1
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Ogawa Y, Iwano M, Shikanai T, Sakamoto W. FZL, a dynamin-like protein localized to curved grana edges, is required for efficient photosynthetic electron transfer in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1279699. [PMID: 37841601 PMCID: PMC10568140 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1279699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic electron transfer and its regulation processes take place on thylakoid membranes, and the thylakoid of vascular plants exhibits particularly intricate structure consisting of stacked grana and flat stroma lamellae. It is known that several membrane remodeling proteins contribute to maintain the thylakoid structure, and one putative example is FUZZY ONION LIKE (FZL). In this study, we re-evaluated the controversial function of FZL in thylakoid membrane remodeling and in photosynthesis. We investigated the sub-membrane localization of FZL and found that it is enriched on curved grana edges of thylakoid membranes, consistent with the previously proposed model that FZL mediates fusion of grana and stroma lamellae at the interfaces. The mature fzl thylakoid morphology characterized with the staggered and less connected grana seems to agree with this model as well. In the photosynthetic analysis, the fzl knockout mutants in Arabidopsis displayed reduced electron flow, likely resulting in higher oxidative levels of Photosystem I (PSI) and smaller proton motive force (pmf). However, nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) of chlorophyll fluorescence was excessively enhanced considering the pmf levels in fzl, and we found that introducing kea3-1 mutation, lowering pH in thylakoid lumen, synergistically reinforced the photosynthetic disorder in the fzl mutant background. We also showed that state transitions normally occurred in fzl, and that they were not involved in the photosynthetic disorders in fzl. We discuss the possible mechanisms by which the altered thylakoid morphology in fzl leads to the photosynthetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ogawa
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Megumi Iwano
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Shikanai
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Wataru Sakamoto
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
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2
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Degen GE, Jackson PJ, Proctor MS, Zoulias N, Casson SA, Johnson MP. High cyclic electron transfer via the PGR5 pathway in the absence of photosynthetic control. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:370-386. [PMID: 36774530 PMCID: PMC10152662 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The light reactions of photosynthesis couple electron and proton transfers across the thylakoid membrane, generating NADPH, and proton motive force (pmf) that powers the endergonic synthesis of ATP by ATP synthase. ATP and NADPH are required for CO2 fixation into carbohydrates by the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle. The dominant ΔpH component of the pmf also plays a photoprotective role in regulating photosystem II light harvesting efficiency through nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) and photosynthetic control via electron transfer from cytochrome b6f (cytb6f) to photosystem I. ΔpH can be adjusted by increasing the proton influx into the thylakoid lumen via upregulation of cyclic electron transfer (CET) or decreasing proton efflux via downregulation of ATP synthase conductivity (gH+). The interplay and relative contributions of these two elements of ΔpH control to photoprotection are not well understood. Here, we showed that an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ATP synthase mutant hunger for oxygen in photosynthetic transfer reaction 2 (hope2) with 40% higher proton efflux has supercharged CET. Double crosses of hope2 with the CET-deficient proton gradient regulation 5 and ndh-like photosynthetic complex I lines revealed that PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION 5 (PGR5)-dependent CET is the major pathway contributing to higher proton influx. PGR5-dependent CET allowed hope2 to maintain wild-type levels of ΔpH, CO2 fixation and NPQ, however photosynthetic control remained absent and PSI was prone to photoinhibition. Therefore, high CET in the absence of ATP synthase regulation is insufficient for PSI photoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustaf E Degen
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Philip J Jackson
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4NL, UK
| | - Matthew S Proctor
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Nicholas Zoulias
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Stuart A Casson
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Matthew P Johnson
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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3
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Strand DD, Karcher D, Ruf S, Schadach A, Schöttler MA, Sandoval-Ibañez O, Hall D, Kramer DM, Bock R. Characterization of mutants deficient in N-terminal phosphorylation of the chloroplast ATP synthase subunit β. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:1818-1835. [PMID: 36635853 PMCID: PMC10022623 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the regulation of photosynthetic light harvesting and electron transfer is of great importance to efforts to improve the ability of the electron transport chain to supply downstream metabolism. A central regulator of the electron transport chain is ATP synthase, the molecular motor that harnesses the chemiosmotic potential generated from proton-coupled electron transport to synthesize ATP. ATP synthase is regulated both thermodynamically and post-translationally, with proposed phosphorylation sites on multiple subunits. In this study we focused on two N-terminal serines on the catalytic subunit β in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), previously proposed to be important for dark inactivation of the complex to avoid ATP hydrolysis at night. Here we show that there is no clear role for phosphorylation in the dark inactivation of ATP synthase. Instead, mutation of one of the two phosphorylated serine residues to aspartate to mimic constitutive phosphorylation strongly decreased ATP synthase abundance. We propose that the loss of N-terminal phosphorylation of ATPβ may be involved in proper ATP synthase accumulation during complex assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Karcher
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molecular Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Stephanie Ruf
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molecular Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Anne Schadach
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molecular Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Mark A Schöttler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molecular Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Omar Sandoval-Ibañez
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molecular Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - David Hall
- DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, 612 Wilson Rd 106, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - David M Kramer
- DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, 612 Wilson Rd 106, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
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4
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Buchert F, Bailleul B, Joliot P. Disentangling chloroplast ATP synthase regulation by proton motive force and thiol modulation in Arabidopsis leaves. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2021; 1862:148434. [PMID: 33932368 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2021.148434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The chloroplast ATP synthase (CF1Fo) contains a specific feature to the green lineage: a γ-subunit redox domain that contains a cysteine couple which interacts with the torque-transmitting βDELSEED-loop. This thiol modulation equips CF1Fo with an important environmental fine-tuning mechanism. In vitro, disulfide formation in the γ-redox domain slows down the activity of the CF1Fo at low transmembrane electrochemical proton gradient ( [Formula: see text] ), which agrees with its proposed role as chock based on recently solved structure. The γ-dithiol formation at the onset of light is crucial to maximize photosynthetic efficiency since it lowers the [Formula: see text] activation level for ATP synthesis in vitro. Here, we validate these findings in vivo by utilizing absorption spectroscopy in Arabidopsis thaliana. To do so, we monitored the [Formula: see text] present in darkness and identified its mitochondrial sources. By following the fate and components of light-induced extra [Formula: see text] , we estimated the ATP lifetime that lasted up to tens of minutes after long illuminations. Based on the relationship between [Formula: see text] and CF1Fo activity, we conclude that the dithiol configuration in vivo facilitates photosynthesis by driving the same ATP synthesis rate at a significative lower [Formula: see text] than in the γ-disulfide state. The presented in vivo findings are an additional proof of the importance of CF1Fo thiol modulation, reconciling biochemical in vitro studies and structural insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Buchert
- Laboratory of Chloroplast Biology and Light-Sensing in Microalgae - UMR7141, IBPC, CNRS-Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Münster, Germany.
