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Gatti M, Belli M, De Rubeis M, Tokita S, Ikema H, Yamashiro H, Fujishima Y, Anderson D, Goh VST, Shinoda H, Nakata A, Fukumoto M, Miura T, Nottola SA, Macchiarelli G, Palmerini MG. Ultrastructural Analysis of Large Japanese Field Mouse ( Apodemus speciosus) Testes Exposed to Low-Dose-Rate (LDR) Radiation after the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant Accident. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:239. [PMID: 38666851 PMCID: PMC11048324 DOI: 10.3390/biology13040239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Since the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident, great attention has been paid to the impact of chronic low-dose-rate (LDR) radiation exposure on biological systems. The reproductive system is sensitive to radiation, with implications connected to infertility. We investigated the testis ultrastructure of the wild large Japanese field mouse (Apodemus speciosus) from three areas contaminated after the FDNPP accident, with different levels of LDR radiation (0.29 µSv/h, 5.11 µSv/h, and 11.80 µSv/h). Results showed good preservation of the seminiferous tubules, comparable to the unexposed animals (controls), except for some ultrastructural modifications. Increases in the numerical density of lipid droplet clusters in spermatogenic cells were found at high levels of LDR radiation, indicating an antioxidant activity rising due to radiation recovery. In all groups, wide intercellular spaces were found between spermatogenic cells, and cytoplasmic vacuolization increased at intermediate and high levels and vacuolated mitochondria at the high-level. However, these findings were also related to the physiological dynamics of spermatogenesis. In conclusion, the testes of A. speciosus exposed to LDR radiation associated with the FDNPP accident showed a normal spermatogenesis, with some ultrastructural changes. These outcomes may add information on the reproductive potential of mammals chronically exposed to LDR radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gatti
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (M.D.R.)
| | - Manuel Belli
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy;
| | - Mariacarla De Rubeis
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (M.D.R.)
| | - Syun Tokita
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 959-2181, Japan
| | - Hikari Ikema
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 959-2181, Japan
| | - Hideaki Yamashiro
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 959-2181, Japan
| | - Yohei Fujishima
- Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Aomori 036-8564, Japan (D.A.); (T.M.)
| | - Donovan Anderson
- Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Aomori 036-8564, Japan (D.A.); (T.M.)
| | - Valerie Swee Ting Goh
- Department of Radiobiology, Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Hisashi Shinoda
- Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Akifumi Nakata
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Hokkaido 006-8585, Japan
| | - Manabu Fukumoto
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Pathology Informatics Team, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan;
| | - Tomisato Miura
- Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Aomori 036-8564, Japan (D.A.); (T.M.)
| | - Stefania Annarita Nottola
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (M.D.R.)
| | - Guido Macchiarelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
| | - Maria Grazia Palmerini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
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Yang HM, Sihn Y, Kim I, Park CW. Magnetic hierarchical titanium ferrocyanide for the highly efficient and selective removal of radioactive cesium from water. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 353:141570. [PMID: 38447900 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Selective adsorption is the most suitable technique for eliminating trace amounts of 137Cs from various volumes of 137Cs-contaminated water, including seawater. Although various metal ferrocyanide (MFC)-functionalized magnetic adsorbents have been developed for the selective removal of 137Cs and magnetic recovery of adsorbents, their adsorption capacity for Cs remains low. Here, magnetic hierarchical titanium ferrocyanide (mh-TiFC) was synthesized for the first time for enhanced Cs adsorption. Hierarchical TiFC, comprising 2-dimensional TiFC flakes, was synthesized on SiO2-coated magnetic Fe3O4 particles using a sacrificial TiO2 shell as a source of Ti4+ via a reaction with ferrocyanide under acidic conditions. The resultant mh-TiFC exhibited the highest maximum adsorption capacity (434.8 mg g-1) and enhanced Cs selectivity with an excellent Kd value (6,850,000 mL g-1) compared to those of previously reported magnetic Cs adsorbents. This enhancement was attributed to the hierarchical structure, which reduced intracrystalline diffusion and increased the surface area available for direct Cs adsorption. Additionally, mh-TiFC (0.1 g L-1) demonstrated an excellent removal efficiency of 137Cs exceeding 99.85% for groundwater and seawater containing approximately 22 ppt 137Cs. Therefore, mh-TiFC offers promising applications for the treatment of 137Cs-contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Man Yang
- Decommissioning Technology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 989-111 Daedukdaero, Yuseong, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea; Quantum Energy Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217, Gajeong-ro, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youngho Sihn
- Decommissioning Technology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 989-111 Daedukdaero, Yuseong, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilgook Kim
- Decommissioning Technology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 989-111 Daedukdaero, Yuseong, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Woo Park
- Decommissioning Technology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 989-111 Daedukdaero, Yuseong, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
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Joshi S, Joshi R, Jadhao M. A simple dual responsive chemosensor for selective sensing of Cs + for environmental monitoring and mimicking molecular logic gates. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 306:123580. [PMID: 37922850 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Detection of toxic metals is of vital importance to safeguard both public health and the ecosystem. Herein, we investigate the newly designed and synthesised isoxazole-based azo dye, (E)-cyclopentyl(5-((5-(4-fluorophenyl) isoxazole-3-yl) diazenyl)-2-hydroxyphenyl) methanone (FPAZ), as a dual chromogenic and fluorogenic sensor. FPAZ demonstrates high selectivity, reusability and ultra-sensitivity towards Cs+ ions manifested through naked eye detection in aqueous medium by employing simple and economic optical spectroscopy techniques. The color change from colourless to dark yellow and enhancement of fluorescence intensity reveal about FPAZ-Cs+ complexation by UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy respectively. The complexation is also supported by DFT calculations. The LOD is estimated to be 0.476 µM, which by far, is the lowest LOD obtained for Cs+ detection. Further, FPAZ is fabricated with various flexible materials (paper, cotton, non-woven fabric) which provide information about on-site Cs+ ion contamination by means of change in relative RGB values using a handy smart-phone camera. Besides this, the logic gate as IMPLICATION and INHIBIT is designed employing Cs+ and Cl- ions as inputs and absorbance maxima as output. Overall, the developed chemosensor is simple, quick, and more promising than previously reported systems, as it does not need any chemical modification, expensive instruments, or expertise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Joshi
- Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai Marathwada Campus Jalna, Maharashtra 431203, India
| | - Ritika Joshi
- Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai Marathwada Campus Jalna, Maharashtra 431203, India; Department of Chemistry, S.B.E.S. College of Science, Aurangabad, Maharashtra 431001, India
| | - Manojkumar Jadhao
- Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai Marathwada Campus Jalna, Maharashtra 431203, India.
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4
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Park CW, Jeong E, Yang HM, Kim HJ. Helical magnetic micromotors decorated with nickel ferrocyanide for the active and rapid adsorption of radiocesium in water. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 346:140668. [PMID: 37949179 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Separating radioactive cesium from nuclear waste and contaminated environments is critical to mitigate radiological hazards. In response to this need, remote-controllable and Cs-selective micromotor adsorbents have been considered as a promising technology for rapid in-situ cleanup while minimizing secondary waste and radiation exposure to workers. In this study, we demonstrate the active and rapid removal of a radioactive contaminant from water by leveraging the magnetic manipulation capabilities of a helical and magnetic Ni micromotor coated with Cs-selective nickel ferrocyanide (NiFC). The use of polyvinyl alcohol fibers as a template enables the straightforward preparation of the helical wire structure, allowing for precise control over the diameter and pitch of the helix through simple twisting with Ni wires. By harnessing Ni2+ ions eluted from the Ni micromotor in an acid solution, we successfully fabricate NiFC-coated Ni (NiFC/Ni) micromotors that exhibit a selective removal efficiency greater than 98% for 137Cs, even in the presence of high concentrations of competing Na+ ions. Under the influence of an external magnetic field, the NiFC/Ni micromotor demonstrates rapid motion, achieving a pulling motion (100 body lengths per second) through a magnetic gradient and a tumbling motion (46 body lengths per second) induced by a rotating magnetic field. The tumbling motion of the NiFC/Ni micromotor substantially improves the Cs adsorption rate, resulting in a rate that surpasses that achieved under nonmoving conditions by a factor of 21. This improved adsorption rate highlights the considerable potential of magnetically manipulated micromotor self-propulsion for efficient water-pollution treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Woo Park
- Decommissioning Technology Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 989-111 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea.
