1
|
Lin Z, Wan AH, Sun L, Liang H, Niu Y, Deng Y, Yan S, Wang QP, Bu X, Zhang X, Hu K, Wan G, He W. N6-methyladenosine demethylase FTO enhances chemo-resistance in colorectal cancer through SIVA1-mediated apoptosis. Mol Ther 2023; 31:517-534. [PMID: 36307991 PMCID: PMC9931553 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most pervasive RNA modification and is recognized as a novel epigenetic regulation in RNA metabolism. Although the m6A modification involves various physiological processes, its roles in drug resistance in colorectal cancer (CRC) still remain unknown. We analyzed the RNA expression profile of m6A/A (%) with MRM mass spectrometry in human 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-resistant CRC tissues, and used the m6A RNA immunoprecipitation assay to validate the m6A-regulated target. Our results have shown that the m6A demethylase FTO was up-regulated in human primary and 5-FU-resistant CRC. Depletion of FTO decreased cell growth, colony formation and metastasis in 5-FU-resistant CRC cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we identified SIVA1, a critical apoptotic gene, as a key downstream target of the FTO-mediated m6A demethylation. The m6A demethylation of SIVA1 at the CDS region induced its mRNA degradation via a YTHDF2-dependent mechanism. The SIVA1 levels were negatively correlated with the FTO levels in clinical CRC tissues. Notably, inhibition of FTO significantly reduced the tolerance of 5-FU in 5-FU-resistant CRC cells via the FTO-SIVA1 axis, whereas SIVA1-depletion could restore the m6A-dependent 5-FU sensitivity in CRC cells. In summary, our findings demonstrate a critical role of FTO as an m6A demethylase enhancing chemo-resistance in CRC cells, and suggest that FTO inhibition may restore the sensitivity of chemo-resistant CRC cells to 5-FU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyou Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, National Engineering Research Center for New Drug and Druggability (Cultivation), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Arabella H Wan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Lei Sun
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, National Engineering Research Center for New Drug and Druggability (Cultivation), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Heng Liang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, National Engineering Research Center for New Drug and Druggability (Cultivation), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yi Niu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, National Engineering Research Center for New Drug and Druggability (Cultivation), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuan Deng
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, National Engineering Research Center for New Drug and Druggability (Cultivation), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shijia Yan
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, National Engineering Research Center for New Drug and Druggability (Cultivation), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qiao-Ping Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xianzhang Bu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, National Engineering Research Center for New Drug and Druggability (Cultivation), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, National Engineering Research Center for New Drug and Druggability (Cultivation), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kunhua Hu
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Guohui Wan
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, National Engineering Research Center for New Drug and Druggability (Cultivation), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Weiling He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Center for Precision Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alsagaby SA. Transcriptomics-Based Investigation of Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Apoptosis Induced by ZnO Nanoparticles in Human Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:2261-2281. [PMID: 35611214 PMCID: PMC9124502 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s355408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) show anti-cancer activity. Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) is a type of B-cell malignancies with unsatisfying treatment outcomes. This study was set to assess the potential of ZnO NPs to selectively induce apoptosis in human DLBCL cells (OCI-LY3), and to describe possible molecular mechanisms of action. Methods The impact of ZnO NPs on DLBCL cells and normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was studied using cytotoxicity assay and flow-cytometry. Transcriptomics analysis was conducted to identify ZnO NPs-dependent changes in the transcriptomic profiles of DLBCL cells. Results ZnO NPs selectively induced apoptosis in DLBCL cells, and caused changes in their transcriptomes. Deferential gene expression (DGE) with fold change (FC) ≥3 and p ≤ 0.008 with corrected p ≤ 0.05 was identified for 528 genes; 125 genes were over-expressed and 403 genes were under-expressed in ZnO NPs-treated DLBCL cells. The over-expressed genes involved in biological processes and pathways like stress response to metal ion, cellular response to zinc ion, metallothioneins bind metals, oxidative stress, and negative regulation of growth. In contrast, the under-expressed genes were implicated in DNA packaging complex, signaling by NOTCH, negative regulation of gene expression by epigenetic, signaling by WNT, M phase of cell cycle, and telomere maintenance. Setting the FC to ≥1.5 with p ≤ 0.05 and corrected p ≤ 0.1 showed ZnO NPs to induce over-expression of anti-oxidant genes and under-expression of oncogenes; target B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway and NF-κB pathway; and promote apoptosis by intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. Discussion Overall, ZnO NPs selectively induced apoptosis in DLBCL cells, and possible molecular mechanisms of action were described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suliman A Alsagaby
- Department of Medical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, AL-Majmaah, 11932, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Suliman A Alsagaby, Email
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Coccia E, Solé M, Comella JX. FAIM-L - SIVA-1: Two Modulators of XIAP in Non-Apoptotic Caspase Function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:826037. [PMID: 35083225 PMCID: PMC8784879 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.826037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is crucial for the correct development of the nervous system. In adulthood, the same protein machinery involved in programmed cell death can control neuronal adaptiveness through modulation of synaptic pruning and synaptic plasticity processes. Caspases are the main executioners in these molecular pathways, and their strict regulation is essential to perform neuronal remodeling preserving cell survival. FAIM-L and SIVA-1 are regulators of caspase activation. In this review we will focus on FAIM-L and SIVA-1 as two functional antagonists that modulate non-apoptotic caspase activity in neurons. Their participation in long-term depression and neurite pruning will be described in base of the latest studies performed. In addition, the association of FAIM-L non-apoptotic functions with the neurodegeneration process will be reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Coccia
- Cell Signaling and Apoptosis Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica I Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Montse Solé
- Cell Signaling and Apoptosis Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica I Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Joan X Comella
- Cell Signaling and Apoptosis Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica I Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Palrasu M, Zaika E, El-Rifai W, Garcia-Buitrago M, Piazuelo MB, Wilson KT, Peek RM, Zaika AI. Bacterial CagA protein compromises tumor suppressor mechanisms in gastric epithelial cells. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:2422-2434. [PMID: 32250340 DOI: 10.1172/jci130015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately half of the world's population is infected with the stomach pathogen Helicobacter pylori. Infection with H. pylori is the main risk factor for distal gastric cancer. Bacterial virulence factors, such as the oncoprotein CagA, augment cancer risk. Yet despite high infection rates, only a fraction of H. pylori-infected individuals develop gastric cancer. This raises the question of defining the specific host and bacterial factors responsible for gastric tumorigenesis. To investigate the tumorigenic determinants, we analyzed gastric tissues from human subjects and animals infected with H. pylori bacteria harboring different CagA status. For laboratory studies, well-defined H. pylori strain B128 and its cancerogenic derivative strain 7.13, as well as various bacterial isogenic mutants were employed. We found that H. pylori compromises key tumor suppressor mechanisms: the host stress and apoptotic responses. Our studies showed that CagA induces phosphorylation of XIAP E3 ubiquitin ligase, which enhances ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of the host proapoptotic factor Siva1. This process is mediated by the PI3K/Akt pathway. Inhibition of Siva1 by H. pylori increases survival of human cells with damaged DNA. It occurs in a strain-specific manner and is associated with the ability to induce gastric tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manikandan Palrasu
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Elena Zaika
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Monica Garcia-Buitrago
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Maria Blanca Piazuelo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Keith T Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Richard M Peek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alexander I Zaika
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sáenz JB, Mills JC. Helicobacter pylori: preying on SIVA for survival in the stomach. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:2183-2185. [PMID: 32250343 DOI: 10.1172/jci135508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with the Gram-negative bacterium Helicobacter pylori remains the most important modifiable risk factor for the development of gastric cancer, a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. How the interactions between H. pylori and its host shape the gastric environment during chronic infection warrants further investigation. In this issue of the JCI, Palrasu et al. used human cell lines and mouse models to provide mechanistic insight into H. pylori's ability to delay apoptosis in gastric epithelial cells by actively driving the degradation of a proapoptotic factor, SIVA1. Their findings suggest that promoting the survival of gastric epithelial cells has implications not only for H. pylori pathogenesis but for host tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José B Sáenz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Jason C Mills
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine.,Department of Developmental Biology, and.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang XT, Li L, Kong FB, Zhong XG, Mai W. Lentivirus-Mediated Overexpression of SIVA-1 Reverses Cisplatin Resistance in Gastric Cancer in vitro. Cell Biochem Biophys 2020; 78:455-463. [PMID: 32648086 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-020-00929-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
SIVA-1 plays a critical role in the induction of apoptosis in a number of different cell lines and participates in the mechanism of cisplatin (DDP)-mediated antitumor effects. However, the involvement of SIVA-1 in cisplatin resistance in gastric carcinoma has not been revealed. To explore the effect of SIVA-1 on DDP resistance, a recombinant pGV358-GFP-SIVA-1 lentiviral vector was constructed and transfected into human cisplatin-resistant MKN45/DDP gastric cancer cells. Subsequently, stable SIVA-1 overexpression was established in MKN45/DDP cells, which resulted in increased DDP sensitivity in MKN45/DDP cells in vitro. Flow cytometry demonstrated that SIVA-1 overexpression increased the percentage of apoptotic cells compared to that in the control. The colony formation assay clearly revealed that cell growth and proliferation were significantly suppressed following SIVA-1 overexpression. In addition, overexpression of SIVA-1 inhibited the migratory and invasive potential of MKN45/DDP cells in vitro. Western blot analysis indicated that SIVA-1 increased the expression levels of p53, p73, and p14ARF, whereas it reduced Bcl-2, MDM2, and Bcl-xL expression. In short, SIVA-1 upregulated the protein expression of p53, p73, and p14ARF and decreased that of Bcl-2, MDM2, and Bcl-xL in vitro and subsequently reversed cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer cells, suggesting that SIVA-1 serves as a valuable potential target for attenuating chemotherapy resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tong Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Peripheral Vascular Surgery, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Peripheral Vascular Surgery, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Fan-Biao Kong
- Department of Surgery, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China.
