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Schuermans S, Kestens C, Marques PE. Systemic mechanisms of necrotic cell debris clearance. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:557. [PMID: 39090111 PMCID: PMC11294570 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06947-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Necrosis is an overarching term that describes cell death modalities caused by (extreme) adverse conditions in which cells lose structural integrity. A guaranteed consequence of necrosis is the production of necrotic cell remnants, or debris. Necrotic cell debris is a strong trigger of inflammation, and although inflammatory responses are required for tissue healing, necrotic debris may lead to uncontrolled immune responses and collateral damage. Besides local phagocytosis by recruited leukocytes, there is accumulating evidence that extracellular mechanisms are also involved in necrotic debris clearance. In this review, we focused on systemic clearance mechanisms present in the bloodstream and vasculature that often cooperate to drive the clearance of cell debris. We reviewed the contribution and cooperation of extracellular DNases, the actin-scavenger system, the fibrinolytic system and reticuloendothelial cells in performing clearance of necrotic debris. Moreover, associations of the (mis)functioning of these clearance systems with a variety of diseases were provided, illustrating the importance of the mechanisms of clearance of dead cells in the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Schuermans
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Caine Kestens
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pedro Elias Marques
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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2
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Kaczara P, Czyzynska-Cichon I, Kus E, Kurpinska A, Olkowicz M, Wojnar-Lason K, Pacia MZ, Lytvynenko O, Baes M, Chlopicki S. Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells rely on oxidative phosphorylation but avoid processing long-chain fatty acids in their mitochondria. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2024; 29:67. [PMID: 38724891 PMCID: PMC11084093 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-024-00584-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is generally accepted that endothelial cells (ECs), primarily rely on glycolysis for ATP production, despite having functional mitochondria. However, it is also known that ECs are heterogeneous, and their phenotypic features depend on the vascular bed. Emerging evidence suggests that liver sinusoidal ECs (LSECs), located in the metabolically rich environment of the liver, show high metabolic plasticity. However, the substrate preference for energy metabolism in LSECs remains unclear. METHODS Investigations were conducted in primary murine LSECs in vitro using the Seahorse XF technique for functional bioenergetic assays, untargeted mass spectrometry-based proteomics to analyse the LSEC proteome involved in energy metabolism pathways, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based analysis of acyl-carnitine species and Raman spectroscopy imaging to track intracellular palmitic acid. RESULTS This study comprehensively characterized the energy metabolism of LSECs, which were found to depend on oxidative phosphorylation, efficiently fuelled by glucose-derived pyruvate, short- and medium-chain fatty acids and glutamine. Furthermore, despite its high availability, palmitic acid was not directly oxidized in LSEC mitochondria, as evidenced by the acylcarnitine profile and etomoxir's lack of effect on oxygen consumption. However, together with L-carnitine, palmitic acid supported mitochondrial respiration, which is compatible with the chain-shortening role of peroxisomal β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids before further degradation and energy generation in mitochondria. CONCLUSIONS LSECs show a unique bioenergetic profile of highly metabolically plastic ECs adapted to the liver environment. The functional reliance of LSECs on oxidative phosphorylation, which is not a typical feature of ECs, remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Kaczara
- Jagiellonian University, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Izabela Czyzynska-Cichon
- Jagiellonian University, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Edyta Kus
- Jagiellonian University, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Kurpinska
- Jagiellonian University, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mariola Olkowicz
- Jagiellonian University, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamila Wojnar-Lason
- Jagiellonian University, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Krakow, Poland
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Pharmacology, Grzegorzecka 16, 31-531, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marta Z Pacia
- Jagiellonian University, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Olena Lytvynenko
- Jagiellonian University, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Myriam Baes
- KU Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Laboratory of Cell Metabolism, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian University, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Krakow, Poland
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Pharmacology, Grzegorzecka 16, 31-531, Krakow, Poland
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3
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Sánchez Romano J, Simón-Santamaría J, McCourt P, Smedsrød B, Mortensen KE, Sagona AP, Sørensen KK, Larsen AK. Liver sinusoidal cells eliminate blood-borne phage K1F. mSphere 2024; 9:e0070223. [PMID: 38415633 PMCID: PMC10964407 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00702-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Phage treatment has regained attention due to an increase in multiresistant bacteria. For phage therapy to be successful, phages must reach their target bacteria in sufficiently high numbers. Blood-borne phages are believed to be captured by macrophages in the liver and spleen. Since liver sinusoids also consist of specialized scavenger liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) and Kupffer cells (KCs), this study investigated the contribution of both cell types in the elimination of Escherichia coli phage K1Fg10b::gfp (K1Fgfp) in mice. Circulatory half-life, organ, and hepatocellular distribution of K1Fgfp were determined following intravenous administration. Internalization of K1Fgfp and effects of phage opsonization on uptake were explored using primary mouse and human LSEC and KC cultures. When inoculated with 107 virions, >95% of the total K1Fgfp load was eliminated from the blood within 20 min, and 94% of the total retrieved K1Fgfp was localized to the liver. Higher doses resulted in slower elimination, possibly reflecting temporary saturation of liver scavenging capacity. Phage DNA was detected in both cell types, with a KC:LSEC ratio of 12:1 per population following cell isolation. Opsonization with plasma proteins increased time-dependent cellular uptake in both LSECs and KCs in vitro. Internalized phages were rapidly transported along the endocytic pathway to lysosomal compartments. Reduced viability of intracellular K1Fgfp corroborated inactivation following endocytosis. This study is the first to identify phage distribution in the liver at the hepatocellular level, confirming clearance of K1Fgfp performed mostly by KCs with a significant uptake also in LSECs.IMPORTANCEFaced with the increasing amounts of bacteria with multidrug antimicrobial resistance, phage therapy has regained attention as a possible treatment option. The phage field has recently experienced an emergence in commercial interest as research has identified new and more efficient ways of identifying and matching phages against resistant superbugs. Currently, phages are unapproved drugs in most parts of the world. For phages to reach broad clinical use, they must be shown to be clinically safe and useful. The results presented herein contribute to increased knowledge about the pharmacokinetics of the T7-like phage K1F in the mammalian system. The cell types of the liver that are responsible for rapid phage blood clearance are identified. Our results highlight the need for more research about appropriate dose regimens when phage therapy is delivered intravenously and advise essential knowledge about cell systems that should be investigated further for detailed phage pharmacodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter McCourt
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Bård Smedsrød
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kim Erlend Mortensen
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Unit, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Antonia P. Sagona
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anett Kristin Larsen
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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4
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Andresen AMS, Taylor RS, Grimholt U, Daniels RR, Sun J, Dobie R, Henderson NC, Martin SAM, Macqueen DJ, Fosse JH. Mapping the cellular landscape of Atlantic salmon head kidney by single cell and single nucleus transcriptomics. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 146:109357. [PMID: 38181891 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Single-cell transcriptomics is the current gold standard for global gene expression profiling, not only in mammals and model species, but also in non-model fish species. This is a rapidly expanding field, creating a deeper understanding of tissue heterogeneity and the distinct functions of individual cells, making it possible to explore the complexities of immunology and gene expression on a highly resolved level. In this study, we compared two single cell transcriptomic approaches to investigate cellular heterogeneity within the head kidney of healthy farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). We compared 14,149 cell transcriptomes assayed by single cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) with 18,067 nuclei transcriptomes captured by single nucleus RNA-Seq (snRNA-seq). Both approaches detected eight major cell populations in common: granulocytes, heamatopoietic stem cells, erythrocytes, mononuclear phagocytes, thrombocytes, B cells, NK-like cells, and T cells. Four additional cell types, endothelial, epithelial, interrenal, and mesenchymal cells, were detected in the snRNA-seq dataset, but appeared to be lost during preparation of the single cell suspension submitted for scRNA-seq library generation. We identified additional heterogeneity and subpopulations within the B cells, T cells, and endothelial cells, and revealed developmental trajectories of heamatopoietic stem cells into differentiated granulocyte and mononuclear phagocyte populations. Gene expression profiles of B cell subtypes revealed distinct IgM and IgT-skewed resting B cell lineages and provided insights into the regulation of B cell lymphopoiesis. The analysis revealed eleven T cell sub-populations, displaying a level of T cell heterogeneity in salmon head kidney comparable to that observed in mammals, including distinct subsets of cd4/cd8-negative T cells, such as tcrγ positive, progenitor-like, and cytotoxic cells. Although snRNA-seq and scRNA-seq were both useful to resolve cell type-specific expression in the Atlantic salmon head kidney, the snRNA-seq pipeline was overall more robust in identifying several cell types and subpopulations. While scRNA-seq displayed higher levels of ribosomal and mitochondrial genes, snRNA-seq captured more transcription factor genes. However, only scRNA-seq-generated data was useful for cell trajectory inference within the myeloid lineage. In conclusion, this study systematically outlines the relative merits of scRNA-seq and snRNA-seq in Atlantic salmon, enhances understanding of teleost immune cell lineages, and provides a comprehensive list of markers for identifying major cell populations in the head kidney with significant immune relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard S Taylor
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rose Ruiz Daniels
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jianxuan Sun
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ross Dobie
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Neil C Henderson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel A M Martin
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J Macqueen
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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5
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Long H, Steimle JD, Grisanti Canozo FJ, Kim JH, Li X, Morikawa Y, Park M, Turaga D, Adachi I, Wythe JD, Samee MAH, Martin JF. Endothelial cells adopt a pro-reparative immune responsive signature during cardiac injury. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202201870. [PMID: 38012001 PMCID: PMC10681909 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulation of the heart's immune microenvironment is crucial for recovery after ischemic events such as myocardial infarction (MI). Endothelial cells (ECs) can have immune regulatory functions; however, interactions between ECs and the immune environment in the heart after MI remain poorly understood. We identified an EC-specific IFN responsive and immune regulatory gene signature in adult and pediatric heart failure (HF) tissues. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of murine hearts subjected to MI uncovered an EC population (IFN-ECs) with immunologic gene signatures similar to those in human HF. IFN-ECs were enriched in regenerative-stage mouse hearts and expressed genes encoding immune responsive transcription factors (Irf7, Batf2, and Stat1). Single-cell chromatin accessibility studies revealed an enrichment of these TF motifs at IFN-EC signature genes. Expression of immune regulatory ligand genes by IFN-ECs suggests bidirectional signaling between IFN-ECs and macrophages in regenerative-stage hearts. Our data suggest that ECs may adopt immune regulatory signatures after cardiac injury to accompany the reparative response. The presence of these signatures in human HF and murine MI models suggests a potential role for EC-mediated immune regulation in responding to stress induced by acute injury in MI and chronic adverse remodeling in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hali Long
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Interdepartmental Program in Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Steimle
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Jong Hwan Kim
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/00r4vsg44 Cardiomyocyte Renewal Laboratory, The Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiao Li
- https://ror.org/00r4vsg44 Cardiomyocyte Renewal Laboratory, The Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuka Morikawa
- https://ror.org/00r4vsg44 Cardiomyocyte Renewal Laboratory, The Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Minjun Park
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Diwakar Turaga
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Iki Adachi
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Section of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joshua D Wythe
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Md Abul Hassan Samee
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James F Martin
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Interdepartmental Program in Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/00r4vsg44 Cardiomyocyte Renewal Laboratory, The Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Center for Organ Repair and Renewal, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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6