| | - Euna Jeong
- Decommissioning Technology Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 989-111 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, College of Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Man Yang
- Decommissioning Technology Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 989-111 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Ju Kim
- Decommissioning Technology Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 989-111 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
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Wei W, Bai H, Zhang T, Cai S, Zhou Y, Liu M, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Hua J, He J, Ding N, Miao G, Wang J. Regulation of Circulating miR-342-3p Alleviates the Radiation-Induced Immune System Injury. Radiat Res 2023; 200:556-568. [PMID: 37874034 DOI: 10.1667/rade-23-00125.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation in space, radiation devices or nuclear disasters are major threats to human health and public security. Expanding countermeasures for dealing with accidental or occupational radiation exposure is crucial for the protection of radiation injuries. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as promising radiation biomarkers in recent years. However, the origin, distribution and functions of radiosensitive circulating miRNAs remain unclear, which obstructs their clinical applications in the future. In this study, we found that mmu-miR-342-3p (miR-342) in mouse serum presents a stable and significant decrease after X-ray total-body irradiation (TBI). Focusing on this miRNA, we investigated the influences of circulating miR-342 on the radiation-induced injury. Through tail vein injection of Cy5-labeled synthetic miR-342, we found the exogenous miR-342-Cy5 was mainly enriched in metabolic and immune organs. Besides, the bioinformatic analysis predicted that miR-342 might involve in immune-related processes or pathways. Further, mice were tail vein injected with synthetic miR-342 mimetics (Ago-miR-342) after irradiation to upregulate the level of miR-342 in circulating blood. The results showed that the upregulation of circulating miR-342 alleviated the radiation-induced depletion of CD3+CD4+ T lymphocytes and influenced the levels of IL-2 and IL-6 in irradiated mice. Moreover, the injection of Ago-miR-342 improved the survival rates of mice with acute radiation injury. Our findings demonstrate that upregulation of circulating miR-342 alleviates the radiation-induced immune system injury, which provides us new insights into the functions of circulating miRNAs and the prospect as the targets for mitigation of radiation injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Wei
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hao Bai
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shufan Cai
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yumeng Zhou
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Min Liu
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yaxiong Chen
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Junrui Hua
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jinpeng He
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Nan Ding
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - GuoYing Miao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gansu Provincial Central Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jufang Wang
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Bai H, Wang J, Wang Q, Chen Y, Miao G, Zhang T, Hua J, Zhang Y, He J, Ding N, Zhou H, Sui L, Wei W. Identification of the Kupffer cell-derived circulating IGFBP-3 as a universal radiation biomarker for heavy ion, proton, and X-ray exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 265:115526. [PMID: 37769581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The minimally invasive biomarkers that can facilitate a rapid dose assessment are valuable for the early medical treatment when accidental or occupational radiation exposure happens. Our previous proteomic research identified one kind of circulating protein, Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 (IGFBP-3), which showed a significant increase after total body exposure of mice to carbon ions and X-rays. However, several critical issues such as the responses to diverse radiation, the origin and underlying mechanism in radiation response obstruct the utilization of circulating IGFBP-3 as a reliable radiation biomarker. In this study, mice were subjected to total or partial body irradiation with carbon ions, protons or X-rays, or treated with chloroform as a comparison. The level of IGFBP-3 in serum and different organs were measured via Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), Western blot (WB) and Immunohistochemistry (IHC). A significant increase of IGFBP-3 was discovered in serum and liver tissue post-irradiation with three kinds of radiation, but absent when challenged with chloroform. Likewise, a similar response was also observed in blood samples from patients receiving radiotherapy. Moreover, the effect of radiation on three main hepatic cells was investigated, the findings indicated that IGFBP-3 could be detected in the culture medium of Kupffer cells (MKC) alone and was elevated in cells and cultured medium of MKC post-irradiation. Additionally, we observed a co-expression effect between P53 and IGFBP-3 in liver tissues and MKC post-irradiation. Along with down-regulation of Trp53 by siRNA, the response of IGFBP-3 to radiation was attenuated. The present study demonstrated that circulating IGFBP-3 could be a promising universal biomarker for complex environmental radiation exposure, and the upregulation of IGFBP-3 is attributed to the MKC in a P53-dependent manner. Circulating IGFBP-3 assays would offer rapid, convenient and effective dose and toxicity assessment methods in occupational exposure or radiation disaster management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Bai
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jufang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiaojuan Wang
- Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China; National Innovation Center of Radiation Application, Beijing 102413, China
| | - Yaxiong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guoying Miao
- Department of Radiotherapy, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Tongshan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junrui Hua
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jinpeng He
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Heng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li Sui
- Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China; National Innovation Center of Radiation Application, Beijing 102413, China.
| | - Wenjun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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7
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Choi J, Lee EH, Kang SM, Jeong HH. A Facile Method to Fabricate an Enclosed Paper-Based Analytical Device via Double-Sided Patterning for Ionic Contaminant Detection. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:915. [PMID: 37887108 PMCID: PMC10605057 DOI: 10.3390/bios13100915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) have been developed for use in a variety of diagnosis and analysis fields. However, conventional μPADs with an open-channel system have limitations for application as analytical platforms mainly because of the evaporation and contamination of the sample solution. This study demonstrates the design and fabrication of an enclosed three-dimensional(3D)-μPAD and its application as a primary early analysis platform for ionic contaminants. To generate the hydrophobic PDMS barrier, double-sided patterning is carried out using a PDMS blade-coated stamp mold that is fabricated using 3D printing. The selective PDMS patterning can be achieved with controlled PDMS permeation of the cellulose substrate using 3D-designed stamp molds. We find the optimal conditions enabling the formation of enclosed channels, including round shape pattern and inter-pattern distance of 10 mm of stamp design, contact time of 0.5 min, and spacer height of 300 µm of double-sided patterning procedure. As a proof of concept, this enclosed 3D-μPAD is used for the simultaneous colorimetric detection of heavy metal ions in a concentration range of 0.1-2000 ppm, including nickel (Ni2+), copper (Cu2+), mercury (Hg2+), and radioactive isotope cesium-137 ions (Cs+). We confirm that qualitative analysis and image-based quantitative analysis with high reliability are possible through rapid color changes within 3 min. The limits of detection (LOD) for 0.55 ppm of Ni2+, 5.05 ppm of Cu2+, 0.188 ppm of Hg2+, and 0.016 ppm of Cs+ are observed, respectively. In addition, we confirm that the analysis is highly reliable in a wide range of ion concentrations with CV values below 3% for Ni2+ (0.56%), Cu2+ (0.45%), Hg2+ (1.35%), and Cs+ (2.18%). This method could be a promising technique to develop a 3D-μPAD with various applications as a primary early analysis device in the environmental and biological industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsol Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Chonnam National University, 50 Daehak-ro, Yeosu 59626, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Eun-Ho Lee
- Department of Green Chemical Engineering, Sangmyung University, 31 Sangmyungdae-gil, Cheonan 31066, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung-Min Kang
- Department of Green Chemical Engineering, Sangmyung University, 31 Sangmyungdae-gil, Cheonan 31066, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea;
- Future Environment and Energy Research Institute, Sangmyung University, 31 Sangmyungdae-gil, Cheonan 31066, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon-Ho Jeong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Chonnam National University, 50 Daehak-ro, Yeosu 59626, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea;
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8
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Yang HM, Kim SW, Kim HJ, Lee GE, Jang JY. Surface decontamination of radioactive cesium by a reversibly cross-linkable hydrogel using poly(vinyl alcohol) and phenylboronic acid-grafted poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-mono-sodium maleate). CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139617. [PMID: 37495045 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Wide-area surface decontamination is essential during the sudden release of radioisotopes to the public, such as nuclear accidents or terrorist attacks. A self-generated hydrogel comprising a reversible complex between poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and phenylboronic acid-grafted poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-mono-sodium maleate) (PBA-g-PMVE-SM) was developed as a new surface decontamination coating agent to remove radioactive cesium from surfaces. The simultaneous application of PVA and PBA-g-PMVE-SM aqueous polymer solutions containing sulfur-zeolite to contaminated surfaces resulted in the spontaneous formation of a PBA-diol ester bond-based hydrogel. The sulfur-zeolite suspended in the hydrogel selectively removed 137Cs from the contaminated surface and was easily separated from the dissociable used hydrogel. This removal was performed by simple water rinsing without costly incineration to remove the organic materials for final disposal/storage of the radioactive waste, making it suitable for practical wide-area surface decontamination. In radioactive tests, the hydrogel containing sulfur-chabazite (S-CHA) showed substantial 137Cs removal efficiencies of 96.996% for painted cement and 63.404% for cement, which are 2.33 times better than the values for the commercial surface decontamination coating agent DeconGel. Due to its excellent zeolite ion-exchange ability, our hydrogel system has great potential for removing various hazardous contaminants, including radionuclides, from the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Man Yang
- Decommissioning Technology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 989-111 Daedukdaero, Yuseong, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea; Quantum Energy Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Wook Kim
- Decommissioning Technology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 989-111 Daedukdaero, Yuseong, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Ju Kim
- Decommissioning Technology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 989-111 Daedukdaero, Yuseong, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga-Eun Lee
- Decommissioning Technology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 989-111 Daedukdaero, Yuseong, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Yun Jang
- Decommissioning Technology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 989-111 Daedukdaero, Yuseong, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
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Sakauchi K, Otaki JM. Imaging Plate Autoradiography for Ingested Anthropogenic Cesium-137 in Butterfly Bodies: Implications for the Biological Impacts of the Fukushima Nuclear Accident. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13051211. [PMID: 37240856 DOI: 10.3390/life13051211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The Fukushima nuclear accident in March 2011 caused biological impacts on the pale grass blue butterfly Zizeeria maha. At least some of the impacts are likely mediated by the host plant, resulting in "field effects". However, to obtain the whole picture of the impacts, direct exposure effects should also be evaluated. Here, we examined the distribution of experimentally ingested anthropogenic cesium-137 (137Cs) in adult butterfly bodies using imaging plate autoradiography. We showed that 137Cs ingested by larvae was incorporated into adult bodies and was biased to females, although the majority of ingested 137Cs was excreted in the pupal cuticle and excretory material during eclosion. 137Cs accumulation in adult bodies was the highest in the abdomen, followed by the thorax and other organs. These results suggest that 137Cs accumulation in reproductive organs may cause adverse transgenerational or maternal effects mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) on germ cells. 137Cs accumulation was detected in field individuals collected in September 2011 and September 2016 but not in May 2011, which is consistent with the abnormality dynamics known from previous studies. Taken together, these results contribute to an integrative understanding of the multifaceted biological effects of the Fukushima nuclear accident in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko Sakauchi