| | - Xiao-Gang Zhong
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Peripheral Vascular Surgery, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China.
| | - Wei Mai
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Peripheral Vascular Surgery, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Alsagaby SA, Vijayakumar R, Premanathan M, Mickymaray S, Alturaiki W, Al-Baradie RS, AlGhamdi S, Aziz MA, Alhumaydhi FA, Alzahrani FA, Alwashmi AS, Al Abdulmonem W, Alharbi NK, Pepper C. Transcriptomics-Based Characterization of the Toxicity of ZnO Nanoparticles Against Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:7901-7921. [PMID: 33116508 PMCID: PMC7568638 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s261636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have recently attracted attention as potential anti-cancer agents. To the best of our knowledge, the toxicity of ZnO NPs against human chronic myeloid leukemia cells (K562 cell line) has not been studied using transcriptomics approach. OBJECTIVE The goals of this study were to evaluate the capability of ZnO NPs to induce apoptosis in human chronic myeloid leukemia cells (K562 cells) and to investigate the putative mechanisms of action. METHODS We used viability assay and flowcytometry coupled with Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide to investigate the toxicity of ZnO NPs on K562 cells and normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Next we utilized a DNA microarray-based transcriptomics approach to characterize the ZnO NPs-induced changes in the transcriptome of K562 cells. RESULTS ZnO NPs exerted a selective toxicity (mainly by apoptosis) on the leukemic cells (p≤0.005) and altered their transcriptome; 429 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with fold change (FC)≥4 and p≤0.008 with corrected p≤0.05 were identified in K562 cells post treatment with ZnO NPs. The over-expressed genes were implicated in "response to zinc", "response to toxic substance" and "negative regulation of growth" (corrected p≤0.05). In contrast, the repressed genes positively regulated "cell proliferation", "cell migration", "cell adhesion", "receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT" and "phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling" (corrected p≤0.05). Lowering the FC to ≥1.5 with p≤0.05 and corrected p≤0.1 showed that ZnO NPs over-expressed the anti-oxidant defense system, drove K562 cells to undergo mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis, and targeted NF-κB pathway. CONCLUSION Taken together, our findings support the earlier studies that reported anti-cancer activity of ZnO NPs and revealed possible molecular mechanisms employed by ZnO NPs to induce apoptosis in K562 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suliman A Alsagaby
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah11932, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajendran Vijayakumar
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah11932, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariappan Premanathan
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah11932, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suresh Mickymaray
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah11932, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael Alturaiki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah11932, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raid S Al-Baradie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah11932, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh AlGhamdi
- Clinical Research Department, Research Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Aziz
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh11426, Saudi Arabia
- Colorectal Cancer Research Program, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A Alhumaydhi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal A Alzahrani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ameen S Alwashmi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Al Abdulmonem
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Khalaf Alharbi
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh11426, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Infectious Disease Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chris Pepper
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cell Death Pathways in Ischemic Stroke and Targeted Pharmacotherapy. Transl Stroke Res 2020; 11:1185-1202. [PMID: 32219729 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-020-00806-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the significant causes of morbidity and mortality, affecting millions of people across the globe. Cell injury in the infarct region is an inevitable consequence of focal cerebral ischemia. Subsequent reperfusion exacerbates the harmful effect and increases the infarct volume. These cellular injuries follow either a regulated pathway involving tightly structured signaling cascades and molecularly defined effector mechanisms or a non-regulated pathway, also known as accidental cell death, where the process is biologically uncontrolled. Classical cell death pathways are long established and well reported in several articles that majorly define apoptotic cell death. A recent focus on cell death study also considers investigation on non-classical pathways that are tightly regulated, may or may not involve caspases, but non-apoptotic. Pathological cell death is a cardinal feature of different neurodegenerative diseases. Although ischemia cannot be classified as a neurodegenerative disease, it is a cerebrovascular event where the infarct region exhibits aberrant cell death. Over the past few decades, several therapeutic options have been implicated for ischemic stroke. However, their use has been hampered owing to the number of limitations that they possess. Ischemic penumbral neurons undergo apoptosis and become dysfunctional; however, they are salvageable. Thus, understanding the role of different cell death pathways is crucial to aid in the modern treatment of protecting apoptotic neurons.
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu T, Ma Y, Wang Z, Zhang W, Yang X. Siva 1 Inhibits Cervical Cancer Progression and Its Clinical Prognosis Significance. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:303-311. [PMID: 32021444 PMCID: PMC6970243 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s232994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cervical cancer is the second most common female malignancies. But the exact etiology of cervical cancer is still under investigation. Recent observations revealed that the loss expression of Siva 1 was related to several different types of tumors. It could play an indispensable role in both exogenous and endogenous apoptotic signaling pathways. Nevertheless, the relationship between Siva 1 expression and cervical cancer progression has not yet been fully clarified. This study aimed to explore the functional role of Siva1 in cervical cancer. Materials and Methods In this present experiment, expression of Siva 1 was detected in 87 cervical cancer, 34 CIN and 20 normal samples by immunohistochemistry. The correlation of Siva 1 expression and overall survival times (OS) was analyzed by Kaplan–Meier analysis. We up-regulated the expression of Siva 1 by plasmid pCMV3-Siva 1 in C33A cells. CCK8, flow cytometry, wound-healing, and transwell assays were performed to examine the influences of Siva 1 expression on cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion. Results The expression of Siva 1 was decreased in cervical cancer tissues compared with CIN and normal tissues. In addition, the Siva 1 immunoreactivity was significantly associated with tumor differentiation. Patients with Siva 1 negative staining exhibited a significantly decreased overall survival. Then, we established stable Siva 1 ectopic expression cells, and we found that elevated expression of Siva 1 promoted apoptosis, inhibited proliferation, and suppressed migration and invasion of cervical cancer cells. Conclusion The present study revealed a crucial role of Siva 1 in tumor progression and it may be a valuable prognostic indicator of cervical cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifei Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiling Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingsheng Yang
- Department of Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Siva plays a critical role in mouse embryonic development. Cell Death Differ 2019; 27:297-309. [PMID: 31164717 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0358-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Siva protein, named after the Hindu God of Destruction, plays important roles in apoptosis in various contexts, including downstream of death receptor activation or p53 tumor suppressor engagement. The function of Siva in organismal development and homeostasis, however, has remained uncharacterized. Here, we generate Siva knockout mice to characterize the physiological function of Siva in vivo. Interestingly, we find that Siva deficiency causes early embryonic lethality accompanied by multiple phenotypes, including developmental delay, abnormal neural tube closure, and defective placenta and yolk sac formation. Examination of Siva expression during embryogenesis shows that Siva is expressed in both embryonic and extra-embryonic tissues, including within the mesoderm, which may explain the vascular defects observed in the placenta and yolk sac. The embryonic phenotypes caused by Siva loss are not rescued by p53 deficiency, nor do they resemble those of p53 null embryos, suggesting that the embryonic function of Siva is not related to the p53 pathway. Moreover, loss of the Ripk3 necroptosis protein does not rescue the observed lethality or developmental defects, suggesting that Siva may play a non-apoptotic role in development. Collectively, these studies reveal a key role for Siva in proper embryonic development.