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Seternes T, Poppe TT, Bøgwald J, Lynghammar A, Dalmo RA. Anatomical distribution of scavenger endothelial cells in bony fishes (Osteichthyes). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 144:109250. [PMID: 38035950 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The scavenger endothelial cells (SECs) of vertebrates are an important class of endocytic cells responsible for clearance of foreign and physiological waste macromolecules, partitioning in the immune system, functioning as a cellular powerplant by producing high energy metabolites like lactate and acetate. All animal phyla possess SECs, but the tissue localization of SECs has only been investigated in a limited number of species. By using a specific ligand for scavenger receptors (formalin treated bovine serum albumin), the study revealed that in all tetrapod species (amphibia, reptiles, birds and mammals) the SECs were found lining the sinusoids of the liver. No SECs were found in the liver of any of the bony fishes (Osteichthyes) investigated. Interestingly, we found the SECs not only to be located in the heart of marine species but also in some freshwater species such as Lota lota, Percichthys trucha and Perca fluviatilis. In some fish species, the SECs were found both in the heart and/or kidney in a number of marine and freshwater fishes, whereas in some marine, diadromous and freshwater fishes the SECs were confined only to the kidney tissue. However, from these results it can be suggested that there is neither a clear phylogenetic trend when it came to anatomical localization of SECs nor any pattern in terms of habitat (salinity preferences).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tore Seternes
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Trygve T Poppe
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jarl Bøgwald
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Arve Lynghammar
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Roy A Dalmo
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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7
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Kusumoputro S, Au C, Lam KH, Park N, Hyun A, Kusumoputro E, Wang X, Xia T. Liver-Targeting Nanoplatforms for the Induction of Immune Tolerance. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 14:67. [PMID: 38202522 PMCID: PMC10780512 DOI: 10.3390/nano14010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Liver-targeting nanoparticles have emerged as a promising platform for the induction of immune tolerance by taking advantage of the liver's unique tolerogenic properties and nanoparticles' physicochemical flexibility. Such an approach provides a versatile solution to the treatment of a diversity of immunologic diseases. In this review, we begin by assessing the design parameters integral to cell-specific targeting and the tolerogenic induction of nanoplatforms engineered to target the four critical immunogenic hepatic cells, including liver sinusoidal epithelial cells (LSECs), Kupffer cells (KCs), hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and hepatocytes. We also include an overview of multiple therapeutic strategies in which nanoparticles are being studied to treat many allergies and autoimmune disorders. Finally, we explore the challenges of using nanoparticles in this field while highlighting future avenues to expand the therapeutic utility of liver-targeting nanoparticles in autoimmune processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Kusumoputro
- Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA; (S.K.); (N.P.)
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Christian Au
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA;
| | - Katie H. Lam
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA;
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nathaniel Park
- Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA; (S.K.); (N.P.)
| | - Austin Hyun
- Department of Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA;
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Emily Kusumoputro
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;
| | - Xiang Wang
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tian Xia
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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8
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Kyrrestad I, Larsen AK, Sánchez Romano J, Simón-Santamaría J, Li R, Sørensen KK. Infection of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells with Muromegalovirus muridbeta1 involves binding to neuropilin-1 and is dynamin-dependent. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1249894. [PMID: 38029264 PMCID: PMC10665495 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1249894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) are scavenger cells with a remarkably high capacity for clearance of several blood-borne macromolecules and nanoparticles, including some viruses. Endocytosis in LSEC is mainly via the clathrin-coated pit mediated route, which is dynamin-dependent. LSEC can also be a site of infection and latency of betaherpesvirus, but mode of virus entry into these cells has not yet been described. In this study we have investigated the role of dynamin in the early stage of muromegalovirus muridbeta1 (MuHV-1, murid betaherpesvirus 1, murine cytomegalovirus) infection in mouse LSECs. LSEC cultures were freshly prepared from C57Bl/6JRj mouse liver. We first examined dose- and time-dependent effects of two dynamin-inhibitors, dynasore and MitMAB, on cell viability, morphology, and endocytosis of model ligands via different LSEC scavenger receptors to establish a protocol for dynamin-inhibition studies in these primary cells. LSECs were challenged with MuHV-1 (MOI 0.2) ± dynamin inhibitors for 1h, then without inhibitors and virus for 11h, and nuclear expression of MuHV-1 immediate early antigen (IE1) measured by immune fluorescence. MuHV-1 efficiently infected LSECs in vitro. Infection was significantly and independently inhibited by dynasore and MitMAB, which block dynamin function via different mechanisms, suggesting that initial steps of MuHV-1 infection is dynamin-dependent in LSECs. Infection was also reduced in the presence of monensin which inhibits acidification of endosomes. Furthermore, competitive binding studies with a neuropilin-1 antibody blocked LSEC infection. This suggests that MuHV-1 infection in mouse LSECs involves virus binding to neuropilin-1 and occurs via endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingelin Kyrrestad
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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9
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Resseguier J, Nguyen-Chi M, Wohlmann J, Rigaudeau D, Salinas I, Oehlers SH, Wiegertjes GF, Johansen FE, Qiao SW, Koppang EO, Verrier B, Boudinot P, Griffiths G. Identification of a pharyngeal mucosal lymphoid organ in zebrafish and other teleosts: Tonsils in fish? SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadj0101. [PMID: 37910624 PMCID: PMC10619939 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The constant exposure of the fish branchial cavity to aquatic pathogens causes local mucosal immune responses to be extremely important for their survival. Here, we used a marker for T lymphocytes/natural killer (NK) cells (ZAP70) and advanced imaging techniques to investigate the lymphoid architecture of the zebrafish branchial cavity. We identified a sub-pharyngeal lymphoid organ, which we tentatively named "Nemausean lymphoid organ" (NELO). NELO is enriched in T/NK cells, plasma/B cells, and antigen-presenting cells embedded in a network of reticulated epithelial cells. The presence of activated T cells and lymphocyte proliferation, but not V(D)J recombination or hematopoiesis, suggests that NELO is a secondary lymphoid organ. In response to infection, NELO displays structural changes including the formation of T/NK cell clusters. NELO and gill lymphoid tissues form a cohesive unit within a large mucosal lymphoid network. Collectively, we reveal an unreported mucosal lymphoid organ reminiscent of mammalian tonsils that evolved in multiple teleost fish families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Resseguier
- Section for Physiology and Cell Biology, Departments of Biosciences and Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mai Nguyen-Chi
- LPHI, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jens Wohlmann
- Electron-Microscopy laboratory, Departments of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Irene Salinas
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology (CETI), Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Stefan H. Oehlers
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos #05-13, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Geert F. Wiegertjes
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Finn-Eirik Johansen
- Section for Physiology and Cell Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shuo-Wang Qiao
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erling O. Koppang
- Unit of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Bernard Verrier
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, UMR 5305, IBCP, CNRS, University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Boudinot
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Gareth Griffiths
- Section for Physiology and Cell Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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10
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Antwi MB, Dumitriu G, Simón-Santamaria J, Romano JS, Li R, Smedsrød B, Vik A, Eskild W, Sørensen KK. Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells show reduced scavenger function and downregulation of Fc gamma receptor IIb, yet maintain a preserved fenestration in the Glmpgt/gt mouse model of slowly progressing liver fibrosis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293526. [PMID: 37910485 PMCID: PMC10619817 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) are fenestrated endothelial cells with a unique, high endocytic clearance capacity for blood-borne waste macromolecules and colloids. This LSEC scavenger function has been insufficiently characterized in liver disease. The Glmpgt/gt mouse lacks expression of a subunit of the MFSD1/GLMP lysosomal membrane protein transporter complex, is born normal, but soon develops chronic, mild hepatocyte injury, leading to slowly progressing periportal liver fibrosis, and splenomegaly. This study examined how LSEC scavenger function and morphology are affected in the Glmpgt/gt model. FITC-labelled formaldehyde-treated serum albumin (FITC-FSA), a model ligand for LSEC scavenger receptors was administered intravenously into Glmpgt/gt mice, aged 4 months (peak of liver inflammation), 9-10 month, and age-matched Glmpwt/wt mice. Organs were harvested for light and electron microscopy, quantitative image analysis of ligand uptake, collagen accumulation, LSEC ultrastructure, and endocytosis receptor expression (also examined by qPCR and western blot). In both age groups, the Glmpgt/gt mice showed multifocal liver injury and fibrosis. The uptake of FITC-FSA in LSECs was significantly reduced in Glmpgt/gt compared to wild-type mice. Expression of LSEC receptors stabilin-1 (Stab1), and mannose receptor (Mcr1) was almost similar in liver of Glmpgt/gt mice and age-matched controls. At the same time, immunostaining revealed differences in the stabilin-1 expression pattern in sinusoids and accumulation of stabilin-1-positive macrophages in Glmpgt/gt liver. FcγRIIb (Fcgr2b), which mediates LSEC endocytosis of soluble immune complexes was widely and significantly downregulated in Glmpgt/gt liver. Despite increased collagen in space of Disse, LSECs of Glmpgt/gt mice showed well-preserved fenestrae organized in sieve plates but the frequency of holes >400 nm in diameter was increased, especially in areas with hepatocyte damage. In both genotypes, FITC-FSA also distributed to endothelial cells of spleen and bone marrow sinusoids, suggesting that these locations may function as possible compensatory sites of clearance of blood-borne scavenger receptor ligands in liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Boaheng Antwi
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Section of Haematology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gianina Dumitriu
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | | | - Ruomei Li
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Bård Smedsrød
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anders Vik
- Section of Haematology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Winnie Eskild
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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11
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Raith M, Nguyen N, Kauffman SJ, Kang N, Mays J, Dalhaimer P. Obesity and inflammation influence pharmacokinetic profiles of PEG-based nanoparticles. J Control Release 2023; 355:434-445. [PMID: 36758834 PMCID: PMC10006354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Most patients that will be treated with soft nanoparticles (NPs) will be obese. Yet, NP testing, which begins with pharmacokinetic (PK) and toxicity studies, is carried out almost exclusively in lean rodents having healthy livers and low inflammation. To address this knowledge gap, we determined the PK and toxicity of tail-vein-injected, PEG-based cylindrical nanoparticles (CNPs) and PEGylated liposomes (PLs) as a function of obesity, liver health, and inflammation in leptin-deficient ob/ob and wild-type C57BL/6 J mice. CNPs localized faster to obese livers than to healthy livers within 24 h of injection. PLs localized faster to obese livers than to healthy livers but only 30 min post-injection. Afterwards PL localization to lean livers was higher than localization to obese livers. Overall, PL liver signal peaked ∼6 h post-injection in lean mice, ∼24 h post-injection in heavy mice, and ∼ 48 h post-injection in obese mice. CNPs and PLs were non-toxic to mouse livers as assessed by histology; they reduced many cytokine and chemokine levels that were elevated by obesity. Liver macrophage depletion reduced CNP and PL liver localization as expected; liver sinusoidal endothelial cell (LSEC) depletion reduced PL liver localization but surprisingly increased CNP liver localization. The intensity of RAW264.7 macrophages was higher after CNP incubations than with PL incubations; conversely, the intensity of LSECs was higher after PL incubations than with CNP incubations. This shows the potential for key differences in NP-liver interactions. Triggering inflammation by administering lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mice increased CNP liver localization but decreased PL liver localization. The results show that obesity and inflammation in a mouse model and in vitro affect soft PEG-based NP interaction with macrophages and LSECs, but also that these NPs can reduce pro-inflammatory pathways increased by obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitch Raith
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States of America
| | - Nicole Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular, and Molecular Biology, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States of America
| | - Sarah J Kauffman
- Department of Microbiology, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States of America
| | - Namgoo Kang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States of America
| | - Jimmy Mays
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States of America
| | - Paul Dalhaimer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry, Cellular, and Molecular Biology, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States of America.
