1
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Nair PS, Zadeh-Haghighi H, Simon C. Radical pair model for magnetic field effects on NMDA receptor activity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3628. [PMID: 38351304 PMCID: PMC10864372 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54343-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor is a prominent player in brain development and functioning. Perturbations to its functioning through external stimuli like magnetic fields can potentially affect the brain in numerous ways. Various studies have shown that magnetic fields of varying strengths affect these receptors. We propose that the radical pair mechanism, a quantum mechanical process, could explain some of these field effects. Radicals of the form [Formula: see text], where R is a protein residue that can be Serine or Tyrosine, are considered for this study. The variation in the singlet fractional yield of the radical pairs, as a function of magnetic field strength, is calculated to understand how the magnetic field affects the products of the radical pair reactions. Based on the results, the radical pair mechanism is a likely candidate for explaining the magnetic field effects observed on the receptor activity. The model predicts changes in the behaviour of the system as magnetic field strength is varied and also predicts certain isotope effects. The results further suggest that similar effects on radical pairs could be a plausible explanation for various magnetic field effects within the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvathy S Nair
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517507, India.
| | - Hadi Zadeh-Haghighi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Christoph Simon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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2
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Uzhytchak M, Smolková B, Frtús A, Stupakov A, Lunova M, Scollo F, Hof M, Jurkiewicz P, Sullivan GJ, Dejneka A, Lunov O. Sensitivity of endogenous autofluorescence in HeLa cells to the application of external magnetic fields. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10818. [PMID: 37402779 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38015-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dramatically increased levels of electromagnetic radiation in the environment have raised concerns over the potential health hazards of electromagnetic fields. Various biological effects of magnetic fields have been proposed. Despite decades of intensive research, the molecular mechanisms procuring cellular responses remain largely unknown. The current literature is conflicting with regards to evidence that magnetic fields affect functionality directly at the cellular level. Therefore, a search for potential direct cellular effects of magnetic fields represents a cornerstone that may propose an explanation for potential health hazards associated with magnetic fields. It has been proposed that autofluorescence of HeLa cells is magnetic field sensitive, relying on single-cell imaging kinetic measurements. Here, we investigate the magnetic field sensitivity of an endogenous autofluorescence in HeLa cells. Under the experimental conditions used, magnetic field sensitivity of an endogenous autofluorescence was not observed in HeLa cells. We present a number of arguments indicating why this is the case in the analysis of magnetic field effects based on the imaging of cellular autofluorescence decay. Our work indicates that new methods are required to elucidate the effects of magnetic fields at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Uzhytchak
- Department of Optical and Biophysical Systems, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 18221, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Smolková
- Department of Optical and Biophysical Systems, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 18221, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Frtús
- Department of Optical and Biophysical Systems, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 18221, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandr Stupakov
- Department of Optical and Biophysical Systems, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 18221, Czech Republic
| | - Mariia Lunova
- Department of Optical and Biophysical Systems, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 18221, Czech Republic
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Prague, 14021, Czech Republic
| | - Federica Scollo
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 18223, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hof
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 18223, Czech Republic
| | - Piotr Jurkiewicz
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 18223, Czech Republic
| | - Gareth John Sullivan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexandr Dejneka
- Department of Optical and Biophysical Systems, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 18221, Czech Republic
| | - Oleg Lunov
- Department of Optical and Biophysical Systems, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 18221, Czech Republic.
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3
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Deng L, Bhat IH, Guo AM. Spin-selectivity effect of G-quadruplex DNA molecules. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:244116. [PMID: 37377158 DOI: 10.1063/5.0156389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chirality-induced spin selectivity has been attracting extensive interest in recent years and is demonstrated in a variety of chiral molecules, all of which arise from inherent molecular chirality. Here, we first propose a theoretical model to study the spin-dependent electron transport along guanine-quadruplex (G4) DNA molecules, connected to two nonmagnetic electrodes, by considering the molecule-electrode contact and weak spin-orbit coupling. Our results indicate that the G4-DNA molecular junctions exhibit pronounced spin-selectivity effect, and the asymmetric contact-induced external chirality, instead of the inherent molecular chirality, dominates their spin filtration efficiency. Furthermore, the spin-selectivity effect is robust against the disorder and hold in a wide range of model parameters. These results could be checked by charge transport measurements and provide an alternative way to improve the spin-selectivity effect of chiral nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Deng
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Irfan Hussain Bhat
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Ai-Min Guo
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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4
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Binhi VN. Statistical Amplification of the Effects of Weak Magnetic Fields in Cellular Translation. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050724. [PMID: 36899858 PMCID: PMC10000676 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We assume that the enzymatic processes of recognition of amino acids and their addition to the synthesized molecule in cellular translation include the formation of intermediate pairs of radicals with spin-correlated electrons. The mathematical model presented describes the changes in the probability of incorrectly synthesized molecules in response to a change in the external weak magnetic field. A relatively high chance of errors has been shown to arise from the statistical enhancement of the low probability of local incorporation errors. This statistical mechanism does not require a long thermal relaxation time of electron spins of about 1 μs-a conjecture often used to match theoretical models of magnetoreception with experiments. The statistical mechanism allows for experimental verification by testing the usual Radical Pair Mechanism properties. In addition, this mechanism localizes the site where magnetic effects originate, the ribosome, which makes it possible to verify it by biochemical methods. This mechanism predicts a random nature of the nonspecific effects caused by weak and hypomagnetic fields and agrees with the diversity of biological responses to a weak magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N Binhi
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
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5
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Hollar DW. The competition of ecological resonances in the quantum metabolic model of cancer: Potential energetic interventions. Biosystems 2022; 222:104798. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2022.104798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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6
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Ronniger M, Aguida B, Stacke C, Chen Y, Ehnert S, Erdmann N, Eschenburg G, Falldorf K, Pooam M, Wing A, Ahmad M. A Novel Method to Achieve Precision and Reproducibility in Exposure Parameters for Low-Frequency Pulsed Magnetic Fields in Human Cell Cultures. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9100595. [PMID: 36290562 PMCID: PMC9598188 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9100595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-MF) exposure on living systems have been widely studied at the fundamental level and also claimed as beneficial for the treatment of diseases for over 50 years. However, the underlying mechanisms and cellular targets of ELF-MF exposure remain poorly understood and the field has been plagued with controversy stemming from an endemic lack of reproducibility of published findings. To address this problem, we here demonstrate a technically simple and reproducible EMF exposure protocol to achieve a standardized experimental approach which can be readily adopted in any lab. As an assay system, we chose a commercially available inflammatory model human cell line; its response to magnetic fields involves changes in gene expression which can be monitored by a simple colorimetric reporter gene assay. The cells were seeded and cultured in microplates and inserted into a custom-built, semi-automated incubation and exposure system which accurately controls the incubation (temperature, humidity, CO2) and magnetic-field exposure conditions. A specific alternating magnetic field (<1.0% spatial variance) including far-field reduction provided defined exposure conditions at the position of each well of the microplate. To avoid artifacts, all environmental and magnetic-field exposure parameters were logged in real time throughout the duration of the experiment. Under these extensively controlled conditions, the effect of the magnetic field on the cell cultures as assayed by the standardized operating procedure was highly reproducible between experiments. As we could fully define the characteristics (frequency, intensity, duration) of the pulsed magnetic field signals at the position of the sample well, we were, for the first time, able to accurately determine the effect of changing single ELF-MF parameters such as signal shape, frequency, intensity and duty cycle on the biological response. One signal in particular (10 Hz, 50% duty cycle, rectangular, bipolar, 39.6μT) provided a significant reduction in cytokine reporter gene expression by 37% in our model cell culture line. In sum, the accuracy, environmental control and data-logging capacity of the semi-automated exposure system should greatly facilitate research into fundamental cellular response mechanisms and achieve the consistency necessary to bring ELF-MF/PEMF research results into the scientific mainstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ronniger
- Sachtleben GmbH, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (M.A.); Tel.: +49-408-060-961-25 (M.R.); +33-014-427-2916 (M.A.)
| | - Blanche Aguida
- Photobiology Research Group, Sorbonne Université CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Yangmengfan Chen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Sabrina Ehnert
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | | | | | | | - Marootpong Pooam
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Margaret Ahmad
- Photobiology Research Group, Sorbonne Université CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (M.A.); Tel.: +49-408-060-961-25 (M.R.); +33-014-427-2916 (M.A.)
