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Tamada A, Muguruma K. Recapitulation and investigation of human brain development with neural organoids. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2024; 16:106-117. [PMID: 39007085 PMCID: PMC11240300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Organoids are 3D cultured tissues derived from stem cells that resemble the structure of living organs. Based on the accumulated knowledge of neural development, neural organoids that recapitulate neural tissue have been created by inducing self-organized neural differentiation of stem cells. Neural organoid techniques have been applied to human pluripotent stem cells to differentiate 3D human neural tissues in culture. Various methods have been developed to generate neural tissues of different regions. Currently, neural organoid technology has several significant limitations, which are being overcome in an attempt to create neural organoids that more faithfully recapitulate the living brain. The rapidly advancing neural organoid technology enables the use of living human neural tissue as research material and contributes to our understanding of the development, structure and function of the human nervous system, and is expected to be used to overcome neurological diseases and for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Tamada
- Department of iPS Cell Applied Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Keiko Muguruma
- Department of iPS Cell Applied Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
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2
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Development and In Vitro Differentiation of Schwann Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233753. [PMID: 36497014 PMCID: PMC9739763 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Schwann cells are glial cells of the peripheral nervous system. They exist in several subtypes and perform a variety of functions in nerves. Their derivation and culture in vitro are interesting for applications ranging from disease modeling to tissue engineering. Since primary human Schwann cells are challenging to obtain in large quantities, in vitro differentiation from other cell types presents an alternative. Here, we first review the current knowledge on the developmental signaling mechanisms that determine neural crest and Schwann cell differentiation in vivo. Next, an overview of studies on the in vitro differentiation of Schwann cells from multipotent stem cell sources is provided. The molecules frequently used in those protocols and their involvement in the relevant signaling pathways are put into context and discussed. Focusing on hiPSC- and hESC-based studies, different protocols are described and compared, regarding cell sources, differentiation methods, characterization of cells, and protocol efficiency. A brief insight into developments regarding the culture and differentiation of Schwann cells in 3D is given. In summary, this contribution provides an overview of the current resources and methods for the differentiation of Schwann cells, it supports the comparison and refinement of protocols and aids the choice of suitable methods for specific applications.
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3
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Gao P, Liu S, Wang X, Ikeya M. Dental applications of induced pluripotent stem cells and their derivatives. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2022; 58:162-171. [PMID: 35516907 PMCID: PMC9065891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal tissue regeneration is the ideal tactic for treating periodontitis. Tooth regeneration is the potential strategy to restore the lost teeth. With infinite self-renewal, broad differentiation potential, and less ethical issues than embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are promising cell resource for periodontal and tooth regeneration. This review summarized the optimized technologies of generating iPSC lines and application of iPSC derivatives, which reduce the risk of tumorigenicity. Given that iPSCs may have epigenetic memory from the donor tissue and tend to differentiate into lineages along with the donor cells, iPSCs derived from dental tissues may benefit for personalized dental application. Neural crest cells (NCCs) and mesenchymal stem or stomal cells (MSCs) are lineage-specific progenitor cells derived from iPSCs and can differentiate into multilineage cell types. This review introduced the updated technologies of inducing iPSC-derived NCCs and iPSC-derived MSCs and their application in periodontal and tooth regeneration. Given the complexity of periodontal tissues and teeth, it is crucial to elucidate the integrated mechanisms of all constitutive cells and the spatio-temporal interactions among them to generate structural periodontal tissues and functional teeth. Thus, more sophisticated studies in vitro and in vivo and even preclinical investigations need to be conducted.
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4
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Cerrizuela S, Vega-Lopez GA, Méndez-Maldonado K, Velasco I, Aybar MJ. The crucial role of model systems in understanding the complexity of cell signaling in human neurocristopathies. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1537. [PMID: 35023327 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Animal models are useful to study the molecular, cellular, and morphogenetic mechanisms underlying normal and pathological development. Cell-based study models have emerged as an alternative approach to study many aspects of human embryonic development and disease. The neural crest (NC) is a transient, multipotent, and migratory embryonic cell population that generates a diverse group of cell types that arises during vertebrate development. The abnormal formation or development of the NC results in neurocristopathies (NCPs), which are characterized by a broad spectrum of functional and morphological alterations. The impaired molecular mechanisms that give rise to these multiphenotypic diseases are not entirely clear yet. This fact, added to the high incidence of these disorders in the newborn population, has led to the development of systematic approaches for their understanding. In this article, we have systematically reviewed the ways in which experimentation with different animal and cell model systems has improved our knowledge of NCPs, and how these advances might contribute to the development of better diagnostic and therapeutic tools for the treatment of these pathologies. This article is categorized under: Congenital Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics Congenital Diseases > Stem Cells and Development Congenital Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Neurological Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Cerrizuela
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Guillermo A Vega-Lopez
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT), Tucumán, Argentina.,Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Karla Méndez-Maldonado
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular - Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Iván Velasco
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular - Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular del Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM en el Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Manuel J Aybar
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT), Tucumán, Argentina.,Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
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5
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Sasai N, Kadoya M, Ong Lee Chen A. Neural induction: Historical views and application to pluripotent stem cells. Dev Growth Differ 2021; 63:26-37. [PMID: 33289091 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are a useful experimental material to recapitulate the differentiation steps of early embryos, which are usually invisible and inaccessible from outside of the body, especially in mammals. ES cells have greatly facilitated the analyses of gene expression profiles and cell characteristics. In addition, understanding the mechanisms during neural differentiation is important for clinical purposes, such as developing new therapeutic methods or regenerative medicine. As neurons have very limited regenerative ability, neurodegenerative diseases are usually intractable, and patients suffer from the disease throughout their lifetimes. The functional cells generated from ES cells in vitro could replace degenerative areas by transplantation. In this review, we will first demonstrate the historical views and widely accepted concepts regarding the molecular mechanisms of neural induction and positional information to produce the specific types of neurons in model animals. Next, we will describe how these concepts have recently been applied to the research in the establishment of the methodology of neural differentiation from mammalian ES cells. Finally, we will focus on examples of the applications of differentiation systems to clinical purposes. Overall, the discussion will focus on how historical developmental studies are applied to state-of-the-art stem cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Sasai
- Developmental Biomedical Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Minori Kadoya
- Developmental Biomedical Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Agnes Ong Lee Chen
- Developmental Biomedical Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
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6
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Méndez-Maldonado K, Vega-López GA, Aybar MJ, Velasco I. Neurogenesis From Neural Crest Cells: Molecular Mechanisms in the Formation of Cranial Nerves and Ganglia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:635. [PMID: 32850790 PMCID: PMC7427511 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural crest (NC) is a transient multipotent cell population that originates in the dorsal neural tube. Cells of the NC are highly migratory, as they travel considerable distances through the body to reach their final sites. Derivatives of the NC are neurons and glia of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the enteric nervous system as well as non-neural cells. Different signaling pathways triggered by Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs), Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFs), Wnt proteins, Notch ligands, retinoic acid (RA), and Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) participate in the processes of induction, specification, cell migration and neural differentiation of the NC. A specific set of signaling pathways and transcription factors are initially expressed in the neural plate border and then in the NC cell precursors to the formation of cranial nerves. The molecular mechanisms of control during embryonic development have been gradually elucidated, pointing to an important role of transcriptional regulators when neural differentiation occurs. However, some of these proteins have an important participation in malformations of the cranial portion and their mutation results in aberrant neurogenesis. This review aims to give an overview of the role of cell signaling and of the function of transcription factors involved in the specification of ganglia precursors and neurogenesis to form the NC-derived cranial nerves during organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Méndez-Maldonado
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular - Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Guillermo A Vega-López
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.,Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Manuel J Aybar
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.,Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Iván Velasco
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular - Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Ciudad de México, Mexico
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7
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Investigating developmental and disease mechanisms of the cerebellum with pluripotent stem cells. Mol Cell Neurosci 2020; 107:103530. [PMID: 32693017 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2020.103530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum is a brain region located in the dorsal part of the anterior hindbrain, composed of a highly stereotyped neural circuit structure with small sets of neurons. The cerebellum is involved in a wide variety of functions such as motor control, learning, cognition and others. Damage to the cerebellum often leads to impairments in motor skills (cerebellar ataxia). Cerebellar ataxia can occur as a result of neurodegenerative diseases such as spinocerebellar ataxia. Recent advances in technologies related to pluripotent stem cells and their neural differentiation has enabled researchers to investigate the mechanisms of development and of disease in the human brain. Here, we review recent applications of leading-edge stem cell technologies to the mechanistic investigation of human cerebellar development and neurological diseases affecting the cerebellum.