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12
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Significance of Pulmonary Endothelial Injury and the Role of Cyclooxygenase-2 and Prostanoid Signaling. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:bioengineering10010117. [PMID: 36671689 PMCID: PMC9855370 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The endothelium plays a key role in the dynamic balance of hemodynamic, humoral and inflammatory processes in the human body. Its central importance and the resulting therapeutic concepts are the subject of ongoing research efforts and form the basis for the treatment of numerous diseases. The pulmonary endothelium is an essential component for the gas exchange in humans. Pulmonary endothelial dysfunction has serious consequences for the oxygenation and the gas exchange in humans with the potential of consecutive multiple organ failure. Therefore, in this review, the dysfunction of the pulmonary endothel due to viral, bacterial, and fungal infections, ventilator-related injury, and aspiration is presented in a medical context. Selected aspects of the interaction of endothelial cells with primarily alveolar macrophages are reviewed in more detail. Elucidation of underlying causes and mechanisms of damage and repair may lead to new therapeutic approaches. Specific emphasis is placed on the processes leading to the induction of cyclooxygenase-2 and downstream prostanoid-based signaling pathways associated with this enzyme.
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13
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Nazario LR, de Sousa JS, de Moraes Silveira FS, Costa KM, de Oliveira GMT, Bogo MR, da Silva RS. Participation of ecto-5'-nucleotidase in the inflammatory response in an adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) model. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 260:109402. [PMID: 35779837 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The ecto-5'-nucleotidase is an important source of adenosine in the extracellular medium. Adenosine modulation appears early in evolution and performs several biological functions, including a role as an anti-inflammatory molecule. Here, we evaluate the activity and mRNA expression of ecto-5'-nucleotidase in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) using zebrafish as a model. Adult zebrafish were injected with LPS (10 μg/g). White blood cell differential counts, inflammatory markers, and ecto-5'-nucleotidase activity and expression in the encephalon, kidney, heart, and intestine were evaluated at 2, 12, and 24 h post-injection (hpi). At 2 hpi of LPS, an increase in neutrophils and monocytes in peripheral blood was observed, which was accompanied by increased tnf-α expression in the heart, kidney, and encephalon, and increased cox-2 expression in the intestine and kidney. At 12 hpi, monocytes remained elevated in the peripheral blood, while tnf-α expression was also increased in the intestine. At 24 hpi, the white blood cell differential count no longer differed from that of the control, whereas tnf-α expression remained elevated in the encephalon but reduced in the kidney compared with the controls. AMP hydrolysis in LPS-treated animals was increased in the heart at 24 hpi [72 %; p = 0.029] without affecting ecto-5'-nucleotidase gene expression. These data indicate that, in most tissues studied, inflammation does not affect ecto-5'-nucleotidase activity, whereas in the heart, a delayed increase in ecto-5'-nucleotidase activity could be related to tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Reali Nazario
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, Caixa Postal 1429, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Streb de Sousa
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, Caixa Postal 1429, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Francielle Schroeder de Moraes Silveira
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, Caixa Postal 1429, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Kesiane Mayra Costa
- Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e Vida, PUCRS, Caixa Postal 1429, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Maurício Reis Bogo
- Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e Vida, PUCRS, Caixa Postal 1429, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rosane Souza da Silva
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, Caixa Postal 1429, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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14
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Kotlyarov S. Immune Function of Endothelial Cells: Evolutionary Aspects, Molecular Biology and Role in Atherogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179770. [PMID: 36077168 PMCID: PMC9456046 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the key problems of modern medicine, which is due to the high prevalence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and their significant share in the structure of morbidity and mortality in many countries. Atherogenesis is a complex chain of events that proceeds over many years in the vascular wall with the participation of various cells. Endothelial cells are key participants in vascular function. They demonstrate involvement in the regulation of vascular hemodynamics, metabolism, and innate immunity, which act as leading links in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. These endothelial functions have close connections and deep evolutionary roots, a better understanding of which will improve the prospects of early diagnosis and effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
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15
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Kumar P, Zadjali F, Yao Y, Köttgen M, Hofherr A, Gross KW, Mehta D, Bissler JJ. Single Gene Mutations in Pkd1 or Tsc2 Alter Extracellular Vesicle Production and Trafficking. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050709. [PMID: 35625437 PMCID: PMC9139108 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Extracellular vesicles shed from primary cilia may be involved in renal cystogenesis. The disruption of the Pkd1 gene in our cell culture system increased the production of EVs in a similar way that occurs when the Tsc2 gene is disrupted. Disruption of the primary cilia depresses EV production, and this may be the reason that the combined Kif3A/Pkd1 mutant mouse has a less severe phenotype than the Pkd1 mutant alone. We initiated studies aimed at understanding the renal trafficking of renally-derived EVs and found that single gene disruptions can alter the EV kinetics based on dye tracking studies. These results raise the possibility that EV features, such as cargo, dose, tissue half-life, and targeting, may be involved in the disease process, and these features may also be fertile targets for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic investigation. Abstract Patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) are born with normal or near-normal kidneys that later develop cysts and prematurely lose function. Both renal cystic diseases appear to be mediated, at least in part, by disease-promoting extracellular vesicles (EVs) that induce genetically intact cells to participate in the renal disease process. We used centrifugation and size exclusion chromatography to isolate the EVs for study. We characterized the EVs using tunable resistive pulse sensing, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and Western blot analysis. We performed EV trafficking studies using a dye approach in both tissue culture and in vivo studies. We have previously reported that loss of the Tsc2 gene significantly increased EV production and here demonstrate that the loss of the Pkd1 gene also significantly increases EV production. Using a cell culture system, we also show that loss of either the Tsc2 or Pkd1 gene results in EVs that exhibit an enhanced uptake by renal epithelial cells and a prolonged half-life. Loss of the primary cilia significantly reduces EV production in renal collecting duct cells. Cells that have a disrupted Pkd1 gene produce EVs that have altered kinetics and a prolonged half-life, possibly impacting the duration of the EV cargo effect on the recipient cell. These results demonstrate the interplay between primary cilia and EVs and support a role for EVs in polycystic kidney disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; (P.K.); (F.Z.); (Y.Y.)
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute (CFRI), Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
- US FDA National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA;
| | - Fahad Zadjali
- Department of Pediatrics, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; (P.K.); (F.Z.); (Y.Y.)
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute (CFRI), Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Ying Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; (P.K.); (F.Z.); (Y.Y.)
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute (CFRI), Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Michael Köttgen
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.K.); (A.H.)
- CIBSS—Centre for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexis Hofherr
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.K.); (A.H.)
| | - Kenneth W. Gross
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA;
| | - Darshan Mehta
- US FDA National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA;
| | - John J. Bissler
- Department of Pediatrics, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; (P.K.); (F.Z.); (Y.Y.)