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7
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Liu X, Pollner B, Paulitsch-Fuchs AH, Fuchs EC, Dyer NP, Loiskandl W, Lass-Flörl C. Investigation of the effect of sustainable magnetic treatment on the microbiological communities in drinking water. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 213:113638. [PMID: 35705130 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The drinking water scarcity is posing a threat to mankind, hence better water quality management methods are required. Magnetic water treatment, which has been reported to improve aesthetic water quality and reduce scaling problems, can be an important addition to the traditional disinfectant dependent treatment. Despite the extensive market application opportunities, the effect of magnetic fields on (microbial) drinking water communities and subsequently the biostability is still largely unexplored, although the first patent was registered already 1945. Here flow cytometry was applied to assess the effect of weak magnetic fields (≤10 G) with strong gradients (≈800 G/m) on drinking water microbial communities. Drinking water was collected from the tap and placed inside the magnetic field (treated) and 5 m away from the magnet to avoid any background interferences (control) using both a static set-up and a shaking set-up. Samples were collected during a seven-day period for flow cytometry examination. Additionally, the effects of magnetic fields on the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in autoclaved tap water were examined. Based on the fluorescent intensity of the stained nucleic acid content, the microbial cells were grouped into low nucleic acid content (LNA) and high nucleic acid content (HNA). Our results show that the LNA was dominant under nutrient limited condition while the HNA dominates when nutrient is more available. Such behavior of LNA and HNA matches well with the long discussed r/K selection model where r-strategists adapted to eutrophic conditions and K-strategists adapted to oligotrophic conditions. The applied magnetic fields selectively promote the growth of LNA under nutrient rich environment, which indicates a beneficial effect on biostability enhancement. Inhibition on an HNA representative Pseudomonas aeruginosa has also been observed. Based on our laboratory observations, we conclude that magnetic field treatment can be a sustainable method for microbial community management with great potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Liu
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA Leeuwarden, the Netherlands; Institute of Soil Physics and Rural Water Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Pollner
- Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Astrid H Paulitsch-Fuchs
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 2, 8010, Graz, Austria; Carinthia University of Applied Sciences, Biomedical Science, St. Veiterstraße 47, 9020 Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Elmar C Fuchs
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA Leeuwarden, the Netherlands; Optical Sciences Group, Faculty of Science and Technology (TNW), University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522NB Enschede, the Netherlands.
| | - Nigel P Dyer
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA Leeuwarden, the Netherlands; Coherent Water Systems, 2 Crich Avenue, DE23 6ES Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Willibald Loiskandl
- Institute of Soil Physics and Rural Water Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cornelia Lass-Flörl
- Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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8
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Zadeh-Haghighi H, Simon C. Magnetic field effects in biology from the perspective of the radical pair mechanism. J R Soc Interface 2022; 19:20220325. [PMID: 35919980 PMCID: PMC9346374 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hundreds of studies have found that weak magnetic fields can significantly influence various biological systems. However, the underlying mechanisms behind these phenomena remain elusive. Remarkably, the magnetic energies implicated in these effects are much smaller than thermal energies. Here, we review these observations, and we suggest an explanation based on the radical pair mechanism, which involves the quantum dynamics of the electron and nuclear spins of transient radical molecules. While the radical pair mechanism has been studied in detail in the context of avian magnetoreception, the studies reviewed here show that magnetosensitivity is widespread throughout biology. We review magnetic field effects on various physiological functions, discussing static, hypomagnetic and oscillating magnetic fields, as well as isotope effects. We then review the radical pair mechanism as a potential unifying model for the described magnetic field effects, and we discuss plausible candidate molecules for the radical pairs. We review recent studies proposing that the radical pair mechanism provides explanations for isotope effects in xenon anaesthesia and lithium treatment of hyperactivity, magnetic field effects on the circadian clock, and hypomagnetic field effects on neurogenesis and microtubule assembly. We conclude by discussing future lines of investigation in this exciting new area of quantum biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Zadeh-Haghighi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Christoph Simon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
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9
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Chen Y, Hou S. Application of magnetic nanoparticles in cell therapy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:135. [PMID: 35365206 PMCID: PMC8972776 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02808-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are biomedical materials that have been approved by the FDA. To date, MNPs have been developed rapidly in nanomedicine and are of great significance. Stem cells and secretory vesicles can be used for tissue regeneration and repair. In cell therapy, MNPs which interact with external magnetic field are introduced to achieve the purpose of cell directional enrichment, while MRI to monitor cell distribution and drug delivery. This paper reviews the size optimization, response in external magnetic field and biomedical application of MNPs in cell therapy and provides a comprehensive view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Chen
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin, China.
| | - Shike Hou
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin, China
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10
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Kurian P. From Micro to Macro: A Relativistic Treatment of the Chiral Energy Shifts Caused by Static Electromagnetic Effects on Free Electrons. ENTROPY 2022; 24:e24030358. [PMID: 35327869 PMCID: PMC8947029 DOI: 10.3390/e24030358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Free electron systems are ubiquitous in nature and have demonstrated intriguing effects in their collective interactions with weak electric and magnetic fields, especially in aqueous environments. Starting from the Dirac Hamiltonian, a fully relativistic expression is derived for the electron energy shift in the presence of a spatiotemporally constant, weak electromagnetic field. The expectation value of this energy shift is then computed explicitly using the Fourier transforms of the fermionic fields. To first order in the electromagnetic fields, the average relativistic energy shift is found to be completely independent of the electron spin-polarization coefficients. This effect is also considerably larger than that predicted in quantum mechanics by the analogous Zeeman shift. Finally, in the non-relativistic limit, it is shown how to discriminate between achiral and completely polarized states, which leads to a concluding discussion of possible mesoscopic and macroscopic manifestations of electron spin states across many orders of magnitude in the physical world, with stark implications for biological and other complex systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Kurian
- Quantum Biology Laboratory, Howard University, Washington, DC 20060, USA;
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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11
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Gorobets S, Gorobets O, Gorobets Y, Bulaievska M. Chain-Like Structures of Biogenic and Nonbiogenic Magnetic Nanoparticles in Vascular Tissues. Bioelectromagnetics 2022; 43:119-143. [PMID: 35077582 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, slices of organs from various organisms (animals, plants, fungi) were investigated by using atomic force microscopy and magnetic force microscopy to identify common features of localization of both biogenic and nonbiogenic magnetic nanoparticles. It was revealed that both biogenic and nonbiogenic magnetic nanoparticles are localized in the form of chains of separate nanoparticles or chains of conglomerates of nanoparticles in the walls of the capillaries of animals and the walls of the conducting tissue of plants and fungi. Both biogenic and nonbiogenic magnetic nanoparticles are embedded as a part of the transport system in multicellular organisms. In connection with this, a new idea of the function of biogenic magnetic nanoparticles is discussed, that the chains of biogenic magnetic nanoparticles and chains of conglomerates of biogenic magnetic nanoparticles represent ferrimagnetic organelles of a specific purpose. Besides, magnetic dipole-dipole interaction of biogenic magnetic nanoparticles with magnetically labeled drugs or contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging should be considered when designing the drug delivery and other medical systems because biogenic magnetic nanoparticles in capillary walls will serve as the trapping centers for the artificial magnetic nanoparticles. The aggregates of both artificial and biogenic magnetic nanoparticles can be formed, contributing to the risk of vascular occlusion. Bioelectromagnetics. 43:119-143, 2022. © 2021 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svitlana Gorobets
- National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oksana Gorobets
- National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", Kyiv, Ukraine.,Institute of Magnetism NAS of Ukraine and MES of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yuri Gorobets
- National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", Kyiv, Ukraine.,Institute of Magnetism NAS of Ukraine and MES of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Maryna Bulaievska
- National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", Kyiv, Ukraine
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12
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Matevosyan A, Allahverdyan AE. Nonequilibrium, weak-field-induced cyclotron motion: A mechanism for magnetobiology. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:064407. [PMID: 35030908 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.064407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
There is a long-time quest for understanding physical mechanisms of weak magnetic field interaction with biological matter. Two factors impeded the development of such mechanisms: first, a high (room) temperature of a cellular environment, where a weak, static magnetic field induces a (classically) zero equilibrium response. Second, the friction in the cellular environment is large, preventing a weak field to alter nonequilibrium processes such as a free diffusion of charges. Here we study a class of nonequilibrium steady states of a cellular ion in a confining potential, where the response to a (weak, homogeneous, static) magnetic field survives strong friction and thermal fluctuations. The magnetic field induces a rotational motion of the ion that proceeds with the cyclotron frequency. Such nonequilibrium states are generated by a white noise acting on the ion additionally to the nonlocal (memory-containing) friction and noise generated by an equilibrium thermal bath. The intensity of this white noise can be weak, i.e., much smaller than the thermal noise intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashot Matevosyan
- University of Cambridge, Cavendish Laboratory, 19 J.J. Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom.,Alikhanyan National Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute), 2 Alikhanyan Brothers street, Yerevan 0036, Armenia
| | - Armen E Allahverdyan
- Alikhanyan National Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute), 2 Alikhanyan Brothers street, Yerevan 0036, Armenia.,Yerevan State University, 1 A. Manoogian street, Yerevan 0025, Armenia
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13
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Golovin YI, Golovin DY, Vlasova KY, Veselov MM, Usvaliev AD, Kabanov AV, Klyachko NL. Non-Heating Alternating Magnetic Field Nanomechanical Stimulation of Biomolecule Structures via Magnetic Nanoparticles as the Basis for Future Low-Toxic Biomedical Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2255. [PMID: 34578570 PMCID: PMC8470408 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The review discusses the theoretical, experimental and toxicological aspects of the prospective biomedical application of functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) activated by a low frequency non-heating alternating magnetic field (AMF). In this approach, known as nano-magnetomechanical activation (NMMA), the MNPs are used as mediators that localize and apply force to such target biomolecular structures as enzyme molecules, transport vesicles, cell organelles, etc., without significant heating. It is shown that NMMA can become a biophysical platform for a family of therapy methods including the addressed delivery and controlled release of therapeutic agents from transport nanomodules, as well as selective molecular nanoscale localized drugless nanomechanical impacts. It is characterized by low system biochemical and electromagnetic toxicity. A technique of 3D scanning of the NMMA region with the size of several mm to several cm over object internals has been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri I. Golovin
- Institute “Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials”, G.R. Derzhavin Tambov State University, 392000 Tambov, Russia; (Y.I.G.); (D.Y.G.)