| | - Benjamin Bailleul
- Laboratory of Chloroplast Biology and Light-Sensing in Microalgae - UMR7141, IBPC, CNRS-Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Joliot
- Laboratory of Chloroplast Biology and Light-Sensing in Microalgae - UMR7141, IBPC, CNRS-Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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5
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Wolf BC, Isaacson T, Tiwari V, Dangoor I, Mufkadi S, Danon A. Redox regulation of PGRL1 at the onset of low light intensity. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:715-725. [PMID: 32259361 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
PGR5-LIKE PHOTOSYNTHETIC PHENOTYPE1 (PGRL1) regulates photosystem I cyclic electron flow which transiently activates non-photochemical quenching at the onset of light. Here, we show that a disulfide-based mechanism of PGRL1 regulated this process in vivo at the onset of low light levels. We found that PGRL1 regulation depended on active formation of key regulatory disulfides in the dark, and that PGR5 was required for this activity. The disulfide state of PGRL1 was modulated in plants by counteracting reductive and oxidative components and reached a balanced state that depended on the light level. We propose that the redox regulation of PGRL1 fine-tunes a timely activation of photosynthesis at the onset of low light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bat-Chen Wolf
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Tal Isaacson
- Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel
| | - Vivekanand Tiwari
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Inbal Dangoor
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Sapir Mufkadi
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Avihai Danon
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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6
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Banerjee A, Stefanović S. Caught in action: fine-scale plastome evolution in the parasitic plants of Cuscuta section Ceratophorae (Convolvulaceae). PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:621-634. [PMID: 31140020 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00884-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
An exhaustive analysis of a group of closely related parasitic plants shows a predominantly gradual reduction in plastid genome composition and provides the most reduced plastomes in the genus Cuscuta. Parasitic plants have a diminished to completely absent reliance on photosynthesis, and are characterized by sweeping morphological, physiological, and genomic changes. The plastid genome (plastome) is highly conserved in autotrophic plants but is often reduced in parasites, and provides a useful system for documenting the genomic effects of a loss of photosynthesis. Previous studies have shown a substantial degree of heterogeneity in plastome length and composition across the species of the genus Cuscuta. Specifically, species in Cuscuta sect. Ceratophorae were suspected to exhibit even more dynamic plastome evolution than the rest of the genus. This complex of eight closely related species was exhaustively sampled here, and one accession per species was sequenced via a high-throughput approach. Complete plastid genomes were assembled and annotated for each of these species and were found to be 61-87 kbp in length, representing a 45-60% reduction relative to autotrophic Convolvulaceae. The most reduced plastomes on this spectrum have lost the bulk of their photosynthetic genes and are the first fully holoparasitic plastomes described for Cuscuta. The fine-scale nature of the system introduced here allowed us to phylogenetically triangulate the locations of gene loss and pseudogenization events precisely, and to construct a step-by-step model of plastome evolution in these plants. This model reveals an intense burst of gene loss along the branch leading to the most reduced plastomes, and a few idiosyncratic changes elsewhere, allowing us to conclude that the tempo of plastid evolution in sect. Ceratophorae is a blend of gradual and punctuated mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjan Banerjee
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada.
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 2Z9, Canada.
| | - Saša Stefanović
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
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7
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Cruz JA, Savage LJ, Zegarac R, Hall CC, Satoh-Cruz M, Davis GA, Kovac WK, Chen J, Kramer DM. Dynamic Environmental Photosynthetic Imaging Reveals Emergent Phenotypes. Cell Syst 2018; 2:365-77. [PMID: 27336966 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding and improving the productivity and robustness of plant photosynthesis requires high-throughput phenotyping under environmental conditions that are relevant to the field. Here we demonstrate the dynamic environmental photosynthesis imager (DEPI), an experimental platform for integrated, continuous, and high-throughput measurements of photosynthetic parameters during plant growth under reproducible yet dynamic environmental conditions. Using parallel imagers obviates the need to move plants or sensors, reducing artifacts and allowing simultaneous measurement on large numbers of plants. As a result, DEPI can reveal phenotypes that are not evident under standard laboratory conditions but emerge under progressively more dynamic illumination. We show examples in mutants of Arabidopsis of such "emergent phenotypes" that are highly transient and heterogeneous, appearing in different leaves under different conditions and depending in complex ways on both environmental conditions and plant developmental age. These emergent phenotypes appear to be caused by a range of phenomena, suggesting that such previously unseen processes are critical for plant responses to dynamic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Cruz
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Linda J Savage
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Robert Zegarac
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Christopher C Hall
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Mio Satoh-Cruz
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Geoffry A Davis
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - William Kent Kovac
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jin Chen
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - David M Kramer
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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8
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Wang C, Takahashi H, Shikanai T. PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION 5 contributes to ferredoxin-dependent cyclic phosphorylation in ruptured chloroplasts. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1859:1173-1179. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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9
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Kohzuma K, Hikosaka K. Physiological validation of photochemical reflectance index (PRI) as a photosynthetic parameter using Arabidopsis thaliana mutants. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 498:52-57. [PMID: 29501490 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) is the most important photoprotective system in higher plants. NPQ can be divided into several steps according to the timescale of relaxation of chlorophyll fluorescence after reaching a steady state (i.e., the fast phase, qE; middle phase, qZ or qT; and slow phase, qI). The dissipation of excess energy as heat during the xanthophyll cycle, a large component of NPQ, is detectable during the fast to middle phase (sec to min). Although thermal dissipation is primarily investigated using indirect methods such as chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements, such analyses require dark adaptation or the application of a saturating pulse during measurement, making it difficult to continuously monitor this process. Here, we designed an unconventional technique for real-time monitoring of changes in thylakoid lumen pH (as reflected by changes in xanthophyll pigment content) based on the photochemical reflectance index (PRI), which we estimated by measuring light-driven leaf reflectance at 531 nm. We analyzed two Arabidopsis thaliana mutants, npq1 (unable to convert violaxanthin to zeaxanthin due to inhibited violaxanthin de-epoxidase [VDE] activity) and npq4 (lacking PsbS protein), to uncover the regulator of the PRI. The PRI was variable in wild-type and npq4 plants, but not in npq1, indicating that the PRI is related to xanthophyll cycle-dependent thermal energy quenching (qZ) rather than the linear electron transport rate or NPQ. In situ lumen pH substitution using a pH-controlled buffer solution caused a shift in PRI. These results suggest that the PRI reflects only xanthophyll cycle conversion and is therefore a useful parameter for monitoring thylakoid lumen pH (reflecting VDE activity) in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Kohzuma