Collapse
|
11
|
Vachtenheim J, Lischke R, Vachtenheim J. Siva-1 emerges as a tissue-specific oncogene beyond its classic role of a proapoptotic gene. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:6361-6367. [PMID: 30319276 PMCID: PMC6171514 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s173001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Siva-1 is a typical apoptotic protein commonly activated by the p53 tumor suppressor protein and should therefore participate in a barrier against the development of cancer. It has proapoptotic activities in various cell systems. Recent findings suggest that Siva-1 possesses several other apoptosis-independent functions and interacts with many other proteins not directly involved in apoptosis. It harbors the ARF E3 ubiquitin protein ligase activity, a property that is clearly prooncogenic and leads to p53 degradation through the upregulation of the Hdm2 protein level. Surprisingly, recent evidence shows that Siva-1 absence prevents the development of non-small cell lung carcinomas in a mouse model and reveals the oncogenic roles in the same types of human cells, indicating its unique function as an oncogene in the cell context-dependent manner. Herein, we review reported activities of Siva-1 in various experimental settings and comment on its ambiguous function in tumor biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Vachtenheim
- Third Department of Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Lischke
- Third Department of Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Vachtenheim
- Department of Transcription and Cell Signaling, Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Charles University Prague, Czech Republic,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kopru CZ, Cagnan I, Akar I, Esendagli G, Korkusuz P, Gunel-Ozcan A. Dual Effect of Glucocorticoid-Induced Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Receptor Ligand Carrying Mesenchymal Stromal Cells on Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Preliminary in vitro Study. Cytotherapy 2018; 20:930-940. [PMID: 30180943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS TNFR family member glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor-related receptor (GITR/TNFRSF18) activation by its ligand glucocorticoid-induced TNF-related receptor ligand (GITRL) have important roles in proliferation, death and differentiation of cells. Some types of small cell lung cancers (SCLCs) express GITR. Because mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) may target tumor cells, we aimed to investigate the effect of MSCs carrying GITRL overexpressing plasmid on the proliferation and viability of a GITR+ SCLC cell line (SCLC-21H) compared with a GITR- SCLC cell line (NCI-H82). METHODS Electroporation was used to transfer pGITRL (GITRL gene carrying plasmid) or pCR3 (mock plasmid) into MSCs. Flow cytometry and semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to characterize the transfected MSCs. Following SCLC-21H or NCI-H82 cell lines were co-cultured with pGITRL-MSCs. RESULTS Proliferation of NCI-H82 was increased in all types of co-cultures while SCLC-21H cells did not. GITRL expressing MSCs were able to induce cell death of SCLC-21H through the upregulation of SIVA1 apoptosis inducing factor. CONCLUSIONS The influence of MSCs on SCLC cells can vary according to the cancer cell subtypes as obtained in SCLC-21H and NCI-H82 and enabling GITR-GITRL interaction can induce cell death of SCLC cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cagla Zubeyde Kopru
- Department of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ilgin Cagnan
- Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Irem Akar
- Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gunes Esendagli
- Department of Basic Oncology, Cancer Institute, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Petek Korkusuz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aysen Gunel-Ozcan
- Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) as a pro-fibrotic and pro-oncogenic factor: a pivotal target to improve the radiotherapy therapeutic index. Oncotarget 2018; 8:43543-43554. [PMID: 28402936 PMCID: PMC5522168 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced fibrosis is widely considered as a common but forsaken phenomenon that can lead to clinical sequela and possibly vital impairments. Lysophosphatidic acid is a bioactive lipid involved in fibrosis and probably in radiation-induced fibrosis as suggested in recent studies. Lysophosphatidic acid is also a well-described pro-oncogenic factor, involved in carcinogenesis processes (proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, invasion, migration). The present review highlights and summarizes the links between lysophosphatidic acid and radiation-induced fibrosis, lysophosphatidic acid and radioresistance, and proposes lysophosphatidic acid as a potential central actor of the radiotherapy therapeutic index. Besides, we hypothesize that following radiotherapy, the newly formed tumour micro-environment, with increased extracellular matrix and increased lysophosphatidic acid levels, is a favourable ground to metastasis development. Lysophosphatidic acid could therefore be an exciting therapeutic target, minimizing radio-toxicities and radio-resistance effects.
Collapse
|
14
|
Notch signaling and neuronal death in stroke. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 165-167:103-116. [PMID: 29574014 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and death, with the outcome largely determined by the amount of hypoxia-related neuronal death in the affected brain regions. Cerebral ischemia and hypoxia activate the Notch1 signaling pathway and four prominent interacting pathways (NF-κB, p53, HIF-1α and Pin1) that converge on a conserved DNA-associated nuclear multi-protein complex, which controls the expression of genes that can determine the fate of neurons. When neurons experience a moderate level of ischemic insult, the nuclear multi-protein complex up-regulates adaptive stress response genes encoding proteins that promote neuronal survival, but when ischemia is more severe the nuclear multi-protein complex induces genes encoding proteins that trigger and execute a neuronal death program. We propose that the nuclear multi-protein transcriptional complex is a molecular mediator of neuronal hormesis and a target for therapeutic intervention in stroke.
Collapse
|
15
|
Ribeiro ST, Ribot JC, Silva-Santos B. Five Layers of Receptor Signaling in γδ T-Cell Differentiation and Activation. Front Immunol 2015; 6:15. [PMID: 25674089 PMCID: PMC4306313 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The contributions of γδ T-cells to immunity to infection or tumors critically depend on their activation and differentiation into effectors capable of secreting cytokines and killing infected or transformed cells. These processes are molecularly controlled by surface receptors that capture key extracellular cues and convey downstream intracellular signals that regulate γδ T-cell physiology. The understanding of how environmental signals are integrated by γδ T-cells is critical for their manipulation in clinical settings. Here, we discuss how different classes of surface receptors impact on human and murine γδ T-cell differentiation, activation, and expansion. In particular, we review the role of five receptor types: the T-cell receptor (TCR), costimulatory receptors, cytokine receptors, NK receptors, and inhibitory receptors. Some of the key players are the costimulatory receptors CD27 and CD28, which differentially impact on pro-inflammatory subsets of γδ T-cells; the cytokine receptors IL-2R, IL-7R, and IL-15R, which drive functional differentiation and expansion of γδ T-cells; the NK receptor NKG2D and its contribution to γδ T-cell cytotoxicity; and the inhibitory receptors PD-1 and BTLA that control γδ T-cell homeostasis. We discuss these and other receptors in the context of a five-step model of receptor signaling in γδ T-cell differentiation and activation, and discuss its implications for the manipulation of γδ T-cells in immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio T Ribeiro
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Julie C Ribot
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Bruno Silva-Santos
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Machado-Neto JA, Lazarini M, Favaro P, de Melo Campos P, Scopim-Ribeiro R, Franchi Junior GC, Nowill AE, Lima PRM, Costa FF, Benichou S, Olalla Saad ST, Traina F. ANKHD1 silencing inhibits Stathmin 1 activity, cell proliferation and migration of leukemia cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1853:583-93. [PMID: 25523139 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
ANKHD1 is highly expressed in human acute leukemia cells and potentially regulates multiple cellular functions through its ankyrin-repeat domains. In order to identify interaction partners of the ANKHD1 protein and its role in leukemia cells, we performed a yeast two-hybrid system screen and identified SIVA, a cellular protein known to be involved in proapoptotic signaling pathways. The interaction between ANKHD1 and SIVA was confirmed by co-imunoprecipitation assays. Using human leukemia cell models and lentivirus-mediated shRNA approaches, we showed that ANKHD1 and SIVA proteins have opposing effects. While it is known that SIVA silencing promotes Stathmin 1 activation, increased cell migration and xenograft tumor growth, we showed that ANKHD1 silencing leads to Stathmin 1 inactivation, reduced cell migration and xenograft tumor growth, likely through the inhibition of SIVA/Stathmin 1 association. In addition, we observed that ANKHD1 knockdown decreases cell proliferation, without modulating apoptosis of leukemia cells, while SIVA has a proapoptotic function in U937 cells, but does not modulate proliferation in vitro. Results indicate that ANKHD1 binds to SIVA and has an important role in inducing leukemia cell proliferation and migration via the Stathmin 1 pathway. ANKHD1 may be an oncogene and participate in the leukemia cell phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Agostinho Machado-Neto
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Lazarini
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Favaro
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula de Melo Campos
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Scopim-Ribeiro
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Carlos Franchi Junior
- Integrated Center for Childhood Onco-Hematological Investigation, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Eduardo Nowill
- Integrated Center for Childhood Onco-Hematological Investigation, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto Moura Lima
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Ferreira Costa
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sara Teresinha Olalla Saad
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiola Traina
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Han J, Liu T, Huen MSY, Hu L, Chen Z, Huang J. SIVA1 directs the E3 ubiquitin ligase RAD18 for PCNA monoubiquitination. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 205:811-27. [PMID: 24958773 PMCID: PMC4068132 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201311007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) is a universal DNA damage tolerance mechanism conserved from yeast to mammals. A key event in the regulation of TLS is the monoubiquitination of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Extensive evidence indicates that the RAD6-RAD18 ubiquitin-conjugating/ligase complex specifically monoubiquitinates PCNA and regulates TLS repair. However, the mechanism by which the RAD6-RAD18 complex is targeted to PCNA has remained elusive. In this study, we used an affinity purification approach to isolate the PCNA-containing complex and have identified SIVA1 as a critical regulator of PCNA monoubiquitination. We show that SIVA1 constitutively interacts with PCNA via a highly conserved PCNA-interacting peptide motif. Knockdown of SIVA1 compromised RAD18-dependent PCNA monoubiquitination and Polη focus formation, leading to elevated ultraviolet sensitivity and mutation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that SIVA1 interacts with RAD18 and serves as a molecular bridge between RAD18 and PCNA, thus targeting the E3 ligase activity of RAD18 onto PCNA. Collectively, our results provide evidence that the RAD18 E3 ligase requires an accessory protein for binding to its substrate PCNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Han