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8
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Nakayama N, Pothiawala A, Lee JY, Matthias N, Umeda K, Ang BK, Huard J, Huang Y, Sun D. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived chondroprogenitors for cartilage tissue engineering. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:2543-2563. [PMID: 31915836 PMCID: PMC11104892 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03445-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The cartilage of joints, such as meniscus and articular cartilage, is normally long lasting (i.e., permanent). However, once damaged, especially in large animals and humans, joint cartilage is not spontaneously repaired. Compensating the lack of repair activity by supplying cartilage-(re)forming cells, such as chondrocytes or mesenchymal stromal cells, or by transplanting a piece of normal cartilage, has been the basis of therapy for biological restoration of damaged joint cartilage. Unfortunately, current biological therapies face problems on a number of fronts. The joint cartilage is generated de novo from a specialized cell type, termed a 'joint progenitor' or 'interzone cell' during embryogenesis. Therefore, embryonic chondroprogenitors that mimic the property of joint progenitors might be the best type of cell for regenerating joint cartilage in the adult. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are expected to differentiate in culture into any somatic cell type through processes that mimic embryogenesis, making human (h)PSCs a promising source of embryonic chondroprogenitors. The major research goals toward the clinical application of PSCs in joint cartilage regeneration are to (1) efficiently generate lineage-specific chondroprogenitors from hPSCs, (2) expand the chondroprogenitors to the number needed for therapy without loss of their chondrogenic activity, and (3) direct the in vivo or in vitro differentiation of the chondroprogenitors to articular or meniscal (i.e., permanent) chondrocytes rather than growth plate (i.e., transient) chondrocytes. This review is aimed at providing the current state of research toward meeting these goals. We also include our recent achievement of successful generation of "permanent-like" cartilage from long-term expandable, hPSC-derived ectomesenchymal chondroprogenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Nakayama
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Medical School, 1825 Pressler St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Azim Pothiawala
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Medical School, 1825 Pressler St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - John Y Lee
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Medical School, 1825 Pressler St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Nadine Matthias
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Medical School, 1825 Pressler St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Katsutsugu Umeda
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Medical School, 1825 Pressler St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto University School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Bryan K Ang
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Medical School, 1825 Pressler St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Weil Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Johnny Huard
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, USA
| | - Yun Huang
- Institute of Bioscience and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Deqiang Sun
- Institute of Bioscience and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA
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9
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Development and Differentiation of Midbrain Dopaminergic Neuron: From Bench to Bedside. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061489. [PMID: 32570916 PMCID: PMC7349799 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting the motor system. It is primarily due to substantial loss of midbrain dopamine (mDA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and to decreased innervation to the striatum. Although existing drug therapy available can relieve the symptoms in early-stage PD patients, it cannot reverse the pathogenic progression of PD. Thus, regenerating functional mDA neurons in PD patients may be a cure to the disease. The proof-of-principle clinical trials showed that human fetal graft-derived mDA neurons could restore the release of dopamine neurotransmitters, could reinnervate the striatum, and could alleviate clinical symptoms in PD patients. The invention of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), autologous source of neural progenitors with less ethical consideration, and risk of graft rejection can now be generated in vitro. This advancement also prompts extensive research to decipher important developmental signaling in differentiation, which is key to successful in vitro production of functional mDA neurons and the enabler of mass manufacturing of the cells required for clinical applications. In this review, we summarize the biology and signaling involved in the development of mDA neurons and the current progress and methodology in driving efficient mDA neuron differentiation from pluripotent stem cells.
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10
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In Vitro Differentiation of Human Skin-Derived Cells into Functional Sensory Neurons-Like. Cells 2020; 9:cells9041000. [PMID: 32316463 PMCID: PMC7226083 DOI: 10.3390/cells9041000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin-derived precursor cells (SKPs) are neural crest stem cells that persist in certain adult tissues, particularly in the skin. They can generate a large type of cell in vitro, including neurons. SKPs were induced to differentiate into sensory neurons (SNs) by molecules that were previously shown to be important for the generation of SNs: purmorphamine, CHIR99021, BMP4, GDNF, BDNF, and NGF. We showed that the differentiation of SKPs induced the upregulation of neurogenins. At the end of the differentiation protocol, transcriptional analysis was performed on BRN3A and a marker of pain-sensing nerve cell PRDM12 genes: 1000 times higher for PRDM12 and 2500 times higher for BRN3A in differentiated cells than they were in undifferentiated SKPs. Using immunostaining, we showed that 65% and 80% of cells expressed peripheral neuron markers BRN3A and PERIPHERIN, respectively. Furthermore, differentiated cells expressed TRPV1, PAR2, TRPA1, substance P, CGRP, HR1. Using calcium imaging, we observed that a proportion of cells responded to histamine, SLIGKV (a specific agonist of PAR2), polygodial (a specific agonist of TRPA1), and capsaicin (a specific agonist of TRPV1). In conclusion, SKPs are able to differentiate directly into functional SNs. These differentiated cells will be very useful for further in vitro studies.
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11
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Yoshioka K, Ito A, Kawabe Y, Kamihira M. Novel neuromuscular junction model in 2D and 3D myotubes co-cultured with induced pluripotent stem cell-derived motor neurons. J Biosci Bioeng 2020; 129:486-493. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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12
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Krawczyk E, Hong SH, Galli S, Trinh E, Wietlisbach L, Misiukiewicz SF, Tilan JU, Chen YS, Schlegel R, Kitlinska J. Murine neuroblastoma cell lines developed by conditional reprogramming preserve heterogeneous phenotypes observed in vivo. J Transl Med 2020; 100:38-51. [PMID: 31409888 PMCID: PMC6920526 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0297-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a pediatric tumor of the peripheral nervous system. Treatment of the disease represents an unsolved clinical problem, as survival of patients with aggressive form of NB remains below 50%. Despite recent identification of numerous potential therapeutic targets, clinical trials validating them are challenging due to the rarity of the disease and its high patient-to-patient heterogeneity. Hence, there is a need for the accurate preclinical models that would allow testing novel therapeutic approaches and prioritizing the clinical studies, preferentially in personalized way. Here, we propose using conditional reprogramming (CR) technology for rapid development of primary NB cell cultures that could become a new model for such tests. This newly established method allowed for indefinite propagation of normal and tumor cells of epithelial origin in an undifferentiated state by their culture in the presence of Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, Y-27632, and irradiated mouse feeder cells. Using a modification of this approach, we isolated cell lines from tumors arising in the TH-MYCN murine transgenic model of NB (CR-NB). The cells were positive for neuronal markers, including Phox2B and peripherin and consisted of two distinct populations: mesenchymal and adrenergic expressing corresponding markers of their specific lineage. This heterogeneity of the CR-NB cells mimicked the different tumor cell phenotypes in TH-MYCN tumor tissues. The CR-NB cells preserved anchorage-independent growth capability and were successfully passaged, frozen and biobanked. Further studies are required to determine the utility of this method for isolation of human NB cultures, which can become a novel model for basic, translational, and clinical research, including individualized drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Krawczyk
- Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA.