- The BCPH Unit of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara 903-0213, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Joji M Otaki
- The BCPH Unit of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara 903-0213, Okinawa, Japan
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10
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Okazaki R, Kohzaki M, Kai M, Jiang Y, Kubo T, Ootsuyama A, Sado T, Suzuki K, Tateishi S, Mori K. Relationship between haematological data and radiation doses of TEPCO workers before and after the FDNNP accident. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2023; 64:261-272. [PMID: 36610721 PMCID: PMC10599404 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrac089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the correlation between radiation dose and the medical examination data of Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc (TEPCO) employees working during the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident in 2011. This study included 2164 male TEPCO workers who received periodic medical examinations from March 2006 to January 2013. First, we conducted log-linear regression analyses using the haematological data of 585 emergency workers and confounding factors to examine the effect of internal radiation exposure in March 2011. Since external radiation exposure was a major influence, we then evaluated the correlation between both internal and external radiation dose and the haematological data of 1801 emergency workers and confounding factors before and after the accident. Among 585 workers, internal radiation exposure in March 2011 alone was mainly due to thyroid doses (0.1-10 Gy) but not to bone marrow (BM) doses (0.01-1 mGy). Compared to before and after the accident, we found that the levels of monocytes, eosinophils (Eos) and basophils increased slightly, whereas the frequency of smoking and alcohol consumption decreased substantially. External dose exposure was positively correlated with haemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell and Eos but negatively correlated with age, haematocrit and frequency of alcohol consumption. Among these variables, Hb exhibited the strongest correlation with external dose. Regarding the correlation with Hb, although there is a possibility that confounding factors other than exposure were not evaluated, our findings on emergency workers can serve as a reference for the evaluation of health conditions during the emergency period of future nuclear-related accidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Okazaki
- Department of Radiobiology and Hygiene Management, Institute of Industrial Ecological
Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental
Health, Japan, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Masaoki Kohzaki
- Department of Radiobiology and Hygiene Management, Institute of Industrial Ecological
Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental
Health, Japan, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kai
- New Department Preparatory Office, Nippon Bunri University,
Oita 870-0397, Japan
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Health Development, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences,
University of Occupational and Environmental Health,
Japan, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kubo
- Department of Public Health and Health Policy, School of Medicine,
Hiroshima University, Hiroshima
739-8511, Japan
| | - Akira Ootsuyama
- Department of Radiation Biology and Health, School of Medicine,
University of Occupational and Environmental Health,
Japan, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Sado
- Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of
Radiological Sciences, Chiba 263-0024, Japan
| | - Katsunori Suzuki
- Division of Infection Control and Prevention, University of Occupational
and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu
807-8555, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Tateishi
- Disaster Occupational Health Center, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences,
University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan,
807-8555, Japan
| | - Koji Mori
- Department of Occupational Health Practice and Management, Institute of Industrial
Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental
Health, Japan, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
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11
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Carno LAS, Turner JJ, Martin PG. Modelling 'Type B' ejecta formation reveals reactor Unit 1 conditions during the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Disaster. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3686. [PMID: 36878970 PMCID: PMC9988873 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30903-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
For the first time, a model was developed to simulate the cooling of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant reactor Unit 1-derived, 'Type B' radiocaesium bearing microparticles, distributed into the environment during the 2011 nuclear meltdown. By establishing an analogy between 'Type B' CsMP and volcanic pyroclasts, the presented model simulates the rapid cooling of an effervescent silicate melt fragment upon atmospheric release. The model successfully reproduced the bi-modal distribution of internal void diameters observed in 'Type B' CsMP, however, discrepancies resulted primarily due to the neglection of surface tension and internal void coalescence. The model was subsequently utilised to estimate the temperature within reactor Unit 1 in the instant preceding the hydrogen explosion-between 1900 and 1980 K. Such a model demonstrates the accuracy of the volcanic pyroclast-'Type B' CsMP analogue, and confirms radial variations in cooling rate as the cause of the vesicular texture of Unit 1 ejecta. The presented findings provide scope to further explore the comparison between volcanic pyroclasts and 'Type B' CsMP via experimentation, which will provide a deeper understanding of the specific conditions within reactor Unit 1 during the catastrophic meltdown at the Japanese coastal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lior A S Carno
- HH Wills Physics Laboratory, School of Physics, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK
| | - Jack J Turner
- HH Wills Physics Laboratory, School of Physics, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK
| | - Peter G Martin
- HH Wills Physics Laboratory, Interface Analysis Centre, School of Physics, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK.
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12
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Efficient and Selective Adsorption of Uranium by Diamide-Pyridine-Functionalized Hierarchically Porous Boron Nitride. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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13
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Exemplifying the “wild boar paradox”: dynamics of cesium-137 contaminations in wild boars in Germany and Japan. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-022-08528-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWild boars (Sus scrofa) are notorious for accumulating high contamination levels of 137Cs in their meat. Publicly available data of 137Cs contamination levels in wild boars from 2011 to 2019 were used to determine some radioecological characteristics in Germany (affected by Chernobyl-fallout, 1986) and Japan (affected Fukushima, 2011). The effective half-life of 137Cs in wild boar meat was much longer in Germany (7.3 y) than in Japan (2.6 y), respectively. Wild boars in Germany thus show much more persistent contamination levels than other game or forest animals. This unusual behavior has been termed “wild boar paradox.” In German wild boars, the data sets reveal a distinct geographical and seasonal dependence with higher activity concentrations in winter than in summer. In Japan, contamination levels only exhibit a distinct decline behavior.
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14
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Ebihara M, Shirai N, Oura Y, Tsuruta H, Matsuzaki H, Moriguchi Y. Time-series variations in 129I concentrations and 129I/ 137Cs ratios in suspended particulate matter collected in eastern Japan immediately after the 2011 nuclear accident in Fukushima, Japan. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2022; 250:106907. [PMID: 35660574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2022.106907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We have determined the hourly atmospheric concentrations of 129I in aerosols dispersed into the atmosphere by the nuclear accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FD1NPP) on March 11, 2011. Data were obtained by measuring the quantity of 129I in suspended particulate matter (SPM) collected on filter tapes at 41 SPM monitoring stations in Fukushima and other prefectures in eastern Japan, including the metropolitan area of Tokyo and the surrounding area. After scrutiny, 500 out of 920 hourly SPM samples were determined to be reliable (i.e., devoid of cross-contamination), and these were subjected to further analysis and discussion. Based on the data from these samples, especially data from the four SPM sampling sites located close to the FD1NPP (Futaba, Naraha, Haramachi and Nihonmatsu), the time-series variations in the atmospheric concentration of 129I and the activity ratio of 129I/137Cs were reconstructed by using 137Cs concentration data in the literature. 129I and 137Cs were observed to be continuously and sometimes explosively dispersed into the atmosphere in aerosols transported by radioactive plumes from the FD1NPP. The highest activity concentrations of 129I and 137Cs were observed in the SPM sample at the Futaba SPM station (3.2 km west-northwest of the FD1NPP) at 14:00-15:00 on March 12 after the venting of Unit 1. Systematically high 129I/137Cs activity ratios were observed at the Futaba and Haramachi stations from March 12 to 14, suggesting that radioactive masses released from the FD1NPP during the first few days after the nuclear accident were relatively enriched in radioiodine. High activity ratios of 129I/137Cs were also measured starting on March 21 at Naraha (17.5 km south of FD1NPP) and from March 22-23 in the metropolitan area which must have been caused by a different type of emission event(s) on those days at the FD1NPP, as previously reported. The 129I data from this study are highly effective in the validation and elaboration of the modelling of the atmospheric dispersion of radioiodine. They further contribute to assessing the internal exposure due to inhalation of 131I estimated by means of such elaborate atmospheric diffusion models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Ebihara
- Department of Earth Sciences, Waseda University, 1-6-1 Nishi-waseda, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8050, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan.
| | - Naoki Shirai
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Yasuji Oura
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Haruo Tsuruta
- Remote Sensing Technology Center of Japan, 3-17-1 Toranomon, Minato-ku, 105-0001, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Matsuzaki
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Management, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Yuichi Moriguchi
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
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15
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R'Mili B, Strekowski RS, Temime-Roussel B, Wortham H, Monod A. Important effects of relative humidity on the formation processes of iodine oxide particles from CH 3I photo-oxidation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 433:128729. [PMID: 35405585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, laboratory chamber experiments of gas-phase methyl iodide photolysis in the presence of ozone at three relative humidity conditions were performed to study the formation and physico-chemical properties of iodine oxide particles. The obtained results revealed significant morphological changes of iodine oxide particles that were observed to depend on relative humidity. The formed iodine oxide particles under dry conditions were supposed to be agglomerates of fine hygroscopic crystals. On the other hand, a humid atmosphere was observed to favor the formation of isomeric, tetragonal and orthorhombic hygroscopic crystals potentially composed of HIO3 likely formed from progressive hydration of iodine oxide clusters. This process leads to a release of molecular iodine, I2, which may indicate a potential role of I2O4 in the particles' evolution processes. The obtained results on the iodine oxides' behavior are important to the nuclear power plant safety industry since many of the organic iodides that may be released during a major nuclear power-plant accident contain radioactive isotopes of iodine that are known to have lethal or toxic impacts on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badr R'Mili
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCE, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | - Anne Monod
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCE, Marseille, France.
