven angles through a full range of motion. Before and after the 10 week training period, subjects completed a maximum isometric strength test at seven angles through a 72 degrees range of motion (0 degrees, 12 degrees, 24 degrees, 36 degrees, 48 degrees, 60 degrees, and 72 degrees of lumbar flexion). The training group significantly improved in lumbar extension strength at all angles (P less than or equal to 0.01). The result at 0 degrees (full extension) showed an increase from 180.0 +/- 25 Nm to 364.1 +/- 43 Nm (+102%) and at 72 degrees (full flexion) from 427.4 +/- 44.1 to 607.4 +/- 68 (+42%) Nm. Results from the control group showed no change (P greater than or equal to 0.05). The magnitude of gain shown by the training group reflects the low initial trained state of the lumbar extensor muscles. These data indicate that when the lumbar area is isolated through pelvic stabilization, the isolated lumbar extensor muscles show an abnormally large potential for strength increase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M L Pollock
- Center for Exercise Science, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
The effect of blood-lead on children's behaviour was investigated in a sub-sample of 501 boys and girls aged 6-9 years from 18 primary schools within a defined area of central Edinburgh. Behaviour ratings of the children were made by teachers and parents using the Rutter behaviour scales. An extensive home interview with a parent was also carried out. Multiple regression analyses showed a significant relationship between log blood-lead and teachers' ratings on the total Rutter score and the aggressive/anti-social and hyperactive sub-scores, but not the neurotic sub-score when 30 possible confounding variables were taken into account. There was a dose-response relationship between blood-lead and behaviour ratings, with no evidence of a threshold.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G O Thomson
- Department of Education, University of Edinburgh, U.K
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Fulton M, Thomson M, Elton RA, Brown S, Wood DA, Oliver MF. Cigarette smoking, social class and nutrient intake: relevance to coronary heart disease. Eur J Clin Nutr 1988; 42:797-803. [PMID: 2846266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The association of cigarette smoking habits and social class with nutrient intake was investigated in 162 men aged 45-54 using a 7-d weighed dietary record. Cigarette smokers had a significantly lower intake of fibre and polyunsaturated fatty acids and a lower P:S ratio than non-smokers. Fibre intake was lower in men in the manual compared to the non-manual group but smoking was a more powerful influence than social class. The differences in nutrient intake were accompanied by differences in the consumption of polyunsaturated margarines and cereal-containing foods. These results should be considered in the explanation of the increased incidence of coronary heart disease in smokers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Fulton
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Medical School, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Laxen DP, Lindsay F, Raab GM, Hunter R, Fell GS, Fulton M. The variability of lead in dusts within the homes of young children. Environ Geochem Health 1988; 10:3-9. [PMID: 24213513 DOI: 10.1007/bf01675623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The variability of household dust lead concentration and loadings over the period of about a year has been examined in 10 homes. The overall uncertainty on a single sample is ± 65% for lead concentration and ± 81% for lead loading. Redecoration involving electric sanding and/or blow lamp preparation of painted surfaces is the major cause of variation in lead levels. The effect is short lived, levels returning to normal within 2 months of redecoration ending. There is evidence of a seasonal trend for dust loading and lead loading but not for lead concentration. The implications of these findings for blood lead - dust lead exposure studies are considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D P Laxen
- Department of Geology, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, EH9 3JW, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
The relation between alcohol consumption and dietary intake was examined in 164 middle-aged Scottish men taking part in a study of risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD). A 7-d weighed dietary record was used to assess alcohol and nutrient intake. The mean daily intake of alcohol was 26 g (SD 31 g). Energy derived from alcohol tended to replace energy derived from other nutrients and increasing intake of alcohol was associated with a decrease in the amounts of carbohydrate, total fat, and saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in the diet. Those with a low alcohol intake (0.1-9 g alcohol/d) had a higher intake of total fiber, cereal fiber, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and linoleic acid and a smaller proportion smoked cigarettes. The differences are small but may contribute to the lower mortality from CHD reported by other studies in those with a low alcohol intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Thomson
- Department of Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Scotland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Data from the Edinburgh Lead Study are used to estimate the respective contributions of water and dust lead to blood lead in 6-9 year old children. Both sources are significantly related to blood lead. An exposure of 100 μg/l in kitchen cold water is estimated to be equivalent to 2700 μg/g of lead in dust. In this population water is a more important source of lead than dust for the bulk of the population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G M Raab
- Medical Statistics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, EH8 9AG, Edinburgh
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
The effect of blood-lead on children's ability and attainment was investigated in a sample of 855 boys and girls aged 6-9 years from eighteen primary schools within a defined area of central Edinburgh. The geometric mean blood-lead value was 10.4 micrograms/dl. In a stratified subsample, 501 children completed individual tests of cognitive ability and educational attainment from the British Ability Scales (BAS). An extensive home interview with a parent was also done. Multiple regression analyses showed a significant negative relation between log blood-lead and BAS combined score, number skills, and word reading when thirty-three possible confounding variables were taken into account. There was a dose-response relation between blood-lead and test scores, with no evidence of a threshold. The size of the effect was small compared with that of other factors. Lead at low levels of exposure probably has a small harmful effect on the performance of children in ability and attainment tests.
Collapse
|
48
|
Thomson M, Fulton M, Wood DA, Brown S, Elton RA, Birtwhistle A, Oliver MF. A comparison of the nutrient intake of some Scotsmen with dietary recommendations. Hum Nutr Appl Nutr 1985; 39:443-55. [PMID: 3841532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
During 1980 and 1982, 164 men aged 45-54 in North Edinburgh and West Fife participated in a 7-day individual weighed dietary survey. The mean energy intake was 11.2 MJ (2700 kcal), 38.1 per cent of which came from fat and 6.7 per cent from alcohol. The P:S ratio was 0.30 and the mean daily fibre intake 19.8 g. Saturated fatty acids accounted for 16.3 per cent of the energy and polyunsaturated fatty acid for 4.6 per cent. Oleic acid was the principal dietary fatty acid accounting for 32.4 per cent of fatty acids. The major polyunsaturated fatty acid was linoleic acid and contributed 3.5 per cent of energy. Cereal and cereal products were the principal source (30.8 per cent) of linoleic acid. Though this study was conducted prior to the publication of recent dietary recommendations, a small proportion of the men were achieving some of them but few would have met the recommendations in full.
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of the Picker Synerview Fourth Generation CT Scanner in assessing cross-sectional areas of muscle, bone, and subcutaneous fat of the thigh. A secondary purpose was to resolve individual muscle bellies using the CT scanner and to determine the effects of body composition in isolating those muscles. Both limbs of one cadaver were used to compare actual cross-sectional areas with the CT images. Each limb was dissected and photographed. Accuracy of repeated measurements was assessed using human volunteers. Absolute and percent error between the CT measurements and the measurements of the cross-sectional areas differed most at the bone. No differences were found between repeat scans. CT images and photographic measurements of individual muscles were generally quite similar, as assessed by absolute and percent error. The gracilis and sartorious were reasonably well defined in those individuals with more than 8% body fat. The results are discussed in terms of possible applications of the CT scanner in sports medicine research.
Collapse
|
50
|
Fulton M. A call to arms. RNAO News 1985; 41:23-4. [PMID: 3849107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|