| | - Sung-Hyeok Hong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC
| | - Susana Galli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC
| | - Emily Trinh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC
| | - Larissa Wietlisbach
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC
| | - Sara F. Misiukiewicz
- Human Science Department, School of Nursing and Health Studies, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC
| | - Jason U. Tilan
- Human Science Department, School of Nursing and Health Studies, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC
| | - You-Shin Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC
| | - Richard Schlegel
- Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC
| | - Joanna Kitlinska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC
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13
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Wu HF, Zeltner N. Overview of Methods to Differentiate Sympathetic Neurons from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 50:e92. [PMID: 31479594 DOI: 10.1002/cpsc.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sympathetic neurons are crucial for maintenance of body homeostasis and regulation of all organs. Diseases can arise from malfunction of sympathetic neurons, including malignancies, hypertension, and genetic disorders. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) allow modeling of human diseases and the in-depth study of pathologies of specific cell types associated with such disorders. Advances in the ability to differentiate hPSCs in vitro has allowed the generation of specific cell types such as sympathetic neurons, which provides the novel opportunity to study diseases affecting the sympathetic nervous system in the human context. Here, we compare selected recent publications that have achieved the goal of generating sympathetic neurons from hPSCs. We discuss strengths and weaknesses of each approach and debate future improvements and the next steps for using these neurons to better our understanding of sympathetic neuron disorders and their treatments. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh Fu Wu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Nadja Zeltner
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.,Department of Cellular Biology, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
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14
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Stage-dependent differential gene expression profiles of cranial neural crest-like cells derived from mouse-induced pluripotent stem cells. Med Mol Morphol 2019; 53:28-41. [PMID: 31297611 PMCID: PMC7033077 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-019-00229-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cranial neural crest cells are multipotent cells that migrate into the pharyngeal arches of the vertebrate embryo and differentiate into various craniofacial organ derivatives. Therefore, migrating cranial neural crest cells are considered one of the most attractive candidate cell sources in regenerative medicine. We generated cranial neural crest like cell (cNCCs) using mouse-induced pluripotent stem cells cultured in neural crest-inducing medium for 14 days. Subsequently, we conducted RNA sequencing experiments to analyze gene expression profiles of cNCCs at different time points after induction. cNCCs expressed several neural crest specifier genes; however, some previously reported specifier genes such as paired box 3 and Forkhead box D3, which are essential for embryonic neural crest development, were not expressed. Moreover, ETS proto-oncogene 1, transcription factor and sex-determining region Y-box 10 were only expressed after 14 days of induction. Finally, cNCCs expressed multiple protocadherins and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs enzymes, which may be crucial for their migration.
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15
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Méndez-Maldonado K, Vega-López G, Caballero-Chacón S, Aybar MJ, Velasco I. Activation of Hes1 and Msx1 in Transgenic Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Increases Differentiation into Neural Crest Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E4025. [PMID: 30551562 PMCID: PMC6321090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural crest (NC) comprises a multipotent cell population that produces peripheral neurons, cartilage, and smooth muscle cells, among other phenotypes. The participation of Hes1 and Msx1 when expressed in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) undergoing NC differentiation is unexplored. In this work, we generated stable mESCs transfected with constructs encoding chimeric proteins in which the ligand binding domain of glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which is translocated to the nucleus by dexamethasone addition, is fused to either Hes1 (HGR) or Msx1 (MGR), as well as double-transgenic cells (HGR+MGR). These lines continued to express pluripotency markers. Upon NC differentiation, all lines exhibited significantly decreased Sox2 expression and upregulated Sox9, Snai1, and Msx1 expression, indicating NC commitment. Dexamethasone was added to induce nuclear translocation of the chimeric proteins. We found that Collagen IIa transcripts were increased in MGR cells, whereas coactivation of HGR+MGR caused a significant increase in Smooth muscle actin (α-Sma) transcripts. Immunostaining showed that activation in HGR+MGR cells induced higher proportions of β-TUBULIN III⁺, α-SMA⁺ and COL2A1⁺ cells. These findings indicate that nuclear translocation of MSX-1, alone or in combination with HES-1, produce chondrocyte-like cells, and simultaneous activation of HES-1 and MSX-1 increases the generation of smooth muscle and neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Méndez-Maldonado
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular-Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, México.
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular del Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM en el Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Ciudad de México 14269, México.
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, México.
| | - Guillermo Vega-López
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán T4000ILI, Argentina.
- Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán T4000ILI, Argentina.
| | - Sara Caballero-Chacón
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, México.
| | - Manuel J Aybar
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán T4000ILI, Argentina.
- Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán T4000ILI, Argentina.
| | - Iván Velasco
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular-Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, México.
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular del Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM en el Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Ciudad de México 14269, México.
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Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells to Sympathetic Neurons: A Potential Model for Understanding Neuroblastoma Pathogenesis. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:4391641. [PMID: 30515222 PMCID: PMC6236576 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4391641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Previous studies modelling human neural crest differentiation from stem cells have resulted in a low yield of sympathetic neurons. Our aim was to optimise a method for the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to sympathetic neuron-like cells (SN) to model normal human SNS development. Results Using stromal-derived inducing activity (SDIA) of PA6 cells plus BMP4 and B27 supplements, the H9 hESC line was differentiated to neural crest stem-like cells and SN-like cells. After 7 days of PA6 cell coculture, mRNA expression of SNAIL and SOX-9 neural crest specifier genes and the neural marker peripherin (PRPH) increased. Expression of the pluripotency marker OCT 4 decreased, whereas TP53 and LIN28B expression remained high at levels similar to SHSY5Y and IMR32 neuroblastoma cell lines. A 5-fold increase in the expression of the catecholaminergic marker tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and the noradrenergic marker dopamine betahydroxylase (DBH) was observed by day 7 of differentiation. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting for the neural crest marker p75, enriched for cells expressing p75, DBH, TH, and PRPH, was more specific than p75 neural crest stem cell (NCSC) microbeads. On day 28 post p75 sorting, dual immunofluorescence identified sympathetic neurons by PRPH and TH copositivity cells in 20% of the cell population. Noradrenergic sympathetic neurons, identified by copositivity for both PHOX2B and DBH, were present in 9.4% ± 5.5% of cells. Conclusions We have optimised a method for noradrenergic SNS development using the H9 hESC line to improve our understanding of normal human SNS development and, in a future work, the pathogenesis of neuroblastoma.
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Paerhati P, Ito A, Yoshioka K, Iwamoto K, Fujiwara S, Horie M, Kawabe Y, Kamihira M. Neural differentiation of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells using cadherin gene-engineered PA6 feeder cells. J Biosci Bioeng 2018; 127:633-640. [PMID: 30391238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Investigating neural differentiation of pluripotent stem cells, including induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, is of importance for studying early neural development and providing a potential source of cells for nerve regeneration. Stromal cell-derived inducing activity (SDIA) using PA6 stromal cells promotes neural differentiation of iPS cells. Thus, we hypothesized that cadherin gene-engineered PA6 feeder cells will enhance the performance of SDIA by facilitating cell-cell interactions. Consequently, we created cadherin gene-engineered PA6 cells. Efficiency of neural differentiation from mouse iPS cells on PA6 feeder cells overexpressing E-cadherin gene (46%) or N-cadherin gene (27%) was significantly higher compared with parental PA6 feeder cells (19%). In addition, efficiency of motor neuron differentiation from mouse iPS cells on cadherin-gene engineered feeder cells (E-cadherin, 7.4%; N-cadherin, 11%) was significantly higher compared with parental PA6 feeder cells (4.1%). Altogether, these results indicate that cadherin gene-engineered feeder cells are a potent tool for promoting neural differentiation of pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paerwen Paerhati
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Akira Ito
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kantaro Yoshioka
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kaori Iwamoto
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Sho Fujiwara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masanobu Horie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kawabe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masamichi Kamihira
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
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Karamali F, Esfahani MHN, Taleahmad S, Satarian L, Baharvand H. Stem cells from apical papilla promote differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells towards retinal cells. Differentiation 2018; 101:8-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Abstract
Neural crest cells (NCCs) are multipotent cells that emerge from the edges of the neural folds and extensively migrate throughout developing embryos. Dorsolaterally migrating NCCs colonize skin, differentiate into skin melanocytes, and lose their multipotency. Multipotent NCCs or NCCs derived multipotent stem cells (MSCs) were recently detected in their migrated locations, including skin, despite restrictions in cell fate acquisition following migration. Since many features of NCCs have yet to be revealed, the novel properties of NCCs represent an important and interesting field in stem cell biology. We previously reported the direct conversion of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) into NCCs by the forced expression of the transcription factors C-MYC, KLF4, and SOX10. We herein describe the methods employed for direct conversion: retrovirus infection for the forced expression of transcription factors, a flow cytometry-sorting method for the isolation of converted NCCs, and culture methods for the maintenance and differentiation of the converted NCCs.