- Department of Chemical Enzymology, School of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.Y.V.); (M.M.V.); (A.D.U.); (A.V.K.)
| | - Dmitry Yu. Golovin
- Institute “Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials”, G.R. Derzhavin Tambov State University, 392000 Tambov, Russia; (Y.I.G.); (D.Y.G.)
| | - Ksenia Yu. Vlasova
- Department of Chemical Enzymology, School of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.Y.V.); (M.M.V.); (A.D.U.); (A.V.K.)
| | - Maxim M. Veselov
- Department of Chemical Enzymology, School of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.Y.V.); (M.M.V.); (A.D.U.); (A.V.K.)
| | - Azizbek D. Usvaliev
- Department of Chemical Enzymology, School of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.Y.V.); (M.M.V.); (A.D.U.); (A.V.K.)
| | - Alexander V. Kabanov
- Department of Chemical Enzymology, School of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.Y.V.); (M.M.V.); (A.D.U.); (A.V.K.)
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Natalia L. Klyachko
- Institute “Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials”, G.R. Derzhavin Tambov State University, 392000 Tambov, Russia; (Y.I.G.); (D.Y.G.)
- Department of Chemical Enzymology, School of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.Y.V.); (M.M.V.); (A.D.U.); (A.V.K.)
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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14
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Wang Y, Gu X, Quan J, Xing G, Yang L, Zhao C, Wu P, Zhao F, Hu B, Hu Y. Application of magnetic fields to wastewater treatment and its mechanisms: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 773:145476. [PMID: 33588219 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic field (MF) has been applied widely and successfully as an efficient, low-cost and easy-to-use technique to enhance wastewater treatment (WWT) performance. Although the effects of MF on WWT were revealed and summarized by some works, they are still mysterious and complex. This review summarizes the application of MF in magnetic adsorption-separation of heavy metals and dyes, treatment of domestic wastewater and photo-magnetic coupling technology. Furthermore, the mechanisms of MF-enhanced WWT are critically elaborated from the perspective of magnetic physicochemical and biological effects, such as magnetoresistance, Lorentz force, and intracellular radical pair mechanism. At last, the challenges and opportunities for MF application in WWT are discussed. For overcoming the limitations and taking advantages of MFs in WWT, fundamental research of the mechanisms of the application of MFs should be carried out in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang' an University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Water Supply & Sewage Engineering, Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development, Chang' an University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Gu
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang' an University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Water Supply & Sewage Engineering, Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development, Chang' an University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianing Quan
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang' an University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Water Supply & Sewage Engineering, Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development, Chang' an University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guohua Xing
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang' an University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Water Supply & Sewage Engineering, Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development, Chang' an University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liwei Yang
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang' an University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Water Supply & Sewage Engineering, Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development, Chang' an University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chuanliang Zhao
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang' an University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Water Supply & Sewage Engineering, Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development, Chang' an University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pei Wu
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang' an University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Water Supply & Sewage Engineering, Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development, Chang' an University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fan Zhao
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang' an University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Water Supply & Sewage Engineering, Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development, Chang' an University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Hu
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang' an University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Water Supply & Sewage Engineering, Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development, Chang' an University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Yuansheng Hu
- School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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15
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Jammoul M, Lawand N. Melatonin: a Potential Shield against Electromagnetic Waves. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 20:648-660. [PMID: 34635042 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210609163946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, a vital hormone synthesized by the pineal gland, has been implicated in various physiological functions and in circadian rhythm regulation. Its role in the protection against the non-ionizing electromagnetic field (EMF), known to disrupt the body's oxidative/anti-oxidative balance, has been called into question due to inconsistent results observed across studies. This review provides the current state of knowledge on the interwoven relationship between melatonin, EMF, and oxidative stress. Based on synthesized evidence, we present a model that best describes the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of melatonin against RF/ELF-EMF induced oxidative stress. We show that the free radical scavenger activity of melatonin is enabled through reduction of the radical pair singlet-triplet conversion rate and the concentration of the triplet products. Moreover, this review aims to highlight the potential therapeutic benefits of melatonin against the detrimental effects of EMF, in general, and electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS), in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Jammoul
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut. Lebanon
| | - Nada Lawand
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut. Lebanon
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16
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Jedrzejczak-Silicka M, Kordas M, Konopacki M, Rakoczy R. Modulation of Cellular Response to Different Parameters of the Rotating Magnetic Field (RMF)-An In Vitro Wound Healing Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5785. [PMID: 34071384 PMCID: PMC8199476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the effect of MFs (magnetic fields) on various biological systems has been studied, different results have been obtained from an insignificant effect of weak MFs on the disruption of the circadian clock system. On the other hand, magnetic fields, electromagnetic fields, or electric fields are used in medicine. The presented study was conducted to determine whether a low-frequency RMF (rotating magnetic field) with different field parameters could evoke the cellular response in vitro and is possible to modulate the cellular response. The cellular metabolic activity, ROS and Ca2+ concentration levels, wound healing assay, and gene expression analyses were conducted to evaluate the effect of RMF. It was shown that different values of magnetic induction (B) and frequency (f) of RMF evoke a different response of cells, e.g., increase in the general metabolic activity may be associated with the increasing of ROS levels. The lower intracellular Ca2+ concentration (for 50 Hz) evoked the inability of cells to wound closure. It can be stated that the subtle balance in the ROS level is crucial in the wound for the effective healing process, and it is possible to modulate the cellular response to the RMF in the context of an in vitro wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Jedrzejczak-Silicka
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Marian Kordas
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastow Avenue 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland; (M.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Maciej Konopacki
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastow Avenue 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland; (M.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Rafał Rakoczy
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastow Avenue 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland; (M.K.); (M.K.)
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17
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Amplification of weak magnetic field effects on oscillating reactions. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9615. [PMID: 33953230 PMCID: PMC8100163 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88871-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We explore the possibility that chemical feedback and autocatalysis in oscillating chemical reactions could amplify weak magnetic field effects on the rate constant of one of the constituent reactions, assumed to proceed via a radical pair mechanism. Using the Brusselator model oscillator, we find that the amplitude of limit cycle oscillations in the concentrations of reaction intermediates can be extraordinarily sensitive to minute changes in the rate constant of the initiation step. The relevance of such amplification to biological effects of 50/60 Hz electromagnetic fields is discussed.