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16
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Yang HM, Jeon H, Lee Y, Choi M. Sulfur-modified zeolite A as a low-cost strontium remover with improved selectivity for radioactive strontium. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 299:134309. [PMID: 35339528 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Selective removal of radioactive strontium (90Sr) from the environment is important, and selective adsorption/ion exchange is appropriate for removal of trace amounts of 90Sr from large volumes of 90Sr-contaminated water. Although various inorganic ion-exchange materials, including zeolites, have been investigated intensively for removal of Sr2+ due to their excellent resistance to radiation and high ion-exchange capacity, their ion-exchange selectivity for Sr2+ is poor in the presence of competing ions such as Ca2+ and Mg2+. Here, sulfur-modified NaA zeolite (S-NaA) was prepared for low-cost, selective 90Sr removal because the elemental sulfur encapsulated in micropores provides additional Lewis acid-base interactions with Sr2+ during the Sr2+ ion-exchange. Our ion-exchange experiments revealed that S-NaA with 3 wt% sulfur (3 S-NaA) showed the highest Sr2+ selectivity among various S-NaAs containing up to 10 wt% sulfur because ion exchange involving bulky hydrated Sr2+ depends on the reduced micropore volume of S-NaA after sulfur loading. Most importantly, 3 S-NaA effectively and efficiently (>99.4%) removed 90Sr from groundwater containing 8.4 ppt 90Sr, demonstrating its excellent potential for practical application in the treatment of 90Sr-contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Man Yang
- Decommissioning Technology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 989-111 Daedukdaero, Yuseong, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea; Quantum Energy Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217, Gajeong-ro, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyungmin Jeon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonsoo Lee
- Decommissioning Technology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 989-111 Daedukdaero, Yuseong, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkee Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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17
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Mariam, Joshi M, Khan A, Mishra G, Tripathi S, Sapra B. Experimental estimates of hygroscopic growth of particulate fission product species (mixed CsI–CsOH) with implications in reactor accident safety research. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2022.104216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Saidin ZH, Levia DF, Kato H, Kurihara M, Hudson JE, Nanko K, Onda Y. Vertical distribution and transport of radiocesium via branchflow and stemflow through the canopy of cedar and oak stands in the aftermath of the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 818:151698. [PMID: 34798091 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aiming to fill a need for data regarding radiocesium transport via both branchflow and stemflow through forests impacted by radioactive fallout, this study examined the vertical variation of radiocesium flux from branchflow and stemflow through the canopies of young Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica (L. f.) D. Don) and Japanese oak (Quercus serrata Murray) trees in the aftermath of the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. In forested areas approximately 40 km northwest of the location of the Fukushima Dai-ichi accident, the 137Cs concentration varied significantly among sampling periods and between the two forests, with the oak stand exhibiting higher 137Cs concentrations and depositional fluxes than the cedar stand. Expressed per unit trunk basal area, the depositional flux of 137Cs generated from the cedar and oak stands was 375 and 2810 Bq m-2 year-1, respectively. Of this total, 71% and 48% originated from the cedar and oak canopy, respectively, while the remainder originated from the trunk. Accordingly, the origin of radiocesium was more balanced for the oak stand with almost half of the flux coming from the canopy (48%) and the other half from the trunk (52%). Only about a quarter (29%) of the radiocesium flux originated from the trunk in Japanese cedar. Results from this work provide needed data that can enable a more thorough conceptualization of radiocesium cycling in forests. Coupling these empirical results with a physically-based model would likely lead to better forest management and proactive strategies for rehabilitating radioactively-contaminated forests and reducing the exposure risk of radiation dose rate for those that utilize forest products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zul Hilmi Saidin
- Center for Research in Isotopes and Environmental Dynamics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Delphis F Levia
- Department of Geography and Spatial Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA; Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Hiroaki Kato
- Center for Research in Isotopes and Environmental Dynamics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Momo Kurihara
- Center for Research in Isotopes and Environmental Dynamics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Janice E Hudson
- Center for Research in Isotopes and Environmental Dynamics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nanko
- Department of Disaster Prevention, Meteorology and Hydrology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuichi Onda
- Center for Research in Isotopes and Environmental Dynamics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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19
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Ochi K, Funaki H, Yoshimura K, Iimoto T, Matsuda N, Sanada Y. Validation study of ambient dose equivalent conversion coefficients for radiocaesium distributed in the ground: lessons from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station accident. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2022; 61:147-159. [PMID: 35201424 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-022-00969-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ambient dose equivalent conversion coefficients (ADCRCs) for converting a radiocaesium inventory to ambient dose equivalent rates (air dose rates) depend on the vertical distribution of radiocaesium in soil. To access the validity of ADCRCs, the air dose rate at 1 m above ground and the vertical distribution of radiocaesium in the soil around the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS) present between 2011 and 2019 were measured in the current study. ADCRCs were calculated using air dose rates and three different parameters representing the vertical distribution of radiocaesium in soil: (1) relaxation mass depth (β), (2) effective relaxation mass depth (βeff) and (3) relaxation mass depth recommended by the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements before the FDNPS accident (βICRU). When ADCRCs based on β and βeff were compared to those based on β and βICRU, a positive correlation was found. To confirm the applicability of the ADCRCs based on the three types of β values, radiocaesium inventories were estimated using the air dose rates and ADCRCs, and the obtained results were compared to the radiocaesium inventory calculated using soil sample measurements. Good agreement was observed between the radiocaesium inventories estimated using the ADCRCs based on β and βeff and measured by investigating soil samples. By contrast, the radiocaesium inventory estimated using the ADCRCs based on βICRU was overestimated compared with that measured by investigating soil samples. These findings support the applicability of ADCRCs based on β and βeff in the Fukushima region. Furthermore, the βICRU result suggests that differences in soil characteristics between Japan and other countries should be considered for evaluating ADCRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Ochi
- Fukushima Environmental Monitoring Division, Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 45-169 Sukakeba, Kaihama-aza, Haramachi, Minamisoma, Fukushima, 975-0036, Japan.
- Department of Environment Systems, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan.
| | - Hironori Funaki
- Fukushima Environmental Monitoring Division, Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 45-169 Sukakeba, Kaihama-aza, Haramachi, Minamisoma, Fukushima, 975-0036, Japan
| | - Kazuya Yoshimura
- Fukushima Environmental Monitoring Division, Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 45-169 Sukakeba, Kaihama-aza, Haramachi, Minamisoma, Fukushima, 975-0036, Japan
| | - Takeshi Iimoto
- Department of Environment Systems, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan
| | - Norihiro Matsuda
- Nuclear and LWR Engineering Division, Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan
| | - Yukihisa Sanada
- Fukushima Environmental Monitoring Division, Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 45-169 Sukakeba, Kaihama-aza, Haramachi, Minamisoma, Fukushima, 975-0036, Japan
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20
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Zhu JY, Cheng L, Zhao YM, Li MY, Wang ZZ, Wang J, Wang C, Wang KY. Structural Investigation on the Efficient Capture of Cs+ and Sr2+ by a Microporous Cd-Sn-Se Ion Exchanger Constructed from Mono-Lacunary Supertetrahedral Clusters. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi00338d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Visualization of the ion exchange mechanism for 137Cs and 90Sr decontamination bears significance for safe radioactive liquid waste reprocessing and emergency response enhancement to nuclear accident. Here, the remediation of...
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21
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Circulating tRNA-Derived Small RNAs as Novel Radiation Biomarkers of Heavy Ion, Proton and X-ray Exposure. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413476. [PMID: 34948273 PMCID: PMC8706565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The effective and minimally invasive radiation biomarkers are valuable for exposure scenarios in nuclear accidents or space missions. Recent studies have opened the new sight of circulating small non-coding RNA (sncRNA) as radiation biomarkers. The tRNA-derived small RNA (tsRNA) is a new class of sncRNA. It is more abundant than other kinds of sncRNAs in extracellular vesicles or blood, presenting great potential as promising biomarkers. However, the circulating tsRNAs in response to ionizing radiation have not been reported. In this research, Kunming mice were total-body exposed to 0.05-2 Gy of carbon ions, protons, or X-rays, and the RNA sequencing was performed to profile the expression of sncRNAs in serum. After conditional screening and validation, we firstly identified 5 tsRNAs including 4 tRNA-related fragments (tRFs) and 1 tRNA half (tiRNA) which showed a significant level decrease after exposure to three kinds of radiations. Moreover, the radiation responses of these 5 serum tsRNAs were reproduced in other mouse strains, and the sequences of them could be detected in serum of humans. Furthermore, we developed multi-factor models based on tsRNA biomarkers to indicate the degree of radiation exposure with high sensitivity and specificity. These findings suggest that the circulating tsRNAs can serve as new minimally invasive biomarkers and can make a triage or dose assessment from blood sample collection within 4 h in exposure scenarios.