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Kouki Hikosaka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
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10
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Armbruster U, Correa Galvis V, Kunz HH, Strand DD. The regulation of the chloroplast proton motive force plays a key role for photosynthesis in fluctuating light. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 37:56-62. [PMID: 28426975 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plants use sunlight as their primary energy source. During photosynthesis, absorbed light energy generates reducing power by driving electron transfer reactions. These are coupled to the transfer of protons into the thylakoid lumen, generating a proton motive force (pmf) required for ATP synthesis. Sudden alterations in light availability have to be met by regulatory mechanisms to avoid the over-accumulation of reactive intermediates and maximize energy efficiency. Here, the acidification of the lumen, as an intermediate product of photosynthesis, plays an important role by regulating photosynthesis in response to excitation energy levels. Recent findings reveal pmf regulation and the modulation of its composition as key determinants for efficient photosynthesis, plant growth, and survival in fluctuating light environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Armbruster
- Regulation of Photosynthesis Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Viviana Correa Galvis
- Regulation of Photosynthesis Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Hans-Henning Kunz
- Plant Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, P.O. Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA
| | - Deserah D Strand
- Organelle Biology and Biotechnology Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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11
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Alric J, Johnson X. Alternative electron transport pathways in photosynthesis: a confluence of regulation. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 37:78-86. [PMID: 28426976 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic reactions proceed along a linear electron transfer chain linking water oxidation at photosystem II (PSII) to CO2 reduction in the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle. Alternative pathways poise the electron carriers along the chain in response to changing light, temperature and CO2 inputs, under prolonged hydration stress and during development. We describe recent literature that reports the physiological functions of new molecular players. Such highlights include the flavodiiron proteins and their important role in the green lineage. The parsing of the proton-motive force between ΔpH and Δψ, regulated in many different ways (cyclic electron flow, ATPsynthase conductivity, ion/H+ transporters), is comprehensively reported. This review focuses on an integrated description of alternative electron transfer pathways and how they contribute to photosynthetic productivity in the context of plant fitness to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Alric
- CEA, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, UMR 7265, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F-13108, France
| | - Xenie Johnson
- CEA, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, UMR 7265, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F-13108, France.
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12
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Graham SW, Lam VKY, Merckx VSFT. Plastomes on the edge: the evolutionary breakdown of mycoheterotroph plastid genomes. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 214:48-55. [PMID: 28067952 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Contents 48 I. 48 II. 50 III. 53 54 References 54 SUMMARY: We examine recent evidence for ratchet-like genome degradation in mycoheterotrophs, plants that obtain nutrition from fungi. Initial loss of the NADH dehydrogenase-like (NDH) complex may often set off an irreversible evolutionary cascade of photosynthetic gene losses. Genes for plastid-encoded subunits of RNA polymerase and photosynthetic enzymes with secondary functions (Rubisco and ATP synthase) can persist initially, with nonsynchronous and quite broad windows in the relative timing of their loss. Delayed losses of five core nonbioenergetic genes (especially trnE and accD, which respectively code for glutamyl tRNA and a subunit of acetyl-CoA carboxylase) probably explain long-term persistence of heterotrophic plastomes. The observed range of changes of mycoheterotroph plastomes is similar to that of holoparasites, although greater diversity of both probably remains to be discovered. These patterns of gene loss/retention can inform research programs on plastome function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean W Graham
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Vivienne K Y Lam
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Vincent S F T Merckx
- Understanding Evolution Group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Vondellaan 55, 2332 AA, Leiden, the Netherlands
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13
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Kohzuma K, Sato Y, Ito H, Okuzaki A, Watanabe M, Kobayashi H, Nakano M, Yamatani H, Masuda Y, Nagashima Y, Fukuoka H, Yamada T, Kanazawa A, Kitamura K, Tabei Y, Ikeuchi M, Sakamoto W, Tanaka A, Kusaba M. The Non-Mendelian Green Cotyledon Gene in Soybean Encodes a Small Subunit of Photosystem II. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 173:2138-2147. [PMID: 28235890 PMCID: PMC5373049 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll degradation plays important roles in leaf senescence including regulation of degradation of chlorophyll-binding proteins. Although most genes encoding enzymes of the chlorophyll degradation pathway have been identified, the regulation of their activity has not been fully understood. Green cotyledon mutants in legume are stay-green mutants, in which chlorophyll degradation is impaired during leaf senescence and seed maturation. Among them, the soybean (Glycine max) green cotyledon gene cytG is unique because it is maternally inherited. To isolate cytG, we extensively sequenced the soybean chloroplast genome, and detected a 5-bp insertion causing a frame-shift in psbM, which encodes one of the small subunits of photosystem II. Mutant tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum) with a disrupted psbM generated using a chloroplast transformation technique had green senescent leaves, confirming that cytG encodes PsbM. The phenotype of cytG was very similar to that of mutant of chlorophyll b reductase catalyzing the first step of chlorophyll b degradation. In fact, chlorophyll b-degrading activity in dark-grown cytG and psbM-knockout seedlings was significantly lower than that of wild-type plants. Our results suggest that PsbM is a unique protein linking photosynthesis in presenescent leaves with chlorophyll degradation during leaf senescence and seed maturation. Additionally, we discuss the origin of cytG, which may have been selected during domestication of soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Kohzuma
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan (K.K., M.N., H.Y., Y.M., Y.N., M.K.)
- Institute of Crop Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518, Japan (Y.S.)
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan (A.O., Y.T.)
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan (H.I., A.T.)
- Department of Life Sciences (Biology), Graduate School of Art and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan (M.W., M.I.)
- NARO Institute of Vegetable and Tea Science, Tsu, Mie 514-2392, Japan (H.F.)
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan (H.K., T.Y., A.K., K.K.); and
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan (W.S.)
| | - Yutaka Sato
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan (K.K., M.N., H.Y., Y.M., Y.N., M.K.)
- Institute of Crop Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518, Japan (Y.S.)
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan (A.O., Y.T.)
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan (H.I., A.T.)
- Department of Life Sciences (Biology), Graduate School of Art and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan (M.W., M.I.)
- NARO Institute of Vegetable and Tea Science, Tsu, Mie 514-2392, Japan (H.F.)
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan (H.K., T.Y., A.K., K.K.); and
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan (W.S.)
| | - Hisashi Ito
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan (K.K., M.N., H.Y., Y.M., Y.N., M.K.)
- Institute of Crop Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518, Japan (Y.S.)