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Arpornmaeklong P, Pressler MJ. Effects of ß-TCP scaffolds on neurogenic and osteogenic differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. Ann Anat 2018; 215:52-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Acuna-Mendoza S, Martin S, Kuchler-Bopp S, Ribes S, Thalgott J, Chaussain C, Creuzet S, Lesot H, Lebrin F, Poliard A. A New Wnt1-CRE TomatoRosa Embryonic Stem Cell Line: A Tool for Studying Neural Crest Cell Integration Capacity. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 26:1682-1694. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Soledad Acuna-Mendoza
- EA 2496, Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, School of Dentistry, Sorbonne Paris Cité, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Department of Pathology and Oral Medicine, Dental Faculty, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sabrina Martin
- CNRS UMR 7241/INSERM U1050, CIRB, Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Sabine Kuchler-Bopp
- INSERM, UMR 1109, Osteoarticular and Dental Regenerative NanoMedicine Laboratory, Strasbourg, France
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sandy Ribes
- EA 2496, Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, School of Dentistry, Sorbonne Paris Cité, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Jérémy Thalgott
- The Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Catherine Chaussain
- EA 2496, Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, School of Dentistry, Sorbonne Paris Cité, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- AP-HP Department of Odontology, Bretonneau Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Creuzet
- Laboratoire Neurobiologie et Développement, Institut de Neurobiologie, CNRS-UPR3294, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hervé Lesot
- INSERM, UMR 1109, Osteoarticular and Dental Regenerative NanoMedicine Laboratory, Strasbourg, France
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Franck Lebrin
- CNRS UMR 7241/INSERM U1050, CIRB, Collège de France, Paris, France
- The Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anne Poliard
- EA 2496, Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, School of Dentistry, Sorbonne Paris Cité, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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Hayakawa K, Sakamoto Y, Kanie O, Ohtake A, Daikoku S, Ito Y, Shiota K. Reactivation of hyperglycemia-induced hypocretin (HCRT) gene silencing by N-acetyl-d-mannosamine in the orexin neurons derived from human iPS cells. Epigenetics 2017; 12:764-778. [PMID: 28762874 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2017.1346775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Orexin neurons regulate critical brain activities for controlling sleep, eating, emotions, and metabolism, and impaired orexin neuron function results in several neurologic disorders. Therefore, restoring normal orexin function and understanding the mechanisms of loss or impairment of orexin neurons represent important goals. As a step toward that end, we generated human orexin neurons from induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) by treatment with N-acetyl-d-mannosamine (ManNAc) and its derivatives. The generation of orexin neurons was associated with DNA hypomethylation, histone H3/H4 hyperacetylation, and hypo-O-GlcNAcylation on the HCRT gene locus, and, thereby, the treatment of inhibitors of SIRT1 and OGT were effective at inducing orexin neurons from hiPSCs. The prolonged exposure of orexin neurons to high glucose in culture caused irreversible silencing of the HCRT gene, which was characterized by H3/H4 hypoacetylation and hyper-O-GlcNAcylation. The DNA hypomethylation status, once established in orexin neurogenesis, was maintained in the HCRT-silenced orexin neurons, indicating that histone modifications, but not DNA methylation, were responsible for the HCRT silencing. Thus, the epigenetic status of the HCRT gene is unique to the hyperglycemia-induced silencing. Intriguingly, treatment of ManNAc and its derivatives reactivated HCRT gene expression, while inhibitors SIRT1 and the OGT did not. The present study revealed that the HCRT gene was silenced by the hyperglycemia condition, and ManNAc and its derivatives were useful for restoring the orexin neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Hayakawa
- a Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Animal Resource Sciences/Veterinary Medical Sciences , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Yasuharu Sakamoto
- b Synthetic Cellular Chemistry Laboratory , RIKEN , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako , Saitama , Japan
| | - Osamu Kanie
- c Japan Science and Technology Agency ERATO Glycotrilogy Project , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako , Saitama , Japan.,d Present address: Institute of Advanced Biosciences, Tokai University , 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka , Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Atsuko Ohtake
- c Japan Science and Technology Agency ERATO Glycotrilogy Project , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako , Saitama , Japan
| | - Shusaku Daikoku
- c Japan Science and Technology Agency ERATO Glycotrilogy Project , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako , Saitama , Japan
| | - Yukishige Ito
- b Synthetic Cellular Chemistry Laboratory , RIKEN , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako , Saitama , Japan.,c Japan Science and Technology Agency ERATO Glycotrilogy Project , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako , Saitama , Japan
| | - Kunio Shiota
- a Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Animal Resource Sciences/Veterinary Medical Sciences , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan.,e Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University , Tokyo , Japan
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Münst S, Koch P, Kesavan J, Alexander-Mays M, Münst B, Blaess S, Brüstle O. In vitro segregation and isolation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived neural crest cells. Methods 2017; 133:65-80. [PMID: 29037816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The neural crest (NC) is a transient embryonic cell population with remarkable characteristics. After delaminating from the neural tube, NC cells (NCCs) migrate extensively, populate nearly every tissue of the body and differentiate into highly diverse cell types such as peripheral neurons and glia, but also mesenchymal cells including chondrocytes, osteocytes, and adipocytes. While the NC has been extensively studied in several animal models, little is known about human NC development. A number of methods have been established to derive NCCs in vitro from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC). Typically, these protocols comprise several cell culture steps to enrich for NCCs in the neural derivatives of the differentiating hPSCs. Here we report on a remarkable and hitherto unnoticed in vitro segregation phenomenon that enables direct extraction of virtually pure NCCs during the earliest stages of hPSC differentiation. Upon aggregation to embryoid bodies (EB) and replating, differentiating hPSCs give rise to a population of NCCs, which spontaneously segregate from the EB outgrowth to form conspicuous, macroscopically visible atoll-shaped clusters in the periphery of the EB outgrowth. Isolation of these NC clusters yields p75NTR(+)/SOXE(+) NCCs, which differentiate to peripheral neurons and glia as well as mesenchymal derivatives. Our data indicate that differentiating hPSC cultures recapitulate, in a simplified manner, the physical segregation of central nervous system (CNS) tissue and NCCs. This phenomenon may be exploited for NCC purification and for studying segregation and differentiation processes observed during early human NC development in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Münst
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn Medical Faculty, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Philipp Koch
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn Medical Faculty, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jaideep Kesavan
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn Medical Faculty, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Alexander-Mays
- Institute of Human Genetics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn Medical Faculty, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernhard Münst
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn Medical Faculty, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sandra Blaess
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn Medical Faculty, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver Brüstle
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn Medical Faculty, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
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Alpha 1A-adrenoceptor antagonist improves underactive bladder associated with diabetic cystopathy via bladder blood flow in rats. BMC Urol 2017; 17:64. [PMID: 28835278 PMCID: PMC5569480 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-017-0256-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with diabetes experience lower urinary tract symptoms. Cystopathy may evolve into underactive bladder (UAB), depending on the degree and duration of the symptoms. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of silodosin, an alpha1A-adrenoceptor (AR) antagonist, on UAB in a rat model of diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods Female Sprague-Dawley rats (6 weeks old) were administered streptozotocin (STZ) (50 mg/kg, i.v.) to establish a DM model. One week after STZ administration, vehicle or silodosin (0.3 or 1 mg/kg/day) was delivered subcutaneously through an osmotic pump. Nine weeks after STZ administration (8 weeks after drug treatment), a catheter was implanted into the bladder under urethane anesthesia. After the measurement of emptied bladder blood flow (BBF), saline was continuously infused into the bladder and intravesical pressure and micturition volume were measured. In another experiment, the bladder was isolated and nerve markers were quantified. Results A cystometrogram showed that bladder capacity (BC), residual volume (RV), and bladder extension (BC/bladder weight) increased by 7.43, 10.47, and 3.59 times, respectively, in vehicle rats in comparison with normal rats. These findings suggested the occurrence of UAB-like symptoms in this model. Silodosin (1 mg/kg/day) inhibited the increase in BC and RV by 49.0% and 46.8%, respectively, and caused a decrease in BBF of approximately 25.5% (when the difference between normal and vehicle was set as 100%) in STZ rats. The nerve marker expression levels tended to be decreased in the bladders of STZ rats and these effects were ameliorated by silodosin. Conclusions The STZ rats showed increased bladder extension and RV, symptoms that were suggestive of UAB, and these symptoms were ameliorated by silodosin. These results suggested that the alpha1A-AR antagonist would be useful for the prevention or treatment of UAB.