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute (CFRI), Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
- Pediatric Medicine Department, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
- Correspondence:
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16
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Pattipeiluhu R, Arias-Alpizar G, Basha G, Chan KYT, Bussmann J, Sharp TH, Moradi MA, Sommerdijk N, Harris EN, Cullis PR, Kros A, Witzigmann D, Campbell F. Anionic Lipid Nanoparticles Preferentially Deliver mRNA to the Hepatic Reticuloendothelial System. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201095. [PMID: 35218106 PMCID: PMC9461706 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are the leading nonviral technologies for the delivery of exogenous RNA to target cells in vivo. As systemic delivery platforms, these technologies are exemplified by Onpattro, an approved LNP-based RNA interference therapy, administered intravenously and targeted to parenchymal liver cells. The discovery of systemically administered LNP technologies capable of preferential RNA delivery beyond hepatocytes has, however, proven more challenging. Here, preceded by comprehensive mechanistic understanding of in vivo nanoparticle biodistribution and bodily clearance, an LNP-based messenger RNA (mRNA) delivery platform is rationally designed to preferentially target the hepatic reticuloendothelial system (RES). Evaluated in embryonic zebrafish, validated in mice, and directly compared to LNP-mRNA systems based on the lipid composition of Onpattro, RES-targeted LNPs significantly enhance mRNA expression both globally within the liver and specifically within hepatic RES cell types. Hepatic RES targeting requires just a single lipid change within the formulation of Onpattro to switch LNP surface charge from neutral to anionic. This technology not only provides new opportunities to treat liver-specific and systemic diseases in which RES cell types play a key role but, more importantly, exemplifies that rational design of advanced RNA therapies must be preceded by a robust understanding of the dominant nano-biointeractions involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Pattipeiluhu
- Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333 CC, The Netherlands
- BioNanoPatterning, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriela Arias-Alpizar
- Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333 CC, The Netherlands
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Genc Basha
- NanoMedicines Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Karen Y T Chan
- NanoMedicines Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jeroen Bussmann
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas H Sharp
- BioNanoPatterning, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Mohammad-Amin Moradi
- Materials and Interface Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Nico Sommerdijk
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Edward N Harris
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Pieter R Cullis
- NanoMedicines Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- NanoMedicines Innovation Network (NMIN), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- NanoVation Therapeutics Inc., 2405 Wesbrook Mall 4th Floor, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Alexander Kros
- Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Dominik Witzigmann
- NanoMedicines Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- NanoMedicines Innovation Network (NMIN), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- NanoVation Therapeutics Inc., 2405 Wesbrook Mall 4th Floor, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Frederick Campbell
- Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333 CC, The Netherlands
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17
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Bolten JS, Pratsinis A, Alter CL, Fricker G, Huwyler J. Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) larva as an in vivo vertebrate model to study renal function. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022; 322:F280-F294. [PMID: 35037468 PMCID: PMC8858672 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00375.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in using zebrafish (Danio rerio) larva as a vertebrate screening model to study drug disposition. As the pronephric kidney of zebrafish larvae shares high similarity with the anatomy of nephrons in higher vertebrates including humans, we explored in this study whether 3- to 4-day-old zebrafish larvae have a fully functional pronephron. Intravenous injection of fluorescent polyethylene glycol and dextran derivatives of different molecular weight revealed a cutoff of 4.4-7.6 nm in hydrodynamic diameter for passive glomerular filtration, which is in agreement with corresponding values in rodents and humans. Distal tubular reabsorption of a FITC-folate conjugate, covalently modified with PEG2000, via folate receptor 1 was shown. Transport experiments of fluorescent substrates were assessed in the presence and absence of specific inhibitors in the blood systems. Thereby, functional expression in the proximal tubule of organic anion transporter oat (slc22) multidrug resistance-associated protein mrp1 (abcc1), mrp2 (abcc2), mrp4 (abcc4), and zebrafish larva p-glycoprotein analog abcb4 was shown. In addition, nonrenal clearance of fluorescent substrates and plasma protein binding characteristics were assessed in vivo. The results of transporter experiments were confirmed by extrapolation to ex vivo experiments in killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) proximal kidney tubules. We conclude that the zebrafish larva has a fully functional pronephron at 96 h postfertilization and is therefore an attractive translational vertebrate screening model to bridge the gap between cell culture-based test systems and pharmacokinetic experiments in higher vertebrates.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The study of renal function remains a challenge. In vitro cell-based assays are approved to study, e.g., ABC/SLC-mediated drug transport but do not cover other renal functions such as glomerular filtration. Here, in vivo studies combined with in vitro assays are needed, which are time consuming and expensive. In view of these limitations, our proof-of-concept study demonstrates that the zebrafish larva is a translational in vivo test model that allows for mechanistic investigations to study renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Stephan Bolten
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Pratsinis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Luca Alter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gert Fricker
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salsbury Cove, Bar Harbor, Maine
| | - Jörg Huwyler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salsbury Cove, Bar Harbor, Maine
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18
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Bhandari S, Larsen AK, McCourt P, Smedsrød B, Sørensen KK. The Scavenger Function of Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells in Health and Disease. Front Physiol 2021; 12:757469. [PMID: 34707514 PMCID: PMC8542980 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.757469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to give an outline of the blood clearance function of the liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) in health and disease. Lining the hundreds of millions of hepatic sinusoids in the human liver the LSECs are perfectly located to survey the constituents of the blood. These cells are equipped with high-affinity receptors and an intracellular vesicle transport apparatus, enabling a remarkably efficient machinery for removal of large molecules and nanoparticles from the blood, thus contributing importantly to maintain blood and tissue homeostasis. We describe here central aspects of LSEC signature receptors that enable the cells to recognize and internalize blood-borne waste macromolecules at great speed and high capacity. Notably, this blood clearance system is a silent process, in the sense that it usually neither requires or elicits cell activation or immune responses. Most of our knowledge about LSECs arises from studies in animals, of which mouse and rat make up the great majority, and some species differences relevant for extrapolating from animal models to human are discussed. In the last part of the review, we discuss comparative aspects of the LSEC scavenger functions and specialized scavenger endothelial cells (SECs) in other vascular beds and in different vertebrate classes. In conclusion, the activity of LSECs and other SECs prevent exposure of a great number of waste products to the immune system, and molecules with noxious biological activities are effectively “silenced” by the rapid clearance in LSECs. An undesired consequence of this avid scavenging system is unwanted uptake of nanomedicines and biologics in the cells. As the development of this new generation of therapeutics evolves, there will be a sharp increase in the need to understand the clearance function of LSECs in health and disease. There is still a significant knowledge gap in how the LSEC clearance function is affected in liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabin Bhandari
- Vascular Biology Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø (UiT) - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anett Kristin Larsen
- Vascular Biology Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø (UiT) - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Peter McCourt
- Vascular Biology Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø (UiT) - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Bård Smedsrød
- Vascular Biology Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø (UiT) - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Karen Kristine Sørensen
- Vascular Biology Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø (UiT) - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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19
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Huisman Y, Uphoff K, Berger M, Dobrindt U, Schelhaas M, Zobel T, Bussmann J, van Impel A, Schulte-Merker S. Meningeal lymphatic endothelial cells fulfill scavenger endothelial cell function and cooperate with microglia in waste removal from the brain. Glia 2021; 70:35-49. [PMID: 34487573 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Brain lymphatic endothelial cells (BLECs) constitute a group of loosely connected endothelial cells that reside within the meningeal layer of the zebrafish brain without forming a vascular tubular system. BLECs have been shown to readily endocytose extracellular cargo molecules from the brain parenchyma, however, their functional relevance in relation to microglia remains enigmatic. We here compare their functional uptake efficiency for several macromolecules and bacterial components with microglia in a qualitative and quantitative manner in 5-day-old zebrafish embryos. We find BLECs to be significantly more effective in the uptake of proteins, polysaccharides and virus particles as compared to microglia, while larger particles like bacteria are only ingested by microglia but not by BLECs, implying a clear distribution of tasks between the two cell types in the brain area. In addition, we compare BLECs to the recently discovered scavenger endothelial cells (SECs) of the cardinal vein and find them to accept an identical set of substrate molecules. Our data identifies BLECs as the first brain-associated SEC population in vertebrates, and demonstrates that BLECs cooperate with microglia to remove particle waste from the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Huisman
- Institute of Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany.,Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Uphoff
- Institute of Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | | | - Mario Schelhaas
- Faculty of Medicine, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany.,Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany.,Institute of Cellular Virology, ZMBE, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Zobel
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany.,Imaging Network, Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre, WWU Münster, Germany
| | - Jeroen Bussmann
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden, 2333CC, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas van Impel
- Institute of Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany.,Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Schulte-Merker
- Institute of Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany.,Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany
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20
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Seternes T, Bøgwald J, Dalmo RA. Scavenger endothelial cells of fish, a review. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2021; 44:1385-1397. [PMID: 33999444 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The definition of scavenger endothelial cells (SEC) is exclusively based on functional and structural characteristics. The following characteristics are common hallmarks for the vertebrate SEC: (a) All vertebrates examined are furnished with a population of special SEC that plays a role in the catabolism of physiologic and non-physiologic soluble waste macromolecules. (b) From the ligands that are endocytosed, SEC in all seven vertebrate classes appear to express the collagen α-chain receptor and the scavenger receptors. In addition, the hyaluronan and the mannose receptors are present on SEC of mammalia (several species) and osteichthyes (e.g., salmon and cod). It is likely that all four receptor types are present in all vertebrate classes. (c) Like liver endothelial cells (LEC) in mammals, SEC in all vertebrate classes are geared to endocytosis of soluble macromolecules, but phagocytic uptake of particles is taken care of mainly by macrophages. (d) The most primitive vertebrates (hagfish, lamprey and ray) carry their SEC in gill vessels, whereas phylogenetically younger fishes (salmon, carp, cod and plaice) carry their SEC in either kidney or heart and in all terrestrial vertebrates-SEC are found exclusively in the liver. (e) SEC of all vertebrates are localized in blood sinusoids or trabeculae that carry large amounts of slowly flowing and O2 poor blood. (f) SEC differs functionally and structurally from what is normally associated with "conventional vascular endothelium."
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Affiliation(s)
- Tore Seternes
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jarl Bøgwald
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Roy A Dalmo
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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21
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Ruan B, Duan JL, Xu H, Tao KS, Han H, Dou GR, Wang L. Capillarized Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells Undergo Partial Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition to Actively Deposit Sinusoidal ECM in Liver Fibrosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:671081. [PMID: 34277612 PMCID: PMC8285099 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.671081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-specific endothelial cells are more than simply a barrier lining capillaries and are proved to be capable of remarkable plasticity to become active collagen matrix-producing myofibroblasts (MFs) in solid organs with fibrosis. Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) also participate in the development of hepatic fibrosis, but the exact roles and underlying mechanism have been poorly understood in addition to capillarization. In this study, we demonstrate, by using single-cell RNA sequencing, lineage tracing, and colocalization analysis, that fibrotic LSECs undergo partial endothelial mesenchymal transition (EndMT) with a subset of LSECs acquiring an MF-like phenotype. These phenotypic changes make LSECs substantial producers of extracellular matrix (ECM) preferentially deposited in liver sinusoids but not septal/portal scars as demonstrated by immunofluorescence in animal models and patients with fibrosis/cirrhosis, likely due to their limited migration. Bioinformatic analysis verifies that LSECs undergo successive phenotypic transitions from capillarization to mesenchymal-like cells in liver fibrosis. Furthermore, blockade of LSEC capillarization by using YC-1, a selective eNOS-sGC activator, effectively attenuates liver damage and fibrogenesis as well as mesenchymal features of LSECs, suggesting that capillarization of LSECs might be upstream to their mesenchymal transition during fibrosis. In conclusion, we report that capillarized LSECs undergo a partial EndMT characterized by increased ECM production without activating cell mobility, leading to perisinusoidal ECM deposition that aggravate liver function and fibrogenesis. Targeting this transitional process may be of great value for antifibrotic treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai Ruan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi-Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Aviation Medicine, Center of Clinical Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan-Li Duan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi-Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi-Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kai-Shan Tao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi-Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hua Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi-Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guo-Rui Dou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi-Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi-Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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22
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Bartneck M. Lipid nanoparticle formulations for targeting leukocytes with therapeutic RNA in liver fibrosis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 173:70-88. [PMID: 33774114 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and low-grade inflammation are promoters of a multitude of diseases including liver fibrosis. Activation of the mobile leukocytes has a major impact on the outcome of inflammatory disease and can hence foster or mitigate liver fibrosis. This renders immunological targets valuable for directed interventions using nanomedicines. Particularly, RNA-based drugs formulated as lipid nanoparticles (LNP) can open new avenues for the personalized treatment of liver fibrosis both through specific interference and via the induction of the expression of functional and therapeutic proteins. Using microfluidics technology, all components, including lipid-anchored targeting ligands, are assembled in a single-step mixing process. A highlight is set to immunologically relevant liver cell types that are most vulnerable for being reached by LNP. A selection of LNP from other therapeutic fields applicable for reaching these cells in liver fbrosis is summarized. Furthermore, recent proceedings and major obstacles in the field of these targeted LNP are presented.