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan (A.O., Y.T.)
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan (H.I., A.T.)
- Department of Life Sciences (Biology), Graduate School of Art and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan (M.W., M.I.)
- NARO Institute of Vegetable and Tea Science, Tsu, Mie 514-2392, Japan (H.F.)
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan (H.K., T.Y., A.K., K.K.); and
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan (W.S.)
| | - Ayako Okuzaki
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan (K.K., M.N., H.Y., Y.M., Y.N., M.K.)
- Institute of Crop Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518, Japan (Y.S.)
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan (A.O., Y.T.)
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan (H.I., A.T.)
- Department of Life Sciences (Biology), Graduate School of Art and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan (M.W., M.I.)
- NARO Institute of Vegetable and Tea Science, Tsu, Mie 514-2392, Japan (H.F.)
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan (H.K., T.Y., A.K., K.K.); and
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan (W.S.)
| | - Mai Watanabe
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan (K.K., M.N., H.Y., Y.M., Y.N., M.K.)
- Institute of Crop Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518, Japan (Y.S.)
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan (A.O., Y.T.)
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan (H.I., A.T.)
- Department of Life Sciences (Biology), Graduate School of Art and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan (M.W., M.I.)
- NARO Institute of Vegetable and Tea Science, Tsu, Mie 514-2392, Japan (H.F.)
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan (H.K., T.Y., A.K., K.K.); and
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan (W.S.)
| | - Hideki Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan (K.K., M.N., H.Y., Y.M., Y.N., M.K.)
- Institute of Crop Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518, Japan (Y.S.)
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan (A.O., Y.T.)
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan (H.I., A.T.)
- Department of Life Sciences (Biology), Graduate School of Art and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan (M.W., M.I.)
- NARO Institute of Vegetable and Tea Science, Tsu, Mie 514-2392, Japan (H.F.)
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan (H.K., T.Y., A.K., K.K.); and
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan (W.S.)
| | - Michiharu Nakano
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan (K.K., M.N., H.Y., Y.M., Y.N., M.K.)
- Institute of Crop Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518, Japan (Y.S.)
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan (A.O., Y.T.)
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan (H.I., A.T.)
- Department of Life Sciences (Biology), Graduate School of Art and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan (M.W., M.I.)
- NARO Institute of Vegetable and Tea Science, Tsu, Mie 514-2392, Japan (H.F.)
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan (H.K., T.Y., A.K., K.K.); and
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan (W.S.)
| | - Hiroshi Yamatani
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan (K.K., M.N., H.Y., Y.M., Y.N., M.K.)
- Institute of Crop Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518, Japan (Y.S.)
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan (A.O., Y.T.)
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan (H.I., A.T.)
- Department of Life Sciences (Biology), Graduate School of Art and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan (M.W., M.I.)
- NARO Institute of Vegetable and Tea Science, Tsu, Mie 514-2392, Japan (H.F.)
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan (H.K., T.Y., A.K., K.K.); and
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan (W.S.)
| | - Yu Masuda
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan (K.K., M.N., H.Y., Y.M., Y.N., M.K.)
- Institute of Crop Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518, Japan (Y.S.)
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan (A.O., Y.T.)
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan (H.I., A.T.)
- Department of Life Sciences (Biology), Graduate School of Art and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan (M.W., M.I.)
- NARO Institute of Vegetable and Tea Science, Tsu, Mie 514-2392, Japan (H.F.)
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan (H.K., T.Y., A.K., K.K.); and
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan (W.S.)
| | - Yumi Nagashima
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan (K.K., M.N., H.Y., Y.M., Y.N., M.K.)
- Institute of Crop Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518, Japan (Y.S.)
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan (A.O., Y.T.)
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan (H.I., A.T.)
- Department of Life Sciences (Biology), Graduate School of Art and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan (M.W., M.I.)
- NARO Institute of Vegetable and Tea Science, Tsu, Mie 514-2392, Japan (H.F.)
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan (H.K., T.Y., A.K., K.K.); and
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan (W.S.)
| | - Hiroyuki Fukuoka
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan (K.K., M.N., H.Y., Y.M., Y.N., M.K.)
- Institute of Crop Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518, Japan (Y.S.)
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan (A.O., Y.T.)
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan (H.I., A.T.)
- Department of Life Sciences (Biology), Graduate School of Art and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan (M.W., M.I.)
- NARO Institute of Vegetable and Tea Science, Tsu, Mie 514-2392, Japan (H.F.)
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan (H.K., T.Y., A.K., K.K.); and
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan (W.S.)
| | - Tetsuya Yamada
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan (K.K., M.N., H.Y., Y.M., Y.N., M.K.)
- Institute of Crop Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518, Japan (Y.S.)
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan (A.O., Y.T.)
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan (H.I., A.T.)
- Department of Life Sciences (Biology), Graduate School of Art and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan (M.W., M.I.)
- NARO Institute of Vegetable and Tea Science, Tsu, Mie 514-2392, Japan (H.F.)
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan (H.K., T.Y., A.K., K.K.); and
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan (W.S.)
| | - Akira Kanazawa
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan (K.K., M.N., H.Y., Y.M., Y.N., M.K.)
- Institute of Crop Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518, Japan (Y.S.)
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan (A.O., Y.T.)
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan (H.I., A.T.)
- Department of Life Sciences (Biology), Graduate School of Art and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan (M.W., M.I.)
- NARO Institute of Vegetable and Tea Science, Tsu, Mie 514-2392, Japan (H.F.)
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan (H.K., T.Y., A.K., K.K.); and
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan (W.S.)
| | - Keisuke Kitamura
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan (K.K., M.N., H.Y., Y.M., Y.N., M.K.)
- Institute of Crop Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518, Japan (Y.S.)
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan (A.O., Y.T.)
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan (H.I., A.T.)
- Department of Life Sciences (Biology), Graduate School of Art and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan (M.W., M.I.)
- NARO Institute of Vegetable and Tea Science, Tsu, Mie 514-2392, Japan (H.F.)
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan (H.K., T.Y., A.K., K.K.); and
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan (W.S.)
| | - Yutaka Tabei
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan (K.K., M.N., H.Y., Y.M., Y.N., M.K.)
- Institute of Crop Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518, Japan (Y.S.)
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan (A.O., Y.T.)
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan (H.I., A.T.)
- Department of Life Sciences (Biology), Graduate School of Art and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan (M.W., M.I.)
- NARO Institute of Vegetable and Tea Science, Tsu, Mie 514-2392, Japan (H.F.)
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan (H.K., T.Y., A.K., K.K.); and
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan (W.S.)
| | - Masahiko Ikeuchi
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan (K.K., M.N., H.Y., Y.M., Y.N., M.K.)