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Michael S Y Huen
- Department of Anatomy and Center for Cancer Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China Department of Anatomy and Center for Cancer Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lin Hu
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Zhiqiu Chen
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yalamanchili HK, Li Z, Wang P, Wong MP, Yao J, Wang J. SpliceNet: recovering splicing isoform-specific differential gene networks from RNA-Seq data of normal and diseased samples. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:e121. [PMID: 25034693 PMCID: PMC4150760 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventionally, overall gene expressions from microarrays are used to infer gene networks, but it is challenging to account splicing isoforms. High-throughput RNA Sequencing has made splice variant profiling practical. However, its true merit in quantifying splicing isoforms and isoform-specific exon expressions is not well explored in inferring gene networks. This study demonstrates SpliceNet, a method to infer isoform-specific co-expression networks from exon-level RNA-Seq data, using large dimensional trace. It goes beyond differentially expressed genes and infers splicing isoform network changes between normal and diseased samples. It eases the sample size bottleneck; evaluations on simulated data and lung cancer-specific ERBB2 and MAPK signaling pathways, with varying number of samples, evince the merit in handling high exon to sample size ratio datasets. Inferred network rewiring of well established Bcl-x and EGFR centered networks from lung adenocarcinoma expression data is in good agreement with literature. Gene level evaluations demonstrate a substantial performance of SpliceNet over canonical correlation analysis, a method that is currently applied to exon level RNA-Seq data. SpliceNet can also be applied to exon array data. SpliceNet is distributed as an R package available at http://www.jjwanglab.org/SpliceNet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hari Krishna Yalamanchili
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Zhaoyuan Li
- Centre for Genomic Sciences, L.K.S. Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Panwen Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Maria P Wong
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianfeng Yao
- Centre for Genomic Sciences, L.K.S. Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Junwen Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China Department of Statistics & Actuarial Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Clouthier DL, Watts TH. Cell-specific and context-dependent effects of GITR in cancer, autoimmunity, and infection. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2014; 25:91-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
20
|
Wortzman ME, Clouthier DL, McPherson AJ, Lin GHY, Watts TH. The contextual role of TNFR family members in CD8+T-cell control of viral infections. Immunol Rev 2013; 255:125-48. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Derek L. Clouthier
- The Department of Immunology; University of Toronto; Toronto; ON; Canada
| | - Ann J. McPherson
- The Department of Immunology; University of Toronto; Toronto; ON; Canada
| | - Gloria H. Y. Lin
- The Department of Immunology; University of Toronto; Toronto; ON; Canada
| | - Tania H. Watts
- The Department of Immunology; University of Toronto; Toronto; ON; Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang X, Zha M, Zhao X, Jiang P, Du W, Tam AYH, Mei Y, Wu M. Siva1 inhibits p53 function by acting as an ARF E3 ubiquitin ligase. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1551. [PMID: 23462994 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumour suppressor alternative reading frame (ARF) is one of the most frequently mutated proteins in human cancer. It has been well established that ARF is able to stabilize and activate p53 by directly inhibiting Mdm2. ARF-mediated p53 activation in response to oncogenic stress is thought to be an important determinant of protection against cancer. However, little is known regarding the control of ARF in cells. Here, we show that Siva1 is a specific E3 ubiquitin ligase of ARF. Siva1 physically interacts with ARF both in vitro and in vivo. Through direct interaction, Siva1 promotes the ubiquitination and degradation of ARF, which in turn affects the stability of p53. Functionally, Siva1 regulates cell cycle progression and cell proliferation in an ARF/p53-dependent manner. Our results uncover a novel regulatory mechanism for the control of ARF stability, thereby revealing an important function of Siva1 in the regulation of the ARF-Mdm2-p53 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingwu Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gene-expression differences in peripheral blood between lithium responders and non-responders in the Lithium Treatment-Moderate dose Use Study (LiTMUS). THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2013; 14:182-91. [PMID: 23670706 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2013.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to identify genes whose expression in peripheral blood may serve as early markers for treatment response to lithium (Li) in patients with bipolar disorder. Although changes in peripheral blood gene-expression may not relate directly to mood symptoms, differences in treatment response at the biochemical level may underlie some of the heterogeneity in clinical response to Li. Subjects were randomized to treatment with (n=28) or without (n=32) Li. Peripheral blood gene-expression was measured before and 1 month after treatment initiation, and treatment response was assessed after 6 months. In subjects treated with Li, 62 genes were differentially regulated in treatment responders and non-responders. Of these, BCL2L1 showed the greatest difference between Li responders and non-responders. These changes were specific to Li responders (n=9), and were not seen in Li non-responders or patients treated without Li, suggesting that they may have specific roles in treatment response to Li.
Collapse
|
23
|
Brindley DN, Lin FT, Tigyi GJ. Role of the autotaxin-lysophosphatidate axis in cancer resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2013; 1831:74-85. [PMID: 22954454 PMCID: PMC3584168 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
High expression of autotaxin in cancers is often associated with increased tumor progression, angiogenesis and metastasis. This is explained mainly since autotaxin produces the lipid growth factor, lysophosphatidate (LPA), which stimulates cell division, survival and migration. It has recently become evident that these signaling effects of LPA also produce resistance to chemotherapy and radiation-induced cell death. This results especially from the stimulation of LPA(2) receptors, which depletes the cell of Siva-1, a pro-apoptotic signaling protein and stimulates prosurvival kinase pathways through a mechanism mediated via TRIP-6. LPA signaling also increases the formation of sphingosine 1-phosphate, a pro-survival lipid. At the same time, LPA decreases the accumulation of ceramides, which are used in radiation therapy and by many chemotherapeutic agents to stimulate apoptosis. The signaling actions of extracellular LPA are terminated by its dephosphorylation by a family of lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPP) that act as ecto-enzymes. In addition, lipid phosphate phoshatase-1 attenuates signaling downstream of the activation of both LPA receptors and receptor tyrosine kinases. This makes many cancer cells hypersensitive to the action of various growth factors since they often express low LPP1/3 activity. Increasing our understanding of the complicated signaling pathways that are used by LPA to stimulate cell survival should identify new therapeutic targets that can be exploited to increase the efficacy of chemo- and radio-therapy. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Advances in Lysophospholipid Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David N Brindley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Turan T, Şanlı-Mohamed G, Baran Y. Changes in protein profiles of multiple myeloma cells in response to bortezomib. Leuk Lymphoma 2012; 54:1061-8. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2012.735668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
25
|
LEE PHILIPR, COHEN JONATHANE, TENDI ELISABETTAA, FARRER ROBERT, DE VRIES GEORGEH, BECKER KEVING, FIELDS RDOUGLAS. Transcriptional profiling in an MPNST-derived cell line and normal human Schwann cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 1:135-47. [PMID: 16429615 PMCID: PMC1325299 DOI: 10.1017/s1740925x04000274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
cDNA microarrays were utilized to identify abnormally expressed genes in a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST)-derived cell line, T265, by comparing the mRNA abundance profiles with that of normal human Schwann cells (nhSCs). The findings characterize the molecular phenotype of this important cell-line model of MPNSTs, and elucidate the contribution of Schwann cells in MPNSTs. In total, 4608 cDNA sequences were screened and hybridizations replicated on custom cDNA microarrays. In order to verify the microarray data, a large selection of differentially expressed mRNA transcripts were subjected to semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCR (LightCycler). Western blotting was performed to investigate a selection of genes and signal transduction pathways, as a further validation of the microarray data. The data generated from multiple microarray screens, semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting are in broad agreement. This study represents a comprehensive gene-expression analysis of an MPNST-derived cell line and the first comprehensive global mRNA profile of nhSCs in culture. This study has identified ~900 genes that are expressed abnormally in the T265 cell line and detected many genes not previously reported to be expressed in nhSCs. The results provide crucial information on the T265 cells that is essential for investigation using this cell line in experimental studies in neurofibromatosis type I (NF1), and important information on normal human Schwann cells that is applicable to a wide range of studies on Schwann cells in cell culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- PHILIP R. LEE
- Section on Nervous System Development and Plasticity, NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - JONATHAN E. COHEN
- Section on Nervous System Development and Plasticity, NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - ELISABETTA A. TENDI
- Section on Nervous System Development and Plasticity, NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - ROBERT FARRER
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Loyola University of Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - GEORGE H. DE VRIES
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Loyola University of Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - KEVIN G. BECKER
- Gene Expression and Genomics Unit, NIA, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - R. DOUGLAS FIELDS
- Section on Nervous System Development and Plasticity, NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- Correspondence should be addressed to: R. Douglas Fields, Section on Nervous System Development and Plasticity, Bldg. 35, Rm. 2A211, MSC 3713 NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, phone: +1 301 480 3209, fax: +1 301 496 9630,
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Integrating the puzzle pieces: the current atomistic picture of phospholipid-G protein coupled receptor interactions. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2012; 1831:2-12. [PMID: 22982815 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A compelling question of how phospholipids interact with their target receptors has been of interest since the first receptor-mediated effects were reported. The recent report of a crystal structure for the S1P(1) receptor in complex with an antagonist phospholipid provides interesting perspective on the insights that had previously been gained through structure-activity studies of the phospholipids, as well as modeling and mutagenesis studies of the receptors. This review integrates these varied lines of investigation in the context of their various contributions to our current understanding of phospholipid-receptor interactions. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Advances in Lysophospholipid Research.