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23
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Stabilin-1 is required for the endothelial clearance of small anionic nanoparticles. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2021; 34:102395. [PMID: 33838334 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Clearance of nanoparticles (NPs) after intravenous injection - mainly by the liver - is a critical barrier for the clinical translation of nanomaterials. Physicochemical properties of NPs are known to influence their distribution through cell-specific interactions; however, the molecular mechanisms responsible for liver cellular NP uptake are poorly understood. Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and Kupffer cells are critical participants in this clearance process. Here we use a zebrafish model for liver-NP interaction to identify the endothelial scavenger receptor Stabilin-1 as a non-redundant receptor for the clearance of small anionic NPs. Furthermore, we show that physiologically, Stabilin-1 is required for the removal of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS/endotoxin) from circulation and that Stabilin-1 cooperates with its homolog Stabilin-2 in the clearance of larger (~100 nm) anionic NPs. Our findings allow optimization of anionic nanomedicine biodistribution and targeting therapies that use Stabilin-1 and -2 for liver endothelium-specific delivery.
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24
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Fosse JH, Haraldsen G, Falk K, Edelmann R. Endothelial Cells in Emerging Viral Infections. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:619690. [PMID: 33718448 PMCID: PMC7943456 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.619690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There are several reasons to consider the role of endothelial cells in COVID-19 and other emerging viral infections. First, severe cases of COVID-19 show a common breakdown of central vascular functions. Second, SARS-CoV-2 replicates in endothelial cells. Third, prior deterioration of vascular function exacerbates disease, as the most common comorbidities of COVID-19 (obesity, hypertension, and diabetes) are all associated with endothelial dysfunction. Importantly, SARS-CoV-2's ability to infect endothelium is shared by many emerging viruses, including henipaviruses, hantavirus, and highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, all specifically targeting endothelial cells. The ability to infect endothelium appears to support generalised dissemination of infection and facilitate the access to certain tissues. The disturbed vascular function observed in severe COVID-19 is also a prominent feature of many other life-threatening viral diseases, underscoring the need to understand how viruses modulate endothelial function. We here review the role of vascular endothelial cells in emerging viral infections, starting with a summary of endothelial cells as key mediators and regulators of vascular and immune responses in health and infection. Next, we discuss endotheliotropism as a possible virulence factor and detail features that regulate viruses' ability to attach to and enter endothelial cells. We move on to review how endothelial cells detect invading viruses and respond to infection, with particular focus on pathways that may influence vascular function and the host immune system. Finally, we discuss how endothelial cell function can be dysregulated in viral disease, either by viral components or as bystander victims of overshooting or detrimental inflammatory and immune responses. Many aspects of how viruses interact with the endothelium remain poorly understood. Considering the diversity of such mechanisms among different emerging viruses allows us to highlight common features that may be of general validity and point out important challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guttorm Haraldsen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pathology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Falk
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway.,AquaMed Consulting AS, Oslo, Norway
| | - Reidunn Edelmann
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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25
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Bhandari S, Li R, Simón-Santamaría J, McCourt P, Johansen SD, Smedsrød B, Martinez-Zubiaurre I, Sørensen KK. Transcriptome and proteome profiling reveal complementary scavenger and immune features of rat liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and liver macrophages. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:85. [PMID: 33246411 PMCID: PMC7694354 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-020-00331-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) and Kupffer cells (KCs; liver resident macrophages) form the body's most effective scavenger cell system for the removal of harmful blood-borne substances, ranging from modified self-proteins to pathogens and xenobiotics. Controversies in the literature regarding the LSEC phenotype pose a challenge when determining distinct functionalities of KCs and LSECs. This may be due to overlapping functions of the two cells, insufficient purification and/or identification of the cells, rapid dedifferentiation of LSECs in vitro, or species differences. We therefore characterized and quantitatively compared expressed gene products of freshly isolated, highly pure LSECs (fenestrated SE-1/FcγRIIb2+) and KCs (CD11b/c+) from Sprague Dawley, Crl:CD (SD), male rats using high throughput mRNA-sequencing and label-free proteomics. RESULTS We observed a robust correlation between the proteomes and transcriptomes of the two cell types. Integrative analysis of the global molecular profile demonstrated the immunological aspects of LSECs. The constitutive expression of several immune genes and corresponding proteins of LSECs bore some resemblance with the expression in macrophages. LSECs and KCs both expressed high levels of scavenger receptors (SR) and C-type lectins. Equivalent expression of SR-A1 (Msr1), mannose receptor (Mrc1), SR-B1 (Scarb1), and SR-B3 (Scarb2) suggested functional similarity between the two cell types, while functional distinction between the cells was evidenced by LSEC-specific expression of the SRs stabilin-1 (Stab1) and stabilin-2 (Stab2), and the C-type lectins LSECtin (Clec4g) and DC-SIGNR (Clec4m). Many immune regulatory factors were differentially expressed in LSECs and KCs, with one cell predominantly expressing a specific cytokine/chemokine and the other cell the cognate receptor, illustrating the complex cytokine milieu of the sinusoids. Both cells expressed genes and proteins involved in antigen processing and presentation, and lymphocyte co-stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support complementary and partly overlapping scavenging and immune functions of LSECs and KCs. This highlights the importance of including LSECs in studies of liver immunity, and liver clearance and toxicity of large molecule drugs and nano-formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabin Bhandari
- Department of Medical Biology, Vascular Biology Research Group, University of Tromsø (UiT) -The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ruomei Li
- Department of Medical Biology, Vascular Biology Research Group, University of Tromsø (UiT) -The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jaione Simón-Santamaría
- Department of Medical Biology, Vascular Biology Research Group, University of Tromsø (UiT) -The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Peter McCourt
- Department of Medical Biology, Vascular Biology Research Group, University of Tromsø (UiT) -The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Steinar Daae Johansen
- Department of Medical Biology, Vascular Biology Research Group, University of Tromsø (UiT) -The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway.,Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Bård Smedsrød
- Department of Medical Biology, Vascular Biology Research Group, University of Tromsø (UiT) -The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway.
| | | | - Karen Kristine Sørensen
- Department of Medical Biology, Vascular Biology Research Group, University of Tromsø (UiT) -The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
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26
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Olsavszky V, Sticht C, Schmid CD, Winkler M, Wohlfeil SA, Olsavszky A, Schledzewski K, Géraud C, Goerdt S, Leibing T, Koch PS. Exploring the transcriptomic network of multi-ligand scavenger receptor Stabilin-1- and Stabilin-2-deficient liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. Gene 2020; 768:145284. [PMID: 33130055 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Class H scavenger receptors Stabilin-1 (Stab1) and Stabilin-2 (Stab2) are two of the most highly expressed genes in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs). While Stab1-deficient (Stab1KO) and Stab2-deficient (Stab2KO) mice are phenotypically unremarkable, Stab1/2-double-deficient (StabDKO) mice exhibit perisinusoidal liver fibrosis, glomerulofibrotic nephropathy and a reduced life expectancy. These conditions are caused by insufficiently scavenged circulating noxious blood factors. The effects of either Stab-single- or double-deficiency on LSEC differentiation and function, however, have not yet been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, we performed comprehensive transcriptomic analyses of primary LSECs from Stab1KO, Stab2KO and StabDKO mice. Microarray analysis revealed dysregulation of pathways and genes involved in established LSEC functions while sinusoidal endothelial marker gene expression was grossly unchanged. 82 genes were significantly altered in Stab1KO, 96 genes in Stab2KO and 238 genes in StabDKO compared with controls; 42 genes were found to be commonly dysregulated in all three groups and all of these genes were downregulated. These commonly downregulated genes (CDGs) were categorized as "potential scavengers," "cell adhesion molecules," "TGF-β/BMP-signaling" or "collagen and extracellular matrix (ECM) components". Among CDGs, Colec10, Lumican and Decorin, were the most strongly down-regulated genes and the corresponding proteins impact on the interaction of LSECs with chemokines, ECM components and carbohydrate structures. Similarly, "chemokine signaling," "cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction" and "ECM-receptor interaction," were the GSEA categories which represented most of the downregulated genes in Stab1KO and Stab2KO LSECs. In summary, our data show that loss of a single Stabilin scavenger receptor - and to a greater extent of both receptors - profoundly alters the transcriptomic repertoire of LSECs. These alterations may affect LSEC-specific functions, especially interactions of LSECs with the ECM and during inflammation as well as clearance of the peripheral blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Olsavszky
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim 68167, Germany.