- Institute of Crop Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518, Japan (Y.S.)
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan (A.O., Y.T.)
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan (H.I., A.T.)
- Department of Life Sciences (Biology), Graduate School of Art and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan (M.W., M.I.)
- NARO Institute of Vegetable and Tea Science, Tsu, Mie 514-2392, Japan (H.F.)
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan (H.K., T.Y., A.K., K.K.); and
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan (W.S.)
| | - Wataru Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan (K.K., M.N., H.Y., Y.M., Y.N., M.K.)
- Institute of Crop Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518, Japan (Y.S.)
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan (A.O., Y.T.)
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan (H.I., A.T.)
- Department of Life Sciences (Biology), Graduate School of Art and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan (M.W., M.I.)
- NARO Institute of Vegetable and Tea Science, Tsu, Mie 514-2392, Japan (H.F.)
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan (H.K., T.Y., A.K., K.K.); and
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan (W.S.)
| | - Ayumi Tanaka
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan (K.K., M.N., H.Y., Y.M., Y.N., M.K.)
- Institute of Crop Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518, Japan (Y.S.)
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan (A.O., Y.T.)
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan (H.I., A.T.)
- Department of Life Sciences (Biology), Graduate School of Art and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan (M.W., M.I.)
- NARO Institute of Vegetable and Tea Science, Tsu, Mie 514-2392, Japan (H.F.)
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan (H.K., T.Y., A.K., K.K.); and
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan (W.S.)
| | - Makoto Kusaba
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan (K.K., M.N., H.Y., Y.M., Y.N., M.K.);
- Institute of Crop Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518, Japan (Y.S.);
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan (A.O., Y.T.);
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan (H.I., A.T.);
- Department of Life Sciences (Biology), Graduate School of Art and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan (M.W., M.I.);
- NARO Institute of Vegetable and Tea Science, Tsu, Mie 514-2392, Japan (H.F.);
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan (H.K., T.Y., A.K., K.K.); and
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan (W.S.)
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14
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Cao X, Fan G, Dong Y, Zhao Z, Deng M, Wang Z, Liu W. Proteome Profiling of Paulownia Seedlings Infected with Phytoplasma. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:342. [PMID: 28344590 PMCID: PMC5344924 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Phytoplasma is an insect-transmitted pathogen that causes witches' broom disease in many plants. Paulownia witches' broom is one of the most destructive diseases threatening Paulownia production. The molecular mechanisms associated with this disease have been investigated by transcriptome sequencing, but changes in protein abundance have not been investigated with isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation. Previous results have shown that methyl methane sulfonate (MMS) can help Paulownia seedlings recover from the symptoms of witches' broom and reinstate a healthy morphology. In this study, a transcriptomic-assisted proteomic technique was used to analyze the protein changes in phytoplasma-infected Paulownia tomentosa seedlings, phytoplasma-infected seedlings treated with 20 and 60 mg·L-1 MMS, and healthy seedlings. A total of 2,051 proteins were obtained, 879 of which were found to be differentially abundant in pairwise comparisons between the sample groups. Among the differentially abundant proteins, 43 were related to Paulownia witches' broom disease and many of them were annotated to be involved in photosynthesis, expression of dwarf symptom, energy production, and cell signal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xibing Cao
- Institute of Paulownia, Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou, China
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Guoqiang Fan
- Institute of Paulownia, Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou, China
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Yanpeng Dong
- Institute of Paulownia, Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou, China
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenli Zhao
- Institute of Paulownia, Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou, China
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Minjie Deng
- Institute of Paulownia, Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou, China
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Institute of Paulownia, Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Wenshan Liu
- Institute of Paulownia, Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou, China
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou, China
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15
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Kohzuma K, Froehlich JE, Davis GA, Temple JA, Minhas D, Dhingra A, Cruz JA, Kramer DM. The Role of Light-Dark Regulation of the Chloroplast ATP Synthase. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1248. [PMID: 28791032 PMCID: PMC5522872 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The chloroplast ATP synthase catalyzes the light-driven synthesis of ATP and is activated in the light and inactivated in the dark by redox-modulation through the thioredoxin system. It has been proposed that this down-regulation is important for preventing wasteful hydrolysis of ATP in the dark. To test this proposal, we compared the effects of extended dark exposure in Arabidopsis lines expressing the wild-type and mutant forms of ATP synthase that are redox regulated or constitutively active. In contrast to the predictions of the model, we observed that plants with wild-type redox regulation lost photosynthetic capacity rapidly in darkness, whereas those expressing redox-insensitive form were far more stable. To explain these results, we propose that in wild-type plants, down-regulation of ATP synthase inhibits ATP hydrolysis, leading to dissipation of thylakoid proton motive force (pmf) and subsequent inhibition of protein transport across the thylakoid through the twin arginine transporter (Tat)-dependent and Sec-dependent import pathways, resulting in the selective loss of specific protein complexes. By contrast, in mutants with a redox-insensitive ATP synthase, pmf is maintained by ATP hydrolysis, thus allowing protein transport to maintain photosynthetic activities for extended periods in the dark. Hence, a basal level of Tat-dependent, as well as, Sec-dependent import activity, in the dark helps replenishes certain components of the photosynthetic complexes and thereby aids in maintaining overall complex activity. However, the influence of a dark pmf on thylakoid protein import, by itself, could not explain all the effects we observed in this study. For example, we also observed in wild type plants a large transient buildup of thylakoid pmf and nonphotochemical exciton quenching upon sudden illumination of dark adapted plants. Therefore, we conclude that down-regulation of the ATP synthase is probably not related to preventing loss of ATP per se. Instead, ATP synthase redox regulation may be impacting a number of cellular processes such as (1) the accumulation of chloroplast proteins and/or ions or (2) the responses of photosynthesis to rapid changes in light intensity. A model highlighting the complex interplay between ATP synthase regulation and pmf in maintaining various chloroplast functions in the dark is presented. Significance Statement: We uncover an unexpected role for thioredoxin modulation of the chloroplast ATP synthase in regulating the dark-stability of the photosynthetic apparatus, most likely by controlling thylakoid membrane transport of proteins and ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Kohzuma
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East LansingMI, United States
| | - John E. Froehlich
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East LansingMI, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East LansingMI, United States
- *Correspondence: John E. Froehlich,
| | - Geoffry A. Davis
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East LansingMI, United States
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East LansingMI, United States
| | - Joshua A. Temple
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East LansingMI, United States
| | - Deepika Minhas
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Washington State University, WashingtonDC, United States
| | - Amit Dhingra
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Washington State University, WashingtonDC, United States
| | - Jeffrey A. Cruz
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East LansingMI, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East LansingMI, United States