Collapse
|
27
|
Multifaceted functions of Siva-1: more than an Indian God of Destruction. Protein Cell 2012; 3:117-22. [PMID: 22426980 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-012-2018-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Siva-1, as a p53-inducible gene, has been shown to induce extensive apoptosis in a number of different cell lines. Recent evidence suggests that Siva-1 functions as a part of the auto-regulatory feedback loop that restrains p53 through facilitating Mdm2-mediated p53 degradation. Also, Siva-1 plays an important role in suppressing tumor metastasis. Here we review the current understanding of Siva-1-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway. We also add comments on the p53-Siva-1 feedback loop, the novel function of Siva-1 in suppressing tumor metastasis, and their potential implications.
Collapse
|
28
|
Snell LM, Lin GHY, McPherson AJ, Moraes TJ, Watts TH. T-cell intrinsic effects of GITR and 4-1BB during viral infection and cancer immunotherapy. Immunol Rev 2012; 244:197-217. [PMID: 22017440 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2011.01063.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
GITR [glucocorticoid inducible tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-related protein] and 4-1BB are costimulatory TNFR family members that are expressed on regulatory and effector T cells as well as on other cells of the immune system. Here we discuss the role of GITR and 4-1BB on T cells during viral infections and in cancer immunotherapy. Systemic treatment with agonistic anti-4-1BB antibody leads to a number of immune system abnormalities, and clinical trials of anti-4-1BB have been terminated. However, other modes of 4-1BB ligation may be less toxic. To date, similar toxicities have not been reported for anti-GITR treatment of mice, although anti-GITR antibodies can exacerbate mouse autoimmune models. Intrinsic effects of GITR and 4-1BB on effector T cells appear to predominate over their effects on other cell types in some models. Despite their similarities in enhancing T-cell survival, 4-1BB and GITR are clearly not redundant, and both pathways are required for maximal CD8(+) T-cell responses and mouse survival following severe respiratory influenza infection. GITR uses TNFR-associated factor (TRAF) 2 and TRAF5, whereas 4-1BB recruits TRAF1 and TRAF2 to mediate survival signaling in T cells. The differential use of signaling adapters combined with their differential expression may explain the non-redundant roles of GITR and 4-1BB in the immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Snell
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Regulation of IL-2 gene expression by Siva and FOXP3 in human T cells. BMC Immunol 2011; 12:54. [PMID: 21955384 PMCID: PMC3208582 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-12-54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe autoinflammatory diseases are associated with mutations in the Foxp3 locus in both mice and humans. Foxp3 is required for the development, function, and maintenance of regulatory T cells (Tregs), a subset of CD4 cells that suppress T cell activation and inflammatory processes. Siva is a pro-apoptotic gene that is expressed across a range of tissues, including CD4 T cells. Siva interacts with three tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family members that are constitutively expressed on Treg cells: CD27, GITR, and OX40. RESULTS Here we report a biophysical interaction between FOXP3 and Siva. We mapped the interaction domains to Siva's C-terminus and to a central region of FOXP3. We showed that Siva repressed IL-2 induction by suppressing IL-2 promoter activity during T cell activation. Siva-1's repressive effect on IL-2 gene expression appears to be mediated by inhibition of NFkappaB, whereas FOXP3 repressed both NFkappaB and NFAT activity. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our data suggest that both FOXP3 and Siva function as negative regulators of IL-2 gene expression in Treg cells, via suppression of NFAT by FOXP3 and of NFkappaB by both FOXP3 and Siva. Our work contributes evidence for Siva's role as a T cell signalling mediator in addition to its known pro-apoptotic function. Though further investigations are needed, evidence for the biophysical interaction between FOXP3 and Siva invites the possibility that Siva may be important for proper Treg cell function.
Collapse
|
30
|
Siva1 suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis of tumor cells by inhibiting stathmin and stabilizing microtubules. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:12851-6. [PMID: 21768358 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1017372108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) enables epithelial cells to acquire motility and invasiveness that are characteristic of mesenchymal cells. It plays an important role in development and tumor cell metastasis. However, the mechanisms of EMT and their dysfunction in cancer cells are still not well understood. Here we report that Siva1 interacts with stathmin, a microtubule destabilizer. Siva1 inhibits stathmin's activity directly as well as indirectly through Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II-mediated phosphorylation of stathmin at Ser16. Via the inhibition of stathmin, Siva1 enhances the formation of microtubules and impedes focal adhesion assembly, cell migration, and EMT. Low levels of Siva1 and Ser16-phosphorylated stathmin correlate with high metastatic states of human breast cancer cells. In mouse models, knockdown of Siva1 promotes cancer dissemination, whereas overexpression of Siva1 inhibits it. These results suggest that microtubule dynamics are critical for EMT. Furthermore, they reveal an important role for Siva1 in suppressing cell migration and EMT and indicate that down-regulation of Siva1 may contribute to tumor cell metastasis.
Collapse
|
31
|
Barkinge JL, Gudi R, Sarah H, Chu F, Borthakur A, Prabhakar BS, Prasad KVS. The p53-induced Siva-1 plays a significant role in cisplatin-mediated apoptosis. J Carcinog 2011; 8:2. [PMID: 19240372 PMCID: PMC2678867 DOI: 10.4103/1477-3163.45389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The pro-apoptotic protein Siva-1 functions in both extrinsic and intrinsic cell death signaling; however, the exact contribution of the endogenous Siva-1 to DNA damage-induced apoptosis is unclear. Using cisplatin, a chemotherapeutic drug, to induce DNA damage and cell death, we determined the role of Siva-1. Methods: Cisplatin treated HCT116 colorectal carcinoma cells (p53+/+ and -/-) were used in the study. With the help of recombinant lentivirus that can express siSiva (siRNA that specifically targets Siva-1), we also generated Siva-1 knockdown HCT116 cells. Apoptosis was determined by tetramethyl rhodamine methyl ester (TMRM) staining and propidium iodide (PI) staining. Results: Treatment with cisplatin induced Siva-1 expression in a p53 dependent manner. In Siva-1 knockdown p53+/+ HCT116 colorectal carcinoma cells, loss of Siva-1 expression conferred significant resistance to cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Although Siva-1 levels were positively regulated by p53, Siva-1-induced apoptosis did not require p53. Despite the fact that Siva-1 lacks even a minimal BH3 domain, similar to other proapoptotic Bcl2 family members induced by p53, we showed that Siva-1 mediated apoptosis is characterized by Bax oligomerization and cytochrome c leakage from mitochondria. The putative amphipathic helical region in Siva-1 (SAH) appeared to function analogously to a BH3 domain. Conclusion: The p53 induced Siva-1 is one of the effector molecules, which plays a significant role in DNA damage-induced cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John L Barkinge
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Ave., MC 790, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Galuppo M, Nocentini G, Mazzon E, Ronchetti S, Esposito E, Riccardi L, Sportoletti P, Di Paola R, Bruscoli S, Riccardi C, Cuzzocrea S. The glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor family-related protein (GITR) is critical to the development of acute pancreatitis in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 162:1186-201. [PMID: 21091650 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01123.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Pancreatitis represents a life-threatening inflammatory condition where leucocytes, cytokines and vascular endothelium contribute to the development of the inflammatory disease. The glucocorticoid-induced tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family-related protein (GITR) is a costimulatory molecule for T lymphocytes, modulates innate and adaptive immune system and has been found to participate in a variety of immune responses and inflammatory processes. Our purpose was to verify whether inhibition of GITR triggering results in a better outcome in experimental pancreatitis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In male GITR knock-out (GITR(-/-)) and GITR(+/+) mice on Sv129 background, acute pancreatitis was induced after i.p. administration of cerulein. Other experimental groups of GITR(+/+) mice were also treated with different doses of Fc-GITR fusion protein (up to 6.25 µg·mouse⁻¹), given by implanted mini-osmotic pump. Clinical score and pro-inflammatory parameters were evaluated. KEY RESULTS A less acute pancreatitis was found in GITR(-/-) mice than in GITR(+/+) mice, with marked differences in oedema, neutrophil infiltration, pancreatic dysfunction and injury. Co-treatment of GITR(+/+) mice with cerulein and Fc-GITR fusion protein (6.25 µg·mouse⁻¹) decreased the inflammatory response and tissue injury, compared with treatment with cerulein alone. Inhibition of GITR triggering was found to modulate activation of nuclear factor κB as well as the production of TNF-α, interleukin-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase, nitrotyrosine, poly-ADP-ribose, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and P-selectin. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The GITR-GITR ligand system is crucial to the development of acute pancreatitis in mice. Our results also suggest that the Fc-GITR fusion protein could be useful in the treatment of acute pancreatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Galuppo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Singaravelu K, Padanilam BJ. p53 target Siva regulates apoptosis in ischemic kidneys. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2011; 300:F1130-41. [PMID: 21307125 PMCID: PMC3094050 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00591.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of p53 in inducing apoptosis following acute kidney injury is well-established; however, the molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. We report here that the p53 proapoptotic target Siva and its receptor CD27, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family, are upregulated following renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Inhibition of Siva using antisense oligonucleotides conferred functional and morphological protection, and it prevented apoptosis postrenal IRI in mice. Renal IRI in CD27-deficient mice displayed functional protection and partial inhibition of apoptosis, suggesting an incomplete role for CD27 in Siva-mediated apoptosis. To further elucidate mechanisms by which Siva elicits apoptosis, in vitro studies were performed. In Siva-transfected LLC-PK(1)cells, Siva is persistently expressed in the nucleus at 3 h onwards and its translocation to mitochondria and the plasma membrane occurred at 6 h. Moreover, Siva overexpression induced mitochondrial permeability, cytochrome c release, caspase-8 and -9 activation, translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) to the nucleus, and apoptosis. Inhibition of Siva in ischemic kidneys prevented mitochondrial release of cytochrome c and AIF. These data indicate that Siva function is pivotal in regulating apoptosis in the pathology of renal IRI. Targeting Siva may offer a potential therapeutic strategy for renal IRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kurinji Singaravelu