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18
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Rösch AT, Zhu Q, Robben J, Tassinari F, Meskers SCJ, Naaman R, Palmans ARA, Meijer EW. Helicity Control in the Aggregation of Achiral Squaraine Dyes in Solution and Thin Films. Chemistry 2021; 27:298-306. [PMID: 32705726 PMCID: PMC7839690 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Squaraine dyes are well known for their strong absorption in the visible regime. Reports on chiral squaraine dyes are, however, scarce. To address this gap, we here report two novel chiral squaraine dyes and their achiral counterparts. The presented dyes are aggregated in solution and in thin films. A detailed chiroptical study shows that thin films formed by co-assembling the chiral dye with its achiral counterpart exhibit exceptional photophysical properties. The circular dichroism (CD) of the co-assembled structures reaches a maximum when just 25 % of the chiral dye are present in the mixture. The solid structures with the highest relative CD effect are achieved when the chiral dye is used solely as a director, rather than the structural component. The chiroptical data are further supported by selected spin-filtering measurements using mc-AFM. These findings provide a promising platform for investigating the relationship between the dissymmetry of a supramolecular structure and emerging material properties rather than a comparison between a chiral molecular structure and an achiral counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas T. Rösch
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, and Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsDepartment of Chemical Engineering and ChemistryEindhoven University of TechnologyP.O. Box 513, 5600MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Qirong Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Biological PhysicsWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot76100Israel
| | - Jorn Robben
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, and Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsDepartment of Chemical Engineering and ChemistryEindhoven University of TechnologyP.O. Box 513, 5600MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Francesco Tassinari
- Department of Chemical and Biological PhysicsWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot76100Israel
| | - Stefan C. J. Meskers
- Department of Applied PhysicsEindhoven University of TechnologyP.O. Box 513, 5600MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Ron Naaman
- Department of Chemical and Biological PhysicsWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot76100Israel
| | - Anja R. A. Palmans
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, and Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsDepartment of Chemical Engineering and ChemistryEindhoven University of TechnologyP.O. Box 513, 5600MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - E. W. Meijer
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, and Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsDepartment of Chemical Engineering and ChemistryEindhoven University of TechnologyP.O. Box 513, 5600MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
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19
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Fang Y, Meng L, Prominski A, Schaumann EN, Seebald M, Tian B. Recent advances in bioelectronics chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2020. [PMID: 32672777 DOI: 10.1039/d1030cs00333f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Research in bioelectronics is highly interdisciplinary, with many new developments being based on techniques from across the physical and life sciences. Advances in our understanding of the fundamental chemistry underlying the materials used in bioelectronic applications have been a crucial component of many recent discoveries. In this review, we highlight ways in which a chemistry-oriented perspective may facilitate novel and deep insights into both the fundamental scientific understanding and the design of materials, which can in turn tune the functionality and biocompatibility of bioelectronic devices. We provide an in-depth examination of several developments in the field, organized by the chemical properties of the materials. We conclude by surveying how some of the latest major topics of chemical research may be further integrated with bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Fang
- The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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20
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Fang Y, Meng L, Prominski A, Schaumann E, Seebald M, Tian B. Recent advances in bioelectronics chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:7978-8035. [PMID: 32672777 PMCID: PMC7674226 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00333f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Research in bioelectronics is highly interdisciplinary, with many new developments being based on techniques from across the physical and life sciences. Advances in our understanding of the fundamental chemistry underlying the materials used in bioelectronic applications have been a crucial component of many recent discoveries. In this review, we highlight ways in which a chemistry-oriented perspective may facilitate novel and deep insights into both the fundamental scientific understanding and the design of materials, which can in turn tune the functionality and biocompatibility of bioelectronic devices. We provide an in-depth examination of several developments in the field, organized by the chemical properties of the materials. We conclude by surveying how some of the latest major topics of chemical research may be further integrated with bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Fang
- The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Lingyuan Meng
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - Erik Schaumann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Matthew Seebald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Bozhi Tian
- The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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21
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Bathellier C, Yu LJ, Farquhar GD, Coote ML, Lorimer GH, Tcherkez G. Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activates O 2 by electron transfer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:24234-24242. [PMID: 32934141 PMCID: PMC7533879 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2008824117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) is the cornerstone of atmospheric CO2 fixation by the biosphere. It catalyzes the addition of CO2 onto enolized ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP), producing 3-phosphoglycerate which is then converted to sugars. The major problem of this reaction is competitive O2 addition, which forms a phosphorylated product (2-phosphoglycolate) that must be recycled by a series of biochemical reactions (photorespiratory metabolism). However, the way the enzyme activates O2 is still unknown. Here, we used isotope effects (with 2H, 25Mg, and 18O) to monitor O2 activation and assess the influence of outer sphere atoms, in two Rubisco forms of contrasted O2/CO2 selectivity. Neither the Rubisco form nor the use of solvent D2O and deuterated RuBP changed the 16O/18O isotope effect of O2 addition, in clear contrast with the 12C/13C isotope effect of CO2 addition. Furthermore, substitution of light magnesium (24Mg) by heavy, nuclear magnetic 25Mg had no effect on O2 addition. Therefore, outer sphere protons have no influence on the reaction and direct radical chemistry (intersystem crossing with triplet O2) does not seem to be involved in O2 activation. Computations indicate that the reduction potential of enolized RuBP (near 0.49 V) is compatible with superoxide (O2•-) production, must be insensitive to deuteration, and yields a predicted 16O/18O isotope effect and energy barrier close to observed values. Overall, O2 undergoes single electron transfer to form short-lived superoxide, which then recombines to form a peroxide intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Bathellier
- Elementar France, Spectrométrie de Masse Isotopique, 69428 Lyon Cedex 3, France
- Research School of Biology, ANU Joint College of Sciences, Australian National University, 2601 Canberra ACT, Australia
| | - Li-Juan Yu
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Research School of Chemistry, ANU Joint College of Sciences, Australian National University, 2601 Canberra ACT, Australia
| | - Graham D Farquhar
- Research School of Biology, ANU Joint College of Sciences, Australian National University, 2601 Canberra ACT, Australia;
| | - Michelle L Coote
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Research School of Chemistry, ANU Joint College of Sciences, Australian National University, 2601 Canberra ACT, Australia
| | - George H Lorimer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Guillaume Tcherkez
- Research School of Biology, ANU Joint College of Sciences, Australian National University, 2601 Canberra ACT, Australia;
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAe), Université d'Angers, 49070 Beaucouzé, France
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22
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Magnetic Fields in Food Processing Perspectives, Applications and Action Models. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8070814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic fields (MF) are increasingly being applied in food processing to preserve food quality. They can be static (SMF), oscillating (OMF) or pulsed (PMF) depending on the type of equipment. The food characteristics can be influenced by several configurations of the applied magnetic field as its flux density, frequency, polarity and exposure time. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the effects of magnetic fields on foods. Some of them propose interactions at the subatomic particle level that show quantum behavior, such as the radical pair and cyclotron resonance mechanisms. Other proposals are at the level of DNA, compounds, subcellular organelles and cells. The interactions between food and magnetic fields are addressed in a general way in this work, highlighting the applications and action models involved and their effects on the physicochemical, enzymatic and microbiological characteristics of food.
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23
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Magnetic field effect on the photochemistry of chromium complex. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Yang X, Li Z, Polyakova T, Dejneka A, Zablotskii V, Zhang X. Effect of static magnetic field on DNA synthesis: The interplay between DNA chirality and magnetic field left-right asymmetry. FASEB Bioadv 2020; 2:254-263. [PMID: 32259051 PMCID: PMC7133733 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2019-00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between magnetic fields (MFs) and living cells may stimulate a large variety of cellular responses to a MF, while the underlying intracellular mechanisms still remain a great puzzle. On a fundamental level, the MF - cell interaction is affected by the two broken symmetries: (a) left-right (LR) asymmetry of the MF and (b) chirality of DNA molecules carrying electric charges and subjected to the Lorentz force when moving in a MF. Here we report on the chirality-driven effect of static magnetic fields (SMFs) on DNA synthesis. This newly discovered effect reveals how the interplay between two fundamental features of symmetry in living and inanimate nature-DNA chirality and the inherent features of MFs to distinguish the left and right-manifests itself in different DNA synthesis rates in the upward and downward SMFs, consequently resulting in unequal cell proliferation for the two directions of the field. The interplay between DNA chirality and MF LR asymmetry will provide fundamental knowledge for many MF-induced biological phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Yang
- High Magnetic Field LaboratoryKey Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical BiologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiChina
- Science Island Branch of Graduate SchoolUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- High Magnetic Field LaboratoryKey Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical BiologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiChina
| | - Tatyana Polyakova
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Alexandr Dejneka
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Vitalii Zablotskii
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Xin Zhang
- High Magnetic Field LaboratoryKey Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical BiologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiChina
- Science Island Branch of Graduate SchoolUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information TechnologyAnhui UniversityHefeiChina
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25
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Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Based on Magnetic Fields to Assemble Low-Grade Ovarian Carcinoma Cell Aggregates Containing Lymphocytes. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030635. [PMID: 32155738 PMCID: PMC7140502 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a limited number of established ovarian cancer cell lines matching the low-grade serous histotype available for research purposes. Three-dimensional (3D) culture systems provide in vitro models with better tissue-like characteristics than two-dimensional (2D) systems. The goal in the study was to characterize the growth of a given low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma cell line in a 3D culture system conducted in a magnetic field. Moreover, the culture system was evaluated in respect to the assembly of malignant cell aggregates containing lymphocytes. CAISMOV24 cell line alone or mixed with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were cultured using a commercially available 3D culture system designed for 24 well plates. Resulting cell aggregates revealed the intrinsic capacity of CAISMOV24 cells to assemble structures morphologically defined as papillary, and reflected molecular characteristics usually found in ovarian carcinomas. The contents of lymphocytes into co-cultured cell aggregates were significantly higher (p < 0.05) when NanoShuttle-conjugated PBMC were employed compared with non-conjugated PBMC. Moreover, lymphocyte subsets NK, T-CD4, T-CD8 and T-regulatory were successfully retrieved from co-cultured cell aggregates at 72h. Thus, the culture system allowed CAISMOV24 cell line to develop papillary-like cell aggregates containing lymphocytes.