| | - David M. Kramer
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East LansingMI, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East LansingMI, United States
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16
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Davis GA, Kanazawa A, Schöttler MA, Kohzuma K, Froehlich JE, Rutherford AW, Satoh-Cruz M, Minhas D, Tietz S, Dhingra A, Kramer DM. Limitations to photosynthesis by proton motive force-induced photosystem II photodamage. eLife 2016. [PMID: 27697149 DOI: 10.7554/elife.16921.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The thylakoid proton motive force (pmf) generated during photosynthesis is the essential driving force for ATP production; it is also a central regulator of light capture and electron transfer. We investigated the effects of elevated pmf on photosynthesis in a library of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with altered rates of thylakoid lumen proton efflux, leading to a range of steady-state pmf extents. We observed the expected pmf-dependent alterations in photosynthetic regulation, but also strong effects on the rate of photosystem II (PSII) photodamage. Detailed analyses indicate this effect is related to an elevated electric field (Δψ) component of the pmf, rather than lumen acidification, which in vivo increased PSII charge recombination rates, producing singlet oxygen and subsequent photodamage. The effects are seen even in wild type plants, especially under fluctuating illumination, suggesting that Δψ-induced photodamage represents a previously unrecognized limiting factor for plant productivity under dynamic environmental conditions seen in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffry A Davis
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
- Graduate Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | - Atsuko Kanazawa
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | | | - Kaori Kohzuma
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | - John E Froehlich
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | | | - Mio Satoh-Cruz
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | - Deepika Minhas
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, United States
| | - Stefanie Tietz
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | - Amit Dhingra
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, United States
| | - David M Kramer
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
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Davis GA, Kanazawa A, Schöttler MA, Kohzuma K, Froehlich JE, Rutherford AW, Satoh-Cruz M, Minhas D, Tietz S, Dhingra A, Kramer DM. Limitations to photosynthesis by proton motive force-induced photosystem II photodamage. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27697149 PMCID: PMC5050024 DOI: 10.7554/elife.16921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The thylakoid proton motive force (pmf) generated during photosynthesis is the essential driving force for ATP production; it is also a central regulator of light capture and electron transfer. We investigated the effects of elevated pmf on photosynthesis in a library of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with altered rates of thylakoid lumen proton efflux, leading to a range of steady-state pmf extents. We observed the expected pmf-dependent alterations in photosynthetic regulation, but also strong effects on the rate of photosystem II (PSII) photodamage. Detailed analyses indicate this effect is related to an elevated electric field (Δψ) component of the pmf, rather than lumen acidification, which in vivo increased PSII charge recombination rates, producing singlet oxygen and subsequent photodamage. The effects are seen even in wild type plants, especially under fluctuating illumination, suggesting that Δψ-induced photodamage represents a previously unrecognized limiting factor for plant productivity under dynamic environmental conditions seen in the field. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.16921.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffry A Davis
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States.,Graduate Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | - Atsuko Kanazawa
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | | | - Kaori Kohzuma
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | - John E Froehlich
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | | | - Mio Satoh-Cruz
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | - Deepika Minhas
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, United States
| | - Stefanie Tietz
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | - Amit Dhingra
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, United States
| | - David M Kramer
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
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Kuhlgert S, Austic G, Zegarac R, Osei-Bonsu I, Hoh D, Chilvers MI, Roth MG, Bi K, TerAvest D, Weebadde P, Kramer DM. MultispeQ Beta: a tool for large-scale plant phenotyping connected to the open PhotosynQ network. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2016; 3:160592. [PMID: 27853580 PMCID: PMC5099005 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.160592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale high-throughput plant phenotyping (sometimes called phenomics) is becoming increasingly important in plant biology and agriculture and is essential to cutting-edge plant breeding and management approaches needed to meet the food and fuel needs for the next century. Currently, the application of these approaches is severely limited by the availability of appropriate instrumentation and by the ability to communicate experimental protocols, results and analyses. To address these issues, we have developed a low-cost, yet sophisticated open-source scientific instrument designed to enable communities of researchers, plant breeders, educators, farmers and citizen scientists to collect high-quality field data on a large scale. The MultispeQ provides measurements in the field or laboratory of both, environmental conditions (light intensity and quality, temperature, humidity, CO2 levels, time and location) and useful plant phenotypes, including photosynthetic parameters-photosystem II quantum yield (ΦII), non-photochemical exciton quenching (NPQ), photosystem II photoinhibition, light-driven proton translocation and thylakoid proton motive force, regulation of the chloroplast ATP synthase and potentially many others-and leaf chlorophyll and other pigments. Plant phenotype data are transmitted from the MultispeQ to mobile devices, laptops or desktop computers together with key metadata that gets saved to the PhotosynQ platform (https://photosynq.org) and provides a suite of web-based tools for sharing, visualization, filtering, dissemination and analyses. We present validation experiments, comparing MultispeQ results with established platforms, and show that it can be usefully deployed in both laboratory and field settings. We present evidence that MultispeQ can be used by communities of researchers to rapidly measure, store and analyse multiple environmental and plant properties, allowing for deeper understanding of the complex interactions between plants and their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kuhlgert
- MSU-DOE-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Greg Austic
- MSU-DOE-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Robert Zegarac
- MSU-DOE-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Isaac Osei-Bonsu
- MSU-DOE-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Donghee Hoh
- MSU-DOE-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Martin I. Chilvers
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Genetics Graduate Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Mitchell G. Roth
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Genetics Graduate Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Kevin Bi
- MSU-DOE-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Dan TerAvest
- MSU-DOE-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - David M. Kramer
- MSU-DOE-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Author for correspondence: David M. Kramer e-mail:
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Kambakam S, Bhattacharjee U, Petrich J, Rodermel S. PTOX Mediates Novel Pathways of Electron Transport in Etioplasts of Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2016; 9:1240-1259. [PMID: 27353362 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The immutans (im) variegation mutant of Arabidopsis defines the gene for PTOX (plastid terminal oxidase), a versatile plastoquinol oxidase in chloroplast membranes. In this report we used im to gain insight into the function of PTOX in etioplasts of dark-grown seedlings. We discovered that PTOX helps control the redox state of the plastoquinone (PQ) pool in these organelles, and that it plays an essential role in etioplast metabolism by participating in the desaturation reactions of carotenogenesis and in one or more redox pathways mediated by PGR5 (PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION 5) and NDH (NAD(P)H dehydrogenase), both of which are central players in cyclic electron transport. We propose that these elements couple PTOX with electron flow from NAD(P)H to oxygen, and by analogy to chlororespiration (in chloroplasts) and chromorespiration (in chromoplasts), we suggest that they define a respiratory process in etioplasts that we have termed "etiorespiration". We further show that the redox state of the PQ pool in etioplasts might control chlorophyll biosynthesis, perhaps by participating in mechanisms of retrograde (plastid-to-nucleus) signaling that coordinate biosynthetic and photoprotective activities required to poise the etioplast for light development. We conclude that PTOX is an important component of metabolism and redox sensing in etioplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sekhar Kambakam