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Ogawa Y, Kaizu K, Yanagi Y, Takada S, Sakuraba H, Oishi K. Abnormal differentiation of Sandhoff disease model mouse-derived multipotent stem cells toward a neural lineage. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178978. [PMID: 28575132 PMCID: PMC5456357 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In Sandhoff disease (SD), the activity of the lysosomal hydrolytic enzyme, β-hexosaminidase (Hex), is lost due to a Hexb gene defect, which results in the abnormal accumulation of the substrate, GM2 ganglioside (GM2), in neuronal cells, causing neuronal loss, microglial activation, and astrogliosis. We established induced pluripotent stem cells from the cells of SD mice (SD-iPSCs). In the present study, we investigated the occurrence of abnormal differentiation and development of a neural lineage in the asymptomatic phase of SD in vitro using SD mouse fetus-derived neural stem cells (NSCs) and SD-iPSCs. It was assumed that the number of SD mouse fetal brain-derived NSCs was reduced and differentiation was promoted, resulting in the inhibition of differentiation into neurons and enhancement of differentiation into astrocytes. The number of SD-iPSC-derived NSCs was also reduced, suggesting that the differentiation of NSCs was promoted, resulting in the inhibition of differentiation into neurons and enhancement of that into astrocytes. This abnormal differentiation of SD-iPSCs toward a neural lineage was reduced by the glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor, miglustat. Furthermore, abnormal differentiation toward a neural lineage was reduced in SD-iPSCs with Hexb gene transfection. Therefore, differentiation ability along the time axis appears to be altered in SD mice in which the differentiation ability of NSCs is promoted and differentiation into neurons is completed earlier, while the timing of differentiation into astrocytes is accelerated. These results clarified that the abnormal differentiation of SD-iPSCs toward a neural lineage in vitro was shown to reflect the pathology of SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Ogawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Kaizu
- Department of Pharmacology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yanagi
- Department of Pharmacology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Subaru Takada
- Department of Pharmacology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakuraba
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Oishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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KAWASAKI H. Molecular investigations of development and diseases of the brain of higher mammals using the ferret. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2017; 93:259-269. [PMID: 28496051 PMCID: PMC5489433 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.93.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The brains of higher mammals such as primates and carnivores contain well-developed unique brain structures. Uncovering the physiological functions, developmental mechanisms and evolution of these brain structures would greatly facilitate our understanding of the human brain and its diseases. Although the anatomical and electrophysiological features of these brain structures have been intensively investigated, our knowledge about their molecular bases is still limited. To overcome this limitation, genetic techniques for the brains of carnivores and primates have been established, and molecules whose expression patterns correspond to these brain structures were identified recently. To investigate the functional roles of these molecules, rapid and efficient genetic manipulation methods for higher mammals have been explored. In this review, recent advances in molecular investigations of the brains of higher mammals are discussed, mainly focusing on ferrets (Mustela putorius furo).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi KAWASAKI
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
- Brain/Liver Interface Medicine Research Center, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
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Studer L. Strategies for bringing stem cell-derived dopamine neurons to the clinic—The NYSTEM trial. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2017; 230:191-212. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Liu JA, Cheung M. Neural crest stem cells and their potential therapeutic applications. Dev Biol 2016; 419:199-216. [PMID: 27640086 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The neural crest (NC) is a remarkable transient structure generated during early vertebrate development. The neural crest progenitors have extensive migratory capacity and multipotency, harboring stem cell-like characteristics such as self-renewal. They can differentiate into a variety of cell types from craniofacial skeletal tissues to the trunk peripheral nervous system (PNS). Multiple regulators such as signaling factors, transcription factors, and migration machinery components are expressed at different stages of NC development. Gain- and loss-of-function studies in various vertebrate species revealed epistatic relationships of these molecules that could be assembled into a gene regulatory network defining the processes of NC induction, specification, migration, and differentiation. These basic developmental studies led to the subsequent establishment and molecular validation of neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) derived by various strategies. We provide here an overview of the isolation and characterization of NCSCs from embryonic, fetal, and adult tissues; the experimental strategies for the derivation of NCSCs from embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and skin fibroblasts; and recent developments in the use of patient-derived NCSCs for modeling and treating neurocristopathies. We discuss future research on further refinement of the culture conditions required for the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into axial-specific NC progenitors and their derivatives, developing non-viral approaches for the generation of induced NC cells (NCCs), and using a genomic editing approach to correct genetic mutations in patient-derived NCSCs for transplantation therapy. These future endeavors should facilitate the therapeutic applications of NCSCs in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Aijia Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Martin Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Suga M, Hayashi Y, Furue MK. In vitromodels of cranial neural crest development toward toxicity tests: frog, mouse, and human. Oral Dis 2016; 23:559-565. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Suga
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Cultures; National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition; Osaka Ibaraki Japan
| | - Y Hayashi
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation; Faculty of Medicine; University of Tsukuba; Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - MK Furue
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Cultures; National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition; Osaka Ibaraki Japan
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Umebayashi D, Coles B, van der Kooy D. Enrichment of Oligodendrocyte Progenitors from Differentiated Neural Precursors by Clonal Sphere Preparations. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:712-28. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Umebayashi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Brenda Coles
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Derek van der Kooy
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Abstract
Tissue engineering of Schwann cells (SCs) can serve a number of purposes, such as in vitro SC-related disease modeling, treatment of peripheral nerve diseases or peripheral nerve injury, and, potentially, treatment of CNS diseases. SCs can be generated from autologous stem cells in vitro by recapitulating the various stages of in vivo neural crest formation and SC differentiation. In this review, we survey the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these in vivo processes. We then focus on the current in vitro strategies for generating SCs from two sources of pluripotent stem cells, namely embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Different methods for SC engineering from ESCs and iPSCs are reviewed and suggestions are proposed for optimizing the existing protocols. Potential safety issues regarding the clinical application of iPSC-derived SCs are discussed as well. Lastly, we will address future aspects of SC engineering.