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, 68198-5850, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Redmond SB, Chuammitri P, Andreasen CB, Palić D, Lamont SJ. Genetic control of chicken heterophil function in advanced intercross lines: associations with novel and with known Salmonella resistance loci and a likely mechanism for cell death in extracellular trap production. Immunogenetics 2011; 63:449-58. [PMID: 21455609 PMCID: PMC3111730 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-011-0523-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Heterophils, the avian polymorphonuclear leukocyte and the counterpart of mammalian neutrophils, generate the primary innate response to pathogens in chickens. Heterophil performance against pathogens is associated with host disease resistance, and heterophil gene expression and function are under genetic control. To characterize the genomic basis of heterophil function, heterophils from F13 advanced intercross chicken lines (broiler × Leghorn and broiler × Fayoumi) were assayed for phagocytosis and killing of Salmonella enteritidis, oxidative burst, and extracellular trap production. A whole-genome association analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms at 57,636 loci identified genomic locations controlling these functional phenotypes. Genomic analysis revealed a significant association of extracellular trap production with the SAL1 locus and the SLC11A1 gene, which have both been previously associated with resistance to S. enteritidis. Fine mapping supports SIVA1 as a candidate gene controlling SAL1-mediated resistance and indicates that the proposed cell-death mechanism associated with extracellular trap production, ETosis, likely functions through the CD27/Siva-1-mediated apoptotic pathway. The SLC11A1 gene was also associated with phagocytosis of S. enteritidis, suggesting that the Slc11a1 protein may play an additional role in immune response beyond depleting metal ions to inhibit intracellular bacterial growth. A region of chromosome 6 with no characterized genes was also associated with extracellular trap production. Further characterization of these novel genes in chickens and other species is needed to understand their role in polymorphonuclear leukocyte function and host resistance to disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah B Redmond
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Walmsley SR, Chilvers ER, Thompson AA, Vaughan K, Marriott HM, Parker LC, Shaw G, Parmar S, Schneider M, Sabroe I, Dockrell DH, Milo M, Taylor CT, Johnson RS, Pugh CW, Ratcliffe PJ, Maxwell PH, Carmeliet P, Whyte MKB. Prolyl hydroxylase 3 (PHD3) is essential for hypoxic regulation of neutrophilic inflammation in humans and mice. J Clin Invest 2011; 121:1053-63. [PMID: 21317538 DOI: 10.1172/jci43273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of neutrophil lifespan by induction of apoptosis is critical for maintaining an effective host response and preventing excessive inflammation. The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) oxygen-sensing pathway has a major effect on the susceptibility of neutrophils to apoptosis, with a marked delay in cell death observed under hypoxic conditions. HIF expression and transcriptional activity are regulated by the oxygen-sensitive prolyl hydroxylases (PHD1-3), but the role of PHDs in neutrophil survival is unclear. We examined PHD expression in human neutrophils and found that PHD3 was strongly induced in response to hypoxia and inflammatory stimuli in vitro and in vivo. Using neutrophils from mice deficient in Phd3, we demonstrated a unique role for Phd3 in prolonging neutrophil survival during hypoxia, distinct from other hypoxia-associated changes in neutrophil function and metabolic activity. Moreover, this selective defect in neutrophil survival occurred in the presence of preserved HIF transcriptional activity but was associated with upregulation of the proapoptotic mediator Siva1 and loss of its binding target Bcl-xL. In vivo, using an acute lung injury model, we observed increased levels of neutrophil apoptosis and clearance in Phd3-deficient mice compared with WT controls. We also observed reduced neutrophilic inflammation in an acute mouse model of colitis. These data support what we believe to be a novel function for PHD3 in regulating neutrophil survival in hypoxia and may enable the development of new therapeutics for inflammatory disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Walmsley
- Academic Unit of Respiratory Medicine, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Shiozaki T, Iwai A, Kawaoka Y, Takada A, Kida H, Miyazaki T. Requirement for Siva-1 for replication of influenza A virus through apoptosis induction. J Gen Virol 2010; 92:315-25. [PMID: 21048035 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.028316-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with influenza A virus causes acute respiratory tract infections in humans and may lead to lethal diseases including pneumonia. Identifying host factors that are involved in the severity of infectious diseases caused by influenza A virus is considered important for the prevention and treatment of these viral infections. This report demonstrated that Siva-1 is crucial for the induction of apoptosis caused by infection with influenza A virus and is involved in virus replication. Susceptibility to apoptosis induced by influenza A virus infection was increased in human lung-derived A549 cells, which stably express Siva-1. In addition, induction of apoptosis after influenza A virus infection was strongly inhibited by knockdown of Siva-1 expression. Furthermore, the replication of influenza A virus was significantly suppressed in A549 cells in which Siva-1 expression was inhibited and the effect of Siva-1 knockdown was eliminated by treatment with Z-VAD-FMK. These findings suggest that the caspase-dependent pathway for induction of apoptosis is involved in Siva-1-mediated influenza A virus replication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Shiozaki
- Department of Bioresources, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, North 20, West 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Shimoda HK, Shide K, Kameda T, Matsunaga T, Shimoda K. Tyrosine kinase 2 interacts with the proapoptotic protein Siva-1 and augments its apoptotic functions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 400:252-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
38
|
Cottle DL, McGrath MJ, Wilding BR, Cowling BS, Kane JM, D'Arcy CE, Holdsworth M, Hatzinisiriou I, Prescott M, Brown S, Mitchell CA. SLIMMER (FHL1B/KyoT3) interacts with the proapoptotic protein Siva-1 (CD27BP) and delays skeletal myoblast apoptosis. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:26964-77. [PMID: 19643733 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.036293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The fhl1 gene encoding four-and-a-half LIM protein-1 (FHL1) and its spliced isoform, SLIMMER, is mutated in reducing body myopathy, X-linked myopathy with postural muscle atrophy, scapuloperoneal myopathy, and rigid spine syndrome. In this study we have identified a novel function for SLIMMER in delaying skeletal muscle apoptosis via an interaction with the proapoptotic protein Siva-1. Siva-1 was identified as a SLIMMER-specific-interacting protein using yeast two-hybrid screening, direct-binding studies, and glutathione S-transferase pulldown analysis of murine skeletal muscle lysates. In C2C12 skeletal myoblasts, SLIMMER and Siva co-localized in the nucleus; however, both proteins exhibited redistribution to the cytoplasm following the differentiation of mononucleated myoblasts to multinucleated myotubes. In sections of mature skeletal muscle from wild type mice, SLIMMER and Siva-1 co-localized at the Z-line. SLIMMER and Siva-1 were also enriched in Pax-7-positive satellite cells, muscle stem cells that facilitate repair and regeneration. Significantly, SLIMMER delayed Siva-1-dependent apoptosis in C2C12 myoblasts. In skeletal muscle sections from the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, SLIMMER and Siva-1 co-localized in the nucleus of apoptotic myofibers. Therefore, SLIMMER may protect skeletal muscle from apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denny L Cottle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Du W, Jiang P, Li N, Mei Y, Wang X, Wen L, Yang X, Wu M. Suppression of p53 activity by Siva1. Cell Death Differ 2009; 16:1493-504. [PMID: 19590512 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2009.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 induces potent anti-proliferative responses in stressed cells; in unstressed cells this ability of p53 is restrained by Hdm2. Expression of Hdm2 is also induced by p53, thereby establishing feedback inhibition. Regulation of the p53-Hdm2 interaction and the feedback inhibition of p53 are not well understood. Here, we show that the p53-Hdm2 interaction in unstressed cells is promoted by Siva1, which, like Hdm2, is the product of a p53 target gene. Siva1 binds to both p53 and Hdm2 through distinct regions and enhances Hdm2-mediated p53 ubiquitination and degradation. Siva1 strongly inhibits p53-mediated gene expression and apoptosis. In xenograft mouse models, downregulation of Siva1 markedly inhibits tumor formation because of the activation of p53. On DNA damage, the interactions of Siva1 with both p53 and Hdm2 are diminished. The function of Siva1 seems to be related to its ability to form a homo-oligomer as the oligomerization defective splicing variant Siva2 fails to de-stabilize p53. These results identify Siva1 as an important adaptor promoting p53 degradation through Hdm2. Siva1 may be part of the negative feedback loop that inhibits p53 activity at the end of a non-lethal stress response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Du