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, 445 Bessey Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | | | - Jacob Petrich
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Steve Rodermel
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, 445 Bessey Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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20
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Carrillo LR, Froehlich JE, Cruz JA, Savage LJ, Kramer DM. Multi-level regulation of the chloroplast ATP synthase: the chloroplast NADPH thioredoxin reductase C (NTRC) is required for redox modulation specifically under low irradiance. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 87:654-63. [PMID: 27233821 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The chloroplast ATP synthase is known to be regulated by redox modulation of a disulfide bridge on the γ-subunit through the ferredoxin-thioredoxin regulatory system. We show that a second enzyme, the recently identified chloroplast NADPH thioredoxin reductase C (NTRC), plays a role specifically at low irradiance. Arabidopsis mutants lacking NTRC (ntrc) displayed a striking photosynthetic phenotype in which feedback regulation of the light reactions was strongly activated at low light, but returned to wild-type levels as irradiance was increased. This effect was caused by an altered redox state of the γ-subunit under low, but not high, light. The low light-specific decrease in ATP synthase activity in ntrc resulted in a buildup of the thylakoid proton motive force with subsequent activation of non-photochemical quenching and downregulation of linear electron flow. We conclude that NTRC provides redox modulation at low light using the relatively oxidizing substrate NADPH, whereas the canonical ferredoxin-thioredoxin system can take over at higher light, when reduced ferredoxin can accumulate. Based on these results, we reassess previous models for ATP synthase regulation and propose that NTRC is most likely regulated by light. We also find that ntrc is highly sensitive to rapidly changing light intensities that probably do not involve the chloroplast ATP synthase, implicating this system in multiple photosynthetic processes, particularly under fluctuating environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ruby Carrillo
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, 612 Wilson Road, Rm 106, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, 612 Wilson Road, Rm 106, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - John E Froehlich
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, 612 Wilson Road, Rm 106, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, 612 Wilson Road, Rm 106, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Cruz
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, 612 Wilson Road, Rm 106, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Linda J Savage
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, 612 Wilson Road, Rm 106, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - David M Kramer
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, 612 Wilson Road, Rm 106, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, 612 Wilson Road, Rm 106, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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Okegawa Y, Koshino M, Okushima T, Motohashi K. Application of preparative disk gel electrophoresis for antigen purification from inclusion bodies. Protein Expr Purif 2015; 118:77-82. [PMID: 26494602 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Specific antibodies are a reliable tool to examine protein expression patterns and to determine the protein localizations within cells. Generally, recombinant proteins are used as antigens for specific antibody production. However, recombinant proteins from mammals and plants are often overexpressed as insoluble inclusion bodies in Escherichia coli. Solubilization of these inclusion bodies is desirable because soluble antigens are more suitable for injection into animals to be immunized. Furthermore, highly purified proteins are also required for specific antibody production. Plastidic acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase: EC 6.4.1.2) from Arabidopsis thaliana, which catalyzes the formation of malonyl-CoA from acetyl-CoA in chloroplasts, formed inclusion bodies when the recombinant protein was overexpressed in E. coli. To obtain the purified protein to use as an antigen, we applied preparative disk gel electrophoresis for protein purification from inclusion bodies. This method is suitable for antigen preparation from inclusion bodies because the purified protein is recovered as a soluble fraction in electrode running buffer containing 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate that can be directly injected into immune animals, and it can be used for large-scale antigen preparation (several tens of milligrams).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Okegawa
- Department of Bioresource and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo Motoyama, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Masanori Koshino
- Department of Bioresource and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo Motoyama, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Teruya Okushima
- Department of Bioresource and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo Motoyama, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Ken Motohashi
- Department of Bioresource and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo Motoyama, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan.
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Kamikawa R, Tanifuji G, Ishikawa SA, Ishii KI, Matsuno Y, Onodera NT, Ishida KI, Hashimoto T, Miyashita H, Mayama S, Inagaki Y. Proposal of a Twin Aarginine Translocator System-Mediated Constraint against Loss of ATP Synthase Genes from Nonphotosynthetic Plastid Genomes. Mol Biol Evol 2015; 32:2598-604. [DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msv134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Schöttler MA, Tóth SZ, Boulouis A, Kahlau S. Photosynthetic complex stoichiometry dynamics in higher plants: biogenesis, function, and turnover of ATP synthase and the cytochrome b6f complex. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:2373-400. [PMID: 25540437 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
During plant development and in response to fluctuating environmental conditions, large changes in leaf assimilation capacity and in the metabolic consumption of ATP and NADPH produced by the photosynthetic apparatus can occur. To minimize cytotoxic side reactions, such as the production of reactive oxygen species, photosynthetic electron transport needs to be adjusted to the metabolic demand. The cytochrome b6f complex and chloroplast ATP synthase form the predominant sites of photosynthetic flux control. Accordingly, both respond strongly to changing environmental conditions and metabolic states. Usually, their contents are strictly co-regulated. Thereby, the capacity for proton influx into the lumen, which is controlled by electron flux through the cytochrome b6f complex, is balanced with proton efflux through ATP synthase, which drives ATP synthesis. We discuss the environmental, systemic, and metabolic signals triggering the stoichiometry adjustments of ATP synthase and the cytochrome b6f complex. The contribution of transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of subunit synthesis, and the importance of auxiliary proteins required for complex assembly in achieving the stoichiometry adjustments is described. Finally, current knowledge on the stability and turnover of both complexes is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Aurel Schöttler
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Szilvia Z Tóth
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alix Boulouis
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Sabine Kahlau
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Rühle T, Leister D. Assembly of F1F0-ATP synthases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:849-60. [PMID: 25667968 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