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22
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Yasui K, Takebayashi Y, Motoya R, Aoki S, Horiuchi T, Hatsuzawa T, Nakano K, Ohba T, Yoshida K, Midorikawa S, Ohtsuru A, Murakami M. Trajectory and factors of radiation risk perception of students aged 10-12 years at the time of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station accident. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2021; 41:1166-1183. [PMID: 34034244 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ac04b7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Various studies have investigated radiation risk perceptions after the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station. However, student surveys are limited. This study aimed to investigate the perception of radiation risk among students aged 18-20 years who were in the 5th and 6th grades of elementary school at the time of the accident. We surveyed students in the Fukushima Prefecture and outside the prefecture. Out of all the data, 59% of the respondents were living in the Fukushima Prefecture at the time of the accident and 41% outside the prefecture. Trajectory analysis showed that changes in anxiety levels over time since 2011 could be divided into five classes: (a) the anxiety was the highest, and this tendency persisted. (b) High at the beginning, but decreased more quickly than class 1. (c) High at the beginning, but it diminished quickly. (d) Not high, but did not diminish easily in later years. (e) Low from the beginning, and persisted. Multinomial logistic analysis showed that among students living outside the prefecture at the time of the accident, a significantly higher proportion was in groups 4 and 5 than in group 2. A significant proportion of boys were present in groups 3, 4 and 5. A significant proportion of students whose current educational institutions were inside the prefecture were present in group 3. The level of anxiety was associated with the academic course, but not with subjective knowledge of radiation. In contrast, in the qualitative analysis of the free text, 31% considered 'knowledge about radiation' as the reason for the reduction in anxiety level. At the time of the investigation, most young people were not anxious about radiation. However, approximately 20% still had strong anxiety. We established that continuous risk communication is necessary. Furthermore, that stabilization and support related to life in general is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyotaka Yasui
- Department of Health Risk Communication, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City 960-1295, Japan
| | - Yoshitake Takebayashi
- Department of Health Risk Communication, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City 960-1295, Japan
| | - Ryo Motoya
- School of Psychological Science, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Aoki
- Center for Medical Education and Career Development, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Teruko Horiuchi
- School of Nursing, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Toshio Hatsuzawa
- Faculty of Human Development and Culture, Fukushima University, Fukushima, Japan
| | | | - Takashi Ohba
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kazuki Yoshida
- Faculty of Nursing, Iryo Sosei University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Sanae Midorikawa
- Faculty of Human Life Science, Miyagi Gakuin Women's University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Akira Ohtsuru
- Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Michio Murakami
- Department of Health Risk Communication, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City 960-1295, Japan
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Eun S, Ryu J, Kim H, Hong HJ, Kim S. Simultaneous removal of radioactive cesium and strontium from seawater using a highly efficient Prussian blue-embedded alginate aerogel. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 297:113389. [PMID: 34325366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Radioactive cesium (137Cs) and strontium (90Sr) contaminants in seawater have been a serious problem since the Fukushima accident in 2011 due to their long-term health risks. For the effective and simultaneous removal of radioactive cesium (137Cs) and strontium (90Sr) from seawater, a Prussian blue (PB)-immobilized alginate aerogel (PB-alginate aerogel) was fabricated and its adsorption performance was evaluated. PB nanoparticles were homogeneously dispersed in the three-dimensional porous alginate aerogel matrix, which enabled facile contact with seawater. The PB-alginate aerogel exhibited Cs+ and Sr2+ adsorption capacities of 19.88 and 20.10 mg/g, respectively, without substantial interference because Cs+ and Sr2+ adsorption occurred at different adsorption sites on the composite. The Cs+ and Sr2+ adsorption onto the PB-alginate aerogel was completed within 3 h due to the highly porous morphology of the aerogel. The Cs+ and Sr2+ adsorption behaviors on the PB-alginate aerogel were systematically investigated under various conditions. Compared with Cs+ adsorption, Sr2+ adsorption onto the PB-alginate aerogel was more strongly influenced by competing cations (Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and K+) in seawater. 137Cs and 90Sr removal tests in real seawater demonstrated the practical feasibility of the PB-alginate aerogel as an adsorbent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semin Eun
- Division of Energy Technology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungho Ryu
- Geologic Environment Research Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), Daejeon, 34132, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuncheol Kim
- Nuclear Emergency and Environmental Protection Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea; Radiochemistry and Nuclear Nonproliferation, University of Science and Technology, 217, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Hong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soonhyun Kim
- Division of Energy Technology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea; Department of Interdisciplinary Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
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Talaat K, Hecht A, Xi J. A comparison of CFPD, compartment, and uniform distribution models for radiation dosimetry of radionuclides in the lung. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2021; 41:739-763. [PMID: 33823493 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/abf548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Radioactive aerosols that arise from natural sources and nuclear accidents can be a long-term hazard to human health. Despite the heterogeneous particle deposition in the respiratory tract, uniform aerosol doses have long been assumed in respiratory radiation dosimetry predictions, such as in the compartment and uniform distribution models. It is unclear how these deposition patterns affect internal radiation doses, which are critical in the health assessment of radioactive hazards. This work seeks to quantify the radio-dosimetry sensitivity to initial deposition patterns by comparing computational and compartment/uniform models. A new approach was developed to implement the compartment model into voxel phantoms (e.g. VIP-man) for radiation dosimetry. The calculated radiation fluence, energy deposition density and organ doses were compared to those obtained from coupling computational fluid-particle dynamics (CFPD) with Monte Carlo radiation transport and to those obtained from uniform source distribution approximation. The results show that the source particle distribution within the respiratory system substantially influences the radiation dosimetry distribution. The compartment and uniform models underestimated aerosol deposition in the crania ridge, leading to lower doses in the trachea and surrounding organs. For 0.5 MeV gammas, the CFPD-Monte Carlo N-particle (MCNP) model predicted a tracheal dose twice that of the compartment model and four times the uniform model. For 1 MeV betas, the CFPD-MCNP-predicted tracheal dose is 2.6 times that of the compartment model and 14 times the uniform model. Compared to the compartment/uniform models, the CFPD approach predicted a 50% lower beta dose in the lung but higher beta doses in the heart (six times), liver (four times) and stomach (2.5 times). It is suggested that including compartments for the lung periphery and tracheal carina ridge may improve the dosimetry accuracy of compartment models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Talaat
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, United States of America
| | - Adam Hecht
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, United States of America
| | - Jinxiang Xi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 1 University Ave., Falmouth Hall 202B, Lowell, MA, 01854, United States of America
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Suzuki C, Nakajima K, Osaka M. Phase stability of Cs-Si-O and Cs-Si-Fe-O compounds on stainless steel. J NUCL SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00223131.2021.1971576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chikashi Suzuki
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Naka-gun, Japan
| | - Kunihisa Nakajima
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Naka-gun, Japan
| | - Masahiko Osaka
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Naka-gun, Japan
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Wang X, Li Y, Li J, Liu Y, Qiu C. A rumor reversal model of online health information during the Covid-19 epidemic. Inf Process Manag 2021; 58:102731. [PMID: 34539040 PMCID: PMC8441309 DOI: 10.1016/j.ipm.2021.102731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The development of the Internet and social media has expanded the speed and scope of information dissemination, but not all widely disseminated information is true. Especially during the public health emergencies, the endogenous health information demand generated by the lack of scientific knowledge of health information among online users stimulates the dissemination of health information by mass media while providing opportunities for rumor mongers to publish and spread online rumors. Invalid scientific knowledge and rumors will have a serious negative impact and disrupt social order during epidemic outbreaks such as COVID-19. Therefore, it is extremely important to construct an effective online rumor reversal model. The purpose of this study is to build an online rumor reversal model to control the spread of online rumors and reduce their negative impact. From the perspective of internal and external factors, based on the SIR model, this study constructed a G-SCNDR online rumor reversal model by adopting scientific knowledge level theory and an external online rumor control strategy. In this study, the G-SCNDR model is simulated, and a sensitivity analysis of the important parameters of the model is performed. The reversal efficiency of the G-SCNDR model can be improved by properly adopting the isolation-conversion strategy as the external control approach to online rumors with improving the popularization rate of the level of users' scientific knowledge and accelerating the transformation efficiency of official nodes. This study can help provide a better understanding of the process of online rumor spreading and reversing, as well as offering ceritain guidance and countermeasures for online rumor control during public health emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwei Wang
- School of Management, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China.,Research Center for Big Data Management, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Yueqi Li
- School of Management, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Jiaxing Li
- School of Information Management, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yutong Liu
- School of Management, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Chengcheng Qiu
- School of Management, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
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27
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Park CW, Kim T, Yang HM, Lee Y, Kim HJ. Active and selective removal of Cs from contaminated water by self-propelled magnetic illite microspheres. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:126226. [PMID: 34492980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report the fabrication of clay-mineral-based Janus microspheres that exhibit remotely steerable self-propulsion in water, facilitating their selective and active removal of radiocesium from a contaminated solution. The spray-drying of slurries of intrinsically Cs-selective illite containing iron oxide nanoparticles led to magnetic illite microspheres with superior 137Cs adsorption capability and superparamagnetic behavior. The Janus micromotor adsorbent was prepared by depositing catalytic Pt onto the half-surface of magnetic illite microspheres. The micromotor adsorbents exhibited self-propulsion at speeds as high as ~265 µm/s via asymmetric bubble generation in water containing H2O2 as a fuel. The self-propulsion of the adsorbent improved the Cs adsorption kinetics six-folds compared with the kinetics in the corresponding stationary liquid. The magnetic properties of the micromotor adsorbent enabled convenient separation and direction control of the adsorbents under an external magnetic field. In particular, the micromotor adsorbent could successfully remove more than 98.6% of 137Cs from aqueous media containing competing ions including K+, Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Woo Park
- Decommissioning Technology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daedeok-daero 989-111, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Taeeun Kim
- Decommissioning Technology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daedeok-daero 989-111, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Man Yang
- Decommissioning Technology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daedeok-daero 989-111, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonsoo Lee
- Decommissioning Technology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daedeok-daero 989-111, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Organic Materials Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Ju Kim
- Decommissioning Technology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daedeok-daero 989-111, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Figueiredo A, Strekowski RS, Bosland L, Durand A, Wortham H. Photodegradation of Molecular Iodine on SiO2 Particles: Influence of Temperature and Relative Humidity. JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND RADIATION SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4048846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A molecular derivatization method followed by gas chromatographic separation coupled with mass spectrometric detection was used to study photodegradation of molecular I2 adsorbed on solid SiO2 particles. The heterogeneous photodegradation of I2 was studied as a function of temperature and relative humidity in synthetic air to better understand its environmental fate. Two sets of experiments were carried out. In the first set of experiments, the temperature was T = (298 ± 1) K and relative humidity was varied from ≤ 2% to 75%RH under given experimental conditions. In the second set of experiments, the relative humidity within the Pyrex bulb was 40%RH and the temperature was varied from 283 ± 1 ≤ T (K) ≤ 323 ± 1. The obtained results show a considerably enhanced atmospheric lifetime of molecular iodine adsorbed on solid media that does not depend on relative humidity of the environment. The obtained results show that the rate constant for the photolysis of molecular iodine adsorbed on model SiO2 particles depends on temperature and is reported to be J (T)=(1.24 ± 1.4)×10−2×exp[(1482±345)/T]/s over the measured temperature range. The heterogeneous atmospheric residence time () of I2 adsorbed on solid media is calculated to range from 2 to 4.1 h. The experimentally obtained heterogeneous lifetime of I2 is shown to be considerably longer than its destruction by its principal atmospheric sink, photolysis. The observed enhanced atmospheric lifetime of I2 on heterogeneous media will likely have direct consequences on the atmospheric transport of I2 that influences the toxicity or the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Figueiredo
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, LCE, Marseille 13007, France; Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PSN-RES/SAG/LETR, Cadarache, France
| | | | - L. Bosland
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PSN-RES/SAG/LETR, Cadarache, France
| | - A. Durand
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, LCE, Marseille 13007, France
| | - H. Wortham
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, LCE, Marseille 13007, France
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Ashraf MA, Akihiro T, Ito K, Kumagai S, Sugita R, Tanoi K, Rahman A. ATP binding cassette proteins ABCG37 and ABCG33 function as potassium-independent cesium uptake carriers in Arabidopsis roots. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:664-678. [PMID: 33588076 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Radiocesium accumulated in the soil by nuclear accidents is a major environmental concern. The transport process of cesium (Cs+) is tightly linked to the indispensable plant nutrient potassium (K+) as they both belong to the group I alkali metals with similar chemical properties. Most of the transporters that had been characterized to date as Cs+ transporters are directly or indirectly linked to K+. Using a combinatorial approach of physiology, genetics, cell biology, and root uptake assay, here we identified two ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins, ABCG37 and ABCG33, as facilitators of Cs+ influx. A gain-of-function mutant of ABCG37 (abcg37-1) showed increased sensitivity to Cs+-induced root growth inhibition, while the double knockout mutant of ABCG33 and ABCG37 (abcg33-1abcg37-2) showed resistance, whereas the single loss-of-function mutants of ABCG33 and ABCG37 did not show any alteration in Cs+ response. In planta short-term radioactive Cs+-uptake assay along with growth and uptake assays in a heterologous system confirmed ABCG33 and ABCG37 as Cs+-uptake carriers. Potassium response and content were unaffected in the double-mutant background and yeast cells lacking potassium-uptake carriers transformed with ABCG33 and ABCG37 failed to grow in the absence of K+, confirming that Cs+ uptake by ABCG33 and ABCG37 is independent of K+. Collectively, this work identified two ABC proteins as new Cs+-influx carriers that act redundantly and independent of the K+-uptake pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Arif Ashraf
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Takashi Akihiro
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Keita Ito
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Bio Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Sayaka Kumagai
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Bio Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Ryohei Sugita
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Keitaro Tanoi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Abidur Rahman
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan; Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Bio Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan; Agri-Innovation, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan.