| | - Carsten Sticht
- Center for Medical Research, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Christian D Schmid
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Manuel Winkler
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Sebastian A Wohlfeil
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim 68167, Germany; Section of Clinical and Molecular Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ana Olsavszky
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim 68167, Germany; Section of Clinical and Molecular Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Kai Schledzewski
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Cyrill Géraud
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim 68167, Germany; Section of Clinical and Molecular Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Sergij Goerdt
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim 68167, Germany; European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Thomas Leibing
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim 68167, Germany; Section of Clinical and Molecular Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Philipp-Sebastian Koch
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim 68167, Germany; European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68167, Germany
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27
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Sultan H, Salazar AM, Celis E. Poly-ICLC, a multi-functional immune modulator for treating cancer. Semin Immunol 2020; 49:101414. [PMID: 33011064 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2020.101414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapies have become the first line of treatment for many cancer types. Unfortunately, only a small fraction of patients benefits from these therapies. This low rate of success can be attributed to 3 main barriers: 1) low frequency of anti-tumor specific T cells; 2) lack of infiltration of the anti-tumor specific T cells into the tumor parenchyma and 3) accumulation of highly suppressive cells in the tumor mass that inhibit the effector function of the anti-tumor specific T cells. Thus, the identification of immunomodulators that can increase the frequency and/or the infiltration of antitumor specific T cells while reducing the suppressive capacity of the tumor microenvironment is necessary to ensure the effectiveness of T cell immunotherapies. In this review, we discuss the potential of poly-ICLC as a multi-functional immune modulator for treating cancer and its impact on the 3 above mentioned barriers. We describe the unique capacity of poly-ICLC in stimulating 2 separate pattern recognition receptors, TLR3 and cytosolic MDA5 and the consequences of these activations on cytokines and chemokines production. We emphasize the role of poly-ICLC as an adjuvant in the setting of peptide-based cancer vaccines and in situ tumor vaccination by mimicking natural immune responses to infections. Finally, we summarize the impact of poly-ICLC in enhancing T infiltration into the tumor parenchyma and address the implication of this finding in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Sultan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | | | - Esteban Celis
- Cancer Immunology Inflammation and Tolerance Program, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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28
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Hayashi Y, Takamiya M, Jensen PB, Ojea-Jiménez I, Claude H, Antony C, Kjaer-Sorensen K, Grabher C, Boesen T, Gilliland D, Oxvig C, Strähle U, Weiss C. Differential Nanoparticle Sequestration by Macrophages and Scavenger Endothelial Cells Visualized in Vivo in Real-Time and at Ultrastructural Resolution. ACS NANO 2020; 14:1665-1681. [PMID: 31922724 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b07233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite the common knowledge that the reticuloendothelial system is largely responsible for blood clearance of systemically administered nanoparticles, the sequestration mechanism remains a "black box". Using transgenic zebrafish embryos with cell type-specific fluorescent reporters and fluorescently labeled model nanoparticles (70 nm SiO2), we here demonstrate simultaneous three-color in vivo imaging of intravenously injected nanoparticles, macrophages, and scavenger endothelial cells (SECs). The trafficking processes were further revealed at ultrastructural resolution by transmission electron microscopy. We also find, using a correlative light-electron microscopy approach, that macrophages rapidly sequester nanoparticles via membrane adhesion and endocytosis (including macropinocytosis) within minutes after injection. In contrast, SECs trap single nanoparticles via scavenger receptor-mediated endocytosis, resulting in gradual sequestration with a time scale of hours. Inhibition of the scavenger receptors prevented SECs from accumulating nanoparticles but enhanced uptake in macrophages, indicating the competitive nature of nanoparticle clearance in vivo. To directly quantify the relative contributions of the two cell types to overall nanoparticle sequestration, the differential sequestration kinetics was studied within the first 30 min post-injection. This revealed a much higher and increasing relative contribution of SECs, as they by far outnumber macrophages in zebrafish embryos, suggesting the importance of the macrophage:SECs ratio in a given tissue. Further characterizing macrophages on their efficiency in nanoparticle clearance, we show that inflammatory stimuli diminish the uptake of nanoparticles per cell. Our study demonstrates the strength of transgenic zebrafish embryos for intravital real-time and ultrastructural imaging of nanomaterials that may provide mechanistic insights into nanoparticle clearance in rodent models and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Hayashi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics , Aarhus University , Gustav Wieds Vej 10 , 8000 Aarhus C , Denmark
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 , 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany
| | - Masanari Takamiya
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 , 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany
| | - Pia Bomholt Jensen
- iNANO Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center , Aarhus University , Gustav Wieds Vej 14 , 8000 Aarhus C , Denmark
| | - Isaac Ojea-Jiménez
- Institute for Health and Consumer Protection , European Commission Joint Research Centre , Via E. Fermi 2749 , 21027 Ispra , Varese , Italy
| | - Hélicia Claude
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 , 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany
| | - Claude Antony
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 , 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany
| | - Kasper Kjaer-Sorensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics , Aarhus University , Gustav Wieds Vej 10 , 8000 Aarhus C , Denmark
| | - Clemens Grabher
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 , 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany
| | - Thomas Boesen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics , Aarhus University , Gustav Wieds Vej 10 , 8000 Aarhus C , Denmark
- iNANO Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center , Aarhus University , Gustav Wieds Vej 14 , 8000 Aarhus C , Denmark
| | - Douglas Gilliland
- Institute for Health and Consumer Protection , European Commission Joint Research Centre , Via E. Fermi 2749 , 21027 Ispra , Varese , Italy
| | - Claus Oxvig
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics , Aarhus University , Gustav Wieds Vej 10 , 8000 Aarhus C , Denmark
| | - Uwe Strähle
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 , 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany
| | - Carsten Weiss
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 , 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany
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Kalucka J, de Rooij LP, Goveia J, Rohlenova K, Dumas SJ, Meta E, Conchinha NV, Taverna F, Teuwen LA, Veys K, García-Caballero M, Khan S, Geldhof V, Sokol L, Chen R, Treps L, Borri M, de Zeeuw P, Dubois C, Karakach TK, Falkenberg KD, Parys M, Yin X, Vinckier S, Du Y, Fenton RA, Schoonjans L, Dewerchin M, Eelen G, Thienpont B, Lin L, Bolund L, Li X, Luo Y, Carmeliet P. Single-Cell Transcriptome Atlas of Murine Endothelial Cells. Cell 2020; 180:764-779.e20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells contribute to the uptake and degradation of entero bacterial viruses. Sci Rep 2020; 10:898. [PMID: 31965000 PMCID: PMC6972739 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57652-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is constantly exposed to dietary antigens, viruses, and bacterial products with inflammatory potential. For decades cellular uptake of virus has been studied in connection with infection, while the few studies designed to look into clearance mechanisms focused mainly on the role of macrophages. In recent years, attention has been directed towards the liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), which play a central role in liver innate immunity by their ability to scavenge pathogen- and damage-associated molecular patterns. Every day our bodies are exposed to billions of gut-derived pathogens which must be efficiently removed from the circulation to prevent inflammatory and/or immune reactions in other vascular beds. Here, we have used GFP-labelled Enterobacteria phage T4 (GFP-T4-phage) as a model virus to study the viral scavenging function and metabolism in LSECs. The uptake of GFP-T4-phages was followed in real-time using deconvolution microscopy, and LSEC identity confirmed by visualization of fenestrae using structured illumination microscopy. By combining these imaging modalities with quantitative uptake and inhibition studies of radiolabelled GFP-T4-phages, we demonstrate that the bacteriophages are effectively degraded in the lysosomal compartment. Due to their high ability to take up and degrade circulating bacteriophages the LSECs may act as a primary anti-viral defence mechanism.
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31
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Verweij FJ, Revenu C, Arras G, Dingli F, Loew D, Pegtel DM, Follain G, Allio G, Goetz JG, Zimmermann P, Herbomel P, Del Bene F, Raposo G, van Niel G. Live Tracking of Inter-organ Communication by Endogenous Exosomes In Vivo. Dev Cell 2019; 48:573-589.e4. [PMID: 30745143 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by most cell types but providing evidence for their physiological relevance remains challenging due to a lack of appropriate model organisms. Here, we developed an in vivo model to study EV function by expressing CD63-pHluorin in zebrafish embryos. A combination of imaging methods and proteomic analysis allowed us to study biogenesis, composition, transfer, uptake, and fate of individual endogenous EVs. We identified a subpopulation of EVs with exosome features, released in a syntenin-dependent manner from the yolk syncytial layer into the blood circulation. These exosomes are captured, endocytosed, and degraded by patrolling macrophages and endothelial cells in the caudal vein plexus (CVP) in a scavenger receptor- and dynamin-dependent manner. Interference with exosome biogenesis affected CVP growth, suggesting a role in trophic support. Altogether, our work represents a system for studying endogenous EV function in vivo with high spatiotemporal accuracy, demonstrating functional inter-organ communication by exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik J Verweij
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR144, Paris 75005, France; Institute for Psychiatry and Neuroscience Paris, Hopital Saint-Anne, Université Descartes, INSERM U894, Paris 75014, France.
| | - Celine Revenu
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U934, CNRS UMR3215, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75005, France
| | - Guillaume Arras
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Centre de Recherche, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, Paris, France
| | - Florent Dingli
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Centre de Recherche, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, Paris, France
| | - Damarys Loew
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Centre de Recherche, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, Paris, France
| | - D Michiel Pegtel
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gautier Follain
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Guillaume Allio
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jacky G Goetz
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pascale Zimmermann
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille 13284, France
| | - Philippe Herbomel
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, 25 rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France
| | - Filippo Del Bene
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U934, CNRS UMR3215, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75005, France
| | - Graça Raposo
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR144, Paris 75005, France
| | - Guillaume van Niel
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR144, Paris 75005, France; Institute for Psychiatry and Neuroscience Paris, Hopital Saint-Anne, Université Descartes, INSERM U894, Paris 75014, France.
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Campbell F, Bos FL, Sieber S, Arias-Alpizar G, Koch BE, Huwyler J, Kros A, Bussmann J. Directing Nanoparticle Biodistribution through Evasion and Exploitation of Stab2-Dependent Nanoparticle Uptake. ACS NANO 2018; 12:2138-2150. [PMID: 29320626 PMCID: PMC5876619 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b06995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Up to 99% of systemically administered nanoparticles are cleared through the liver. Within the liver, most nanoparticles are thought to be sequestered by macrophages (Kupffer cells), although significant nanoparticle interactions with other hepatic cells have also been observed. To achieve effective cell-specific targeting of drugs through nanoparticle encapsulation, improved mechanistic understanding of nanoparticle-liver interactions is required. Here, we show the caudal vein of the embryonic zebrafish ( Danio rerio) can be used as a model for assessing nanoparticle interactions with mammalian liver sinusoidal (or scavenger) endothelial cells (SECs) and macrophages. We observe that anionic nanoparticles are primarily taken up by SECs and identify an essential requirement for the scavenger receptor, stabilin-2 ( stab2) in this process. Importantly, nanoparticle-SEC interactions can be blocked by dextran sulfate, a competitive inhibitor of stab2 and other scavenger receptors. Finally, we exploit nanoparticle-SEC interactions to demonstrate targeted intracellular drug delivery resulting in the selective deletion of a single blood vessel in the zebrafish embryo. Together, we propose stab2 inhibition or targeting as a general approach for modifying nanoparticle-liver interactions of a wide range of nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Campbell
- Department
of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry (LIC), Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- E-mail:
| | - Frank L. Bos
- Hubrecht-Institute-KNAW
and University Medical Centre and Centre for Biomedical Genetics, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sandro Sieber
- Division
of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela Arias-Alpizar
- Department
of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry (LIC), Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bjørn E. Koch
- Department
of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute Biology
Leiden (IBL), Leiden University, P.O.
Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jörg Huwyler
- Division
of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Kros
- Department
of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry (LIC), Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- E-mail:
| | - Jeroen Bussmann
- Department
of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry (LIC), Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department
of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute Biology
Leiden (IBL), Leiden University, P.O.
Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- E-mail:
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33
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Challenges of Antibody Drug Conjugates in Cancer Therapy: Current Understanding of Mechanisms and Future Strategies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40495-018-0122-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Kochan K, Kus E, Filipek A, Szafrańska K, Chlopicki S, Baranska M. Label-free spectroscopic characterization of live liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) isolated from the murine liver. Analyst 2017; 142:1308-1319. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an02063a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Imaging with the use of Raman spectroscopy enables the characterization and distinction of live cells that were freshly isolated from murine livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Kochan
- Centre for Biospectroscopy and School of Chemistry
- Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET)
| | - E. Kus
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET)
- Jagiellonian University
- Krakow
- Poland
| | - A. Filipek
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET)
- Jagiellonian University
- Krakow
- Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry
| | - K. Szafrańska
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET)
- Jagiellonian University
- Krakow
- Poland
| | - S. Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET)
- Jagiellonian University
- Krakow
- Poland
- Chair of Pharmacology
| | - M. Baranska
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET)
- Jagiellonian University
- Krakow
- Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry
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35
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Scavenging Endothelium of Pancreatic Islets: Differential Expression of Stabilin-1 and Stabilin-2 in Mice and Humans. Pancreas 2017; 46:e4-e5. [PMID: 27977633 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
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36
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Houben T, Brandsma E, Walenbergh SMA, Hofker MH, Shiri-Sverdlov R. Oxidized LDL at the crossroads of immunity in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1862:416-429. [PMID: 27472963 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is viewed as the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome and is a condition hallmarked by lipid accumulation in the liver (steatosis) along with inflammation (hepatitis). Currently, the etiology and mechanisms leading to obesity-induced hepatic inflammation are not clear and, as a consequence, strategies to diagnose or treat NASH in an accurate manner do not exist. In the current review, we put forward the concept of oxidized lipids as a significant risk factor for NASH. We will focus on the contribution of the different types of oxidized lipids as part of the oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) to the hepatic inflammatory response. Furthermore, we will elaborate on the underlying mechanisms linking oxLDL to inflammatory responses in the liver and on how these cascades can be used as therapeutic targets to combat NASH. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Lipid modification and lipid peroxidation products in innate immunity and inflammation edited by Christoph J. Binder.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Houben
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Maastricht University, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - E Brandsma
- Molecular Genetics Section, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - S M A Walenbergh
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Maastricht University, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - M H Hofker
- Molecular Genetics Section, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - R Shiri-Sverdlov
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Maastricht University, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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37
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Ham B, Fernandez MC, D’Costa Z, Brodt P. The diverse roles of the TNF axis in cancer progression and metastasis. TRENDS IN CANCER RESEARCH 2016; 11:1-27. [PMID: 27928197 PMCID: PMC5138060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is a multi-step process that ultimately depends on the ability of disseminating cancer cells to establish favorable communications with their microenvironment. The tumor microenvironment consists of multiple and continuously changing cellular and molecular components. One of the factors regulating the tumor microenvironment is TNF-α, a pleiotropic cytokine that plays key roles in apoptosis, angiogenesis, inflammation and immunity. TNF-α can have both pro- and anti-tumoral effects and these are transmitted via two major receptors, the 55 kDa TNFR1 and the 75 kDa TNFR2 that have distinct, as well as overlapping functions. TNFR1 is ubiquitously expressed while the expression of TNFR2 is more restricted, mainly to immune cells. While TNFR1 can transmit pro-apoptotic or pro-survival signals through a complex network of downstream mediators, the role of TNFR2 is less well understood. One of its main functions is to act as a survival factor and moderate the pro-apoptotic effects of TNFR1, particularly in immune cells. In this review, we summarize the evidence for the involvement of the TNF system in the progression of the metastatic process from its contribution to the early steps of tumor cell invasion to its role in the colonization of distant sites, particularly the liver. We show how the TNF receptors each contribute to these processes by regulating and shaping the tumor microenvironment. Current evidence and concepts on the potential use of TNF targeting agents for cancer prevention and therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boram Ham
- Department of Medicine, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Maria Celia Fernandez
- Department of Surgery, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Zarina D’Costa
- Department of Surgery, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Pnina Brodt
- Department of Medicine, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
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38
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Li J, Gao J, Jiang M, Chen J, Liu Z, Chen P, Liang S. Rat liver sinusoidal surface N-linked glycoproteomic analysis by affinity enrichment and mass spectrometric identification. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2015; 80:260-75. [PMID: 25761681 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297915030025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation in liver is one of the most biologically important protein modifications. It plays critical roles in many physiological and pathological processes by virtue of its unique location at the blood-tissue interface, including angiogenesis, liver cancer, cirrhosis, and fibrosis. To analyze glycosylation of plasma membrane proteins in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC), N-glycopeptides of the LSEC surface were enriched using a filter-assisted sample preparation-based lectin affinity capture method and subsequently identified with mass spectrometry. In total, 225 unique N-glycosylation sites on 152 glycoproteins were identified, of which 119 (53%) sites had not previously been determined experimentally. Among the glycoproteins, 53% were classified as plasma membrane proteins and 47 (31%) as signaling proteins and receptors. Moreover, 23 cluster of differentiation antigens with 49 glycopeptides were detected within the membrane glycoproteins of the liver sinusoidal surface. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis revealed that the majority of identified glycoproteins have an impact on processes of LSEC. Therefore, N-glycoproteomic analysis of the liver sinusoidal surface may provide useful information on liver regeneration and facilitate liver disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianglin Li
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, P. R. China.
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39
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Lu X, Tran TH, Jia F, Tan X, Davis S, Krishnan S, Amiji MM, Zhang K. Providing Oligonucleotides with Steric Selectivity by Brush-Polymer-Assisted Compaction. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:12466-9. [PMID: 26378378 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b08069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Difficult biopharmaceutical characteristics of oligonucleotides, such as poor enzymatic stability, rapid clearance by reticuloendothelial organs, immunostimulation, and coagulopathies, limit their application as therapeutics. Many of these side effects are initiated via sequence-specific or nonsequence-specific interactions with proteins. Herein, we report a novel form of brush-polymer/DNA conjugate that provides the DNA with nanoscale steric selectivity: Hybridization kinetics with complementary DNA remains nearly unaffected, but interactions with proteins are significantly retarded. The relative lengths of the brush side chain and the DNA strand are found to play a critical role in the degree of selectivity. Being able to evade protein adhesion also improves in vivo biodistribution, thus making these molecular nanostructures promising materials for oligonucleotide-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueguang Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and ‡Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Thanh-Huyen Tran
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and ‡Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Fei Jia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and ‡Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Xuyu Tan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and ‡Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Sage Davis
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and ‡Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Swathi Krishnan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and ‡Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Mansoor M Amiji
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and ‡Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and ‡Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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40
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Sørensen KK, Simon‐Santamaria J, McCuskey RS, Smedsrød B. Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells. Compr Physiol 2015; 5:1751-74. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c140078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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41
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Maslak E, Gregorius A, Chlopicki S. Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) function and NAFLD; NO-based therapy targeted to the liver. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:689-94. [PMID: 26321269 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) present unique, highly specialised endothelial cells in the body. Unlike the structure and function of typical, vascular endothelial cells, LSECs are comprised of fenestrations, display high endocytic capacity and play a prominent role in maintaining overall liver homeostasis. LSEC dysfunction has been regarded as a key event in multiple liver disorders; however, its role and diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic significance in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is still neglected. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the importance of LSECs in NAFLD. Attention is focused on the LSECs-mediated NO-dependent mechanisms in NAFLD development. We briefly describe the unique, highly specialised phenotype of LSECs and consequences of LSEC dysfunction on function of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) and hepatocytes. The potential efficacy of liver selective NO donors against liver steatosis and novel treatment approaches to modulate LSECs-driven liver pathology including NAFLD are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Maslak
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Gregorius
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland; Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
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42
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Usta OB, McCarty WJ, Bale S, Hegde M, Jindal R, Bhushan A, Golberg I, Yarmush ML. Microengineered cell and tissue systems for drug screening and toxicology applications: Evolution of in-vitro liver technologies. TECHNOLOGY 2015; 3:1-26. [PMID: 26167518 PMCID: PMC4494128 DOI: 10.1142/s2339547815300012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The liver performs many key functions, the most prominent of which is serving as the metabolic hub of the body. For this reason, the liver is the focal point of many investigations aimed at understanding an organism's toxicological response to endogenous and exogenous challenges. Because so many drug failures have involved direct liver toxicity or other organ toxicity from liver generated metabolites, the pharmaceutical industry has constantly sought superior, predictive in-vitro models that can more quickly and efficiently identify problematic drug candidates before they incur major development costs, and certainly before they are released to the public. In this broad review, we present a survey and critical comparison of in-vitro liver technologies along a broad spectrum, but focus on the current renewed push to develop "organs-on-a-chip". One prominent set of conclusions from this review is that while a large body of recent work has steered the field towards an ever more comprehensive understanding of what is needed, the field remains in great need of several key advances, including establishment of standard characterization methods, enhanced technologies that mimic the in-vivo cellular environment, and better computational approaches to bridge the gap between the in-vitro and in-vivo results.