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Gudi R, Barkinge J, Hawkins S, Prabhakar B, Kanteti P. Siva-1 promotes K-48 polyubiquitination of TRAF2 and inhibits TCR-mediated activation of NF-kappaB. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 2009; 28:25-38. [PMID: 19392652 DOI: 10.1615/jenvironpatholtoxicoloncol.v28.i1.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The proapoptotic protein Siva-1 plays an important role in some of the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis signaling pathways in cancer cells. Previously, we showed that Siva-1 inhibited the activity of the prosurvival transcription factor NF-kappaB. In the present study, upon TCR cross-linking of Jurkat T leukemia cells, we demonstrated that the inhibitory target of Siva-1 is upstream of the IKK complex in the NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Additionally, Siva-1 also suppressed the activity of another crucial transcription factor AP-1, and a common mediator of both these pathways is the adaptor protein TRAF2. Further, we observed that Siva-1 indeed interacted with TRAF2 and negatively regulated its activity by promoting K48-hnked polyubiquitination. Siva-1 specifically interacted with the ring finger domain of TRAF2, which is essential for its E3 hgase activity and its ability to subsequently activate NF-kappaB. TCR cross-linking of Jurkat T cells that lacked Siva-1 revealed significantly lowered K48- but elevated K63-ubiquitinated TRAF2 levels upon TCR cross-linking, suggesting that the differential pattern of ubiquitination in these cells essentially contributed to a robust and sustained activation of NF-kappaB. The above results demonstrated an important role for endogenous Siva-1 in negatively regulating NF-kappaB activation by targeting TRAF2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Gudi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Resch U, Schichl YM, Winsauer G, Gudi R, Prasad K, de Martin R. Siva1 is a XIAP-interacting protein that balances NFkappaB and JNK signalling to promote apoptosis. J Cell Sci 2009; 122:2651-61. [PMID: 19584092 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.049940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
XIAP is known as a potent inhibitor of apoptosis, but in addition is involved in cellular signalling, including the NFkappaB, JNK and TGFbeta pathways. Our search for XIAP-interacting partners led us to Siva1, a proapoptotic protein that is known to play a role in T-cell apoptosis through a caspase-dependent mitochondrial pathway. The interaction sites between XIAP and Siva1 were mapped to the RING domain of XIAP and the N-terminal, SAH-containing and death-homology-region-containing domains of Siva1. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed that XIAP, Siva1 and TAK1 form a ternary complex in Jurkat T cells. Reporter-gene analysis revealed that Siva1 inhibits XIAP- and TAK1-TAB1-mediated NFkappaB activation. By contrast, Siva1 increased XIAP- and TNFalpha-mediated AP1 activity and prolonged TNFalpha-induced JNK activation, whereas knock down of Siva1 resulted in reduced JNK activation. This suggests that Siva1 differentially modulates signalling by JNK and NFkappaB and shifts the balance between these pathways towards enhanced JNK activation, a situation that promotes apoptosis. Ectopically expressed Siva1 increased caspase-3 activity, which was inhibited by XIAP in a ubiquitin-ligase-dependent manner. In line with this, Siva1 was lysine-48-linked polyubiquitylated by XIAP. Our findings suggest that, via physical interaction with XIAP and TAK1, Siva1 diminishes NFkappaB and enhances JNK activity to favour apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Resch
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettg. 19, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Singaravelu K, Devalaraja-Narashimha K, Lastovica B, Padanilam BJ. PERP, a p53 proapoptotic target, mediates apoptotic cell death in renal ischemia. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2009; 296:F847-58. [PMID: 19158346 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.90438.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor gene plays a crucial role in mediating apoptotic cell death in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). To further elucidate the p53-dependent pathway, we investigated the role of the p53 apoptosis effector related to PMP-22 (PERP), an apoptosis-associated p53 transcriptional target. PERP mRNA and protein are highly induced in the outer medullary proximal tubular cells (PTC) of ischemic kidneys postreperfusion at 3, 12, and 24 h in a p53-dependent manner. In PTC, overexpression of PERP augmented the rate of apoptosis following hypoxia by inducing mitochondrial permeability and subsequent release of cytochrome c, apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), and caspase 9 activation. In addition, silencing of the PERP gene with short hairpin RNA prevented apoptosis in hypoxia-mediated injury by precluding mitochondrial dysfunction and consequent cytochrome c and AIF translocation. These data suggest that PERP is a key effector of p53-mediated apoptotic pathways and is a potential therapeutic target for renal IRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kurinji Singaravelu
- Dept. of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5850, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Mihatsch K, Nestler M, Saluz HP, Henke A, Munder T. Proapoptotic protein Siva binds to the muscle protein telethonin in cardiomyocytes during coxsackieviral infection. Cardiovasc Res 2008; 81:108-15. [PMID: 18849585 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvn276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is known to cause a variety of human diseases including acute and chronic myocarditis as well as dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). However, the mechanisms by which CVB3 causes diseases are not well understood. METHODS AND RESULTS Studies identifying protein-protein interactions during CVB3 infection are useful in delineating the pathogenesis of acute or chronic myocarditis. Screening a human heart cDNA library revealed a yet unknown interaction partner of the proapoptotic protein Siva. We demonstrate that Siva specifically interacts with the heart and skeletal muscle protein telethonin. The expression of Siva is increased in heart tissue of CVB3-infected mice and the proteins colocalize in cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION telethonin might be involved in CVB3-mediated cell damage and in the resulting cardiac dysfunction due to the interaction with Siva. We suggest a molecular mechanism through which coxsackieviral infection contributes to the pathogenesis of chronic myocarditis and in particular of acquired forms of DCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Mihatsch
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology e. V. - Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstr. 11a, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Balci-Peynircioglu B, Waite AL, Hu C, Richards N, Staubach-Grosse A, Yilmaz E, Gumucio DL. Pyrin, product of the MEFV locus, interacts with the proapoptotic protein, Siva. J Cell Physiol 2008; 216:595-602. [PMID: 18330885 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in pyrin cause the autoinflammatory disorder familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), a syndrome characterized by sporadic and unpredictable attacks of fever and localized severe pain. Currently, it is not clear how attacks are triggered, nor why they spontaneously resolve after 2 or 3 days. In fact, the cellular function of the pyrin protein and the molecular underpinnings of its malfunction in FMF have so far eluded clear definition. The identification of pyrin-interacting proteins has the potential to increase our understanding of the cellular networks in which pyrin functions. Previous reports have established that pyrin interacts with the apoptotic protein ASC, the cytoskeletal adaptor protein PSTPIP1, the inflammatory caspase, Caspase-1 and certain forms of the cytosolic anchoring protein 14-3-3. Here, we report that pyrin also interacts with Siva, a pro-apoptotic protein first identified for its interaction with the cytosolic tail of CD27, a TNF family receptor. The interaction between pyrin and Siva involves the C-terminal B30.2/rfp/SRPY domain of pyrin and exon 1 of Siva. We show that Siva and pyrin are indeed co-expressed in human neutrophils, monocytes, and synovial cells. Furthermore, using a novel protein/protein interaction assay, we demonstrate that pyrin can recruit Siva to ASC specks, establishing a potential platform for intersection of ASC and Siva function. Finally, we show that pyrin modulates the apoptotic response to oxidative stress mediated by Siva. Thus, the Siva-pyrin interaction may be a potential target for future therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
|
45
|
High expression of CD40 on B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia blasts is an independent risk factor associated with improved survival and enhanced capacity to up-regulate the death receptor CD95. Blood 2008; 112:1028-34. [PMID: 18552209 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-11-123315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CD40 and CD27, members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family, are critical regulators of lymphocyte growth and differentiation. In B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL), we prospectively assessed the impact of CD40 and CD27 on outcome in 121 children treated according to the CoALL06-97 protocol. Expression of both CD40 and CD27 was found to be significantly higher in low- than in high-risk patients as defined by standard clinical risk parameters such as age and white blood cell count. In addition, in multivariable analysis, a very high percentage of CD40(+) blasts at diagnosis was identified as an independent favorable prognostic factor for relapse-free survival. Of note, high CD40 expression particularly protected against late relapse. In B cells, CD40 is known to enhance both antigen-presenting capacity and sensitivity to proapoptotic signals. Yet, although CD40 ligation does result in significant up-regulation of CD80/CD86 in our cohort, it is up-regulation of the death receptor CD95 that significantly correlates with the percentage of CD40(+) blasts. Thus very high expression of CD40 on BCP-ALL blasts is an independent prognostic marker indicative of superior relapse-free survival that may in part be due to CD40-dependent death receptor up-regulation.