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30
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Changes in environmental radiation levels in Katsushika Ward, Tokyo after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-07654-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Ishii N, Furota T, Kagami M, Tagami K, Uchida S. Inequality in the distribution of 137Cs contamination within freshwater fish bodies and its affecting factors. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5769. [PMID: 33707541 PMCID: PMC7952404 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85291-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Contamination of freshwater fishes with 137Cs remains as a serious problem in Japan, nearly 10 years after the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident, but there is limited information on the distribution of 137Cs contamination in fish bodies. The 137Cs distribution can be used for the estimation of internal radiation exposure through the consumption of fish and for the dose estimation of fish themselves. In this study, the 137Cs distribution in the bodies of 8 freshwater fish species was investigated as percentages of total body burden for fish inhabiting Lake Inba. Fish samples were caught in stake nets placed close to the shore approximately once a month. After the measurement of body length and fresh weight, the radioactivities of 137Cs in muscle, internal organs, spawn, milt and bone were assayed using high-purity germanium detectors. Analysis of all fish samples showed that the 137Cs distribution was highest in muscle (54 ± 12%), followed by internal organs (7.8 ± 4.6%), spawn (7.4 ± 5.4%), milt (3.2 ± 2.1%) and bone (1.2 ± 0.58%). Among fish species, the highest proportion of 137Cs in muscle was detected in largemouth bass (71 ± 1 3%), followed by snakehead (69 ± 14%), channel catfish (63 ± 17%), common carp (62 ± 14%), barbel steed (58 ± 6.5%), silver carp (57 ± 7.7%), bluegill (53 ± 4.7%), and crucian carp (50 ± 10%). These results suggested that the 137Cs in muscle was likely to be high in piscivorous fishes compared to omnivorous fishes, especially crucian carp. The proportion of 137Cs in muscle of crucian carp was not explained either by body length or fresh weight. However, a positive correlation was found between the proportion of 137Cs in muscle and the condition factor which was an indicator of nutritional status calculated from a length-weight relationship. This correlation implied that more 137Cs accumulated in muscle tissue of a fish species with high nutritional status. This is the first study to show that condition factor is more important than body length and wet weight in explaining the high proportion of 137Cs in muscle tissues, at least for crucian carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyoshi Ishii
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Environmental Transfer Parameter Research Group, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Toshio Furota
- Faculty of Science, Department of Environmental Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi-shi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan
| | - Maiko Kagami
- Faculty of Science, Department of Environmental Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi-shi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan
- Graduate School of Environmental and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-1 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Keiko Tagami
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Environmental Transfer Parameter Research Group, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Shigeo Uchida
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Biospheric Assessment for Waste Disposal Team, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
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Transition of Radioactive Cesium Deposition in Reproductive Organs of Free-Roaming Cats in Namie Town, Fukushima. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041772. [PMID: 33670348 PMCID: PMC7918855 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the internal contamination by radioactive cesium associated with the FDNPP accident, in the testes or uterus and ovaries of free-roaming cats (Felis silvestris catus), which were protected by volunteers in the Namie Town, Fukushima. A total of 253 samples (145 testes and 108 uterus and ovaries) obtained from adult cats and 15 fetuses from 3 pregnant female cats were measured. Free-roaming cats in Namie Town had a higher level of radioactive contamination in comparison to the control group in Tokyo, as the 134Cs + 137Cs activity concentration ranged from not detectable to 37,882 Bq kg-1 in adult cats. Furthermore, the radioactivity in the fetuses was almost comparable to those in their mother's uterus and ovaries. The radioactivity was also different between several cats protected in the same location, and there was no significant correlation with ambient dose-rates and activity concentrations in soil. Moreover, radioactive cesium levels in cats decreased with each year. Therefore, it is likely that decontamination work in Namie Town and its surroundings could affect radioactive cesium accumulation, and thus possibly reduce the internal radiation exposure of wildlife living in contaminated areas. It is hence necessary to continue radioactivity monitoring efforts for the residents living in Namie Town.
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Nutrient Imbalance of the Host Plant for Larvae of the Pale Grass Blue Butterfly May Mediate the Field Effect of Low-Dose Radiation Exposure in Fukushima: Dose-Dependent Changes in the Sodium Content. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12020149. [PMID: 33572324 PMCID: PMC7916146 DOI: 10.3390/insects12020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The pale grass blue butterfly Zizeeria maha is sensitive to low-dose radioactive pollution from the Fukushima nuclear accident in the field but is also highly tolerant to radioactive cesium (137Cs) in an artificial diet in laboratory experiments. To resolve this field-laboratory paradox, we hypothesize that the butterfly shows vulnerability in the field through biochemical changes in the larval host plant, the creeping wood sorrel Oxalis corniculata, in response to radiation stress. To test this field-effect hypothesis, we examined nutrient contents in the host plant leaves from Tohoku (mostly polluted areas including Fukushima), Niigata, and Kyushu, Japan. Leaves from Tohoku showed significantly lower sodium and lipid contents than those from Niigata. In the Tohoku samples, the sodium content (but not the lipid content) was significantly negatively correlated with the radioactivity concentration of cesium (137Cs) in leaves and with the ground radiation dose. The sodium content was also correlated with other nutrient factors. These results suggest that the sodium imbalance of the plant may be caused by radiation stress and that this nutrient imbalance may be one of the reasons that this monophagous butterfly showed high mortality and morphological abnormalities in the field shortly after the accident in Fukushima.
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Karapiperis C, Chasapi A, Angelis L, Scouras ZG, Mastroberardino PG, Tapio S, Atkinson MJ, Ouzounis CA. The Coming of Age for Big Data in Systems Radiobiology, an Engineering Perspective. BIG DATA 2021; 9:63-71. [PMID: 32991205 DOI: 10.1089/big.2019.0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As high-throughput approaches in biological and biomedical research are transforming the life sciences into information-driven disciplines, modern analytics platforms for big data have started to address the needs for efficient and systematic data analysis and interpretation. We observe that radiobiology is following this general trend, with -omics information providing unparalleled depth into the biomolecular mechanisms of radiation response-defined as systems radiobiology. We outline the design of computational frameworks and discuss the analysis of big data in low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) responses of the mammalian brain. Following successful examples and best practices of approaches for the analysis of big data in life sciences and health care, we present the needs and requirements for radiation research. Our goal is to raise awareness for the radiobiology community about the new technological possibilities that can capture complex information and execute data analytics on a large scale. The production of large data sets from genome-wide experiments (quantity) and the complexity of radiation research with multidimensional experimental designs (quality) will necessitate the adoption of latest information technologies. The main objective was to translate research results into applied clinical and epidemiological practice and understand the responses of biological tissues to LDIR to define new radiation protection policies. We envisage a future where multidisciplinary teams include data scientists, artificial intelligence experts, DevOps engineers, and of course radiation experts to fulfill the augmented needs of the radiobiology community, accelerate research, and devise new strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Karapiperis
- School of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessalonica (AUTH), Thessalonica, Greece
| | - Anastasia Chasapi
- Biological Computation & Process Laboratory (BCPL), Chemical Process & Energy Resources Institute (CPERI), Centre for Research & Technology Hellas (CERTH), Thessalonica, Greece
| | - Lefteris Angelis
- School of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessalonica (AUTH), Thessalonica, Greece
| | - Zacharias G Scouras
- School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessalonica (AUTH), Thessalonica, Greece
| | | | - Soile Tapio
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael J Atkinson
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christos A Ouzounis
- School of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessalonica (AUTH), Thessalonica, Greece
- Biological Computation & Process Laboratory (BCPL), Chemical Process & Energy Resources Institute (CPERI), Centre for Research & Technology Hellas (CERTH), Thessalonica, Greece
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35
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Jiao F, Kinoshita N, Kawaguchi M, Asada M, Honda M, Sueki K, Koido K, Ninomiya Y. Use of thermal treatment with CaCl 2 and CaO to remove 137Cs in the soil collected from the area near the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 401:123364. [PMID: 32763681 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A massive amount of soils and inflammable materials of plants etc. contaminated by radiocesium are generated from decontamination work in the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident affected area. In present study, the removal experiments of 137Cs in a soil collected from the FDNPP accident affected area were carried out in a lab-scale electrical heating horizontal furnace through thermal treatment with CaCl2 addition over a temperature of 900 - 1300 °C. The results indicated that the average radioactive concentration of 137Cs in the soil was 52.8 Bq/g. The removal ratio of 137Cs in the soil treated at 1300 °C was 96.3 % when 20 % CaCl2 was added. The addition of CaCl2 and CaO mixture exhibited a synergistic effect on the removal of 137Cs, relative to the addition of CaCl2 alone. Accordingly, the addition of CaCl2 or its mixture with CaO during thermal treatment is suggested to remove 137Cs in the soil collected from the FDNPP accident affected area. Additionally, segregation of the soil sample to fine and coarse fraction and then treated individually are also recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Facun Jiao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-Cho, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan; School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, No.168 Taifeng Road, Huainan, Anhui, 232001, PR China.
| | - Norikazu Kinoshita
- Institute of Technology, Shimizu Corporation, 3-4-17 Etchujima Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8530, Japan
| | - Masato Kawaguchi
- Institute of Technology, Shimizu Corporation, 3-4-17 Etchujima Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8530, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Asada
- Institute of Technology, Shimizu Corporation, 3-4-17 Etchujima Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8530, Japan
| | - Maki Honda
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Keisuke Sueki
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Kenji Koido
- Faculty of Symbiotic Systems Science, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1296, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Ninomiya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-Cho, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan.