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Affiliation(s)
- O B Usta
- Center for Engineering in Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospital for Children, 51 Blossom St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - W J McCarty
- Center for Engineering in Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospital for Children, 51 Blossom St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - S Bale
- Center for Engineering in Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospital for Children, 51 Blossom St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - M Hegde
- Center for Engineering in Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospital for Children, 51 Blossom St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - R Jindal
- Center for Engineering in Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospital for Children, 51 Blossom St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - A Bhushan
- Center for Engineering in Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospital for Children, 51 Blossom St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - I Golberg
- Center for Engineering in Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospital for Children, 51 Blossom St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - M L Yarmush
- Center for Engineering in Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospital for Children, 51 Blossom St., Boston, MA 02114, USA ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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43
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Giugliano S, Kriss M, Golden-Mason L, Dobrinskikh E, Stone AEL, Soto-Gutierrez A, Mitchell A, Khetani SR, Yamane D, Stoddard M, Li H, Shaw GM, Edwards MG, Lemon SM, Gale M, Shah VH, Rosen HR. Hepatitis C virus infection induces autocrine interferon signaling by human liver endothelial cells and release of exosomes, which inhibits viral replication. Gastroenterology 2015; 148:392-402.e13. [PMID: 25447848 PMCID: PMC4765499 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2014.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) make up a large proportion of the nonparenchymal cells in the liver. LSECs are involved in induction of immune tolerance, but little is known about their functions during hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. METHODS Primary human LSECs (HLSECs) and immortalized liver endothelial cells (TMNK-1) were exposed to various forms of HCV, including full-length transmitted/founder virus, sucrose-purified Japanese fulminant hepatitis-1 (JFH-1), a virus encoding a luciferase reporter, and the HCV-specific pathogen-associated molecular pattern molecules. Cells were analyzed by confocal immunofluorescence, immunohistochemical, and polymerase chain reaction assays. RESULTS HLSECs internalized HCV, independent of cell-cell contacts; HCV RNA was translated but not replicated. Through pattern recognition receptors (Toll-like receptor 7 and retinoic acid-inducible gene 1), HCV RNA induced consistent and broad transcription of multiple interferons (IFNs); supernatants from primary HLSECs transfected with HCV-specific pathogen-associated molecular pattern molecules increased induction of IFNs and IFN-stimulated genes in HLSECs. Recombinant type I and type III IFNs strongly up-regulated HLSEC transcription of IFN λ3 (IFNL3) and viperin (RSAD2), which inhibit replication of HCV. Compared with CD8(+) T cells, HLSECs suppressed HCV replication within Huh7.5.1 cells, also inducing IFN-stimulated genes in co-culture. Conditioned media from IFN-stimulated HLSECs induced expression of antiviral genes by uninfected primary human hepatocytes. Exosomes, derived from HLSECs after stimulation with either type I or type III IFNs, controlled HCV replication in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Cultured HLSECs produce factors that mediate immunity against HCV. HLSECs induce self-amplifying IFN-mediated responses and release of exosomes with antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Giugliano
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hepatitis C Center, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Michael Kriss
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hepatitis C Center, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Lucy Golden-Mason
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hepatitis C Center, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Integrated Department in Immunology: University of Colorado Denver and National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Evgenia Dobrinskikh
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Amy E L Stone
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Alejandro Soto-Gutierrez
- Department of Pathology, Center for Innovative Regenerative Therapies, Department of Surgery, Transplantation Section, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine and the Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Angela Mitchell
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hepatitis C Center, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Integrated Department in Immunology: University of Colorado Denver and National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Salman R Khetani
- Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Daisuke Yamane
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Mark Stoddard
- Department of Medicine and Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Medicine and Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - George M Shaw
- Department of Medicine and Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael G Edwards
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Stanley M Lemon
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Michael Gale
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Vijay H Shah
- Mayo Clinic, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Hugo R Rosen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hepatitis C Center, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Integrated Department in Immunology: University of Colorado Denver and National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; Eastern Colorado Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Denver, Colorado.
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Liu HH, Li JJ. Aging and dyslipidemia: a review of potential mechanisms. Ageing Res Rev 2015; 19:43-52. [PMID: 25500366 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Elderly adults constitute a rapidly growing part of the global population, thus resulting in an increase in morbidity and mortality related to cardiovascular disease (CVD), which remains the major cause of death in elderly population, including men and women. Dyslipidemia is a well-established risk factor for CVD and is estimated to account for more than half of the worldwide cases of coronary artery disease (CAD). Many studies have shown a strong correlation between serum cholesterol levels and risk of developing CAD. In this paper, we review the changes of plasma lipids that occur in men and women during aging and the potential mechanisms of age-related disorders of lipoprotein metabolism covering humans and/or animals, in which changes of the liver sinusoidal endothelium, postprandial lipemia, insulin resistance induced by free fatty acid (FFA), growth hormone (GH), androgen (only for men) and expression and activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) are mainly focused.
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Simon-Santamaria J, Rinaldo CH, Kardas P, Li R, Malovic I, Elvevold K, McCourt P, Smedsrød B, Hirsch HH, Sørensen KK. Efficient uptake of blood-borne BK and JC polyomavirus-like particles in endothelial cells of liver sinusoids and renal vasa recta. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111762. [PMID: 25375646 PMCID: PMC4222947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) are specialized scavenger cells that mediate high-capacity clearance of soluble waste macromolecules and colloid material, including blood-borne adenovirus. To explore if LSECs function as a sink for other viruses in blood, we studied the fate of virus-like particles (VLPs) of two ubiquitous human DNA viruses, BK and JC polyomavirus, in mice. Like complete virions, VLPs specifically bind to receptors and enter cells, but unlike complete virions, they cannot replicate. 125I-labeled VLPs were used to assess blood decay, organ-, and hepatocellular distribution of ligand, and non-labeled VLPs to examine cellular uptake by immunohisto- and -cytochemistry. BK- and JC-VLPs rapidly distributed to liver, with lesser uptake in kidney and spleen. Liver uptake was predominantly in LSECs. Blood half-life (∼1 min), and tissue distribution of JC-VLPs and two JC-VLP-mutants (L55F and S269F) that lack sialic acid binding affinity, were similar, indicating involvement of non-sialic acid receptors in cellular uptake. Liver uptake was not mediated by scavenger receptors. In spleen, the VLPs localized to the red pulp marginal zone reticuloendothelium, and in kidney to the endothelial lining of vasa recta segments, and the transitional epithelium of renal pelvis. Most VLP-positive vessels in renal medulla did not express PV-1/Meca 32, suggesting location to the non-fenestrated part of vasa recta. The endothelial cells of these vessels also efficiently endocytosed a scavenger receptor ligand, formaldehyde-denatured albumin, suggesting high endocytic activity compared to other renal endothelia. We conclude that LSECs very effectively cleared a large fraction of blood-borne BK- and JC-VLPs, indicating a central role of these cells in early removal of polyomavirus from the circulation. In addition, we report the novel finding that a subpopulation of endothelial cells in kidney, the main organ of polyomavirus persistence, showed selective and rapid uptake of VLPs, suggesting a role in viremic organ tropism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christine Hanssen Rinaldo
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Piotr Kardas
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ruomei Li
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ivana Malovic
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kjetil Elvevold
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Peter McCourt
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Bård Smedsrød
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Hans H. Hirsch
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karen Kristine Sørensen
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- * E-mail:
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Lammel T, Navas JM. Graphene nanoplatelets spontaneously translocate into the cytosol and physically interact with cellular organelles in the fish cell line PLHC-1. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 150:55-65. [PMID: 24642293 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Graphene and graphene derivatives constitute a novel class of carbon-based nanomaterials being increasingly produced and used in technical and consumer applications. Release of graphene nanoplatelets during the life cycle of these applications may result in human and environmental exposure calling for assessment of their potential to cause harm to humans and wildlife. This study aimed to assess the toxicity of graphene oxide (GO) and carboxyl graphene (CXYG) nanoplatelets to non-mammalian species using the fish cell line PLHC-1 as in vitro model. The cytotoxicity of GO and CXYG was assessed using different assays measuring alterations in plasma membrane integrity, metabolic activity, and lysosomal and mitochondrial function. The induction of oxidative stress was assessed by measuring intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Interaction with the plasma membrane and internalization of nanoplatelets were investigated by electron microscopy. Graphene nanoplatelets spontaneously penetrated through the plasma membrane and accumulated in the cytosol, where they further interacted with mitochondrial and nuclear membranes. PLHC-1 cells demonstrated significantly reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and increased ROS levels at 16 μg/ml GO and CXYG (72 h), but barely any decrease in cell viability. The observation of intracellular graphene accumulations not enclosed by membranes suggests that GO and CXYG internalization in fish hepatoma cells occurs through an endocytosis-independent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Lammel
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Departamento de Medio Ambiente, Carretera de la Coruña Km 7.5, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - José M Navas
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Departamento de Medio Ambiente, Carretera de la Coruña Km 7.5, Madrid 28040, Spain.
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Luque A, González Granja A, González L, Tafalla C. Establishment and characterization of a rainbow trout heart endothelial cell line with susceptibility to viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 38:255-264. [PMID: 24698994 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the current work, we have established and characterized a novel cell line from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The cell line, designated as RTH (rainbow trout heart), was obtained by immortalizing heart cells with recombinant retroviruses that transduced polyoma middle T antigen. This is the first time such a strategy is used to obtain an immortalized fish cell line. The cells showed an endothelial-like morphology and characteristics, constitutively transcribing collagen, selectin and VCAM (vascular cell adhesion molecule), as well as different chemokines and chemokine receptors, but not cytokeratin. As already described for heart endothelial cells, RTH cells actively phagocytized latex beads. Furthermore, RTH cells showed a high susceptibility to viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV). VHSV modulated the transcription of Mx, major histocompatibility complex II (MHC-II), VCAM and many of the chemokine and chemokine receptors expressed in these cells. Therefore, RTH cells constitute an excellent model to study the immune regulation of endothelial cells in fish and their role in leukocyte extravasation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Luque
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Lucia González
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Tafalla
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain.
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Lympho-granulocytic tissue associated with the wall of the spiral valve in the African lungfish Protopterus annectens. Cell Tissue Res 2013; 355:397-407. [PMID: 24253466 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-013-1746-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We describe the structure of the lympho-granulocytic tissue associated with the wall of the spiral valve of the African lungfish Protopterus annectens. The study was performed under freshwater conditions and after 6 months of aestivation. The lympho-granulocytic tissue consists of nodes surrounded by reticular tissue. The nodes are formed by an outer and an inner component separated by a thin collagenous layer. The outer component is a reticular-like tissue that contains two types of granulocytes, developing and mature plasma cells and melanomacrophage centres (MMCs). The inner component, the parenchyma, contains a meshwork of trabeculae and vascular sinusoids and shows dark and pale areas. The dark areas contain diffuse lymphoid tissue, with a large number of mitoses and plasma cell clusters. The pale areas contain a small number of macrophages and lymphocytes. Macrophages and sinus endothelial cells are filled with haemosiderin granules and appear to form part of the reticuloendothelial system of the lungfish. The reticular tissue houses granulocytes, plasma cells and MMCs and might serve for the housing and maturation of cells of the white series. After aestivation, the nodes undergo lymphocyte depletion, the suppression of mitosis, granulocyte invasion and the occurrence of cell death. By contrast, few histological changes occur in the reticular tissue. Whereas the nodes appear to be involved in lymphocyte proliferation and plasma cell maturation, the function of the reticular tissue remains obscure.
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Abstract
Since the discovery of hepatitis C virus (HCV) by molecular cloning almost a quarter of a century ago, unprecedented at the time because the virus had never been grown in cell culture or detected serologically, there have been impressive strides in many facets of our understanding of the natural history of the disease, the viral life cycle, the pathogenesis, and antiviral therapy. It is apparent that the virus has developed multiple strategies to evade immune surveillance and eradication. This Review covers what we currently understand of the temporal and spatial immunological changes within the human innate and adaptive host immune responses that ultimately determine the outcomes of HCV infection.
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