F1F0-ATP synthases are multimeric protein complexes and common prerequisites for their correct assembly are (i) provision of subunits in appropriate relative amounts, (ii) coordination of membrane insertion and (iii) avoidance of assembly intermediates that uncouple the proton gradient or wastefully hydrolyse ATP. Accessory factors facilitate these goals and assembly occurs in a modular fashion. Subcomplexes common to bacteria and mitochondria, but in part still elusive in chloroplasts, include a soluble F1 intermediate, a membrane-intrinsic, oligomeric c-ring, and a membrane-embedded subcomplex composed of stator subunits and subunit a. The final assembly step is thought to involve association of the preformed F1-c10-14 with the ab2 module (or the ab8-stator module in mitochondria)--mediated by binding of subunit δ in bacteria or OSCP in mitochondria, respectively. Despite the common evolutionary origin of F1F0-ATP synthases, the set of auxiliary factors required for their assembly in bacteria, mitochondria and chloroplasts shows clear signs of evolutionary divergence. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Chloroplast Biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilo Rühle
- Plant Molecular Biology (Botany), Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Großhaderner Straße 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Dario Leister
- Plant Molecular Biology (Botany), Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Großhaderner Straße 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
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Renato M, Boronat A, Azcón-Bieto J. Respiratory processes in non-photosynthetic plastids. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:496. [PMID: 26236317 PMCID: PMC4505080 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Chlororespiration is a respiratory process located in chloroplast thylakoids which consists in an electron transport chain from NAD(P)H to oxygen. This respiratory chain involves the NAD(P)H dehydrogenase complex, the plastoquinone pool and the plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX), and it probably acts as a safety valve to prevent the over-reduction of the photosynthetic machinery in stress conditions. The existence of a similar respiratory activity in non-photosynthetic plastids has been less studied. Recently, it has been reported that tomato fruit chromoplasts present an oxygen consumption activity linked to ATP synthesis. Etioplasts and amyloplasts contain several electron carriers and some subunits of the ATP synthase, so they could harbor a similar respiratory process. This review provides an update on the study about respiratory processes in chromoplasts, identifying the major gaps that need to be addressed in future research. It also reviews the proteomic data of etioplasts and amyloplasts, which suggest the presence of a respiratory electron transport chain in these plastids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Renato
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre de Recerca en Agrigenòmica, Consorci CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Albert Boronat
- Centre de Recerca en Agrigenòmica, Consorci CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquín Azcón-Bieto
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Joaquín Azcón-Bieto, Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain,
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Hisabori T, Sunamura EI, Kim Y, Konno H. The chloroplast ATP synthase features the characteristic redox regulation machinery. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:1846-54. [PMID: 23145525 PMCID: PMC3837435 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.5044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Regulation of the activity of the chloroplast ATP synthase is largely accomplished by the chloroplast thioredoxin system, the main redox regulation system in chloroplasts, which is directly coupled to the photosynthetic reaction. We review the current understanding of the redox regulation system of the chloroplast ATP synthase. RECENT ADVANCES The thioredoxin-targeted portion of the ATP synthase consists of two cysteines located on the central axis subunit γ. The redox state of these two cysteines is under the influence of chloroplast thioredoxin, which directly controls rotation during catalysis by inducing a conformational change in this subunit. The molecular mechanism of redox regulation of the chloroplast ATP synthase has recently been determined. CRITICAL ISSUES Regulation of the activity of the chloroplast ATP synthase is critical in driving efficiency into the ATP synthesis reaction in chloroplasts. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The molecular architecture of the chloroplast ATP synthase, which confers redox regulatory properties requires further investigation, in light of the molecular structure of the enzyme complex as well as the physiological significance of the regulation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Hisabori
- 1 Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology , Yokohama, Japan
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27
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Kong M, Wang F, Yang Z, Mi H. ATPG is required for the accumulation and function of chloroplast ATP synthase in Arabidopsis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-013-5916-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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28
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Pateraki I, Renato M, Azcón-Bieto J, Boronat A. An ATP synthase harboring an atypical γ-subunit is involved in ATP synthesis in tomato fruit chromoplasts. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 74:74-85. [PMID: 23302027 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Chromoplasts are non-photosynthetic plastids specialized in the synthesis and accumulation of carotenoids. During fruit ripening, chloroplasts differentiate into photosynthetically inactive chromoplasts in a process characterized by the degradation of the thylakoid membranes, and by the active synthesis and accumulation of carotenoids. This transition renders chromoplasts unable to photochemically synthesize ATP, and therefore these organelles need to obtain the ATP required for anabolic processes through alternative sources. It is widely accepted that the ATP used for biosynthetic processes in non-photosynthetic plastids is imported from the cytosol or is obtained through glycolysis. In this work, however, we show that isolated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit chromoplasts are able to synthesize ATP de novo through a respiratory pathway using NADPH as an electron donor. We also report the involvement of a plastidial ATP synthase harboring an atypical γ-subunit induced during ripening, which lacks the regulatory dithiol domain present in plant and algae chloroplast γ-subunits. Silencing of this atypical γ-subunit during fruit ripening impairs the capacity of isolated chromoplast to synthesize ATP de novo. We propose that the replacement of the γ-subunit present in tomato leaf and green fruit chloroplasts by the atypical γ-subunit lacking the dithiol domain during fruit ripening reflects evolutionary changes, which allow the operation of chromoplast ATP synthase under the particular physiological conditions found in this organelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irini Pateraki
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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Kohzuma K, Dal Bosco C, Meurer J, Kramer DM. Light- and metabolism-related regulation of the chloroplast ATP synthase has distinct mechanisms and functions. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:13156-63. [PMID: 23486473 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.453225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The chloroplast CF0-CF1-ATP synthase (ATP synthase) is activated in the light and inactivated in the dark by thioredoxin-mediated redox modulation of a disulfide bridge on its γ subunit. The activity of the ATP synthase is also fine-tuned during steady-state photosynthesis in response to metabolic changes, e.g. altering CO2 levels to adjust the thylakoid proton gradient and thus the regulation of light harvesting and electron transfer. The mechanism of this fine-tuning is unknown. We test here the possibility that it also involves redox modulation. We found that modifying the Arabidopsis thaliana γ subunit by mutating three highly conserved acidic amino acids, D211V, E212L, and E226L, resulted in a mutant, termed mothra, in which ATP synthase which lacked light-dark regulation had relatively small effects on maximal activity in vivo. In situ equilibrium redox titrations and thiol redox-sensitive labeling studies showed that the γ subunit disulfide/sulfhydryl couple in the modified ATP synthase has a more reducing redox potential and thus remains predominantly oxidized under physiological conditions, implying that the highly conserved acidic residues in the γ subunit influence thiol redox potential. In contrast to its altered light-dark regulation, mothra retained wild-type fine-tuning of ATP synthase activity in response to changes in ambient CO2 concentrations, indicating that the light-dark- and metabolic-related regulation occur through different mechanisms, possibly via small molecule allosteric effectors or covalent modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Kohzuma
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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