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Querfeld R, Hori M, Weller A, Degering D, Shozugawa K, Steinhauser G. Radioactive Games? Radiation Hazard Assessment of the Tokyo Olympic Summer Games. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:11414-11423. [PMID: 32835480 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a comprehensive radiation hazard assessment of the Tokyo Olympic Games (Tokyo 2020, postponed to 2021). Our combined experimental and literature study focused on both external and internal exposure to ionizing radiation for athletes and visitors of the Games. The effective dose for a visit of 2 weeks ranges from 57 to 310 μSv (including flight dose). The main contributors to the dose are cosmic radiation during the flights (approximately 10-81%), inhalation of natural radon (approximately 9-47%), and external exposure (approximately 8-42%). In this complex exposure, anthropogenic radionuclides from the Fukushima nuclear accident (2011) always play a minor role and have not caused a significant increase of the radiological risk compared to pre-Fukushima Japan. Significantly elevated air dose rates were not measured at any of the Tokyo Olympic venues. The average air dose rates at the Tokyo 2020 sites were below the average air dose rates at the sites of previous Olympic Games. The level of radiological safety of foods and water is very high in Japan, even for athletes with increased water and caloric demands, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Querfeld
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institute of Radioecology and Radiation Protection, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Mayumi Hori
- The University of Tokyo, Komaba Organization for Educational Excellence, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Anica Weller
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institute of Radioecology and Radiation Protection, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Detlev Degering
- VKTA-Strahlenschutz, Analytik & Entsorgung Rossendorf e.V., D-01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Katsumi Shozugawa
- The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Georg Steinhauser
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institute of Radioecology and Radiation Protection, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
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Pasi AE, Glänneskog H, Foreman MRSJ, Ekberg C. Tellurium Behavior in the Containment Sump: Dissolution, Redox, and Radiolysis Effects. NUCL TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00295450.2020.1762456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Elina Pasi
- Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nuclear Chemistry and Industrial Materials Recycling, Kemivägen 4, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | | | - Mark R. St.-J Foreman
- Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nuclear Chemistry and Industrial Materials Recycling, Kemivägen 4, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Christian Ekberg
- Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nuclear Chemistry and Industrial Materials Recycling, Kemivägen 4, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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Tang Z, Cai J, Li Q, Zhao J, Li X, Yang Y. The regional scale atmospheric dispersion analysis and environmental radiation impacts assessment for the hypothetical accident in Haiyang nuclear power plant. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2020.103362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Figueiredo A, Strekowski RS, Bosland L, Durand A, Wortham H. Photolytic degradation of molecular iodine adsorbed on model SiO 2 particles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 723:137951. [PMID: 32392691 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A molecular derivatization method followed by gas chromatographic separation coupled with mass spectrometric detection was used to study photolytic degradation of I2 adsorbed on solid SiO2 particles. This heterogeneous photodegradation of I2 is studied at ambient temperature in synthetic air to better understand I2 atmospheric dispersion and environmental fate. The obtained laboratory results show a considerably enhanced atmospheric lifetime of molecular iodine adsorbed on solid media. The heterogeneous atmospheric residence time (τ) of I2 is calculated to be τ ≈ 187 min, i.e., τ ≈ 3 h. The obtained heterogeneous lifetime of I2 is shown to be considerably longer than its destruction by its principal atmospheric sink, namely, photolysis. The observed enhanced atmospheric lifetime of I2 on heterogeneous media will likely have direct consequences on the atmospheric transport of I2 that influences the toxicity or the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Figueiredo
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCE, Marseille, France; Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PSN-RES/SAG/LETR, Cadarache, France
| | | | - L Bosland
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PSN-RES/SAG/LETR, Cadarache, France
| | - A Durand
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCE, Marseille, France
| | - H Wortham
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCE, Marseille, France
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Ma W, Hu B, Li JL, Zhang ZZ, Zeng X, Jin J, Li Z, Zheng ST, Feng ML, Huang XY. The Uptake of Hazardous Metal Ions into a High-Nuclearity Cluster-Based Compound with Structural Transformation and Proton Conduction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:26222-26231. [PMID: 32401005 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c06082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of novel high-nuclearity oxo-clusters considerably promotes the development of cluster science. We report a high-nuclearity oxo-cluster-based compound with acid/alkali-resistance and radiation stabilities, namely, (H3O)7[Cd7Sb24O24(l-tta)9(l-Htta)3(H2O)6]·29H2O (FJSM-CA; l-H4tta = l-tartaric acid), which features a two-dimensionally anionic layer based on the largest Sb-oxo-clusters with 28-metal-ion-core [Cd4Sb24O24]. It is challenging to efficiently capture Sr2+, Ba2+ (analogue of 226Ra), and [UO2]2+ ions from aqueous solutions due to their high water solubility and environmental mobility, while it is unprecedented that a novel Sb-oxo-cluster-based framework material FJSM-CA can efficiently remove these hazardous ions accompanied with intriguing structural transformations. Especially, it shows fast ion-exchange abilities for Sr2+, Ba2+, and [UO2]2+ (reaches equilibrium within 2, 10, and 20 min, respectively) and high exchange capacity (121.91 mg/g), removal rate R (96%), and distribution coefficient KdU (2.46 × 104 mL/g) for uranium. Moreover, the underlying mechanism is clearly revealed, which is attributed to strong electrostatic interactions between exchanged cations and highly negative-charged frameworks and the strong affinity of (COO)- groups for these cations. Proton conduction of the pristine and Sr2+, Ba2+, [UO2]2+-loaded products was investigated. This work highlights the design of new oxo-cluster-based materials for radionuclide remediation and proton conduction performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Long Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Zhuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, P.R. China
| | - Xi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jiance Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P.R. China
| | - Shou-Tian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Ling Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
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Development of sustainable extraction method for long-lived radioisotopes, 133Ba and 134Cs using a potential bio-sorbent. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07241-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Wei W, Bai H, Feng X, Hua J, Long K, He J, Zhang Y, Ding N, Wang J, Zhou H. Serum Proteins as New Biomarkers for Whole-Body Exposure to High- and Low-LET Ionizing Radiation. Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325820914172. [PMID: 32273832 PMCID: PMC7113486 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820914172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to ionizing radiation is a major threat to human health and public security. Since the inherent limitations of current methods for indicating radiation exposure, new minimally invasive biomarkers that can be easily and quickly detected at an early stage are needed for optimal medical treatment. Serum proteins are attractive biomarkers and some radiosensitive proteins have been found, but the proteins in response to low-dose and high-linear energy transfer (LET) radiation have not been reported. In this study, mice were whole body exposed to a variety doses of carbon ions and X-rays. We performed Mouse Antibody Array to detect serum proteins expression profiles at 24 hours postirradiation. After conditional screening, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), and IGFBP-3 were further validated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. After exposure to 0.05 to 1 Gy of carbon ions and 0.5 to 4 Gy of X-rays, only IGFBP-3 showed obvious increase with increased doses, both carbon ions and X-rays. Further, IGFBP-3 was detected for observation of its time-dependent changes. The results showed the expression difference of IGFBP-3 presented from 6 to 24 hours post-irradiation by carbon ions and X-rays. Moreover, the receiver–operating characteristic analysis showed that serum IGFBP-3 is efficient to triage exposed individuals with high sensitivity and specificity. These results suggest that serum IGFBP-3 is extremely sensitive to high- and low-LET ionizing radiation and is able to respond at an early stage, which could serve as a novel minimally invasive indicator for radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hao Bai
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu Feng
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junrui Hua
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kaiqin Long
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinpeng He
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Nan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jufang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Heng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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Ecological half-lives of radiocesium on Izu-Oshima Island related with the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07040-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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45
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Omi T, Nakiri S, Nakanishi S, Ishii N, Uno T, Konno F, Inagaki T, Sakamoto A, Shito M, Udagawa C, Tada N, Ochiai K, Kato T, Kawamoto Y, Tsuchida S, Hayama SI. Concentrations of 137Cs radiocaesium in the organs and tissues of low-dose-exposed wild Japanese monkeys. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:121. [PMID: 32122403 PMCID: PMC7053083 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-04972-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Following the massive earthquake that struck eastern Japan on March 11, 2011, a large amount of radioactive material was released into the environment from the damaged reactor of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP). After the FDNPP accident, radiocaesium was first detected in muscle samples from wild Japanese monkeys exposed to radioactive materials, and haematologic effects, changes in head size, and delayed body weight gain were also reported, but little is known about the distribution of 137Cs in the organs and tissues of wild Japanese monkeys. Results We detected the 137Cs in various organ and tissue samples of 10 wild Japanese monkeys inhabiting the forested areas of Fukushima City that were captured between July and August 2012. Among muscle, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, and spleen, muscle exhibited the highest and the brain the lowest 137Cs concentration. The concentration (mean ± SD) of 137Cs in muscle, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, and spleen was 77 ± 66, 26 ± 22, 41 ± 35, 49 ± 41, 41 ± 38, 53 ± 41, and 53 ± 51 Bq/kg, respectively. These results can help us understand the biological effects of long-term internal radiation exposure in non-human primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Omi
- Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino City, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan.