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32
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Mechanisms of action of bone morphogenetic proteins in cancer. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2015; 27:81-92. [PMID: 26678814 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play fundamental roles in embryonic development and control differentiation of a diverse set of cell types. It is therefore of no surprise that the BMPs also contribute to the process of tumourigenesis and regulate cancer progression through various stages. We summarise here key roles of BMP ligands, receptors, their signalling mediators, mainly focusing on proteins of the Smad family, and extracellular antagonists, that contribute to the onset of tumourigenesis and to cancer progression in diverse tissues. Overall, the BMP pathways seem to act as tumour suppressors that maintain physiological tissue homeostasis and which are perturbed in cancer either via genetic mutation or via epigenetic misregulation of key gene components. BMPs also control the self-renewal and fate choices made by stem cells in several tissues. By promoting cell differentiation, including inhibition of the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, BMPs contribute to the malignant progression of cancer at advanced stages. It is therefore reasonable that pharmaceutical industries continuously develop biological agents and chemical modulators of BMP signalling with the aim to improve therapeutic regimes against several types of cancer.
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33
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The Specification and Maturation of Nociceptive Neurons from Human Embryonic Stem Cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16821. [PMID: 26581770 PMCID: PMC4652175 DOI: 10.1038/srep16821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Nociceptive neurons play an essential role in pain sensation by transmitting painful stimuli to the central nervous system. However, investigations of nociceptive neuron biology have been hampered by the lack of accessibility of human nociceptive neurons. Here, we describe a system for efficiently guiding human embryonic stem cells into nociceptive neurons by first inducing these cells to the neural lineage. Subsequent addition of retinoic acid and BMP4 at specific time points and concentrations yielded a high population of neural crest progenitor cells (AP2α+, P75+), which further differentiated into nociceptive neurons (TRKA+, Nav1.7+, P2X3+). The overexpression of Neurogenin 1 (Neurog1) promoted the neurons to express genes related to sensory neurons (Peripherin, TrkA) and to further mature into TRPV1+ nociceptive neurons. Importantly, the overexpression of Neurog1 increased the response of these neurons to capsaicin stimulation, a hallmark of mature functional nociceptive neurons. Taken together, this study reveals the important role that Neurog1 plays in generating functional human nociceptive neurons.
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34
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Tan Y, AlKhamees B, Jia D, Li L, Couture JF, Figeys D, Jinushi M, Wang L. MFG-E8 Is Critical for Embryonic Stem Cell-Mediated T Cell Immunomodulation. Stem Cell Reports 2015; 5:741-752. [PMID: 26455415 PMCID: PMC4649138 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecules and mechanisms pertinent to the low immunogenicity of undifferentiated embryonic stem cells (ESCs) remain poorly understood. Here, we provide evidence that milk fat globule epidermal growth factor 8 (MFG-E8) is a vital mediator in this phenomenon and directly suppresses T cell immune responses. MFG-E8 is enriched in undifferentiated ESCs but diminished in differentiated ESCs. Upregulation of MFG-E8 in ESCs increases the successful engraftment of both undifferentiated and differentiated ESCs across major histocompatibility complex barriers. MFG-E8 suppresses T cell activation/proliferation and inhibits Th1, Th2, and Th17 subpopulations while increasing regulatory T cell subsets. Neutralizing MFG-E8 substantially abrogates these effects, whereas addition of recombinant MFG-E8 to differentiated ESCs restores immunosuppression. Furthermore, we provide the evidence that MFG-E8 suppresses T cell activation and regulates T cell polarization by inhibiting PKCθ phosphorylation through the α3/5βV integrin receptor. Our findings offer an approach to facilitate transplantation acceptance. MFG-E8 is enriched in undifferentiated but diminished in differentiated ESCs MFG-E8 promotes allogeneic engraftment of ESC-derived tissues across the MHC barrier ESC-produced MFG-E8 inhibits Th1/Th2/Th17 while promoting regulatory T cells MFG-E8 modulates T cell polarization via inhibiting PKCθ phosphorylation
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Bodour AlKhamees
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Deyong Jia
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Li Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Jean-François Couture
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Daniel Figeys
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Masahisa Jinushi
- Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjiku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Lisheng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada.
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35
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Karbalaie K, Tanhaei S, Rabiei F, Kiani-Esfahani A, Masoudi NS, Nasr-Esfahani MH, Baharvand H. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous tooth exhibit stromal-derived inducing activity and lead to generation of neural crest cells from human embryonic stem cells. CELL JOURNAL 2015; 17:37-48. [PMID: 25870833 PMCID: PMC4393670 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2015.510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The neural crest is a transient structure of early vertebrate embryos that generates neural crest cells (NCCs). These cells can migrate throughout the body and produce a diverse array of mature tissue types. Due to the ethical and technical problems surrounding the isolation of these early human embryo cells, researchers have focused on in vitro studies to produce NCCs and increase their knowledge of neural crest development. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experimental study, we cultured human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) on stromal stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) for a two-week period. We used different approaches to characterize these differentiated cells as neural precursor cells (NPCs) and NCCs. RESULTS In the first co-culture week, hESCs appeared as crater-like structures with marginal rosettes. NPCs derived from these structures expressed the early neural crest marker p75 in addition to numerous other genes associated with neural crest induction such as SNAIL, SLUG, PTX3 and SOX9. Flow cytometry analysis showed 70% of the cells were AP2/P75 positive. Moreover, the cells were able to self-renew, sustain multipotent differentiation potential, and readily form neurospheres in suspension culture. CONCLUSION SHED, as an adult stem cell with a neural crest origin, has stromal-derived inducing activity (SDIA) and can be used as an NCC inducer from hESCs. These cells provide an invaluable resource to study neural crest differentiation in both normal and disordered human neural crest development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Karbalaie
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Somayyeh Tanhaei
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Rabiei
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abbas Kiani-Esfahani
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Najmeh Sadat Masoudi
- Department of Genetics at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran ; Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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36
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Jayakody SA, Gonzalez-Cordero A, Ali RR, Pearson RA. Cellular strategies for retinal repair by photoreceptor replacement. Prog Retin Eye Res 2015; 46:31-66. [PMID: 25660226 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Loss of photoreceptors due to retinal degeneration is a major cause of blindness in the developed world. While no effective treatment is currently available, cell replacement therapy, using pluripotent stem cell-derived photoreceptor precursor cells, may be a feasible future treatment. Recent reports have demonstrated rescue of visual function following the transplantation of immature photoreceptors and we have seen major advances in our ability to generate transplantation-competent donor cells from stem cell sources. Moreover, we are beginning to realise the possibilities of using endogenous populations of cells from within the retina itself to mediate retinal repair. Here, we present a review of our current understanding of endogenous repair mechanisms together with recent progress in the use of both ocular and pluripotent stem cells for the treatment of photoreceptor loss. We consider how our understanding of retinal development has underpinned many of the recent major advances in translation and moved us closer to the goal of restoring vision by cellular means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujatha A Jayakody
- Gene and Cell Therapy Group, Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath St, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Anai Gonzalez-Cordero
- Gene and Cell Therapy Group, Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath St, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Robin R Ali
- Gene and Cell Therapy Group, Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath St, London EC1V 9EL, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, City Road, London EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Rachael A Pearson
- Gene and Cell Therapy Group, Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath St, London EC1V 9EL, UK.