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26
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Hore PJ. Upper bound on the biological effects of 50/60 Hz magnetic fields mediated by radical pairs. eLife 2019; 8:44179. [PMID: 30801245 PMCID: PMC6417859 DOI: 10.7554/elife.44179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged exposure to weak (~1 μT) extremely-low-frequency (ELF, 50/60 Hz) magnetic fields has been associated with an increased risk of childhood leukaemia. One of the few biophysical mechanisms that might account for this link involves short-lived chemical reaction intermediates known as radical pairs. In this report, we use spin dynamics simulations to derive an upper bound of 10 parts per million on the effect of a 1 μT ELF magnetic field on the yield of a radical pair reaction. By comparing this figure with the corresponding effects of changes in the strength of the Earth’s magnetic field, we conclude that if exposure to such weak 50/60 Hz magnetic fields has any effect on human biology, and results from a radical pair mechanism, then the risk should be no greater than travelling a few kilometres towards or away from the geomagnetic north or south pole.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Hore
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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27
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Van Huizen AV, Morton JM, Kinsey LJ, Von Kannon DG, Saad MA, Birkholz TR, Czajka JM, Cyrus J, Barnes FS, Beane WS. Weak magnetic fields alter stem cell-mediated growth. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaau7201. [PMID: 30729158 PMCID: PMC6353618 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau7201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Biological systems are constantly exposed to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) in the form of natural geomagnetic fields and EMFs emitted from technology. While strong magnetic fields are known to change chemical reaction rates and free radical concentrations, the debate remains about whether static weak magnetic fields (WMFs; <1 mT) also produce biological effects. Using the planarian regeneration model, we show that WMFs altered stem cell proliferation and subsequent differentiation via changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and downstream heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) expression. These data reveal that on the basis of field strength, WMF exposure can increase or decrease new tissue formation in vivo, suggesting WMFs as a potential therapeutic tool to manipulate mitotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanna V. Van Huizen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA
| | - Jacob M. Morton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA
| | - Luke J. Kinsey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA
| | - Donald G. Von Kannon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA
| | - Marwa A. Saad
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA
| | - Taylor R. Birkholz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA
| | - Jordan M. Czajka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA
| | - Julian Cyrus
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Frank S. Barnes
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Wendy S. Beane
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA
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28
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Smolková B, Uzhytchak M, Lynnyk A, Kubinová Š, Dejneka A, Lunov O. A Critical Review on Selected External Physical Cues and Modulation of Cell Behavior: Magnetic Nanoparticles, Non-thermal Plasma and Lasers. J Funct Biomater 2018; 10:jfb10010002. [PMID: 30586923 PMCID: PMC6463085 DOI: 10.3390/jfb10010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Physics-based biomedical approaches have proved their importance for the advancement of medical sciences and especially in medical diagnostics and treatments. Thus, the expectations regarding development of novel promising physics-based technologies and tools are very high. This review describes the latest research advances in biomedical applications of external physical cues. We overview three distinct topics: using high-gradient magnetic fields in nanoparticle-mediated cell responses; non-thermal plasma as a novel bactericidal agent; highlights in understanding of cellular mechanisms of laser irradiation. Furthermore, we summarize the progress, challenges and opportunities in those directions. We also discuss some of the fundamental physical principles involved in the application of each cue. Considerable technological success has been achieved in those fields. However, for the successful clinical translation we have to understand the limitations of technologies. Importantly, we identify the misconceptions pervasive in the discussed fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Smolková
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18221 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Mariia Uzhytchak
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18221 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Anna Lynnyk
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18221 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Šárka Kubinová
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18221 Prague, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Alexandr Dejneka
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18221 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Oleg Lunov
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18221 Prague, Czech Republic.
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29
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Wang D, Zhang L, Shao G, Yang S, Tao S, Fang K, Zhang X. 6-mT 0-120-Hz magnetic fields differentially affect cellular ATP levels. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:28237-28247. [PMID: 30074140 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2868-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), an indispensable molecule that provides energy for essentially all cellular processes, has been shown to be affected by some magnetic fields (MFs). Although people are frequently exposed to various static and power frequency MFs in their daily lives, the exact effects of these MFs of different frequencies have not been systematically investigated. Here, we tested 6-mT MFs with 0, 50, and 120 Hz for their effects on cellular ATP levels in 11 different cell lines. We found that the 6-mT static magnetic field (SMF) either does not affect or increase cellular ATP levels, while 6-mT 50-Hz MF either does not affect or decrease cellular ATP levels. In contrast, 6-mT 120-Hz MF has variable effects. We examined the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) in four different cell lines, but did not find their direct correlation with ATP levels. Although none of the ATP level changes induced by these three different frequencies of 6-mT MFs are dramatic, these results may be used to explain some differential cellular responses of various cell lines to different frequency MFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Guangze Shao
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shengwei Tao
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Kun Fang
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
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30
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Zablotskii V, Polyakova T, Dejneka A. Cells in the Non-Uniform Magnetic World: How Cells Respond to High-Gradient Magnetic Fields. Bioessays 2018; 40:e1800017. [PMID: 29938810 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201800017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Imagine cells that live in a high-gradient magnetic field (HGMF). Through what mechanisms do the cells sense a non-uniform magnetic field and how such a field changes the cell fate? We show that magnetic forces generated by HGMFs can be comparable to intracellular forces and therefore may be capable of altering the functionality of an individual cell and tissues in unprecedented ways. We identify the cellular effectors of such fields and propose novel routes in cell biology predicting new biological effects such as magnetic control of cell-to-cell communication and vesicle transport, magnetic control of intracellular ROS levels, magnetically induced differentiation of stem cells, magnetically assisted cell division, or prevention of cells from dividing. On the basis of experimental facts and theoretical modeling we reveal timescales of cellular responses to high-gradient magnetic fields and suggest an explicit dependence of the cell response time on the magnitude of the magnetic field gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitalii Zablotskii
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 18221, Czech Republic
| | - Tatyana Polyakova
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 18221, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandr Dejneka
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 18221, Czech Republic
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31
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Lindoy LP, Manolopoulos DE. Simple and Accurate Method for Central Spin Problems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:220604. [PMID: 29906173 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.220604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We describe a simple quantum mechanical method that can be used to obtain accurate numerical results over long timescales for the spin correlation tensor of an electron spin that is hyperfine coupled to a large number of nuclear spins. This method does not suffer from the statistical errors that accompany a Monte Carlo sampling of the exact eigenstates of the central spin Hamiltonian obtained from the algebraic Bethe ansatz, or from the growth of the truncation error with time in the time-dependent density matrix renormalization group (TDMRG) approach. As a result, it can be applied to larger central spin problems than the algebraic Bethe ansatz, and for longer times than the TDMRG algorithm. It is therefore an ideal method to use to solve central spin problems, and we expect that it will also prove useful for a variety of related problems that arise in a number of different research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan P Lindoy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - David E Manolopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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32
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Wang D, Wang Z, Zhang L, Li Z, Tian X, Fang J, Lu Q, Zhang X. Cellular ATP levels are affected by moderate and strong static magnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics 2018; 39:352-360. [PMID: 29709058 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrion is the major cellular energy producing organelle that is at the boundary between chemical reactions and physical processes. Although mitochondria have been shown to be affected by physical methods such as nonthermal plasma, whether static magnetic field (SMF) could also affect them is still unclear. Here we used rat adrenal PC12 cells to compare SMFs of different intensities for their effects on ATP (adenosine-5'-triphosphate), the major energy source produced by mitochondria, which is essential for various cellular processes. Our results show that although 0.26 or 0.50 T SMFs did not affect ATP, 1 T and 9 T SMFs affected ATP level differently and time-dependently. Moreover, SMF-induced ATP level fluctuations are correlated with mitochondrial membrane potential changes. Our study provides insights not only into understanding various cellular effects of SMFs, but also the potential clinical applications of SMFs. Bioelectromagnetics. 39:352-360, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ze Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - XiaoFei Tian
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Fang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, Hefei, China
| | - Qingyou Lu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, Hefei, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
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The effect of low- and high-power microwave irradiation on in vitro grown Sequoia plants and their recovery after cryostorage. J Biol Phys 2017. [PMID: 28647777 DOI: 10.1007/s10867-017-9457-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Two distinct microwave power levels and techniques have been studied in two cases: low-power microwave (LPM) irradiation on in vitro Sequoia plants and high-power microwave (HPM) exposure on recovery rates of cryostored (-196°C) Sequoia shoot apices. Experimental variants for LPM exposure included: (a) in vitro plants grown in regular conditions (at 24 ± 1°C during a 16-h light photoperiod with a light intensity of 39.06 μEm-2 s-1 photosynthetically active radiation), (b) in vitro plants grown in the anechoic chamber with controlled environment without microwave irradiation, and (c) in vitro plants grown in the anechoic chamber with LPM irradiation for various times (5, 15, 30, 40 days). In comparison to control plants, significant differences in shoot multiplication and growth parameters (length of shoots and roots) were observed after 40 days of LPM exposure. An opposite effect was achieved regarding the content of total soluble proteins, which decreased with increasing exposure time to LPM. HPM irradiation was tested as a novel rewarming method following storage in liquid nitrogen. To our knowledge, this is the first report using this type of rewarming method. Although, shoot tips subjected to HPM exposure showed 28% recovery following cryostorage compared to 44% for shoot tips rewarmed in liquid medium at 22 ± 1 °C, we consider that the method represent a basis and can be further improved. The results lead to the overall conclusion that LPM had a stimulating effect on growth and multiplication of in vitro Sequoia plants, while the HPM used for rewarming of cryopreserved apices was not effective to achieve high rates of regrowth after liquid nitrogen exposure.