| | - Sachie Nakiri
- Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino City, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan
| | - Setsuko Nakanishi
- Conservation and Animal Welfare, 1-9-4 Kunitachi City, Tokyo, 186-0004, Japan
| | - Naomi Ishii
- Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino City, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan
| | - Taiki Uno
- Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino City, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan
| | - Fumiharu Konno
- Fukushima-Mirai Agricultural Cooperative, 19-2 Kubota, Kamata, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-0102, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inagaki
- Jichi Medical University, School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke City, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sakamoto
- Jichi Medical University, School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke City, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shito
- Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino City, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan
| | - Chihiro Udagawa
- Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino City, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan
| | - Naomi Tada
- Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino City, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ochiai
- Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino City, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan
| | - Takuya Kato
- Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino City, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan
| | - Yoshi Kawamoto
- Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino City, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan
| | - Shuichi Tsuchida
- Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino City, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Hayama
- Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino City, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan
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Isotopic ratios of uranium and caesium in spherical radioactive caesium-bearing microparticles derived from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3281. [PMID: 32094430 PMCID: PMC7039901 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59933-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Spherical radioactive caesium (Cs)-bearing microparticles (CsMPs) were emitted during the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident in March, 2011. The emission source (timing) and formation process of these particles remain unclear. In this study, the isotopic ratios of uranium (235U and 238U) and caesium (133Cs, 134Cs, 135Cs, and 137Cs) isotopes in the five spherical CsMPs (ca. 2 μm in size) sampled at 50 km west of the FDNPP were determined using secondary ion mass spectrometry and laser ablation-ICPMS, respectively. Results showed that the 235U/238U ratios of CsMPs were homogeneous (1.93 ± 0.03, N = 4) and close to those estimated for the fuel cores in units 2 and 3, and that the Cs isotopic ratios of CsMP were identical to those of units 2 and 3. These results indicated that U and Cs in the spherical CsMPs originated exclusively from the fuel melt in the reactors. Based on a thorough review of literatures related to the detailed atmospheric releases of radionuclides, the flow of plumes from the FDNPP reactor units during the accident and the U and Cs isotopic ratio results in this study, we hereby suggest that the spherical CsMPs originate only from the fuel in unit 2 on the night of 14 March to the morning of 15 March. The variation range of the analysed 235U/238U isotopic ratios for the four spherical particles was extremely narrow. Thus, U may have been homogenised in the source through the formation of fuel melt, which ultimately evaporating and taken into CsMPs in the reactor and was released from the unit 2.
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Ouf FX, Gelain T, Patry M, Salm F. Airborne release of hazardous micron-sized metallic/metal oxide particles during thermal degradation of polycarbonate surfaces contaminated by particles: Towards a phenomenological description. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 384:121490. [PMID: 31706746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The release of radioactive particles during fires is a key issue for the safety analysis of industrial nuclear facilities. Nevertheless, significant discrepancies exist between experimental measurements reported in the literature of airborne release fractions (ARF), expressed in terms of mass, and further discussions on the phenomenology of particles released from burning solid surfaces are needed. Experimental results are reported on the resuspension of metallic/metal oxide particles deposited on polycarbonate (PC) samples, representative of glove boxes used in the nuclear industry, under thermal degradation and for several particles deposit properties, i.e. equivalent volume diameter (Dev), density (ρp), morphology and number of mono-layer (Nmono). A significant influence of Dev and ρp was identified, with a peak in ARF for diameters close to 6 μm and a decreasing ARF with increasing density. Furthermore, the particle deposit structure was identified as an influencing parameter, with ARF decreasing with increasing Nmono up to nearly 0.3 and remaining constant above. Experimental results obtained in this study were compared with literature values to propose a phenomenological description of particles resuspension from burning PC surfaces. These findings open the way to a theoretical description of airborne release and to propose realistic surrogate to conduct large-scale fire experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- F-X Ouf
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSN-RES, SCA, Gif-Sur-Yvette, 91192, France.
| | - T Gelain
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSN-RES, SCA, Gif-Sur-Yvette, 91192, France
| | - M Patry
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSN-RES, SCA, Gif-Sur-Yvette, 91192, France
| | - F Salm
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSN-RES, SCA, Gif-Sur-Yvette, 91192, France
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Eun S, Hong HJ, Kim H, Jeong HS, Kim S, Jung J, Ryu J. Prussian blue-embedded carboxymethyl cellulose nanofibril membranes for removing radioactive cesium from aqueous solution. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 235:115984. [PMID: 32122514 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.115984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized a Prussian blue (PB)-embedded macroporous carboxymethyl cellulose nanofibril (CMCNF) membrane for facile cesium (Cs) removal. The PB was formed in situ at Fe3+ sites on a CMCNF framework cross-linked using FeCl3 as a cross-linking agent. Cubic PB particles of size 5-20 nm were observed on the macroporous CMCNF membrane surface. The PB-CMCNF membrane showed 2.5-fold greater Cs adsorption capacity (130 mg/gPB-CMCNF) than commercial PB nanoparticles, even though the PB loading of the PB-CMCNF membrane was less than 100 mg/gPB-CMCNF. The macroporous structure of the CMCNF membrane led to improved diffusion in the solution, thereby increasing the Cs adsorption capacity. The Cs adsorption behavior was systematically investigated in different solution chemistry. Finally, 137Cs removal using a semicontinuous adsorption module was demonstrated in real seawater. The results showed that the PB-CMCNF membrane is a highly effective, practical material for the removal of 137Cs from aqueous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semin Eun
- School of Civil Engineering, ChungBuk National University (CBNU), Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye-Jin Hong
- Mineral Resources Research Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), Daejeon, 34132, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyuncheol Kim
- Nuclear Emergency and Environmental Protection Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyeon Su Jeong
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Wanju, Jeonbuk, 55324, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soonhyun Kim
- Division of Energy Technology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jongwon Jung
- School of Civil Engineering, ChungBuk National University (CBNU), Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jungho Ryu
- Geologic Environment Research Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), Daejeon, 34132, Republic of Korea.
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Okumura T, Yamaguchi N, Suga H, Takahashi Y, Segawa H, Kogure T. Reactor environment during the Fukushima nuclear accident inferred from radiocaesium-bearing microparticles. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1352. [PMID: 31992831 PMCID: PMC6987194 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58464-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiocaesium-bearing microparticles (CsMPs), which are substantially silicate glass, were formed inside the damaged reactor and released to the environment by the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident in March 2011. The present study reports several valuable findings regarding their composition and structure using advanced microanalytical techniques. X-ray absorption near-edge structure of Fe L3-absorption indicated that the oxidation state of the iron dissolved in the glass matrix of the CsMPs was originally nearly divalent, suggesting that the atmosphere in which the CsMPs were formed during the accident was considerably reductive. Another major finding is that sodium, which has not been recognised as a constituent element of CsMPs thus far, is among the major elements in the glass matrix. The atomic percent of Na is higher than that of other alkali elements such as K and Cs. Furthermore, halite (NaCl) was found as an inclusion inside a CsMP. The existence of Na in CsMPs infers that seawater injected for cooling might reach the inside of the reactor before or during the formation of the CsMPs. These results are valuable to infer the environment inside the reactor during the accident and the debris materials to be removed during the decommissioning processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiga Okumura
- The University of Tokyo, Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Noriko Yamaguchi
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0864, Japan
| | - Hiroki Suga
- The University of Tokyo, Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yoshio Takahashi
- The University of Tokyo, Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroyo Segawa
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kogure
- The University of Tokyo, Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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Proteomic Analysis of Iodinated Contrast Agent-Induced Perturbation of Thyroid Iodide Uptake. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020329. [PMID: 31979418 PMCID: PMC7073936 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: We recently showed that iodinated contrast media (ICM) reduced thyroid uptake of iodide independently of free iodide through a mechanism different from that of NaI and involving a dramatic and long-lasting decrease in Na/I symporter expression. The present study aimed at comparing the response of the thyroid to ICM and NaI using a quantitative proteomic approach. (2) Methods: Scintiscans were performed on ICM-treated patients. Micro Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (microSPECT/CT) imaging was used to assess thyroid uptakes in ICM- or NaI-treated mice and their response to recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone. Total thyroid iodide content and proteome was determined in control, NaI-, or ICM-treated animals. (3) Results: The inhibitory effect of ICM in patients was selectively observed on thyroids but not on salivary glands for up to two months after a systemic administration. An elevated level of iodide was observed in thyroids from NaI-treated mice but not in those from ICM animals. Exposure of the thyroid to NaI modulates 15 cellular pathways, most of which are also affected by ICM treatment (including the elF4 and P706SK cell signaling pathway and INSR identified as an upstream activator in both treatments). In addition, ICM modulates 16 distinct pathways and failed to affect thyroid iodide content. Finally, administration of ICM reduces thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor expression which results in a loss of TSH-induced iodide uptake by the thyroid. (4) Conclusions: Common intracellular mechanisms are involved in the ICM- and NaI-induced reduction of iodide uptake. However, ICM fails to affect thyroid iodide content which suggests that the modulation of these common pathways is triggered by separate effectors. ICM also modulates numerous distinct pathways which may account for its long-lasting effect on thyroid uptake. These observations may have implications in the management of patients affected by differentiated thyroid carcinomas who have been exposed to ICM. They also provide the basis for the utilization of ICM-based compounds in radioprotection of the thyroid.
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