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37
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Fairbairn NG, Meppelink AM, Ng-Glazier J, Randolph MA, Winograd JM. Augmenting peripheral nerve regeneration using stem cells: A review of current opinion. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:11-26. [PMID: 25621102 PMCID: PMC4300921 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Outcomes following peripheral nerve injury remain frustratingly poor. The reasons for this are multifactorial, although maintaining a growth permissive environment in the distal nerve stump following repair is arguably the most important. The optimal environment for axonal regeneration relies on the synthesis and release of many biochemical mediators that are temporally and spatially regulated with a high level of incompletely understood complexity. The Schwann cell (SC) has emerged as a key player in this process. Prolonged periods of distal nerve stump denervation, characteristic of large gaps and proximal injuries, have been associated with a reduction in SC number and ability to support regenerating axons. Cell based therapy offers a potential therapy for the improvement of outcomes following peripheral nerve reconstruction. Stem cells have the potential to increase the number of SCs and prolong their ability to support regeneration. They may also have the ability to rescue and replenish populations of chromatolytic and apoptotic neurons following axotomy. Finally, they can be used in non-physiologic ways to preserve injured tissues such as denervated muscle while neuronal ingrowth has not yet occurred. Aside from stem cell type, careful consideration must be given to differentiation status, how stem cells are supported following transplantation and how they will be delivered to the site of injury. It is the aim of this article to review current opinions on the strategies of stem cell based therapy for the augmentation of peripheral nerve regeneration.
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38
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Minamino Y, Ohnishi Y, Kakudo K, Nozaki M. Isolation and Propagation of Neural Crest Stem Cells from Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells via Cranial Neurospheres. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:172-81. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Minamino
- Second Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka Dental University, Osaka, Japan
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ohnishi
- Second Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka Dental University, Osaka, Japan
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Kakudo
- Second Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka Dental University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masami Nozaki
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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39
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The Use of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells for the In Vitro Derivation of Cranial Placodes and Neural Crest Cells. Curr Top Dev Biol 2015; 111:497-514. [PMID: 25662270 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
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40
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Engraftable neural crest stem cells derived from cynomolgus monkey embryonic stem cells. Biomaterials 2015; 39:75-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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41
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Zhang D, Ighaniyan S, Stathopoulos L, Rollo B, Landman K, Hutson J, Newgreen D. The neural crest: a versatile organ system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 102:275-98. [PMID: 25227568 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The neural crest is the name given to the strip of cells at the junction between neural and epidermal ectoderm in neurula-stage vertebrate embryos, which is later brought to the dorsal neural tube as the neural folds elevate. The neural crest is a heterogeneous and multipotent progenitor cell population whose cells undergo EMT then extensively and accurately migrate throughout the embryo. Neural crest cells contribute to nearly every organ system in the body, with derivatives of neuronal, glial, neuroendocrine, pigment, and also mesodermal lineages. This breadth of developmental capacity has led to the neural crest being termed the fourth germ layer. The neural crest has occupied a prominent place in developmental biology, due to its exaggerated migratory morphogenesis and its remarkably wide developmental potential. As such, neural crest cells have become an attractive model for developmental biologists for studying these processes. Problems in neural crest development cause a number of human syndromes and birth defects known collectively as neurocristopathies; these include Treacher Collins syndrome, Hirschsprung disease, and 22q11.2 deletion syndromes. Tumors in the neural crest lineage are also of clinical importance, including the aggressive melanoma and neuroblastoma types. These clinical aspects have drawn attention to the selection or creation of neural crest progenitor cells, particularly of human origin, for studying pathologies of the neural crest at the cellular level, and also for possible cell therapeutics. The versatility of the neural crest lends itself to interlinked research, spanning basic developmental biology, birth defect research, oncology, and stem/progenitor cell biology and therapy.
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42
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Kunisada T, Tezulka KI, Aoki H, Motohashi T. The stemness of neural crest cells and their derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 102:251-62. [DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kunisada
- Department of Tissue and Organ Development, Regeneration, and Advanced Medical Science; Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Yanagido; Gifu 501-1194 Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Tezulka
- Department of Tissue and Organ Development, Regeneration, and Advanced Medical Science; Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Yanagido; Gifu 501-1194 Japan
| | - Hitomi Aoki
- Department of Tissue and Organ Development, Regeneration, and Advanced Medical Science; Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Yanagido; Gifu 501-1194 Japan
| | - Tsutomu Motohashi
- Department of Tissue and Organ Development, Regeneration, and Advanced Medical Science; Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Yanagido; Gifu 501-1194 Japan
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43
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Itoh F, Watabe T, Miyazono K. Roles of TGF-β family signals in the fate determination of pluripotent stem cells. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2014; 32:98-106. [PMID: 24910449 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family have been implicated in embryogenesis as well as in the determination of the cell fates of mouse and human embryonic stem (ES) cells, which are characterized by their self-renewal and pluripotency. The cellular responses to TGF-β family signals are divergent depending on the cellular context and local environment. TGF-β family signals play critical roles both in the maintenance of the pluripotent state of ES cells by inducing the expression of Nanog, Oct4, and Sox2, and in their differentiation into various cell types by regulating the expression of master regulatory genes. Moreover, multiple lines of evidence have suggested the importance of TGF-β family signals in establishing induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. Since ES and iPS cells have great potential for applications in regenerative medicine, it is critical to figure out the mechanisms underlying their self-renewal, pluripotency, and differentiation. Here, we discuss the roles of TGF-β family ligands and their downstream signaling molecules, Smad proteins, in the maintenance of the pluripotency and lineage specification of mouse and human ES and iPS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiko Itoh
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
| | - Tetsuro Watabe
- Laboratory of Oncology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; PRESTO, Japan Science Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Kohei Miyazono
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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44
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Sasai Y. Next-generation regenerative medicine: organogenesis from stem cells in 3D culture. Cell Stem Cell 2014; 12:520-30. [PMID: 23642363 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The behavior of stem cells, when they work collectively, can be much more sophisticated than one might expect from their individual programming. This Perspective covers recent discoveries about the dynamic patterning and structural self-formation of complex organ buds in 3D stem cell culture, including the generation of various neuroectodermal and endodermal tissues. For some tissues, epithelial-mesenchymal interactions can also be manipulated in coculture to guide organogenesis. This new area of stem cell research-the spatiotemporal control of dynamic cellular interactions-will open a new avenue for next-generation regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Sasai
- Neurogenesis and Organogenesis Group, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.