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34
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Koltover VK. Nuclear spin catalysis: From physics of liquid matter to medical physics. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2016.11.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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35
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Buchachenko A, Lawler RG. New Possibilities for Magnetic Control of Chemical and Biochemical Reactions. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:877-884. [PMID: 28218831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chemistry is controlled by Coulomb energy; magnetic energy is lower by many orders of magnitude and may be confidently ignored in the energy balance of chemical reactions. The situation becomes less clear, however, when reaction rates are considered. In this case, magnetic perturbations of nearly degenerate energy surface crossings may produce observable, and sometimes even dramatic, effects on reactions rates, product yields, and spectroscopic transitions. A case in point that has been studied for nearly five decades is electron spin-selective chemistry via the intermediacy of radical pairs. Magnetic fields, external (permanent or oscillating) and the internal magnetic fields of magnetic nuclei, have been shown to overcome electron spin selection rules for pairs of reactive paramagnetic intermediates, catalyzing or inhibiting chemical reaction pathways. The accelerating effects of magnetic stimulation may therefore be considered to be magnetic catalysis. This type of catalysis is most commonly observed for reactions of a relatively long-lived radical pair containing two weakly interacting electron spins formed by dissociation of molecules or by electron transfer. The pair may exist in singlet (total electron spin is zero) or triplet (total spin is unity) spin states. In virtually all cases, only the singlet state yields stable reaction products. Magnetic interactions with nuclear spins or applied fields may therefore affect the reactivity of radical pairs by changing the angular momentum of the pairs. Magnetic catalysis, first detected via its effect on spin state populations in nuclear and electron spin resonance, has been shown to function in a great variety of well-characterized reactions of organic free radicals. Considerably less well studied are examples suggesting that the basic mechanism may also explain magnetic effects that stimulate ATP synthesis, eliminating ATP deficiency in cardiac diseases, control cell proliferation, killing cancer cells, and control transcranial magnetic stimulation against cognitive deceases. Magnetic control has also been observed for some processes of importance in materials science and earth and environmental science and may play a role in animal navigation. In this Account, the radical pair mechanism is applied as a consistent explanation for several intriguing new magnetic phenomena. Specific examples include acceleration of solid state reactions of silicon by the magnetic isotope 29Si, enrichment of 17O during thermal decomposition of metal carbonates and magnetic effects on crystal plasticity. In each of these cases, the results are consistent with an initial one-electron transfer to generate a radical pair. Similar processes can account for mass-independent fractionation of isotopes of mercury, sulfur, germanium, tin, iron, and uranium in both naturally occurring samples and laboratory experiments. In the area of biochemistry, catalysis by magnetic isotopes has now been reported in several reactions of DNA and high energy phosphate. Possible medical applications of these observations are pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly Buchachenko
- Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygin Street, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russian Federation
- Scientific Center in Chernogolovka, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russian Federation
- Yaroslavl State University, 150003 Yaroslavl, Russian Federation
| | - Ronald G. Lawler
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Box
H, 324 Brook Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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36
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Uthamacumaran A. A biophysical approach to cancer dynamics: Quantum chaos and energy turbulence. Biosystems 2017; 156-157:1-22. [PMID: 28377182 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a term used to define a collective set of rapidly evolving cells with immortalized replication, altered epimetabolomes and patterns of longevity. Identifying a common signaling cascade to target all cancers has been a major obstacle in medicine. A quantum dynamic framework has been established to explain mutation theory, biological energy landscapes, cell communication patterns and the cancer interactome under the influence of quantum chaos. Quantum tunneling in mutagenesis, vacuum energy field dynamics, and cytoskeletal networks in tumor morphogenesis have revealed the applicability for description of cancer dynamics, which is discussed with a brief account of endogenous hallucinogens, bioelectromagnetism and water fluctuations. A holistic model of mathematical oncology has been provided to identify key signaling pathways required for the phenotypic reprogramming of cancer through an epigenetic landscape. The paper will also serve as a mathematical guide to understand the cancer interactome by interlinking theoretical and experimental oncology. A multi-dimensional model of quantum evolution by adaptive selection has been established for cancer biology.
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37
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Godina-Nava JJ, Torres-Vega G, López-Riquelme GO, López-Sandoval E, Samana AR, García Velasco F, Hernández-Aguilar C, Domínguez-Pacheco A. Quantum mechanical model for the anticarcinogenic effect of extremely-low-frequency electromagnetic fields on early chemical hepatocarcinogenesis. Phys Rev E 2017; 95:022416. [PMID: 28297882 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.95.022416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Using the conventional Haberkorn approach, it is evaluated the recombination of the radical pair (RP) singlet spin state to study theoretically the cytoprotective effect of an extremely-low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) on early stages of hepatic cancer chemically induced in rats. The proposal is that ELF-EMF modulates the interconversion rate of singlet and triplet spin states of the RP populations modifying the products from the metabolization of carcinogens. Previously, we found that the daily treatment with ELF-EMF 120 Hz inhibited the number and area of preneoplastic lesions in chemical carcinogenesis. The singlet spin population is evaluated diagonalizing the spin density matrix through the Lanczos method in a radical pair mechanism (RPM). Using four values of the interchange energy, we have studied the variations over the singlet population. The low magnetic field effect as a test of the influence over the enzymatic chemical reaction is evaluated calculating the quantum yield. Through a bootstrap technique the range is found for the singlet decay rate for the process. Applying the quantum measurements concept, we addressed the impact toward hepatic cells. The result contributes to improving our understanding of the chemical carcinogenesis process affected by charged particles that damage the DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabino Torres-Vega
- Departamento de Física CINVESTAV-IPN, Ap. Postal 14-740, CdMex, C.P. 07000, Mexico
| | | | - Eduardo López-Sandoval
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, Bairro Salobrinho, 45662-900 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Arturo Rodolfo Samana
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, Bairro Salobrinho, 45662-900 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Fermín García Velasco
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, Bairro Salobrinho, 45662-900 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Claudia Hernández-Aguilar
- National Polytechnic Institute, Sepi-ESIME, Zacatenco, Professional Unit Adolfo López Mateos, Col. Lindavista, Cd Mex, C.P. 07738, Mexico
| | - Arturo Domínguez-Pacheco
- National Polytechnic Institute, Sepi-ESIME, Zacatenco, Professional Unit Adolfo López Mateos, Col. Lindavista, Cd Mex, C.P. 07738, Mexico
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38
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Mondal PC, Fontanesi C, Waldeck DH, Naaman R. Spin-Dependent Transport through Chiral Molecules Studied by Spin-Dependent Electrochemistry. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:2560-2568. [PMID: 27797176 PMCID: PMC5112609 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Molecular spintronics (spin + electronics), which aims to exploit
both the spin degree of freedom and the electron charge in molecular
devices, has recently received massive attention. Our recent experiments
on molecular spintronics employ chiral molecules which have the unexpected
property of acting as spin filters, by way of an effect we call “chiral-induced spin selectivity” (CISS). In this
Account, we discuss new types of spin-dependent electrochemistry measurements
and their use to probe the spin-dependent charge transport properties
of nonmagnetic chiral conductive polymers and biomolecules, such as
oligopeptides, L/D cysteine, cytochrome c, bacteriorhodopsin
(bR), and oligopeptide-CdSe nanoparticles (NPs) hybrid structures.