Collapse
|
46
|
Lin FT, Lai YJ. Regulation of the LPA2 receptor signaling through the carboxyl-terminal tail-mediated protein-protein interactions. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2008; 1781:558-62. [PMID: 18501721 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2008.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2008] [Revised: 04/22/2008] [Accepted: 04/22/2008] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
While it is well known that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) mediates diverse physiological and pathophysiological responses through the activation of G protein-coupled LPA receptors, the specificity and molecular mechanisms by which different LPA receptors mediate these biological responses remain largely unknown. Recent identification of several PDZ proteins and zinc finger proteins that interact with the carboxyl-terminal tail of the LPA2 receptor provides a considerable progress towards the understanding of the mechanisms how the LPA2 receptor specifically mediates LPA signaling pathways. These findings have led to the proposal that there are at least two distinct protein interaction motifs present in the carboxyl-terminus of the LPA2 receptor. Together, these data provide a new concept that the efficiency and specificity of the LPA2 receptor-mediated signal transduction can be achieved through the cross-regulation between the classical G protein-activated signaling cascades and the interacting partner-mediated signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Tsyr Lin
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0005, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Thomas CA, Grant SG, Pflug BR, Getzenberg RH, Day BW. (Z)-1,1-Dichloro-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-phenylcyclopropane induces concentration-dependent growth inhibition, apoptosis, and coordinates regulation of apoptotic genes in TRAMP cells. Urol Oncol 2007; 26:378-85. [PMID: 18367102 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2007.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2007] [Accepted: 02/21/2007] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
(Z)-1-1-Dichloro-2,3-diphenylcyclopropane (A(II)) and (Z)-1,1-dichloro-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-phenylcyclopropane [2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-A(II)] inhibit tubulin polymerization, PSA production, and the proliferation of human prostate cancer cells. The actions of the agents were studied in three transgenic adenocarcinomas of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) cell lines. Antiproliferative potencies were determined and cells treated with the more potent 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-A(II) were examined for induction of apoptosis. Microarray analyses were conducted to determine the apoptosis-related genes up- and down-regulated by the agent. 2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-A(II) concentration-dependently inhibited growth of all three cell lines. Fifty percent and 100% growth inhibitory and 50% lethal concentrations were determined to be 0.3, 1.5, and 5 muM, respectively. Minimum detectable apoptosis-inducing concentrations by ELISA were 0.10 to 0.14 muM. PARP cleavage and two-color flow cytometry assays verified apoptosis induction. Microarray analyses showed Bok and Siva-pending to be up-regulated and that Birc, Dad1, and Atf5 were down-regulated. 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-A(II) inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in the in vivo-adaptable TRAMP cells, suggesting the compound should be further examined in preclinical models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Thomas
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Lin FT, Lai YJ, Makarova N, Tigyi G, Lin WC. The lysophosphatidic acid 2 receptor mediates down-regulation of Siva-1 to promote cell survival. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:37759-69. [PMID: 17965021 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m705025200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) promotes cell survival through the activation of G protein-coupled LPA receptors. However, whether different LPA receptors activate distinct anti-apoptotic signaling pathways is not yet clear. Here we report a novel mechanism by which the LPA(2) receptor targets the proapoptotic Siva-1 protein for LPA-dependent degradation, thereby attenuating Siva-1 function in DNA damage response. The carboxyl-terminal tail of the LPA(2) receptor, but not LPA(1) or LPA(3) receptor, specifically associates with the carboxyl cysteine-rich domain of Siva-1. Prolonged LPA stimulation promotes the association of Siva-1 with the LPA(2) receptor and targets both proteins for ubiquitination and degradation. As a result, adriamycin-induced Siva-1 protein stabilization is attenuated by LPA in an LPA(2)-dependent manner, and the function of Siva-1 in promoting DNA damage-induced apoptosis is inhibited by LPA pretreatment. Consistent with this result, inhibition of the LPA(2) receptor expression increases Siva-1 protein levels and augments adriamycin-induced caspase-3 cleavage and apoptosis. Together, these findings reveal a critical and specific role for the LPA(2) receptor through which LPA directly inactivates a critical component of the death machinery to promote cell survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Tsyr Lin
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kalousek I, Brodska B, Otevrelova P, Röselova P. Actinomycin D upregulates proapoptotic protein Puma and downregulates Bcl-2 mRNA in normal peripheral blood lymphocytes. Anticancer Drugs 2007; 18:763-72. [PMID: 17581298 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e3280adc905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We have examined the ability of actinomycin D to induce apoptosis in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Run-On assays were performed to specify the primary molecular damage, reverse transcription-PCR, Western blots and flow cytometry studies were performed to ascertain which proteins of the apoptosis machinery were affected to cause actinomycin D-induced cell death. Expression of 23 apoptosis-related genes was investigated. The down-regulation of ribosomal RNA synthesis caused by actinomycin D induced a mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Although the expression of the majority of examined genes remained indifferent against actinomycin D activity, the cellular level of p53 protein increased, subsequently upregulating both Puma mRNA and protein. Puma-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis was accompanied by nucleolin cleavage and Bcl-2 mRNA destabilization. The stability of the cellular level of Bcl-2 protein independent of a mRNA decrease suggests that protection of Bcl-2 protein against proteasomal degradation can moderate the apoptotic process. In peripheral blood lymphocytes cultured in vitro, the apoptosis induced by a low concentration of actinomycin D (10 nmol/l) is dependent on p53 and Puma activation. This apoptotic pathway is demonstrated in peripheral blood lymphocytes for the first time. A different apoptotic pathway induced in peripheral blood lymphocytes using this drug has, however, been previously revealed by other authors. The combination of cell specificity and dose-dependent effects can likely play a decisive role in apoptosis observed in peripheral blood lymphocytes after genotoxic drug application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kalousek
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 1, 128-20 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Severino A, Abbruzzese C, Manente L, Valderas AA, Mattarocci S, Federico A, Starace G, Chersi A, Mileo AM, Paggi MG. Human papillomavirus-16 E7 interacts with Siva-1 and modulates apoptosis in HaCaT human immortalized keratinocytes. J Cell Physiol 2007; 212:118-25. [PMID: 17348035 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The viral factor E7 plays a key role in the well-established association between "high-risk" Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the development of epithelial malignant tumors, as uterine cervix and ano-genital cancer. To delve into the molecular mechanisms of HPV-mediated cell transformation, we searched for novel potential cellular targets of the HPV-16 E7 oncoprotein, by means of the yeast two-hybrid technique, identifying a protein-protein interaction between HPV-16 E7 and the pro-apoptotic cellular factor Siva-1. Using co-precipitation assays and the "PepSets" technique, we confirmed this physical interaction and mapped accurately, for both proteins, the amino acid residues involved. Additionally, we found that HPV-16 E7 competed in vitro with the binding of the Bcl-X(L) anti-apoptotic factor to Siva-1, an interaction that has a major inference in UV radiation-induced apoptosis. In HaCaT immortalized human keratinocytes, forced HPV-16 E7 expression by retroviral infection caused Siva-1 transcript up-regulation, detected by cDNA macroarray hybridization and real-time quantitative PCR, paralleled by an increased amount of protein. Confirming the anti-apoptotic role of HPV-16 E7 in the HaCaT cellular model, evaluated by nuclear morphology, we also found that Siva-1 expression produced a significant increase of the apoptotic rate in UV radiation-exposed HaCaT cells, and that this effect resulted explicitly counteracted by HPV-16 E7. Being apoptosis a key physiological process for the elimination of irreversibly injured cells, the anti-apoptotic role of HPV-16 E7, performed at least by its interference with Siva-1, can be considered an additional mechanism for the survival of damaged, potentially transforming, cell clones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Severino
- Department for the Development of Therapeutic Programs, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|