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45
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Zhao Y, Matsuo-Takasaki M, Tsuboi I, Kimura K, Salazar GT, Yamashita T, Ohneda O. Dual functions of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha for the commitment of mouse embryonic stem cells toward a neural lineage. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:2143-55. [PMID: 24236637 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are useful for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of cell fate decision in the early development of mammals. It has been shown that aggregate culture of ES cells efficiently induces neuroectoderm differentiation. However, the molecular mechanism that leads to selective neural differentiation in aggregate culture is not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that the oxygen-sensitive hypoxia-inducible transcription factor, Hif-1α, is an essential regulator for neural commitment of ES cells. We found that a hypoxic environment is spontaneously established in differentiating ES cell aggregates within 3 days, and that this time window coincides with Hif-1α activation. In ES cells in adherent culture under hypoxic conditions, Hif-1α activation was correlated with significantly greater expression of neural progenitor-specific gene Sox1 compared with ES cells in adherent culture under normoxic conditions. In contrast, Hif-1α-depleted ES cell aggregates showed severe reduction in Sox1 expression and maintained high expression of undifferentiated ES cell marker genes and epiblast marker gene Fgf5 on day 4. Notably, chromatin immune precipitation assay and luciferase assay showed that Hif-1α might directly activate Sox1 expression. Of additional importance is our finding that attenuation of Hif-1α resulted in an increase of BMP4, a potent inhibitor of neural differentiation, and led to a high level of phosphorylated Smad1. Thus, our results indicate that Hif-1α acts as a positive regulator of neural commitment by promoting the transition of ES cell differentiation from the epiblast into the neuroectoderm state via direct activation of Sox1 expression and suppressing endogenous BMP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba, Japan
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46
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Eigentler A, Boesch S, Schneider R, Dechant G, Nat R. Induced pluripotent stem cells from friedreich ataxia patients fail to upregulate frataxin during in vitro differentiation to peripheral sensory neurons. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:3271-82. [PMID: 23879205 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The value of human disease models, which are based on induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), depends on the capacity to generate specifically those cell types affected by pathology. We describe a new iPSC-based model of Friedreich ataxia (FRDA), an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder with an intronic GAA repeat expansion in the frataxin gene. As the peripheral sensory neurons are particularly susceptible to neurodegeneration in FRDA, we applied a development-based differentiation protocol to generate specifically these cells. FRDA and control iPSC lines were efficiently differentiated toward neural crest progenitors and peripheral sensory neurons. The progress of the cell lines through discrete steps of in vitro differentiation was closely monitored by expression levels of key markers for peripheral neural development. Since it had been suggested that FRDA pathology might start early during ontogenesis, we investigated frataxin expression in our development-related model. A pronounced frataxin deficit was found in FRDA iPSCs and neural crest cells compared to controls. Whereas we identified an upregulation of frataxin expression during sensory specification for control cells, this increase was not observed for FRDA peripheral sensory neurons. This early failure, aggravating frataxin deficiency in a specifically vulnerable human cell population, indicates a developmental component in FRDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Eigentler
- 1 Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University , Innsbruck, Austria
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47
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Langenfeld E, Deen M, Zachariah E, Langenfeld J. Small molecule antagonist of the bone morphogenetic protein type I receptors suppresses growth and expression of Id1 and Id3 in lung cancer cells expressing Oct4 or nestin. Mol Cancer 2013; 12:129. [PMID: 24160469 PMCID: PMC4176118 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-12-129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are embryonic morphogens that are aberrantly expressed in lung cancer. BMPs mediate cell fate decisions and self-renewal of stem cells, through transcription regulation of inhibitor of differentiation protein/DNA binding proteins (Id1-3). Inhibition of BMP signaling decreases growth and induces cell death of lung cancer cells lines by downregulating the expression of Id proteins. It is not known whether the BMP signaling cascade regulates growth and the expression of Id proteins of lung cancer cells expressing the stem cell markers Oct4 and/or nestin. Methods Lung cancer cells expressing Oct4 or nestin were isolated from lung cancer cell lines by stably transfecting the Oct4 promoter or nestin promoter expression vectors that induce expression of the green fluorescent protein reporter. Results Our studies suggest that lung cancer cells expressing Oct4 or nestin are different cell populations. Microarray and quantitative RT-PCR demonstrated that the expression of specific stem cell markers were different between isolated Oct4 and nestin cells. Both the Oct4 and nestin populations were more tumorigenic than controls but histologically they were quite different. The isolated Oct4 and nestin cells also responded differently to inhibition of BMP signaling. Blockade of BMP signaling with the BMP receptor antagonist DMH2 caused significant growth inhibition of both the Oct4 and nestin cell populations but only increased cell death in the nestin population. DMH2 also induced the expression of nestin in the Oct4 population but not in the nestin cells. We also show that BMP signaling is an important regulator of Id1 and Id3 in both the Oct4 and nestin cell populations. Furthermore, we show that NeuN is frequently expressed in NSCLC and provide evidence suggesting that Oct4 cells give rise to cancer cells expressing nestin and/or NeuN. Conclusion These studies show that although biologically different, BMP signaling is growth promoting in cancer cells expressing Oct4 or nestin. Inhibition of BMP signaling decreases expression of Id proteins and suppresses growth of cancer cells expressing Oct4 or Nestin. Small molecule antagonists of the BMP type I receptors represent potential novel drugs to target the population of cancer cells expressing stem cell markers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John Langenfeld
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, One Robert Wood Johnson Place, P,O, Box 19, New Brunswick, NJ 08903-0019, USA.
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Hu W, Guan FX, Li Y, Tang YJ, Yang F, Yang B. New methods for inducing the differentiation of amniotic-derived mesenchymal stem cells into motor neuron precursor cells. Tissue Cell 2013; 45:295-305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 02/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Okawa T, Kamiya H, Himeno T, Kato J, Seino Y, Fujiya A, Kondo M, Tsunekawa S, Naruse K, Hamada Y, Ozaki N, Cheng Z, Kito T, Suzuki H, Ito S, Oiso Y, Nakamura J, Isobe KI. Transplantation of Neural Crest-Like Cells Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Improves Diabetic Polyneuropathy in Mice. Cell Transplant 2013; 22:1767-83. [DOI: 10.3727/096368912x657710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired vascularity and nerve degeneration are the most important pathophysiological abnormalities of diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN). Therefore, regeneration of both the vascular and nervous systems is required for the treatment of DPN. The neural crest (NC) is a transient embryonic structure in vertebrates that differentiates into a vast range of cells, including peripheral neurons, Schwann cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells. In this study, we investigated the ability of transplantation of NC-like (NCL) cells derived from aged mouse induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells in the treatment of DPN. iPS cells were induced to differentiate into neural cells by stromal cell-derived inducing activity (SDIA) and subsequently supplemented with bone morphogenetic protein 4 to promote differentiation of NC lineage. After the induction, p75 neurotrophin receptor-positive NCL cells were purified using magnetic-activated cell sorting. Sorted NCL cells differentiated to peripheral neurons, glial cells, and smooth muscle cells by additional SDIA. NCL cells were transplanted into hind limb skeletal muscles of 16-week streptozotocin-diabetic mice. Nerve conduction velocity, current perception threshold, intraepidermal nerve fiber density, sensitivity to thermal stimuli, sciatic nerve blood flow, plantar skin blood flow, and capillary number-to-muscle fiber ratio were evaluated. Four weeks after transplantation, the engrafted cells produced growth factors: nerve growth factor, neurotrophin 3, vascular endothelial growth factor, and basic fibroblast growth factor. It was also confirmed that some engrafted cells differentiated into vascular smooth muscle cells or Schwann cell-like cells at each intrinsic site. The transplantation improved the impaired nerve and vascular functions. These results suggest that transplantation of NCL cells derived from iPS cells could have therapeutic effects on DPN through paracrine actions of growth factors and differentiation into Schwann cell-like cells and vascular smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuji Okawa
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideki Kamiya
- Department of Chronic Kidney Disease Initiatives, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tatsuhito Himeno
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jiro Kato
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yusuke Seino
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fujiya
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masaki Kondo
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shin Tsunekawa
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keiko Naruse
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoji Hamada
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Ozaki
- Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness and Sports, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Zhao Cheng
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tetsutaro Kito
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Suzuki
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sachiko Ito
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yutaka Oiso
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jiro Nakamura
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Isobe
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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50
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Kuihua Z, Chunyang W, Cunyi F, Xiumei M. Aligned SF/P(LLA-CL)-blended nanofibers encapsulating nerve growth factor for peripheral nerve regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:2680-91. [PMID: 23963979 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Artificial nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) containing bioactive neurotrophic factors and topographical structure to biomimic native tissues are essential for efficient regeneration of nerve gaps. In this study, aligned SF/P(LLA-CL) nanofibers encapsulating nerve growth factor (NGF), which was stabilized by SF in core, were fabricated via a coaxial electrospinning technique. The controlled release of NGF from the nanofibers was evaluated using enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) and PC12 cell-based bioassay over a 60-day time period. The results demonstrated that NGF presented a sustained release and remained biological activity over 60 days. Nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) were fabricated by reeling the aligned SF/P(LLA-CL) nanofibrous scaffolds encapsulating NGF and then used as a bridge implanted across a 15-mm defect in the sciatic nerve of rats to promote nerve regeneration. The outcome in terms of regenerated nerve at 12 weeks was evaluated by a combination of electrophysiological assessment, histochemistry, and electron microscopy. All results clarified that the NGF-encapsulated-aligned SF/P(LLA-CL) NGCs promoted peripheral nerve regeneration significantly better than the aligned SF/P(LLA-CL) NGCs, suggesting that the released NGF from nanofibers could effectively promote the regeneration of peripheral nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Kuihua
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, College of Materials and Textile Engineering, Jiaxing University, Zhejiang, 314001, China
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