Spin-dependent electrochemical measurements were carried out by employing
ferromagnetic electrodes modified with chiral molecules used as the
working electrode. Redox probes were used either in solution or when
directly attached to the ferromagnetic electrodes. During the electrochemical
measurements, the ferromagnetic electrode was magnetized either with
its magnetic moment pointing “UP” or “DOWN”
using a permanent magnet (H = 0.5 T), placed underneath
the chemically modified ferromagnetic electrodes. The spin polarization
of the current was found to be in the range of 5–30%, even
in the case of small chiral molecules. Chiral films of the l- and d-cysteine tethered with a redox-active dye, toludin
blue O, show spin polarizarion that depends on the chirality. Because
the nickel electrodes are susceptible to corrosion, we explored the
effect of coating them with a thin gold overlayer. The effect of the
gold layer on the spin polarization of the electrons ejected from
the electrode was investigated. In addition, the role of the structure
of the protein on the spin selective transport was also studied as
a function of bias voltage and the effect of protein denaturation
was revealed. In addition to “dark” measurements, we
also describe photoelectrochemical measurements in which light is
used to affect the spin selective electron transport through the chiral
molecules. We describe how the excitation of a chromophore (such as
CdSe nanoparticles), which is attached to a chiral working electrode,
can flip the preferred spin orientation of the photocurrent, when
measured under the identical conditions. Thus, chirality-induced spin
polarization, when combined with light and magnetic field effects,
opens new avenues for the study of the spin transport properties of
chiral molecules and biomolecules and for creating new types of spintronic
devices in which light and molecular chirality provide new functions
and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudio Fontanesi
- Department
of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
- Department
of Engineering, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Vivarelli
10, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - David H. Waldeck
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Ron Naaman
- Department
of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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39
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Albuquerque WWC, Costa RMPB, Fernandes TDSE, Porto ALF. Evidences of the static magnetic field influence on cellular systems. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 121:16-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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40
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Schwarze S, Schneider NL, Reichl T, Dreyer D, Lefeldt N, Engels S, Baker N, Hore PJ, Mouritsen H. Weak Broadband Electromagnetic Fields are More Disruptive to Magnetic Compass Orientation in a Night-Migratory Songbird (Erithacus rubecula) than Strong Narrow-Band Fields. Front Behav Neurosci 2016; 10:55. [PMID: 27047356 PMCID: PMC4801848 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic compass orientation in night-migratory songbirds is embedded in the visual system and seems to be based on a light-dependent radical pair mechanism. Recent findings suggest that both broadband electromagnetic fields ranging from ~2 kHz to ~9 MHz and narrow-band fields at the so-called Larmor frequency for a free electron in the Earth's magnetic field can disrupt this mechanism. However, due to local magnetic fields generated by nuclear spins, effects specific to the Larmor frequency are difficult to understand considering that the primary sensory molecule should be organic and probably a protein. We therefore constructed a purpose-built laboratory and tested the orientation capabilities of European robins in an electromagnetically silent environment, under the specific influence of four different oscillating narrow-band electromagnetic fields, at the Larmor frequency, double the Larmor frequency, 1.315 MHz or 50 Hz, and in the presence of broadband electromagnetic noise covering the range from ~2 kHz to ~9 MHz. Our results indicated that the magnetic compass orientation of European robins could not be disrupted by any of the relatively strong narrow-band electromagnetic fields employed here, but that the weak broadband field very efficiently disrupted their orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Schwarze
- Institut für Biologie und Umweltwissenschaften, Carl von Ossietzky Universität OldenburgOldenburg, Germany
- Research Centre for Neurosensory Sciences, University of OldenburgOldenburg, Germany
| | - Nils-Lasse Schneider
- Institut für Biologie und Umweltwissenschaften, Carl von Ossietzky Universität OldenburgOldenburg, Germany
- Research Centre for Neurosensory Sciences, University of OldenburgOldenburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Reichl
- Institut für Biologie und Umweltwissenschaften, Carl von Ossietzky Universität OldenburgOldenburg, Germany
- Research Centre for Neurosensory Sciences, University of OldenburgOldenburg, Germany
| | - David Dreyer
- Institut für Biologie und Umweltwissenschaften, Carl von Ossietzky Universität OldenburgOldenburg, Germany
- Research Centre for Neurosensory Sciences, University of OldenburgOldenburg, Germany
| | - Nele Lefeldt
- Institut für Biologie und Umweltwissenschaften, Carl von Ossietzky Universität OldenburgOldenburg, Germany
- Research Centre for Neurosensory Sciences, University of OldenburgOldenburg, Germany
| | - Svenja Engels
- Institut für Biologie und Umweltwissenschaften, Carl von Ossietzky Universität OldenburgOldenburg, Germany
- Research Centre for Neurosensory Sciences, University of OldenburgOldenburg, Germany
| | - Neville Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry LaboratoryOxford, UK
| | - P. J. Hore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry LaboratoryOxford, UK
| | - Henrik Mouritsen
- Institut für Biologie und Umweltwissenschaften, Carl von Ossietzky Universität OldenburgOldenburg, Germany
- Research Centre for Neurosensory Sciences, University of OldenburgOldenburg, Germany
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex R. Jones
- School of Chemistry, Photon Science Institute and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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42
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Buchachenko A. Why magnetic and electromagnetic effects in biology are irreproducible and contradictory? Bioelectromagnetics 2015; 37:1-13. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.21947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly Buchachenko
- Institute of Chemical Physics; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics; Russian Academy of Sciences; Chernogolovka Russia
- Yaroslavl’ State University; Yaroslavl’ Russia
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43
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Nohr D, Rodriguez R, Weber S, Schleicher E. How can EPR spectroscopy help to unravel molecular mechanisms of flavin-dependent photoreceptors? Front Mol Biosci 2015; 2:49. [PMID: 26389123 PMCID: PMC4555020 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2015.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy is a well-established spectroscopic method for the examination of paramagnetic molecules. Proteins can contain paramagnetic moieties in form of stable cofactors, transiently formed intermediates, or spin labels artificially introduced to cysteine sites. The focus of this review is to evaluate potential scopes of application of EPR to the emerging field of optogenetics. The main objective for EPR spectroscopy in this context is to unravel the complex mechanisms of light-active proteins, from their primary photoreaction to downstream signal transduction. An overview of recent results from the family of flavin-containing, blue-light dependent photoreceptors is given. In detail, mechanistic similarities and differences are condensed from the three classes of flavoproteins, the cryptochromes, LOV (Light-oxygen-voltage), and BLUF (blue-light using FAD) domains. Additionally, a concept that includes spin-labeled proteins and examination using modern pulsed EPR is introduced, which allows for a precise mapping of light-induced conformational changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nohr
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ryan Rodriguez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Weber
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | - Erik Schleicher
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
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44
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Ivanov KL, Sadovsky VM, Lukzen NN. Theoretical description of spin-selective reactions of radical pairs diffusing in spherical 2D and 3D microreactors. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:084110. [PMID: 26328821 DOI: 10.1063/1.4928648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we treat spin-selective recombination of a geminate radical pair (RP) in a spherical "microreactor," i.e., of a RP confined in a micelle, vesicle, or liposome. We consider the microreactor model proposed earlier, in which one of the radicals is located at the center of the micelle and the other one undergoes three-dimensional diffusion inside the micelle. In addition, we suggest a two-dimensional model, in which one of the radicals is located at the "pole" of the sphere, while the other one diffuses on the spherical surface. For this model, we have obtained a general analytical expression for the RP recombination yield in terms of the free Green function of two-dimensional diffusion motion. In turn, this Green function is expressed via the Legendre functions and thus takes account of diffusion over a restricted spherical surface and its curvature. The obtained expression allows one to calculate the RP recombination efficiency at an arbitrary magnetic field strength. We performed a comparison of the two models taking the same geometric parameters (i.e., the microreactor radius and the closest approach distance of the radicals), chemical reactivity, magnetic interactions in the RP and diffusion coefficient. Significant difference between the predictions of the two models is found, which is thus originating solely from the dimensionality effect: for different dimensionality of space, the statistics of diffusional contacts of radicals becomes different altering the reaction yield. We have calculated the magnetic field dependence of the RP reaction yield and chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization of the reaction products at different sizes of the microreactor, exchange interaction, and spin relaxation rates. Interestingly, due to the intricate interplay of diffusional contacts of reactants and spin dynamics, the dependence of the reaction yield on the microreactor radius is non-monotonous. Our results are of importance for (i) interpreting experimental data for magnetic field effects on RP recombination in confined space and (ii) for describing kinetics of chemical reactions, which occur predominantly on the surfaces of biomembranes, i.e., lipid peroxidation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin L Ivanov
- International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya St. 3a, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Vladimir M Sadovsky
- Institute of Computational Modeling, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok 50/44, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
| | - Nikita N Lukzen
- International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya St. 3a, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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45
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Messiha HL, Wongnate T, Chaiyen P, Jones AR, Scrutton NS. Magnetic field effects as a result of the radical pair mechanism are unlikely in redox enzymes. J R Soc Interface 2015; 12:rsif.2014.1155. [PMID: 25505136 PMCID: PMC4305418 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2014.1155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental exposure to electromagnetic fields is potentially carcinogenic. The radical pair mechanism is considered the most feasible mechanism of interaction between weak magnetic fields encountered in our environment and biochemical systems. Radicals are abundant in biology, both as free radicals and reaction intermediates in enzyme mechanisms. The catalytic cycles of some flavin-dependent enzymes are either known or potentially involve radical pairs. Here, we have investigated the magnetic field sensitivity of a number of flavoenzymes with important cellular roles. We also investigated the magnetic field sensitivity of a model system involving stepwise reduction of a flavin analogue by a nicotinamide analogue—a reaction known to proceed via a radical pair. Under the experimental conditions used, magnetic field sensitivity was not observed in the reaction kinetics from stopped-flow measurements in any of the systems studied. Although widely implicated in radical pair chemistry, we conclude that thermally driven, flavoenzyme-catalysed reactions are unlikely to be influenced by exposure to external magnetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan L Messiha
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Thanyaporn Wongnate
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre for Excellence in Protein Structure and Function, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pimchai Chaiyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre for Excellence in Protein Structure and Function, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Alex R Jones
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK Photon Science Institute and School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nigel S Scrutton
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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46
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Melkikh AV, Khrennikov A. Nontrivial quantum and quantum-like effects in biosystems: Unsolved questions and paradoxes. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 119:137-61. [PMID: 26160644 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Non-trivial quantum effects in biological systems are analyzed. Some unresolved issues and paradoxes related to quantum effects (Levinthal's paradox, the paradox of speed, and mechanisms of evolution) are addressed. It is concluded that the existence of non-trivial quantum effects is necessary for the functioning of living systems. In particular, it is demonstrated that classical mechanics cannot explain the stable work of the cell and any over-cell structures. The need for quantum effects is generated also by combinatorial problems of evolution. Their solution requires a priori information about the states of the evolving system, but within the framework of the classical theory it is not possible to explain mechanisms of its storage consistently. We also present essentials of so called quantum-like paradigm: sufficiently complex bio-systems process information by violating the laws of classical probability and information theory. Therefore the mathematical apparatus of quantum theory may have fruitful applications to describe behavior of bio-systems: from cells to brains, ecosystems and social systems. In quantum-like information biology it is not presumed that quantum information bio-processing is resulted from quantum physical processes in living organisms. Special experiments to test the role of quantum mechanics in living systems are suggested. This requires a detailed study of living systems on the level of individual atoms and molecules. Such monitoring of living systems in vivo can allow the identification of the real potentials of interaction between biologically important molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Melkikh
- Ural Federal University, Mira str. 19, Yekaterinburg, 620002, Russia.
| | - Andrei Khrennikov
- International Center for Mathematical Modelling in Physics and Cognitive Sciences, Linnaeus University, Växjö, S-35195, Sweden.
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47
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Klein JH, Schmidt D, Steiner UE, Lambert C. Complete Monitoring of Coherent and Incoherent Spin Flip Domains in the Recombination of Charge-Separated States of Donor-Iridium Complex-Acceptor Triads. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:11011-21. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b04868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes H. Klein
- Wilhelm
Conrad Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems,
Würzburg, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - David Schmidt
- Wilhelm
Conrad Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems,
Würzburg, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Lambert
- Wilhelm
Conrad Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems,
Würzburg, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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48
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Filipič J, Kraigher B, Tepuš B, Kokol V, Mandić-Mulec I. Effect of Low-Density Static Magnetic Field on the Oxidation of Ammonium by Nitrosomonas europaea and by Activated Sludge in Municipal Wastewater. Food Technol Biotechnol 2015; 53:201-206. [PMID: 27904349 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.53.02.15.3629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ammonium removal is a key step in biological wastewater treatment and novel approaches that improve this process are in great demand. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that ammonium removal from wastewater can be stimulated by static magnetic fields. This was achieved by analysis of the effects of static magnetic field (SMF) on the growth and activity of Nitrosomonas europaea, a key ammonia-oxidising bacterium, where increased growth and increased ammonia oxidation rate were detected when bacteria were exposed to SMF at 17 mT. Additionally, the effect of SMF on mixed cultures of ammonia oxidisers in activated sludge, incubated in sequencing batch bioreactors simulating wastewater treatment process, was assessed. SMFs of 30 and 50 mT, but not of 10 mT, increased ammonium oxidation rate in municipal wastewater by up to 77% and stimulated ammonia oxidiser growth. The results demonstrate the potential for use of static magnetic fields in increasing ammonium removal rates in biological wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Filipič
- Ptuj Municipal Service Corporation, Puhova ulica 10, SI-2250 Ptuj, Slovenia; University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Food Science and Technology,
Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Kraigher
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Food Science and Technology,
Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Brigita Tepuš
- Ptuj Municipal Service Corporation, Puhova ulica 10, SI-2250 Ptuj, Slovenia
| | - Vanja Kokol
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Engineering Materials and Design, Smetanova ulica 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Ines Mandić-Mulec
- Ptuj Municipal Service Corporation, Puhova ulica 10, SI-2250 Ptuj, Slovenia
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49
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Lewis AM, Manolopoulos DE, Hore PJ. Asymmetric recombination and electron spin relaxation in the semiclassical theory of radical pair reactions. J Chem Phys 2015; 141:044111. [PMID: 25084885 DOI: 10.1063/1.4890659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe how the semiclassical theory of radical pair recombination reactions recently introduced by two of us [D. E. Manolopoulos and P. J. Hore, J. Chem. Phys. 139, 124106 (2013)] can be generalised to allow for different singlet and triplet recombination rates. This is a non-trivial generalisation because when the recombination rates are different the recombination process is dynamically coupled to the coherent electron spin dynamics of the radical pair. Furthermore, because the recombination operator is a two-electron operator, it is no longer sufficient simply to consider the two electrons as classical vectors: one has to consider the complete set of 16 two-electron spin operators as independent classical variables. The resulting semiclassical theory is first validated by comparison with exact quantum mechanical results for a model radical pair containing 12 nuclear spins. It is then used to shed light on the spin dynamics of a carotenoid-porphyrin-fullerene triad containing considerably more nuclear spins which has recently been used to establish a "proof of principle" for the operation of a chemical compass [K. Maeda, K. B. Henbest, F. Cintolesi, I. Kuprov, C. T. Rodgers, P. A. Liddell, D. Gust, C. R. Timmel, and P. J. Hore, Nature (London) 453, 387 (2008)]. We find in particular that the intriguing biphasic behaviour that has been observed in the effect of an Earth-strength magnetic field on the time-dependent survival probability of the photo-excited C(·+)PF(·-) radical pair arises from a delicate balance between its asymmetric recombination and the relaxation of the electron spin in the carotenoid radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan M Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - David E Manolopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - P J Hore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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50
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Lefeldt N, Heyers D, Schneider NL, Engels S, Elbers D, Mouritsen H. Magnetic field-driven induction of ZENK in the trigeminal system of pigeons (Columba livia). J R Soc Interface 2015; 11:20140777. [PMID: 25232052 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2014.0777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetoreception remains one of the few unsolved mysteries in sensory biology. The upper beak, which is innervated by the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve (V1), has been suggested to contain magnetic sensors based on ferromagnetic structures. Recently, its existence in pigeons has been seriously challenged by studies suggesting that the previously described iron-accumulations are macrophages, not magnetosensitive nerve endings. This raised the fundamental question of whether V1 is involved in magnetoreception in pigeons at all. We exposed pigeons to either a constantly changing magnetic field (CMF), to a zero magnetic field providing no magnetic information, or to CMF conditions after V1 was cut bilaterally. Using immediate early genes as a marker of neuronal responsiveness, we report that the trigeminal brainstem nuclei of pigeons, which receive V1 input, are activated under CMF conditions and that this neuronal activation disappears if the magnetic stimuli are removed or if V1 is cut. Our data suggest that the trigeminal system in pigeons is involved in processing magnetic field information and that V1 transmits this information from currently unknown, V1-associated magnetosensors to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Lefeldt
- AG Neurosensorik/Animal Navigation, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Heyers
- AG Neurosensorik/Animal Navigation, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Nils-Lasse Schneider
- AG Neurosensorik/Animal Navigation, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Svenja Engels
- AG Neurosensorik/Animal Navigation, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Dana Elbers
- AG Neurosensorik/Animal Navigation, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Henrik Mouritsen
- AG Neurosensorik/Animal Navigation, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
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